DECEMBER 1977 $2.00

AMATEUR

RADIO

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rCOM/VHF MOBILE'S PEERLESS LEADER GOES ONE STEP BEYOND

^he matchless IC*22S« the measure of quality and performance for all VHF mobile transceivers, now materializes with its splendid new frequency syn- thesizer as a flexible phenomenon. Faster than a digit switch, able to leap great frequencies in a single bound, the 1C*22S Mobile Marvel is empow- ered with instant programming for 256 possible frequencies, making available any frequency on anybody's band-plan in a matter of minutes, while disguised as a mild mannered 22 channel radio.

VHF UHF AUATEUft AND MARINE COMMUNICATION EQVlPUEm

It "hears through solid walls'* with a magnificient high sensitivity receiver, employing a 1st IF monolithic crystal filter and two 2nd IF filters for im- proved rejection of 15 KHz adjacent channel signals. And with spurious at* tenuatfon far exceeding FCC specifica- tions for even commercial type radios, the ICC-22S mobtli^es 10 Watts of power.

Instantly available from your dealer, the IC-22S comes to you ready to per- form amazing feats for even less than the cost of most old fashioned crystal controlled units. The meek and the mighty can avail themselves of the most in VHF mobile with the IC-22S, ICON'S MobUe Marvel.

CD

ICOM

ICOM WEST. INC. Suite 3

13256 Nofthn^ji Way Belle vue. Was»h 960Q5 <206* 747-9020

E>stributad by:

ICOM EAST, INC. Siwie :*07

33-1 T Tower wood Diive Dallas Tma*» 75^34 (214^ 620-2780

ICOM CANADA 7067 Victona Dt , Vanccniver B C V5P 3Y9 Canada (604)321-1833

&

34 Inside Ten -Tec - Q/?P Innovators

K4IV1DK 38 The History of Ham Radio - p&n V

W9CI 42 Try BCB DXl — when you're tired of

twenty

W82BJH 46 Build An Engine Analyzer - use your

scope!

WA6THG/KH6 50 More Repeater Control Devices — con-

trol unit/audio Interface

W7JSW 56 How Do You Use ICs? - part Vill

WA2SUT/NNNCJZVB 62 Finally] A Practical DiscFJminator! —

metering system, that Is

K4G0K 66 A Kilowatt Alternative - try a gain

antenna

WB0 KTH/4 68 All About Transceivers - Novices, take

note! WB5ASA 72 German Amateur Procedures — and re- peater Information W8CM/5 78 The DA4FB Story — Amencati repeater tn Germany WB4EWX/DA1KD i(a 92 Decode Morse - with an 8080 „ WB9KPT

1^ 98 Futureshot - just around the corner K9KIC 102 Try A Micro Contest Logger— tfw 6800 does it all KH6G!\^P IJS^ 106 Computerized Global Calculations — finding the best way to Pago Pago r--^ VE3EKR

^108 Micro Meets JANET — meteor scat- ter, anyone? W5HK/9, WB9WXM 114 Run, Sheila, RunI - reaNife radio control WB0IFF 120 CB to 10 — part Vl: antenna sugges- tions K5UKH

122 CB to '[Q- part Vff: converts TRC-ff WB8CLF

123 Battery Backup for Digital Clocks - don J miss a second

WA2EJT 130 Roll Your Own OSL Cards - original-

ity for rare ones!

G3WDI 134 Glide On Six - radio control primer

WB3BQ0 133 More IG-22S - add a programming

switch

K0HPF 140 Amplitude vs. Frequency -poor ms^'is

spectrum analyzer

Staff 142 How About An Auto CQ? - generate

some 70m activity!

K4TSY 144 SSB For the "Frog" - tame the croak

W5JJ

145 Beat the Books — $tudy half special

WB9YKe 148 Clocking Those Clock Kits — check out

the MK-03I

W6SWZ 150 Digital Signal Source - TTL signals for

counters, micros

K7HKL 152 Regenerated CW - CW: as you like It

Staff

177 High-Band Your KDK - monitor the other half!

W2PMX

178 The Rescue — real-life drama WA6LJL

179 Welding Rod Special Antenna - for seamless contacts

WA5TSJ 182 Tanks A Lotl - inductor calculation

program

WA9GUK 184 Build the El Sapo Tester - for hams

with spare time

Staff 186 FinaliyI A Simple PROM Burner! - for

the 8223 and 62S23

W7JSW 1SS Try A Topical CQ- for special interest

groups

K4GRT 189 Call Letter Gouge r — adds dass to any

shack

WB6JYK

192 Adjustable Bench Supply — would you believe f.2'37 volts?

Staff

193 Test Instrument Saver - an old phone Is reQuired

Miller 196 Photoelectric Bench Accessory — when

you need an extra "eye"

W3KBM 198 Inside the SR'52 - calculator doubles

as micro

WA6THG 200 Boost Your TR221 — with a mini rock

crusher

WA2INM 204 QRM on the Moon? — yep, on all bands

W4NVK

206 Filcher Foiler Car Alarm - car door operated

WB6THJ

207 Quick Deviation Meter - for the fC- 22A

WA1UUK

208 Build a Noise-free Power Supply - avoid spikes with sine waves

K4DHC 210 Surplus Goodies - are they really for you? Vlllastrjgo

214 Try A New Mode! - don't let boredom

strike

N4KC 216 Build A Useful HF RBmivet - Novice

special

Staff 218 Wake Up A Dead Repeater I - with

these new Q signals

K9AZG

#207 DEC 1977

6

Never Say Die

16

Oscar Orbits

17

Letters

19

FCC Math

21

RTTY Loop

22

Contests

24

New Products

26

Looking West

28

FCC

31

AMSAT

32

Hamburglar

32

Corrections

5S

Ham Help

219

Social Events

219

Ham Help

222

1977 Index

268

Propagation

COVER: Bust ol Gugfielmo Marconi at his original station locatTon in South Wellfleet MA (see page 6). Photo by W2NSD/1 .

73 Magazine Is published monthly by 73, Inc., Peterborough NH 03458. Subscription rates in the U,S. and Canada are $15 for one year, $26 for two years, and $36 for three years. Outside the U.S. and Canada, write for rates. Second class postage paid at Peterborough NH 03458 and at additional mailing offices. Publi- cation No, 700420. Phone: 603-924-3873. Entire contents copyright 1977 by 73, Inc. INCLUDE OLD ADDRESS AND ZIP CODE WITH ADDRESS CHANGE NOTIFICA TiON.

Microfilm edition — Uni- versity Microfilms, Ann Arbor Ml 48106.

7

\.pacesetier in amateur radio

AND DG-5 DIGITAL FREQUENCY DISPLAY

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FULL COVERAGE TRANSCEIVER

The TS-B20S providas full cover- age on all amateur bands from 1.8 to 29.7 MHz. Kenwooul gives you 1 60 meter capabilitv. WWV on 15.000 MHz., and an tyxih tary band position for maximum flexibility AtmJ with ihe addition of the TV-S06 transvener your TS-520S can cover 100 meter? to 6 meters on SSB and CW,

QIGITAt DrSPLAV DG-5 {option)

The Kenwood DG-5 provides e^y. d^ urate readout of your operating froduency while trans- mitting a/? rf receiving

OUTSTANOrNG RECilVEH SENSITIVITY AND MINIMUM CROSS MODULATION

The TS-520S incorpo rates a 3SK3§ dual gate MOSFET lor outstonding cross modulation and spurious response charsctertst^cs Th9 3SK35 has a low noise fig y re (3 5 dB typ.) and h^h gain (18 dB typ ) for excellent san&itivity.

NEW IMPROVED SPEECH PROCESSOR

Aft dyd*o compfession amplifier gives you extra punch in the pile

ups and when the goir>g gets rough-

VERNIER TUNING FOR FINAL PIATI CONTROL

A vernier twining mechanism altows easy and accurate adjust* mem of the plate control during tune-up.

FINAL AMPLIFIER

The TS-520S is completely solid state except for the driver (1 28- Y7AJ and the final tubes Rather than subsitute TV sweep tubes as final amplifier tubes in a state of t^ie art amateur transceiver,

Kenwood has employed two husky S-2001A (dquivalant to 61468) tubes These rugged, ime'pfoven tubes are known for Mr to ng life and superb linearFtv

kd^ effective noise blanking cnLuu aeveloped by Kenvvood that vjr* tualty eirminates ignition noi^ is buih into the TS 520S

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The T5'520S has a bumAn 20 dB sttentustof that can be acti* vated by a pysh button £wich convenient jy located on tiie

front panel.

A special jack on the rear p^nel of the TS-520S provides receiver signals to an external recetvor for incrsased station versitility. A swiich on the rear pane) deter- mrnes the aigrial path . the recefx^r in the TS-820 or any external receiver,

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VFO-520 remote VFO rrtaiches the styling of the TS- 5203 and provtdes maximum operating flexibility on the b«nd selected on your TS'520S,

Th&

6 TS-520S IS completaly seif- contained with a rugged AC power supply built-in The addi- tion of the DS'1 A DC-DC converter {optional} a I tows for mobile operation of the TS-520S.

The T5-520S has 2 convenient RCA phono jacks on the rear panel for PHONE ^ATCH IN and PHONE PATCH OUT,

The CW-S20'500 Hi filter can be easilly installed and will provide improved operation on CW.

The AGC circuit has 3 positions (OFF, FAST. SLOW) to enable the TS-B20S lo be operated in the optimum condition at all times wf^ether operating CW or SS8.

The TS-620$ retains all of the features of the original TS'520 tl^t rriade il tops in its class: RIT cornrof ' 8-pofe crystal filter • Buih*in 25 KHz cafibretof • Front panel carrier level control • Seml- break-tn CW with sidetone • VOX/PTT/MOX • TUNE posnion for low power tune up ■ Built-m speaker ■ Built-in Cooling Fan • Provisions for 4 fixed frequency channels • Heater switch.

TS-520

oecfffcstions

Amileur Binds I6O10 meters

p^ui WIW (rccervf only) M{Ht»: USB, LSa, Ofl Aittltni l«ip*i*^r^ W 75 CWims

kMi (^umg on* Hm ^.^^' -ti tmnutf of kvimi-tip, ma mmn 1^ Hi durmg iriY 3D mmat

l^An & SeBicoo^dors Ty^ I

(S7W1A 1 7 l2BVm>

Trar4$»: 52

FOs 19

Poiiif R«|«ifi«i«^ 120/220 V

AC. SO/60 H;. 13 J V D€

(iritti optionti DS^IA) Ptti«r Coisumplion Tfinsmrt

280 Witts Reoeive- 2$ Watts

(wtth heater off) DimeRSiOii. B3(0V|) W 1 1S3 (m

Hi 33^ 16) D ramCpndtl

Wtighl 16 D i%\Ml m TRANSMiHEi RF liiiTul Power SSB: 200 Wtlts

fif m: IfiO Watts DC Catritr Suppression: Better Uijfi

Sidtbind SuptreBsion: Better

ihin -5€ dB Spi^naus l^adLattan Better thian

-41} dB

Microphone Impedance 30h OItim AF Re&oonse 4M to 2,600 Hi

RECEIVER

Sensitivity: 025 uV lor ID dB

{S+N)/W

SeledMty; SSB;2,4 hHz/-e (IB,

44 kHi/^60 dB Selectivjtir: CW: D.5 kH;/ 6 dB,

UhK^/ eOda(«rilliDplion8l

CW'520 filtiTJ fma£t Ratio: Better than 50 dB IF Reieclion: Bdter titan 50 d8 AF Outpm Power: 1.0 Wall {B

Ohm load, with less than 10%

distortian}

AF Oulpul Imptdanct: 4 to 16 Ohms

DG 5

SPECIFlD^TIOfiS Ueasuitng Range. 100 Hf t« 40III1I

Ifif^iit Inspcdince: 5 k Ohms

Gttt Time, 01 Sk.

Input Sen^tririty: 100 Hi to 40

HH2 . 200 mV rmi or mr. 10

mi to HI MHr . 50 mV or over Measuririff Amtriqr Int^fta) lime

base accuraqr :tO,l count hm Basi 10 UHi Op«rilin| rimp«fitttr«; -10' t§

»* C/M* m^ F Power Rfquirement Sup-plied

ffooi TS 520S or 12 lo li VDC

(ROfRiflai 0 8 VDC) DiniensjQfl$ ie7l6-9/l&} Wa

43U 11/16} Hi ZSSdO-^/tS) D

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Weiffit: iJ lif(19 ll»)

Q'b connectionii

Phone

Traniveriflf jeck

Bntonna ■witch

120V/^aOVawl,^itch

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Following are a few of the TS-820S" many exciting features.

PLL • The TS-B20S employs the latest phas« lock loop circuitry. The single conversion receiver section performance offers superb protection against unwanted cross-modulation. And now PLL allows the frequency to remain the same when switching sidebands (USB, LSB. CW) and eliminates having to recalibrate each time.

DIGITAL READOUT • The digital counter display is em- ployed as an integral part of the VFO readout system. Counter mixes the carrier VFO, and first heterodyne frequen- cies to give exaci frequency. Figures the frequency down to 10 Hz and digital display

reads out to 1 00 Hz. Both receive and transmit frequen- cies are displayed in easy to read, Kenwood Blue digits. SPEECH PROCESSOR • An RF circuit provides quick time constant compression using a true RF comp'ressor as opposed to an AF clipper. Amount of compression is adiusiable to the desired level by a convenient front panel control IF SHIFT 'The IF SHIFT control varies the iF pass- band without changing the receive frequency. Enables the operator to eliminate unwanted signals by moving them out of the passband o( the receiver. This feature alone makes the TS-820S a pacesetter.

The TS-e20 and !>G-1 ar& fiill tvmX-

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Experience the excitement of 6 meters. The TS-600 all mod© trans- ceiver lets you experience the fun of 6 meter band openings. This 10 watt, solid state rig covers 50.0-54.0 MHr. The VFO tunes the band in 1 MHz segments. It also

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has provisions for fixed frequency operation on NETS or to listen for beacons. State of the art features such as an affective noise blanker and the RIT {Receiver Incremental Tuning) circuit make the TS-600 another Kenwood "Pacesetter".

An easy way to get on the 6 meter band with your TS-520/ 520S, TS-S20/820S and most other transceivers. Simply plug it in and you're on . . , full band coverage with 1 0 watts output on SSB and CW.

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OK 9 KENWOOO TRANSCEIVER TR'fi300

.,.,^^ VOL soueiCH

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Experience the luxury of 450 MHz at an economicaf price.

The TR-8300 offers high quality

and superb perfornnance as a result of many years of improving VHF/

UHF design techniques. The trans-

ceiver is capable of f^ emission on 23 crystal-controlled channels (3 supplied). The transmitter out- put is to watts.

The TR-8300 incorporates a 5

section helical resonator and a

two-pole crystal filter in the IF section of the receiver for improved intermodulation characteristics. Receiver sensitivity, spurious response^ and temperature characteristics are excellent.

lacesi'tter tn nmahur radio

WITH DIGITAL FREQUENCY DISPLAY

CPii *i« • vra

REPEATER

HOf^MAi GAIN

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Features: Digital readout with "Kenwood Btue" digits * High gain receiver p re-amp • 1 watt lower power switch • Built in VOX • Semi-bresk in on CW • CW sidetone • Operates all modes: SSB (upper & lower), FM, AM and CW • Completely solid state circuitrv provides stable, long last- ing, trouble-free operation * AC and DC capability (operate from your ear boat, or as a base station through its built-in power supply) • 4 MHz band coverage (144 to 148 MHz) • Automatically switches transmit frequency 600 KHz for repeater operation. Simply dial in your receive frequency and the radio does the rest , . . simplex, repealer, reverse " Or accomplish the same by plugging a single crystal into one of the 11 crystal positions for your favorite channel • Transmit/ Receive capability on 44 channels with 11 crystals

Handsomely styled and a perfect companion to the TS-700S. This unit provides you with the extra versatility and the luxury of having a second VFO in your shack. Great for spill frequency operation and for tuning off fre- quency to check the band. The function switch

on the VFO-700S selects the VFO in use and the appropriate frequency is displayed on the digital readout in the TS-700S. In addition a momentary contact "frequency check" switch allows you to spot check the frequency of the VFO not in use.

Featiires Kenwood's unique Continuous Tone Coded

Squelch system, 4 MHz band coverage, 25 watt output and fully synthesized 800 channel operation. This compact package gives you the kind of perform- ance specifications youve always wanted in a 2'meter amateur rig

Outstanding sensitivity, large-sized helical resonators with High Q to minimize undesirable out-of-band interferance, and give a 2-pole 10.7 MHz monolithic crystal filter combine to give your TR-7400A outstand- ing receiver performance. Intermodulation character- istics (Better than 66dB), spurious (Better than — 60dB), image rejection (Better than — 70dB), and a versatile squelch system make the TR-7400A tops in its class.

Shown with the PS-8 power syppty

{Active filters and Tone Burst Modules optional}

POWER

$ KENWOOD

DC POWER SUPPiv

PS -6

OFF

This 100 channel PLL synthesized 146 148 MHz transceiver comes with 88 pre-programmed channels for use on all standard repeater frequencies {as per ARRL Band Plan) and most simplex channels. For added flexibility, there are 6 diode-programmable switch positions. The 15 KHz shift function makes these 6 positions into 12 channels, 10 watt output, .-600 KHz offset and LED digital frequency display are just a few of the many fine features of the TR-7500

The PS'6 is the handsomely styled, matching power supply for the TR-7500. Its 3.5 amp current capacity and built-in speaker make it the perfect companion for home use of the TR-7500.

The high performance portable 2-meter FM transceiver. 146-148 MHz, 12 channels (6 supplied), 2 watts or 400 mW RF output. Everything you need is included: Ni-Cad battery pack, charger, carrying case and microphone.

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Kenwood developed the T-599D transmitter and R-599D receiver for the most discriminating amateur. The R-599D is the most comptete receive r ever offered It is entirely solid-state, superbly reliable and compact, It covers the full amateur band, 10 through 1 60 meters. CW. LSB. USB, AM and FM

The T*599D ts solid-state wah the exception of only three tubes, has buitt-in power supply and full metering ft operates CW, LSB. USB and AM and. of course, is a perfect match to the R'599D receiver.

If you have never considered the advantages of operating a receiver /transmJttef combination . maybe you should, Because of the larger number of controls and dual VFOs the combination offers flexibility impossible to duplicate with a trdnsceiver.

Compare the specs of the R-599D and the T-599D v^tith any other brand Remember, the R-599D is all solid state (and in- cludes four filters). Your choice will obviously be the Kenwood.

Dependable operation, superior specifications and excellent

features make the R-300 en uneKcelled value for the

shortwave listener. It offers full band coverage with a

frequency range of 170 KHz to 30.0 MHz • Receives AM.

SSB and CW • Features large, easy to read drum dials

with fast smooth dial action * Band spread ts calibrated for

the 10 foreign broadcast bands, easily tuned with the use

of a built-in 500 KHz calibrator • Automatic noise iimtter ■

3-way power supply system (AC /Batteries/ External DC)

take It anyplace * Automatically switches to battery

power in the event of AC power failure

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[20 Series TS*e20S

JS-S20

DG-1

VF0^820-.

CW-920 . . .

0S-1A.

520 Series TS'520S, , . DG-5

VFO^520.-

SP-520-..

CW'520. . .

DK-520

5990 SerJe

R-599D

T-599D S599

.TS'820 with Digital Installed

TO' 160 M Deluxfi Transceiver

Digital Frequency Display farTS-S2a

.Delude Remoie VFO for forTS.820/820S 500 H2 CW Filter for TS-820/820S DC-DC Convufter for 520/S20 Senes

V60-10 M Transceiver Digital Frequency Display tor TS-520 Series Remote VFO for TS^520 and TS-520S External Speaker for 520/820 Series 500 Hi CW Filter for TS-520/ 5208 Digital Adaptor Kit for TS-520 s

1 60- 1 0 M Solid State

Receiver

BO- 10 M Maichtng

Transmitter

EKtemal Speaker lor 59§D

Series

CC-29A, , . .2 Meter Convener for

R-599D CC*69 - . . . , 6 MetBf Converter for

R^599D FM-S99A.. fM Filter for R-599D

1^ .

R-300 General Coverage SWL Receiver

1

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Ts^eoo . . .

TS-700S..

VF0-700S, SP^70.

TR^22O0A.

TR-7400A.

. 6 M All Mode Transceiver .2 M All Mode Digital Transceiver

^Remote VFO for TS-700S Matching Speaker for TS 600/ 700 Series 2 M Portable FM Transceiver

2 M Synthesized Deluxe FM Transceiver

ESSORIES

Rubber Helical Antenna Telescoping Whtp Antenna Ni-Cad Battery Pack (set) 4 Pin Mtc. Connector Acliwe Filter Elements Tone Burst Modules AC Cables DC Cables

MQd«l

TR-7S00

Tft.8300 TV-506 .

HS^4

MB-1A.

MC-50. PS'5...

PS-B.,. V0X^3

too Channel Synthesized 2 M FM Transceiver

70 CM FM Transceiver (450 MHz)

6 M Transverter for 520/820/599 Series

Headphone Set .Mounting Bracket for TR-2200A Desk Microphone Power Supply for TR-8300 Povtfer Supply for TR-7500 Power Supply for TR-7400A VOX for TS-600/700A

Trio-Kenwood stocks a complete line of replacement parts, accesssrjes. and rnaniialt for ail Kenwood modeis.

For uaft iMith

R A- 1

T90'0082*05 PB 16

£07-0403^05 See Service Manual See Service Manual Specify Model Specify Model

TR^2200A TR-2200A TR-220DA All Models TR-7400A TS-700A: TR-7400A All Models Alt Models

The Kenwood HS-4 headphorie set adds vtriatilitv >o sn.y Kenwood station For e«tefided periods of wear, tfte iHS-4 ts comfi^Ff- vbly padded and t% comp^etetv adiustabte. The fre^uamry ratpome of the HS-4 i^ tsihofed f|>ecificaltv for imateur communtcation use {300 m 3000 Hi. e ohms)

The MC-50 dynamic microphorte has been d«iign«d dKpres^jy fof emaieur radio operatian ai a Bpiandid addition lo any Kenwood t^wdi. Completa with PTT and LOCK switches, and a mitrrophone plug for mstant hook-up to any Kenwood rig. Ea&ily convened io high or low impeciance. (60O or 5Qk ohm)

TRIO-KENWOOD COMMUNICATIONS INC.

mi WEST WALNUT/COMPTON, CA 90220

®

KENWOOD

, fmirnrUti in aimstttif mtJiu

ffont psge $

GB IN PERSPECTIVE

Whils a lot of amateMrs are still uptight over CBers and their often wanton ways, others are busy wel- comirtg th& cream of the Cfi crop into amateur radio. About 80% of tlie new ham* are coming frann the C8 ranks, a Navy percentage of those tm'irtg the highly illegal HFerSv Oddly enough, despite aJf sorts of warnings of dis- aster, the new hams are doing qyite

Byt virhat about the manufacturers? We are now seeing more aiKl more of the CB firms turning lo amateur radio ,.. How come? In this case we can laugh, for the CB industry went to a lot of expense and trouble to almost mortally wound itself,

iack in the glorious days when everythirkg was back -ordered and the manufacturers were more worried ibout completion of construction of their new plants than anything else, tfte bigwigs of the btz did irivest some money tDwsrd making their future «ven mstef titan it then speared. They could see the 23 channels then Available rapidly filling up and there being not only a need for more channels on 27 MHz, but ^so a need for two to five megahertz for further CB development, as millions of people got into the act.

The "donations" went to their lobby in Washington. Here the money was spent to put the pressure on the FCC for new bands and for 27 MHz

EDiTORfAL 8Y WA YNE GREEN

eKpanston. When they ran Into re- sistance from the FCC, they then went via the OTP {White House) to force the FCC to capitulate. It's actually a bit more sordid than that, but you get the idea.

Through TV, movies, records, and a lot of newspaper and magazine pub- licity, the pressure was kipt on to keep CB growing . . , arvf it did. Then the plan to expand the 27 MHz band went through the usual FCC heeV dragging^ which amateurs are all too familiar witfi, and luddenly the country was faced w'rth the choice of buyir^ a CB ^i which would be virtual! V worthless in six months or else watting six months for the new 40-channe1 sets. Sales of CB sets just about stopped, while the factories in Japan kept grtncfing out the 23- channel sets to further bulge a I reedy- bulging warehouses in the U.S.

By the time the 40- channel sets could be purchased, the steam had gone out of the market and the demand for the new sets never reaUy material I zsd. That lesson having been teamed, tiie pnestres for opening a new Cfl in the VHF or UHF bands cooled quickly. Of course, the tack of pressure has not stopped ttia FCC from its conskJerations in this tine . . . these things move like a glacier and are as difficult to stop. One of the last things CB msnufacttirers and dealers need now is a new Citizens Band.

One publisher, anxious to start a new "Communicator" magazine, did manage to pull the FCC to a halt by

Memorial bmt of Marwm at the s&tion stie.

writing in a nationally-syndicated CB column that the new band would soon be announced. The FCC took this as a challenge and tabled the whole matter. They are not about to be pressured like that.

My plan to encourage ham clubs to institute Novice classes has worked

well, and the result has been a sub- stantial growth in amateurs . * * enough so the need for a Communi" cator class of license is no lor>ger important. The two reasons for the Communicator proposal were to pro*

Continued on p^ge 4 J

Oscar Orbits

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The listed data tells you the t^me and place OSCAR crosses the equator m afi ai^nding orbit for the first time each day. To calculate successive orbits, makt a Itst of the first orbrt number and the next twelve orbits for that day. List the lime of the tirst orbit. Each successive orbit is 1 15 minutes later (two hours lesi five minutes) ^ The chart gives the longitude of the first crossing. Add 29'' for each succeeding orbit When OSCAR is ascending on the othef side of the world, it wtll ciescend over you. To find the equatorial deKendtr^g longitude, subtract 166 degrees from ihe aiamding longitude. To find the time it passes the north pole, &dd 29 minutes to the time it passes the equator. You ^ould be able to hear OSCAR when it is within 45 degrees of you. The easiest way to do this is to take a globe and draw a circle with a radius of 2480 miles (4000 kilometers) from the home QTH. If it passes right overhead, you should be abl« to hear it for about 24 minutes total. OSCAR will pass an imaginary line drawn from San Francisco to Norfolk about 12 minutes after passing the equator. Add about a mmute for each 200 miles that you live north of this fine. If OSCAR passes 15 degrees from you, add another minute; at 30 degrees, three minutes: at 45 degrees^ ten minutei

OSCAR 6 : Input 145.90146.00 MHi- Output 29.45 29.55 MHz; Telemetry beacon at 29.45 MHz. OSCAR 7 Mode A: Input

145.a5-t45.95 MHjt; Output 29.40-29.50 MHz, Mode B; Input 432.125-432.175 MHz; Out- put 145.925^ 145.975 MHz.

Orbits designated *'X" are closed to general use. "ED'* are for educational use, "BTN" orbits contain news bulletins, "Q" orbits have a ten Watt erp ttmit. "V indicates link orbiL "N" or "S" tndicstes that Oscar 6 is available only on northbound or southbound passes. Satellites are not available to users on "NA" days.

1

tel \ Ma Bp l] that

3 ! '1 e s h o u

W6LS

]

I have not seen a Caveat Emptor section in T3 Magaiirm ff>r a tong time, ^f "fou no longer print ads, ignore the two typed below. However, if you still conduct this service, please print the following ads: CQ md QST W50-7975 tssaes for safe. Send SAS£ if orden'fjg 73, Ham Radio, or other CQ and QST issues ^ One doifar mmimum order, and ail issues cost 25& each, mciudmg USA shipping. Send chrorw/ogicst list and fun payment to W6LS, 2814 Empire, Burbank CA 91504. CBftificate for provert two-way rsdio contacts with amateurs in aif ten USA calf areas. Award suitabie to frame, and pro\/en achi&vefnents added on request. SASE tnngs TAD data sheet from W6LS, 2814 Empire, Burbanf( CA 91504.

As you may remember, our club has operated a used amateur radio magaiinei ^rvice for more than a decade. It was your donation of 73 Mag9nn& that enabted us to start ^is project. We have shipped more than 3000 issues in one month, and we seldom send less than 300 magazirtes durii^g a month. Our magazine sen/ice (s appreciated by amateurs, and we have filled requests from every state and about 40 countries. We often receive very kind comments from amateurs who are happy to receive needed issues. Out club is a nonprofit organization, and we regularly donate ' 'income" to worthwhile causes as- sociated with the amateyr radio service. As is indicated in our ad, our supplies of 7 J and fiam fladio issues are always limited, and we have actually been completely out of them several times in the last few years.

We hope you understand that you and your staff are welcome to drop in at W6LS for unannounced visits when- ever yoy are in our area. We are open weekday evenings 4:30-5:30 pm and 7:30^9:30 pm. Actyally, W6LS is open and active at least 30 houi^ per week. Please exterxl our invitation to your staff. We are pleased to see Bill Pasternak whenpever he attends an everrt at W6LS, and that is usually a couple of times per year.

WSLS is St in as active as ever^ We help license about 300 amateurs per year In the courses our members teach, including about 1B0 at W6LS. We actively support amateur-related activities, such as communications for Walk'A Thons and Bike-A-Thons- We have hosted repeater conferences the last few years, along with meetings of other special interest groups such as SOWP, QCWA, OOTC, Ten-Ten Inter- national, Southern California Antique

Radio Society, Southern California Radio Teletype, MARS groups, and others. We continue to be active in commur^rty affairs, such as through our hosting of the annual volunteers fecognition day (Sunday, 25 September 1977^ for tf^ Burbank Red Cross. W6LS is also collecting donations of aluminum in 1977, and spending the income to buy refresh- mants for Red Cross blood donors in Burbank. Our 1 2th annual convention drew a little mora than 3000 attendees, and we have reached the point where we are considering a move CO larger quartern, W6LS has served as the receiving point for the ARRL California Incoming DX QSL Bureau during the last few years, and h runs ^noothlY now with pfenty of help. W6LS sorts received SASEs and DX cards according to the first letter In the calisign suffix, and we ship packages to indivtdual suffix sorters, who are members of other ciubs In our Los Angeles Area Council of Amateur Radio Clubs. We are so deeply involved in several major pro^ jects that our clu broom looks like a combination storage room and junk shop.

I have taken up Herb Brier's (W9AD) old battle to help new ama- teurs through the Novice column in CO f\^agazine. As you may recall, I have a lot of interest in the problems faced by new amateurs in general and Novices in particular. I hope to pro- vide them with some help via this column, although I realize it may not last long (since the FCC is making noises about eliminating the Novtce class of license).

I established an amateur radio operating award to provide a bit more incentive to new amateurs and to honor our beagle dog (Tad) who spent more time at W6US than most members while he was alive. The Ten American Districts certificate Is increasingly popular with new ama- teurs, and I have already issued almost 12O0 of them to amateurs In all states and about 50 countries.

Wdtiam Welsh W6DDB LERC Amateur Radio Club/W6tS

Burbank CA

Hi, Bilf . . . congratulations on the column in CQ . . . and sorry ive are out of the ctassified business these days. Well try to be sure to say helio on our next trip out your way * , . keep up the good work with f\/ovice classes, - Ed.

HOT TICKET

I'm an ak conditioning engineer who's worked the past year in Iran,

where it's been 102'' F, for the past month. I've been a ham for about seven years, and have had callsigns ODBGT and F0AZK. I now operate hen& in Tehran with calisign eP2GT* We a^so have a r^to club here with about 60 members. Some of these members receive 73 by air mail from their American companies, so I've been able to keep up a bit on ham radio activities through your fine publication,

BitI Schlapfer EP2GT Tehran, Iran

BRAVO

Br wo for your October editorfaf, "Can The QCWA Save Amateur Radio?"

I am in accordance with you 100% — this fine organization, above any otiier, could do the job that ham radio sadly needs.

I, regretfully^ am not a member, but am joining as soon as possible; Having been in ham radio about 50 years, 1 guess I'm about due.

I understand that such an illustrious gentleman as Leo Meyerson has re- cently been elected as a regional director. Along with many good men in just about every walk of life, who do not seek monetary gain and show no discfiminatlon toward old or new, who else should represent us except (as I have mentioned previously) Wayne Green? . . ,

Paddy LabatoWBDLU Cleveland OH

REAL PROBLEMS

Regarding the recent announce- ment of the Rule and Order on FCC docket '^21033: I would like you to consider supporting an addition to this controversial issue (at ieast in the midwest K

As 1 am not a Tech, I feel that I am less biased on the subiect than rrtost Techs are — but I still feel strongly that the poteniial problems need im- mediate consideration and action.

I am very disturbed by the talk in the weak signal portions of our VHF bands of a so called "war." Now, as in many times in the past, is the time for cooperation between all concerned, not "war." Quoting a recently over- heard comment on 145.1 MHz, ''Til throw my kW on the first repeater input down here/' War is a two-way affair, and FMs have kWs atso.

In general FMers and low band operators whom I have discussed this with realize that DXing, EME, RTTY, TV and satellites use some of the VHF spectrum, but they don't know how much or where. They have been very receptive and sympathetic to our potential problems, and would sup- port gent tern en's agreements and /or proposals to the FCC to prevent the potential problems.

My personal feeding is that the Rule and Order mak^ sense, e>{cept that it did not go far enough. Gentlemen's agreemenES can solve the problems of 220 MHz and up if they ^e made

known and are respected by all parties concerned with the use of these bands. Two meters, as I see it, is where the problem lies. No good argumer^t can be made that FM users and repeater operators didn't need the extra t MHz given on 2 — the problem is going to be that the 300 kHz that are usable by the Tech class for AM, SSB, CW, TV, RTTY, facsimile, and EME from 145.5 to 145.8 MHz is not going to be enough, General class license holders and above do far more work in the area above 145.0 MHz at present than in the 144 MHz portion. due to the tremendous activity gen- erated by the Tech class. You go where the action is.

As I see it, the only answer Fs to open up the lower portion of 2 meters to Techs. The 500 kHz fmm 144 to 144,5 are probably adequate, when combined with the 300 kHz from 145,5 to 145,8, to handle all modes and uses. The bottom 100 or 50 kHz could and probably should be reserved for A1 only.

I f the bottom of 2 Is not opened to the Techs, i foresee some real prob- lems for all users of the band.

Jerry G. Shepherd WBSY^W Hoffman Est IL

EARfSlING

I just finished reading the letter from Mark A. Clark WB4CSK in the September 73. He may be "lust a kid,'' but he has the attitude of a mature adult and I agree with his f stings 100%. There is r>o excuse for lowering ticket requirements to gain strength In numbers

I am working toward my Novice now; and I want the satisfaction of earning it. I'm a CBer, somewhat disappointed with CBj and It's my observation that if 90% of the CB operators knew more than how to key the mike and talk, we would have much less trouble with RFI, over- modulation^ splatter, and crude manners*

Amateyr radio doesn't need this kind of membership.

Dave Dunsmoor KAHB1022 Wahpeton NO

PACING

I have recently become a subscriber to your magazine, after belonging to the ARRL for more years than I care to remember.

I enclose a letter which I wrote to OS r and which was returned to me with a copy of an old American Medical Journal article which merely Slated the well -known facts that some later pacemakers have better shielding than some earlier models,

I had hoped that my experience might at least stay on file for the benefit of others who have the prob- lem. Since receiving my letter back, I have withdrawn my permission for QSrio use my experiences.

Perhaps I had better say that when

Continued on page 32

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18

Y1

FCC Math

John F. Leahy WB6CKN P.O.Box 539 Gonzaies CA 93926

in this installment, we'll leisureSy pfay around with Ohm's Law and tie up some loose ends from Part 1 ,

First, to Ohm's Law. Probably the simpfest statement is: voltage ^ cur- rent X resistance. In symbols, E = IR (remember, it's not necessary to put a muttiplication sign between tetters}. And what it means is that the instan- taneous voltage or pressure across a pureEy resistant circuit equals the amoLint of current flowing times the resistance offered to that flow, I used the words "mstantaneous" and "purely resistant" to take care of ac as well as dc circuitry. The further you get Into etectronics, the more you see of such bothersome tittle distinctions. Things are just never simple!

Let's now do some algebraic wiggling like we did in Part 1. If E = IR (back to playing with number equations if necessary), then I = E/R and R = E/l. Which is to say that the current in a purely resistive circuit equals the voltage (pressure) divided by the resistance (the greater the voltage and the less the resistance, the more the current, just like a hose carrying water}, and the resistance in the circuit equals the voltage divided by the current {the greater the voltage and the less the current, the greater the resistance must be},

Mow an example: Suppose you wanted to develop 5 volts across a resistor that carried 25 milliamps (mA) of current. What size resistor would you need? Here we're looking for the R of our formula. A good way to remember the Ohm's Law formulas is simply to note that E, voltage, Is always on top, never on the bottom of the fraction. R - E/L then, is the form we want here. But there's a problem. The formula works for Ohms, volts and Amps (Amperes), whereas here we have mifltamps. Using the proper units is always a critical factor in these problems, as it is in any measurement situation. You might be^ 6 feet tall. You most certainly are "not 6 inches tall. The number {B in this case} means nothing unless it's hooked up with the correct unit of measurement. So in our problem milliamps are no good if we want our answer in Ohms (but, as we shall see, they are fine if we want our answer in kilohms).

8ut this again brings upthesub{ect of prefixes, which is quite a subject

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indeed. MEHi and kilo {and the mega we saw in our last lesson] are ex- amples. They are hooked onto the front of a unit word and completely change the size of that unit. Milli, for example, means tho\^%ar\dths , kilo means thousanc/s, mega means millions. So 25 mA is 25 thousandths of an Amp {0.025 A}. Notice how much shorter the phrase 25 mi If lamps is than the phrase 25 thousandths of an Amp, Also note that with 0.025 you're into decimals, whereas with 25 you are not. Learning to work with prefixes, abbreviations and other shortcuts is mighty important in elec- tronics computations, unless you don't mind taking up lots of space and time in computations that could be done with dispatch.

But to finish our problems, we now know that 25 milliamps is 0,025 Amps, something that we can plug into our formula even if we have not yet learned shortcut ways of handling decimals. R = E/l becomes R - 5/0.025 for our problem. Dividing bottom into lop, we get 200. So 200 Ohms is the resistance we want.

Let's check our work. To do so, we'll again use Ohm's Law, but the configuration E = IR. If weVe done our work correctly, 5 volts should equal 25 mA times 200 Ohms, Multiply 0.025 x 200 and, sure enough, up comes 5. We must have done things the right way, ,^'_J- Before we jump back into prefixes ^ifid decimals to tie things together for '"this installment of our series, let's take further note of units of measurement, since, as we've already seen, keeping these units straight in our work is pretty important. Notice how we multiplied Amps and Ohms together to get voltsi Wow, all different units! That often happens with multiplica- tion and division. The units of measurement of the answer may be entirely different from those of the problem. That's not true of addition and subtraction. If I add so many Ohms plus so many Ohms. Til get Ohms in my answer. If I subtract so many volts from so many volts, I'll get volts in my answer. The reason you get different units with division and multiplication is that units cancel just like numbers cancel: S x 11% x 9 - 7/9. The fives cancel. Or else one unit of measurement is defined in terms of other units so that they can be inter- changed with those other units and youVe still dealing with the same reality- The thing to remember is that

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units are handled logicalty in com- putations. With addition and subtrac- tion, you'll get the same units in the answer as you had In the problem. With multipl ication and division, you'll drop some units or get new units, but the units you dropped were canceled out and the new units were just ''hidden" in the original units because of the deffnition of those original units. An example: Drive a car at 55 miles per hour for 3 hours and youVe gone 165 miles. What happened to the hours? Here's what happened: 55 miles/hour x 3 hours - 165 miles hours/hour. The hours canceled be- cause they were in top and bottom. Note a3so that when you say per, you mean divide. 55 miles per hour means 55 miles/1 hour. That may seem strange, but it all works out very nice and logically.

Another example. 7 miles equals 36,960 feet How's that? Miles and feet are totally different units! Here's what you didn't see. There are 5,280 feet per miie. So we have 7 miles times 5,280 feet/1 mife. The mifes cancel and we get 36,960 feet. That kind of thing goes on all the time in electronics. You just take the dis- appearance and reappearance of units for granted when a multiplication or division is involved.

Now some decimal stuff* There's just no way of avoiding it^ though we have skirted around it so far. Perhaps 99% of computations in electronics require good working knowledge of our decimal system*

A decimal system Is a ten system (from the Latin d&cem, meaning ten}. Every time you move to the left, you multiply by ten; every time you move to the right, you divide by ten. In the number 777- 7, the left hand 7 is ten times bigger ihan the 7 to its right. That one. in "turn, Is ten times bigger than the one to its right, and so on. 777,7 means 7 hundreds + 7 tens + 7 ones +7 tenths, 700 + 70 + 7 + 7/10.

Naming numbers in our decimal system can be kind of tricky, because there's a variety of ways, all meaning the same thing. 7,700 can be named seven thousand seven hundred, or seventy-seven hundred, 0.025 is nor- mally named 25 thousandths, though it means 2 hundredths and 5 thou- sandths. Look at the fraction equiva- lent, and you can see why. 2/100 + 5/1000 = 20/1000 + 5/1000 = 25/1000, (Slormally numbers smaller than one are named by the last digit to the tight 0.7 (by the way, a zero is usually stuck In before the decimal point just to make sure everyone understands it f's a decimal point we are dealing with and not a period or something, and that there are no other digits to the left of the decimal) is

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seven tenths, because the 7 is in the tenths column. 0.93250 is nine- thousand three- hundred and twenty- five ten-thousandths, because the 5 is in the ten-thousandths column (you don't consider zeros to the right of that last non-zero digit, 5 in this case}. 0.035 is thirty-five thousandths be- cause the 5 is in the thousandths column. Using prefixes: 325 milliamps (remember, milli means thousandths} is 0,325 A. The B goes In the thou- sandths column because it is the digit to the right. 37 kitohms {remember, kilo means thousands) Is 37,000. The 7 is the digit to the right and so goes into the thousands column. You'll notice I snuck one in there. 37 kilohms is not smaller than onef Prefixed numbers follow the rule whether larger or smaller than one- Fig, 1 shows an unwieldly number, 86,732,174,626 908761435 {that's 86 bilHon, etc.), with the names of each column written above, just in case you're not familiar with those names. If you wish to test your knowledge, you might try translating that monstrous number completely into words. (Check yourself against the note at the end of this piece,}

You will no doubt recall that the rules for adding and subtracting decimals are pretty simple. You just keep the decimal points directly above and below one another. 3.025 volt* + 765 volts + 0.00096 volts becomesi

3,025 V 765 V + 0.00096 V

You can fill in zeros if you want And note that 765 has an invisible decimal point to its right. Any number in our system has that invisible point if none is showing, and you have to make it visible when doing computations. So you might do the problem;

003.02500 V

765,00000 V

+ 000.00096 V

"7^8.02596 volts

Notice how those decimals are kept in

a stra igh 1 1 i ne*

Subtractions are done pretty much as you might expect. 28,966 milli- amps - 0.00046 milliamps becomes;

28.96600 mA - OQ.Q0Q46 mA

2B. 96554 milliamps

19

Note the zerof w« threw into both those problems. It's often quit£ helpful to throw in or lake out zeros tike that. (Of course, you can't cto it m the mrddle of a number or beti^een the decimal point and some other digits. 706 i£ not the sdJUe as 76. 0,009 is not the sanr^eas 0.9. 73,000 ts not the same as 73U Orily zbfos at the es^treme right Of left can neceive that kind of treatment.

MMltiplyimi ilecimats is simple enough. Just multiply as though there were no decimal point, then count up the number of decimal places in both the numbers you multiplied and add those two counts, That'i how many peaces are in the answer. Eicample: 0.000037 Amps sc 26,000 Ohms might be done simply:

26,000 ?e37

1 8S000

78000

There are no decimal places in 26,000, but there are 6 in 0,000037, So there will be 0 + 6, or 6 places in our answer. It becomes 0,962000, or, dropping those unnecessary zeros to the right, simply 0-962. (Of course, you have to count the 6 places while the zeros are still there,) If that was an Ohm's Law problem, oyr answer is 0 J62 voits.

Decimal division is nnore difficutt. Well do a couple problems and state the rule at the same time. Problem: t8.73 volts ^ 6 J milliamps (remem- ber, that's 0.0069 Amps).

o.oo69rrsr75

Abbreviation P

Prefix pico

Size

tr Itionths

n

nano

bllionths

jf

micro

millionths

m

mini

thousandths

c k

cent! kiJo

hundredths thousands

M

mega

millions

Examples

7 pF mear^s 7 picofarads, 0.000000000007 farads

6 pS means 5 picosecondSp 0.000000000005 seconds

1 ns means 1 nanosecond, 0.000000001 seconds 3 nF means 3 nanofarads, 0.000000003 farads

8 ^F means 8 microfarads, 0,000008 farads

9 (is means 9 microseconds, 0,000009 seconds 6^V means 6 microvolts, 0.000006 volts

A fiH means 4 microhenrys, 0.000004 Henrys

2 mA means 2 milliamps, 0.002 Amps (Amperes)

5 mV means 5 millivolts, 0.005 volts

7 mW means 7 milliwatts. 0.007 Wans

3 mH means 3 mlMihenrys, 0.003 Henrys

1 ms means t millisecond, 0.001 second

6 cm means 6 centimeters, 0.06 meters 9 km means 9 kilometers, 9O0O meters B kV means 8 kilovolts, SOOO voits

4 kW means 4 kilowatts, 4000 Watis

2 ka means 2 kilohms, 2000 Ohms

3 kS means 3 kilobucks. S3000I

5 Mo means S megohms, 5,000,000 Ohms

7 MW means 7 megawatts, 7,000,000 Watts

6 MV means 6 megavoHs. 6,000,000 volts

{n 00069,

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{2) 69.

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ifwisith.

{A) 187300.

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into} the same number of phces to

the right as you did for the divisor.

Add as many zeros to the right as

fi ecessary to do this,

(5) 69)187300.

Rate: Put the prabfem together with these new numbers end set a decimaf point for the answer direcdy above the point in the dividend.

2714.4

(6) 69)1^73000

138

(7)

Tath I. Common Abbreviations and prefixes.

In electronics. If this was an Ohm's Law problem, an answer of 2700 Ohms would be plenty accurate in most cases,

Let*s try arxither problem, in order to see where the last rule applies: 12.6 volte T^ 47 k if ohms (remember, that's 47,000 OhmsK

(8)

453

4S3 ^RIO

69 276

340 276

Rule: Paying no further attention to the decintai point, proceed with the division as you would with any other division, putting each digit of the answer above the fast digit to the right of the digit or digits you /usr divided into.

Rule: If necessary to get a deceit* sized ansvmr, add zeros to the right of the deeiwst paint in the dividends (We added one here, even though it was not necessary.}

Rule: ff ^iplicabte^ M in die space between the decimal point arxi the first digit to the right with zeros, (This does not apply here, but wilf in the next problemj

In the above problem, we stopped dividing after getting one decimal place In our answer. Actual ly, we could ftave stopped 3 tot sooner. Remember (Part I) that you seldom n«ed more than 2- or 3-ciigit accuracy

47,OD0Tl5S

(5) 47000)T2!B"

Ruies: Notice that rules 1, 2, 3, and 4 do not apply, since the decimal point is already to the right in 47,000. This brings us to 5, Band 7. And fwte that to apply 6^ we first must use rule 7, (7) 47000)15:500000 Rule: To get 3 digit accuracy, we have to add $ zeros to the f2M,

(6) 268 47000)12.600000

94000 3 20000 2 82000 ' 380000

376000

Rule: Note where that first digit of

the answer goes (above the last digit

to the right that you are dividing into

that first'Step), Very important! Also

important: Keep digits directly above

or below the correct digits in the

subtractioo process^ That helps avoid

errors.

(S) .000268

Rufe: if you didn't leave that space

for the 3 zeros, your answer would be

incorrect.

Our Ohm's Law answer is 0.000268 Amps, which is 0.26S mill tamps or 2S3 mcroamps.

These divisions can get mighty hairy. That's why next time we'll get into some pretty clever methods for handling divisions and a lot of thinp that are simpty too difficult otfier- wise.

This brings us finally to abbrevia- tions and prefixes. Look over ihe Table 1 above rsfher carefully. There are other abbreviations and prefi»tes, hut these are the common ones. It*ll be quite liseful to have tftcse stashed away in your mind for future refer- ence.

f^ow try this exercise- C^eck your- self against tfie work and answers at tfie end of the column. (1) Solve for the unknown usirtg Ohm*s Law:

(a}750V,330mA,R=*? (b)470 0, t1 mA, E = ? (cj 18 V, 2200 0,l = ? (2} In the same way that we did 7777, break down this number: 1 7.352

NotB

Answer; Eifhl-iix tailMon Mvcrv hundred thirty-two million one hundred tevgntyfaMT thoussod six hundred tw§rrtv-s()t Mnd nint hundred eifht minion seven hundred fixtv- OTue ihoysand four hundred thirty-five billionthgf

Work and Answers to EHsrdsat 750

anal R -

.330

2,275 330)750,000 660 900 660 2400 2310 900 660 240

Ifs best to foiind an$vif«ir out to 2300 Ohnu, (bjE-470KO.OTt

470 x11

470 470 5170

There an 3 dgcim&l pl^oes hn O.OIt, to th* imw«r ra 5 J 70 or 5l1 7 volt^

IS

'^ ' 2200

.ooeia

220011 8.00D0D

17600

4000

2200

leooo

t7600

400

Ans^Hf : 0.0081 B Amps (»r 8 JS ntA.

i2l 1 ten + 7 CH>e$ + 3 tenths ^ 5 hundr«^|hf ^ 2 thoiisBTXtdis, or

10 + 7+— +— + — L 10 100 1000

20

RTTY Loop

Marc A Leavey, M.D. WA3AJR 4006 Wf'niee Road Randaiktown MD 21133

Ham curiosity being what ft is, I'm sure anv of you with HF receivers have chanced across funny-sounding signals on the low end of 80 or 20. By now, you shoutd be aware that the ''tweed le-tweedle-dee" you hear is FSK RTTY. This month we shall investigate, in general terms, methods of decoding transmitted RTTY.

To begin with, recall that there are two methods of transmitting RTTY presently in use: FSK and A FSK.

MARK FflEO

SPACE f^e:o.

FiLTEfi PASSB^riD

When operating AFSK, you are pre- sented with two audio tones, on stan- dard frequencies (2975 Hz and 2125 Hz), regardless of the rf carrier fre- quency. FSK, however, presents two rf "tones*' which, while their relation- ship is standard (850 Hz or 170 Hz apartL niay be any of an infinite number of discrete frequencies.

Logically, our first task is to con- vert the FSK into something stan- dardized for decoding — A FSK I Fig. 1 illustrates how one obtains the proper frequencies. Note that the FSK iS tuned much in the manner of lower sideband, taut that the bfo frequency

USUAL BFO INJECTION FfJEQUENCY FOR LSB

EFFECTIVE BFO INJECTION FREOUENCY FOR RTTY

1615

EI25 Hi OLF.

2975 He DIP.

3655

KH*

Fig. 7.

AUOlO INPUT*

■

SELECTOR

MAONETS

DETECTOR

-w-

KEYER

LOOP

SUPPLY

ng. 2.

IN270

AUDIO INPUT

SELECTOfT MAQNETS

AUDIO OUTPUT TRANSFORMER 4ft'&000il TYPICAL

FOR THOSE REHEMaER ., TUPE!

TOO VOUNG

,.THIS IS A

TO

Fig. 3.

is set to reproduce the 2 kHz tones rather than speech. For those of you with crystal bfos (such as the Heath- kits) ^ a third bfo rock should be used to provide the appropriate offset.

By the way, receiving schemes are available which convert not to audio, but to the receiver i-f frequency, typically 455 kHz^ and demodulate from there. These systems are anal- ogous to those covered here, but will not be specifically discussed.

So, how do you get the ''tweedle- dee" to key your Model 15? Let's take a giant step backward. Re- member ON-OFF keying? I told you that would come in useful! Look at the block diagram in Fig. 2. A tone arriving at the Input is "detected/' i.e., rectified, and applied to a keying stage. The keying stage is an electronic switch that is closed in the absence of a signal, but opens when such a signal is input Feeding an OM-OFF keyed space signal into this primitive con- verter would produce a usable output, or, by keying a relay to invert the signal, on -off mark keying could be used.

Of course, we don't use OM-OFF keying, though, so what can we do? The simplest thing is to tune the HF receiver bfo so that the mark fre- quency is zero beat. The audio is then an 850 Hz {or 170 Hz) ON-OFF keyed space tone, and can be decoded fay the practical circuit shown In Fig. 3. This Is one of the circuits con- structed and used at WA3AJR during the mid'1 960s.

A more advanced approach is to use this basic circuit twice, on both the mark and space signals. By using fiiters tuned to the appropriate fre- quencies, each tone may be directed through a detector, and to keyers which would alternate polarity for mark and space. A special relay, called a "polar relay," can be drivers off this alternating signal to key the loop. This scheme became known as the "W2PAT" converter, after its daddy, and is block-diagrammed in Fig;, 4. With a "combiner" stage added to dispense with the poler relay and key the loop directly, this circuit remains an easy-to -understand way to get into RTTY reception.

Upon this foundation comes a whole raft of demodulator designs. Thoughts and concepts such as Jim iter vs. IJmiterless detectors, AM vs. FM techniques, and multiple other refine- ments have been debated. Additional

#

NEW BOOK

circuits, such as autostart or character recognition, have been tossed about. Lately, an entire new generation of converters based on phase locked loop technology has arisen. Still, the vast majority of hams active on RTTY got their start on circuits such as covered this month. Only after one under- stands the fundamentals can one branch out into new areas. We'll ex- plore some of those branches another time.

A card from Dan Griffith WB0IVJOU was received, asking for a more de- tailed explanation of ''space/' Let's see what I can do.

Consider a wire with a voltage on it. This voltage can be either on or off* We will call the ''on" state "V and the "off" state "0". Now, if we start to turn the voltage on and off in a coded sequence, such as the Baudot teletype code, the line wili demon- strate a pattern of rapidly changing Is and Os. By convention, it has become customary to call the "1" "mark" and the ''0" "space." Although 1 used ON-OFF voltages in this example, it could have been OF PON keying, positive and negative> high and low, or changes En ac or rf frequency. The words "mark" and "space'' denote a logic state difference, just as do "'V and ''0". "Space" has frothing to do with the "space" character on a tele^ type. Any system in which a signal is coded as two state* could have a "mark" and ''space/' even Morse codel

An overview of transmitting circuits is up for next time. Meanwhile, If anyone has specffic points or ques- tions for future columns, ptease send them to me at the above address, or In care of 73.

MARK

DCTECTOR

-w-

FILTER

AUDEO INPUT

SPACE fl FILTER C^

DETECTOR

SHAPER

SHAPER

Fig. 4.

KEVER

POLAR RELAT

TO SELECTOR

MAGMETS

KEYER

m

Hoben Baker WB2Qf£ 15 Windsor Dr. At CO NJ 08004

ARRL 160 METER CONTEST Starts: 2200 GMT Friday,

E^ecember 2

Ends: 1600 GMT Sunday.

December 4

The 7th annual ARRL 160 Meter Contest is open \q at I amateurs on CW onty. Mu I ti -operator work ts per- mitted and scores vvitl be listed sepa- rately in the remil% tstii they will not be eligtblfi for certificates, EXCHANGE:

RST and ARRL section or country. SCOfiiNG:

QSOs with arrtateurt in an ARRL seaion count 2 points; QSOs with amateurs not in am ARRL section are wonh 5 points. DX to OX QSOs do not count Multipligr is the total numbef of ARRL sections (741, VE8, and foreign countries worked* AWARDS:

Certificates will be awarded for section and norvW/VH coumry high scores. Division high scores will have their section award endorsed with an approF>riat€ sea). FORMS:

It is suggested that contest forins be obtained from the ARRL, 226 Main St^ Newington CT 06111. Check sheets are not required, but a penalty of 3 additional contacts will be made for each duplicate contact.

These ruies wBfB takers from fast year's corrtest For complete ruhs, see the Novemb&r issue of QST.

CONNECTICUT OSO PARTY Starts: 2000 GMT Saturday,

December 3

Ends: 0200 GMT Monday,

December 5

Rest Period: 0500 to 1200 GMT

December 4 The Candlewood ARA has moved its 15th CT OSO party frtim the traditionai first of May to the first weekend of December In an effort to find a time when band conditions are favorable and when other events are minimal Phone and CW are con- sidered to be the same contest, Sta^

tions may be worked once on each band and mode. Out^f -state portables and mobiles operating In CT are re- quested to identity themselves as such. Counties certificate will be awarded to each station working all 8 CT countiesL EXCMANGE;

QSO number, RSfT), and ARRL section or CT coiiniy. FREQUENCtES:

SSB -^ 3925. 7250, 14300, 21375. 28540.

CW — 40 kHz up from bottom of each band. SCORING:

Non-CT stations multiply total number of CT QSOs by number of CT counties worked (8 max J. CT stations multiply total number of QSOs by number of ARRL sections and pruv^ inces. Additional DX contacts count for QSO pointy but only one DX muiliptier is allowed overalL Q1QL the Club station, v/il1 be operating CW on odd hours, and SSB on even hours, and counts as 5 QSOs on each band and mode. ENTRIES:

Logs must show category, date, time (GMT), calls, numbers, bands, QSO points, and claimed scores. Enclose a large SASE for results. Send logs, postmarked by Jan. 15, to CAR A, c/o Fred Porter WlVH, 169 Carmen Hill Rd. Nr. 2, New Milford CT 06776.

TOPS CW CONTEST

Starts; 1800 GMT Saturday, December 3

Ends^ 1800 GMT Sunday, December 4 General call is "CD QMF/' Entry classes for singte/muiti-operator. Use 3.5 to 3.6 MHz band only; use low end of band for DX-CW only! EXCHAf^GE:

RST and serial number from 00 L SCORfNGr

Contacts with own country ^ 1 point; each call area in W/K, VE/VO, VK, and UA count as separate coun-

1

L/fiC -4^*1

Dec 3-5

Dec 10-11

Dec 17-1S Dec 31 . . . 1978 . Jan 14 Frt^ll 12 Aug 19^20

ARRL 160 Meter Contest

TOPS CW Contest Alexander Volta RTTY Contest EA Phone Corrtest Connecticut QSO Party ARRL 10 fVtetef Contest EACWCorrti^t HA DX Contest SOWP CW Christmas party Key Night

Hunting Lions in the Air Cont^t

Ten-T«n tniertiational Net Winter QSO Party

^y QSO Party

tries. Comacts with stations in same continent count 2 points, other oarv tinents " 5 points. Contacts with HQ station GW8WJ or GW6AQ count 25 points- Total score is total number of QSO points times number of prefixes worked (as per WPX award rules). ENTRiES:

Send logs to Peter Lumb G3IRM^ 14 Linton Gardens, aufv SaJift Edmunds, Suffotk IP33 2DZ, United Kingdom.

How about some US participation this year? There wasn't a sirt^e entry from North America last year!

ALEXANDER VOLTA RTTY DX CONTEST

Starts; 1200 GMT Saturday.

Decembers Ends: 1200 GMT Sunday.

December 4 Two-way RTTY contacts between stations of the sam© country are not valid. Ail 2' way RTTY contacts with stationi in one's own zone will count 2 points; those outsidie one's own zone count for points in accordance with the exchange points table. All 2' way RTTY contacts made on 7 MHz are worth double; those on 3.5 or 2S MHz are worth triple points. Stations may only be worked once per band. A muttipiier of one is given for each country contacted on each band. Total score is total exchange points times the total number of multipliers times the total the total number of QSOs. Italian bonus points are added last ^ 1000 pomts for each I /IS/ IT contact on all bands. Note: Each US, Canadian, and Austral I a r> District will be considered a separate country 1 Exchange consists of message number, RST, and zone. Use one log per band. Log forms, score sheets and exchange points table are available for IRCs. Logs must be received before Jan, 20, 1978, to qualify {advisable to use air mail). Send logs and score sheets to: A. V. RTTY DX Contest Committee, SSB & RTTY Club, PO Box 144, 22100 Como, Italy.

This contest is open to SWL RTTYers as well, and the same rules apply as used for trar^mltiing sta- tions: a separate results table wtif be made for these entries. Contest awards iriciude calibooks, plaques, books, etc In addition, points and positions achieved in this contest will be valid for inclusion in the "World RTTY Championship" for 1977,

Club station I2LL0 will transntit a special message for 10 minutes at 2350 GMT Saturday. December 3. on 21.100 MHz at 300 Wans 170 Hz FSK, 4S baud^ A special prize will be forwarded each amateur submining a copy of the message transmitted,

ARRL 10 METER CONTEST

Starts: 1200 GMT Saturday,

Dttcimbar 10

Ends: 23S9 GMT Sunday, December 1 1 The contest ts open to all amateurs worldwide. All QSOs must take place on 10 meters, and OSCAR QSOs are valid. Each station can be worked on phone-to-phone and CW-to-CW, and anyone can work anyone. All CW contacts must be made betwei^i 2S.0 and 28,5 MHz, unless working through OSCAR, When operating on 10 meters, please avoid the OSCAR downlink frequencies.

CLASSES:

Entries will be classified as either single- or multiple-operator stations^ Multiple^transmitter stations are not allowed,

EXCHANGE:

Alt W/VE stations will send ftS(TJ arKJ state or province. Othef^ will servd RStT) and consecutive serial number starting with 001, Stations that are not land-based will send RStT) ^T\d ITU Region (I. 2 or 3i. The District of Columbia is counted as part of Maryland.

SCORfNG:

Each completed QSO counts 2 points, or 4 points tf with a W or K Novice. The multiplier is the sum of the total number of states, Canadian call areas (max. 9), ARRL countries (not US or Canada), and ITU regions from no n- land-based stations. Final score is the sum of the QSO points times the total multiplier.

AWARDS:

A certificate will be awarded to the highest scoring single-operator station in each section, Canadian call area, and foreign country, Region awards for non- land-based stations, and awards for multi -operator and Novice stations will be issued if warranted^

FORMS:

It ts suggested that contest forms be obtained before the contest from the ARRL, 225 Main St, Newington CT 061 1 1; Include an SASE. Check sheets are not required, but a penalty of 3 additional contacts will be made for each duplicate contact.

Tb&e rules we/^ iaken from f3st year's contest For complete rules ^ see the November issue of QST.

HUNGARIAN DX COf^EST Starts: 1600 GMT Saturday. December 10 Ends: 1600 GMT Sunday, December 11 (Unofficial) The contest is ^lonsored by the Hungarian Radioamaleur Society and is open to any licensed radio amateur. All amateur bands from ^ to 10 met^^ may be used on CW only. Genera call m ^TEST HA," while Hungarians will give 'TEST WW." Entries may be in any of the following classes: single op, single bend: single op, mtiltt'band; or multi^op, multi- band.

22

EXCHANGE:

RST and continuous serial number from 001, After their signal report, Hungarian stations wiil give a two- letter cx)de for tineir lcx:ation (county) as foilows; BA, BP, BE, BM, BO, CS, FE, GY, HA, HE, KO, NO, PE, SA, SO, SZ, TO, VA, VE,2A.

SCOf^mG:

Each HA QSO counts 1 point. The same station may be worked oniy once per band. Eacin different HA county worked counts 1 multiplier point per band. Final score Is total QSO points times sum of multiplier points from each band.

ENTRIES:

Logs must be made in usual form with summary sheet and signed declaration. They should be matled within 6 weeks after the contest to: Radio Amateur League of Budapest, H-1553 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary,

AWARDS:

Certificates to first place station from each country in each class or

section. Additional places if war- ranted.

1977 CW CHRISTMAS PARTY

The Society of Wireless Pioneers (SOWP) Is planning a membeirship Christmas on-the-air CW QSO Party for the weekend of December 17 and 18, 1977. The party will cover the full GMT period to altow members around the world to participate. This will be the second Christmas on-the-air party held by the Society.

The purpose of the affair will be to give members an opportunity to meet on the air and to exchange Season's Greetings- There will be no formal exchange requirements and no need for members to submit logs, etc.

All members with amateur If censes are being encouraged to take part. The call will be CQ SOWP. While there will be no certificates or other awards given, everyone who takes part will be a winner by having an opportunity to renew old friendships, establtsh new ones, and continue a camaraderie developed over the yems.

Suggested frequencies for the party are 55 kHz up from the tow end of each amaiteur band. Additional infor- mation about this party and the Society can be obtained from the Party Coord iniator, Bill Wiilmot K4TF, 1630 Venus Street, Merritt Island, Florida 32952.

ARRL STRAIGHT KEY NIGHT 0100-0700 GMT Sunday, January 1 Check QST for any changes in the

rules!

Basically, rules require the use of a straight key only. Send "SKN" in- stead of "RST^' during QSOs, to help identify contest stations. On 80-40-20 meters, try 060 to 080 kHz up from the bottom edge of the band. On Novice bands, try 10 kHz up from the bottom of the Novice band. After the contest period, send a list of calls of the stations contacted during the con- test period, plus your vote for the best fist heard. Please maii entries as

RESULTS OF THE TEN-TEN INTERNATIONAL NET SUMMER QSO PABTY - JULY 16-17, 1977

Singh Op stations U.S. District 1

e

0

Mufti-Op:

VE District

1 2

W1MR

346/655

WA1QHS

260/493

WA2YYT

548/1013

K2FW

525/967

W3RJ

1041/1871

WA3YRM

eoO/1 460

K4XS

1046/1897

WB4CHK

716/1315

WA5JDU

555/1057

W5RRR

404/777

WA6LLW

350/641

W6ED

336/638

WB7NCD

443/825

WB7AEB

414/772

WB8FAG

507/937

WB8EDG

253/485

WA9 XF

418/784

WA9PQY

2B4/539

WB0QHV

719/1335

K0JN

632/1 1 78

W9N1N

VE1ASU VE2DZ0 VE2ADZ VE3HHS VE3JHA

501 /925

1 22/229 252/445 t09/206 1 25/233 69/134

4

VE4VV

197/371

VE40Y

116/221

6

VEeBCC

73/139

7

VE7CMK

223/414

VE3CXL/7

39/74

DX

ZF1AK

105/199

KP4DQN

20/39

LU7FAG

86/1 62

LU6DMZ

45/84

DK5UG

11/16

JH3BJG

2/4

JR3GDY

1/2

VK4JP

52/62

CW Winners:

W5SQW

72/93

WB4MWG

23/29

N9DP

8/10

Chapter Winn

ers:

Colorado 10- to 6942/13425

White House

6347/T2U4

Gateway

5599/10819

Bay Area

5634/10653

DeviTs Triangle

\ 4121/7769

Mo-Kan Tenners 3338/6366

CATT

3304/6293

North Georgia

2588/4815

So- California

2458/4636

LIARS

2366/4513

soon as possible to the ARRL^ 225 Main Street, Newington CT 061 11.

WORKED ALL NEW ENGLAND AWARD

For working stations in each of the 6 New England states on 50 MHz band or higher. Endorsements on request for all ATV, SSB, CW, OSCAR, etc. Ail contacts must be on or after Jan. 1, 1976. W/K1 stations work two stations from each state, other work only one station in each state. Send log consisting of date, time, call, name, and state, along with check or money order for $1.50 (DX send 2 IRCs) to: Worked All New England Award, Ronald Pariseau, Chairman, R1 Box 213A, Thompson CT 06277. Make checks payable to Ron Pariseau, Chairman.

TRI-STATE CERTIFICATE

Award is for working stations in the Tn'-States of Connecticut^ Massachu- setts, and Rhode Island, Contacts must be made on or after Jan. 1, 1977. W/K1 stations must work three stations from each state; other call areas and DX stations work one sta- tion from each state. QSLs must be In your possession, but need not be sent with application. Cards may, however, be requested later. Log wiil consist of date, time, ca3f, name, state. The award is open to ail amateurs on alt bands; hand- written endorsements are available on request. Send fogs and $2.00 check or money order to: Tri- State Amateur Radio Club, Award Committee, Box 213A R1 , Thompson CT 06277.

I

I

I I

Alt new

Q

*.'

*",

This CertKieate acknowledges

"*

hat

on

iii=

, has I successfuiif' worked

six

the r^quirei;^ stationsyWn a

^ew/ EnglajMi states

and has gifBlified/ for endorsementfs)

listed below^'TTl V^ 50 MHz and above.

Endorsement

Signed

'I^J^lfJX^I^Xr

RESULTS OF 1977 NJ QSO PARTY

NJ wmaBts:

Bergen

Burlington

Cape May

Essex

Gloucester

Hunterdon

Middlesex

Monmouth

Morris

WA2GM0

tM2MM

W2VIVIX

K2TA

M2GQ

W2GD

WA2NPP

WB2GXR

WA2EPK

2,970

30,690

546

1 2.208

5,292

16,400

64,253

17,697

8,360

Ocean Passaic Somerset Sussex

Union

W82VWW

IS!2SU

WA2EJZ

WB2KBH

WB2FUE

Top out'Of&taie scores: K3UEi E. PA

■W2TIMD/1 NH

W6ZT/3 W. PA

W2FVS NYC- LI

9.328

16,352

1,586

10.896

2.187

3,171 2,000

1.748 1,674

23

Nen/ Products

SINGLE CMOS CHIP MAKES

INEXPEMSIVE 3-3/4 DIGIT

PANEL METER

A new ddditiDn to tl^ Matlonat

Semiconductor data conversion line is the '^ADD370i;' a sir^gle CMOS fnte^ grated cirtuic which requires only 3 displav. art enter nal voltage reference, ami a digit drivef to form a complets 3-3/4 digit DVM (digital voltmeter) that reids up to 3.999 units.

Manufactured using standard CMOS technology, the ADD3701 is an ex- tended-range version of Mationafs "AOD3501" 2% digit DVM iniro- duced earlier this year^ with readings up to 1.999. The additional range of the new DVM chip expands the appli- cations of the device Into areas where a reading of 1.999 isn't high enough, such aA ivet^t measurement on bath- room scales and measurernent of de- grees of rotation or lemperatyfi.

The ADD370t utilizes a tingle five-volt supply to drive a mylilplexed seven-segment output dinectly, and features differential input protection to 200 volts. Overrange condition is displayed by "+OFL" or *'^FL" indi- cation, ciepending ypon whether the input voltage is positive or negative.

The 3701 also features auto-polar- Ity and an on-chip clock that elimi- nates the need for an external signal timing circuit. This internal oscillator can be set by an external RC network, or the oscillator can be driven from an external frequency source.

When using the external RC net- work, a square wave output is ava it- able. It is important to note that great care has been taken to synchronize digit miltipiexing with the A/D con- version timirig, to eliminate noise from power supply transients.

A pulse modulation ana log-to- dig itai conversion method is used, requiring no external precision com- ponents. The seven-segment outputs are capable of deliivering up to 40 milliamps per segmenL making the ADD3701 ideal iv suited to drive 0.5- inch and D,7'{nch common cathode LED displays. The price of th« model

"ADD370rCCN" is S11.95 when purchased in lots of 100. Deltvery is from stock. N&tfofmf Sem/coniifuctorf 2900 Semiconducmr Drive, SantB Claat CA 95051.

THIRD HAND

That's what you need when you are working on PC boards — they just won't hold still. One of our readers out in Hawaii came up with a little clamp arrangement Iwhtch is being marketed by a firm in California) called the 3rd HarKl^ You clamp one part of it to your table, anything from 3/4*' to \W' ttiick, and then clamp the other part of the gadget to the PC board. There is a piano hinge between the two parts so you can flip the PC board over and work on both sides.

It selfs for S6.9S plus postage, lax, etc. 3ni Hand, Box 60579, Sacra- nmnto CA 95860.

TERMINAL STRIPS FOR PC BOARDS

The TS series of tBrminaJ strips p^rovides solderless term mat ion of wire leads via positive screw-activated clamping action. Strips are available with 4, B, or 12 positions, and accommodate wire sizes 14-30 AWG ill 80. 25nnm), Pins are silver-plated brass, *040 inch (1mmJ diameter, on .200 inch (5mml centers. Featurra include unbreakable polyamid bodies and consecutively numbered ter- mlnats. Rated 10 Amps at 300 V. In stock for immediate delivery from O.K, Machine and Tooi Carparation, 3455 Conner Street, Bronx, New York W475.

SYNTESTSl-101 FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER

The Syntest Corporation Model SI- 101 frequency synthesizer provides excel ient general purpose performance at low cost Typical applications for the Synteat SM01 instrument include use as a calibration standard for test instrumentation, as a precision pro- grammable clock for systems use, and for the alignment of active filters.

Syntssr*s Model Si*fOl frequency synthesizer.

The Model SI-101 features 4% digits of resolution from 0.1 Hz to 16 MHz. A high stability internal reference oscillator, i 10 PPM over the temperature range O-SO"* C, and fast programmtng highlight this versatile instrument The synthesizer provides a continuously edjustable 50 Ohm TTL output. The unit Is completely solid state and incorporates a rugged power supply for high reliability.

Power requirements are 115 or 230 V X, rear panel switch selectable, at 5 W maximum consumption. The Sl- tOI is housed in an attractive 8.50'' W X 3.20" H X 9.00" D enctosure.

An industry standard RETMA rack mount adaptor, as well as a ±1 PPM reference oscillator^ are offered as op- lions. Custom configurBtlons are avail- able from the factory.

Price of the Syntest SI-101 fre- quency synthesizer is S459.00 in unit quantities and availability is stock to 30 days. Synt&st, 169 Miifham Street, Mariboro MA On$2.

NEW 1978 RADIO SHACK CATALOG -2S9 ISSUED

The new 1978 Radio Shack Cata- log, the company's 30th corLsecutive issue, is now available from Radio Shack stores and dealers , rtatiomwide.

The 1&4<-page catalog includes 100 full'CoLor pages ctescribing the company's exclusive line of products for home entertainment, hobbyists, CBer^, and experimenters.

An insert card in the catalog intro- duces RadJO Shack's new TRS-80 Microcomputer System, which, ac- cording to Radio Shack president Lewis Kornfeld, is "the most imper* tant product ever offered by Radio Shack/'

"The TRS-80's importance," Korn- feld stated, "goes far beyond the mere design, constructionp and sale of the fine piece of electronic merchandise. Primarily, it signifies the dawn of the microcomputer age in respect to avail' ability and affordability to ordinary people, schools, and businesses every-

Nstlomf Semtcof^dvctor's ADD370t singie CMOS chip.

•pSE-

24

where, even for personal yse and entertainment.

"Secondarilv, the TRS-SO should convince mi I Marts of folks that Radio Shack IS 3 technological company as well 35 a marketing company."

The new catalog also includes coupons offering two Supenaps* either reehioreeip 8-track cartridge, or cassene, for the price of one, two PBox kits for the price of one, and any of the company's project boards for half price.

Among the new items introduced in the data 1 00 are 40 channel Realistic C3 two-way radios and a setectton of electronic calculators ranging in price from S8.88 to SI 09.95 for a recharge- able printing calculator with full memory.

The new catiiog also lists hundreds of specialized electron ics items, parts and accessories, tools, tubes, semtcon- ductors. wire and cable, intiH'COms, microphones, timers, batteries^ and a complete library of Radio Shack's own books on electronics and related subjects.

Radio Shack's 1978 Catalog -289 is available free on request from Radio Shack stores and dealers, nationwide*

Radio Shacl<, a division of Tandy Corporation (NYSE), has more than 6,000 stores and dealers in ail BO stales and Canada, and near I y SOQ stores overseas operating under the name Tandy International Electronics^ Tandy CorparBtion^ 261? WBSt Sgvmth Street, Fort Worth TX

CLEGG COMMUNICATIONS PROFILE

It was a nice day in early May^ a nice day to take a ride from Valley Stream, New York, where I was staying, to a more pleasant place. Early In the morning, I drove into Brooklyn to pick up Larry, who had agreed to leave his homemade com- puter for the day and act as my photographer on this assignment. Our destination some 90 miles away - Lancaster, Pennsylvania, the home of Ciegg Communicatior^ and Ihe man behind the name, Mr. Edward T. CI egg W3L0Y,

The three-hour ride from Brooklyn gsve us a chance to reminisce about the old days, the time when VHF meant siie meter AM, a tlrne when Clegg reigned supreme. I car^ re- memher it as if it were yesterday, though it^s rsow over 16 years ago. t remember my very first transceiver — a rather pretty gray and white box that ran 7 Watts at 100% modulation and featured a super sensitive state- of-the-art (of that day) receiver that gave the popular receiver/converter combinations a good run for the moneV' I remember placing this tittle box atop Larry's SX-28 and Techcraft converter to make a comparison, I can even pkiiure the expressions on our faces wtien we found ttiat the trans- ceiver could hear as wetl as the Tech- craft SX 28 comlDo, Not a very scien- tific test I will admit, but for a pair of teenagers, it was all we needed to be convinced. The radio we literally fell In love with was known as the 99er, and It came from the man we would soon see. The Clegg 99er - a radio

tt^t seit the industry and six meters both on their proverbial eari^ es- pecial iy when it came on die market at a price that was half of anything comparable.

The 99er was not the first radio from Clegg, nor was it to be the Ian- Fact is, Ed Clegg was designing and marketing VHF communication equipment for amateur use well be- fore most of the competition con- sidered it fashionable. The 99er was my first personal exposure to the famous "Clegg line/' a Une of amateur VHF equipment that down through the years has always managed to stay a jump or two ahead of competitors^ There was the Thor VI - 60 Watts AlVI with a VFO that automatically tracked the transmftter to the recervef tcommonpiaOT today In HF and VHF SSB, but this was the early sixties and six AM}. 5SB came to six In the mid-sixti^. and one of the first entries was the Venus and Its matching ApoUo fin^f amplifier. And who can ever forget the Cadillac of VHF — the radio twins that meant you were on the top - the Clegg Zeus transmitter artd matching Interceptor receiver.

Whan we found FM and two meters^ Clegg had already discovered It The AM 22er gave way quickly to the 22er FIVI, which eventually itseif gave way to the first fully synthesized radio to hit the US marketplace <- the famous FM-27, 27A, and 27B. These radios, five to seven year^ o'd, stiU bring a pretty penny at resale tima The FM*27 %&t'\es of radios was de- signed to last as long as two meters lasts, regardless of what band plan or spilt may be in use. It would wofk anywhere, and thai sold tt. Soon though, in many cities, two meters was bulging at the seams with activity. What to do? Move up, up to 220 MHz. Again, Clegg was first with his FM-21, a radio that used but one crystal to get both the transmit and receive channels. The FM-21 that . . , we're here . . . Che time has flown.

IVot one to tarry, Larry set to work photographing everyone and every- thing in sight while I sat down to eyeball with Ed. We spoke of many things — pending mlemaking, the ARMA organization that Ed is a member of, and finally, the ojrrent line of equipment No matter How much or how little yoy have to spend, there is a radio in the Ciegg line to fill your need, AM has given way to FM, and the entire line shows this. Two meters? We start with the IVIK-3 - fifteen Watts and twelve channels in a neat iittle box that comes complete with mlc, mic hanger, and mounting bracket The receiver is double conver- sion and the price is well under the $200 mark.

Want to be able to work any

channel yoy desire and never have to purchase a crystal? Clegg has two radios that will meet your criteria. At around the S3S0 mark, there is the FM'28. For your money, you get full t44 to 148 MHz coverage, LED read- out, €00 kHz up/down for repeater use, option of other offsets, 5 kHi split ability for repeaters on tertiary channels, and one of the best sounding transmitters found on the air these days.

Top of the Clegg 2 meter line is the FM-DX, a radio that has become a legend in its own time. Fully digitally synthesized with 40 Watts out and coverage from 143.5 to 148.5 MHz, letting the owner work MARS servicei if he is so associated, along with every other feature that the avid two meter FM enthusiast might v^nt (except a butlt-in tone pedK the FM-DX is a radio appreciated by many discrimi- nating amateurs. It's not Inexpensive, but even at its approximate $600

price, it's well worth the money. Those amateurs vifho own the FM-DX will settle for nothing else. That says a lot in itseif.

Not that two meters m the only interest of Ed Clegg and his company. Two meters in many places is gettir>g really crowded. With an eye to the future, about five years ago Clegg was the first on the market with a 220 MHz radio designed and priced for the

Continued on page 55

Phovat by Urry Livy WA2INM

£d O&gg — servicing wf$st h9 seift.

WASiTF €fm the wor1d*s targesi coHection of FM-DXs^ aif ready for delivery.

One of the complete service faciUties et Cf egg's Lancaster PA factory.

2S

Looking H/est

8iit P&stemak WA6ITF 24B54C Newhafi Ave. N^whsU CA 9^321

Ths f>ews about 21033 first re^hed this area at about 7:30 pm on the evening of Septembef 23, in the fomn of a lettphon© call from Jay O^Brnen W6G0 to Jim Hendefshot WA6VQP. current SCR A chairman. It took everyone quiie by surprise.

THE B(G CHANGE IS ON TWO

Probably of most significance to the average ham is the deregulation of a second subband on two meters for relay communication. This does not mean that repeaters must be placed In the segment from 144.5 to 145.5 MHz. Rather, it gives ustheopfro/r to do so if we wishv In deregulating this new ^ubband, the FCC has aiarined many of the amateurs who specialise in other aspects of MHf. such as SSB, EME ex peri men tat ion, and local AM rag chewing. Needless to say, these people have been less than enthu- siastic about thi5 change, and in some areas organized non-FM groups have already declared ^wsr^' on any attempt to channelize this portion of two meters and assign repeaters to it. While no FM ^oup wants such a confrontation to develop, rt is likely to happen trt some places.

Coord ina^tors probably face their biggest challenge yet Not only must they deal with the needs of those amateurs involved In relay communi- cation, but they also will have to come to terms with non-reiayHanented groups. Remember, during the earty days of coordinaiion, councils were dealing for the most part with spec- trum that W3S usually vacant and unused.

Gro^ips of amateurs involved in non-relay communication have banded together over recent years in an effort to preserve their special interests and help foster the growth of »jch interests. A well-known and suc^ cessful Texas organization of this kind is Sidewinders On-T wo. Here in Southern Caltfomla, we now have a local chapter of SWOT, and this ofgani nation has been growing. To do well, the coordinator of today must deal with the needs of the non-relay- onenied ainateurs on a basis equal to that of tho^ involved in FM relay communicatron.

TWO METER BAND PLANS

lr» the five days since the deregula- tion, several potential band plans have been proposed. There is the right- stde-up 20 kHz plan with builtin protection for non-FM interests, al- ready adopted by the Northern Ama- teur Relay Council at a meeting on 9/25/77, at least two 30 kHz ptans following the system used between 146 to 148 MHz (with the only difference between the two being which way the 15 kHz splits will go), and, finaMy, the proposal that 100

kHz translators, rather than repeaters, should be coordinated within that spectrum so as to be compatible with existing and future activity^ Only the NARC 20 kHz pian and the translator Idea take any great pains to protect the interest of already existing activity. The other plarrs seem to look out mainly for the welfare of those irwolved tn repeaters.

As outlined by Jay O'Brten W6GD, here is the MARC plan, atong with their reasons for adopting it: There would be twenty repeater channels with 600 kHz input-output spacing. 144,9 through 145.1 MHe would be left open for direct (simplex] com- munication of any kind* Repeater inputs would be 144.51 through 144.89 MHz. Repeater outputs would be 145.11 through 145.49 MHz. Channel spacing would be 20 kHz.

Rationale: 1) since the FCC did not allow the Technician SSB activity to relocate to 144.0 MHz, the present activity at 145.0 MHz is respected by the provision of the 200 kHz r>on-FM bind; 2) ehannd spacing was selected to provide 20 completely usable channels qi>aced 20 kHz. instead of 26 unsatisfactory channels spaced 15 kHz — they were persuaded not to repeat the 15 kHz spacing error made in the 146 to 148 MHz band: 31 input low was chosen to place possible intermodulation products in the re- peater band rather than in the 144.0 to 144.5 or 145.5 to 146 MHz seg^ ments.

As far as "band pians'' go, this is the first to be adopted by any coord i nation group. It's a good one tech- nological I y speaking, and tries to serve the needs of the non FMer. To date, it's the only one that has met with any degree of acceptance from the non-FM amateur community.

While NARC went out of Its way to give protection to non FM interests, not everyoriie has. For instancej a plan similar to the NARC plan calls for the same 20 repeaters, the same 200 kHz in/out separation, and the same 20 kHz spacing between systems — but it also specifically channelizes 144^9 to 145.1 again on a 20- kHz- bet ween- channels basis for FM point- to point communication aniy. This is a selfish attitude, and one that any sane co* ordinal or must avoid liWe the plague. Adoption of channelized FM opera- tion in the 144.9 to 145J spectrum

would iead to wars.

There has b^i^n but one good 30

kHz plan to date. It calls for 30 kHz between systems, 600 kHz between Input and output. Inverted 15 kHz channels for additional repeaters, and a non-FM simplex band between in- puts and outputs. The major problem with this Is twofold. First, white yielding a total of 26 possible addi- tional repeater pairs, past experience has proven that 15 kHz splits, even when inverted, are marginal at best. The 15 kHz split was bori> out of necessity in the 146 to 148 MHz spectrum, when we ran out of 30 kHz

pairs. The east coast went right-side^ up, placing the selectivity burden on the user's receiver, while out west we went inverted, feeling that it was easier for repeaters to solve these problems than for thousands of users. Time has proven us right, and even the ARRL now endorses the inverted plan. However, since we have a chanoe to do it right this time, why rwi do it right? 30 kHz with IS kHz splits gives quantity, but wouldn't we do better with 20 quality systems?

THE LINEAR TRANSLATOR ISSUE

Do we really need more 2m FM repeaters? Here In Southern Cali- fornia, and in some Texas circles as well, consideration Is being given to the implementation of coordinated 100 kHz linear translators compatible with any and ail modes of operation that any amateur might want to U»S. Unlike with channelized repeater operation, translators permit an ama- teur to "roam free/' VFO-cont rolled, to locate the person or persons he mtay choose to QSO with.

In essence, a translator Is a wide band repeater that has the ability to *'repeat" irKiividual signals it hears in one given segment of spectrum, on an individual basis, to a specific point within another given segment of spec- trum. A good example of this is the OSCAR satellites. These spacecraft contain translators which listen on 430 MHz Of two nwters and "repeal" rndmduaf signais heard back to Earth on either two meters or 10 meters, depending upon tfie mode in which the OSCAR is functioned.

Translators In the amateur service have previously been crossband, like OSCAR. Are in-band translators pos- sible for a 600 kHz separation be- tween input and output? Exports dis- agree, it would be a challenge worthy of amateur radio pioneers*

220: TWO METERS, YOU'RE NOT ALONEI

While this der^ulation will not affect 220 in many peaces for a while* here in Southern Caiifornta we are already into multiple coordinations in that band. For some time* the SCBA has been under pressure to start the coordination of repeaters below 222.30 MHz. There has ^so been an opposing pr^sure from non-mpaater groups such as the Los Angeles 220 Association. So where do we put all the link and control channels wanted on 220? Them is no room on 450 for them, and there is already a lot of money tied up in equipment- Southern California already has over 300 repeaters operattonal on 146 and 220. Just how many more systems are needed, anyhow? Every week^ the SCR A gets at least a half dozen requests for repeater frequencies on 146 or 220. Most of these requeits are for wide coverage systems rather than the local type (which are really what are needed). Where do you put them? What do you say to them? When will it end?

On 220, simplex is alive and weM in the form of the 220 Rag and Tech Net. These chaps are determined to

perpetrate the current SCR A band plan. They make no bones about it; they will not accept further relay operations, other than remote base stations which are compatible with simplest. At prseni, they are about equal In number to the repeater en- thusiasts, and just as technologicaHy <»mpetent. The SCR A and 220 sim- plexers have been getting along well with each other so far. This may be an area in which the translator concept might work. This problem is already in the hands of Tom Rutherford's SCR A 220 Technical Committee and the delegates of the 220 simplex group.

WHEREAS 450 IN ALL THIS? With the emphasis on two meters and 220, the simultaneous deregula- tion of 420 to 450 MHz has been lost in all this. What about 450? What will happen there? The Southern Cali- fornia Repeater and Remote Base Association, which coordinates the 420 to 460 MHz spectrum, has issued no comment to date. The unofficial Input indicates that linle will change, UHF relay enthusiasts seem quite elated at the deregulation aspects of portable and mobile operation of auxiliary link stations, as this is impor- tant to successful remote base system operation. Otherwise^ local UKF people involved in relay communica- tion tiave been very silent on the entire issje.

GOODBYE WR

I can still remember the verbal abuse aimed at the FCC in the early '70s when we found out that we had to get a special WR call for our repeaters. We hated them at first . . . but . . . lo and behold , . . rwDw that the time has come to place them to rest , , . what's this? . . , abuse again'

THE FINAL WRAPUP

Obviousiy, this has been written In great haste. It's been based upon personal contacts with amateurs around the nation as well as here in California. If it seems to cfwell on what California faces and how it's meeting the new challenge that is inherent to this deregulation. It's only because California really typifies what is probably happening nationwide. Since I am part of it, it is easier to be accurate in writing about it. I am sure that in these pageSi now and In coming months, you will be reading much about the feelings of others on all that has transpired.

If i seem down on repeater ex- pansion, it's only because I really wonder just how many repeaters any one area needs to serve its amateur population.

Perhaps it's time that we amateurs take another step forward and do something truly constructive, some- thing that amateurs generations from now will look back upon with pride. Whether It be translators or some other exotic device not dreamed of yet. the FCC has given the amateur of 1977 a chance to be again looked upon as ths technological commit nicstron leader. It's in our hands.

26

K

Vtat l$Ha

It's that time of year again . . . plan your holiday gift giving and hope that the gift you select is the right size and shape and color for the receiver as well as the right price for your pocket- book . - - You're reading 73 now . . . You know what a big, thick informative magazine it is . , , And there wiU be no siae, shape or color problem . . . The price is right too! Twelve issues for only $15, And well reduce the pric« of the

em A Gift

That Kaps Gcvinq AtP

Gilt SubAmptim

second and third gift one year subscrip- tions too < . . Only $14 per year for the second gift subscription and only $12 per year for the third gift sub. Think about it, aH those articles, projects and Wayne's provocative editorials to boot. And all those ads with bargains, bar- gainSf bargains!

c

ertainly one {or more) of your friends is interested in hamming

and would appreciate your thought- fulness in arranging for a copy of 73 to be delivered to his mailbox every month for a whole year. Not sure if your firend is a subscriber or not? We'll check for you ... Be sure to include the call letters if at all possible. For notification of your gift to reach its destination before Christmas* please mail your subscription orders to us no later than December 5th.

ANY HAM who's hinting can give this ad to a friend as a "friendly reminder" of what he really wants for a gift.

YES, I WANT TO GIVE 73 MAGAZINE ONE YEAR

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Sign the card(s) as foiiows:

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27

FCC

DOCKET 21033

1. Repeater, auxiliary (ink and con- trol itations eliminated^

^ Immediate freeze on filing re- peater, ayKJIiary link and comrol station license applied ions. ^ Applications for ndw repeaters on fi!e dismissed^

2. Portable and mabjle operation of auxiUary links approved.

3. No more "WR" catlsigns for sta- tions in repeater operatiofih

4. Stations operating as repeaters hiipe to idafitify with the word "re- p«tter" on phon« or the lattan "RPT'* on CW, in addition to the station callsign.

5. Stations operating m auxiliary links have to identify wtth the word "auxiliarv" on phone or the letters "AUK" on CW, rn addition to the station calisign.

& JD interval Inereafid fmnr B to 10 minutes.

7i Transmissions from open-access automatical ly^controlled repeaters need no longer be monitored or re~ corded.

8. 144.5-T45.5 fAHt and air fre- quencies above 220 f^Hi made avail- abtt for repeats n (except 435-43S

9. Technicians given prrvtieges on 144,5-145,0 MHz.

10. No action on priority in fre- quency use, erp,

PAIfF §7— ^MATTUft RADIO SEftVTCC

SimpHtypng the Ucsnilnc «ncJ Operation of Complejc System* of SUtioin and Modi- fying Repeate^r Sitfadiiida Ifl ^^ Amflteur RidEO Service

AGENCY: Ftderft] Cwnmanlcatlocia

ACTION: HneJ riiks.

SPMMARY: The FCC Is TevieiiiH Ita ojnateur radio rult-a to elinirlnfite' sep&- rate licenses for repenter. eiiKllliiry llnJc. An4 coatrot stations, We &re abo aUo- Cfttlng Ei^jditional frci^uciicles for oma- t«iLr npeater opcratton. imd we ftjre mAitins miEior icvlsttHis oT the nilei con* cemlAf lo^,gmg and IdentiftcnUaa foi- ■tttiofi*? in. x^pemi^r opermtJoD mud n- taoU^ ctmlztiUed sUtkm«. Adoptkm of ttMM ruin vfn ftSionS uewteur ^ceomm gnaMMS IksdbUll^ tn thtii operatlocBL

aUPFJ-EMENTAHY INFORMATION:

In tl» m»t%er of DtnvuiAttoc of P&rt 0T of th« Osftintaslal'a Buln Vo MmpUfy Hm UG«natiiy and (^Mimtion of complCE ■jrftems sjul ttatkna Aiid moditj i-e- pcftter ffublififidB to th« Amftteur E^dio 6ftrvic« (Docl££l 21033. HM-aSH. EM^ 2780), Report and Order (Proceeding Tenninat«lJ,

Adopted; Septflmber 2L 1977, Released: September ai. 1077.

W»ilT I^ ThC BikCKGAOVHa OF

This FTiocEEDmo?

1. In a Notice of Inquiry and Kotlce of Proposed Rule Making in Doclcct 21033 released Januarj' fi, 1911, 41 PR 2009 ili77^ ths CommlaaiQii Kcted putlaDr In rmpcmse to rule makinK neUUons RM- aSH and RM-27B0. i^ttbiiitttiKl by Hssis. Oordon Schleslncer fiod WiUlam F Kd- •9 aad llie MlddM Atlinuc FM and

tr, ft»d m^uskBs on it« own mouodi. Ttw Ciiiiunta&toa proposed s^utHtAntiAl t«- vUkUQA to F&rt B7 ol lie Rules, 41 C^JL tT.l, et^ mm^ conecnitEis Uie Hfwtfc*tf*p

uid open^iioa of mieAter. »y:KJll&r^ Jjnk^ ftsd co^trt^ stAtSoos tn Iht Anwt«tir ha- dlo Service, Dtber propoiak concerned Uie licensing and c^persttrai of remotely ooRLroUed BtaAAona in the Amateur Serv- ice. Comments on our proposal* were due no later than Aprtl 1, 1&7?, fleply com- menta w&re due no later than April 15.

IfTT. Hie deodliBe for tlie miEindi^cin of teply (SEDmAitfl vu isuteBeqiwnyr ex- teodsd t& Uic Chief or the CommiMSmi'ft Safetr and Special Radio 5ervir«i Btj- t*au to April 29, 1&7T, We are now pre- pm-cd to tAke action on ouf proposiiB iji thlfl proceeding.

What Wehi Thi Comi^is&ion's

Specific P31OF09AL9?

2. In our Notice olliiqulry and Notice of Proposed Rule Making In thj» proceed- Inar^ wo made a number of propo9ftU con- cernlriir the licensing tmd operation of compkx flyatemg of stations In the Ama- beuT Service, which, if adopted In their entlretT. would have had a wlgnlflcapt impACt on amateur Uc«n«kir BrleU^ iFummarlxed, owe propcsal^ In Do>eket 31033 yi?vt» aji follows:

m. We proposed to eliminate «#p*t^t^ Il^xnm for rtpeoter. aiutm*ry link, and control stations. OpemilooA now eim* ducted hj ittdi statknis «oiUd be per- muted aU rennslnkif amabeitc ttMUoat ^thout prior Commtoaton ftpiniova] %m- ds nffK formA of station pperaUon to be koovn at "repeater DpenUOQ" and "iiu^ muf opemtiim''.

k We protJOeed no tonier to require that an applicant irishlng to operate a r»diiO fttnotelj- controlled station obiam prfor Coaaiii&skm autJiorl^atlon.

c. We propoa«d to permit portable and mobile operation by atatlona In ausdlUr^- operation. tAuitlUary link st&ilona nre preflently restricted to operation from a fixed location J

d. We proposed to dlBContlnue tho la- Buance. In most Instances, of Cfcll algns with "^WR" preflxefl to atatlont to re- peater oper^Utm,

f . We proposed to require ^at station.'! in repcAter and euxlllar? operation traiiamlt dlslincilTe «taUoii identiHea- lloni.

f . We proposed to increa« ihe mini* mtim tntenra] at which otaUcms In re- peater dpetmtlim must Identify from fire to ten iflirnrtgf.

t, Wt propcBed to dekte the current nc|tttnsieiil tiut b^rwuifawtiona from vCa- tjtons m repeater operation under auto- matic control either be recorded or mom- tored tn real Ume fcj a dutj control op- era tor.

h. We propos^ed to require that the lo£S of aU remote!;: contFoQed stations con- tain a list of all aothorl3s«d control op- eratort.

I. We prapoft&a to require thnt a phmo- copj^ of the remotely controlled etatlon license and a Itst of authorized control operators be posted consplcuouA^y at the r^moteljf controlled transmitter jilte and

the utabloti location of each control op- erator and be carried by c^H contrai op* em tor operating a remotelj^ controlled atation from a portable or ffMSbile control point.

j. We propo«ed to require that the an- tenna or mABt associated with a reilK3<te- tr coairolle^l tzsiiBiiitiB bear a durable tac. marked with the remotely cootroOed staChRl eill vtin. and the namrE of the gm^kto. Uemmm and all autboriaed oon- trd opetatofe-

^ We proposed to make alt aothoHaed amateur frequencies, except 435 to 438 MHz, available for repeater and auxilLary operation^

L We proposed a new rule itatlnK that a station, occupying a frequency ha^ prl- orlts^ In its. Ufie over other stations, aiid thol D.11 f reqiiraieiK In the Ajnateur Serv^ ice mtijit be shared,

m, FLiii^lly, we requested comments concerning present and future anti^l- patod Interference patternji. the ndc- fiuacjr of current techniques for keeping interference to a minimum^ and tJii^! ade- OuacjT of pre^tent voluntary sperlrum manaRemenI fiystem^. We also ajiked for comments conceminE the utility of the Uraltatloiu OG the effective radtateii power (ISRPi of stations in repeater op- erattoa contained in Section f T^iT of the Rula.

WiiT Dm Wa Maxx TtiE$e PiwvoAUia? t. Our purpose tn i£suinc the Notice of Proposed Rule Making in XhH proceed* tov waa 10 continue the relasnition of amateur regulaltons goverainc the U* cefuUns and operation ol contt^ex aj^ tema of statiom. We ataled in our Notice that since adoption in 1973 of reyulatlona govern In R the licencing and operaUon of rei>eater and a&fia€:lat^d Etatlotm, ^Report and Order. Docket Id-BOS. 37 FCC 2d 225 USTS) ) . we have become Increaainiil? convinced that amateur hcenseea could

develop and operate complex syatema ol itationB with a miTiimiim of Commlsctoa regulatloii. Accorlnily, In 1974 we began reducinff the unnecesssiT btutletu Im- posed on Itcetisees of repeater and a4»o- dated atatlooa^ In a setim of mlemaklnR [iFOceedlace, we deleted the requirementa that certain technical data be aubmiited with appUcatlons for repeater and re- motely controlled ata lions and relaxed the rules to permit the Unkings automatic control, ami crotiband cpearaUon of re- peater itatkma. This proceeding ks. In part, an attempt to provide amateur operator* even greater flexibHitF in their opera tiona and to create a more favor- able regulatory atmosphere for ilic Ama- teur Radio Serv^lcep

Who C0M»af7T£a oh Oust Pt^oFOfiALs?

4. We received 88 timely commentd in reapojise to our Notice of Propoaed Rule Making. Of thesCj 34 were aubmlttcd by clubJs or other oraanisatlon^. We received two timely reply commexiti. T^fenty-four comment* and one reply comment were received too late to be considered In ityit proceeding,' A IL-it of those ffubmtttln* timely commentA in response to our No- tice !■ contained In Appendix I.

WMAf Dia^ TtiOSl COMMEKttSS Q^ OtV

Fkikmau Bat?

5. Hie Elumber (rf' comment! we re- ceived makea it impoaaiiiiie to titicuse each cfHnment individually. Sach comment has been read and caref ullj evaluated by yw Dommitalon'ft itafT. however, Mo«t vt the commentc received supponedi aome aspecu of ottr proposals but oppoitd oliiers. In general, exposition waa sreat^ est to the major propoeala. The leaa BignlAcant proposals were generally fa- YOred. In capnule form^ the commentii on our proposials were along the&e linesr—

a. Most faspondenta argued tliat iep- arate llcenBeA for repeater statiom fihould be retained. To eliminate .lepfirate repeater atation licenses would. It was alleged, encourage "pirate'* or "fly^by- night"'' repeater nUfctons, end, in the words of T-MARC permit ""^an^* amateur ta cai a moment's iiotice, decide [sic t to operate a* a repeater," Commente. The MM- Atlantic FM and Repeater Council at L Others stated that o]ieration of a i^ieats' itattOD to a iOtoiB and often ejcpCTslve matter, and tbat effective speeinim managemeut plaiminr and co* ofdinallon reijuire that an amateur be traced OQ notice, by means of a separate repeater atatlon ti£en£e application, that "somethlnf more than H^ grant of a fiimple appiiCatlofi Is req^iired." Com- ments. American Radio Relay Leajue, Iiiicorporated <ARRL) at 15/ On the other hand, our proposal to delete sep- arate Uccnsef for QLUxUlary link and con* tfol stations and create anotlier form of amatem- operation known as "auxiliary operation" met with general approval. Pew comments «peclflcally addressed the prtt posed delptlon of the requirement that authortr>atlon from tile Commission be obtained before remote control opera- tion 15 und ertaken, but of tho^e thu t did. moat approved-

b. Our propwal to permit ausUlary operation from control points in portable and mobile operation was nearly unani- n!tou«I^ accepted. Operators of remotely controlled base ttatiot^ were particu- larly enthmiiaitJc. bemuse adoption of this pTopoaal vonld permit them to op- sate ti^eir remotely controlled staUone from portable and mobUe iDcatlcms, a p^ajctice not currently allowed,

c. Host of our respondents wybed to retabn dlsUncttve call signs for eteUone 'm repeater operation and xcqueated thnt the practlea o< lasumg call signs prefixed by the letters **WR'" to $uch station^ be eontmued, wheUier or not such stations are actually Uoensed as repeater atatlone. Tlie AHRL. among others, argued that a difitincUve call slfiit for a station In re- peater operation is necessary to let ihoee monitoring know a station In repeater operation l» on the frequency^ Because most commentd favored diiftincine call signs for a rations In repeater operation, they oppo-^cd any other form of special Identification for st^ tlons In repeater op* eratloo, aithou^ there waa iiotiM sup- port for requlrlnff a auiticp tn auxUlary operaLion to trmnsmlt a distinctive bden-* ^fiealtot. Otir proposal to incr^M from fire to tma. minute the tTMi^^^rmtim iattt- operatloci to iransmit a difftincttre Iden*

«jccrptJag QMonun'ta in rut« nukHiy pnoewg* tbga mHm tto» etimracait due dmte wm r<c*ntijr be]d Ui bft |L Tlolmtlon at SectlDn 1.418 ot the nxLltm. Home So£ 0#ce, Inc. v Federal

CommunicattCfu CommlsiiGn, -Fid "

(DC Clr- IFtt).

*Thft AKEL'i Comments Iti tlile prPCWHtf* Ing wet* ffllte lat* t^ut. wtPt {L(?eoanphri,te>d bj K Motlan tiO Accept Lit# fiitu Comnii'nTA. we UTi? nr Anting i.tifl areL's MQiion.

tion mu0t tdentlfjr «as widely sujiporteil in the comments..

d. Tlie vKt majority of our r^pond- eni$ urged the Commission to adopt ttw proposal to delete the requirement tJDttt transmfesj-ons from open access automat-* imnj eoQtrolled etatliini la repeater op- eration either be reconfed or monltcatd m real time. Many of the oHnm^oits went furtlier, hevever. and offered a suHestton mt«kl« the scope of this pro- ^edfog^ nasnely, that stations tn repeal er operation be ^wmpted froan the tbtti! party traffic loggtnff requirem^tE of See* tlOfi 97.103 (bMa> of the Rules. Not bo modify third party trafSo logging re* QUlrements for open aceesa euiomatl* caUy controlled gtailons in repeater op- eration would f in the words of the ARh!u "render the Commission's proposed re- laxation ' * * a nullity In terms of prac- tical appllcatlot) • • *," Reply Com^ ments, ARRX> at 0,

e. Our proposals to modify sltehtlj? the loggmg requlremenCa for remotely con^ trolled stations, to rttiiiire the p^ieUng of certahi InformatkH al the nanotely con^ tmUed traosmltter ttte, and to recuire that a dttrabk tag beadng certain data be attactied to the remotely controlled transmitter antenna were relattvely un- contznprersyd. Opposition «m espneiaiS to the durable lag propoiil howevtt* The Northern Amateur Relay COimcIl (HARC) of Caltfornla, for example, stated that such tag^i are easily stolen er lost and that a requirement of thit eort vould be an unDilr tMirden on Bt^naeei operating stations at tnily "remote" locatlonf.

f. Oitr propoeal to maite all amateur frequencies available for repeater and auxlhars^ operatJofi was the subject of intense criticism by nearly all respond- ents. Although a few groups, such aa NABC, welcomed the opportunity to ex- periment with the possibilities such a relaxation would have offered, the vaat majority of the oommentd opposed such a mdicai clianfe. Virtually all thoee comnsenttng oppoMd any expansiiiR} of tbe repeater ^ubbandt below 36 MRz. They stated tha£ there is no demon- strated need flof repeater opcratimi in the btglt fitiiiieney range, an^t that such a^ expansloii wtmtd ezvaie many more pfOtOem* than the Increased iJexifailitj In repeater operation wouJd Justify, ^mUaity. tbe malority ol tb,oae submit- ttn« comments eppoaied maJdng aU very hljgh fneqiiency (VHF) and ulira hifh frequency tUHP) bands availabk for re- peater operatioin- Ccfteern wb£ efpe^ i^IJy acute over opening ail frequencies fn the two meter band U44-Ha MBz, to re- peater operation. Respondents such as the Radio Amateur SatcUtte Corporation *AMaATJ stated that certain umjittio aciivity in the two tneter band must be provided protection from repeater op- eration. This activity, which typically in- volves the reception of weak signals. Is said to he mcooipatlblc withi channelized repeater opera ttoE. Many other respond- ents. £uch as T^MARC. agreed that weak signal work must be protected but argued thai there Is a deftntte need for addi- tional two meter lr«mencies for repeat* er opcratloti. The ARRL said thai It may well be desirable to lnoea«e tbe allo- cation for repeater operatian in the amatoir two meter bam] bot wt^gcd that atiy sadh expanshn be tlse subject of a separate rule making pinceedmg.

g^ Otor ptnpoeed new title coneemlnt prtunty m usage of a fre<iue»e^r wae oi^enrbdminetr oppoeed. Moet rei^Kmd- ents said the pfmvscd rule wa£ Inher- ently \ if nece$aartiy) raitue and tbst ibs adopUon would create more pro^iems than it woisld solt«. Itic general belief appeared to b^' that existing rule^ and practices are working rsuionably velL and that, nbntnt a compelling indlc^lon to tbe contmry, the Commission should take no action hi this area at tbe pre^nt time.

h. In resporv^ to our inquiries con- cerning tbe adequacy of the current sys- tem of voluntary spectrum management and tbe r»ecei«lt!Nror the llmltaticms on tiie effective radlfited powef of stAtloiU' m repeater operation coDtamed 1(3 Sec- tion Si?,G7 of the Eulea, we reeelved many tnfonmitlve mnA hetpfol rcs^ponns, Tliese comments mdoosted, icttieraliy. A wtdeqitead <llflsaliifaction with the ERF Hmftattofw on repeater operation, as weil a* a beHef thai me Amateur Serf- ice's vduntaiy $pettnim managemsit STston tanettont witft conslileraMe ef- fectivciiess tn moat Instances

WoAT BxiLMS Aa V We AM>Pli)ie «™ Www ?

6. After a cBFcfuT analysis of our pro* posals and the commmts submitted In response to our iiroposals, we have de* elded that the public interst wiU be beat served by the f ollowinB action—

a. We ore ellmlnatmg separate re-

28

peatjer. BU)ttlUit7 Itnk, and control sta- tion tieenoes; aj propoftcd. Operations now ccmdnjcted by »uch $isi%l<ms will be authomrd other stations without prior Cotmnisi&lon Approiml utider new forms of amatpur i^p«rai;jon to be kno«^ a^ **rep«ater operaUon" asd '^auxiliary op- eration.** We b«i|f ve the contention that ^HiELiiiatJcin of separate repeater ftation licexxBO «U| etu^unt^ 'flj^^bi'-iil&hr re- peater CKPcratl^n Ja f rtvoJoi^, Ai the Iowa R«peater Ootmcll noted in Its Coniinentf. "[rlep«it«rs are expensive, Ther tate a lot, of haitl Tork * • *.**CiKmnHit5. lowa Rvpaa^^ex- CotmcU al ff. We dotibt verr mtJth whetber anjiine wSlllnf to expend the dmc and effort eiecessarF ^ p4ac« a station m pepeatw operatton Trill j3o so on the aptzr of the mcmietJt, We strnpitr do not twJlere Uiat the uirldenc* of so- called *'effD«tiip" repeaters will be any greater tmder the nc« rules tfaaii it fa pre^nttr. Tikt aaicrtfon made 1)7 T- MARC ^and oUimr> that eUmtnatlm of separate U^etiMa for a ta lions In repeater o|)«ratlon will permit a llcduee to decide "on a mament'A notice" to engage tn re* peater operation Ib no more tefiable now than It was before the adoption of rules for repeater stations in Docket U8D3 in 1913. iMoreovef, aa KAMC observed In Its commerLts, Absence of a repeater sta- tion license doca not nec&tiaarUy inhibit repeater operation under Uie exMlng rules. A Uceiiae« wiahlns to put a re- peater station In operation need only find the licensee of an existing riepeater fitaUoD uUlinc to Aha re the reaponsibrU- Ity of rflptater opemtion from a parfcaWe iQcatlan. Ttie fLtat Ueensee then op- erates a portable riFpcater elation under tiie auihontr of the e^atms repeeiier station IJj^en^J

Fujtbex. proe««Alnff and luulnff re- peater, auxiliary link, and control sta- tiim liceiLKs iA much more oopipisx than pgpcffaoing and iaaoing timpie pnm&ry atAttcn Ueeoiee. Differetit dai^ t?a5e:& unit be maintained, and FCC sta^ must tan detailed to pdions these opeciflc flmeycma. Itt sujn, althoiacb repeater sta- tioina are ntattvelr lev. In comparlsoD vstb the popQlfttkm ol the Amateur Ra- dio Serrice as b vbolei, tbelr Impact on the processtrK of other atnateur licences ii faf oui of propO'iiion to their number. Ehminatifta of Mparite repeater, mixO- larr link and control itationi wiU enable lis to provide tht public with btti^r serv- ice In other,^ more important areas, such aa the processing of Norlce Cla^s and other claj^es of operatoir license appli- cslloiia^

Accordinel;. beginning with the effec- tive date of tixis Eeport and Order, no more llcenseA for repeater, auxiliary Unlc, or eontrol itauotis will be issued. Exist- izig repeater, i&uxliljirv link, and control ^LBttorks may C3;}nl;dtiue to be operated untit expiration ol llieir Atatlon licensea. £uc^ liceruea will not i>e renewed. Fur^ ther. in order to cnntLnue the efAcient processing of other amiLl.eur radio Uoense appHcailoiis, effective wiUi the adoption of this Report and Qrder by tlie Com-^ mission w^ are Imposing a "freeze" on the filing of applk^utlons for new, modi- fied or renewed repeater. au?Eiliftry Utik, «Lnd ei^ntfol statlori hcen^ applies tions. The freeze will eontinue until the date the regulatlona adopted in the Report and Order become effective.

We Qnd that the piiblk interest wm be best served tf the appilcBtions for new r^ieater station Uo«ues presenily on file are diMplawd^ and we hereby do so. Pendina applkAUOitt for renewed le- peater station llcensisi or modMed le- peatcr ataiion hcenaei will be processed, bovnrei .

li. Wc are auiMor^ag aiLjitmry jopera- Uon /roBi eomirtd po^nff fm porf ohte and mabUB Ofim^tHom, Thlt amendment, vhleh was imoppoaed by the commsits, will afford operators of remotely con- ttoiUed atatiofif much greater flexibiUt? In their opefntionj, U will permit oper- ators of remotely controlled station^ to operate their atationa aa they would to- tally controlled fttatlonfi. without many of the previous raetrJcUon^ pl^ed on them.*

c. We arc dUc^fHUnuinu owr j^rm^Uce of if ruing cctM aiiQi\& prefixtd bjf the let^ ten ^^Wff* to stations in refitatir oper- atioTt. We do not believe 'WB' -prefixed call signs are a ncocoaary aspeot of re- pea t^er operation in the AniateLu: Service; anf more now than they were before the regulaiiotiii adopted in Docket 1BS02, We are awniT, howcv{*r, of ihe desire of nuioy of thc«esubi3iltling conajraetit&hi thISpro-

* We dci not brUrv« i«pLri*t« reguliiisciits Jor so-endciii "f«niat4 b»iV' miMXloia axe 110K4- «uy or i)e»!r^]9 ml ibU time. Am long lu ^le ftutlUiitir niDctkuu 4r fqcEi vtfrUOh^

cmtipif With Hm Hfulatiot^ fvf »uxmu7

CfW^t^QEU Tvmabt buH ins,f b« cspcnted tn

ceedJng, such as the ARRL, for rulea ensurlnff that those m-onitoring a fre- quency Itnow there i$ a $^taLloa in re- peater operation using that IreQuency. For this reiLwn. we are adopting regula- tlom as proposed reQuirlng distinctive Identification foe- statkms in repeater and auxiliary opcraUon. Stations In re- peater opermtJoav!lIlberequlF«l to trans- nUt the letter* "HPT" Aits- the station ^kll ajgu U idenllfylng by telegraphjr^ or tbe word "repeater" Lf Ldeiitifvmg by te- Iqituny. 8tauo£L& m. auxiliary operation wm lie teciuired to transmit the letters ''AUX" After the stetion call sign 11 iden- t|f ytng by telegraphy, or the word "auxll- lary tf identifying b^^ telephoaiy. finally, there was no opposition to oor propceal to Inceaae from flye to ten mtnutea the miniiFiiim tnt^r*^ at which statlocts to refKBier operation must Identify, and ve are adopting It as proposed.

d. If e are eti-mtnatimifi at profioied the Ttfiufremeni fAof trtinsfrtiasion$ /fom oppti accrsii autmnaticufiy controtJed fla* lion J in rrptater opertttkm be either mtmitiyred tn real ttme or rwcorded. There wu no oppothion tn the comments to our proposed relaxation. Our purpose in adopting this regulation originally w&a Simply to ensure that Ifceneeea possea adequate means to determine whether their automiitloally controlled stations were being opentted properly. Licensees of iiioh stations continue to be respon- llble for the propel operation of their station 5, but we behn'e w? should provide nnmteurs with sufTldent fle^ilblUty to en- able them to determine comphance with our regulations In other wnjs. In eddt'^ tjon. several rNpeodents a^ed thftt the refulatton be *3ctended to exempt ila- ttoni In repeater operation from third partjr eraffic loeglng requirement£ en- tirely- Of course, our proposal to delete the monttorlng/recordlng reqyiremcnt had nothtng wl^taoefer to do wnh third party traffic logging requtrettiCDta;, nor did ae intend it to hat-e. Although we do wish to reUeve our Ucen&ees of uniseoes- nrf htirdaB. auch as the mocLltorlng/fT' eordlng reQuirement, we do not believe at Ihia time that utationa Id repeater opera- iiosi should be exempt from third pari^ trafCtc logging lequtremenU. We reeog- piae thai ai a pracUcal matter many sta- tions Ip refMfttar operation will conjttnui to hjftve to reeord their transmtsiiena to ensure compliance with the thhd pftflf trafDc logging requirements. We also recognize Ihene reouirements may be a burden on centain stations in repeater opefatlon^ particularly those with tele- phone Interconnection C"autopateh"> capubllltletf. In our 1973 Report end C^- der In Doeket 1B8D3, however, ameteur licenfieee were warned about use of auto- pEitch eqyfptnent in violation of Section 97.114 of the rukik to facilitate the regti- lar buftiness ftflfairs of any party. Since 1S12, autopatoh abuse has become. If anything, more widespread. The Ama- teur Radio Service is not now, and has never been, a common carrier, and third party tjafRc of all types must, tmder normal clrcumaiances. coq^iltute a very small part of amateiu' activity. We again warn the Amnt^ur Service of unlawful use of telephone htterconnectjon facOl* lies and etreas that tmJes^^ voluntary oompllonce with our third party traffio rerulatfons tncreasea stgntScantly. we ma,y hate to take action to curb the tnmsinlasioin of ail third part^ traffic in the Amateur Radio Service, We are Ihraefora eliminating Uie monitoring/ rc- eordlng requirement cantained La Section 97JU<gH3> of the rides but are reLaln- hig all existing third party tauffic regDr U lions.

e. Wt are re^uirin^ that a photocopit of the remolefy cofsiroZfed staikm Icceiue be ported in tt ctmrpicuous p^ee at the remt^telu co«f roJfed tmnsmittsr nte and placed m f^^e fog 0/ the station tyf eath auUtahztd ctmtrol operator 0/ the re- mOh^ eaufroiled station. We will also require that the ntinie and telephcme number of the station licensee and at leo3t one control operator be poprted in a consplcuou.^ place at the remotely con- trolled transmitter location. We are aware that m&ny 1lcen:$ec3 consider re- quirements of thL^ sort to be nn justifiable buidetifi.^ but we believe it ^Essential that there be adecitmte procedures to enaure that the Commission Is able to contact the llcenfiee or control operators of a re- motely tontroUed station In the event of station malfunction, We agree with re- spondents, ftuch as NARC. that in our proposal to require attachment of a dur- able teg contftining certain information to the antenna or antenna f eedllne of a remotely controlled station xcould serve no useful purpose, and we deoUne to Adopt It. Our proposal to require the log of a reaoteb" controlled station to con* t«Lln a list of authorized control opera^tors was generally supported In the com-

ments, and we are adopting It a4 pro- posed.

f. We ore making an additiona! one megahertz of spectrum available far re* ptiiter operation m the amateur two me ^ ter hand. It i$ clear from the comments that amateurs engage in a wide variety of aetlvltieft azNl that repeater operation is but one of these aettyitles. It !i also clear that many amateurs beUeve their ■ctivitJeii mu»t be protected from pos&ihie encroachment by stations in repeater op- eration. For this rea^^n, ve «ill noi adopt oilr pfiipoial to make al amateur frequencies available for repeater ^nd auxniarr ofMnttQa. Hie pcrpmahre op- potJtke to otir pimjMWJd i^»xatlan con- rincea u* that the Amatenr Senrk* ia not ftilty prepar«I to aannne xesponaLbEllQr for complete miuia^enient of its own spec trum. We are therefore not allocayfif any addttionai frequcncka for repeater operatloti or auxiliary operation below 144 IbfHx Many comments, however, stated that there is a definite. Immediate need for additional frequeiicte^ for re- peater operation In the two meter bend and above. At the suggestton of T- MARC„ we are aHocarting an additional onemegai;ertzol spectrum, 144-5 to 14&.S MHsc, for repeater operation. We are Also increasing Technician Claims operator privile«(*B to Include 144.5-145.0 MITt^. to pem^lt Technician Class llcenseea to Lake advantage of tho new allocation for re^ peater operation, We believe this addi- tional allocation wUl meet the future need for frequencies in the two meter band for repeater operation, while pro- viding adequate protection for veak sig- nal and other aetiylty in that frequency range. We do not agive with the ARRI# that this alloc«tlon requires a new rule iDAklnf proceeding. In onr Notice of pro* po»d Rule Making in thja proceeding we propoaed to make the entire two me- ter baiMl andlable for repester operation. Oitr Ucenaeea were put on notice that we were actively considering additional fre- queticlei for repeater operation in the two meter band. Tlie clahn that nOgtsmUm notice has not been given that 144 J-14S J 1CH& Might be allocated liv repeater operatbxt cannot be atoiported. We «ie alio maHmr all ama4£ur fregTMniiw above 120 MH^ except 43S-43£ l£Hz, avftUAble for both repeater and auxiliary operation.^ There wms litUe. If any, og>- poeition to an increase in the fre^ueneiea avallabie for repeater operBtlon above the two meter band, aiid we believe that In making all amateur frequencies above 320 MHz flvallftble for repeater and aux- iliary operation we are providing ama- teur licensees with a great deal of flexi- bility while at the same time continuing to protect the "weak signal " two meter activity. We will continue to evaluate the spectrum requirements for repeater and auxiliary ope ration, however.

g, Wt* G.re taking no action at th f ,^ Hm^ on our proposed new rule concernintj pfi^ Dtitff in «.tcrg<? 0/ amateitr freijuencies. We may. liowcver, take action at some 13 me in the future if certain spectrum management probleme within the ama- teur community are' not settled by the amateui-s themselves. As detailed tn a recent Public Notice on this subject, we are inereaningly concerned aitout tnuli- cloiis interference to. and from, certain amateur serrlce 'monitoring nets'. If am- ateurs ouukot SDhre these conflicts and others arlstng from compeitni demands for i^Kctrum, thsi the Cdnunlsajbn tnust ctma^^KT addltltmal restilatiaiu to fdo) ve then matters. We are also not taking any action at this time 00 chanEring repeater E3P limlliL, Any action in mis a^^a wdl be done tn a separate mleimaking pro- ceedings

7> Accordingly, it ft of^d^ed. pursuant to authority contained in SecUons 4<lK 5 ' e) . nnd 109 of the Communleatietia Act of 1934, as amended. That Part &7 of tiie Contmlasion's Rule£ is amended aa »t forth b^low eflectlve Noirember 4. 1077. It i» fi^ther ordered. That alt pending applkatldns for new r^^eater station U- censea in the Amateur Radio Service are dLiml^T^ed. It U further ord^red. That tlie Motion to Accept Late Filed Comments submitted by the American Radio Relay League, Incorporated is granted, and that the Motion to Accept Late Piled Beply Comments submitted by the Em- pire Radio Ciub ts granted, tt Is fuTther ordered, That to the extent BM-2e64 and RM-^'JQO have not been urant^Kl herein, they are denied. Jt U further or-

. „£e/i us ifoti tact as

^#pm^243

J

dered. That this proceeding is termi- nated.

iBecB. 4. £. 303, 48 Stat., ft4 omendad, iQflfl^ 10C18> lOaa; 47 U.S.C. 1£4. 150. 303.)

Fl^SXRAL CoMUUKICATIOMrJ

CowMiessoif/

VUTCENT J. MtTLLmiH

SecTeiarjt,

Statehiekt or CoiooEsroMin M^KCtTA E, Wmr* coitctmaiKG nt Fa(it avio Dia- sAirrmo nr Putt

As a strong proponent of deregulation^ 1 feel It is important that I explahi why m thlf partleular initance I find it nee* eaeary to disagree with the Commis^^lon'i deetiion to no longer require separate licensing of repeoter statlona. It should b« noted, ho^^ev^^, ttiafc I do coocur in the temalnder of the Ooinraission*! pro* poaals to deregulate Fart 97 of the Com^ mkadOQ^i mis.

I vntf Impressed, after reading the comments in this proceeding personally, that almoet an the comments oppoied the cUmlnatloii of separste repeat^^ station UcenseB. The Commission bellerea that the contentions of various repMlcr org^-^ nittatioos including T-MARC, petiuoner In RM^^TSO, that elimination of aepa^te repeater station licenses wUl encourage more casual and hapho^zard operation are frivolous. I respectfully disagree. The elimination of separate repeater js tat I on licenses will piake the volunUiry coor- dination, frequency menagementi. and voluntary enforcement of repeater oper- ation much more difficult, thus inc^'eas- Ing the probability of Increafling Inter- ference— a probBbillty recognliQed by several repeater assocjatlorm aa well as by the American Badlo Eelay League (ABRL).

The Comml^on is adopting ihe pro- posed rules to decrease the adtninl£tra-» tlve burden associated with the proc- evlng and i^ulng of separate repeater slftttoo licensee, however, tht^ burdui which I do not view as substantial, Bin4^ presenUy there are only appn^dmately SiAOO authorized repeater stations and recently only about an average of two applications a day are received ^for re- peater atatfons, must be veigbed against the Ufctilh ood of incre^ed CommisKloai lawoivement tn Qifcffcranent problems. It la quite likely that the potential enforce- meat problBns wiH prote to be mote ratUj than the savings to be gained by eOlmlnatjon o{ the separate proeeaalng of wpeater station liceDaes. Moreover, J agree with the ARRL comment that by requiring a separate appUcaijon for a repeater station licease "'the applicant ii pliiced on notice that something more than the grant of a simple application t* required/' Comments, ARRU p 15. 1 also believe that repeater licensees hove a special responsibility to sei^e the public Interest and the requirement of a sepa- rate license places the licensee on notice find n^i3t3 in keeping the licensee ac- countable.

Therefore, for the above reasanft. I dlitsent.

^Our eeclilQU to Hmke the ffiitlr# 420-4flO MHr nmateur tAn4, except 43£^?a M^, avaUjii?l« for rep«atcr op&rAiibb moflt* the '"blaoKet'* WKtvfef gtmnuKl by tbft Cliijaf, fiatttj Knd Bpeei^ £Lidla Service* Bixtfau ta iNUUiit fiAt-ar&n KnutHeur televutton rep«it«r aptrmtlob In itut twnd. Tb^t umiYer li liate- 1^ ^arttiuiatcd.

'By the CammiBBiDn : CiialnnAn Wilc^ ison-^ eurrlng in the result:; CosnmlPiH'inriQr Quelle aiaien.tiiig: Commicslon ei WlilL# cunctunring In pu-i uid dissentdng tn p«rt uid tuulnf a

Reprinted from the Federal Register.

29

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If you are bike the rest af us you've been reading about micro- computers . . . you're excited about them . . . but th^re i& so much to understand and It all seems so complicated that there Is no way to understand It,

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A new magazine i& being pub- llfhod for computer hobbyists . . . for people who are beginners . ., . neophytes . . . novicss . . . p^opte who have no idea wtiat a vectored interrupt H, but just the same want to learn about computers and havefuHHi

A home computer system can co^ you a bundle if you don't know what you are dqir>g. Kilo^ baud could save you a lot of money , ■ ^ others have learned the hard way, Kilobaud i^ a sort

FOR ONE YEAR

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You want to know about hardware? Read about the new MtTS Z-80 CPU in Kilobaud, simply explained by the chap who designed the circuit. Or how about The best-seUing TOL Z-80 CPU . * . the designer has written about it in Kilobaud too. You're wondering about what cassette system to use? You can go crazy on tiiif one . , , but before flip- ping Outp read the Hal Walker article In Kilobaud and find out what the problems are ■ ■ ■ and the solutions.

MAKE IVlONiY

Perhaps you've been thinking of the computer hobby as a way to get into a smalt busmess. Why not? This is going to be an enor* mous field in e couple of yeari and you can bet that those on the ground floor wit I have the bevt chance at the gold ring. Kilobaud will help you team how to get into manufacturing , , , to bocome a dealer * , , a manufacturer's representativ9 * * , a service bureau _ . , a wrttei'. Newer before has there bean an opportunity like this. Grab hold and start getting your feet wet.

KILOBAUD IS BRAlNfD NEW

The first issue was January 197? . . . and the magazine is the fastest growing and best accepted magazine in the hobby computer field already. You doubt that? Jy&t stop in at any hobby com- puter store and ask anyone you see- Kilobaud is outselling all other magazines combined . , , which sevs something considering the cover price of S2. It^s full of good articles and has a sense of humor^ There are more articles in Kilobaud than you can read in a day ... most readers comment that Kilobaud just has to be read from cover to cover and this takes several days.

DO YOU WANT TO LEARN COMPUTERS?

Some magazines emphasize OEM systems . . . some are writ- ten more for computa^ scientists . . . Kilobaud Is written for and by its readers , , , the hobbyists. You'll find great articles in there by well known hobbyists such as Don Lsncaster , . . Don Alexander ^ . . Pete Stark « . . Dennis Brown , . . Hal Walker * . . Art Childs , , . Sheila Clark . , , and many more. The emphasis js fun*

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The cover price is $2 fthafs S24 a year), but the subscription rate is only Si 5 for the year ... a saving of $9.00, plus you get a Computer man iar- tee shirt , ♦ * hurry, limited number available. You can pay for it with your credit card (BankAmericard^ Masta^ Charge, American Express) or you can even be billed directly. Send in the below coupon . . . or call TOLL FREE S0O-2S8-5473 (during office hoursL Please have your credit card handy.

Your subscription will start with the next published issue, so allo^nr about six w^eeks for any apparent action. If you would like to be filled In with the back issues they are S3 each and at last count some were stiM available.

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SU MB LU XLD

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30

AMSAT

LOCAL AMATEUR RADfO

OPERATOR ELECTED ARRL

SECTION COMMUNICATIONS

MANAGER FOR LA COUNTY

Stan S. BrDkl of Sunland, known to his amateur radio colleagues as K6YYQ, has just added aoother laurd to hi$ crown. He was elected Section Communlcaiions Manager for Lo$ Angeles County for the American Radio Hetay League, the largest ama- teur radio enthusiasts' organization. The League acts as spokesman for a large segment of the nearly a third of a million FCC-licensed amateur radio operators in the United States.

Stan (5 a senior engineering assistant at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasader^. He has been an amateur operator for twenty two years. Among his earlier laurels were his presidency of the JPL Amateur Radio Club during 1976 and his handling of the transmission of the JPL Viking Lander pictures of the surface of Mars to the amateur radio world via slow scan TV. In many parts of the world, Itieae pictures were ttie only ones received from the surface of Mars. He 1$ atso the vice chairman of the Los Angeles Council of Amateur Radio Clubs.

The Amerrcan Radio Relay League^ in addition to its activity as spokes- man for the amateur radio communi- cations community, has a variety of activities in which amateurs partici- pate. For some of these, awards are granted, such as for working ail states, or working all coniir^nts. The ARRL is also involved in emergency com- munications when the need aris^. The activity is called Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES), which handles commLinications in emer- gene pes such as floods, earthquakes, or other catastrophic occurrences when normal communications media fail. Radio amateur operators are equipped to provide such communications with their battery-powered and mobile rad tos.

In an interview, Stan was asked what his job was as SGIVI. He told us, 'The SCM is the only elected official in the ARRL operming program. That ISp programs involving "on-the-air" ac- tivities. He fosters communicBtion networks, makes appotntments of qualified amateurs to various com- munications fynctionsi, and generally provides the leadership for the sec- tion/'

One of Stan's plans ts to expand the

ARES activfty to place It in iBadine^ for any emergency that should arise. He pointed out that ARES differs from the Radio Amateur Civil Emer- gency Service (RACES) in that the latter is operated locally by the LA County Sheriff's Disaster Communi- cations Service to maintain communh t^ations in the public service area where officialdom most be in com- munication with Its head quart ers and the emergency services* On the other hand, ARES provides what Stan called "people-to-people communtcatfons/*

DECEMBER

FLIGHT TEST

OF AMSAT/ JAMS AT

SATELLITE TRANSPONDER

The Radio Amateur Satellite Cor- poration (AMSAT) has obtained the cooperation of a number of amateur radio dubs up and down the state of California in flying the AMSAT- OSCAR D 2'meter*to-70-centimeter n46 to 345 MHz I amateur radio satellite transponder for a test to provtde amateurs throughout the state an opportunity to test their gear and to familiarize themselves with the techniques and procedures to be used in oparating the transpo rider during its orbital phase as AMSAT -OSCAR 8. nnods J, The flight will take place Oecember 3^ 1977. An aircmft con- taining the transponder will fly a course starting from Van Nuys Air- port near Los Angeles to San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Francisco, Stock- ton, Fresno, Bakersfield, and back to Van Nuys,

This will be the fourth flight test of an amateur radio com muni cat Kins satellite transponder since the AMSAT-OSCAR 6 2 meter-to^ ID- meter was flown on the east coast in May^ T971, by members of the AMSAT Washington group. In September, 1971, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Amateur Radio Club ran a flight test similar to the one to be run In December on the 2-to- 10- meter transponder. JPL ARC was also in- volved in a flight test of the 43115 MHz 10 145.95 MN/ "Umsctier" (built by AMSAT Deutschland} which became the mode 3 transponder of OSCAR 7. The fatter flight test was run in September, 1973,

A great many amateur operators participated in these earlier flight tests, learn ^r>g the ropes^ so to speak, about ope rat ir^ through an amateur satellite tranqionder under closely similar conditions to those which would occur in orbit.

Activity through the transponder is encouraged during the December 3rd flight, and a commemorative QSL will be sent to all amateurs who send in a report of Stations worked or heard* The aircraft call \n flight will be WA3N0S.

During the flight, a riata>n net will be maintained at aboyt 7230 kHz, using the call W6V 10.

The test flight is cosponsored by the amateur radio clubs of Jet Propul- sion Laboratory, Hughes, TRW, and Pro|ect OSCAR, as well as several other Celifornia amateur organiza- tions.

One major purpose of the flight is to assist radio amateurs in adjusting their equipment for operation on the new amateur satellite frequencies above 435 MHz, the onfy available frequencies in the 420-450 MHz band open to sateHlte use under the ITU regulations. A secondary purpose is to determine the mutual interference potential between AMSAT-OSCAR D and amateur TV enthusiasts operating above 435 MHz. Launch of the A D-D amateur radio communications sal el - lite is scheduled for February 17, 1978.

Reports should be sent to Skip Reymann W6PAJ. at Post Office Box 374, San Dimas, California 91773.

StaniBY S, BfQkt K6YYQ was recemfy efectmi SCM for the ARRL LA sectton. Hb is shown hefe examining an OSCAR dispfay at the JPL library. The turntabh shows the four interior p&nds of OSCAR 7*

Dick Ufrich K6KCY puts finishing touches on the W meter whip for the OSCAR 7 test flight in W73. Dick will participate in the flight test of the AMSA T/JA MSA T spscecrsft in December,

31

tell Ma Bpl] Lhat she i^hou

Rampage f7

GE and various doctors wourd not ^ve me anv suggestions, I was liK^ky enough to gel in touch with a man in ihB School of Aerospace iVledicine, who told me of their extensive experi- ments wfth electro magnetic radiation and pacemakers, including 15 models of the G€, which proved them panic- ularly susceptible. It is true that their experiments were not on a ham fre^ quencv, but their frequencv was neaf enough the 20 meter band to be significanL It was here ihm. \ goT suggestions for the gmuoded cage I built.

Possibly you may have occasion to pass along my experiences, or to improve upon them.

F. L.WiltroutW9VFG Elkhart IN

Tech meal Editor, QST 225 Main Street NewingionCT 06111

Dear Sir;

Some time ago, \ wrote you that I had a General Electric pacemaker in^ stalled, and that v^en I attempted to make a transmission the radiation cut rt out I asked if you kr^ew of any articles In ham publications or other^ wise which might help me g&t on the air. Your reply was negativa,

! have since read newspaper articles to the effect that CBers, using illegal amplifiers, were interfering not only with pacemakers, but also with hearing aids.

1 solved the problem in a somewhat awkward manner, and I would like to pass a^ong my experiences, thinking that they woutd be a basis for further refinement

To begin with, \ use a Drake TR'4 and a Heath kit SB230 linear, feeding an old Hy-Gain 20, 15, and 10 meter beam with coax. I have a switch arrangement to go from the beam to a Heath kit dummy load

Using an inexpensive field strength meter, with the aid of my son twho is also a hamh I found that the field strength varied according to which way the beam was headed — that everi on the ground forty feet from the beam, with the beam headed in my direction, the pacemaker acted up. I could tell when the rig was on trans* mit merely by feeling my pylse.

The next step was to take reading when the rig wss. on the dummy load. There was no reading whatsoever even when the meter was set on top of the rig. (tnciden tally, the swr is down to one to one.)

My son and I then constructed a son of cage, five feet high and three feet wide and deep, with both top and

bottom, of perforated aluminum sheet, covefed by a layer of copper wire. This was attached to a good outiicle ground. The microphone with switch was run into the cage, and I was back on the airl There was no field strength reading in the cage while transmitlirg. it Is a little awkward reaching out the door to tune in stations, but you can't have every* thing. The rig itself can be tuned up on the dummy load.

So far I have tried only 20 and 40 meters, the latter on an Inverted V, without the linear.

This is the old principle of the Faraday Cage, discovered in England many years ago, and hardly men- tioned in the Handbook.

It occurs to me that the transceiver itself coo Id be moved into the cage for greater operating convenience.

You can understand why I am reiuctant to do too much ex peri- men ting personally when it might stop my heart.

Perhaps a more simple solution could be found, tike putting some kind of shieid on the roof underneath the beam, or on the ceiling of the snac K .

Anyway, perhaps one of your bright yotjng mefi might be willing to take my experiments and build on them. They are welcome to use my observations and experience.

F. L. WiltroutW9VFG

21G West High Street

Elkhart IN 46514

SUPER PAT

Although in the past I've not been in ^itire agreement with most of your editorials, I will say this much — Tve written several letters praising your study guides (which you've never printed). Wall, here comes a super pat on your back with a request fol- lowing.

On August 29* 1977, my emplov- rrnent required that I Obtain a 2nd Class Radiotelegraph license. The first thotight in my head was, "Oh-oh. a supervised code exam at 20 and 16 wpm/* so I got out your 20-^ tape — the one with all the weird characters - and listened to it for 16 hour ewery day for 17 days. (Keep in mind that I've been inactive for 3 years now.) Come the 2&th in Detroit, the ex- ami rver put 20 wpm on arvd I really was shocked — tt sounded like about t5 wpml \ sw^r I coold have sharpened my pencil in between groups. No kiddlngl t even copied 3B wpm almost solid after listening to that tape — the same tape that, by the way, at first I spent 10 minutes of each half hour cursing. I now have a

2nd Class Radiotelephone, a 2nd Class Radiotelegraph, and an Advanced ham license, which I can say w^e duck soup to get after using your study guides and tapes. Now I will be going to Marquette to take the First Class Radiotelephone, the Extra Class, and the Radar Endorsement.

By the way, I'll be going for my 1st Class Radiotelegraph In a few months — do you have a 25+ wpm tape I can purchase?

Kenneth M. Cubilo. Jr. WB8D01

Rogers City Ml

Sure, $4,00, - Ed.

BE A LEGAL JAMMER

We would like to invite a couple of hams around the world for commur»i* cation backup, m\d they can take all their equipment We would give them 1/3 off the total cruise ooiL

Captain Mike Burke

Windjammer Cruises

PO Box 120

Miami Beach FL 33139

FEATHER

Just wanted to drop you a note and put another feather in your cap. Last June, 1 purchased your 21+ wpm tape. When \ received it, \ played rt for about five minutes. I then Ignored the tape until the first of September, l practiced your tape an average of 46 minutes a day for 3 weeks. On Sefitember 21, [ went to the FCC and took the exam. I aced the code test. 1

didn't have time to sleep in between characters, but I did copy com- fortably the 20 wpm. I could copy your tape about 9B% — let's face it, a code group like "kee ie*' is something else. If you can't copy the group, it does teach you not to be flustered by missing a character or small group of characters.

Once again, thar>ks — and be proyd of those feathers and cap. I will be forwarding my callsign change when I get my 2x2 call,

Kevin C. Pot^r WA6DlStW Arcadia CA

M.O.M.

With Christmas again rapidly approaching, we at Military Overseas Mail are conc^ned about the mar^y thousands of our miitary perronnel who will be away friom their homes and families during the holiday season. For many of these young men and women, this will be the first Christmas away from home^

Readers of 73 Magaime can help make this holiday season a little less lonely and a little more enjoyable for many of these young people by joining in the collection of Christmas mail sponsored by Military Oy^rseas Mail. This is an ideal project for school clatses, clubs^ and other groups as well as individuals and families. For more Information, please send an SASE to Military Overseas Mail, Box 4330, Arlington VA 22204, and men- tion that you read abooC M,0,M. tn 73 Magazine, Thank you*

Lee Spencer Arlington VA

Tracking

the Hamburg lar

HIJACKED: Heathkit 2 meter trans- cervef HW-2036, series no. 03719, Heathkit Micoder HD-1982. series no- 00622, from my company car on October 10, 1977, at about 16:35 CDT, 1713 Webster St„ Omaha, Nebraska. My ham call and social security no. 482-62-4198 are engraved in the chassis of the radio. A reward will be offered to the individual who returns the radio to me. Tom O. Mjkkelsen WAOPOD, 902 Avenue G., Council Bluffs, Iowa 51501, (712) 323-8036: (office) Motorola Com- munications, 11045 1 St., Omaha, Nebraska 68137, (402) 331 7709.

RIPPED OFF: Atlas 350XL with DDG-XL digital dial, s/n 877025, and ac power supply for the Atlas, s.'n

877104 OS. Taken on October 1, 1977. Jay A. Leonard WSTSM, Rt. 1 Box 32A, Pottsville AR 72858.

RIPPED OFF: Regency HR^2B trans ceiver, 2 meter, 12 channel. Serial no, 49^04353. 1 - 94-94, 2 - 34-94 3 - 52-52, 4 -^ 13-73, 5 - 19'79, 6 - 96-36, 7 - 16-76, 8 - 04-64, 9 - 25-85, 10 - police, 1 1 ^ 4&46, 12 - sheriff. Carl R. Willis K8DK0, 464 FoTEsl Street, Mansfield OH 44903. call collect |4T9) 524-2367.

TAKEN: Drake ML2, s/n 11546, Stoken from: Tom Fraser WA0QQT, Colorado Springs, Colorado. (303) 635-8911. ext, 3874. Frequencies in^alled: 34-94, 94-94, t&76, 07-67, 22 82, 2B-SS

Corrections

Please note a correction to my article, 'Track OSCAR With Your SR-52" (November, p. 58)- Lines 20-21, column 4, page 59* should

read: 'In register 13. Steps Ot 8 to 038 solueecfuation 1 and".

Art Burke W6UIX San Diego CA

32

Compare the Atlas 350-XL with other transceivers . . .

TYPE 1 ALL SOLID STATE

HYBRID (VACUUM TUBE P.A.) |

MODEL

ATLAS 350 XL

TEN TEC

YAESU FT-301

DRAKE TR4-CW

HYGAIN 3750

KENWOOD TS-820

TEMPO 2020

INPUT POWER

350 WATTS

200

1 200

300 ,

200

200

180

BANDS

1Q-160M

10-80M , 160MQPT

10-1 BOM

10-80M

10-160M

10-1 BOM

10-80M

. . . and see why it's your best buy!

Above is a chart companng leading HF Transceivers that IbW m appioxiiTiately the sam& price range as the Atlas 350-XL. The Drake TR4-CW is least ex^ pensive, while the HY-Gain 3760 is the highest. Rated power input {SSBj and bands covered are listed in the chart but below is a discussioiT on a number of other interesting comparisDns whicli will help you choose the right transcetver for your station.

1, STATE-OF-THE ART. ALL SOLID STATE

The first 3 transceivers listed above are all solid state. The real designs of the futuref Having n^anti- facturtd and sold over 12,000 of our little 21 Ox/ Z15x's. we can attest to the high performance and relabiflty of alt sotid state design. Tubes for the driver and PA., with their tunmg circijits and high vohage power supplies are rapidly becoming obso- leEe. As a result theif resale vaiue witi be decini ng.

2.P0WER RATING.

The higher power rating on the 350-XL provides you with a comfortable edge over the others. Run- ning barefoot you can easily ride over the com- petition. If you're driving a linear you don't have to strain for every bit of drive hom the transceiver it can loaf along with ease. The 350 watt input rating IS realty very conservative. Typical input power runs upwards of 400 to 450 watts without flat-topping. Considerably more than the others.

3. BAND COVERAGE

Not only does the 35QXL cover the 10 through 160 meter hands (including all of 10 meters in four 50O kHi segments), but one of its exclusive features is that you can install up to 10 auxiliary 500 kHz ranges anywhere from 2 to 5 MHi, and from 6 to 23 MHz. This gives you great flejtibility for MARS operation and possible future amateur bands Crys- tais for Auxiliary Ranges are installed internatly, fn addition, the 350-XL provides reception of WWV at 5, 10. and ^5 MH2. without having to add any aux- iliary range crystals.

4. DIGITAL FREQUENCY READOUT

On the 350-XL, the optional Digital Dial can be in- stalked, and you still retain the conventional anafog cfiaL with the option of switching the digrtal dial off if you wish With the TenJec or YaesLi 301, you lose the analog dial if you purchase the digrtal dial modeL making you totally dependent on the digital iml

5. FULL BREAK IN CW

Only two rigs offer this feature,^ the Atlas 350-XL and the Ten-Tec ! The others are all 'semi^break- m". And the Atfas includes CW sidetone with pitch and volume adjustments.

6. NARROW BAND CW FILTER

This ts another standard feature in the Atlas, op- tional on the Ten-Tec . Yaesu, and Kenwood. Ours is an LR ftlter with 5Q0 fiz bandwidth, and shape factor of better than 3 to 1,

7. A.F. NOTCH FILTER

This 350-XL standard feature permits nulling out heterodynes and other interference. The Yaesu. Hy- Gain and Kenwood include a similar feature.

8.SPEECH COMPRESSION

The standard Atfas ALC system provides up to 20 dB of R.F. compression which increases your talk power and at the same time reduces "flat -topping" and splatter. An optional speech processor to pro- vide up to 2D dB additional A.F. compression will be

+ MADE IN AMERICA •^^••••••* + *•**••••* •*^

Jf We're very proud that every Atlas transceiver is rfiade right here in America^ (as are the TtiK jf ^ Tec and Orslte). We think thi American worker, and our empioyees in pariicufar. are the most J^^ ^ tafented. industrious people in the world. The quality and versatilfty of our transceivers we ^^ ^ proof of this. ^

And by using this American quality workmanship, advanced value engineering in design and ^ manufacture, and rigid quality control, the Atlas transceiver ts not only competitively priced ^ ^ with the imports, but is actually a better valuel ^

**•••••••••••*••••*•••••*••• *•*

^^^ Merry Chris imas and H off day Greetings from all the gang at At las I

available soon for instaHatJon in the A£ supply. The HyGain, Kenwood, and Yaesu also provide some form of speech processing.

9. AUXILIARY VFD

All of the rigs listed offer an optional second VFO for split fret^uency operation. But Atlas is the only one with an Auxiliary VFO that is not an addon box. The Atlas Auxiliary VFO plugs right into a space provided in the upper right hand corner of the front paneL Although miniature in size it tunes the same 500 kHz as the primary VFO. and does it smoothly with toarse and fine controls that have 10^ planetary drives. Green, yellow, and red LED's let you know which VFO you have set up for receiving and transmitting, Very neai. and all seff-contained.

An option to the Mode) 305 Auxif ary VFO js the Model 3t 1 crystal oscillator that provides up to 12 crystal controlled channels. It also plugs into the front panel just liice the 305. Wrnier controls pro- vide fine tuning of the crystal frequency.

10. MOBILE/PORTABLE OPERATION

The Atlas, Ten -Tec . and Yaesu, being solid state, are unique in that they will operate mobile or port- able directly from a 12-14 voh DC baUery Also, the solid state rigs are considerably smaller and lighter wemht than the hybrid rigs. The Atlas ts unique in having a very handy plug-in mobile braclcet for the 350*XL that makes it a simple matter to plug-in and go mobile,

11. OTHER 350*XL STANDARD

FEATURES include R.l.T. VOX, Crystal Calibra- tion, ANL. and Noise Blanker.

Compare the Atlas 350-Xl SSE-CW Transceiver with the others, and we think you'lf agrea the Atlas has everything you'll ever need in a transceiver. And it's made m America. And let us not forget to mention Our Customer Service which Is second to none. Just ask the ham who owns one.

Model 350-XL (less options). . . $99S. Model DDB-XL Digrtal Dial . . $229. Model aOBAuxiliarY VFO . $1SS.

^igt ATLAS

" ^^ RADIO INC.

417 Vi3 Del Monte. Ocsansfde, CA 32054

- Phone (7141 433-1983

. .c Special Customer Service DJreci Line

1714)433-9591

33

J. Tom BadgBtt K4MDK 1 91 7 W^mgton Street Bluefkid WV 247QI

Inside Ten-Tec

-' QRP innovators

I

t started with a telephone former president of Electro- field, a design engineer for call in 1969. Al Kahn, Voice, rang up Jack Burch- Began in New Jersey. Kahn

Dick Frey K4XU/WJFCC ts Ten-Tec's chief engineer. Ttte Century 21 is fiis design, and he's obviously proud of it "It works great on the bands, *' Dicti beams, and says he's finally doing the job he*s always wanted to do. That seems to be the spirit throughout the Ten-Tec operation.

had moved from Michigan to Seviervillei Tennesseei after he left Electro-Voice, and he wanted to get back into the mainstream.

''Hey^ Jack, come on down, and let's do some- thing/* he suggested in that first telephone call. To hear jack Burchfield tell it, a second request wasn't needed. He had so much con- fidence in the man he had worked with when he himself was at E-V, that Jack imme- diately packed up his family and moved south to Ten- nessee.

Both admit that Ten-Tac, Incorporated, a company now well-known for its solid state ham gear, wasn't formed in the conventional manner. Once they got together in Seviervillei the pair set about adding some kind of manu- facturing business to their tool and die shop already under construction. Hl-fi gear came to mind first, since both had a number of years of experience in the field.

A! says they rejected that idea pretty quickly becaiisCj '^We both were sort of tired of it. After the pioneering days were over, the fun went

34

out of it.'* They agreed, in- stead, that they should pioneer some form of ama- teur radio equipment for the beginner. And the Power Mite line of solid state transmitter and receiver modules was born.

Low -power, low-priced solid state kits for lh« ama- teur market was an idea whose time just hadn't come^ however, Ten-Tec sold fewer than five thousand of the units, and the ones they did sell went not to the beginner but to the guy with the S-line and the two letter call.

"If a Novice is going to work anybody with two Watts, he'd better have every- thing just about perfect," Jack said. ''So most of the equipment went to the ham who wanted the challenge and to the QRP group.'*

Whatever the reason, sales volumes weren't high enough to support the young com- pany, even though the multi- thousand square foot plant was paid for before produc- tion started. There were two founding principles they weren't ready to give up, though: low power and solid state design < The Argonaut was the next logical step^ and acceptance was a little more general, even though it stilt ran only five Watts. This was in 197L There were four more years of slim times before this guts-formed com- pany became a force large enough to be reckoned with in the ham radio market.

^ 'We're making money now/* board chairman Kahn says, '*We turned the corner with the Triton/'

One reason for the stow financial success may have been the company's strict dedication to treating the ham fairly. After the Triton came out. for example, it was decided that some design changes should be made. But before marketing the new unit, Ten-Tec made sure all the dealers knew a new design was on the way, and they instructed their dealers to tell Trilon purchasers a new box was coming.

Remmiscent of Ten- Tec i earliest beginnmgs, this htest design — a solid state CW transceiwr — began with a telephone call. Ten-Tec founder Af Kahn K4FW says he got three calls in quick succession from people wanting a reasonably priced station for large Novice classes. The Century 21 was the result - all solid state^ broadband tuning, 10 Watts input, direct conversion receiver. Complete with built-in power supply, the unit is selling for $289.00. This is a prototype, but it's all there. Nothing Is missing, even though there seems to be lots of room leftover inside.

Ten-Tec President Jack Burch field KSjU (left, standing) and Board Chairman A I Kahn K4FW (right, standing) watch as a technician gives one of the new digital Triton IVs an on-the-air

Ctt€Cl\m

35

Ei/en the power transformers for Ten-Tec equipment are wound at the Sevieryffte TN plant. A madiine autamaticaUy inserts l&mmathns in the transformer windings, then the whole affair is dipped in a seaiant and put on a rack to harden.

This coil winder is a Ten-Tec innovation. The machine is

attached to a digital tarns-counter^ which also is programmed to stop the winder after the proper number of turns has been applied to the form, it sa^s time and cuts down on errors.

The familiar red and black Ten-Tec iogo ready to go on a

Triton IV, or Argonaut ^ or f^eyer^ or Century 21, or power supply f or , . .

**lt probably cost us $25,000 to $30,000 to do it

that way/* Al says, **but we did it knowingly and it was the right move."

Design standards are strict, too. Until recently. Jack Burchfield was chief engineer as well as company president, and, with ten or fifteen years in the audio business, he naturally put sonne of that experience into the Triton — less than two per cent audio distortion, for example. Too, he saySi computer predictions show a useful life on the solid state finals of 25 years. (In thousands of Tritons shipped, only 5 final transistors have failed.) Each vfo board is individually compensated for temperature stability after it is built. Toroids, coils, cabinets, chassis, circuit boards^ dial mechanisms, transformers — they're all built under one roof in Sevierville, Tennessee,

What's the ham market like loday? Challenging, Jack and Al agree, and changing, A ham doesn't have to be an engineer anymore to have fynctional equipment, and, jack believes, more and more people are gelling into ham radio ''to talk to people, not to tinker/' That's one reason Ten-Tec is offering sophisti- cated gear that's easy to operate — broadband tuning, for example, and instant break-in.

Supplying the ham market is a little like trying to please all the people alt the time- It means keeping up with chang- ing technology, but, more- over^ staying abreast with what the buyer wants- To that end, a digital readout version of the Triton IV already is moving down the production line. Ri^t behind it is a solid state, CW-only transceiver, which eventually will grow into a complete station package — keyer, tuner, antenna* A kilowatt solid state linear is on the back burner.

The Ten-Tec company presents an unusual dichot- omy - state-of-the-art hard- ware and old 'fashioned

philosophy- Even though starting with all solid state equipment probably slowed the company's development, Al and Jack are adamant that whatever they design will use no tubes. They're putting those modern circuit designs in almost futuristic erv closures.

They work hard, on the other hand, to maintain a small -company, personal approach to the business as they grow. Even with $3 million in sales projected next year, there seems to be no worry about the company losing its personality,

•*We did it al Electro- Voice," A! reflects, "It's just got to start at the top and go down/*

Wherever it starts, the kcling is there. The people throughout the plant ob- viously take pride in their work. They're proud of the Ten*Tec equipment they're turning out. They seem to know a great deal about the work they perform, and there*s a comradeship among all the staff that's heartening in these days when most people seem reticent in their relationships.

It's encouraging, too, to hear a ham equipment sup- plier promise to supply state- of-the-art gear based on a good engineering design, maintain a five-year warranty on the product, and answer every query and comment on the equipment- Ham radio is growing and so are most companies supplying these new hob- byists. The hams at Ten-Tec have a move-carefully attitude - partly because theyVe not sure what direc- tion ham radio may uke in the ftjture. But Al Kahn is sure of one thing: 'Whatever you're doing, do it the best you can, and don't try to move into greener pastures until you can nail down your present job*"

That idea pervades the Sevierville planL It's as if everybody is walking around with a mouthful of nails and a big hammer, *

36

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COMPLETE KITS: CONSISTING OF EVERY ESSENTIAL PART NEEDED TO MAKE YOUR COUNTER COMPLETE. HAL-600A 7-OIGlT COUNTER WITH FREQUENCY RANGE OF ZERO TO 600 MHz. FEATURES TWO IN- PUTS: ONE FOR LOW FREQUENCY AND ONE FOR HIGH FREQUENCY: AUTOMATtC ZERO SUPPRESSION. TIME BASE IS KO SEC OR .1 SEC GATE WITH OP- TIONAL 10 SEC GATE AVAILABLE. ACCURACY ± .001%, UTILIZES iO-MHz CRYSTAL 5 PPM, COMPLETE KIT ., $149.00

HAL*300A 7-DlGIT COUNTER WITH FREQUENCY RANGE OF ZERO TO 300 MHz, FEATURES TWO IN- PUTS: ONE FOR LOW FREQUENCY AND ONE FOR HIGH FREQUENCY; AUTOMATIC ZERO SUPPRESSION. TIME BASE IS LO SEC OR .1 SEC GATE WITH OP- TIONAL 10 SEC GATE AVAILABLE. ACCURACY ± .001%. UTILIZES 10-MHz CRYSTAL 5 PPM. COMPLETE KIT $124.00

HAL-50A 8'DlGrT COUNTER WITH FREQUENCY RANGE OF ZERO TO 50 MHz OR BETTER. AUTOMATIC DECI- MAL POINT, ZERO SUPPRESSION UPON DEMAND. FEATURES TWO INPUTS; ONE FOR LOW FREQUENCY INPUT, AND ONE ON PANEL FOR USE WITH ANY INTERNALLY MOUNTED HAL-TRONIX PRESCALER FOR WHICH PROVISIONS HAVE ALREADY BEEN MADE. LO SEC AND .1 SEC TIME GATES, ACCURACY ± .001%. UTILIZES 10-MH2 CRYSTAL 5 PPM, COMPLETE KIT $124.00

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THE FOLLOWING MATERIAL DOES NOT COME WITH THE BASIC KIT: THE CABINET, TRANSFORMER, SWITCHES, COAX FITTINGS, FILTER LENS. FUSE HOLDER, T-03 SOCKET, POWER CORD AND MOUNT^ ING HARDWARE.

HAL-60OK (Same Spftcifications as MAL-600A) . ^_ $124.00

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HAL-0-300PRE (Pre -drilled GIO board and all com- ponents) _ ^ $19.95

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37

Eric ^alkhauser W9CJ 527 Spring Creek Road Washington IL 61571

The History of Ham Radio

-- part V

Reprinted from QCC Mews, a publication of the Chicago Area Cliapter of the QCWA,

The first amateur radio gel- together of any size was the St. Louis Midwest Convention in December of 1920, shortly after our li- censes became available !n 1919, No sooner had the enthusiasm at the St. Louis gathering died down, than the

ARRL Board of Directors proposed a national conven- tion.

In these early years after World War I, there was so much newness in everything connected with wireless, and there were so many orignal and worthwhile ideas to be aired, that no mere Morse code contact was sufficient* Voice communication had not as yet entered our ama- teur wireless channels. Am a-

Hurry Up Fellows !

WE DONT WANT TO MISS THAT FIRST TItAIN TO THE

FIRST NATIONAL A.R.RJ.

CONVENTION &, RADIO SHOW

IN CHICAGO

AUGUST 30lii to SEPT, 3nL 1921

Atmvtt «fO W iu»i filled ntih «|Tp«m» mnd

Ami Oh ih<iii t^Bl lijii^fikn-i ui|( Ik: ont uTvai

■ rTalrt

Ciomii aUiii^t tvUvuf*. i^iifI »pi itd five f^t thu

bptfj^ii'vl iImjii ot yuut Uf* with h n^l Uttr

US No. L« SaII* £1^ Cliicyo

MBHufacturvrj mn4 ^BftUri Hiihinp bsIi^^^I Apaf* flinuSil til'll* to

N. E. WUNDKHLICH 4SJ9 M«. S»wy«- At*.* ChUfltD

ALWAtt lU,VTTO?i Q ST WtHLH WHITtlvC TO ADVCKTUILmil

lot

teurs were on the verge of many new developments. Major Armstrong had an- nounced his **sing)e'* signal regenerative and then his supen^egenerative receiver de- signs. There were new circuits to be tested in the transmitter field, including the Colpitts, the Meissner, the Hartley, and the Heising, among others,

Amateurs wanted to be informed. They found them- selves in new technical sur- roundings. So, for the first lime, citizens of the United States and Canada, all interested in privately-owned and operated radio com- munication, decided to come together from far and near to a big first national con- vention.

The first ^thering of the clan took place from August 30 to September 3, 1921, at the Edge water Beach Hotel, located on the shore of l^ke Michi^n in Illinois, History relates ihat^ following the success achieved at this first national convention, it was ordained that two succeeding ARRL national conventions were also lo be held at the Edgewater Beach Hotel in Chicago at two year intervals - September 11 to 15, 1923, and August 18 to 23, 1925.

There was no telling what impact these get-togethers would have on the future destiny of amateur radio- Great effort and meticulous preparations were made for

months in advance to insure success. Everyone connected with the preparations hoped that this first national meeting would find at- tendance coming from the far reaches of the States and Dominion, representing all districts.

The midwest location proved to be a most stragettc and advantageous choice. The Edgewater Beach Hotel was at the Far north edge of Chicago, away from heavy traffic, with R.H.G, Mathews' 9ZN station located just to the north on the lake shore, spurting two tall Station towers, a mulLiwjre antenna, and up-to-date equipment in his spacious shack. All agreed that this was an ideal spot to congregate.

The convention committee had booked a large arena, the Chicago Broadway Armory, located within walking dis- tance of the hotel. About fifty manufacturers and dealers in ham radio gear of all description displayed and demonstrated their products. For the first time, amateurs had an opportunity to talk shop with those people who had kept amateur radio alive through their advertising in QSTf Radio Amateur News^ Wireless Age^ catalogues, and other literature. This was a ham's paradise!

The convention hall, where all the sessions took place, was a beehive of activity. There was no letup in making personal contacts, exchanging QSLs, and disr cussing many subjects slated on the agenda.

The Rrst Day

The ARRL President, Hiram Percy Maxim, ad- dressed the members with an inspiring talk concerning the aims and accomplishments which amateur radio had achieved in the relatively few years of the ARRL's organi* zaiion. In his introductory remarks, the founder of the League had the following to say:

^*A$ we meet and open this great convention, it is indeed

38

The First NJational A.R,R.L Convention

Radio SKow

Tne Convention

HUV liK Jiany ir^n of amltettr ndw thcw ha ifiwkf[t&i an intre^ilnf re la meet the titlicr fdlcnrf tfaai xn^ like jrmiipclf^ bfcrcsic^ m r^dio iipQ cither as m paaJtiae ac buBncu. Aad ixnv cosies a tk^ wfa^ j^our widies ibjll be grmlihtd-

VtDtf m OiKipii PCI Au^ttsl 30, 31,^ September i, 2 aiiif I, )^t^ the Amcncaii Radio Kclajr L«4i[uc wilt hold l Fiirt KttictnJtl ConveiUiaan afid lUdio Show, which averyotie ii cordialty jnvilr<| to aLtend

Otti:^go iji ilself « wcmilerfiiF Aumnier reiortp DJTerin^ everv apporninirv in arty j^iort or dav^uisn. Yon vtlt ncvi^r raf;¥V:t li^ri-ng spoil ;tart of your vacation TIk dct*tti frf the EOntrftiiiflD an i^«tttdinc1y «Tn|ffidHj»{Tv j»ti4 mi> of file converiticui wtlj be bSora up with ioierrMthff uvd ciuC^tifml cenfiMce and teettirei^ ben^ in kH i tnoH coti^ptete and iiMHifiu-iip<f [wafT^vin MomifipFv atftempfin; jtocl ei^tiii^ s^t futif arran;^ for^ Jia tint p>a win RCfirmlier iMi cfin^eistiai 3& vxne o( i]w mxm oijfifatUe ilji]rt 6f vtinr life.

T>irrc vtiU be [leeifile tlist ymi know and many iKat fou ifo not know tfnu will Im frcscni frtttn every district find city in ihti grrtat Uniml Sutcs. t'lnibaUy the nloal imporuni fcoturc rif the cofivetiiion will be tht luigc baiifjuer nn ihe ni|[hl of ^cpleinbci 3rd, and [here slioiild i>t nofie {jUin)^ to »i1lri]d. Mver^vlxHJj ttom Ihc Ymju^ Squiti up ta Presidcfit H«rdinc wiU \k I here to ptt* you tlw tqpr And leS jmi wtui a ireord statim Ik or tlie b fotPitE li» have Hut iu&cbl

Tbr fim day will be firoi ovrr cntinily to The ardhralt n^iiirstiiaa afid local ii^g of llie majiy ddesalML Tbc profEam will Hart pnx^ll|' ■! ten A. M, Aiifist J}itf io 3»a shoKild arrange to Inf in Quctfo Hntie lime di^riz^ ihe pferkiDs ftajr* Aufv^ IQitb

"We h»ve armiriftd to nccotninftdatc you at rhi! finest boi«U b the cjly, irery c]oi« lo all aclivtijfs„ at ratci from two dolfarv per day up

From ilic (norneni ihsir eatb delegate iiTi***, and ihfy ihould niM fereet to brnif iJbe ladntf. unlll iJicrr dtpartufe, ibe itlmast Qjt eonsideratuin will tie i|flvpi«d to their uletj, cttnlort and fdettnrc.

CodvaiitMa Ade^Mim will be ailaittl»4 t<> tlw Bieetlq^iv teditHft. speetrrt- rvpeifitiaiH and Um Ratfin Sfcaw witbnut any cfaacfc

tlanqMcf ct^rgE^ Will be fivE dfdlvo p^r plate, and rTscrvntirm^ slmutd he made imtnedi&lety with ccmventlD^ rescrvatiao min^gtt^

M. C. BOS lid N«i USdJ* StitHt

tlCtA*

a historic event . ., In years to come^ much will be said about what we do here at this first convention. We are strik- ing out into the unknown, and even the smaller actions which we take here during the next few days will weigh heavily in the future, for they wHl establish precedents and standards , , . Let us not for- get that we are pioneers, blazing a way many are to follow. Our responsibility is great, and we must so reprd iL It fs one thing to repeat what has already been done, but it is another altogether different thing to do what has never been done before. What you see before you here to- day has never happened in the affairs of man. Not only is it a great pioneer effort in radio history, but it is a great pioneer effort in political history. We American and Canadian citizens assembled in this room represent pioneers in the development of something totally revolu- tionary in the art of com- munication. The like of what we are doing and proposing

had never crossed the brain of man a short ten years ago. We already have a privately- owned, absolutely free con* tinentwide means of instan- taneous communication and no man may say we shall not make it worldwide." (What prophetic statements emerged from this gathering of dedi- cated and enthusiastic men!) **lt is no small distinc- tion," our President went on to say, "to be one of those who make history."

General and Technical Sessions

There would be no point in listing the names of the high and low notables in attendance. They were all present. The program com- mittee had topics scheduled for discussion pertaining to club organization, inter- ference control, observations of laws, legislative matters, message handling, and many technical subjects.

Charles H, Steward, member of the ARRL legisla- tive committee, reviewed pending legislation, a matter

The Radio Show

HE manolaeturcxs wi4 deatert' eidiiiiit k the fitv Nuiotiat fiaiBo Show* wbich js to be held tn conjinicliDnL with ibe coaventiQcip will be the taoft s^tilacviat cfrnglonicnstinFi oi Htodcrrv raitirt ^^i^aipmutC thai hss evcf tieen put on displjiy ui3di?r nite sooL Thm gorgeoui and pain|)uuK affair will Ik i/vell «vorili ihe trip ittelf'

The Btradiray Armoty, the mtm (nodem Miid laifcsi eichibit and wfivcniJcni boildiiif in ChicafE^ will be uted esjltrdy itx this great tbow.

Utildtd ima modiril exhibit biMilu and beaittifaDjr deettraud im mc icomS^ it wiH eqaal in vpleiutor any of tlH ancceiaful rnmaadtHAt ihnwi Tha M^pitaiJt «C ihe «SiJr is poijtrireljr MatKHkita^

It will indeed be a gnal thing for lite manufactuier and dealer, n-n il isi hdd •It a time thai 4:iuiik.q Ehe opcTiiiii; ot a new and more active r^dio seoson- Builfiesn coddLtioni tire j':ipidly irttpravjn|f mid a very nuccessful leaion is

predicted.

In iddJtKm to publktty (fana wikHit pufaIu:3lion«v droibn and pUc^iiii, lite daily iKunfapers widli eirttibfiiHi tivcr ihe nutlion maifc iriJI l<€ co!iph>ved Ui ^dv^nise tbe tihenr, Tliri thtxiiA nsult in i daBy aiiendlaiEf o( aBjubwe fnjm three tA eij^hi tbctsaftd at halemted penpie. The fesolt5 Ui Ulc aiirrrlitArl^ bodi direct md mdifvci. will be onpreGcdczttcd-

Thli is not R ni^ntry ntoltinff proposition and the brx^ttt* are beinf «nfd on apf^rosi^ini^Ltely a prnriita baaii. The rtttivrininn delegatei wil! be Bttnttited withnul charge;, imd Ih? eenttal pLil>3k wilt |»tiy an admiiJiioEi fee. Peritituient paiseit wiEl be ittued to cxhihitorii The th&nr yeM apcn at the aame time 3.^ itit e<rti¥eiiiioii, len A. M. Aufiut list, and ever>^inf muit be m fcadines« tbc day before

some ttasmA why evcfir iBinafiCTDrcj~ and d^er siwdid be ^i It la the tii£c^ 4»ff4tr that faai trttr hecA pruiBDted ia the afe of ntHn. It eQiax% at a time thai uut^ t)w optmn^ of the refutar r^dio sasoo. There wdl probibly be oter fen clmuEEand pe^jiile rcvicwmif the apparatus, fiy perioral contact with the field which he it *elltti|r he iiui)f jain gcmti ¥.M\. The exhibit cost is Itrrt- and the rtJultji will be big,

Ymir corapetitor may have an exhibit and if you do not — welU thiidc il ovtr.

There wil) be every accwpnodiiioD. available for the c^hiUliiiir, deleg^lei and the ffnent pidrfic The Ajmory H caoirefiiemly looted near ilie three holds 0] whkii the nsa^iy nf ifae dttciata will *^a^ TEici^ ate al^ excefleiir mmw^ OKtboa ^af by w|nf & wiU fspP^ ^'^^^ iparie and ^vxie iraBtnn^km for tfae nctplkm «f adubitots.

It witi be a long while befon such oppottqfiities as are hexe offered will sigsin be preioitedr

Han

which required constant at- tention. Seven bills under de-

bale in Congress at that par- ticular time related to sub-

39

jects concerning radio go!>

irol, radio regulation, and en* force men t_ Observations made at this meeting were that: **lf just two of these bills go through in their pres-^ ent form, the wavelengths, power, and decrement are then subject to control of the Commission, and ihey keep us champing around from one wavelength to another, in- creasing and decreasing the power available for amateurs. Constant vigilance is of vital importance to insure the ama* teur's place in the radio spec- trum."

Probably the topic which drew top attention during the convention, and which was subject to heightened debate, proved to be the controversial question of power factor in ham transmitter circuits. As one reporter remarked after- ward, ''Without a doubt, this debate was the main attrac- tion at the convention/*

There were staunch sup- porters of the two main par* tki pants in the discussion,

and it did not take long be- fore sides were chosen. At the outset, Ellery W. Stone from the west and W. B, West 8AEZ were the antagonists in this struggle for definition and thoroughness of detail for presentation of facts.

Said Mr. Stone: 'Tower factor is unity in any ac circuit in which inductive and capacitivc reactances cancel/'

Said Mr. West (ignoring inductance and capacitance): **\ confine my views in the

matter to the relation of real Watts to apparent Watts."

This confrontation went on for hours, with other par- ticipants joining, until all agreed that it appeared that the confusion lay in the defi- nition of power factor. There

was no common under* siBneing reached by the two parties. So it was decided, on the spot, to submit the ques- tion to the radio section of the Bureau of Standards, Washington, D,C The state- ment submitted to the Bureau read as follows:

**For information of National Convention of ARRL, please wire our ex- pense immediately: In a freely oscillating radio circuit, and in a forced oscillating circuit tuned to resonance with the impressed fre- quency, if the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude and op- posite in sense, is the power factor unity? One side con- tends that, according to pres- ent alternating current theory, the power factor is unity, and reactance are equal and opposite. Other side contends that resonance is that condition in circuit

which causes power factor to automatically assume that degree necessary for the com- plete dissipation of the power applied to the circuit,"

Within hours after the tele- gram was forwarded to the Bureau, the reply came back . . _ with the answer which, in essence, left both sides very much up in the air. Sup- porters of both Mr, West and Mr, Stone hailed the outcome of the reply as complete vin- dication of their respective sides. Even a committee thereupon appointed to review the entire discussion finally ended up by stating that they are not reasoning from the same premise. Most of those in attendance finally concluded by these vague de- cisions that another subject could be more productive and down to earth and headed for other meetings.

Of great interest to ama-

January. t920

QST

21

Q S t

January, l*"'

RADIO 9ZN

Bajto t£if, tk» tisfcififi «f Ibe Cculf*! Di*ij(iirii HuAccr, !■ lMAt«d at ESSf Shcridaa EpAd, CMcajio, tkl, on tfa« itron- of Laka MkhigsiL

Hie ttaLbn eausists of m t;wo ipoui, one ■tory fmma bsildltig- iituntpd cnidwuy \m- tweeti tho twa towers ■upporting th& AUteimQ. Thu liufldini^, townfi and pliLne of the nriiimnq ura in ft north-flnd-iouth line, at n tlintance of 00 fdnt fram the «dg? of tha take, He{iiiii¥e of thia l&cationn tbe station U tiLear of pnictle»Uf ail high bnJlduiKt And «bstraayi»iu In sU dInetloiUv

Tl» «fiM] b 91 fed h^, owr mR, tlk- Urwvn bcbuf of' ateelt 50 f«el h%!i. ma^ Utiv maala btli)^ slio of ute^l, 4^ feet If hviglsL Tbt to wen art ISO fevt Hp^Lit^ the tiEQ wfrei cfimpoaiii^ Ui« nntaziiu b^ai^ «p«eed c*iuiilly iR-lLtiiii thi» diiUn^o, in th's Wifll-kaovTi vortical fun foihian. The Aftrial wires are 7 itraitd No. SK tmntnl rnpper wirOt tho top cable bpinB T fttraT't No. IS phoafihor bronze, witii thret 10 i^ litcb Eiectrofl? triButfltors nt flacb omJ, THfl lood« end wire attached t4 Ut# t«wir ifddij of tba tasalat«n u« to pnrrldi downhft.^b

for the ciftblff tbootd i^ aerliil ^V9 way.

Tbe groond i^itraii of tbe sUtioa a perbaps one «f tbc pfiDCtokl lauotit for it» ■acE:eB& It i» co]Q|Hiti^d of tvo baaikft oiwwmt on« eOMMfag of Zd wirei (No. 14 hmrn copper) e*eJi SO feet loiscif buried ndiaiif from tb< stsUoat Bod tae otbvr coiudsdti;^ of It wires (7 fttuui No. 22 coppBT^ each lIQ fa«t long* barj«d sbuLuv }f. In additlnn, t^o "srircai, each 1D4 feet loTif; &r^ submerged in ther liiktj and a number of B fowt rods aTtB driven into the irround About th«; ^tattoiL

Power I4 provEdt^d by a 4 K'W- tipecbU liowcr line, iihoviTi in th9 illaetTBtioil:- TiJiipb4D« ii alio prortdedr tlut iiaiab«r

Hf^'Bad rotuT gmp^ Th& touut gsp is ei>Btatpcd wit^n a douMa wmlXed padded bbiTp just bdhmd li« unary* puMl, un wliJkb ar^ moiuittd ihe rmMatkok wmmwtWg power TsrsatiojD iwitfli, p^wer amfAtt^ and maifi Ewitcfa^ the tearLiformer being- dlrrctJj boivath the gap box, Tbe oQ cunderLAer U Immcdrntdr to th^A right of the> vwitebboudi and cootlct]. of 1200 wiuare itLehea of UnfoSI supkEiitAet by % iijcb plotc glan ifjuniers^d in trmtuformer oiL Thfl oKcillnU^n transformer U made of 1" s lis" brasFi ribbon and Is nidunted as nhown. Tha fuJI ti^otidenacr in mad for the A2$ mtter wmv«, but odI? & part It U»ed on 20 D me tent, the BinDunt belnff racb tkalt only ono tiurn o£ inifiiiitaiue b ii5sd

Thu roctirtr consiits of a Chlettp> Radio LjiboTjitory I^arag^n EA-ll abort wave re- j^Dnf^rittlire rtfoivor and AmpHflgon type AON-2 fiudlon eontrol and two stop ampll- 11 er. An A ad I a tt on tubo ia uaed for detector, W««t«rQ ElQctrie VT-i'a or Uarcoitl VTi being; used as unplifioiif- With tidi rteelT«r are luad Baldirm Mlea EHaptuagni beadpkiiiieeL Pr^cti^^r atl the hmg dstmeie junat^m- stji-tioi» wra ikeard n^ik tit« pliHfcs OB tbe tebli on arertfs nlielite; BU7» nd u 2CS, £25, BAF. BAA^ RgfC« 90T« iBH, «tiL, Uinf e^netafly hcBtd at dJMadacc* up to lOf feet tmm the b«adplunMt<i Six Isazm^vd metar itstlcmi irn beard slinl!u^« . At pMsent no lei ii

Efcivided for tofiffi^ w«tq Ifaan 000 metetfl, ut tm undamped wave rwttlvtr Ja under ccinstroctionp

Tbe tranfltnltter coTLsiste ^f n MBrconi (United W.T.Co,,) opan core 1 K^-W, tranA- 1 former^ hnrlnsr a steoTidary Toltage of 30,000, with itn oil Iniinenod plate glais condeoserf and a ChliUigo Eadio tiibOTstofy

In the priTHnry ofi thSs wqi?o.

Because of tbo high fundamental wave Ipftffth of the aoriftl (300 nietcrB) all 200 motor tmnamiBaion and rec^pHcrn oiu done through &€^ries fondenieTit the tiaTtamltttng Hrf« eomdeni^r irofialrtli^ of ITS ftquara tnehie of tin foil separated by % " plate

Slaaa iiiid ImEsened in oii Thle nnffesuer located jiut abev« the loader, which 14 Xi3ed for 4f 5 and tfOO ttet^r vkvil

ThjB iadiBi30q on 200 mebm Ii 8% ampsre^ and on 41B meten m 9 mmpttta^ the 4tfi hm^ mllj better itkatu wwald appear fToin a direct colB|^a^i■01l of tbc$« raadiiigfir beemiue of the ebmtsatioii of the pvHea condentcr^ and alio becHOMi of the irreater carrying aliility of thii wave.

th^ tQfi meter wave ta u&cd ordinarily, with a shift to 42 E to avoid interfennce OT to wdtJc ov^t RTonter than average' dtfl- tancea. The antwcrinj; wave of this etntien fa invariably ^00 meten, tmlotti otberwiee apeeified by the caltlnsj station*

(GoiiuJtided OQ page 31)

40

teurs who were still pur* chasing and installing spark gap transmitters was the sub- ject of broadband inter- ference. It was contended that spark gap unfts were doomed to fade out of ham stations, because the waves they transmitted on the air were not as sharp as a CW wave. It is true that they could be held better in recep- tion and did not have ten- dencies to jam each other, like the CW signals did. Atso, each spark on the band had an individual characteristic that identified it, and what distances could be covered {having 1000 Watts avail- able)! The overall sensEtivity and selectivity of circuits was a hindrance. The CW signals were difficult to tune and hold. Wave shifting was usually noticeable. Regenera- tive receivers had short- comings^ especially since they were asked to be equally ef- fective in bringing in CW, ICW, and the broad spark signals. Receivers lacked ade- quate control to meet re- quirements. Being regenera- tive^ they radiated energy and caused considerable interfer- ence, especially in more con- gested areas.

For most signal reception^ the oversized loose couplers in station equipment were still serving their major pur- pose. Donr»estic and foreign longwave stations were very much on the air with news broadcasts, weather reports, time signals, and general infor- mation. Many stations served as sources of code signals for

RADIO STATION 9ZN, 5525 SHERIDAN ROAD.

ChicagojUL fci r^t. . / l^^.-?^..

Your signals heard here. , . A'>^ ::....:' Audibility ....W. -S\^| . . _ . .

Characteristics , . , . , Note. _ ,

^ ^

•

Other informati Equipment at Transmit

Aeriai — ^1 0-wir: Wave lengt Hours- of opera

^ -a if*

ises : — 500 cycle 60 cycle, CW ani

n-Am] an, 90

375 mi

igli

inken pa ynchrono ophone se n (2rste|f) fL 1

itiyp

S01^

:'■*

&2N is the Central Division Distributing Station of the A, E. B, L* and will be i very glad to handle any traffic you may have at any time. Please QSL.

QHK ? .

« # t > f^ w ^

****** t

Operator, 9ZN,

practice - NAA, 2,500 meters; POZ, 12,000 meters; PL, 10,000 meters; and MUU, 14,000 meters, continued on the air for years.

So loose couplers were in constant use by amateurs until, with the introduction of the honeycomb-coil de- sign, units which occupied far less space but had equivalent inductance gradually replaced them. Amateurs also began to convert to shorter and shorter wavelengths with the move to CW and the appfication of available transmitting tubes* Amateur station layouts be- gan to take on new and re- vitalized appearances. Power supplies had to be designed and built to accommodate larger tubes for that new re- quirement of **iuice'* for the "bottles/* In turn, many new receivers were being built using variometers and vario-

couplers.

As IS the case each year, with the coming of fall and colder weather, radio condi- tions improved^ static tapered off, and interest in DX and relay activities increased. So the ARRL Board of Directors decided that a determined effort should be made to span the Atlantic via amateur radio. There had been an earlier try, not organized, that had failed. Undaunted, plans were laid by the ARRL traffic department an- nouncing that all radio ama- teurs should enter into a series of transmitter tests. Selections would be made to find the best and most far- reaching transmitters to qualify for the proposed undertaking. The following form appeared in QSTj September, 1921, page 12, directed to all hams:

"Traffic Manager, ARRL, 1045 Main Street, Hartford CT.: Please enter my station as a transmitter in the Trans- atlantic Sending Tests, Dec. 8th to 17th, I will be ready to transmit in the preliminary tests on Nov. 7th to 12th, and if I fail to cover the specified distance in the pre- liminary tests, I shall rdirn quish my rights to transmit in the final tests. Name . . - Call ... St . , . City . , . State . . . Power of transmitter . , . type (CW or spark) ,., greatest distance heard (give three records) . , .*'

The stated goal was: **We want the Atlantic Ocean spanned on schedule by an amateur station, and we want definite proof that it has been done." ■

To be continued

fro w page 16

videamateiir radio with growth and to offer 9 reasonable a I tentative to CB manufacturers to op&ning 3 Citizens Band in the amateur 220 MHj band. Now that history has eliminated the n«ad for a Communicator lic^se^ mi\ we be able to stop the FCC?

EDITOR iAL BY WA YN£ G8E6N

HAM GEAR FOR HAMS Somewhere around 300,000 ham transceivers have crowed over into CB hands so far . . . vifhere wiU it end? The manufacturefs and importers of ham r»gs estimate that about 75% or more of the new rigs end up in CB

Sure^ the use of these tran^eivers

by CBers in their ''HF" band, those diannels in the 27.5 to 28.0 MHz band, is ille9al But, Jike the S5 mph speed limrt the enforcement is so slight thai most C8ers use the bend with impunitv- On those frequencies^ up above the hurly-burlv of the "bottom 40," side banders sit and make skip contacts with eaie^ Their ham transceivers and ham power ampfifiers, aided by antenna installa^ tions which would make a dedicated DXer fidgety with envy, §ive them a very good taste of hainming.

Most of the^ chaps are much like the rest of us, a fact attested to by the large number of them who are getting their ham tickets. Recent estimates from a number of ham c\ub% indicate that almost 90% of the people m ham

classy ara CBers. Mo^ ham classes have a dropout rate of around 40%^ thoi^h this depends a kit on factors stKih as the instructors, the code tapes ysedj etc. The fact remains that very few of the HFers are among the dropouts. They seem to have a much higher decree of determination to succeeds The estimate is that at least 40% of the newly-licensed hams are now comfng from the HF group.

When you figure how relatively smell that group is. the number of HFers getting ham licenses is most remarkable. This a J so may explain why we have so far had only minor trauble with HFers bootfegging in the ham bands. The redneck crowd hasn't

Continued on page 190

41

R. J. Edmunds WE2BJH 48 Lakeside Trsil Kinnelon NJ 07405

Try BC B DX !

-- when you're tired of twenty

Many amateurs are familiar with DXing the foreign broadcast bands in the short waves, frequentty from having DXed ihem in the process of aiming toward their licenses. There is^ how- ever, another area of DXing which offers a far greater challenge to the DXer, al- though he can no more **work" this DX than he can the international broadcast stations- This is the standard

AM broadcast band, from 525-1505 kilohertz.

The hobby of listening on this band, Hke all other forms of radio listening which can be called DX, had its begin^ nrng^ with amateurs. Before the advent of the commercial broadcasters on AM with which we are most familiar, amateurs pioneered here, too* Many of the oldest broadcast stations are outgrowths of amateur or other experi-

mental operations. The first broadcast licenses were issued, indeed, for experimen- tation and development. Per- haps one of the most familiar of these is New York's WQXR, 1 560 kHz, which was formerly W2XR.

In the old days, there were only a very few frequencies being licensed, due to the small numbers of stations and low powers involved. The present set of frequency alio-

The author's shack. Left to right - clock timer with power selection pane/; stereo tape recorder; speaker, audio input/output distribution panel, 58-620 spectrum analyzer; variabie bandpass audio filter and HQ-J 50^

cations came into existence in 1934, when the old Federal Radio Commission became the familiar Federal Com- munications Commission. Actual commercial broad- casting, with commercial mes- sages being broadcast as a means of revenue, began in 1924 over station WEAF (now WNBC) in New York, which broadcast spots for a Long Island realty company.

The amateur practices of sending reception reports and rK;eiving QSL cards are also found in AM broadcast DX. Many stations will verify re- ceptions with QSL cards or letters, although the practice is by no means as prevalent as it was in the 1920s and 30s, DX nights were common during that time, as most or all domestic stations would leave the air at local midnight on certain days, leaving the bands open for exotic inter- national DX. Many old-time BCB DXcrs were able to hear and OSL stations in nearly every country which had them.

Today, however, with the over four thousand stations in the United States alone, many boasting extended schedules and higher powers, such a feal is impossible. It is, nonetheless, possible to log more than one hundred countries on the BCB. Country-counting is different from what it is on the ama- teur bands, and there are no DXpeditions to add to the totals, with the result that there are many fewer "BCB countries** than there are "ham countries."

But why should we DX BCB under these conditions?

Perhaps the best answer is because It's there. We could well ask ourselves why we DX any band at all, and the answers would be somewhat similar, BCB offers several challenges to the DXer, including hearing stations which are not intended for long distance^ international listeners^ but rather for domestic ones; the challenge of beating the local QRM;

42

and the old familiar countries, state capitals, counties or whal-havc-you lists. Another aspect of par* ticufar importance to begin- ners and youngsters is the low cost and ready availability of equipment.

Equipment

Alt it really takes to hear BCB DX is a standard AM radio of medium to ^od quality, and, perhaps^ a hunk of wire strung in the back- yard. The best portable BCB DX equipmeni consists of a transistorized receiver, with a toopstick inside for an an- tenna, which reuils for under $40.00 (the Radio Shack Long Distance TRF).

Of course, the DXer will likely wish to continuously upgrade his equipment, but a very fine setup can be assembled for less than it costs to equip a mull i band ham shack with a good set of equipment Communications receivers from the surplus market, including such makes as Hammarlund, National, HallicrafterSj Drake, or Collins, among others, are often ideal for BCB DX, Many enthusiasts consider the Hammarlund HQ-ISO to be among the top receiverSj while others opt for the Collins R-390A/URR. Any number of other receivers manufactured by the above companies, as well as mjliiary surplus units and current- production Radio Shack models, are also quite suit- able.

Antennas are generally a home brew situation, with a four-foot air core altazimuth loop with FET if amplifier being the ultimate of these. This is perhaps the most pop- ular antenna in use today, although the old standby longwire and tuner is still quite prevalent. One conv mercially available antenna, developed by a DXer and former corporate engineer, is the Worcester Laboratories' Space Magnet series. This an- tenna is a ferriteKiored loop with amplifier, available in several models in the $50.00

range from Worcester Elec- tronics Laboratories, Frank- fort NY.

There are many otl>er vari* ations of BCB loop antennas available as construction pro- jectSp commercially available kits, or assembled units. Many DXers experiment to obtain new designs which combine high directivity^ high "Q"j and small space con- sumption to suit their indi- vidual needs.

Among the most popular accessories are tape recorders, external Q-multipliers, audio filters, stereo headphones wired for mono, and osciIIch scopes or spectrum analyzers. The latter are used primarily for observing signal traces and band scanning for additional signals not immediately audible, as well as for identi- fying interference and fre- quency measurement. Most of these, liowever, are really not necessary.

Getting Started

Any new hobby can be confusing to the beginner, and so it is with BCB DX. There are, however, a number of very useful publications to be had. Many of these are published by the two national BCB DX clubs - the National Radio Club, headquartered in Louisville KY, and the Inter- national Radio Club of America, in San Francisco, The two clubs were at one time one, but, as is often the case with amateur clubs, a split occurred in 1964, resulting in the two clubs, Both cover the whole con- tinent and primarily the same segments of the hobby, al- though there are some dif- ferences in orientation. The NRC features more publica- tions and a larger member- ship, as well as a somewhat more technically-oriented outtooL

Each of these clubs publishes a regular bulletin, which is weekly during the winter DX season, and less frequent during the summer. The NRC publishes DX A/ews, which has appeared regularly since 1933. It also

publishes a domestic station log, night directional antenna pattern book, receiver and antenna manuals, and a large list of article repaints, I RCA publishes a foreign log com- piling all reported receptions on an annual basis, as well as a somewhat smaller list of reprints. Both publish intro- ductory booklets. A copy of an explanatory publication and a publication list may be obtained from the NRC by writing to: NRC Membership Center, P,0. Box 118, Poquonock CT 06064, A sample bulletin may be had for 50^, from the same address. Information on the I RCA may be obtained by writing to Richard Segalas, P.O. Box 26254, San Francisco CA 94126, An- other valuable publication is

the World Radio/ TV Hand- book, already known to many hams and SWLs-

Most newcomers to the BCB hobby start out with domestic DX {US. and Canada) and very little foreign DX. Even a casual listener will be aware that there are many stations throughout the U.S. and Canada which can be heard on even the poorest of equip- ment, and it naturally follows that the better the equipment and the more DX ex- perience on the band, the more and rarer the DX will be. Much of the BCB DX hobby depends on knowing what to took for and when to look for it For these reasons, one cannot take the publica- tions too tightly^ nor should the aspect of preplanning be

The author's shack. Variable audio filter^ HQ-JSO, and part of 4 ' altazimuth FET loop. At the extreme top left is a simple fixed tow pass audio filten Not shown are monchreel tape recorder^ cassette recorder^ and Nordmende Galaxy Mesa 6000 portable receiver.

43

A 2' oltQitmuth hop antenna for use with or without external

rf ampfifiefj modified and built by the author from 4' antenna design

ignored. Much time is wasted by beginners, who have passed the first plateau of hearing all of the regular and semi-feguSar sutions,bul have not v^l learned that simply sitting and waiting for DX isn*t good enough after that point

Propagation

The optimum time for BGB DX listening h between midnight and local sunrise, when many stations are off the ajr^ thus reducing inter- ference and allowing DX sta- tions through. In addition, many daytime-only stations test during this so-called "ex- perimental period" and may, thus, be heard at far greater distances than they are normally heard during their regular broadcast schedules. Monday mornings (Sunday nights} generally yield the most silent periods from full- time stations and the most tests from daytimcrs, and are, therefore* the most worth- while. Many stations conduct regularly scheduled tests during the experimental period, and lists of many of these are available from the BCBDX clubs.

Many DXers^ however, find that listening during these hours conflicts with

their normal lifestyle, and so such listening is confined to rare occasions. In this event, the DXer will want to capitalize on the other opti- mum period for BCB DX, namely the period around local sunset At this time, propagation conditions are changing due to the sunset, and many daytime stations are leaving the air for that reason. These two factors combine to allow for more distant reception of these sta- tions just before they do leave the air, TTie FCC has set out specified times for sign- offs and sigin-ons of domestic stations, which correspond with their average monthly sunset and sunrise- The re- sulting pattern ts an east to west sequence of sign -of fs, thus allowing for stations to sign off leaving stations further west still on^ and so on^ until a full-timer becomes dominant. On some channels, a DXer may listen and hear one or two new stations signing off in every fifteen- minute sigrhoff period- Maps detailing the zones of monthly sign-offs (or in some cases, antenna pattern changes or power reductions for full4ime stations), as well as the reciprocal times for sign-ons (and increases at sun-

rise), are also available through the clubs.

Propagation of domestic signals on BCB is generally accomplished by either ^ound wave, which follows the approximate line of sight, or by sky wave, which is reflected back to Earth in the ionosphere. Sky wave can be broken down into various levels of skip. In the daytime, the "D^* and '*E" layer:; of the ionosphere effectively prevent any significant long- distance skip on the medium waves. During the mid*winter period^ receptions at dts* tances of up to 1 000 miles via ground wave are not un- common, but, throughout the rest of the year, the average is much less.

At night, the "D" layer disappears, and the "E*' layer weakens significantly, thus allowing many signals to travel on to the **F" layer, which really is composed of two layers, known as Fl and F2, During the daytime hours, these layers separate from each other to a greater distance than they are at night, but this fact is not immediately relevant to our discussion. Both "F*' layers are capable, as is the "E'* layer, under certain cir- cumstances usually associated with geomagnetic disturb- ances known as "sporadic E," of reflecting signals back to Earth. To be technically cor- rect, the process is really refraction, but the ultimate effect is sufficiently similar to reflection to be so called here- In general, most of the ionospheric reflection ob- served at BCB frequencies occurs in the F2 layer.

Normally, ground wave is reliable at night, up to a distance of approximately 125 miles. Sky wave is generally the predominant mode of propagation from about 160 miles on up. The area in between is an irregular combination of the two, with neither one dominant. It should be noted that some sky wave components will be present, but masked, at the lower distances^ and that the

reverse will be true at the lower range of the higher group of distances- A single hop reflection from the F2 layer can propagate a signal over a wide range of dis- tances, up to nearly 2500 miles, depending upon the angle of radiation. A given transmitter will radiate at a multitude of angles, thus allowing it to reach the entire range of distances prescribed herein. Skyline blockage, such as mountains or large man-made structures, can pre- vent transmission at certain angles by blocking or absorbing the signal at either end of the path.

Long-distance (in excess of 2400 miles) propagation is primarily by multihop paths of F 2 reflections. Occasionally^ it may be possible for propagation by multimode paths, or other unusual modes, which are be- yond the scope of this discus- sion. Included among these is reflection by nighttime spcn radic E.

There are, however, other factors which materially affect BCB signal propap- tion. The most significant of these is that caused by auroral disturbances of the Earth's atmosphere. At such times, excessive absorption of sky wave signals by ionized particles in the ionosphere takes place and alters the character of reception in some areas. This alteration is geographically dependent, due to the nature of the Earth's magnetic field. It is most strongly noticed in ihc northeast, due to that area's proximity to the North Mag- netic Pole. When this happens, absorption occurs, depending upon the severity of the disturbance, on signals arriving from the north, northeast, and northwest In severe disturbances, or at higher latitudes, signals from the near southerly directions may also be absorbed.

This process leaves those signals which are ground wave, thus yielding signals from stations at an inter* mediaie distance arriving

44

solely by ground wave, as well as those sky wave signals arriving from such a distance and/or direction as to escape

the absorptive layer. Thus, signals from the souths semi- local, and local signals will predominate. It may be seen,

then, that the sertous DXer on BCB will frequently be as hampered by an aurora as DXers at higher frequencies are aided by it.

Planning and Recordkeeping for the DXer

Perhaps the most impor- tant part of BCB DXrng in- volves planning the DX ses* sions. As noted earlier, there comes a time when simply turning on the receiver and aimlessly looking about for new stations becomes non- productive, Ai this point, the DXer should set about com- piling realistic targel station lists for each time btock he plans lo listen. Factors to be taken into account are inter- ference, distance, s^son, and even month. The first two factors are obvious, but the tatter two can use some ex- planation. In BCB DX, winter tends to be the primary time to listen, due to the shorter period the atmosphere is ex- posed to sunlight, thus allowing a lesser period of ionization to occur. Likewise, a case has been made for better propagation due to cold weather. Antenna radia- tion patterns ^re altered somewhat by a covering of snow around the antennas, and large fronts of snowy weather can often affect i ntermediate-range propaga* tion by sky wave.

The month of the year is a direct factor in the sunrise and sunset times already dis- cussed. Use of the maps of these times for domestic sta- tions, as well as maps depicting actual sunrise and sunset times worldwide, can aid in planning the DX ses- sion by allowing you to deter* mine when the signal path is in darkness, which predicts good propagation, or partly in sunlight, which does not. The domestic maps also allow

the DXer to determine which stations lie closest to the borderline between one sign* off (or sign-on) block and another At sunset, those sta- tions closest to the previous block will be more likely to be heard than those closer to the following block, again due to the relative degree of darkness on the path. At sun- rise, the reverse is true for sign-on DX. Even this differ- ence of five or ten minutes in actual sunset or sunrise times among stations signing on or off simultaneously can make a significant difference.

Recordkeeping is a major part of planning, and it is also a part of "saving" your DX, Records of monthly sunrise- sunset maps for the most productive domestic fre- quencies may be reused year after year, as can lists of target stations. Identifying a station with marginal audio may require not only a knowledge of the rudiments, such as call letters, location, and network affiliation, but also a knowledge of program- ming type, special or local networks, telephone area codes, postal zip codes, sports programming, and program syndications. All of these can be used to shed light on the identity of a station for which you can pin down neither the call letters nor the location.

As noted at the outset, many DXers write for QSL cards, or "verifications of reception/' This requires maintaining a log of what is heard, with an emphasis on items of local nature, ad- vertisements, personalities, and phone numbers. This may be done via logging sheets for the long term, and by tape recordings, in order to put the data down on the logging sheets accurately. Tape recordings also allow you to play back partially* readable IDs or tentative IDs for analysis and ultimate identification. Many DXers maintain "ID tapes" which contain the station IDs re- corded from DX sessions and rerecorded onto the master

Location

Los Angeles

Nashville

Nevy York

Chicago

San Francisco

Montreal

Cincinnati

Chicago

Toronto

Atlanta

Detroit

New York

Chicago

Schenectady, NY

Fort Worth

Minneapolis

Loutss/ille

Oenver

Toronto

New Orleans

New York

Chicago

Pittsborgh

Des Moines

Los Angeies

Cleveland

St, Louts

Salt Lake City

Rochester, NY

San Antonfo, TX

Philadelphia

Tabie I. Clear channel stations. All of the above stations broadcast on channels designated as **cfear'' channels by North American Radio Broadcasting Association agreements. All broadcast with 50^000 Watts and nondirectional antennas on a full-time basis.

kHz

Call

640

KFI

6S0

WSM

660

WNBC

670

WMAQ

680

KNBR

690

CBF

700

WLW

720

WGN

740

CSL

750

WSB

760

WJR

770

WABC

780

WBBM

810

WGY

820

WBAP

830

WCCO

840

WHAS

S50

KOA

aeo

CJBC

870

WWL

880

WCBS

890

WLS

1020

KDKA

1040

WHO

1070

KNX

1100

WWWE

1120

KMOX

1160

KSL

1180

WHAM

1200

WOAI

1210

WCAU

tapes. This creates a semi- permanent record of the indi- vidual's DX catches and pro- vides a proof of reception as well, although not in the same way as verifications.

What Can You Expect to Hear?

The beginning DXer mighi best start by trying to log as many stations on each channel as he can by day and by evening before settling down into the "DX prime time." This will weed out the regular stations from the non- regular and will give the DXer a familiarity with the band, so thai he need not waste time trying to ID an un- needed station. Following that, one might try to hear all of the 50,000 Wati, class 1 A "clear channel" stations, altsl of which is shown in Table 1 .

If foreign DX is more to the DXer's liking, or domestic DX has become boring, the beginner's goals should be toward Latin America initially, and ultimatelVp de- pending upon his geo- graphical location, to trans-

atlantic or transpacifrc DX. Here, the World Radio/ TV Handbook is a must, in order to set up target stations, as well as to assist in identifying what is heard. Due to the fluid nature of many of these Latin American stations, as well as some differences caused by the listener's loca- tion, no list of widely heard stations will be presented. Such information, as well as information on transatlantic or transpacific DX, can best be obtained by joining one of the aforementioned BCB DX clubs.

By this time, you have either gotten Interested in the concept of BCB DXing, or not* If you havu, the best advice is to start out with some fairly easy targets, and to contact one or both of the two clubs mentioned. If you feel that you require still more information, again, you should contact one of the clubs, either for their descrip- tive material or to purchase a copy of their beginners* pub- lications. In the meantime, good DX! ■

46

E, Doren Vi/A6THG/KH6 58 Manaoiana PlacB Hilo HI 96720

Build An Engine Analyzer

use your scope

(

If you are anything like me, you hate to pay some- one dse to do something you can do yourself, and that's

the way it is with me and my automobile. It has occurred to me that I constantly find myself involved with elec* tronics. Yet here I am, a self-professed expert, and I have no way of taking on the complexities of the common Kettering automobile ignition system. Or do I?

Recently, my daughter, Marie, gave me a beautiful automotive liming light. It's a real peach, with an extremely bright flash, and operates from the car battery system, *'Hey neat - , , just what I always wanted," and, with that, 1 ran out to the trusty, rusty Pinto and eagerly hooked up the light to the four-banger gas burner-

The instructions say to hook the red and black wires

on the light to the positive

and negative terminals of the car battery and then clamp the induction pickup around the number one spark plug wire. Elementary, so far. With the engine running, and being careful to watch that those dangling wires don't drop into the spinning fan blades, I gently squeeze the trigger on the gun and watch the light spring to life* I love gadgets, and this one had all the ele-

Photo A. This photo shows how the vertical input to the scope is coupled to the high tension lead from the distributor to the coiL Notice that it is only clipped to the insulation and does not maf^e direct connection to the wire.

ments of being some real fun.

Now, I have fiddled around some with automotive problems and knew that the timing marks are found on the side of the front pulley* All that has to be done is to rub some chalk into those marks, so you can see them easily, and, with the timing li^t aimed at the spinning pulley, press the trigger and watch the strobing action, as the number one cylinder fires the timing light.

Somewhere back in my mind, I recalled that I had overlooked a few small details. Let's see . . , yes, the books did tell me that the vacuum advance line to the distributor must be pulled and plugged (I used a 6/32 bolt from the funk box), but wait, what's this? ... 'Timing must be adjusted with the engine running at manufacturer's specified rpm. If necessary, use a tachometer to set idle rpm."

Weil, I don't have a tachometer. The first thought that went through my mind was to run out and buy one, but that didn't settle well with me. But 1 needed to figure how many revolutions per minute that little Pinto engine was turning over, and with a fair degree of accu- racy.

We've all seen the modern, automotive electronics shops, with their big engine analyzer scopes aJl nicely calibrated, but who among us is going to rush out and buy one of those? What I do have is a pretty fair B and K model 1461, 10 MHz, triggered oscilloscopep with eighteen calibrated sweep ranges. It seemed to me that that should workj somehow.

The problem was inter- esting and one that took my thinking through many phases. I began by thinking in terms of how the combustinn engine works- It takes a fuel/ air mixture into the cylinder on a downstroke, compresses it on the upstroke, where it begins burning the mixture by sparking the plug some- where before top dead center.

46

The resultant explosion gives us the power downstroke. Finally, the cylinder on the last upstroke exhausts the by-products of burning. Our problem is to fire the plug at just the correct time on the first upstroke before top dead center and do this timing with the engine run- ning at a specified number of revolutions per minute. The timing light flashing on the timing marks will show us the answer to the first problem, but that rpm problem must still be figured out. Remem- ber^ that cylinder fires only once for every two engine revolutions.

What we must do is get a good, stationary display of all cylinders firing on our scope, so we can measure the dura- tion of all cylinder firings in time. With an externally triggered scope, this is a dngh. Take a clip lead and loosely couple it around the number one spark plug wire. I just use an ordinary ctrp lead with an alligator clip on one end. Clipping this around the plug wire gives me plenty of induced pulses to easily trigger the scope (see Photo A). Switching to external trigger, the scope will now make, one sweep^ from ieft to right across the tube, for every firing of that number one cylinder, Then^ by coupling the vertical input of the scope to the high tension lead coming out of the center of the distributor in the same manner (see Photo B), your display will show the firings of all cylinders in exactly the sequence they actually are firing. In the case of the Pinto^ it will be, first, number one cylinder, followed by three, four, and finally, num- ber two. It's a simple matter to immediately see if all plugs are firing, and also to see the relative amplitude of the spark voltage to each cylinder. The vertical gain control, along with the vertical positioning control, can be used to bring the voltage peaks of all firings onto the scope face. Just remember, we are only look-

ing at induced voltage through the insulation of the spark plug wire. We have not connected our scope directly to any bare wire, as the plug wires can carry well over 10,000 Volts of ac. In some cases, it may help to put a 2200 Ohm resistor and .05 capacitor across the input of your scope, to dampen out much of the high frequency information we are not inter- ested in. Some experimenta- tion is called for with the exact values. Nothing is very critical In this department.

Years ago, I learned a remarkable thing that turned out to be a gem of knowledge, and, after having spoken to other people in electronics, was very surprised to learn how few understood this fact. Very simply stated: 'Time in seconds is the reciprocal of frequency in Hertz, and fre- quency in Hertz is the reciprocal of time in seconds." Those of you who knew all along can smile, but those of you who didn*t should read and reread that until you understand its exact meaning, because, with this little nugget of knowledge, many mysteries of the oscil- loscope become child's play.

Remember, we want to measure engine revolutions in time — specifically, revolu- tions per minute. Because^ as stated above, frequency in Hertz is the reciprocal of time in seconds. All we must do is measure, with the scope, the time for all cylinders to fire, take the reciprocal of this time in seconds to get frequency in Hertz, and then multiply by 120^ thereby getting revolutions per minute. {Remember, thj^-t cylinder fires once every other revolution; therefore we must multiply by 120 rather than 60.)

If we look at a calibrated sweep oscilloscope, we see that sweep time is usually measured in milliseconds or microseconds per division on the graticule over the face of the tube. All we must do is count the number of divisions, generally centi-

SCOPE

GN1TI0N SWITCH

-=- BATTERY

Fig. h

meters, multiply by the indicated number of milli- seconds or microseconds per division of the sweep time scale of the scope, and take the reciprocal to find fre- quency. At this point, a small calculator is an immense help, unless you like to do long division with a penciL

As an example, suppose we have connected our scope up as shown in Fig. 1 , and we are driving a four-banger. Our sweep time is set for 5 milli-

seconds per centimeter. As seen in Photo C, the time between firings is 6.6 centi- meters. Multiplying this by our sweep time of 5 milli- seconds per centimeter, we find that time between firings ts 33 milliseconds, or 132 milliseconds for four cylin- ders. Taking the reciprocal of 1 3 2 m i 1 1 iseconds and multiplying by 120 reveals our engine revolutions to be 909 revolutions per minute. For those of you who hate

Photo B. This shows the method of obtaining the external trigger pulse from the number one cylinder. Notice that the wire is only loosely coupled around the plug wire and does not make direct connection.

47

Time for all cylinder

Engine rpm

firings irt milli&econds

400

300 ms

450

266 ms

500

240 ms

550

218 ms

600

200 ms

650

185 ms

700

171 ms

750

160 ms

800

150 ms

8&0

141 ms

900

1 33 ms

950

126 ms

1000

120 ms

1(B0

115 ms

1100

109 ms

1150

104 ms

1200

100 ms

Fig. 2,

Photo C With the sweep time of the scope set to 5 ms per centimeter^ we see the time duration between two firings to be 33 milliseconds. This represent is 909 rpm on a fa ur<y Under engine.

this kind of math, refer to Fig, 2, where I have figured out ail firing times and con- verted them to rpm for you. Although the scope could have been set up for a display of all four cylinder firings, 1 personally feel a little more accuracy is possible by using an expanded sweep and measuring the time for one cylinder firing, rather than by

mutti plying by the total number of cylinders. There probably isn't much differ* ence, so it will boil down to what each individual feels most comfortable witK

To set the curb idte speed of your car, it is always best to refer to the manufacturer's specs, either in the owner's manual or in a local library, in a good automotive manual.

I like Chilton's Motor Manual myself, and find it very com- plete- Generally, it's a matter of adjusting the correct screw on the carburetor. Curb idte speeds will vary, and the specs may call out different rpm for such cases as cars equipped with or without air conditioning, etc. Once the idle speed has been properly set, the timing can be ad- justed with the fight This involves loosening the lock nut under the distributor and gently turning the distributor, while watching the timing

Photo D. Overall test setup used to determine the rpm of the Pinto, The ground connection of the scope is made to the bumper.

marks on the front pulley in the strobing flash of the timing light, Timing will also increase or decrease the engine rpm, so you may fmd yourself going back and tweaking the curb idle adjust again.

A word of caution is called for here. Adjustment of engine timing and curb idle speed will affect the emissions of your car. Go slowly the first time, consult your manuals^ and set your car up by the book. Don't forget to reconnect the vacuum line back onto the distributor when you are finished.

It is beyond the scope or intent of this article to go completely into electronic engine analysis and tune-up procedures. Others before me have done this with more success. All I have attempted is to introduce to you the elements of using commonly available test equipment, rather than buying specialized equipment. I have found that, with a basic singlc^trace, trig- gered scope, using calibrated sweep and a good VOM, almost any problem in the ham shack or shop can be solved with a little thinking and some understanding.

At today's prices for auto- motive analysis and tune-up, it won*t take long before my simple equipment will pay for itself. Even if it doesn't, the satisfactions of doing it your- self, saving, and learning in the process, are the real long- term payoffs. ■

m

SCR 1000

state ot the Art in VHF FM Repeaters

2U

•now 220llimxl

Optional Cabinet $130.00

QuaKty Speaks For Itself I

t*

. The quality of the audio is unbe/ieyab/0 — b true r^foduction of tfw input it reBtty does sound fike simplex. The receiver sensitivity of our Spectrum system is at feast twice the Motorola system we had in ser- vice. We have 24 Watts out of our Sinclair Dupiexen We aff have fallen in love with your machine . . . Again, thank you for an excellent piece of equipment. We are certainly glad tha t we purchased a Spectrum WOO Repeater/'

Jim Wood W3WJK

Trustee WR3AHE

Butler County Amateur

FM Assoc, Mars PA 16046

^The Model SCRtOO Receiver has proven to be a fine unit We have had ft in operation for nearly a year and it has been entirely troublefree. ^'

H. Townserrd

Stone Harbor Amateur

Radio Klub (SHARK)

Cape May NJ

'We are quite pissed with the opera- tion of the repeater and are very proud of it Thanks for producing such a fine product"

D.Totel W9NJM

Wheaton Commur^ity

Radio Amateurs, Inc.

Chicago area

^'During the first part of the year I bought B repeater from your firm and I thought you might be inter- ested to know it is working out Just fine. You have a product that more than meets the specifications you claim , . , In the receiver you have a winner, the intermod is negligible , . * We have many other repeaters both amateur and commercial in the area and a$ of yet no problem . , . In closing, I would like to thank you for producing a product that does what is expected of it In dits world one seldom gets what he pays for; I feel our group has bought and received our moneys worth/'

Jim Todd WASHTT DaUasTX

The SCR1000 — simply the finest repeater available on the amateur market . . . and often comparaJ to "commercial" units selling for 3-4 times the price! This is a 30Wt* unit, with a very sensitive & selective receiver. Included is a buitt-in AC Supply, CVV IDer, full metering and lighted status indicators/control push-buttons, crystals, local mic, etc. Also provided are jacks for emergency power, remote control, autopatch, etc.

A full complement of options are available: Duplexers, Cable, 'PL*, HI/LO Power, Autopatch, Racks, eic. Please Inquire, The Spec Comm Repeater System ... a sound investment . . , available only by direct factory order. $950.00 Amateur Net. Commercial price somewhat higher.

Repeater Boards & Assemblies Also Available: SCRIOO Receiver, SCTIOO Exciter/Xmtr., BA10 30Wt. Amp., CTCiOO COR/Timer/Control Board, IDIOO IDer - inquire. (See previous ads in 73.)

Cafi or write today and get the detaifsf Send for Data Sheets f

SPECTRUM COMMUNICA TIONS

1055 W. German town Pk., Norristown PA 19401 (215) 631 1710

■ formerly of Worcester PA ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

S8

49

Bill Hosking W7JSW S626 E. Clarendon Scottsdale AZ SS2S1

More Repeater Control Devices

-- control unit/audio interface

Over the period of the last two or three years, I have designed, built, and installed a fairly complex control system for a system of five repeaters. Three of those repeaters are local or co-located with the primary control system, while two are remote, located from 20 to

50 miles from the primary site. Since the system is now fairly well finalized, I decided to publish it. None of what ts to follow was consciously copied from any other source, but, with a project of this magnitude, there are bound to be some out there who can say, "Hey, that's my

PRIMARY OB LOCAL SITE

w

TELE^HDME

F-UBLIC PHCME UME3

LEftSe FROM PHONE

I

COUPLER

HELAT

AUOO

CONTB STST£J«

CONTROL

ON/OFF

CONTROL

jumio

XMTR

L

1PTT AkJO

kJOlO

^D'E»

AUKlLfAAlf FUNC'^'CMS

^

rf tiitic

IIEWDTI SrTE

Ktnu

I

■ O'ER

AUQIQ

cowm

CONTHdiL

ON/OTF

UPTB

V

Fig. L Control system block diagram. Entry is via public telephone using a Ma Belt coupler. The control system then either controls the local repeaterfs) directly or activate a link transmitter to relay control tones to a remote site.

circuit." To them I offer my apologies.

The total repeater control system is shown in block diagram form in Fig. 1. All primary control functions are carried out via tone codes on public telephone lines. There is a control phone termina- tion with a Ma Btrll coupler on it. The coupler answers the line and connects the audio into the control system. It also hangs up the phone after a certain period of tima After the control phone number fs dialed, a two digit control sequence is sent with touch tones"'' ^ /The present equipment at the phone site has the capability of about 30 functions, but that can be changed to fit system needs.

In order to control the remote sites through the same system, one of the local con- trol codes wtif turn on a 450 link transmitter and couple the telephone audio to the transmit ler. Activating that code also inhibits all of the

other functions at the local site while the remote is being functioned. Each of the remote sites has its own complete decoder system and its own set of control codes. The sites have a 450 receiver coupled into the control system. Under our present system, each of the remote Sites has the capability of about 15 different functions, but here again ^ that is ex- pandable to fit different corv ditions-

In addition to the control functions at each site, each has an audio interface board for the control decoder and an identifier. The identifier is a CMOS version of my original identifier circuit which appeared in the September, 1976, issue of 73. As of this writing, the audio interface board design is not completed. I expect to com- plete the design in the near future. The basic theory and block diagram will be included later in this article.

The entire repeater control system is built around a two digit function code. The use of two digits was the end result of much discussion about various code lengths. It was decided that the added number of functions available or the added security afford- ed by more than two digits were not really worth the increase in logic complexity or cost.

The system started out entirety in TTL for economic reasons. The control at the local site was the first built and is still TTL, but the remote site equipment is CMOS and any expansion to the system will use CMOS. Only the CMOS circuitry will be discussed in this article.

Basic Control Function

The basic control function is shown in block form in Fig. 2. It consists of a tone de- coder/clock generator and a function ctecoder. The way the system is laid out, each function decoder provides one primary function and up to four auxiliary functions. The way it works is that each

50

function decoder module accepts a unique primary digit (i,e.j a 1) and then a second digit (i.e.^ 2) to com- plete a given function. The primary function has separate two digit ON and OFF codes having the same first digit (le,, 1-2 ON, 1-3 OFF). The auxiliary functions all have separate ON codes, but all share a cdrilmdh OFF code (i,e., 14, 1-5, 1-6, etc, ON, 1-0 alt OFF). It is possible to wire the function board to provide more than one primary function^ but t didn't do it that way because it used up more of the available codes. Also, although it is feasible with this scheme, I steered clear of repeating digit coding such as 1 -1 ,

Notice, also, that I show the digit going to the func- tion decoder modute(s). The ^ is a master reset which shuts off all functions at a site simultaneously. The # is used as a reset function for the initial logic states simply to eliminate possible func- tioning of an Lindesired code if doing two in sequence. For example, a sequence of 1-2 -# would turn on a function and then reset the initial stages of the decode logic. An automatic reset function is also provided which performs the same function about 10 seconds after the last tone is sent. The # and automatic reset are ORed on the de- coder module, and both appear on the reset line.

Due to the many different control requirements and the low drive capability of CMOS circuits, I also provided an interface module which can provide either relay or transis- tor outputs or both.

Audio Interface Module

The as yet unfinished audio interface module is shown in block diagram form in Fig, 3. The module will provide the wide range age action which Is so vital to proper 567 tone decoder operation plus high group/ low group tone filtering, which, while not strictly a necessity, will provide for

more stable, false-free de- coding. At the present time, I do have age amplifiers on all of the decoders, but [ am unhappy with the sensitivity of the circuit to the parts used. I (hopefully) will have a new design done in the near future. Also, since I'm not happy with the present cir- cuit, I haven't designed a printed circuit board as yet.

Tone Decoder Module

The tone decoder module consists of a set of 567 tone decoders^ a clock generator, and a reset jgenerator. The basic 567 tone decoder cir- cuit is almost right out of the Signetics Data Book^ with only a couple of component values changed. The block diagram of the module is shown in Fig. 4, and the complete schematic in Fig, 5, NE567 tone decoders have been discussed by me [73 , April, 1976) and many other authors^ so I will forego any detailed circuit description in this article- It should be remembered, however, that the 567 output goes low with the tone present and that the NOR gates on the outputs are actually functioning as AND gates.

A look at Figs. 4 and 5 will show some circuitry not included in most decoder circuitry, but which is most necessary to allow sequential decoding* Those circuits are a clock generator and a reset generator. Gate U11 forms a circuit which will provide an output whenever any column tone is present The output of this circuit is used to drive the clock and reset pulse gen- erators.

As you look at the clock and reset circuits, you may well ask, '*Why the gates instead of monostable multi- vibrators (74121, 74123, 14528)?" Well, the TTL version I mentioned earlier uses 74121s, and they gave me fits with false and double triggering. The CMOS version wasn't readily available to me*

While experimenting one night, I stumbled on the cir-

AUy. FUNCTION©

RCVR OR PHONE

RESET

AUDIO

TO ADDITIONAL MODULES

OTHEfi REPEflTERS

Ff'g, 2 Baste control decoder block diagram. The numbers in the blocks are separate modules (J: audio Interface; 2: tone decoder; 3: function decoder; 4: Interface). The outputs of the tone decoder module are TTL logic levels. There Is one output for each digit plus * and #, fn addition, there are clock and reset pulse generator outputs. These outputs drive the function decoder module(s). The function decoder outputs^ via appro- priate interface module (s)^ control the repeaterfs) and aux- iliary function(s). The Identifier module is a separate^ indepen- dent module requiring audio and PTT to the repeater.

AUDIO ^^

INPUT '^

r

INPUT LEVEL

■)h

l20&-l477:Ht

TO

■DECODER COLUMN rNPUTS

"){

697-941 rt?

TO

ROW tWPUTS

Fig. 3, A udio Interface block diagram. Incoming audio passes through an age amplifier which provides a constant output for inputs varying from about 50 mV to over 1 volt rms. The audio Is then filtered into high and low tone group ranges for input to the tone decoder module.

LOW efiOU-P

E\=>- )h

IMfUT

697,

7 70

65 Z

i_ 941

HIGH GftOUP

mpiij

1209

1^36

1477

[> E C Q (3 E R

C

I R

■e I

T R

Y

r ^^1

L7402J

N'

:i

^

:2

-f — 15

^4'

:4

:5

^6'

:6

'7'

'3'

]7

]©

9

'*^

:c

te"

-CZZlio

< — 111

CLOCK/ RESET

GENERATOR

CLOCK

]S

RESET

JC

+ t2V

REG

22a

-P-+I5V

/

EDGE CONNECTOR PINS

t.&i >

■GROUND

Fig, 4. Tone decoder module block diagram. The basic decoder consists of seven 567 decoder ICs and three 7402 gate packages providing logic outputs for digits 0-9, * and #. Additionally y the module contains clock and reset generator circuitry. This circuitry provides a clock pulse output every time a digit Is decoded and a reset pulse 7-10 seconds after the last digit is decoded.

51

4liDlO \Z>

(A)

^EM^

m

U9

UIO

ca — f

^\ —

Ht

R2

R»

'g.

^a'

r>.

C3^ I?) ^

RZ ■ R4

PL>"-

'fi-

C^

'0'

/©;

STROBE

i^^'t

(C)

E>

C3

R3

^R5

r3I>

FieSET

m

Fig, 5, Tone decoder schematic diagram, a) Individual 567 decoder; the remaining six are identical, b) Digit decoder connections* ICs U8, U9, and UIO are 7402 quad NOR gates, c) Clock and reset generator, UJ / and UJ2 are CMOS gates 4025 and 4001 ^ respectively.

Guit of Fig. 6, and it worked so simply and reliably that I replaced all my monos tables in the CMOS designs with the gate circuit It works in a very simple manner. When the in- put goes high, it charges the capacitor C to the supply voltage. Then, when the input goes back low^ the capacitor has no place to discharge Except through the resistor or through the input of the CMOS gate. Therefore^ the output of gate Ul is a pulse whose duration is determined by the time constant RC,

As a matter of routine on this and all the other mod- ules, I provided LED indica- tors on each digit output plus the reset and clock pulses. By this time, LEDs had gotten so reasonable in price that I put one on every control signal^ which could be useful in determining proper circuit operation. The LEDs are driven by high gain transistor switches such as IVJPS6521s.

Function Decoder Module A schematic of the func-

tion decoder module is shown in Fig. 7. Since each user would have different coding and different modules within a given system configuration, I have indicated the digits simply as D1, D2, etc.

The basic function de- coder building block \% the D* type flip-flop. This type flip- flop changes its Q output to agree with the D input upon application of a clock pulse. If the output was already in the same state as the D input, no change will take place in the output.

The D input of IC Ul A is wired directly to the desired master digit (as explained earlier) for that function board, Then^ if that digit is high (a logical 1) when a clock pulse comes along, the Q output of IC U1A will go high and remain high.

The high output of U1A then simultaneously enables all of the second digit g^tes {U8 and U9). The other input of gate use is wired to the primary function ON digit.

G2

Fig, 6. Basic CMOS pulse generator. This circuit can be implemented with gates or with buffers. The one shown IS a 4071 gate.

Now^ assuming the master digit was sent and the ON digit is now sent, the output of U8 will go high and place a high on the D input of Ul B while awaiting a clock pulse. When the clock pulse arrives, It will set the output of UIB high^ thus turning on the desired function via flip-flop U2. The same clock pulse will simuL taneousiy reset the first or master flip-flop since its D input was low during the clock pulse. About seven seconds after the last digit, a reset pulse will come along and reset UIB to a low state. This will not affect the out- put state.

Flip-flops U2, U3, U4, U5, and U6 are wired as set-reset flip-flops and^ wired as such, provide a latching function. This function could also have been provided with cross-con- nected NOR or NAND ptes as desired. When the high from the output of Ul B is applied to the SET input of U2B^ its output goes high, in turn energizing a function via the interface module. The reset input of U2B is ORed with the master reset (*) and the output of U2A which responds to the unique two digit OFF code. As a result^ the function is turned off either by a two digit code or by a master reset.

The remaining auxiliary functions all activate in the same manner as the primary function and with the same first digit. The difference is in the OFF function. All of the auxiliary latch stage's resets are tied together and go to the output of UIO A. They are also ORed with the master reset (*) input. With this arrangement there is one two digit code which resets all auxiliary functions at the same time, and they are also

Function

Primary Aujciliary 1 Auxiliary 2 Auxiliary 3 Auxjflary 4

Table A coding.

ON

6-4 6-5 67

OFF

6-2 6-0 6-0 6-0 6-0

Typical function

reset with the master reset In ail of the cases that I have built so far, I have used X-0 (X is the primary digit) as the auxiliary function OFF code. To make the picture a little bit more clear, refer to Table 1 , which shows typical codes for a single function decoder module.

The user could alter this scheme to add more separate OFF codes, but it would be at the expense of total number of functions. For example, the F3 ON code could be wired to reset the second function instead of the common reset line.

In most cases where I have to bring a signal such as the clock onto a board and drive several devices, I have used a gate to buffer the signal be- fore using it on the module. Also, to be on the safe side, I added buffers to each furic- tion output for more drive to the interface module. I also, as mentioned earlier, put an LED and driver on the output of each function. This proves to be an invaluable aid to both checkout and normal use. As with all the boards in this system, t provided an on-card regulator. Also, although not shown on the schematics, I put .01 uF capacitors directly across the supply pins of each device.

Interface Module

It is necessary to provide an interface between the somewhat fragile CMOS out- puts and the real world of repeater controls. The circuit to be controlled might range from a Darlington transistor, requiring only microamps to operate, to a large power relay, requiring tens or hundreds of milliamps and (most probably] capable of producing a targe reverse volt- age spike on release. Addi- tionally, the output might

52

require a switch to ground, or it miglit require dry (floating) relay contacts.

To tal<e care of tfiese diverse requirements, I have used two standard interface circuits, one transistor and one relay. The schematics are shown in Fig, 8. The tran- sistors used are power Darlingtons requiring little drive and capable of sinking six Amps. I provided a reverse diode to clamp out any re- verse spikes which might appear on the line from con trolling an inductive device, in the case of the transistor outputs, they are switching to ground, and I used common phone jacks for control outputs* I mounted the jacks on a small metal panel on the front of the circuit card.

The relay output uses 12 volt PC card mount relays having contacts rated at least to 2 Amps, The relays are driven by a high gain tran- sistor such as the MPS6521 or equivalent I used a small barrier strip to bring out the relay contacts to the front edge of the module. If multiple relay contacts are desired from one module^ they will have to be brought out to the rear edge connec- tor.

Identifier

The identifier module is an offshoot of my original TTL design which appeared in the September, 1976, issue of 73, The main drawback of the TTL version was the current consumption — almost one Amp.

The second problem was complexity. Most of the com- plexity was a result of an attempt to automatically identify about three minutes after the identifier was origi- nally keyed, without restart- ing the timing circuitry.

1 did some research into the memories I was using and found that I could drive the address inputs with the out- put of a CMOS device with- out destroying the device. With that in mind, I rede- signed the identifier using

CMOS devices for the count- ers and data selectors, but retaining the TTL memory and 555/556-type clock. The revised circuit with ail the reidentify circuitry removed is shown in Fig. 9. The pro- gramming for the memory is shown in Table 2. The basic IDer function is the same as described in my earlier article, so I won*t go into much detail here.

Briefly, operation is as follows. One half of the 556 functions as a clock which is turned on and off by the action of the start-stop flip- flop made up of U4A and U4B. The output of the clock drives counter U2^ which sequences data selector U3 through each of the eight memory outputs, advances the word address by one, and then repeats the output scanning operation. This sequence is repeated until 256 bits are decoded. If different length IDs, are desired, a gate could be in- stalled to decode the outputs of the counter at the desired stopping point.

Construction

I built all of my present system on 4V2 by GYi general purpose circuit cards with 44- pin edge connectors. The cards then go in a standard rack for logic cards. This type of construction makes for easy changes and lots of versatility.

As 1 mentioned earlier, I put metal brackets on the front edge of the cards, with jacks and controls installed

BO

BT

4 UJ-UrO UN 0 JUMPERS

GNP-

Fi'g, Z Function decoder module schematic diagram, U1-U7 are 4013 CMOS dual D type flip-flops, U8 and U9 are 4071 AND gates, U JO Is a 4081 OR gate, and Ull fs 'a 4050 hex buffer. The circles on the schematic represent locations for on-board jumpers* The jumpers are for function coding.

on the brackets.

At the time of this writing, I have started printed circuit layouts on two of the system boards, and I expect to have some of the modules available by the time the article gets into print. For information on availability and pricing write to CONTACT Electron-

ic Research and Develop- ment, 35 W. Fairmont Dr, TempeAZ 85281.

Interconnection and operation of a set of modules as a system is greatly aided by use of a logic card rack of some kind. I tried to make the PC cards' connections such that wiring of the logic

B2

B3

B4

B5

01

02

X

X

X

X

03

X

04

X

X

X

X

05

X

X

X

06

K

X

X

07

X

X

X

X

X

OS

X

X

09

X

X

X

10

X

X

X

11

X

X

X

X

12

X

13

14

B6

X

B7

D

E

X

W

X

R

X

7

X

X

A

X

H

X

B

Table 2. Programming sample for the CMOS Identifier. Shown Is the pro-am for DE WR7AHB where an X indicates a "J" programmed in a bit position. The blanks In the first address provide start-up time for the identifier and transmitter.

53

R/C

567

Frequency

R1

Ut

697

R2

U2

770

R3

U3

852

R4

U4

941

CI

US

1209

C2

U6

1336

C3

U7

1477

Table 3. Table of tone de- coder settings. Attach your

frequency counter to pin 5 of the 567s to read the fre- quency,

rack wouldn't be too difficulL To make power busing easy, I made ihe connections on both sides of the board serve the same purpose. Terminals 1 and A arc GROUND, white terminals

22 and Z are +12 V. The decoder outputs are on pins 2 through 13, and the clock and reset are on pins B and C respectively • These connec- tions are then paralleled down a series of connectors* Unless multiple relay con- tacts are desired, the only other connections on the back of the rack are a small termifial strip for power supply connection and a fuse block. I also added a 2000 uF capacitor across the supply input lo the rack since the actual power source was some distance away.

Setup and Alignment

The first stage of system

wjEnoo

O-

^4/

r^^aot

■^

/T?

^t*

(8)

4 >r¥i ^

rP^ — ^

f-T J2M440I

■o

Fig. 8. Interface module sche- matics, a) Transistor switch. The transistor used should be a high gain one. In my case^ I used M/ El 100s. b) Relay output circuit. The relay driver must be a fairly high gain transistor. I normally use an MPS6521 for this type of application. The relays are PC mount with at least 2 Amp contacts. The module pro- vides ihe option of using either 5 or 12 volt relays by either instafling or bypassing a five volt regulator*

setup consists of deciding on the digit coding desired and then wiring the appropriate gates on each function de- coder module. The PROM for the identifier must be pro- grammed for the desired call- sipi- I have presented pro- gramming information in other articles, as have others^ so I won*t repeat it here.

Alignment is necessary on the audio and tone decoder modules. The age amplifier input/output levels must be properly adjusted and the tone decoder frequencies must be set.

Age alignment is easy, but requires a source of audio and an audio frequency volt- meter. First, set the audio input to the age circuit to the maximum expected input voltage and connect the audio voltmeter to the output. Adjust the output of the age for a convenient reading and start increasing the Input level control. Increase the control until the output no longer increases. Now adjust the age output level for the desired input to the decoder {about 1 50 mV rms). Now^ you should be able to decrease the input from the audio source by at least one order of

magnitude without the out- put varying*

Adjustment of the tone decoders consists of setting each 567 to its proper frequency. To be done properly, this requires a frequency counter, but it can be done with a tone pad- Power up the tone decoder moduiei put your counter on pfn 5 of Ul, and adjust the pot for a frequency of 697 Hz. In a similar manner, ad- just the remaining decoders for their proper frequency, I have shown the IC numbers and frequencies in tabular form in Table 3.

Now connect the audio module and the tone decoder module together either in the logic f^ck or on the work- bench. Here an extender board (also available from CONTACT) Is a great help. Hook a touchione generator to the audio input of the audio module and apply power to the system. Start depressing the digits on the pad. As each digit is activated, its proper LED on the lone decoder module should light, the clock LED should flash once, and, about 5-7 seconds later, the reset LED should flash.

If all of the above has

progressed to a satisfactory conclusioni you are ready to plug in a function decoder module and continue testing. Once everything is connected together, sending the correct ON digits should cause the LED for that function to light, and the OFF digit should cause it to turn off*

Interface module checkout is simply a matter of seeing if the proper transistor or relay is activated when the correct function code is sent, and the proper LED on the function board is illuminated. Identi- fier module checkout requires either an audio amplifier or connection lo your trans- mitter and a method of monitoring the transmitter audio. I have provided an identifier test button in the design. Every time this is pressed, the IDer will send the programmed identifica- tion and should keep the transmitter keyed through the keying transistor. The only adjustments that have to be made are the ID speed, pitch, and timeout delay.

Conclusion

A typical system configur- ation would consist of the following modules: audio, tone decoder, function

+ 6VDC

5TJtBT

Ml - A-fcPtms FOSf 748116 it VCttSCOS

Fig, 9. G^OS identifier module schematic. The circuit is the same as my earlier article, but now in CMOS and without the automatic re identify feature. Ml is an 8223 programmable read only memory. If more than one message or a longer one is desired , a 74186 memory could be used

with appropriate wiring changes.

54

decoder (2), interface (2)^ and identifier. Addition of a COR/timer module such as Isid out in my afticle in the January, 1977, issue of 73 would make a complete repeater control system.

I have inad very good luck v^/ith this system. The only problems I have encountered were mostly my own fault. Don't use ceramic-type capac- itors for the tone determining capacitors on the tone decoder module, I found out the hard way that they drift badly with temperature. 1 had sorne initial trouble with clock timing when I first went to CMOS on the func- tion decoders, but the delay I mentioned earlier appears to have solved that problem. I gdt completely wiped out on a remote site once by light- ning causing a surge on the power line and wiping out a lot of devices. I have since added various kinds of light- ning protection on all of the sites, but I don't really know if it will be effective.

Use of this system requires a method of sending tone signals down the phone line after the line is connected at the receiving end. In some instances we have controlled our repeaters with an acousti- cally-coupled tone encoder, but it was not completely satisfactory. A touch tone phone is the key, but there is even a problem there. In many exchanges, Ma Bell reverses the phone line polarity when the answering connection is made^ and this shuts off the tone pad in your phone so you can*t send tones down the line. The answer to this problem is a little gadget the phone company will install on your phone called **polarity guard." There is no charge for the gadget itself as far as 1 know, but naturally it will cost you a service charge to have the thing installed-

Again J ! am trying to make a complete system of module circuit boards available, but it is a slow process. If you are

interested, write to CON- TACT as mentioned earlier If you decide to put one of these systems together and

have any trouble, please feel free to contact me. The only thing 1 ask is that you include an SASE. ■

Parts List

Tone Dacodei'

U1-U7 US, 9, 10 U11 Ut2

NE567 7402 7410 4001 -7805

7 7 7

7 7 7

2.2 uF/15 V electrolytic

4.7iiF/15 V

J uF mylar

4.7k y* W

6.Sk y^ W

10k pot

Function Decoder

U1-U7

4013

ua, U9

4081

U10

4071

U11

4050

5 5 5

1

MPS6521 orequiy. LED

100k y4W .22 uF

Interface Boards

One of the following per contro fed circuit:

MJE1100

or

2M4401

1N4001

._

2.2k 'A W

12 volt relay

Identifier

Ul

555 timer

1 - MJE1100

1

- 500 % W

U2

4040

2-\k'A\N

1

- 100k pot

U3

4512

10 -6.8k 74 W

1

— 5k pot

U4

4001

1 -2.7k V4W

4

-.01 uF

U5

555

1 - ISk^/i W

1

-,22uF

Ml

S223/S2S23

1 - 180 y^w

1

- A uF

Nei^ Products

from page 25

amateur. It was called the FIVI-21, originally marketed as a six-channel radio that had twelve-channel expan- dability and the rather novel feature of requiring but one crystal per chan^ neE, The FM-21 has since given way to a "kissin 'country -cousin" of the two meter MK-3, the 220 MHz FIVl-76. Other than coverage and power out- put, the two radios appear to be twins. 1 can personally vouch for the FM-76, since one is mounted in my car and is In use daily. For better than six months, it has performed without 3 flavi/, and, due to my life-style, I really Qtve any mobile installation a real workout.

The FJVl-76 has something else going for it. As most of you are aware, the selection of 220 MHz amateur equipment is still quite limited; and if you are going to build a repeater, you have but two choices. Either you build it from scratch or you start with a good radio and build from there. (Nobody has a tally, but there are many successful 220 MHi repeaters out there that got started as an FM-76, I know of at least or^e re- mote-base using an FM-76 as a 220 downlink as well. Repeater and re- mote-base service take a lot from any radio, and in that department, the

FM-76 seems to excel.

There is more to this story, though, than radios. Very important is what does an amateur do when his radio decides to do things it's not supposed to do? Fact is, not every amateur is an rf or digital expert. When a radio decides to "go west/' wtiere do you turn? If you ar^ lucky enough to own a Clegg radio, you simply mail it back (or drive ouer if you are not too far away) to Clegg Communicattons, and, in a few days, it's back in your hands working properly. In fact, when we drove out to Lancaster to do this story, we took with us Lou Belsky K2VIVlR's FJV1'27B. Three days later, Lou had his radio back in his car and on the air. This includes the time it spent Qoing UPS back to Queens NY. Clegg believes that product support after sale is important and strives to supply the best in the shortest pos- sible time. No matter where you live, if you have a way of getting your radio to Ciegg, Clegg will make It play, doing so at a price that won't bank- rupt you,

Clegg sells only '"factory direct," and this has been the key to holding the price to where we, the amateur consumer, can afford bis goodies. His current facility in Lancaster is well stocked for quick delivery and good, fast after-sale product support and

service. Also available are accessories such as power supplies for base station use, antennas, and many other items we amateurs need. Soon, possibly before you read this, Ed hopes to be moving into even larger quarters that will enable him to expand his ability to meet our needs.

By listening to his peers in the amateur community, by looking ahead and being willing to "take a chance/' by having something avail- able for every VHF-interested amateur in every price range, Edward T. Clegg has become almost a legend in his own time. He's a ham who cares about amateur radio, an active amateur who keeps in tune with the needs that we have and endeavors to filt them. More over, as 1 can personally attest^ he is a

human being who cares a lot about his fellow man. Those of you who know him, know of what i ^eak; those who have never met Ed have missed some^ thing special. \ sincerely hope that one of these days you have the chance I have had.

Ed Clegg pioneered VHF at a time when such was not realty fashionable; he was there when it started and is still here today- There are many of us who hope that the "Man and his Radios" wilt be here for many years to come. Yes, I'm sold on Clegg equipment. Why not? Tve owned a lot of it over the years and never once have 1 been dissatisfied. And I know many others who fee! the same way.

Bill Pasternak WA6ITF NewhalICA

Ham Help

I need information and a schematic on converting the Motorola T43A series of VHF transceivers. Keep up the good work on a fine magazine.

Billy L. Nielsen W64APC

Rt. 2, Box 253E

Radcliff KY 40160

Help I To get on ON, I need a schematic and alignment info on a Gonset G-76 AM-CW transceiver.

Don Patterson WA1 FXK/2

Box 123. 773 RADS

Montauk AFSNY 11954

Do you know of any persons or clubs that are into classroom instruc- tions in my area? I would like to get some help and get my license.

Medardo Cruz

491 1 Ave. I

Brooklyn NY 11234

I wonder if any of your readers can tell me where I might purchase DC4 silicone grease?

Neil Johnson W20LU 74 Pine Tree Lane Tappan IMY 10983

55

Alexander Mac Lean WA2SUT/NNmZVB IS Indian Spring Trail Denville NJ 07834

How Do You Use ICs?

-- part VIII

Recently I was asked to try to unscramble a little circuit that appeared in another magazine/

I didn't have all the parts needed to make the circuit, but I was able to come up with some suggestions for the correspondent, and immedi* ateiy sent for the materials to build the circuit — just to make sure- It struck me that this simple little circuit is a gc?od demonstration of circuit function and analysis.

The circuit is an LED blinky circuit. All it does is turn two LEDs on and off alternately at a slow rate that can be seen by the eye. How- ever^ within that simple oper- ation is the ability to show the operation of digital cir- cuitry visually,

M a secondary benefit, you finally get to sit down and build a real live IC pro- ject, although perhaps it^s not the most spectacular.

Let's take it from the

/fr

beginning, the circuit analysis leading to the fault in the original circuit.

Fig. 1 is the circuit as it originally appeared.^ You can read the circuit the way it is drawn — it is simple enough — but it will be easier if the circuit is redrawn so that the IC sections are shown indi- vidually.

This is shown in Fig. 2. The circuit uses the SN7400 ICj which has been described in a previous part of this series.

This is a four section IC. The redrawn circuit shows that two sectfons are not even in the circuit. They are grounded out.

That's one way to simplify a circuit. Now, for the prob- lem. When the circuit was built as it was shown, it did not work. This was because the circuit is not correct It is a simple defect, but iet*s go over the circuit dpsely.

The basic technical de- scription in the original

J

iA

f f f t

3

iO

e

) SN7400

50^^:^:::

HF^*

50

470oi

4700'

.ED

INO MORE THAfJ 6V)

X)led

^20n|

120.^

article described the circuit as a multivibrator* This is a switching oscillator. The LEDs show this operation visually. Obviously, if you build the circuit and the lights don't blink, it means the circuit doesn*t work. The object in this case is to make the lights blink. That's why you buitt it in the first place.

However^ the lights blinking is the result of cir- cuit operation. We have eliminated two sections of the IC which are not even part of the circuit - let's cut out a bit more.

The blinky part of the IC circuit is the two remaining I C sections and the LEDs, We can see that the LEDs don't blink; what we want to know is why.

The circuit can be further divided into three main func- tions, any one of which could cause the malfunction.

In order to work properly, the circuit must get the cor- rect voltage, the oscillator circuit must function, and the LED indicating circuit must function.

-^ SO>*.F

/77

f

No work, no blinky. Now comes the easy part. You have to start troubleshooting. How do you go about it?

The voltage to an IC cir- cuit is easy to check. In an unkriown circuit, the first thing to check is the pin connections. If the Vcc and the ground pin are correctly drawn and wired, then you measure the source voltage.

If the voltage to the device terminals is within the correct rangej you can eliminate it as a possible cause in a simple circuit like this, There are circuits where pulses on the voltage bus can cause mind- boggling troubles, but they won't cut off a simple circuft

That leaves two elements. The oscillator supplies the signal that lights the LEDs, but the only function the LEDs have is as indicators. They are not part of the oscillator circuit.

In this circuit the voltage is correct, so we are left with two possible troubles, Either the LED indicator circuitry is not correct, or the oscillator is not correct.

There is not much choicej really. The first thing you have to know is if the oscil- lator is working. Then you can worry about the LEDs,

Now then, if the LEDs aren't going to tell you if the circuit works, what is? Let*s look at the circuit again to see exactly what we are playing with.

The oscillator circuit has been redrawn in Fig. 3 with- out the extra section and the LEDs, We are left with the basic multivibrator*

This we have seen before. In the article dealing with the crystal oscillators^ it was pointed out that they were actually not an oscillator at

^^

45-Gv

A it

IIMiDi

/77

Fig, 7. Original blinky schematic (incorrect).

Fig. 2. Fig. J redrawn (still I neon eel).

56

all, but a form of IC multi- vibraior circuit whose fre- quency of operation was determined by the crystal.

This circuit is an old friend. If you remember the basic configuration of the other circuits, the problem with this one should stand out from the page as you look at it now.

You have three basic fault choices. The IC could be defective, the parts values could be wrong or they could be defective^ or the circuit could be wrong.

One of the first things that comes to mind when looking at an IC multivibrator is that normally both sections are symmetricaL Does that look symmetrical to you? That was the trouble. The circuit was incorrect It didn't work, but how do you test it?

You test it with another indicating device. The thing to keep in mind is what it is indicating. A digital IC is a switch. It's on or it's off. In this case, it is supposed to be on and off consecutively.

As this is an oscillator, it must have a frequency. The frequency determines the test equipment to show its opera- tion.

Here we have an awkward situation. It is supposed to flip-flop slowly enough for your eye to see the blinks. This might be a bit fast for a meter and a bit slow for a scope to really show the waveform.

When I built the test cir- cuit (Fig. 4), I changed the values of the circuit con- stants. I used 2200 Ohm resis- tors and OJ uF capacitors. This raised the frequency high enough for the scope to really show the waveform-

vcc

:^ &Oi(F

m

Fig^ 3. Simp/ if led circuit (Fig.

Once the circuit was hooked up right, it took off the first time. Then other values were tried while it was on the scope.

It also worked with 0.01 uF caps in the circuit. This raised the frequency even higher. Now, the baste mutti- vibrator is a symmetrical cir* cuit. Electronically, both pulses are identical in shape and duration. It is possible to vary that to an extent.

Just to see what it looked like, one of the capacitors was made 0*1 uF and the other was made 0.01 uF, This resulted in a nonsymmetrical waveshape. One of the pulses was most definitely a dif- ferent width than the other

There is a limit to how far you can bend the circuit be- fore it stops working, but if you have a scope, try a few different combinations to see what it looks like once you get the basic circuit working.

These values result in a switching circuit which is great for a scope but far too fast to see visually. To get back to the original idea, much larger values are used to get a lower frequency.

It is the combination of the resistor and the capacitor in each teg of the circuit which determines the fre- quency. Within reasonable limits, there is a wide range of combinations that can be used.

The original article sug- gested that no higher than 4700 Ohms be used, because it would affect the bias too much. 2200 Ohms was the highest on hand, and the 50 uF capacitors called for gave a frequency that blinked too fast. The LEDs looked like they were on continuously. The 100 uF caps slowed it down so that the blinking showed fairly clearly.

Now then, without the LEDs, how do you tell if the circuit works? First of all, it showed on the scope, but instead of seeing the familiar square wave, you got the trace being deflected at a slow rate.

What if you don't have a

scope? That's simple, too. Stay with the switch action. There is a dc voltage at the output of each IC section of the multivibrator. Here the trick is making the meter show tt.

In this case, you don't want a fast frequency, so start with the slow speed con- stants. If you have to sub- stitute, you may come up with an inconveniently high frequency, but you stfll want to know if the circuit works.

If you do have a nice low frequency, you can prove cir- cuit operation with the dc scale of your VOM or VTVM. The meter may riot read cor- rectly, but you will see the needle fluctuate up and down as the circuit switches on and off.

If you can get that, you know the circuit works. Make this test carefully. The needle may not follow the variations well, and if the frequency is too high, it wilt just quiver. It still tells you the circuit works> but it's really not too good for the meter — so keep an eye on it and get off fast.

If you can actually see a back and forth meter pulse rather than a fast quiver, it is a good indication that you have a nice blinking rate.

Of course, this would be the ideal situation in which to use a logic probe if you happen to have one. It will tell you immediately if the circuit is switching, and you won't have to fuss about fre- quency at first.

When the circuit works, you can add the indicator. In the original circuit, the LEDs went between the output and

the Vcc pin. That's a bit redundant. You only need one source to light the LED_ That way, it was relying on reverse biasing to turn the LED on and off.

When the test circuit was made, the LED was put be- tween the IC stage output and ground. Thus, it was switched on when the IC sec* tion was in its high or **on" state.

Schematic symbols are nice, but if you really want to know which way is up on the LED, take one and its resistor and connect it between the Vcc pin and circuit ground. If it lights, you're OK; if not, reverse the diode. If it still doesn't light, it may be defective — try another LED.

Don*t forget those resis- tors. As with the LED read- outs, they are current-limiting resistors and |ust as necessary to prevent damage to the single LED. The value isn't too critical. ISO Ohms would be the smallest you would want to use; I prefer 220 or higher. If you want to be fancy, measure the actual cur- rent drawn to get the value you want.

Don't forget what you have here. The IC multi- vibrator is the operative part of the circuit* The LEDs merely indicate the operation visually.

The circuit constants are chosen to have a speed of operation that the eye can follow. It should be slow enough that you can easily see each LED go on and off alternately. When one looks on, the other should look off. At the least, it should show

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57

Fig. 5. Basic binary display circuit

an alternating action, blinking back and forth.

There is another, most interesting, way of looking at what we have here. This little blinky circuit is showing us the high and low state of each section of the working part of the IC,

Since that is at I that a digital IC is supposed to do — switch between two states - we can see all that it does right before our eyes.

To carry this a little further, if the speed of the switching operation Is set at a speed that the eye is capable of foi lowing, much of the electronic operation of any digital circuit can be pre- sented visually.

Even with a more complex circuit, it permits a visual understanding of the actual workings of a digital circuit that would be unobtainable easily by any other means.

This opens up a rather wide range of circuit possi- bilities that can be used to further your own under- standing of circuit operation or as a teaching aid to demon- strate IC basics to others.

For example, the !C multi- vibrator circuit is quite common in ham projects> It is the basic iC oscillator. The choice of circuitry determines its function, such as crystal or audio or whatever. The basic circuit is much the same, apart from frequency.

Probably the next most important digital functions are frequency dividing/ counting and circuit switching (gating).

One W the hottest ham projects going is the fre- quency counter. These IC

functions are the main meat of the I C counter.

Fig. 5 shows a beginning application of the test demonstrator. Starting with our original blinky^ which should be slow enough to see, we add an SN7490 decade counter IC. This is the basic counter circuit hooked up to show the counting action by

displaying the outputs.

The second IC is hooked up to show its binary out- puts. This is the whole key to the ICs ability to provide a coded output that can be translated into numbers.

This should be slow enough that the viewer can actually see the binary num- bers in lights, and watch the combinations change visually with each pulse. With the explanation of the binary number system and perhaps a chart, a viewer will soon get a feel for the numbers as they change.

There you have two basic IC functions: the initial switching action and the counting action.

There are a few other points about this circuit. It may still be a bit fast when you are watching the binary numbers blink.

It is not hard to get a feel for them, but if you are using this circuit for demonstration purposes^ yqu might consider putting in another 7490 IC stage between the multi- vibrator and the LED display. That will slow it down so that it can easily be followed.

You can have both 7490s set up with LEDs to give a fast/slow display. There are a lot of possible options, de- pending upon what you want

to show.

One other thing should be mentioned. These ICs are neg- ative edge triggered. It can be confusing at first to see that when the LED lights up at the input to the 7490, noth- ing happens. It doesn^t pulse until the LED goes out on the negative part of the pulse.

Your eye will get used to it in a while, particularly if you understand or explain the circuit timing and what the pulses are doing.

Fig, 6 is a chart of how the LEDs will display the binary coded numbers. It takes only a short while to master it^ and then it should be easy to ^Yead^' it.

Remember that it reads from right to left, each position adding to the next. There are four positions used, corresponding to 8, 4, 2, and 1. The lit positions are added together to get the total, which is the number that is counted.

Now you see what a handy little gadget the decoder/ driver IC really is. It does all the work of translating the binary data to a form that can be displayed as an im- mediately recognizable num- ber by the LED readout IC. So far we can flip-flop and we can count. We can also time. Many operations in IC equipment involve the ability to switch or pulse a circuit at a specific point in the se- quence.

It is a timing pulse in the counter that gates the count- ing circuit This is what changes it from an event counter to a frequency counter - the ability to tie the count to a known time period.

This is usually no more than an IC gate or two. The hard part is knowing where and when to do it.

We are c-oncerned with two specific problemis.; the timing of the pulse and the polarity. Both of these can be demonstrated with the ad- dition of a few more 7400 g;ate sections.

You can use the unused sections of the biinky IC, but

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I found it easier to use a separate IC on another part of the IC board where it was less crowded.

Fig. 7 shows the basic takeoff circuit from one of the binary outputs. This Is also the basic IC inverter cir- cuit, so let's go into a little more detail about what's hap- pening here.

The 7490 is being keyed by a negative pulse. This means that its input LED (at the blinky) is out of phase with the actual putse action.

If you watch the other LED of the blinky IC circuit, it will be pulsing with the correct phase for the circuit. When it is on, it is high, which means that the other IC half is low and pulsing the 7490.

For this hookup, the take- off was from the 1 binary output at pin 12. Now watch the relationships between the LEDs as they blink.

The blinky circuit LED to watch is the one that is not the input LED to the 7490. This, in effect, is the visual indication of the pulse that keys the 7490,

Notice that the blinky LED pulses twice for every blink of the LED at pin 12 of the counter IC. In effect, that part of the counter is acting as a divide-by-two circuit.

Now notice the pin 12 LED in relation to the indi- cator LED of the 7400 sec- tion fed by pin 12. They are out of phase. When one is on,

the other is off.

Fig. 8 shows the addition of another 7400 IC section to reverse the phase of the first section. Now the LED at pin 12 and the indicator LED are in phase and blinking to-

58

gether.

The easiest way to demorr- strate a timing pufse con- trofling a circuit is to use the 7490 counter*s own reset cir- cuit.

Fig. 9 shows a test circuit for this. Notice that the basic change is the connection of the 7400 switch sections to the reset pin of the 7490. Also, the switch is connected to the binary eight output and will reset the circuit to zero when the count reaches eight.

For correct counting action, at least one of the 7490's zero reset pins must be at low logic. To interrupt the counting sequence, it is only necessary to pulse the reset pin(s) to high logic.

As the pulse count changes firom seven to the next pulse, it produces a high output at the binary eigjit pin. This same pulse appears at the reset pin of the counter IC

When this happens, the counter automatically dis- plays the binary zero output code: all outputs low. This happens so quickly that there is no visual binary eight out- put. The count goes from binary seven to binary zero, and picks up with binary one on the next count

Thus, in effect, the eighth count is zero, which is dis- played instead of an eight output code.

The counter reset can be hooked up to other binary outputs besides the eight. The four output will give you a visual count of one, two, three, and zero. The same principle holds for the two output

While this is a simple con- cept to apply, there are a few pitfalls- In a counter circuit the reset action is usually keyed to the gating pulse. This is to keep them working in harmony.

You want the signal gate open for the correct lime period for the count, and you want the reset action to take place when the gate is closed and be completed before the gate is open for the next count

Otherwise, you might have the situation where the gate is open and a reset pulse appears during the count.

This means that the circuit will reset itself during the actual count, which will give you an inaccurate count. Things like this are why digi- tal designers spend so much time making graphs and charts of circuit timing - to find these glitches on paper before they have to try and find them in their equipment It may seem odd to see that the output for the next counter stage is taken from the D output^ which is the binary eight output

This will take a little ex- plaining. The problem is how to get a ten pulse out of an eight output

The answer is to follow the actual outputs and how they affect the next stage. To do this we will pick up the count at the end of the sev- enth count.

Up to the end of the seventh count, there has been a low output at the binary eight output and at the input to the next stage which is fed by that output.

As the next negative pulse hits the first counter stage, it causes a high output at the binary eight output and at the input to the next counter stage.

This does nothing to the next stage. The counter is negative edge triggered* A high output means nothing to it yet, except to prepare it for the next negative pulse.

At the end of the eight count J^^he binary ei^t out* put of the first fC remains high. This is important. It stays on the whole cycle.

The ninth count adds a high output at the binary one output and does nothing to the eight output, which is still on. All this while, there has been no change to the next IC stage.

At the tenth count ^H of the binary outputs go to low (which is the binary for zero). At that point l^be low logic is also fed to the next stage. Since this stage is looking

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Fig, 8. Non-inperted output indicator or switch.

14 SLINIcr INPUT

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Fig. ft Non*inverting switch used to reset counter (at 8 count).

for a low logic inputs it reg- isters its first count of one. 7Tius> even though the output of the binary eight output only registers as eight, i1^ logic results in the needed pulse at ten for the next stage to begin counting.

There is one obvious thing about this test circuit. Since the output pulse and the pulse from the IC train which resets the counter are the same phase, the logical ques- tion would be, "Why not use the pulse from the IC itself to reset, instead of adding another circuit?**

In this circuit, you can do just that. It works just as well. The circuit counts to seven, and on the eighth pulse resets to zero and begins the counting sequence again.

However, that would not show the IC used as a switch.

In many circuits you will not have the option of letting the IC switch itself. You will need separate switching ac- tion that can be controlled as you need it

It is probable that there

are many other circuits that can be coupled to LED indicators for a visual demon- stration of circuit operation, but you will have to be care- ful.

Not all IC outputs will drive an LED, and you may cause damage trying. I shot a handful of 7490s trying to couple to the divide-by- two, -five and -ten hookup. They stili work as counters, but not as dividers.

You may also have prob- lems because of the phase of the TTL logic (most of which appears to be negative edge triggered). That means that the LEDs may not be on when you want them.

Stilt, for a few dollars worth of parts, there are a variety of iC operations which can help you become familiar with digital IC opera- tion through hands-on practice. ■

Rsferences

1. Thanks to Ralph A. Schlegel ex9HR, eX'^W2ICX, 10 Grand- view Ave., Pawling NY 12564,

2 , Etec tfoaics Hobbyist, Foil- Wimtr, 1978-

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66/201

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75/40

5750

40/M2

66/20 J

75-20 HD

75/40/20

66 50

44/1.23

66/20. t

75-20 HD (SPl

75/40/20

66.50

44/1.23

66/20.1

75^10 HO

75/40/20/15/10

74 50

48/1.34

66/20.1

7&10HD iSP)

75/40/20/15/10

74.50

48/1.34

66/20.1

8CH0HO

80/40/20/15/10

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69/21 0

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61

Finally! Practical Discriminator!

-- metering system, that is

Marion D, Kitchens K4GOK 7100 Men:uTy Ave, Haym^kBt VA22Q69

The prototype discriminator meter^ the particular one used and described in the design process.

The do-!t-yoiirse!f amateur can easily im- prove the FM station by the

addition of a simple discrim- inator meter. The meter can be calibrated to read directly the difference between the transmitting frequency being received and the frequency to which the receiver ts tuned. Receiver crystals can be trimmed precisely to local re* peater frequencies* You can help other amateurs align their transmit crystals to the same frequency, which is a big help in getting everybody on the correct input fre- quency to your local re- peater.

This article describes the design process used and the results obtained in building a discriminator meter for an Uiiracom 25 2 meter trans- ceiver. Although the particu- lar design presented here was based on components in my possession, the procedure is described so that custom designs can be made with the particular equipment and components the builder may

62

already have. Assumptions are made in the analyses to keep the mathematics to the

simplicity of Ohm's Law.

Discriminator Characteristics

First, the characteristics of the discriminator must be de- termined. The discriminator alignment procedure for the builder's receiver will be of assistance in locating the dis- criminator signal input point and the discriminator output point An accurate means of determining the discriminator input frequency must be available. A signal generator and digital counter are pre- ferred. Fig. 1 shows the arrangement used to deter- mine the discriminator out- put voltage as a function of the input frequency. Fig. 2 shows the results obtained for the Ultracom 25. The dis- criminator provides approx- imately ,2 volts change for each kHz frequency change, at frequencies near its 455 kHz center frequency. This characteristic is reasonably linear up to about 460 kHz, but is highly nonlinear as the frequency decreases below about 450 kHz. (The audio characteristics of the discrim- inator are quite different than the dc characteristics of in- terest here - don*t worry about nonlinearity in the audio responses,} A reason- able frequency range for most needs is about ±5 kHz. Exam- ination of Fig. 2 shows that a voltmeter covering +T0 volts to -0,8 volts could be used, if properly calibrated, to read directly frequencies ±5 kHz from the discriminator center frequency.

A surplus 1 mA 4-inch meter was available. Upon careful disassembly, it was found that this meter could be converted to a 500-0-500 uA meter by repositioning the friction -mounted return springs. The meter internal resistance was about 200 Ohms, much too low to be connected directly to the high impedance discriminator output. If a very sensitive meter, say 50-0*50 uA or better^ is available, it may be

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practical to simply add the proper series resistor and con- nect it directly without un- duly loading the discrim- inator output. It is worth a try.

Orcuit Design

The problem for the less sensitive meter was to design

a high input impedance dc circuit that would accept in- puts both above and below system ground without apply- ing bias voltage to the dis- criminator. The circuit must operate from a single-ended power supply (1 2 volts from the transceiver) for conven- ience and must provide both plus and minus 0.5 mA to the 200 Ohm meter* The high

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input impedance and zero volts dc bias can be obtained with a self-biased junction FET. The +1 volt to -0.8 volt input signal suggests an FET with a pinch-off voltage of around 2 volts. Driving the meter with plus and minus 0.5 mA suggests a bridgi: cir- cuit with each bridge teg drawing about 5 mA^ i.e., about 10 times the meter futi scale current.

The circuit then begins to take the form shown in Fig. 3* Since the meter current is not significant (< 10% of the current), the value of R4 +

-^ — 2 —

Fig, 3* Basic circuit configura- tion.

R5 is readily computed.

R4+R5^ 12 V^ 2,4k

Using a 2.5 k pot for R4 + R5 allows for easy zeroing of the meter and accom- modating variations in com* ponents of the other leg of the bridge* My circuit em- ployed a surplus 5k ten-turn trimpot allowing easy trim- ming to zero.

In order to design the active leg of the b ridge ^ it is necessary to know the characteristics of the FET to be used. The test setup shown in Fig, 4 can be used to find the FET characteristics if they are not available.

A second discriminator meter showing circuit board mounted to a small edge reading meter. This one is ready to be installed in the box housing a home brew synthesizer. The FET is a 2N3819 available from Radio Shack as RS 2035. The input pot has been replaced with a fixed resistor.

63

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Fig. 5, FET charocteristics as measured

Several FETs from the junk box were examined and a Radio Shack N-channel

FET (one of the P-channel| N-channel pair in a package) was found to have the desired characteristics. Fig. 5 shows the characteristics measured. Once the FET character' istics are known, a bias and operating point must be de- termined. In general, a drain voltage of near 14 tiie supply voltage is desired to allow the maximum voltage gain. That

is, the drain voltage can theo- retically vary +54 to -V4 the supply voltage if the FET drain is biased at the supply voltage midpoint. For the case in point, this ideally should occur with an FET current of about 5 mA, simul- taneously with a gate self-bias of around -1*0 volt If a gate bias of -1.5 volts is selected, a ±1.0 input swing can be tolerated without driv- ing the FET into its pinch-off region. Examination of Fig. 5

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shows that a drain voltage of 5 volts can be obtained with a -1-5 gate voltage at a current of 4.3 mA. Six and Vi volts {5 + 1.5) at the drain requires a 5.5 volt drop across R3 when the current is 43 mA. Note that when the bridge is balanced, no current flows through the meter and there- fore all FET current flows through R3.

— (d~" issw

A value of 1.2k can then be used for R3-

The value of R2 can be computed from the desired g3te bias {equal to the neg- ative source voltage) and FET current.

R2 = _L5j- 349

A 330 Ohm standard value resistor can then be used for R2.

The load line should now* be drawn on the FET charac- teristic curves and the circuit characteristic determined. The load line can be found by considering two conditions of the FET: (l) an open circuit, and (2) a short circuit*

Consider the condition when the FET is completely "pinched off," that is, it pre- sents an open circuit to the bridge as shown in Fig, 6(a). Equivalent circuits are shown in Figs. 6(b) and 6(c), where:

Be = (1.2 + .2) (2SI = .S9?k

(1.2 + Ji + as)

The voltage across Re is:

VRe = (12} imi\ =3,196 volts

and the voltage across the 1 .2k resistor is:

Vi 2 = C3J69^ (1,2) =2.716 volts

(1.5) + U)

Since no current is flowing through the 330 Ohm resis* tor, both ends of it are at ground potential. That means that the FET source is at zero volts and its drain voltage is:

Vd = 12.0 - 2.7 16 = 9.284 volM

The FET drain to source vol- tage is 9,284 volts when its current is zero.

When the FET is driven completely on, that is, it acts like a short circuit, the equiv- alent circuit is as shown in

Fig, 7 (a). Since the lower 2.5k resistor is large compared to the 330 Ohm resistor and the 200 Ohm meter, its effect on the circuit is small* The equiva- lent circuits are shown in Figs. 7(b) and 7(c). The effec- tive resistance of the upper portion of the circuit is:

Reu - fL2m5+^^ m\ k 1.5^15+0 2

and the total current is then:

t^ 12 10.34 mA

.831 + .33

The load line can be plot- ted on the FET character- istic curves by locating the two points, zero volts at 1034 mA, and 9.284 volts at zero mA. A line drawn be- tween these two points repre* sents the load seen by the FET.

Rload = 9^284/10.34 = .89Sk

The FET operating point, or its bias conditions with no input signal, can be found by an iterative process. First, guess a gate to source voltage, say -1,25 volts, and find from the characteristic curves the FET current and drain to source voltage at the point where the -L25 volt ^te curve intersects the load line. Fig, 5 gives values of 4 J volts and 5.1 mA, The 5 J mA of current through the 330 Ohm resistor produces a gate self-bias of -1*68 volts. The computed voltage and the guessed voltage should be averaged and the process re- peated, using the average value as the new guess, until the computed and guessed values are equal. The operat- ing point for the character- istic curves and load tine of Fig. 5 were found to be:

'1.4S vofts galB to K>urce self -bias 5,30 vol IS drain lo source 4.48 mA FET current

The circuit response to in- put signals can be determined by examining the voltages and currents along the load line. If an input signal drives the gate to source voltage from its -1 .48 volt operating point to -1.00 volts, the drain to source voltage is 4.05 and the current is 5,88 mA- The input signal required is equal

64

GF^D

12V

TO DISC. OUTPUT

Fig. 8. Printed circuit board layout

Fig. 9. Component placement*

to the -1.00 gate to source voltage plus the voltage across the 330 Ohm resistor,

Vin * -UOO + (5,88) (J33> = ■M>.94 volts

Given the voltage at the FET drain,

Vd » 4.05 + {5.88) (.33) - 5.99 votts

the voltage across the 1.2k resistor and its current can be found.

h^2 = 12.0-5.99^ 5.01 mA 1.2

The load line indicates that 5.88 mA flow through the FET, so the additional current must flow through the meter.

Im ^ 5.Se 5.0T - 0.S7 mA or S70 uA

The circuit response in terms of meter current for an input voltage can then be found.

Re^ = 870/0 J4 = 926 uA/^oft

Since the meter to be used is ±500 uA ful[ scale, and the signal from the discriminator is about 1 voltp a voltage divider of about 2 to 1 will be required at the FET input. The circuit input impedance is determined by the 1 meg resistor between the FET gate and ground. A 580k fixed resistor in series with a 500k pot was used with the 1 meg resistor to form a divider that could be easily adjusted.

Notice the expected dis- criminator output voltages of +1 ,0 and -0.8 do not drive the circuit into regions where it cannot operate. That is, the circuit is not driven too close to zero mA current, nor is it driven to a positive gate vol- tage which would lower its

input impedance. The circuit is also not driven near its maximum current limit. All three of these conditions should always be checked to assure proper circuit oper- ation.

Construction

A printed circuit board layout is shown in Fig, 8. This layout fits the parts that I had, but will fit most parts by drilling holes in the cor- rect location. The board is easy to copy with an etch resist marking pen. My assembled board was mount- ed by bolting directly to the meter terminals. Fig. 9 shows the parts placement*

The bridge balancing pot^ R4 + R5, must be adjusted before connecting the meter to the circuit. After assembling the circuit board, apply power from the source to ultimately be used. A well-regulated power source must be used. Adjust the balancing pot for exactiy zero volts across the terminals that are to be connected to the meter. Now the meter can be connected without fear of damage.

A direct reading frequency scale can be added to the meter to make it easy to use< Most military surplus meters have scales on a thin alumi- num plate. This plate can usually be unscrewed and re- versed, thus providing an attractive blank scale that just fits the meter. The plastic meters with permanent scales can be modified by the addition of a piece of heavy

bond paper. In either case, a temporarily attached blank scale is to be calibrated. The test setup of Fig. 1 is used to accurately provide known fre- quencies to the discriminator. Apply power to the meter circuit and connect it to the discriminator output. Adjust the signal generator in 1 kHz steps and carefully mark the blank scale accordingly. The accuracy of the meter is de- termined by the precision of this calibration. Do it care- fully 1 India ink and rub*on lettering can be used to make an attractive scale. Protect it with a light coat of clear plastic spray paint.

Using The Instrument

The meter described mea- sures how far the discrim- inator input frequency is from its center frequency- The absolute accuracy with which a received signal can be measured is then dependent upon the accuracy of the receiver local oscillator ahead of the discriminator. Keep this in mind when reporting other amateurs* transmit fre- quencies! The discriminator meter can be used to align two transmitters to the same frequency. If a meter with a targe scale is used, frequency differences of less than 100 Hz can easily be read. One hundred Hertz out of 146 MHz ain't half bad! Your receive crystals can be trimmed to frequency by listening to local repeaters and adjusting crystal trim- mers until the discriminator reads zero. You will be able

to measure receiver crystal warm-up frequency drift. Some of my crystals appear to drift 200 to 400 Hz. After you observe for a few months, you may suspect that some repeater output frequencies vary a few hun- dred Hertz from time to time* The warm-up drift of a home brew synthesizer was mea- sured by comparing its trans- mit frequency with a local repeater. The transceiver re- ceiver crystal was trimmed to the repeater frequency. A spot switch was added to the synthesizer to allow it to switch to the repeater trans* mit frequency while the re- ceiver was still receiving via the crystal. An extension of this technique with several different repeaters can be a big help in getting a synthe- sizer on frequency without need of a frequency counter. You may find that all repeat- ers are not quite on their advertised frequency and that a compromise on the synthe- sizer frequency may have to be made to get as close as possible to all of the repeater frequencies. Readers will un- doubtedly find additional uses for the discriminator meter.

Concluding Remarks

The discriminator meter was easy to design and build. It worked as expected on the first try. It was a fun project that can be duplicated in a week by just about anyone. All in all, it is a worthwhile piece of test equipment to add to the FM station. «

m

Since the beginning of amateur radio, hams have worked on improving the efficiency of Iheir signals. And many, not want^ ing to spend the time^ would buy a linear amplifier, instead of putting up a decent an- tenna.

Although a kilowatt ampli- fier may boost a 200 Watt signal 6 dB, the power is often wasted by using a dipole or vertical antenna. After all^ you are generally trying to conn muni cate with one person in a distinct portion of the world at a time- Why, then, should you send your sigfial to all parts of the Earth? A beam or antenna array would solve this problem by directing your signal in a distinct direc-^ tjon. At the same time, a certain amount of gain would be realized, and QRM from many stations would be minimized.

The variety of beam anten- nas in use today is astound- ing. Each has a distinct pattern, ^in, and front-to- back ratio (the difference, in dB, between a signal trans- mitted off the front and off the back of the antenna),

Although it is possible to buy a beam antenna, money can be saved by ^'rolling your own/' Books are available on how to build your own beam antenna, so the remainder of this article will deal with the choosing of a beam antenna, not the construction of one.

The Yagi

The yagi is a parasitic beam antenna. This means that the reflector and director

elements are not connected

Loran Joly WB0KTHJ4 4Z2 Cenu^l Av^. Mora MN 5S051

ORWEN ELE*rf£NT

A Kilowatt Alternative

-- try a gain antenna

to the feedline*

The main element consists of a simple dipole. The re- flector is slightly longa^ than Vi wavelength^ and the direc- tors are slightly shorter than Vi wavelength. A tv^o-element beam, consisting of a dipole and a parasitic element, when properly adjusted^ will exhibit a reasonable amount of gain. (See Fig, 1.)

All minor back lobes cannot be completely eliminated, but a gain of 5 dB is to be expected when using a two-element yagi. When another parasitic element is added, to make a three-ele- ment beam, a practical g^in of 7,0 to 8,5 dB is to be expected. In general, doubling the number of parasitic elements will in- crease the antenna gain by 3 dB, (See Table 1 »)

Yagis can be constructed out of tubing and wire. Wire yagjs are identical to their

■*- 'S^a

PARASITIC OtftCClOR

pipe counterparts in opera- tion. For best operation, a yagi should be elevated at least 30 feet off the ground.

Vertical Beams

Because a single i^ wave- length vertical antenna does not exhibit any gain over a dipole, many hams pass by this low-angle radiator with- out reafizing that two or more vertical antennas can be used to form specific pat- terns. The vertical radiates rf at a tow angle, making DX much easier to work. Shown in Fig. 2 is a two-element, phased, vertical system.

Coax is used as a delay line

in this system. One vertical receives rf Va cycle before the other one does. This way^ two verticals can become an end-fire array. Note: The coaxial phasing harness lengths mentioned in Fig, 2 are electrical, not physical, lengths-

%/4

\f4

*/^

t./t

^TO TRANSMITTER, ANY LENGTH

Cubical Quads

A cubical quad is an

efficient, low-cost DX anten- na. It is li#it and has a small turning radius. A quad is effective even when mounted close to the ground.

The quad consists of a simple loop, with reflector and director loops. Although the quad may be more diffi- cult to build and erect than a yagi, the pin compares very favorably to that of a yagi. More details can be found in William Orr^s book, AH About Cubtco! Quad Anten-

Long Wires

Single long wires, vee beams, and rhombics are very effective DX antennas. They have a high amount of gain. I am not going to go into the details of any of these anten- nas, however, for most hams would not have the amount of land necessary for them. For those who are interested in long wire antennas, the ARRL Antenna Book should prove quite useful. ■

4 ^-lements

(3 parasitics) 7 elements 19 eJemenis 56 elements 933 elements

9dB*

12dB-

1 5 dB' 18 dB* 27 dB*

Fig, t

Fig. Z

Table h '^'Gain will be slightly lesSi In actual practice^ by about J dB^

66

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Our value-standard 2-meter rig offers true digitaf fre- quency synthesis in 5 kHz steps and a built-in tone encoder to access most repeaters! Also features built-in simplex, -h and - 600 kHz offsets, and an aux. position that lets you add your own crystal for any other offset crystal you may want The HW'2036 has 0-5 ^V receiver sensitivity and a transmitter that can operate into an infinite VSWR without damage! Come on up to 2-meters with one of the best mobile rigs you can get.

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Compul^r Kit

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Kerbo^rd Printer

Terminal a1 Heath's

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AM-356

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All About

Transceivers

-- Novices, take note!

Many radio amateurs are searching for iheir

dream transceiver or their dream station and are finding the search and selection dif- ficult. Selection, unfortu- nately^ Is most frequently based upon cost rather than performance characteristics.

Dream stations have been described many times over the years — the best in spark g^p and audions, a Collins station, all solid state, all mode (AM, FM, SSB, FSK, ATV, SSTV, EME, etc.) stations, and computer con- trolled or "the lazy man's station/* Every amateur has visions of his dream station, and as the years progress, these visions change.

What you may set as cri- teria for that dream rig (sizei power, all mode, sensitivity, selectivity, stability, fre- quency coverage, etc*) are not the same as some I must also consider: Does its appearance please the XYL? Does it fit

the shack decor? Does it have pretty lights? '*You have to sell your other stuff before you can buy anything new!", etc.

Since my XYL (WB5TNI) fjnaily got her license after 27 years, I am at the stage of converting my tube-type, patchwork station into some type of unified, solid state station which we can both use. First we must consider the heart of the station, a separate transmitter and re* ceiver or a transceiver. We chose to go for a transceiver to which we hope to add a remote vfo to give split fre- quency capability.

Most rigs have much in common as far as basic chEracteristics are concerned — they cost more than I can afford, they do not cover all the frequencies I wish to operate (how am 1 going to cover MARS frequencies?), they do not function in all modes 1 wish to use, they

have insufficient power at a critical moment in the QSO, and they are not quite sensi- tive enough to pull that station out of the DX muck. 1 am sure that you can think of other basic characieristicSp

A dream transceiver, or dream station, must fulfill your needs. How do you like to operate in amateur radio — ON, SSB, RTTY, SSTV, ATV, VHF, EME, satellites, rag chew. Technician, Novice, General, Advanced, or Extra? Many factors must be con- sidered when we get down to actual hardware*

A station for the pio- fessional Novice would seem fairly simple to dream up as the maximum parameters have been established by the FCC - 250 Watts, vfo, CW only, and limited frequencies* One still has to choose be- tween solid state versus tubes, kits versus factory-built equipment, and new versus old (used). However, most

Novices look forward to advancing to higher class licenses. These Novices must consider most of the same criteria as the General or higher class licensee if they wish to grow into their rig. Many of the characteristics looked for by the Novice would also be good for more advanced licenses.

The vfo must be stable, and there should be provision for offset tuning. As a Novice, one needs only CW, but the transmitter should key cleanly (without chirps) and have a fast break-in mechanism. Almost all current new equipment will meet these criteria. Equip- ment designed for a specific small number of frequencies can be belter designed than that for a larger range. A CW filter With 400 cycles or less passhand is a must for CW enthusiasts. Selectivity, the ability to separate one signal from another, should also be good. Sensitivity, to dig signals from the muck, ideally should be 0.5 uV or less on all bands. Although most transceivers have a very narrow output impedance (50-70) Ohms), the ability to tune the output over a wider range would be helpfuL

The Technician's require- ments on the high frequency bands are the same as the Novice's. However, he has a range of choices in the VHF bands. We will not discuss

VHF in this article.

We really come to a wide

range of choice with the General, Advanced, or Extra class licensee. A good method of making a choice among the many currently available transceivers is to listen to the discussions of ama^un on the air. Amateurs are fairly free with their comments concerning the good and bad characteristics of the various rigs. Another method is to listen to the quality of the rigs you hear on the air.

In our area^ the popular transceivers seem to be the Heath SB series, Kenwood TS-520, Yaesu^ and Orake. The Swan transceivers have

88

never been popular here. We are also noting a decrease in popularity of the Drake TR-4C and the Yaesu FT*101. The Kenwood and Atlas transceivers seem to be increasing in popularity. Five years ago, the Drake, Heath, and Yaesu were the most popular units, I personally have a Swan-350 which is one continuous headache, and a borrowed Drake TR4. The TR-4, in the experience of hams in this area, is a better rig than the TR-4C. In our area^ there are probably more Kenwood TS-520s (with Heath being second) than any other rig. (In our charts, the Tempo "one" is added for consideration as some amateurs still prefer tube-type units, Collins is not considered^ due particuiarly to costp the fact that other transceivers can outperform the KWM-2, and because the KWM-2 has not been modern- ized for many years.)

If I were to buy a new rig today, I would have great difficulty deciding just what I would choose- Even after the research I have done for this article^ I still find choice con- fusing. I like some features on one unit, and others I don*t like. So it goes with all avail- able units. My dream transceiver has yet to be designed and built. However, each of us has our own re- quirements, and we must compromise with what is available.

What would I like for my dream transceiver? Cost should be below $500 (but that is impossible in the current market); buift-in ac and dc power supply ; variable power - 100 to 150 Watts PEP output, with capabilities of going to 300 Watts PEP output when the going gets rough; full coverage of all HF amateur bands, plus enough extra on the ends to cover MARS frequencies; cap- abilities built-in for CW, SSB, FSK and AFSK, and adapt- able to SSTV; digital dial backed by an accurate fre- quency counter; WWV monitoring capability on 10

Transoetver

9

Hi

5

i

«0

o

■

i

1-

op

1

O

o

g

o

X

o

CM

c o

■H

Characteristic:

Mod«: CW

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

4

4

4-

+

AM

+

+

+

-

.

>

.

-

_

4

4

^

_.

LSB/USB

+

+

-»-

+

+

+

+

4

4

4

4

4

4

FSK

■>

-

4

-

-

-

*

+

-.

.

^

-

-.

Frequency:

160 meters

'mr

+

+

-

—

,_

-

+

4

w

*

*

OPT

2E2SB MHz

OPT

+

+

+

+

■I-

+

+

4

4

?

OPT

4

29-29S MHz

OPT

+

+

+

OPT

+

+

+

4

4

7

OPT

OPT

29,S 30 MHi

_

■I-

+

7

?

-

?

4

+

4

7

OPT

4

WWV

*

-t

+

+

+

.

+

4

4

+

m

OPT

4

Aux. Bands

-

1

-

OPT

Ml

m

-

1

tm.

.

■^

OPT

OPT

Crystal Cali.

+

+

+

■*■

+

+

+

4

•

+

?

4

4

Suppression (-dB)

Carrier

60

50

40

55

5S

45

40

40

50

50

40

SO

60

Unwanted SB

60

50

40

55

55

45

40

50

50

50

50

60

60

Spurious

?

40

40

50

50

55

?

60

40

50

30

40

45

Harmonics

?

?

40

45

45

45

40

40

40

40

30

35

46

Sensitivity

(aVJ

.5

.3

.25

.6

.6

.35

.5

.25

.25

,3

-5

,3

.3

Set^ctlvity

SSB

Selectivity

SSB

2.1

2,4

2.4

2.1

2,1

2.1

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2,7

22

CW

m

OPT

■ OPT

OPT

OPT

OPT

OPT

OPT

400

600

400

-

OPT

Noise Blander

OPT

+

+

OPT

OPT

+

4

4

4

4

7

OPT

OPT

Power Supply:

Internal ac

m-

+

-

-

-

-

+

+

4

+

-

■^

-

Internal dc

»

+

+

-f

4-

-

+

-

*

4

-

+

4

Power, finsi

Input. W PEP

300

7m

200

7

?

180

160

200

200

180

300

200

200

Output, PEP

?

?

?

100

100

7

■

7

7

?

?

7

100

7

Sidetone

OsciMator

+

+

^

^

+

+

-(■

4

+

4

7

-

4

Fig. 2. Transceiver basic character/sties. + = present in transmiver^ - = not present; OPT = optionaf accessory.

and 15 MHz; VOX and push-to-talk; all solid state; separate vfo to use split fre- quencies for DX; sensitivity on all bands of 0.25 uV, or less, for 10 dB S+N/N; carrier suppression of 60 dB or better, unwanted sideband suppression of 60 dB or better, and spurious and harmonics down by at least 60 dB; and selectivity of 2.1 kHz at -6 dB on SSB, and not much greater than that at -100 dB, On CW I would like a filter or selectivity of about 150 Hz. And, of course, I would like a noise blanker and a sidetone monitor.

The Tempo 2020 and Hy-Gain 3750 are still rather unknown quantities, although the specs look good. We are beginning to see more and more japanese-built rigs that seem to be the same basic unit with only the name plate, front panel, and a few options difference.

Although there are many

ways to broadly divide trans- ceivers into groups, the following are usually the first considered:

Cost: Below $500, $500-1000, $1000-2000, and

over $2000. New versus used equipment.

Construction: Kits versus facto ry~assem bled. Solid state, tubes, hybrid. Ixodes: CW only; CW/SSB; CW/AM/SSB; ONjSS%lMAj FSK.

Frequency: Single band ver- sus ailband, or multiband; vfo, crystal, synthesizer.

New equipment and new models of present equipment are coming out at all times, so what is said in this article may be superseded shortly. Heath kit is featuring the SB-104 which has superseded other units in the SB series. Although the Heathkit HW-101 is still advertised, it appears the HW-1 04 is des- tined to replace the HW-101, Kenwood brought out the

TS-520, and shortly there- after the TS-820 appeared on the market Yaesu is also bringing out new models — first the FT-101, then the FT-IOIB, the FT-IOIE and EE, and now the FT-301D. With every new model the price seems to go up. There are now very few^ if any, transceivers selling new for under $500 if one considers the total cost of putting the transceiver on the air.

The question of new versus used is faced by both the newcomer and the established amateur. New units have a much better warranty than used unitSj but if repairs are needed, how long would it take to get the unit repaired under warranty? Where does one have to send the transceiver for warranty repairs? There are different types of warranties — factory and dealer. A few dealers also offer warranties in addition to the factory warranty.

m

TRANS*

Dfakff

Ymm

Ymsu

Heatb

Heeih

Heath

Kenwood

Kenwood

Hy-Gain

Tempo

Tempo

Atlas

Triton

CEIVER

TR-4C

FT-101E

FT-301

SB 104

HW 104

HW-101

TS520

TS-820

3750

2020

'One'

210X

IV

Basic New

599-95

749 .00

769.00

N/A

N/A

W/A

629.00

830.00

1895.00

759,00

399.00

679,00

699.00

Basic Used

469.00

425.00

7

595.00

449.00

249.00

529.00

7

?

7

319.00

519.00

7

Kit

N/A

N/A

N/A

6a9.9S

4^.95

339.95

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

ac power

120.00

X

125.00

89.95

88.95

57.95

X

X

X

X

99.00

195.00

129.00

Crvstal

Catibrator

X

X

7

■■-

X

X

X

X

-

X

?

X

X

Speaker

24.95

X

1 9.00

29.95

19.95

19.95

X

X

59,95

X

19.00

'#»

X

Microphone

39.95

X

X

39.95

39,95

39.95

39,95

39.95

39.95

X

39.95

39.95

29.50

SUBTOTAL

784.S5

749.00

913.00

829.80

638.80

457,80

66895

8^.95

1994 SO

7S9.0O

556,95

913,95

827.50

dc Power

135.00

X

X

X

X

84,95

X

N/A

N/A

X

120.00

X

X

Noise Blanker

100.00

X

K

26.95

26.95

?

X

X

X

X

?

40.00

29.00

CW Filter

?

45,00

45.00

39,95

39.95

29.95

45.00

45.00

X

K

X

N/A

25,00

29-29.5 MHz

7,96

X

X

X

16.95

X

X

X

X

X

7

»

B.OO

28-28S MHz

7.95

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

?

•

X

1@Q meters

N/A

X

X

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

X

X

N/A

N/A

N/A

97.00

Dig. Dial TOTAL

N/A 1035.75

N/A

794,00

X 958.00

X 896.70

N/A 723,65

N/A 572.70

N/A 713.95

170,00

1084S5

X

1994.90

Hybrid 759.00

• *#

•299 1 252SE

N/A

676.95

\ 983.50

Fig, h Cost comparison. X = Built into the transceiver^ N/A - cost, *Aaxi/iary li'o Model 206 (digital dial) provides complete also functions independently as a 100 HzAO MHz frequency ^^'^Availabfe as an option at one tinte, no longer listed.

Questions lo ask are where such a unil.

Not available^ ? = not known. A vailable options are listed with coverage of 3-5, 6-8, 8-10, 14-16, 20-22, and 28-30 l^lHi. (206 counter. Price $299.) **Buitt into ac power supply console.

the repair work will be done — factory or local dealer — and how long it will take for repairs.

When buying used equip- ment^ you may be buying someone else's troubles. If you buy either new or used equipment, you should buy from a reputable firm or per- son. In the charts we list new and used prices as published in amateur journals by rep- utable firms. Used prices from individuats can vary greatly, as can equipment condition* Locally^ the maxi- mum used price is at least 1 5-20% less than east coast or west coast' prices. Used prices from individuals are usually less than used prices from retail stores.

If you do not know which are reliable companies, then ask your friends who may have had dealings with the firms or listen to the com- ments made on the air by other amateurs.

Buying used equipment from individuals can be very hazardous, particularly if you do not know how to judge used equipment. It is best to take a friend with you who can judge used equip menu If possible, take a friend who owns a unit like the unit you are considering or has had some experience operating

Several points should be kepi in mind when buying used equipment. First comes visual inspection, externally and internally, ts the unit ctean or beat-up? Have mod- ifications been made on the unit? Is there evidence of rewiring or soldering not of factory manufacture or not equal to factory quality sol- dering? Are there any addi- tional holes in the cabinet or chassis that were not there when the unit came from the factory? Also determine if repair parts arc still available. Some of the older units are sold as is because repair parts are difficult to obtain. Other units are difficult to repair because the manufacturer has gone out of business, or has gone out of the amateur radio business.

Second, you should check the receive characteristics- Attach the transceiver to an antenna and check the receive characteristics on all bands* Is it noisy? Does it separate the signals well? Does the S-meter work? Compare sensitivity, or ability to pick up weak sig- nals, with a unit you know works properly. Is there dis- tortion or a broken cone in the speaker? Do you gel ring- ing on SSB or when the CW filter is used? Does it cover

the frequencies you wish to work? Does the crystal cali- brator work?

If the receive section seems to work well, then check the transmit section. If possible, make on-lhe^air con- tacts, and get reports. Termi- nate the output of the trans- mitter through a wattmeter into a dummy load to mea- sure output power. Can you load it to full rated power on each band? Are the final tubes soft? Docs the trans- mitter cover the frequencies which you would like to work? Do you get maximum output at the point where you get the maximum dip on the plate-current meter? If not, you may find the trans- mitter is improperly neutral- ized.

Fig. 1 is a cost comparison chart. The most important figure is the total , which is what it would cost to put a new unit on the atr (exclusive of the antenna system) at the level to include options that may be standard on other units. For example, some units have noise blankers as standard equipment, whereas this may be optional with others. The cost of such options is included in the total. We also include both ac and dc power supply cost in the total. Under microphone, we list the cost of factory

recommendations, but it is realized that cheaper micro- phones are available. Some units have built-in speakers, but an external speaker is usually to be preferred. Three of the listed transceivers have digital readouts based upon frequency counters, and one has a hybrid readout com- bining a digital readout for megahertz and kilohertz and a dial for hundreds of cycles. Most of the units have fre- quency readouts resettable within ±1-2 kHz and a drift of less than 100 H^ after warm-up.

The FCC requires that the amateur licensee have some method of measuring trans- mitter frequency independent of the frequency-determining device of the transmitter it- self Most amateurs meet this requirement by using a cali- brated receiver with a 100 kHz and/or 25 kHz crystal calibrator which has been zero beat with one of the primary frequencies of WWV. Some transceivers have WWV receive capability,^ others do not. A few can receive WWV on both 10 MHz and 15 MHz. The capability to receive WWV is a desirable feature on a transceiver. In the chart, crystal calibrator refers to one with 100 kHz calibration points. A few units also have 25 kHz calibration points,

70

and WWV also means that the transceiver has receive cap- ability for WWV,

All transceivers considered in the comparison did cover the full 8040-20 and 15 meter bands and 28.5 to 29,0 MHz of the 1 0 meter band- In the chart, we list additional coverage by the transceivers that is in excess of these basic bands* A few units also have provision for auxiliary bands which may be determined by the user.

During years of low sun- spot activity, there is con- siderable activity on the 160 meter band, even though there are frequency and power restrictions in certain geographic areas for use of this band. I personally would not pay extra for the 160 meter band. However, it is important lo me that a trans- ceiver be able to cover at least to 293 MHz for OSCAR activity and that it cover sufficiently beyond the band edges for MARS frequencies. It is important to consider the total coverage of the transceiver — if you don't want the extra coverage now, you may want it in the future.

Some transceivers have selectable sideband on all fre- quencieSi others have only lower sideband on 80 and 40 meters and only upper side- band on 20-15-10 meters, tn our chart, an X in the LSB/USB column means the unit has selectable sideband. The lack of selectable side- band is not a serious de-

traction, as most amateurs

use only the lower sideband on 80 and 40 and only upper sideband on 20, 15, and 10 meters.

Final amplifier input power is limited to a max- imum of 250 Watts for

Novices and Technicians, and other classes of licensees have a maximum input of 1,000 Watts for CW and AM, and 2,000 Watts PEP for side- band. FCC regulations state that an amateur should use the minimum amount of power necessary to maintain communications. For each 3 dB increase, one must double the power. Assuming 100 Watts output as the baseline, one must go to 200 Watts to bring about a noticeable difference in reception over 100 Watts, to 400 Watts for 3 dB increase over 200 Watts, and 800 Watts output from 400 for another 3 dB in- crease. Generally, one can figure about 100 Watts out- put from 160-180 Walts in- put to the final Most of the transceivers reviewed had an input of about 200 Watts and generally can produce satis- factory communications.

Many amateur radio mag- azines—/A//n RadfOf QST, 73 — carry articles evaluating in depth new equipment as it is marketed. These are usually good sources of unbiased technical evaluations, and usually indicate how the par- ticular unit under test com- pared with the manufacture er's published specifications.

We are using the man- ufacturer's pu btished specifications in our com- parison charts.

Sensitivity is the ability of a receiver to pull in weak signals and is rated in micro- volts (uV) for 10 dBS+N/N. The 1977 Handbook defines sensitivity as '^the signal at the input of the receiver re- quired to give a signal plus noise output some staled ratio (generally 10 dB) above the noise output of the re- ceiver/' Sensitivity can be in- creased through the use of a solid state, low-noise pre- amplifier, as much noise is generated by thermionic emission from tubes. The amount of thermionic noise in tubes can be decreased by running them at a lower volt- age — e,g,, 100 V instead of 1 80 V — in the early stages of the receiver where the most noise is generated before the signal is adequately amplified. An all solid state receiver has a lower noise level, and usual- ly better sensitivity than does a tube type receiver. The newer transceivers are all of the solid state variety in the receiver section. Exceptions to this statement in the com* parison chart are the TR-4C and HW-101, which are pre- dominantly tube types.

Selectivity is a measure of the ability of a receiver to separate adjacent signals* Selectivity is a measure of the width of the bandpass at a point 6 dB down {S dB) from the peak of the band- pass curve. For a receiver

with 2.4 kHz selectivity, the bandpass is 2.4 kHz wide at -6 dB. For SSB, a selectivity of 2,1 to 2.4 kHz is good, as an SSB signal is usually no broader than 2.4 kHz. On CW, since theoretically it is a single frequency signal, the bandpass can be much narrower. Most receivers with CW filters have a 400 cycle bandpass, but some have only 150 cycle bandpass. In newer types of receivers, a crystal filter is used to provide band- pass at ten uat ion _

The selectivity bandpass at 6 dB down must be sufficient to pass the necessary signal Information (single sideband, double sidebands, or carrier plus sidebands) without un- desired attenuation. An AM signal requires about twice the bandpass of an SSB sig- nal. A CW signal, as stated previously, requires even less bandpass frequency.

If your transmitter has a sidetone oscillator, you can hear yourself as you send CW, The ability to hear yourself with a sidetone oscillator in the transmitter, or on the keyer, helps in sending better formed CW. Without being able to hear yourself send, you can have difficulty with proper spacing and formation of characters.

Other characteristics of transceivers are also impor- tant and are used as seJIing points in advertising. We have

listed In the charts only what we consider to be the basic characteristics of importance in a good transceiver, ■

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rCOM 325 740 00

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ICOM 343 ;S^ 4%. 00

ICOM 315 1S8 00

Offliron JKW Tvn»f 1 99.00

&nhm T4XC »0 m

PT«h«AiC4 (OSVOCF

Siv^tmJ T4&A iKifi 7B9 00

T«ifi«a Onr AC S«j^4>ly 4SO.O0'

T«iiit>po 7030 655. OG

T«mpD VHF On« Piui 143.00

Voeiu

Vaciw YoeHt

FTIOIE FTIOlfE

fr231R

ftiai rviais

FftlOISO FT630* OTf 54

61^00

350 00

503 00 665 00 B09 00

2m w

443 00 4I50D

»)odo

1^0 00

76m

71

mchael A. Baker WSCM/S 7101 Mandann Drive Biioxi MS S9SZ2

German Amateur Procedures

-- and repeater information

This article has two pur- poses* The first is to inform anyone who talks to a German ham on the HF bandSi because he may be interested in knowing more about the other man's hobby environment. The second is to help anyone anticipating a trip or work assignment in Germany, who may well wish to do some hamming while in the country. For these reasons, this article wilt ex- plain the ham license struc- ture and hobby activities available in Germany,

Like most hams all over the world, the German ham you talk to has had io pass a series of exams. They are given by the Deutsche Bundespost. The minimum age at which one can become a ham is 16 years. There are two main divisions of licenses, the class A/B and the class C Holders of a class A or B can operate all per- missible amateur bands on all modes, with the only dif- ference between them being

the transmitter power autho- rized. If you've worked a German ham on the HF

bandsj he had eiiher a class A or B license, because the class C license is the equivalent of the American Technician class and allows only opera- tion above 144 MHz.

If you will refer to Table 1 for a summary of the bands and modes for each license, you will note that^ unlike the American Technician class^ the German class C ham may not operate CW on any band. He has not been required to pass a CW exam to get his license. This is the only dif- ference between the class C and cla^ A/B ham, because all hams lake the same writ- ten exam on technical, regula- tory, and operational sub- jects. The code test is at 60 characters per minute and re- quires a solid minute*s copy each ofp first, five-letter groups, then German language text, and then English language text, A max- imum of three errors is per-

missjble. If a ham has a class C license, he need only pass the code test to upgrade to a

class A license*

If the exam is failed, the applicant may take it again, if

the second attempt is failed, a mandatory waiting period of one year must be observed before trying apin. tf the third attempt is failed, a period of three years must be waited out before trying ag^in.

License fees are paid by the month at 3 Deutsche Marks (DM) ($1.25), plus 3 DM for the issuance of a new or duplicate license. The exam costs 15 DM ($6.25) the first time and 5 DM for a repeat,

A ham must operate as a class A operator for a year's probationary period before he may upgrade his license to class B status, if his record is good. A class A station is allowed a maximum of 50 Watts final power amplifier dissipation^ a class B station

150 Watts, and a class C station 50 Watts. While this

system is different from the American use of power input, you can readily compare them if you refer to the normal efficiencies of 5SB and FM amplifiers.

just as in the U.S. A,, you can tell something about a German ham from his call- sigi. Old-timers with class B licenses are assigned a DL, DK, or DJ prefix, and newer operators have a DF prefix. Class C stations are DC or DD prefixed. If the ham is not a citizen of Germany, but of another country, he receives a a D)0 class A/B prefix or a DC0FA to )2 class C call. American military stationed in Germany receive a DAI or DA2 prefix for a class B or a DA4 prefix for a class C license, depending on the class of their U.S* license.

To operate in Germany as an American, there are two basic systems in use. If you are a touristj you can obtain a temporary reciprocal license commensurate with your U.S.A. license class, and you will use your U,S-A. calf with a /DL. The ARRL has an information package available for your use in applying in advance for the license. Or, if you Ye in a hurry or already in Germany, write the German equivalent to the ARRL, the Deutscher Ama- teur Radio Club (DARC), at Postfach 1 153, 3507 Baunatal 1, West Germany. Ask in your letter for a tourist license valid for three months, and include the fol- lowing information in the for- mat shown:

1. Family name, Chris- tian name, nationality

2, Birthday

3. Place of birth

4, U.S.A. address

5. U*S.A. callsign

6, ARRL membership status

7- Copy of U.S*A* license

S. Dates of S-month period desired 9. Mai! address in Ger- many

72

10. Actual address in Germany

It. 15 DM intep national check or money order, or wire to the DARC bank account, Postscheckamt Essen 5613-430, with a note (showing your U.5-A. callsign) that it is for a tourist license. You should expect up to six weeks processing time for your license to go through the DARC to the German authorities and back to you. If you are to be stationed in Germany with the U,S. mili- tary under the Status of Forces Act, you must go through the U.S. Army liaison office to apply for a license. Write for application forms to the Commander, 5th Signal Command, Attn: CCE-OP-T-ML, APO NY 09056. This license will be issued for a year at a timej at an annual cost of 39 DM ($16.50), by the FTZ division of the Deutsche Bundespost (DBP). It will be a class B license for ail classes except Technician and Novice. Tech- nicians receive a class C license, and Novices are not eligible for a DA call license. However, a Novice can obtain a three-month tourist license to hold him over until he can upgrade at the FCC examina* tions given twice a year at Ramslein Air Base, Germany, Now that we've discussed the license and privilege struc- ture, it*s time to talk about what can be done on the air with the license. The HF bands, you will note^ are smaller than in the U,S,A*, but are not legally divided into modes of emission or subbands. However, "gentle- men's agreements" exist, much the same as in the U.S. A- German hams tike working OX and rag chewing as much as any ham, and the usual blend of home brew and commercial equipment can be found, made by Ger- man, Japanese, and American manufacturers. Customs and taxes really elevate the prices on giear, however. Can you imagine paying $1000 for a

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Fig, J. Two meter repeaters in Germany.

new Drake R48 receiver or $800 for a Yaesu FT-221? ** Discount" is a word not readily found in a German ham dealer's vocabulary* However p in the usual ham spirit of "keeping the rig new while forgetting to buy shoes for the family," hams manage to stay on the air. Hams here also find themselves inter- ested in CW, SSB, SSTV, and RTTV, with, of course, the usual local and internationat blend of contests available to jam the weekend bands into

an aspirin bottle.

Of the over 25,000 German hams, many, either because of their class C license or a genuine interest and desire for the open spaces of radio, find their interests directed towards VHF/UHF operation. It is in this area that the German hams really excel Technical proficiency is, on the average, very high,

and these bands lend them- selves to home brew and an- tenna projects readily. As can be seen from Table 1, there

are no 50 MHz or 220 HWz bands in Germany. As a re- sult, most activity is on the 144 and 430 MHz bands, and even these bands are smaller than in the U.S.A.

There is a high degree of activity on FM using both simplex and repeaters. The main two meter and 70 cm frequencies are given in Tables 2 and 3, from which you can see thai the Germans use the standard two meter 600 kHz offset, and a 7.6 MHz offset on 70 cm- There

73

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Fig, 2. 70 ciw repeaters In Germany.

are ten two meter repeater channeEs allocated to about 77 Ktjve machines on a 25 kHz spacing^ and with no oddball or revei^e splits. Fig. 1 is a map of two meter FM repeaters in Germany* The 70 cm repeaters number 45 at present, and, although pro- vision is made for the eventual use of 25 kHz spacing, present spacing is mainly 50 kHz. Fig. 2 shows the German 70 cm repeaters. All German repeaters operate on a dual entry of carrier

squelch plus a 1750 Hz tone burst* No other entry tone burst frequency is allowed^ and many commercial trans- ceivers sold in the U.S. have a special German "G** version, which includes a tone burst circuit for this purpose. The DARC coordinates all re- peater locations and fre- quencies, and the* DBP will not process a license applica- tion for a repeater that has not been approved by the DARC. Some DARC standards for repeaters in-

clude a 4-5 second delay on transmitter turnoff, a 1-2 minute time-out on individual transmissions, and a 1-1,5 second delay between squelch off and timenQUt timer (TOT) reset, at which lime a short audio beep called a "roger beep'* is sounded to tell the repeater users that the TOT has reset. This last feature works wonders in dis- couraging taiigaters from ex- cluding breakers and emer- gency traffic. In addition to FM repeaters, there are a few

repeaters available for ATV and RTTY, plus some linear transponders. All German two meter repeaters are ex- tremety busy. Unless he has an adequate command of the German language, the American ham in Germany will usually avoid the re- peaters and operate on the simplex channels, with 145.550 MHz being the standard frequency adapted by the DA stations.

So far it would seem that the VHF/UHF scene is ex- clusively FM, but this is far from true. Ttiere is heavy use of two meter SSB, and it is not unusual to work Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Holland, or England on good days. Nor is it unusual to talk to a two meter station using a 1 5 Watt transceiver and a 40 to 88 element yagi array! Also, the Germans are heavily active on OSCAR and, in fact, operate a branch of AMSAT, AMSAT-DL, which furnished the mode "B" 70 cm to two meter transponder now in operation in OSCAR 7, In fact, there are more active mode B users in Europe than in the whole UvS.A-

There are some FM re- peaters appearing on the 23 cm band now, and several groups are working with such high frequencies as 10.5 GHz microwave. But this is rela- tively specialized and beyond the scope of this article.

Those hams who aren*ton the air talking may well be at their benches building a home brew project. Home brewing is very popular, especially at VHF and above, and there is a whole subgroup of hams devoted to this aspecL There is even a maga- zine, called i^HF Com- munlcatfons, which is pub- lished in both German and English language versions four times a year and is devoted to home brew projects. The nice thing about this particular publication Is thai it offers as a service the complete avail- ability of critical parts and printed circuit boards to duplicate any project that has

74

been published. German home brew equipment gen- erally reflects a high standard of technical sophistication and construction technique excellence*

If you have a radio fre- quency interference problem, don't despair- The Bundespost has a large fleet of specially equipped radio test vans and friendly, help* ful, proficient technicians who can come to you and evaluate your station and transmitted signal. If you are "clean/- German law requires the owner of the TV, stereo, antenna preamplifier, etc, to fix his equipment by shielding, grounding, and filtering. Of course, if you are at fault, you can be required to install your own station low pass filters, grounding, etc., as may be required, plus obey license restrictions until you are clean, just as in the U.S.A.

If you like to meet your ham friends, look at the latest commerciat equipment, or buy some parts or kits^ have a dinner with music and a live dance band, you can do it all at a German hamfest. Just as tn the U,S*A*, these popular occasions come in all sizes, from large to small, ranging from national to local in scope. Not only are the German fests categorized by size, but they are also some- times devoted to a particular interest group. Can you imagine a Dayton Hamfest devoted to exclusively VHF/UHF interests? In Germany ^ one such event that draws national attendance of VHF/UHF enthusiasts is held every autumn at Weinheimi and is quite a feast for those who like VHF/UHF FM, SSB, commercial and home brew equipment and antennas.

The national radio club, the DARC, boasts a member- ship of over 90% of Germany's 25,000 hams and offers a wide variety of services. The club's national magazine, CQ-DL, is pub- lished monthly with 80 pages and 30,000 copies- The club is organized Into 19 districts,

each of which can have up to 50 local clubs* The club mag- azine offers operating and legal news on the internation- al, national, and local fronts, technical articles, etc., just like any ham ma^zine. If you think the new equipment reviews written by the American hams in American magazines are worthwhile, you should see the articles written by the DARC engi- neering staff after a checkout in the club's lab. One com- mercial Japanese all-mode two meter transceiver that got a one page review by an American magazine received an eleven page thoroughly technical review by the DARC!

Another service of the DARC is an international and national QSL bureau, which handles cards sent and re- ceived* Cards are processed from the club and its allied national QSL bureaus to the individual district clubs. One more service is a third party insurance policy for hams to cover damages; for example, it might cover damages caused by an antenna blowing down or falling onto a neigh- bor or his roof.

As mentioned earlier in the article, the DARC works extremely closely with the German government. What does all this cost? At first, the anneal dues of 55 DM ($27) seem like a lot, but when you consider all the services avail- able, as only partly men- tioned above, it becomes much more reasonable.

Incidentally, US. hams stationed in Germany with the military are generously afforded reciprocity by the DARC as a courtesy, which means that the ham can defer recetving the German lan- guage CQ'DL Magazine and the insurance policy, and still use the full QSL bureau services through a local DARC club for only 11 DM ($4,60) a year. All it takes is 40 or more QSL cards sent out by US. postage rates to make the fixed charg^e look good, and it looks even better when you discover that, while

Frsquancy

35-3.8 7,0-7.1 14.0-14.35 21.0-21.45

28.0-29.7

144-146

430-440

Class A/ B modes

A1, A2. A3. A3J, F1, F3 A1 , A2, A3, A3J, F1, F3 Al, A2, A3. A3J, Ft,F3 At, A2, A3, A3 J, Ft, F3 A1,A2, A3, A3J, F1, F3 A1, A2, A3, A3J, F1, F3 A1. A2,A3, A3J, F1,F3

CfassC model

nont

npne

none

none

A3, A3J. F3

A3, A3J. F3

Table L Higher frequency bands are deleted.

Simplex: callmg/working fr«qy ancles

145,500/ 145.525/ 145.550/ 145.575

Re pea ten;

Channel

Input

Out|Mtt

0

1 45.000

145^600

t

145.025

145,625

2

145.050

145.650

a

145.075

145.675

4.

145.100

145.700

i

145.125

145-725

6

145.150

145.750

7

145.175

145.775

8

145.200

145 800

S

145.225

145.825

Tab/e 2,

Two meter FM band p!an.

Simpfex: 435.0

Repeaters:

Channel

Input

Output

70

431.050

438.650

72

431.100

438.700

74

431.150

438.750

76

431 .200

438.800

78

431.250

438.350

80

431 .300

438.900

82

431.350

438.950

84

431.400

439,000

86

431.450

439,050

87

431 475

439075

Table 3, 70 cm FM band plan.

in the U.S. a first class letter costs 13^, in Germany a first class letter within the country costs 21^, and international European mail from Germany costs 50^ or more. Nonethe- lessi many American hams do pay the full dues and enjoy the full privileges of the DARC. You*d be surprised how well you can understand the German language ham magazine, even if you don't **spricht Deutsch/* by look* ing at the pictures and catch- ing key words in the text; after all, a dB or kHz in English is the same in German!

Speaking of clubs^ the larg- est and most organized American club in Germany is the Wiesbaden Amateur Radio Club. This club is head- qu arte red in Wiesbaden, Germany, has an inter- national cast of members, but is heavily composed of Americans working in

Germany. This ARRL a: iated club is associated with its DARC counterpart local club, and enjoys outstanding cooperation and rapport with the local German club and the DARC. Members come from over an hour's drive away to attend the monthly club meetings, and the club's activities include the only "Americanized" hamfest, hetd once each May in Germany, as a regular event* The hamfest is an excellent meeting place for hundreds of German and American hams, as well as those of several other nationalities. It's a real sight to see the German hams eating the club's food con- cession's barbecued ham- burgers, while the American hams eat worst and brotchen. The hamfest has a technical boothj where FM transceivers

are checked for frequency, power, and deviation. Other fest features enjoyed by all

75

are the flea market, door prize raffle, and end*of-the- day flea market auction, with

the lalter being especially novel and enjoyed by the German hams.

AlsOj of course, the club offers code and theory classes during the year. Since elimi- nation of the mail exams^ it has become harder to get new hams or upgrade licenses^ but the FCC has been very help- ful by working with the authorities to allow an examiner to come to

Germany twice a year to give commercial and amateur exams* If you want to talk to a club member, you1l find him on 145.550 MHz FM or on the club's repeater, DA4FB, This open repeater is the only one in Germany that has a license granted to an American-backed club, and operates on channel 87^ as per Table 3. So, by all means, bring along your two meter and 70 cm FM rigs when you come to Germany.

As you can see, hamming

in Germany has a lot to offer. fferhaps this article wilt allow you to have a more meaning- ful and interesting rag chew with the next '^D" prefix station you talk to, or, if you are coming to Germany to visit or work, you will be better prepared to enjoy your hobby more fully. The hams in Germany and Europe are very friendly and helpful, and you are sure to en|oy your next QSO or visit,

Tve had the pleasure of living and hamming En

Germany for three years, and would like to take this oppor- tunity to express my deep appreciation to at I the hams in Germany, the DARC, and the Wiesbaden ARC, for making it so much fun and for helping me to see another aspect of my hobby. A special thanks to Jean Binet DC0HO/F0AOB and to Herb B r as i n gton D Al KD/ WB4EWX for their help and encouragement in the writing of this article. Auf Wieder- sehen! «

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auHJUilffllCldllt

77

Herb Brasington WB4EWK/DA1KD 301 GemmiDriv^ Satellite B&ach FL 32955

The DA4FB Story

-- American repeater in Germany

SCnuEs

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HILES

* I KM

10 20 30 40 50 60

FRANKFURT

I^£IN-|^IN AB

DARMSTADT

HANNHEIH HEIDELBERG

FRAKCE

JCARLSRUHE

Fig, h Arm of coverage of DA4FB 70 cm repeater^ with major dlies and USAF military inswlla lions indicated. The antenna is at a height of 800 meters (2624 feet), and has a cardioid pattern oriented toward Frankfurt.

How do you draw to gather amateurs who are spread over a large geo- graphical area (4700 square miles) and provide for reliable communications among them? One obvious solution to this problem is the instal- lation of an FM repeater. But, when you consider that the geographical area of concern is in the Federal Republic of Germany, and that the major- ity of the amateurs are Americans, the solution to the problem is a little more complex.

Members of the US Wiesbaden Amateur Radio Club (USWARC), a large group of amateurs composed

heavily of Americans living and working in West Germany, began discussing this problem in ^4ay, 1976- A repeater committee was formed^ and various members of the club and committee were tasked to begin to look for a suitable site, secure equipment, and apply for the station license.

The area of desired cover- age was so large that a central location for the repeater was necessary. The terrain con- sists mainly of rolling hills, and is divided almost in half by a range of mountains that runs northe ast/south west through the area. Jerry Stewart K5CFQ/DA1HZ was able to secure permission to imtall the proposed repeater at a military communications site near the center of the area. The site is on a 2300- foot mountain J has a 300- foot microwave tower, is manned 24 hours a day, and has emergency backup generators. What more could be asked for?

Preliminary negotiations were initiated with Deutsch- tand Amateur Radio Club (DARC) officials for the authority to install and oper- ate a repeater. The FTZ divi- sion of the Deutsche Bundes- post (DBP, the German equivalent of the FCC) will issue a license for a repeater only if the license application has been coordinated with

78

the DARC The DARC analyzes the application and insures sufficient separation between repeaters (both in frequency and distance) be- fore giving the OK to the FTZ to issue the license. The DARC makes the frequency assignments and tells the FTZ what frequency pair is to be on the license. As you can see, the DARC is a very powerful or^nization. But their power is welf directed^ and repeater wars are almost nonexistent in Germany.

DARC officials indicated that the 2 meter band was extremely crowded and that they could only agree to a repeater in operation on the 70 centimeter band (430-440 MHz). The USWARC dis- cussed this proposal and agreed that a 70 cm repeater was acceptable.

The search for equipment then began in earnest. About the only rig available at first was the VHP Engineering 70 cm repeater The projected cost of the repeater, coax, antennai control logic, duplexer and miscelfaneous parts soon grew to over $1000, and the repeater committee started looking for fundraising projects.

Some of the USWARC members are associated with Motorola GmbH, and high level corporate management was informed of the club's repeater pfofect- Soon, a rebuilt 70 cm MOT RAG repeater, complete with con- trol logic, duplexer, and 350 feet of 7/8*' foam coaxj was donated to the club by the corporation!

By this time, ei^t months had passed since first dis- cussion of the project, and the committee was ready to install the repeater antenna. A CushCraft 4-poie phased array was purchased, and it was decided that the cardroid paUcrn should be directed toward Frankfurt (as that city was the farthest distance from the site in the area of desired coverage). Installation was planned for the first weekend in December. (Why do all complex antenna proj-

ects have lo be accomplished in the winter?) The weather cooperated, and the weekend turned out to be clear and cold. Normally, German winter weather would prevent anyone from seeing the lop of the tower from ground leveL The job was time- consumlna with the instal- lation of the heavy coax being the major back-breaker. The antenna was placed about 5 feet below the top of the tower, a definitely im- pressive location with a commanding view of the countryside-

The repeater was installed in a new upright cabinet^ and work began on the control logic to conform with DARC standards. At about the same lime, the repeater frequency pair was changed by the DARC due lo complaints to the DBP by a repealer group who had previously operated a machine on the frequency pair assigned to the USWARC in the same general location as the club's repeater site. A new pair on standard channel R87 was assigned to the club, with input on 431.475 MHz and output on 439.075 MHz. This provided 25 kHz sepa- ration from the next adjacent channel (R86} and is the first such channel assignment in

Germany. New frequency elements wer^ purchased for

the machine, and work con- tinued.

Finally^ all the modifi* cations were complete and the repeater was tuned and adjusted for proper oper- ation. The only remaining items were the repeater license and correct pro- gramming of the ID unit, which is a little tough with- out the correct callsign. The wail for the license seemed eternal, and was due to slight confusion over what the correct licensing office was, since the ctub^ trustee, and repeater were in different DBP administrative areas- This was cleared up, and in the third week of March, 1977, the license was issued with the callsign DA4FB. This is another **firsi,'* as al[ other repeater callsigns in Germany have DB0 prefixes. Thc DA prefix simpiy reflects the American club's oper- ation under the German- American reciprocal licensing

agreement.

The ID unit w^ pro- grammed, and the machine went into test operation for a week before being trans- ported to the site* On April 9, 1977» the repeater was in- stalled on-site» and DA4FB

became the first American- sponsored repeater to be licensed and in operation in the Federal Republic of Germany.

The repeater system was designed to give base station to base station coverage over most of the area depicted in Fig. 1, It was soon found that coverage was better than that planned for. Solid mobile operations are possible within about 30-40 miles of the repeater site, A five Watt base station with an eleven ele- ment beam is able to fully quiet the repeater receiver from Rhein-Main Air Base near Frankfurt, a distance of 72 miles from the site. A mobile station using a ten Watt transceiver and a 5 dB gain mobile antenna has copied the repeater signal with full quieting in the city of Heidelberg, a distance of 75 miles. Occasionally, a QSO will be conducted with a station outside of the de- picted area. One station, D C 5 N B , I oca ted in Aschaffenburg, is a regular on the repeater. He is 97 miles from the site, and uses two 91-clement yagis: one for transmit and one for receive. (The Europeans are big on VHF, UHF, and microwave wofk.

73

Marly American hams reside in the covera^ area, but not too many are active on the 70 cm band. Many US

Army installations and all major USAF installations in Germany are within range of the repeater. Kaiserslautern boasts the largest American community outside the US, with over 50^000 Americans, AH hams are invfted to use the open repeater and also join in the activities of the USWARC. If any further information is needed about

the club or the repeater^ con- tact the club vice president at the following address: Jean Binet DC0HO/F0OAB, In

den Hafcrwiesen #30, 6506 Nackenheim, West Germany, Many of the club members participated in this project and, without everyone working together, the job would have taken much longer and probably would not have enjoyed such success* The following is a list of the hams who devoted their time and energy to the

USWARC repeater project: Mike Baker W8CM/DA1BM, Carl Beckenbach WAILHW/ DAITT, Tex Bell WDSBGA/ DAI 80, jean Binet F0OAB/ DC<?HO, Herb Brasington WB4EWX/DA1KD, jerry Cole WA7YMR/DAIJC, Chuck Elquist W6JIF/ DAIBZ, Ed Goldsby W3JKL/DA1UC, Terry Huston WA8RYC/0A1TH, Gerhardt Pless DCSCX, joe Roman WB7CCK/DJ9NA,

Jerry Stewart K5CFQ/

DAI HZ, John Stohel

WOT FOR EVERYONE. . .

Model 703A -

$269*95

ONLY For The Purist

• RUGGED

• Seven Elements

• Three Bands (10 15-20)

• Single Feed Line

• Flexible Tuning

• Close To Mono-Bander Specs With Optimum Spacing Fon

High Forward Gain High F:B & F;S Ratios

For Specifications Wnte To:

BROOKFIELD MANUFACTURING CO.

50 Whippoorwill Road

Bethel. CT 06801

(203) 792 8944 B13

COMPLETE YOUR SHACK

THE PERFECT ACCESSORY

PROFESSIONALIZE YOUR STATION

Avoid interruptions tit home— your family and friends will know youVe •*ON THE AIR'%

Mounf on desk or above door at your station*' a djusf able mounting bracket included.

Plexiglass face plate enclosed in black satin-finbh steel case.

1 Vi-inch brilliantiy iltuminoted RED letters. Unit siier T0V4" x

AN OUTSTANDING GIFT ITiM.

aAKS] NOT iKm^

S^F AMATEUR RADIO SERVICES S33

P.O. BOX 10-20 GATEWAY STATION CULVER CITY, CA 90230

Please send ^sfgns Cu- $15.95 eoch.

Post Paid— checit or money order enclosed. Colif, residents odd 6%.

Pl£A5£ PRINT

Noni«

Address.

City

SNi!e_

?'P-

WB7CVU/DA1AY.

Special thanks are due to Mike Baker, who was the design engjneeri mastermind,

and driving force for the whole project Without the multi'linguistjc talents of Jean Binet and Carl Bee ken- bach, the liaison work with the DARC and the DBP would have been difficult indeed The USWARC wouid also like to express its un- failing gratitude to Motorola GmbH for its complete sup- port of the repeater proiect- ■

DISCOUNTS

MIDLAND • CUSHCRAFT NYE • STANDARD • TEMPO HUSTLER • TRhEX TOWER

CDE Rotors • Shure • Astatic Antenna Inc. ■ BW * Hy- Gain

Monthly Specials!

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7t1 DEEI PARK RD! DIX HILLS NY 11746

CSdc Silicon Rectifier Modules

« VoEtagt ratings up m 2O.€Q0 volis m Currant mingt up ta 6.0 amp

GENERAL ftiailC

• Wfdt wwty 9' skifviand s^sf^nn im^itJft kf ronfij^' i

• B-ziih slsntlwd power tme. Irmcncy ana t^&. sntEFi -g

• Cfipibi« ^ nptackft iTiany other minufaciuFefs' tytvl w?ifCli are rm \tmg» availaUt «ii^ n til^on retr^f'ti kf tube typfis B56, 87Z 8020. «te

9 CuStcrtn dc^i^fis Af\ti engineering ^rvtices

• Appkicablft la higher rEliabiliti' appUcjations ^wh as In- dustri.31 tC5ntrnt syst&ms, communication flquipmenl, ham radic5 gear, ;amokE stack ptKipitrilors, etc

FOft MORt FN FORM AT JON CONTACT^ CONDITION ING StMJCONOUtTOft DtVtCES CORP. P«f Offic* %an N«. ai6 Woyn*, N* J. 07470

T*laprton«: 30U227'aS39 q^ ^

80

TEMPO

MORE POWER

25 OR 5 WATTS OUTPUT SELECTABLE

REMOTE TUNING/

ON MICROPHONE

NEW LOWER PRICE/

NOW ONLY S399.00

SIDEBAND OPERATIOIV WITH SSB/ONE adapter / MARS OPERATIOIM CAPABILITY/ 5 KHz NUMERICAL LED

The Tempo VHF/One Plus is a VHF/FM transceiver for dependable communication on the 2 meter amateur band • Full 2 meter coverage, 144 to 148 MHz for both transmit and receive • Fuii phase lock synthesized (PLL)# Automatic repeater split — selectable up or down • Two built-in programmable channels • All sotid state • 800 selectable receive frequencies with simplex and +600 KHz transmit

frequencies for each receive channel.

^^^Br."

PO FMH-2, FMH-5 & FMH-42(UHF)

6 channel capabil- ity • selectable 1 or 2 - 1 or 5 Watts output* Solid-state

• Battery level met- er • Earphone jack

• Built-in charging terminals and sep- arate chargmg jack forNi-cad batteries

• Flex antenna • Carrying case stan- dard • Excelfent frequency stability allows use with booster amplifter for high power out- put over 100 Watts m 8 A A batteries or 10 AA Ni-cadsf

''Noi furrii$hiid.

I^CC Type accepted modeis aval labia.

TEMPO

VHF & UHF AMPLIFIERS

VHF t135 to 175 MHz)

Dnve Power

Output

Model No.

Price

2W

1 30W

1 30Aa2

$199

low

130W

130A10

SI 79

30W

130W

130 A 30

$189

2W

SOW

80A02

S169

low

8QW

80 A TO

S149

30W

SOW

80 A 30

SI 59

UHF (400 to

512 MH2

l\

Drive Power

Oulpiit Model f\

\o. Price

2W

70W

70D02

S270

low

70W

70D10

S250

30W

70W

70D30

S210

2W

40W

40D02

SV80

low

40W

40O10

ST45

2W

low

10002

£125

FCC Type accepted modeis a^ajJabie.

TEMPO

POCKET

RECEIVERS

MS"2, 4 channel scan- ning receiver for VHF high band, smallest unit on the market. MR-2 same size as MS-2 but has manual selection of 12 channels. VHF high band. MR-3, miniature 2-channeJ VHF high band monitor or paging receiver. MR-3U, single channel on the 400 to 51 2 UHF band. All are ow priced and dependable.

Sold at Tempo dealers throughout the U.S. and abroad. Please call or write

for further in format ron. prices subject to change without notice

11^40 W Olyitipic Blvd., I.09 Angeles,

Calit 90064 93 1 N, Euctfcf, Ansheim, CaJ^I. 92801 Busier. Missouri B4730

213/477-6701 714/772-92^ 016/679-^127

^ H3

B1

I

I

YD-B44 Dynamic Mike

ADVANCED COMMUNICATION

EQUIPMENT

QTR-24 World Clock

i

Left to right - FRG-7, SoMd State Synthesized Communications Receiver • FR-101 Digital, Solid State Receiver • SF-101B, Speaker • FR-101, Digital Solid State Receiver • FL-101p 100 W Transmittef * FL-2100B, 1200 W PEP Input Unear Amplifier

Left to right - FT-620B, 6 Meter Transceiver • YP-150, Dummy Load Wattmeter • YO-100, Monitor Scope • FTV'250, 2 Meter Transverter • FTV-^50, 6 Meter Transverter • FV-101B, External VFO • FT^IOIE 1 60-1 OM Transceiver

Left to right - YG-601, Digital Frequency Display • YC-3550, Frequency Counter • FP-301, AC Power Supply • FT-301S Digital, All Solid Stat© Transoerver • FV-301, External VFO • FT-221, 144-148 All Solid State All Mode Transceiver

USED GEAR • TRADE UP • FREE UPS SHIPPING ON PREPAID ORDERS

I

I

THE PACESETTER IN AMATEUR RADIO

TS^VeOA

5599.00

2M ALl MODE BASE/MOBILE TRANSCEIVER, SSB (upper and lower), FM, AM and CW, AC and DC. ^ MHz bind coversgs (144 to 148 MHz). Dial m receiver fr&quency and TS'700A automatitalfv switches xmiliir freq. SOO KHi fof repeater QperBtion. Xmit, Rev capabilitv an 44 Ch. wi^ It xtils.

TR'7400A

$399.00

ZM MOBILE TRANSCEIVER. Synthesized PLL. Selectable output, 25 watts or 10 watts. 6 Digit LED freq. display. 144'14fi WiHi. 800 CH, in 5 KHz nepL 600 KHz tepeatfir olfset. Continuoui toi>e-coded squelch (CISC). Tom Burst.

TS-B20

S869.00

SSfl TRANSCEIVER. PLL Rf Monitor Noise Blanker. Digital hofd tock$ taunter & disfilay at 4ny frequency, but allows VFD to tune normally. True RF compressor adjustable speech processor. IF shift control. RF attenuator. VOX, GAIN, ANTtVOX and VOX delay cuntrols. HF negative f^back. OptiunaP digital readout DRS Dial. High stability FET VFD.

TS520S

PM

S79J0

POWER SUPPLV FOR TRBIOO. Designed espe- cially for home QTH-

TR720OA

$&49.0Q

SSfl TRANSCEIVER, Proven in thi shacks of thousands ol discriminating hams, field day sites, DX and conttst ftationi and mobttt installations. Superb eogineering and styling

SP520 $28.00

optional external speaker far batter readability^

TV-5D2 $249.00

TRANSVERTER, Puts yoy on m the easy way. 144-145.7 MHz or [optional 145-146 MHi.

$249.00

m MOBILE/BASE FM TRANSCEIVER. Ignition interference control. 2 pole Xtal filter in IF rcvr. Protection tor final stage transistor & reverse polafiiy cnnnecOons. Priority Ch. switch. Quick release mnynf, LED CH, indtcatort, Switchable low or 1W output

MC50

$39.50

Dynamic micrnphnne designed expressly for ama- teur radio operation. Complete with PTT and LOCK swiidiei, and a microphone plug. {SQO or 5 Ok ofim)

VF042a

CQMMUNICATIOMS RECEIVER, 1.8 to 29.7 MHz. WWV and CB hand. 50 MHz, lUMHzcon- werref optional Stable VFO & osciilator for 5 fixed chaniels. 1 KHz dial riadoul. Xtal filters (SSB/3 pole, CW/B pole, AM/G pole}. Squelch. S meter. Noise b Ian! er.

S-raa $19.94 R 5990 $499.00 T 599 A $499.90

SSB TRANSMITTER. 3.5 to 29.7 MHz. Stable VFQ, 1 KHz dial readout, B pole Xtal filter. AM X miss ion available. Built in AC pwr supply. Split tfmiiency corvtrol availabli.

$145,00

Designed ex clu lively for use with T$'920. RIT circun and control switch. Fully compatible with optional digital display.

VFQ-S20 (NotStiown) $115,09

Solid State Remote VFO. RIT drcutl mth LED indicator.

TR-2Z00A

sa2d,oo

PORTABLE m FM TRANSCEIVER. 12 Ch. capacity. Removable telescoping antenna. External 12 VDC or internal NUCAD batteries. 145-1 4 B MHz. S CH, supplied. Switdiabfe 2W or 4a0mW output.

R^300

ALL BAND COMfiAUNICATIONS RECEIVER. AC, batterias or external DC. 170 KHz to 30 MHz in 6 bands. Foreip broadcasts or ftem radio in fm, SSB and CW. Dual gate MOS/FET transistors & double conversian. Band spread dial 500 KHz markef.

MASTERCHARGE & BANKAMERtCARD ACCEPTED

k^

DIVISION OF TREVOSE ELECTRONICS

4033 Brownsville Rd • Trevose. Pa. 19047

I

DRAKE

KNOWN FOR QUALITY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

RECEIVERS

SSR-I

General Coverage, .5 to 300 MHz

$350.00

SPR-4

Programmable, Solid State

$699,00

DSR-2

VtF-HF Digital Synthesized SSB,

AM, CW, ISB, RTTY

$3200.00

R-4C

C-Line, HF, 160-10M

$699.00

4NB

Noise Blanker for R-4C

$74.00

5NB

Noise Blanker for SPR-4

$80.00

TRANSMITTER

T-4XC

C-Line, HF, 160-1 OM

$699.00

TRANSCEIVERS

TR-4CW

80-10M. SSB, AM, CW

$799.00

TR-33C

2M, FM, 12 CH. Portable

S229.95

MMK-33

Mobile/Dash/ Desk Mount for TR-33C

$12.95

34PNB

Plug-In Noise Blanker for TR-4 Series

$100.00

MMK-3

Mobile Mount for TR-4

$7.00

RV-4C

Remote VFO for TR-4 CW

$170.00

FF-1

Crystal Control for TR-4

$46.95

SYNTHESIZER

FS-4

Gtneral Coverage for 4* Line and SPR-4

$300.00

LINEAR AMPLIFIER

L-4B

Linear and w/power supply 8e tubes $995.00

MATCHING NETWORKS

MN-4 MM 2000 RCS-4

W-4

WV4

7072

7075

1525EM

HS-1

AA-10

TV300-HP

TV-75-HP

TV-42'LP

TV-3300 LP

TV-5200LP

la Matching Network. 200W Si 20.00 Antenna Matching Network. 1000W S250.00 Remote Control Antenna Switch $120.00

R F Wattmeter, 1 .8 to 54 MHz RF Wattmeter, 20 to 200 MHz Hand Held Microphone Desk Top Microphone Push-button Encoding Microphone Head Phones low, 2M Amplifier 300 ohm High Pass TV Set Filter 75 ohm High Pass TV Set Filter Transmitter Low Pass Filter. lOOW Transmitter Low Pass Filter* 1000W Transmitter Low Pass Filter. tOOOW. 100W. 6M

$79.00 $89.00 $19.00 $39.00 $49.95 $1000 S49.95 $10.60 $13.25 $14.60 $26.60

$26-60

USED GEAR • TRADE UP • FREE UPS SHIPPING ON PREPAID ORDERS

COLLINS AMATEUR EQUIPMENT

KWM 2A TRANSCEIVER S3533,D0

UnmatchBd for mobile and fixed station appdcations, 17BW on SSB, 160W on CW. Switch select up to 14 optional XtaU. Can be u^ed for RTTY. Filter type SSB generation. Automatic load controip Inverse RF feedback. Beimeability -tuned variable oscillator.

75S-3C RECEIVER $2504.00

Sharp selectivity, SSB, CWand RTTY, Single control rejection tuning. Variable 6FO. Optional mechanical filters for CW, RTTY and AIV1. 2.1 KHz mechanical filter. Zener regulated oscillators. 3«po£ition AGC,

o

32S-3A TRANSMITTER $2957.00

Covers all ham bands between 3.4 MHz and 30 MHz. Nominal output of 100W. 175W, SSB and 160W CW, Dual conversion, Automatic load control. RF inverse feedback, CW spotting control. Collins mechanical filter.

31 SB-} SPEAKER $80.00

30L-1 LINEAR AMPLIFIER

$1536.00

1000 Watts PEP on SSB and 1000 Wet rs average on CW.SSB end CW^cov^s the 30, 40, 20, 15, and 10m bands - general coverage use, too. Autsmatic (ofld central provider nfiBKimum talking power withoyt over-drivinQ and distDrtion. Grounded grid Unaar amplifisr using four B11A triodes, instamly hiaied, no warm-up delay. Usei an exclusive comparator circuit opiated by adjusting tuning and Joading controls.

31SB-4 SPEAKER CONSOLE

$54^.00

312B-5 VFO CONSOLE $1213.00

Sf6F-9 AC POWER SUPPLY $440.00

30SC-3 DIRECTIONAL WATT METER

$360.00

DL-1 DUMMY LOAD $St70.00

MASTERCHARGE & BANKAMERICARD ACCEPTED

k

y

DIVISION OF TREVOSE ELECTRONICS

4033 Brownsville Rd • Trevose, Pa. 19047

A^£M^ ve inr Jft K riTiHMi irtWArwAAf II |]

I

I

BAWi THRULINE® WATTMETER

• BUY ONLY THE ELEMENTS YOU NEED AND ADD EXTRA RANGES AT ANY TIME

• READ RF WATTS DIRECTLY

Table 1

STANDARD ELEMENTS

Power

MODEL 43

5

10

2S

SO

100

2S0

5C»

lOtO

2^00

5000

watts

watts watti watts watts w^ns watts watts watt»

Fr^uency Bands iMHzj

JO

25- 60

so- las

100- 2S0

200- 500

400' 1000

50H

100H

250H

SOOH

lOOOH

250OH

5000H

5A IDA 2SA

50A

100 A

250A

500A

1000A

56

toe

258

100B

socm

1000B

5C

IOC 25 C

soc

100C 250C 500C

1000C

5D

100

25D

500

1D0D

250D

500O

ItXJOD

SE 10€ 25E SOC

TOOE

250E

500E

IDOOt

Table 2

LOW.

POWER

ELEMENTS

1 wall

Cat ISO,

2.S walti

Cal. No,

60-80 MHz

060-1

W-m MHi

obo-a

80-95 MHi

OBO-1

80^5 MHz

0»2

55-125 MHi

095-1

95-150 MHz

095-2

110-160 MHi

110-1

150-250 MH J

150^2

150-250 MHz

TSO-1

200^ K» MHz

2Qfh2

200-300 MH I

200-1

25(M50MHi

2S^2

275-450 MHi

275-1

40C^850 MHz

ma-2

425-850 MH2

425-1

800-950 MHz

800-2

000-950 MHz

800-1

WE HAVE A COMPLETE STOCK OF ALL BIRD WATTMETERS AND SLUGS

NATIONAL RADIO COMPANY, INC.

NRCI

NCX-1000

Tha only tODO wstt, "single packaye" transceiv&r. Heavy duty design . - . results of 50 years of design leadership in amateur equipment. State of the an speech pro- Ctssin§, linear amplifier, power aipply. sH in OTte package. Nothing eiccra to buy^ Covers all amatetjr bands in th« HF mettrum . . . AM, SS' CW' $1^600

NCL-2000

Linear Amplifier. A Full 10 dB gain. 20 watts in 200D watts out. Can be driven wrth one watt. Continuous duty design yiilizes two BI22 ceramic tetrode output tubes, designed for botti AM and SSB operation. Tlie indu^ry standard for 12 years. Thousands in use a II over the world.

$1 ,200

HRO^SOO

1 H i

The ultimate shor( wave receiver. This synthesized {phase lock loop) rgceJver mcorpo- rates all fadlitiei for AM, Single Side Band (SSB), and CW receipt ion in ail frequencies from the bottom of the very low ffequency band (VLF) to the lop of the high fre- quencY band (HF). Nationars "dead accurate" dial means no searching for tnns- minions. Dial up ttie frEquency ^rid it'$ there: aeronautical, marine, CB^ amatetif, military, etc* Continuous coverage. ^ ^ * ^ ^

$3,000

USED GEAR • TRADE UP • FREE UPS SHIPPING ON PREPAID ORDERS

I

I

Tl

•

I

ICOM

VHF/UHF AMATEUR & MARINE EQUIPMENT

VHF/UHF AMATEUR

&f\/EAHINE EQUIPMENT

lC-245. 146 MHz FM TOW XCVR, LSI synthesizer with 4 digit LED readout. Xmit & Rev frequencies independently programmable, 60 dB spurious mtenua-

^'^" $499.00

IC21S. 2 METER FW PORTABLE.

Three narrow filters for superb perform- ance, 3W or 400 mW. 15 CH. capacity. MOS FET RF Amp & 5 tuned ckts, S-meter front paneL $729 OR

IC'2t1

tC-2Tl. 4 MEG, IVfULTlMOOE 2M XCVR. 144 145 MHz on SSB & CW, plus 146^147 MHz on FM. Work AMAT OSCAR six or seven. LSI synthesizer with 7 digit LED. ^/lOS FET RF Amp, 5 helical cavities, FET mixer & 3 I.F. filters $749.00

$249.00

iC-502. 6 METER SSB & CW PORTA* BLE XCVR. Includes antenna Si battery pack, 3W PEP & stable VFO for fun & FB QSOV Covers first 8Q0 KHz of 6M band, where most activity is.

$299.00

IC'2ZS. 14E MHz FM lOW XCVR, CMOS synthesizer can be ml to any 15 KHz ch. between 14G 8i 148 MHz by diode matrix board. Spurious attenuation far better than FCC spec. 10W or 1W. IDC modulation controL

IC'21 A. 146 MHz FM lOW XCVR, MOS FET RF Amp 8i 5 helical resonator filter, plus 3 I.F, fillers, IDC modulation control Variable output pwr: 600 MW to lOW Front panel rfiscrimmaiDr meter, SWR bridge. 117 VAC and 13.6 VOC

pmsuppl.es. $399.00

DV-21. DIGITAL VFO. Use with IC- 2VA to complete 2M band.

$299.00

IC'20Z. 2 METER SSB PORTABLE XCVR. Pyts sideband in your hand! Internal C batteries or ex- ternal 12 VDC. 3W PEP. True I.F. noise blanker. 144.0. 144.2 on two other ZOOKH^bands.selectable, Hamtfonia stocks 145*2 arjd 145.8 146,0 MH2 for cdlJing frequency & sste^

^^'^'''^ $259.00

r

IC~30A. 450 NiHi FM LOW XCVR. 1W or 10W. Low noise MOS-FET RF Amp & 5 section helical filter, 22 CH, capacity. S-meter fi relative power out- put meter. IDC modulation control.

z

$399.00

MASTERCHARGE & BANKAMERICARD ACCEPTED

u

DIVISION OF TREVOSE ELECTRONICS

4033 Brownsville Rd • Trevose, Pa. 19047

Wmfm\

I

I

TEMPO

id

M

t

TEMPO ONE

HF Transceiver. 80 10M. USB,

CW Si am

399.00

AC/ONE

Power Supply for TEMPO

OME

99.00

VF70NE

EKternat VFO for TEMPO

ONE

109.00

TEMPO VHF/ONE

Transceswer* 2M. 144 yo 148

MHi.PLL

399.00

TEMPO SSB/ONE

SSB Adapter for TEMPO

VHF/ONE

199.00

TEMPO 2020

Transceiver. 80 TOM. USB, LSB, CW and AM. PLL,

DigftsI

759.00

FMH

2W. VHF/FM, 6 Ch. Hand

Held, 144-148 MHz

199.00

RBF 1

Wattmeter & SWR Bridge

42.95

DM20

Desk Mike. 600 or 50K olim.

PTT & Lock Switches

39.00

IVSS2

4 Ch. Pocket Scannmg Rcvr.

99.00

ATLAS

21 OX

215X OMK

220CS 350-XL

DD6XL

305

3t1

350-PS DMK-XL

Transceiver. lO-SOM. 200W 67900 Transceiver, 15-160M. 200W 679.00 Deluxe Mtg. Kll for 21 OX St 215X 48-00

AC Console for 210X & 21 5X 149.00 Tranvceiver. SSB, Sotld State. 10-160M, 350W. 995,00

Digital Dial Readout for 350- XL 195.00

Plyg-ln Auxiliary VFO* For 3S0-XL 155.00

Plug-In Auxitiary Crystal Os- cillator for 350 XL 135.00 AC Pwr Supply w/Spkr St Phone Jack for 350^ XL 195.00 Mobile Mounting Bracket for 350'XL. Easy Plug In 65.00

SWAN

700 CX

VX-2 SS16B

MARK II

1 200 X

FP^l

FC76 WM6200

FS2

SWR*3

SWR-1A

W2000

WM-3000

FS-1 WM1500

MARK II

1200 X

Transceiver, 700W PEP. SSB. 80-1 OM. USB, LSB or CW Plug-In VOX for 700 CX Suptr SeEecttve IF Ftfter for 700 CX

Linear Amplifjere Full Legal Power. W/100W input. 80-10 M.

Portable Linear Amplifier, 1200W PEP. SSB, 700W, Ch. 300W, AM. 80-1 OM. Hybrid Telephone Patch. Con- nect Rcvr/Xmjtter to Phone lines

649.95

44.95

99.95

849.95

349.95

64.95

Frequency Counter. 5 Digit

LED 169.95

In- Line PresicJon Wan mater

for 2M, 2 Scales lo 200W.

Reads SWR, 5995

SWR & Field Strength Meter 16.95

Pocket SWR Meter 12.95

Relative Power Meter & SWR

Bridge 25.95

In-Line Wattmeter. 3 Scales

to 2000W. 3.5 to 30 MHz 59.95

Peak/RMS Wattmeter. Tells

The Truth About SSB 79.95

Pocket Field Strength Meter 10.95

In^Line Wattmeter. 4 Scales

to 1500W. 2 to 50 MH? 74.95

Linear Amptifier, Full Legal Power. W/100W input. 80*10

M, 849.95

Portable Linear Amplifier. 1200W PEP. SSB. 700W, CW. 300W, AM. 80 TOM. 349.95

USED GEAR • TRADE UP • FREE UPS SHIPPING ON PREPAID ORDERS

I

I

NYE VIKING

No. 114-310-003 $8.25 No. 114-310-004GP $50.00 No. 114-404W2 $1850

No. SSK-1 $23.95

No, 250-46-1 $36.50

No. 250-46-3 $44,50

No, 250-20-1 $19.95 No. 250-0025-003 $212

NPC

2.5 AMP

4 AMP

6 AMP

12CB4 29.95

1Q3R 39.95

104R 49.95

!2AMP

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Decode Morse

- - with an SOSO

Why should you want to read another article on Morse decoding? 1 could leli you thai this was the ultimate program (which it isn't), or that I have in- vented a new technique (I haven't)* In fact, there is nothing tremendously novel about the material presented in this article. However, you will read about a completely general decoder algorithm which can be implemented on any microcomputer system. For those of you with an SOSObased system, a full program listing of the al- gorithm Ts included as an ex-

variable

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ample.

My fascination with auto- matic decoding was fostered

by the introduction of the first microprocessors. Up un- til then, I had considered the project too inflexible, from a hardware point of view. The microcomputer concept was appealing because of the easy way in which changes in the system could be imple- mented. 1 must admit that» from the very beginning, the problem of computer- generated Morse code was not as interesting a project, since it is relatively straightfor- w^d. Hence^ this article will

Rescript, ion

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Table /. Descnptton of variable storage requirements^

not be concerned with that aspect of a system.

The concepts used in this decoder are from many sources, including my own work. The magazine articles which I have studied are listed at the end of this article. Most authors start their presentation with a list of features and a description of the method for dis- tinguishing dots from dashes. This is a good approach, so I will do likewise.

Decoder Features

My idea of desirable fea- tures are those that minimize the external hardware re- quirements for normal opera- tion. There will always be special cases, which need ad- vanced hardware for error- free operation.

Here is the list of features incorporated in my al- gorithm:

1. All program timing is done with software delays,

2. A sidetone is generated for monitoring the operation of the decoder,

3. An automatic carriage re- turn/line feed (CRLF) se- quence is generated.

4. The code input is de* bounced for reliable perfor- mance from a variety of sources,

5* The speed range is from at least 5 wpm to about 50 wpm.

6. The )/0 routines that must be supplied by the user easily patch into the program. The method used for inter- preting dots, dashes J letters, and spaces is adapted from Petit's original article. Briefly, the rules are as follows:

1 . If the key-down interval is > DD (the last dot^iash time, explained later}, then the present element is a dash; otherwise, it is a dot.

2. If the key-up interval is > LS (the last letter-space time), then a character has been completely received and should be processed.

3. !f the key-yp interval is > 2LS, then a word has been compfeted.

Assuming a dot has been received, by rule I, then DD is set to twice the duration of this dot For dashes, a more complicated set of calculi tions is performed. In hand- sent code, which Is most diffi- cult for the computer, a ten- dency for variations in dash duration is common. This usually occurs at the end of words and often precedes a long pause during which the operator collects his thoughts. Therefore, I de- cided to average the received dash interval with the last received element The aver- aging is accomplished by dividing the duration of the present dash by two and, then, adding the last value of DD- This is the LS value referred to in the above rules. By dividing by two once more, the new DD value is calculated. Two features re- sult from this set of manipu- lations: (1) The letter-space decisions are heavily weighted by the duration of dashes, and (2) the effect of excesr sively long dash intervals is reduced. These seem like desirable traits, and yet do not add much complexity to the algorithm.

Software

The algorithm which has been partially discussed is presented in flowchart form in Figs. 1 and 2. A gen- eralized symbolic approach, similar to BASIC state nient

a 92

structuref is used, except for the status subroutine. This routine will be discussed in detail, since it is the corner- stone of the decoder.

The main routine is pre- sented in Fig. 1. All the op- erations necessary for trans- lating the received code into text form can be easily iden- tified. Starting from ihe top and working down, the first step is program initialization, followed by a routine for printing a space.

After the space is printed, a key-down input causes the program to go to the Down routine. When the key returns to the up state, a branch to the Dot or Dash routine occurs. Within each routine, calculations for updating DO and LS, along with storage of the received elements, are made.

While the input continues in the key-up condition, the elapsed time is measured in the Wait routine. If an end of character is detected before the next down state, a transi- tion to the Decode and Print routine is made. After printing the character^ an- other wait loop is entered. If it times out, then a word has been received. Before printing a space, a check as to whether or not the algorithm should stop is performed. Usually the program will continue by printing a space.

Looking at the program subroutines presented in Fig, 2 will illustrate further details of the software. Four internal subroutines are called by the main program routines. These are (1) Status, (2) Print, (3) Decode, and (4) Delay. The Delay subroutine times out after 1 ms has elaps^. Ob- viously, this function will re- quire different initialization^ depending on the microcom* puter used. The Decode sub- routine performs the actual conversion from the dots and dashes, stored as a unique digital pattern, to the ASCII character representation.

In this algorithm, an auto- matic carriage return and line feed sequence is initiated by the first space character oc-

curring after the 55th column. This is handled in

the first section of the Print subroutine. Normally, the character is printed by calling a user-defined subroutine. However, if the CRLF se- quence must be printed, the CR is immediately output, and a counter is set up for delaying the printout of a line feed.

The Status subroutine is the most complicated portion of software in the decoder. Note that all the timing in the main routine is determined by this subroutine. A cat! to the Delay routine, which re^ turns after I ms, is the first action taken. Then the pos- sibility that a line feed must be printed is tested and appropriate actions taken. Next, the key input (or re- ceiver) is sampled for an up or down state. If a new state is detected, the debounce counter is decremented. A zero debounce count signifies that, in fact, the key has changed state and causes the key status to be updated. Otherwise, the debounce count is stored and the rou- tine continues. Now the user- written routine for out- putting the sidetone value is called, and, then, the elapsed time counter is incremented (checking for overflow).

Lastly, the LS and DD fla^, which indicate whether the time is > LS or DD, are

stored. These flags are easily checked in the main routine's decision-making process.

Details, Details , . .

Many flags, counters, pointers, and registers have been mentioned in the al- gorithm description. These are summarised in Table 1. In the S080 listing presented, they occupy ten bytes of memory. Further explanation of the characier^tics of these variables will complete the description of the algorithm.

The TIME counter is incre- mented as each pass through the Status subroutine is com- pleted. An overflow condi- tion is checked, and the vari- able is set to a large value, if

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necessary. Both ihe DD and LS counters have been pre- viously described, and they should be about one bit larger than the TIME counter. The main status register, STAT, holds the flag^ and single bit variables. There is nothing unique about its organization, except where it might sim- plify programming. A secondary status register, STAT2, is used for counting the delay necessary after a carriage return and before the line feed is issued. This fea- ture may only be necessary for mechanical printers.

The CODE register is used for storage of the incoming dots and dashes. It is initial- ized to a value of 1 before each character is received. For a dot, the value is doubled; for a dash, it is doubled and then incre* mented by one. This is the simplest technique for storage of the elements, which results in a 64-1 oca tion ASCII look- up table. To make sure that

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the contents of the counter are less than 64, an overflow condition must be checked after each entry. If an over- flow occurs, the value is divided by two, and the algo- rithm continues. In using such a simple method^ a sacri- fice is made in not uniquely decoding a few special char- acters- For example, an error is decoded as the number five. The corresponding ASCII look-up table is pre- sented in Table 2.

For the automatic CRLF feature, a pointer for the column position must be kept. This is the function of CPTR, In my version of the algorithm^ 1 check for a value greater than 55, at which time the CRLF sequence is initiated.

Subroutines

There are two kinds of subroutines necessary for proper operation of the algo- rithm. The first kind, the main program subroutines.

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are well-defined for any microprocessor chosen for implementation of the de- coder. The second type, user- sup plied subroutines! will vary from one particular equipment setup to another A few more comments con- cerning the first type will be made before attention is focused on the user-supplied subroutines.

There are several subtle aspects concerning the Status subroutine- In Fig. 1, the subroutine is called re- peatedly while in the down state. The rate at which this loop is executed defines the frequency of the sidetone output. If all the possible paths through the Status sub- routine are not matched for execution time, an instability in the sidetone output will result. A difference of only a few machine instructions can be detected by the ear- This problem can be handled by whatever method is easiest for ttie microcomputer used, In the 8080 example pro- gram, 13 bytes of extra jump instructions are used for the timing equalization.

The second point worth mentioning is the comparison of the TIME counter with LS

and DD. Since these are

16-bit unsigned values^ you will have to be careful if it is necessary to break it up into 8-bit comparisons. Beware of your microcomputer's 2*s complement arithmetic!

The user-supplied I/O sub- routine requirements are sum- marized in Table 3. There are four routines, which are con- cerned with printing a char- acter, sampling the key input, generating the sidetone, and stopping execution of the program. All these functions require interfacing with your particular computer configur- ation.

As examples, the sub- routines that I used in my 8080 program will be de- scribed. First, notice that they are linked to the main routines through an t/0 patch table, which follows the De- lay subroutine- This makes it possible to call the user sub- routines from one section of code. There is no need to hunt through the listing for the subroutine calls when supplying your customized I/O. The Cout subroutine sends the ASCII character to the UART or display device, after checking if the device is ready. For sampling the key

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The Biain progr^B can lEw stcrpped by an appropriate hardware input v^hich is checl^ed toy this routina.

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Table 3, User ffO subroutine specifications.

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input, the Skey subroutine reads an input line and then returns with an appropriate flag. The Cont subroutine reads a status line and then either returns to the main program or stops execution, (Instead of stopping execu* tion, a branch to another program would be possible,) A sidetone is generated by the Tone subroutine. The key state is checked, and, if the key is up, a return to Status occurs. Otherwise, the last sidetone value is toggled, out- put, and saved for the next iteration. This generates a square wave with a period equal to two passes through the Status subroutine.

User Modifications

Perhaps one of the most interesting aspects of playing with computer programs Is making changes which reflect how you feel the program should have been written- Since 1 suspect many of you are already considering changes to this program, let me suggest a few first.

One possible modification would be to calculate a smaller value for LS (but not for DD}. When copying the 18 wpm code bulletins from WlAW, I set LS = DD = irnME/2) + DD ] /2, which is a simple change. Since the original LS value calculated in the algorithm is approxi- mately equal to the average dash, this would suggest that Pe tit's rule, of using 3/4 of the dash, might be a good

compromise- Other possible changes in- clude timing modifications

and altering the line length for your particular terminaL Timing changes would be pos^ sible in the CRLF sequence (i,e,, change CRDLY) or in the 1 ms Delay subroutine. By changing the duration of the delay, the sampling rate and sidetone frequency would be affected. If your display device doesn't accom- modate at least 55 characters per line, this value could be changed (in the Print sub- routine).

The four user-supplied subroutines are obvious places where you may require different code than in my examples. This could be as simple as changing port assignments.

Hardware

Simple hardware interlaces were built for the initial testing of the decoder. These are illustrated in Fig, 3 and consist of output and input circuitry*

The sidetone output is a square wave, which can easily drive a speaker using an emit- ter follower. The NPN tran- sistor can be any power tran- sistor out of your junk box. The interface for driving your display device is probably available from other projects, so I won't make any com- ments concerning this sub- ject.

For receiving code, two simple circuits will get you going. Initially, I would sug- gest hooking up your favorite key or keyer to the code input line; a Ik pull up re- sistor may be necessary. After the operation of the algo-

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rithm has been checked, it is time to connect a receiver to the computer,

I know of no easily con- structed optimum interface between a receiver and a com- puter. Many ideas have been proposed, including narrow pass band filters and phase locked loops* These ap* p roaches are not appropriate for the goal of minimizing external hardware under nor- mal conditions. Instead, I will assume you have a good re- ceiver with an adequate ON filter. Connecting the circuit of Fig. 3(c) will provide satis- factory operation in most cases. TTie audio input is am- plified {only about 2 V p-p input is required) and then applied to a peak detector, which follows the envelope of the received signal. The vari- able resistor can be used for adjusting the decay time con* slant, or a fixed value can be substituted. The output stage operates as a switch for driving the computer. By monitoring the sidetone out- put, the input level can be easily adjusted for any signal.

The Next Step Is Yours

With the information pre- sented in this article, you should be able to program a computer for Morse code re- ception. If nothing else, this is an impressive demonstra- tion for your friends. I hope you will not restrict your efforts solely to the ideas

presented here, but will con- tinue with further experimen- tation on your own.

Possible areas of experi- mentation include a different LS calculation^ a BASIC pro- gram implementation, or matched filtering for the re- ceiver interface. With a fast BASIC interpreter, most of the algorithm could be writ- ten directly from the flow- charts. However, the Status subroutine would be best left as a machine langua^ pro- gram. Using some of the newly-available tapped analog delay lines (such as the Reti- con TAD-32}, an adaptive matched filter for optimum detection may be possible.

As a final challenge, con- sider how It might be possible to implement the decoder using one of the new single- chip microprocessors* The 8080 listing which follows is less ihan 512 bytes!

Thanks

I would like to thank the authors for writing the articles which are listed under references- A special thanks goes to Steve Belter WB9SGP, for his suggestions and sup- port.

I will be happy to cor- respond directly with anyone on this subject; please include an SASE, ■

Reference

1. Petit, "The Mor^e-A-Verter,"

QSr, JanuafV, 1971.

95

M

2. Riley, **A Morse Code to AlphanumerN; Canverter and Dis- play." QST, October, 1975.

3. Levy, "A Morse to RTTY Con- Vtrter," 73, June, 1976,

4. Thomas and BeJtef, "Meet the Microprocessor/' QST, August, 1 976.

5. Hickey, 'TTie Computer . . . Versus ,,. Hand-Sent Morse

Code," Byte, October, 1976. 6. Grappel and Hefnenway, **Add This 6800 Mor^r to Your Amar teur Radio Station." Byte, October, 1976.

7. Filgate. "A Morse Code Sta- tion Data Handler/' Byte,

October, 1976.

8. Wells, "CW for the 6800/' 73, April, 1977,

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IDS

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Frank J. Oerfler K9KIC 99-1440 Aim Hts, Dr. #5 J Aiea HI 96701

Futureshot

-- just around the corner

Fred Thompson hurried through the shopping malL His watch showed him that it was 8:57^ and he knew that Harry closed the doors promptly at 9 pm. Harry's Computer Store was the largest in the city, and Fred was sure Harry would have the iritcgrated circuit he needed .

"Whoa," Fred said, "got time for a paying customer > don *t you?"

*'Sure," Harry backed away from the door he was about to close and chuckled, "glad to take your money. What do you need?"

"Program chip." Fred answered, "Got a French language course?"

"Check the wall unit over tfiere. We don't get too much call for those, so it's probably down in the bottom cabinets someplace;**

Fred keyed "French language" into the wall mint* terminal- The liquid crystal disptay listed two brand names.

"Hey, youVe got two kinds in stock,"

**Better check/* Harry ad- vised, **one might use two chips,"

Fred asked the computer for a compare and contrast Sure enough, one program, which gave complete

branch irtg and learning rein- forcement, used two chips. One chip was the program and a file* The other was just a vocabulary file of four megabits. The price differ- ential was only about 30%. Fred touched the lisung for the two-chip version to indi- cate his choice. A green LED came on over the handle of the bottom drawer. He opened the drawer and took out one of the bags from the cubbyhole indicated by a photoluminescent paneL

"What, no servo- mechanism to drop it in front of the point of sale ter- minal?" Fred chided.

**1 told you we don't get much call for that program/* Harry responded. "Gotta save the ^dgets for the big sellers — private secretary and the like,"

"Been selling a lot of the private secretary?"

"Oh yeah, been selling a lot of the vocal interfaces, loo, both male and female voices/*

**l didn't buy the talk fea- ture. I think it's great telling the machine what to do with- out any backtalk,"

**Yeah, they say the darned^i things. Don't know what some of those pro- grammers are thinking of sometimes. Well, anything else? We called up a back file

of *Sur Trek' on the TV

tonight, and 1 want to get home to make sure it gets recorded okay."

"Captain Kirk still chasing Klingpns, eh? How much do I owe you?"

"With state and federal sales tax, twenty dollars and forty cents. Want to use my terminal or have you got your remote toy with you? l^st ham radio operator I had in here insisted on using hfs homemade handi-term* Took him three tries^ and he wound up crediting me with a hundred dollars too much."

"Never fear, mine works!" Fred said. He pulled back his shirt sleeve to reveal what appeared to be an odd-shaped calculator, with a rubber stick attiiched, 'M don't mind an exterior antenna. Gives me great coverage through the local repeater," he said. As he talked, he composed a digital message that consisted of his amateur radio callsign, Harry's account number, his account number, the date (November 2, 1985), and the amount. He pressed the irans- mit button, and Harry's counter terminal registered the correct transfer on its readout. '*Hah, see!" he said proudly,

*'How long do yoy figure till everybody has one of

those?" Harry asked.

'Trobably never, except for a few kinds of salesmen. It's just a toy, like you said. Well, thanks a lot."

'Thank you. We've got Spanish, Russian, any kind of language course you want,"

"This is for my daughter's French class. A few of the kids don't have access to a microcomputer at home yet, so I thought rd let her take a CPU to school in her book bag and use the school's peripherals."

"If I can help, let me know. Night, Fred.*'

"End," Fred responded in BASIC.

Fred got back to his car and saw that the parking meter had almost run out. '*Boy, a dollar sure doesn't buy much time anymore/' he thought.

On the way home, the message indicator on his ama- teur radio rig was blanks so he put out an "available" or CQ message. Almost immediately the display showed a response and the callsign K9KIC. Fred knew that this was the call of a young man named John, who lived nearby. They had never met, but they had shared many interesting con- versations over the radio. At the next stop sign, Fred saw that John wanted to switch over to voice transmission. He picked up a pencil-thin micro* phone which was connected to the radio by a piece of slender plastic line, "Hey, John, what brings you on this band now? Did the amateur radio satellite fafi out of synchronous orbit?"

**No/* came the voice through the solid state speaker, "Murphy has struck, and I need some technical help."

"Well, tell mewhatyou*ve got, and I'll make one of my educated guesses," Fred re- sponded.

"You were with me when I bought that old Z 80 CPU at the swap meet. I've got it up and running on an anten- na-aiming program for the Russian amateur radio satel- lites. Everything goes fine

M

98

uniif I actually hook up the azimuth and elevation rota- tors. The first time it changes the azimuth, everything stops. Whaddya think?"

"Well, my young lad, my educated guess is spik^/*

**Spikes! But there are lots of capacitors everywhere, and the power supply just has tons of farads hanging on it."

*The power supply, yes, but you are about to learn one of the main reasons why computer designers^ radio de- signers, and almost everyone who pushes an electron has gone to fiber optics for signal 'Circuits. These program chips that I just bought are a good example — two power con- n^tors and ten optical signal ports each. Sure makes it nice.

"Okay, Fred, I can see t'm going to have to listen to one of your lectures, if I want to get my antenna pointed. Go ahead."

''You are aware that wires used to be used for carrying things other than power?**

'They still carry rf> Fred/'

'*Hrumph. That*s power^ 100. Anyway, all the signal leads in computers, radios, phonographs, and everything else once were metallic. The time and money we used to spend eliminating hum, rf interference, and all the other kinds of unwanted signals were amazing. Bypass capac- itors by the bushel, special circuit board and cabinet de- signs, tons of sheet metal. Then, about '79, the use of fiber optics for carrying signals really came of age- Practical microcomputers were only a few years older, so the marriage was a natural. Their use in radios and TVs was spurred along by federal legislation aimed at reducing TV interference, so you just don't find many of the metallic signal bus syslems anymore/*

'*Wett, tdid"

** Right, and now we have to reinvent a few old tricks, I think that every time the relay in that old antenna rota- tor control unit of yours clicks, a big spike is sent back

to the computer over the control wires. That spike drives the microprocessor crazy. Do you have any old discrete optoisolators in your ]unk box?"

**rm not really sure what they are/*

"Nowadays they are just a part of many chips, but basi- cally, they relay a control signal, via light, to get rid of any spikes thai might be in- troduced. You come on over tomorrow, and TU see if I can find a reference that tells us how to use them. Here, I've keyed op my address. Come over about 10 am."

'*Okayl Thanks a bunch, Fred. See you then/'

As he signed off from his contact, Fred pulled into his carport. He put the tires of his car into the wide grooves in the composite floor and Stopped when a light glowed on the dashboard. Beneath the car, twin spring contacts were already recharging the car's battery. He opened the front door of the house by punching a four digit se- quence on the lock.

"Hi, anybody home?" he asked.

**WeVe downstairSp'* a female voice answered.

He went down into the main portion of the house, which was below the level of the surrounding ground. This arrangement gave both superb insulation and a nice land- scape. The family room was dark, with the skylight in the clear mode to give an un- distorted view of the night sky.

"Did you just get off work, dear?** he asked* His eyes were still adjusting to the darkened room*

"Yes, we had another one of those late conferences — more decisions and options/' his wife replied.

"Tm glad youVe home, Daddy,'* his daughter Jeanne interjected. 'This is one of the first tries for our class project* Mother may under- stand stocks and bonds, but laser communications are too much for her/'

"Oh great/' Fred said, "I

had forgotten it was tonight We must not have entered it into the secretary. Where is the Urget?"

"The computer says that Orbiting Base I is due to pass over in about 1 5 minutes. We are going to try hitting it with a laser from the roof of the school- We want to use the communications mirror on the Orbiting Base to bounce a signal. I've got this laser detector set up here, and Sue and Billy each have onC| too. It's not very precise, but we can show the principles in- volved/*

"That would be a pretty fair accompitshment," Fred replied* 'The military and some hams have been using the satellite mirror incre- mented light element system for some time, but if you kids can bounce off the Orbiting Base^ you can get some good communications ind good tracking data at the same time." Fred walked over to the small computer terminal hanging on the wall of the family room. He touched a sensitive square on the top of the visual display and said, "Print time; Print Orbiting Base time; Print difference; Run/'

Immediately the solid state display showed: 2137:20 2143:33 6:13

*'You going to work through the skylight?" he asked his daughter.

*'Yes, I don't think we'll lose very much, since it's in the clear mode/*

"If you two will excuse me," his wife said, "I'm going to take a bath. Secretary/' she said, touching the computer terminal. The screen printed "READY'* above the time numerals still on its face. This indicated that the secretary program was ready for use. "Bath; Hot; Full; Run/' she said. *'tsn*t science wonderful!?" she chidedj after taking her hand off the computer's touch spot. '*Let me know when you talk to the woman in the moon/*

"Ouch/' Fred said, ''give *em females on the Orbiting Base^^ and they want the whole moon/*

**Just our fair share, Daddy/* Jeanne laughed*

The minutes and seconds displayed on the computer terminal went by swiftly. The Orbiting Base passed over- head. The laser detector was operating at its highest gain, but nothing was heard. Ten minutes after the direct over- head pass, the phone buzzed and leanne hurried to answer it.

*'No, Billy, we didn't hear anything. What? You did. I know I had everything set up right. OK, well have to check it out tomorrow/'

'They heard the bounced signal?"

'*Yes, but without all three results, we can't get any accu- rate position data to write up. !t isn't just enough to receive a signal; we have to be able to show good tracking data, too^ if we are going to get a good grade on the pro- iect/^

"Boy, high school science projects sure have changed," Fred mused. "Let's see if there is anything wrong with your receiver that an old technician can recognize/'

Fred placed the equipment in self*test and made all of the checks with no dis- crepancies apparent. Opening the small cabinet revealed only two lumps coated with protective mater raf One was the entire detector and amplifier, and the other was the power supply. **Not an adjustment anyplace; besides, everything checks out okay/'

'Thanks anyway, Daddy* At least I know I had it turned on and pointed the right way. The Orbiting Base will be over again tomorrow night. Maybe we can get a new receiver by then/'

Later, as the house quieted down for the night, Fred addressed the computer again. "House; Status; Run/' A floor plan of the house appeared. All doors and windov*^ were shown in green, indicating they were

99

a

locked. Below the diagram, a row of numbers beg^n to appear on ihe screen. They showed the temperature of the water in the solar heaters, the output of the wind geth era tor, and the amount of power that had been drawn from ihe commercial mains to supplement the wind gen- erator over the past 24 hours. The temperature in the various rooms and other factors, such as circulating air flow, were also shown. Security systems, fire detec- tion, and environmental con- trol were all under the con- trol of the home computer system while the family siepL The next morning found Fred hard at "work." Actually, he went into the office less and less each year. The marriage of cheap data processing with high quality communications interconnec- tions allowed many people to do a great deal of their work at home. As a lead design engineer, Fred had lies, via telephone lines, to the five

design engineers in his group. They were able to exchange ideas, diagrams, and com- ments through their com- puter terminals at home. They could confer individ* ually^ or as a group.

The *'smart" terminals they were using contained powerful microprocessors and were actually stand-alone computers. They could work individually, in concert with other smart terminals, or as an extension of the central "big memory'* operated by Fred's company. The savings in real estate and overhead more than paid for the cost of the additional communica- tions circuits. Many busi- nesses still required the personal touch. But those that could were encouraging their people to work at home, Fred's wife was at "work*' in another part of the house. Their breaks were frequent, and their family life was quite strong.

At a little before 10 am, the secretarial program in

Fred's computer printed out "K9KtC COMING TO VISIT

AT 10 am;'

A few minutes later, the doorbell rang* The young man he admitted was quite different from the bookish boy Fred had expected to see. John was tall and athteiic. He held out his hand and said, "Hi, Fm K9KIC/*

*'Come in," Fred said. **rve got an optoisolator on my desk-"

They discussed optoelec- tronics, the good old days of ham radio, and several other topics. Fred was just about to relate how he had changed over his old receiver to fiber optic elements, when his daughter walked in,

*'Hi, Dad, can you help me for a minute?" She was weighted down with various pieces of her laser project. "Oh, Km sorry, t didn't know you had company."

** Jeanne, this is John, one of my ham radio buddies, John, my daughter Jeanne."

'^Say, isn't that a laser

detector?" John asked.

"Yes, I just brought it back from a complete check- out. Everything seems to be fine, but it wouldn't work on a beam we bounced off the Orbiting Base last night."

**Maybe your bandpass was too narrow/* John said, helping her with her load,

'1 checked ..." Fred tried to say.

"Or maybe you were gel- ling a frequency shift,"

"That could • . /* Fred tried again,

"Oh, do you think so?" Jeanne asked wide-eyed* "I just don't know much about these things," the winner of the local science fair for the last three years said in- nocently,

"Maybe we can try it on the ridge outside of town tonight , , ," were the last words Fred heard as they disappeared out the door

He chuckled. "Bubble memories, laser mirrors, and electric cars, but some things never change!" «

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Micro

Contest Logger

-- the 6800 does it all

Gary E, Belcher KH6GMP 91-962 Akahoio St. Ewa Bead! HI 96706

Any con tester will tell you that the removai of duplicate contacts from a contest log is absolutely necessary but can be an arduous and time-consuming chore, particularly when a large number of contacts are involved. For example^ say 2000 OSOs are made on one band. Each call sign must be compared agiinst all other callsigns on that log, in order to determine if a duplicate exists. When done manually, with pencil and paper, this operation can take nearly as

long as the actual on-the-air operation, and, needless to say, it's nowhere near the fun.

Naturally, since I do operate in all the major con- t^ts, the first function I wanted to perform with my new micro, once it was up and running, was the removal of duplicate contacts from a contest log. The program presented here does iust that. It reduces the operation to merely entering each callsign from the log into the pro- cessor via the control key- board. Duplicate contacts are identified with both an audible and a visual indi- cation.

The ultimate contest pro- gram, of course, would be

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used during the actual oper- ation of the contest and would identify duplicates before they were logged. It would maintain the log for you, priming it out on hard copy for submission to the sponsor. Such a program would be beyond the memory capacity of my system, and I have no hard copy device. I, therefore, designed this program to be used after the contest* Call- signs are taken from the completed logsheets, and the duplicate contacts identified must be marked on the log- sheets as such^

This program is written for the SWTPC 6800, with the CT-1 024 control terminal and AC-3G cassette interface. The AC30 is necessary only in the generation of the audible alarm described below. As suggested by SWTPC, mem- ory locations 0000 through 0020 are unused. The pro-

gram requires 478|-|0) bytes of memory, leaving all re- maining memory for the workspace. Each callsign is assigned six bytes^ plus one for the end-of-callsign control character (a period).

It is possible to process nOO callsigns in 8K of memory, while 500 may be handled by 4K. As you wil! notice in ihc assembly listings maximum use is made of the INEEE and OUTEEE rou- tines contained in the Motorola Mikbug firmware, and direct addressing is used extensively.

Upon execution of the program from its starting point, location 002F, the home-up and erase to end of file functions are performed to produce a clean screen, and then the *'Enter Call- signs" screen message appears on the control monitor. Call- signs of variable length are entered from the keyboard, each followed by a period. They appear on the monitor in column format at the left margin. In the event of a typing error, a slant bar is entered (anytime before the period) and the erroneous callsign may be entered cor- rectly. A line feed, carriage return, and erase to end of file string follow each callsign entered, to produce the column format and to cause a clean screen on pagp changes. The compare routine is bypassed for the first callsign entered. After that, as each callsign is entered, it is com- pared to all others already in the workspace. Upon de- tection of a duplicate entry, the screen message '*Dupli- cate — Type A Space'' appears following the callsign, and the audible alarm alerts the operator. The alarm is extinguished when the space (actually any character will do) is typed.

This audible alarm feature was included only as a con- venience, so if your system does not include the AC-30, don't worry; the program will still function as written. You will, however, have to glance

^ 1

02

up at the screen after each

entry lo check for the visual indication of a duplicate on the monitor screen. Any audio device may be used for the audible alarm. Simply place the auto/manual switch of the AC-30 in the auto position, engage input A as a reader, and use the motor control jack A as a switch to turn on the audio device, (See Fig. 1.) The '*Dupiicate'* and "Memory Full" screen message strings contain reader-on commands, and a reader-off is generated after keyboard input, I merely plug in a cassette recorder locked in the play mode and con- taining a program tape. Crude as it may be, the Kansas City

Fig, 2

Standard tones never fail to get my attention when the recorder is activated by the remote switch.

After the last callsign to be processed, key in a dollar sign, which terminates the entry and compare function and begins a "Print*' func- tion. Should the end of your memory be reached before you have come to the last callsign, the "Memory Full" screen message is displayed along with the audible alarm. The dollar sign must then be entered to begin the "Print** function.

The "Print" function actually serves no purpose, except to allow a simple re- check to insure all duplicates

0021 0023 002S 0027 0029 002B 002C»

002F

003 3 OOJS 0OJ7 O0J9 OOlh

003C 003P

D043 G045

oo4e

00 4« 00 4A 0Q4D

C»04F OUSl 0O52 0054

0057 0Q59 OOSA 005C 0D5E

006Q a0€2 0O63 006S 0066

D06B OOBB

006F 0072

0074 0076 0077

Q07fl [J07A

007C 007^

floei

00S3

00 B 5 OD88

OQSB ODBD ODB£ 0090 0092 0034

EIDI E07E

OlD^ IFTF

00oa<

0002 0002

0002 0002

Dl 21 86 7Q hi 00 9C 23 27 03 06 20 ¥1

m> 0141 DE 21 C6 20 A6 DO 11

26 2C DF 27 BD El2iC K7 00 C6 24 11

26 03 7^ DOEA

C6 2F H

2e 04

DE 27

20 EA

C6 2E 11

27 03

OS ao E2

CE OOOO 9C 25

26 27 BD 014f 20 CB

C6 07

08 5A

2F 02 20 FA

DF 2S aC 1FF9

27 02

:eo itc

BD 0I3C BD ElAC C6 24 11

26 FS D£ 25 A7 00 20 54

HAI4

OtrTEEF Egtr PDATAl EOU

t NEE]E EQU

ft

FD& J<K6

Rita

RHB ORG

NEXT

SD^ERDUPER

$E1I>I MXKBOG FinMVAR£

SEtjTtr MIKBUG FIltMWARE

$ElAC WIKRUd FIRMWARE

5 a IDE ConBtftiit st^rt of woirkipfpce

51FFF Canst«Jit lilgh frtcflTiory »d dress

SQOOO initjoliie with zeros

2 Re^CfVe for toffp storage

2 Reserve for tedp storage

2 He serve for terrp Ktarajge

2 Reserve for tcinp srtarago $00 2F

EBTEfl

EKTEH2 LOADS

STARTING X.f3CATION

LDX $Ey021 Start of workapsicci

LDA A #?20 put a space in h

STA A 0,X Load the space in metnory

CPX $0023 Re^ch ena of oettv^ry yet?

BEQ EliTER Ye^, to enter

INX Ho, go to next w&A loc

BRA KEXr To NEXT

BECIH ERTERlirG CALLSIGH5

JSR STG4

LUX $ooai

LDA B #$20 LDA A 0,X CEA

EltCBAB

SLNT?

Display HSG4 St^ixt of w?rkB|>sc6 Put A fipace in. B Load A from mamory Is it a space? ^3o, to LOCTR Yes< fitore X tc^p

Hii^na

Store char in afisiorf Put S in B IS it a $? no, to SLNT? YeSr to ZWi

Fut a / in B Is it a /? Ko. to PD? Yes, restore X To EMCEAR

^it A . Ln B

Is it a ,?

Yes, to FIRST

No, get another char

TO ENCHAR

FIRST?

BNE LOCTR

ST3e 50027

JSIt IH^

STA A O.X

LDA B fS24

CBA

BNC SUfT?

J HP EHD

ERROR?

LDA B #$2F

CBA

aH£ ?D?

L£3e $0027

BRA BiaCKAR

FERIOO?

LDA B #S2E

CBA

BEQ FIRST

INX

BRA EKCftAR

FIRST CALLSIRM7

LOX $0000 If this Is the first

CPX 50O2S entry J, doti ' t search

vm. s£A]«:m to search

JSR STC3 Di$^lav «SC3

OFtA EirrERS To EKTBR2 CHECK THE COl/WTER

LDCTR LOQP

FULL?

MEHFDL

LDA B #507

DEC B

BLE FULL? BRA LOOP

Load the counter with 07 XncJTiSinetnt K

DecreJTtGfit the counter

I^ Kcro, to FULL? Els« tq Lnoo

JS THE MEHORV FtJLL?

0096 D£ 21

SEABCS

STX $0025 CPX S51FF9

JBR ST<; I J SB INEEF, LDA U #524 CBA

BNB HEMFUL VOX 50025 SXA A 0«X SUA Etm SEARCB ROtlTIKE LOX S0021

Store K tairp Se« it reached ernS Vc-sj^ tf ttEJ^PUL SO* to LdA&B

Display KSGl

HIKBUC

Put a S in B

Is it a $?

Ro, to HEHPUL

YeSj. store X temp

Ifsad the S in Beiaory

To OfD

I,o4d X fzrtiris tanp

have been properly marked on the log. The callsign s are displayed at the left margin in column format. Priming con- tinues rapidly until an identi- fied duplicate contact is reached. The callsign is fol- lowed by a "Duplicate" screen message, and you are instructed to type a space to continue. After the last call- sign is displayed, a screen message instructs that you type a "P** to print again or a *^C' to clear. If the "P" is selected, the print operation cycles through again, while a "C clears the memory work- space and prepares for the entry of a new series of call- signs, perhaps the processing of another band.

Included in the pro-am are two constants, which are dependent on the memory capacity of your system. Location 0023 contains the highest memory address, while 007 F contains the address of the highest callsign starting point in memory, f have used IFFF and IFF9, respectively, for an 8K memory. If you are using 4K, simply change to OFFF and 0FF3.

This program should prove to be a most valuable addition to your program library p You can process your log in a minimum of lime and still have complete con- fidence that you are sub- mitting a clean log. ■

oo9e

DF 2B

ACN

^rx

S002B

Btsore X in temp

009A

DF 2D

STX

?aa2D

Store X in twira

00 9C

OB 27

LDX

&D027

Loa4 X ^rt^n tcp^

OOSE

DF 29

STX

S0029

Store X in temp

OOAO

C6 07

LDA

B

i$07

Load the counter with 07

00 A3

BD 14

BSR

CPRFIEM

To CPW^KM

mhA

27 23

BED

D[T»S

It la a dnpsj to DUOE

O0A€

D£ ZD

U^X

$00 2D

Mo, then load the location

fSOAS

OS

IIUI

of this c^allsivn in 7.

D0A9

OS

IHX

MtiA tucr^nent 7 tiia«5

^CAA

oa

HOC

to bcfifiii looklQii at

OOAB

oe

imc

the next callsign

00 AC

00

letx

ODAD

OS

THX

OOAE

0&

INX

OOAF

9C 27

CPK

$0027

is it this callsign?

ooai

Z^ ES

BHE

AGN

Ko, to Ar^

D0B3

20 7P

BRA

ISLAND

Yes. to ISLAND

4-

CQKPAKE StmROOTINE

OOBS

OB

CPBCOSi

IHX

Xncircneiit; X

1^ "IP ■ *f^

OOBC

DF 2B

STX

$0023

Store X ts3,p

O0B3

OE 29

U)X

$0029

Load X from t«atp

eOHA

A€ 00

LDA

A

0/8

Load A £r<?ai mraaory

OOBC

oa

inx

Increment X

OOBD

DF 29

STX

90029

store X temp

OOBF

DE 2B

I.DX

$Q02B

Load X from temp

OOCl

Al 00

CJWp

A

Q,x

Compare A and X

00C3

26 03

BMt

CPRKT

Not equal r to CPRET

00C5

SA

DEC

B

Decrament coitntor

00C€

2§ EO

mm

CPHCOM

Counter not zercij to CPfECCft

OOCB

l^i

vets

Counter zero ^return, v/flaq coind

*

DUPLICATE CALLSTiSl FOCMD

ODCf

fi6 11

PUi»E

LDA

A

#511

Put Sll in A

ooce

BD ElDl

JSft

tJirTEE^

MIRBUG (turns on alamt}

OOCE

BD 0141

jsn

STG2

Display MFG2

OODl

DE 27

l,^K

$0027

Lesad X f3ram toinp

ODD 3

C6 2E

LDA

B

§$2t

E'ut a . in B

0DD5

A6 00

LOADA

LDA

A

a,x

Put pijmorv char in A

0DP7

U

CBA

Is it a , ?

OODB

27 03

wm

FDFWD

Yes, to PDFKO

OODA

08

XlfX

nOp look next cfaar

OODB

20 FB

BRA

LQADA

To I^OAQA

4

REPEACE PEHIOO

WITB A$T£BI5K

OODD

C6 2A

PDFND

LDA

a

f52A

Put an * lit B

OODF

E7 00

STA

B

o,x

Put the * in m^aoiy

OOEl

BD ElAC

asR

iwEEs:

MIKBUG

0DE4

BD 0146

ISLAND

JSR

SI^GJ

Display HSG3

0OE7

7E 003F

JHP

ENTTiR2

TO SMTER2

•

END

OF MEMORY

OOCA

BD 0150

END

JSB

STG5

Display ?4SG5

OOED

DE 21

r^x

$0021

StJLTt of Horkspace

OOEF

A« 00

EMD2

LDA

A

o,x

Put char fa mamorv in A

OOFl

C« 24

LDX

B

l$24

Put $ In B

O0P3

11

CBA

Is it a $7

O0F4

27 07

&BQ

DEC IDE

Yes, to DECIDE

OOFfi

C6 2A

LDA

B

IS2A

Ko, put an • in B

OOFfl

11

CBA

Is it An *?

0 0F5

26 IB

Bim

PRCHAH

NO, to PRCKAR

OOFB

20 3D

BAA

DUPRNT

Ves, to DUFHNT

•

DECIDE

OOFD

BD 0155

DECIDE

JSR

sree

Display H5G£

0100

BO ElAC

JSB

IMKEE

miubik;

0103

C£ 50

LDA

B

IJ550

Pat ASCII P in B

0105

11

CBA

13 It a P?

oloe

27 E2

mo

END

Yes, to END

OlOfi

C# 43

LDA

B

t$43

Ha, put ASCII C in B

OlOA

11

CBA

Is it a c?

OlOB

26 FO

BNE

DECIDE

Ndi invalid reply ^ ask again

0100

7F 0025

CLR

$Q02&

Re sat fl tor age loc to sero

alio

7F 0Q2g

CLR

$0026

Reset storage lee to «*r«

0113

7E 002F

JM?

START

To START

*

PftilfT

THE CHAKACTER

01 Ig

ee 20

PPCHAS

LDA

B

1520

Put a space in B

one

11

CSA

IS it a space?

01X9

27 00

BEO

ihCX

Yes, to IXKHl

103

BIXB Dll]> 01 IE

Diati

□ 12 3 C124

012B

012D 012r 0112 0135 013 B dUl^

oiir

0141 C144 Q116 014^ 014B 014E 0150 0153 0155 0158

015C

QITA

017B

CG 2E 11

27 06

BD ElQl

20 C9

DF 25 PD 014€ 20 OB

BD BD BD DE 20

INCX

PRcaio^

OtTPRKT

UtfL B t$2E

BEQ PRCRLF

JSR DlJTEEE

IN3C

QiiA END 2

PBIWr CE AMD LF

STX $0025

EHA LDX

^RINT CKIPLICL^TE

Mo, put aji "* in B Is it an *? ¥es, to PHCRLP

Ko, MIKBUT

To get next char

Td END2

Store X t@rp Display- K5G3 To Lax

019* 019A

0191 0l9f

25

0141

ElAC

0146

as LDX

El

STX $0025

JSH STG2

JSR INEEE

JSB STCa

LDX S0§25

BRA X»CX

Store X temp

i^isfklay MSG2

MIKBTjn

0i Splay HSG3

To IBSCX

20 20

CE OISC 20 17 CE 017B

12

D19A

CE oitr

30 08

CE OlBD

20 0 3

CE OlCl

BD BOTE

114D

4S4D

4F52

5920

4£55

4C4C

2£2B

2E54

5950

45?.0

2420

544r

2050

5249

4E54

04

ODOD

1717

1717

1717

2E2B

2£44

5550

4 52E

2E2S

STGl

STG2

STG3

STG4

5TG5

STGf «fliNTa

HSGl

DISFIAY HE&SAjC£ SUBROCITTRES

LPK HSGl Load K start of KSei

BRA PRnaro To ?RrMTO

LDX MSG2 !^ad X start tit KSG2

BRA PR I WTO To PRlWTO

LDX MBC3 Load K start of HSG3

BRA PRINTO To PRINTO

LDX HSQ4 Load X «tairt oC Kg64

BRA PRIIITO To PRtiTTO

LDX HSG^ Load X al^art of Hg^S

BfIA ^HTWTO To PHUTTO

LBX nBG% U)ad X start of 14SG$

JSR »l>^tAl MIKBOG

RTS Return from stibroutlne

ASCII MESSAGE DISPLAY STRINGS

FCC /Reader On followed hy screen

ittessage (MEMORY FULL... TYPE $

TO PfiJNTJ

OIBC OIBD

OlCQ DlCl

OlOD

MSG2

FCB End of Kess^ge

FCC /Header on* carriage return ^ six

apache followed by screen mesaage

U*-DUP?:.,.TYPE A SPACE)

S459

5045

2053

5041

4345

04

13QA

0016

04

101£

2020

soao

2F2E

2E45

4E54

4552

2043

414C

4C53

4947

4£53

2E2E

2K0A

OD

04

1310

1€

04

1016

2020

3050

2^5^

4F20

S053

444E

S420

3020

4 325

544F

2043

4C45

4152

04

KSG3

MSG4

FCB FCC

FCB

FCC

Ksqs

MSG6

FCB FCC

FCB FCC

End of Mes 531^0

/Reader off, line f e«d , camriage

return » era^s to end of file End of He s sage

/Bamm up, erase to end of file^ four apaces, followed by screen message (.. .ENTER CAl.L?ICj^S. ,. j followed by line feed, carriage return

End of IVessage

/Reader off, heme up. arase to end of file

End of IteEsago

/Bone up, eraae to end of file, three spaces followed by Ecrre<tn :nieGaage [P TO PRII3T C TO CLEAR)

FCB End of Message Beginning wit^ QlUZ, all ccnprises the mrltipace EHD

reBaining aesiory

START

ENCKAR

LOOP

CPR^OH

PDFND

PRCHAH

ST^l

STG«

MS€4

002F 004A 0076 Q0a5 OODO 0116 013C 01 SS 019F

NEXT

SLNT7

FULL7

CPRMEM,

ISLAND

DiCX

STGa

PRUffO

K5C5

0033 0flS7 O07C OOBB 0DE4 0123 0141 0158 DlBD

EttrZR

MEMFUL CpRET

PRCRLF

STC3

I^Cl

0D3C

ooeo

0085 OOCB ODEA 013« 014£ 015C OlCl

ENTER2

FIRST?

SEJ^H CH

DUPE

END2

DirPRWT

STG4

KSC2

003F 0068

0096 00C9 ODEF 012D 0L4B 017B

LOADS LDCTR

LQADA

DECIDE

LCIX

STGS

MSG3

0041 0074 0090 00 P$ OOFD 0133 0150 019A

$

$ $

$ $ $ $ $ $

$

$

$

$ $ $

w

$ $ $

$ $

M

K

Wasye

riz

OK, so you want to save money — cani blame you for that!

After you have called the 800 numbers, got your '*best price/' sent your money — what do you get? A box. Suppose it doesn't work? (Murphys' law). Ship it back (at your own ex- pense) and wait* Or — two weeks after the warranty expi res — so goes the rig _ , what to do?

And since you got that great discount how much attention will you get? Rotsaruck fella!

Today's amateur equipment is far more sophisticated than that of even a few years ago, and ifs getting more so every day. Service becomes an important issue. At CFP we have decided to offer you an alternative: If you are willing to pay the regular list price on any Drake or Yaesu product CFP will provide an additional 90 days of warranty protection. This v^arranty will be identical with the normal warranty with the exception that we wilt pay all charges including shipping both ways!

There may be occasions when we won*t have the item you desire. Should you place an order and we don't, we will refund your money and advise you when it will be available.

We won't sit on your money! If you wish a high demand item and want to make a deposit to ensure getting what you want — fine.

Because we are amateurs and concerned about the issues, we limit our transmitter and amplifier sales to licensed amateurs (a license photocopy will do). Amateur radio is a great service and a greater hobby — lets keep it that way!

Mail Orders accepted. N. Y. residents add sales tax. SASE will get our list of used Amateur Equipment.

WANTED: GOOD CLEAN TRADESl

WA2KTJ

WB2LWV

CFP COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

211 NORTH MAIN STREET

HORSEHEADS, N.Y. 14045

PHONE: 607'739-01 87

Store Houn

Tyes. to Ffl. 10-6 p.m. Sat. 10-4 p^in.

Fa&Sai sutsiectio Hamfesi weekerids Closed Sun, Si M§n,

C54

$

$

$

$ $ $ $ $

$

$ $ $ $

$ $ $

$ $ $

$ $

104

CANADIANS!

ENminate the Customs Hassles. Save Money and get Canadian Wan^anties on IMSAI and S-tOO compatible products-

fMSAiaoeO KIT $ 838.00

ASS. $1163 00 (Can. Duty & Fed. Tax locluded), AUTHORIZED DEALER

Send SI. 00 for complete IMSAI

Catalog,

We will develop compMd appltca-

lion systems,

Cgntac! us for further information.

Rotundra Cybenwtics

^

Box 1448. Calgary, Afta. T2P 2H9 Phone (403) 2S3-8076

R13

ernanioiHiD Amateur.

MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE

NO MONKCV BUSINESS!

(A) Complete Service Facilities

(B) Good Deais on most Brands

(C) Shipping within 24 Hours

(D) All inquiries handled by Active Hams with over 20 years experience in ham radio

CALL TOLL FREE

1-800-238-6 168

fN TENNESSEE, CALL 90^452^4276

MONO A Y-SA TURDA Y 3:30-5:30

FQH YOUR SPECIAL.

CUSTOM HIGH POWER AMPLIFIERS

G-12

Write: 3202 Summer Ave,, Memphis, Tennessee 38112

Don Lancaster's ingenius design provides software controllable options including;

P9 -

•Scrolling • Full performance cursor

• Over 2K on-screen characters with only 3MHz bandwidth

• Variety of line/charwrter formats

including 16/32 , 16/64 even 32/64

• User selectable line lengths

TELL ME MORE I ( ) send free catalog

( ] Send instruction manual for the TVT-6 Kit with full operalionaJ details j %1 enclosed. *

Namcr ;

MAH. today To: Address: '

City:

State:

Zip:

ELECTRUNICSJNC, DEPT. 10-H, 1020 W.WILSHIRE BLVD.. OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73116 -

105

Computerized Global Calculations

-- finding the best way to Pago Pago

Carl Wagaj' VEZEKR PO Box 71 1 Waterloo, Ontario Canada N2J 4C3

10 PHINT "THIS IS GLOEiL**

20 PRINT " "

30 REM TWPUT DATA FOB «T LOCATIOK

kO PHINT "MY LOCATION IS"

50 PRINT "LATI'nJDE(Di:0,MIN, 1 FOR NORTH- 0 FOR SOUTH)**

60 INPUT L2,M2»Y

70 PRINT "LONQITODE(DEG,MIN, 1 FOR EAST- 0 FOR WEST) »

80 ITTFUT L1,MT,Z

90 PRINT " «

100 HEM CALCULATE COITSTANTS FOR HT LOCATION

110 L1 = (I1+(Kl/60))*3.ii»i59/180

120 L2=(L2+(M2/60})*5*ll|159/l80

130 K1=SINCL2)

1^0 K2=C0SCL2)

150 IF Z=0 THEN 170

T60 Lt=-L1

170 IF T=1 THEN 190

180 KI=-K1

190 PRINT " ^

200 REM INPUT DATA FOR HIS LOCATION

210 PRIIIT "HIS LOCATION IS"

220 PRINT ^'LATITUDECDEGjMIK^ 1 FOR NORTH-0 FOR SOOTH)"

230 INPUT Lif,Mi+,B

240 PRINT ^^LONQI TUBE (DEG^ KIN ^ 1 FOR EA;ST-0 FOR WEST)"

250 INPUT L3rM3»A

Z€Q PRINT " "

270 REM CALCULATE CONSTANTS FOR HIS LOCATION

280 L3=(L3+(K3/60))«3.iV159/t80 290 Lif={Lifr+(M%/60)) •5.11^159/ 180 300 IF A=1 THEN 530

510 C1=ABS(L1-L5) 520 GOTO 3ifO

530 C1^AB5(L1+13)

31+0 IF Cl<3-1i4l59 THEK 360

350 Cl=(2*3.m59)-Cl

360 IF 1=1 TREK 390

370 K1=-K1

380 REH CALCULATE DISTANCE

390 Al^(Kl*(SlNCLW)) + (K2*(C0StLi|))»CC0S(C1)))

i|00 l>=(5pli|l59/2)-(ATN(Al/(SQR(1-Att2))))

k^0 D=69•15*180*D/5.^t^T59 If 20 PRINT " "

i+30 REM OUTPUT

J+40 PRINT "DISTANCE IN MILES", D

If 50 D1=1,6093'D

1+60 PRINT "DISTANCE IN OLOMETRES",©!

k?0 STOP

480 END

Fig, }. Program /is ting for GLOB A L

M^

HOW many of you DXcrs now keep 3 hand calcu- later next to your rig? After Frank Kelly described "Glo- bal Calculations for the DXer" in tne August, 1976, issue of 73 Magazine, no doubl some of you have Iried it The article showed how to calculate the distance be- tween two places anywhere in the world.

When you're working that rare DX in Timbuktu, it's always nice to drop a tidbit of information like, 'i cal- culate that our QSO spans a distance of 8346 kilometers, 0 S L ? " Pretty im pressi ve- sounding information, no doubt J and it's a novel topic for conversation.

After a while, though, you can become tired of doing all of thai number-crunching every time. No doubt some of you have let the bit bug bit^. Either you have picked up some type of microcomputer or are at least interested in them. If so, let the number- crunching bother you no more. Let the computer do it!

This article describes a computer program that cal- culates the shortest distance between any two points on the globe. All you need to do is type in the latitude and longitude of any two loca- tions on Earth, and it prints

out the distance in miles and kilometers,

I call the program GLO- BAL, for obvious reasons, and it is written in the pro- ^mmlng language BASIC. GLOBAL is listed in Fig. 1. It is very straightforward and takes very little time to run. In Fig. 1, statement numbers 40 through 90 have the com- puter ask you to input infor- mation about your location or the location of the first station. {If you are holding a three-way QSO, you could tell the other fellows how far apart they are.) Statements 100 through 180 calculate the parameters for the first station. Unlike Kelly's meth- od, your station can be lo- cated anywhere in the world* So, if you're not in North America, you can still use the program. Statements 200 through 250 ask you ques- tions about the second sta- tion's location, and state- ments 280 through 370 cal- culate the parameters for his location. The actual calcula* tion of distance is carried out from statement 390 through 410, and then the distance is output in both miles and kilo- meters.

The language BASIC that I used may be slightly dif- ferent from the one that you Ye using, but Tve at* tempted to make it so that the program will work on most machines. Notice that when inputting latitude^ you must type 1 for north or 0 — zero for south latitudes. If your machine will accept what they call string variables (mine won't), then you could change the program to accept the letters ''N'^ or "S'\orthe words ** North*' or ''South/* The same applies for longi- tude. You will need to alter the IF statements; 150, 170, 300 J and 360, For instance, 150 would become: 150 IF Z$=^**W" then 170. Also, all of the variables, A, B, Y, and Z, would need to be changed to A$, B$, Y$, and Z$, since these usually denote string variables.

One other important point

06

Mm

THIS IS SLOBAL

RON

THIS IS GLOBAL

MT LOCATION IS

LATITUDE(DEG,MIN, 1 FOR NORTH-0 TOH SOUTH)

7*10.52,1

LONGTTUDECI>EG,MIFr, T FOB EAST-0 FOP W13T)

775* 19,0

HI LOCATION IS

LATITODE(DSG,Mra, 1 TOR KOOTH-0 FOH SOUTH)

?40»52tl

LOKGITUDE(DEG,MIir, 1 FOR EAST-0 FOR WEST)

?73,19,0

HIS LOCATION IS

LATITUDE CDEG J tilN, X FOE NORTH-0 FOR SOUTH)

?£f8. 52,0,1

LONGITUDE{DEG,MIKJ FOR EAST-0 FOR WTEST)

?2.2,0,1

HI 5 LOCATIOfT IS

LATITUDE(DEG,MIN 1 FOR PTORTH-O FOR SOUTH)

?22.5itjO,0

LONQITUDE(DEQ»MIN, t FOR EAST-0 FOR WEST)

?it3* 15, OpO

DISTANCE IN MILES DISTANCE IN KILOHin'RES

5596-772218 5788,28553

DISTANCE IN MILES DISTANCE IN KILOMETRES

4793.847786 7714*759241

Fig, 2 Two runs far GLOBAL, The first calculates the distance between Huntington^ Long bland, NY and Paris^ France. The second calculates the distance between Huntington and Rio de Janeiro^ Brazil,

is that GLOBAL converts degrees to radians before caEculating. Make sure that your version of BASIC uses radians for angle calculaiions. If your BASIC needs degrees, then youll have to eliminate the conversion factors (3.14159/180) from stat^ ments 110, 120, 280, 290, and 410, and you'll have to change pi (3 J 41 59) to the value 180 in statements 340, 350, and 400. One last thing yotj should know is that part

of statement number 400 reads like this: SQR(1 -At t2). The Alt 2 means Al to the exponent 2, or AT squared.

Some machines may need that written Al *'*=2, or^ if all else fails, just multiply A I by itself (A1*A1). So with these hints in mind, you should be able to get GLOBAL to per- form for you, no matter what kind of BASIC your machine eats.

Fig, 2 shows the output for two different runs of the

program. These two runs are identical with the examples that Frank Kelly gave in his articte. The first run calcu- lates the distance between Huntingtonj Long Island, NY {40^52^N., 73'19'W.) and Paris, France (48.52'*N. 2.2'' E.) as a total of 3595 miles, which is the same as Kelly's figure. The second run calculates the distance be- tween Huniington and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22.54*5,, 43J5^W4 as 4794 miles,

again the same as in Kelly's calculations.

If you get tired of typing In your own location, you can always calculate LI, L2, K1, and K2 from your loca- tion and assign these in the first statements of your pro- gram. You could then elim- inate statements 40 through 180- By the way, GLOBAL takes up very little space in memory, less than IK, and the above measure would reduce it even more, ■

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Bob Lmdse/ WB9WXM 2120 HasseU Rd.. Apt. 106 Hofiman Estates IL 60J 95

Micro Meets JANET

-- meteor scatter, anyonev

?

The idea of utilizing meteor scatter propaga- tion for data transfer first occurred to W5HK and WB9WXM during one of their long, frequent bull sessions on FM this past AprIL Bob had just received his first computer, an 8080, and Steve was nearly through reading Hobby Computers Are Here. Both were looking for a way to genuinely show the computer's vatue in VHF communications. It was not long before the pulse data characteristics of data trans^ fer encouraged them to look at an old mode that has been almost forgotten — meteor scatter. This mode has never been highly popular, either commercially or with the amateur^ because it requires either high speed CW or a very quick mouth on SSB to communicate. Information transfer Is tedious and re- quires more patience than most of us have. But wouldn't this mode be ideal for the microprocessor and the transfer of data in quick bursts?

A look through a nearby

VOK

iiyOi<3 m

Audio out

MODUtATCO

r-iicQi(TPfaL

technical library showed an interesting fact: Most infor* mation on meteor scatter was written in the 1950s, and there appeared to be consid- erable interest in it until satellites attracted the interest and backing of government and industry. Almost an entire issue of the Proceedings of the IRE was devoted to the mode in late 1957. In it were described the successful commercial experi- ments conducted between 1953 and 1956 using meteor scatter. The JANET principle refers to the technique first suggested in 1950 by McKinley and proven commercially in a long term RTTY link over a 950 km path in Canada between 1954 and 1956- JANET utilizes a duplex system of two stations and a continuously transr mttting carrier. When A is transmitting^ B Is lisieningfor the signal to appear from a trail. These ionization trails appear in the upper atmo- sphere and vary in length from 1 5 to 40 km. They have a thickness on the order of 1 meter.* When the detector

IMiT*

registers a signal level, storing data-

predetermined it will begin JANET, as the IRE article states, was named after Janus, the Roman god of the doorway who looked both ways at once.^

Meteor scatter itself is a result of the continuous, although sporadic, bombard- ment of the Earth by meteor- ites. Approximately 10^0 particles, representing a mass of approximately 1 ton, hit the Earth each day.^ The important point is that a fiery spectacle is not required to produce a usable trail; grains of sand that are invisible when entering will suffice. The meteoric particles enter the ionosphere at a height of 80-120 km. "Although a single observer may see only two or three visible meteors per hour, hundreds of trails can be detected in the same period by sensitive radio equipment/'^

The average number of trails varies from season to season, for reasons best left to further reading, and meteor showers can greatly enhance the duty cycle of communications. For pur* poses of reliable year-round

communications, we are interested in the fact that trails are always present and that their occurrence is always frequent enough to ensure a reasonable informa- tion rale (60 wpm at a continuous RTTY speed of 1300 wpm, for example, in tests conducted in the 1950s).

The characteristics of the trails are such that fading is a problem because high altitude winds can shifl the ionized gas trail slightly; trails that are either underdense or over- dense can introduce distor- tion of the signal, A small number of trails appearing at the optimum angle betvween two points become the vehicle for the communica- tions link. An effective system would endeavor to use a single trail at a time in order to minimize fading and multi- path distortion, Thus^ the practical duty cycle would be decreased, to less than .05.^ Because of the critical angle of entry for meteors to form usable trails between points A and B, the optimum path is not a great circle route, but, rather^ a few degrees to either side. An effective antenna for 50 MHz would be a non- highly directional yagi. Great success was achieved with JANET, using two five-ele- ment yagis aimed 8° either side of the great circle path and 8*^ above the horizon. Because of the Earth's rota- tion^ more trails will appear on one side of ihe direct path in the morning and the other in the evening. This antenna permits both propagation paths to be utilized.

At the time the JANET principle was published and advocated as a com mere iaJ viability^ the error rate had been reduced to less than 0.1 percent, and average informa- tion rates from 30 to 50 wpm were achieved- The major

START CODE

£MD CO DC

■ — "

t

1

njk'r*. lO: ■ A tia

■■

Oa,

■«i

* 1

r

Fig, 1.

Fig. 2.

^m

problem, as was to be expect- ed, was to develop effective gating equipment to deter- mine when the signal from the distant station was at a usable threshold.

Since most of the work on the meteor scatter mode has been done in the 30-50 MHz range, it is difficult to predict exLtctly what the relative values for error rate and duty cycle would be on 144 iVIHz. From discussions with other amateurs, we learned that meteor scatter commonly provides 3-6 second trails on six meters, 1-2 second trails on two meters, and possible occasional trails on 432 MHz, From our attempts to find articles and to locate other individuals who were familiar with the mode, we learned several things that were disappointing. Very little was done with the mode commer- cial ly after Uie satellite became a reality, very few VHF amateurs had ever worked the mode or knew anything of it, and a great deal remained to be done at 144 MHz and above to deter- mine its characteristics.

From our investigation of the mode, we became convinced that meteor trail scatter J although practically forgotten, had very consider- able potential for data trans- fer and that experimentation on I wo meters would be essential to find the answers. In summing up the mode's disadvanta^s (from a data viewpoint), there are few. The path appears to be limited to 2000 km, is not as fast as satellite or other continuous modes, and would require well-aimed antennas and precision tuning between amateur stations to effective- ly utilize the short burst time with a minimum of '*search and setup** time. These dis- advantages are vastfy over- shadowed by the advantages:

1. Reliable communications, regardless of sunspot or solar conditions;

2. 24 hour a day usability, unlike the amateur satellites;

3. A reasonably low error rate, due to the inherently

Stat (DTI

Station Station Station Station Station Station Station Station Station Station Station Station Station Station

A Send B Receive B Ser^d A Receive A Send B Receive B Send A Receive A Send B ReceJv© B Send A Beceive A Send B Receive B Send

/ / /We9WXM (S) BOB (S) IL {R» +++

WB9WXM BOB tU / / WB9WXM {S) W5HK (S} STEVE (R)

WB9WXI\/J W5HK STEVE / //TS700 <S) 100W (S) 4L {S\ YG (RJ +++

TS700 100W4LyG / / nx (S) YS221 (S} SOW (S) 5L (S) YG (R)

TX YS221 50W5LYG / / /PLS tS) OSL fS) TNX iSi 4 (S) QSO (R)

PLS QSL TIMX4QS0 / / /73 (S) BOB iS) OK (S) QSL (RJ -m-

73 BOB OK QSL / / /73 (S) W89WXM (S} QRX (R) +++

73 WB9WXM QRX ///W5HK (S) QRX (R) +++

This is how a typical QSO might appear. Total QSO time — 8 minutes. A new state was worked on two meters, direct and with meteor burst data transmission. (S) = space^ (R) - return^ / / / = start code, and -f-H- = end code.

stable condition of the path

for the short lime it is there;

4. A degree of security and privacy not achievabte on HF or satellite repeaters - the critical angle of usable trails between points A and B precludes usable signals being detected beyond several iiundred kilometers around each station;

5. Spectrum efficiency and reuse as a result of 4 above — indeed, ihe authors of the 1957 article on JANET be- lieve stations could operate on the same frequency if they are operating from moderate- ly right angles to one another's paths;

6. Above all, this mode is uniquely suited to the sporad- ic, parcel nature of data communications; the birth of hobby computers makes meteor trails viable as they n^ver have been before, making possible an inexpen- sive and reliable way for nationwide contacts using the home computer.

At this point, we decided to develop a working system built around the 8080 uP. First^ wc had to decide what basic system configuration could best utilize the meteor burst mode in a relatively economical fashion.

Meteor Burst Modes

Several possibilities exist

for the automatic transfer of data via meteor bursL In decreasing order of complex- ity:

1, Full duplex — A duplica- tion of ihc )ANET system provides a station with the ability to utilize the greatest

number of trails, thus

increasing usable transmission rates. For the exchange of large amounts of data, it is probably the only viable tech- nique. For the amateur, it has several pitfalls. The narrow spacing that would have to be used on two meters (if the repeater segment were to be avoided) would require an expensive duplexer and cavi- ties. Critical retuning would have to be performed every time the frequency was changed. A much simpler duplex system, available to any amateur, would involve crossband operation between 2 and 1V4 meters or 2 and 6 meters. This alternative should be considered in the future.

2. Modified full duplex - In theory, a commercial base station, amateur repeater, or television station could be monitored by a distant meteor burst station. The reception of the monitored signal from point A at point B could be used to gate the amateur transmitter to release data. If both points A and B utilized this gating method, higher transmission rates could be achieved.

3. Simplex — This requires selection of defined irans- mission periods that are long enough to have a high probability of hitting one usable traiL Much less infor- mation could be exchanged than with 1 or 2, but for the VHF amateur using a 300 baud per second rate with a microprocessor, 30 baud, or approximately six words, cou!d be transferred in a 1/10

second bursts This is more than adequate for DXing or short messages. It is the suggested technique because of its relative cost. One minute transmissions would result in a high probability of completed QSOs in less than ten minutes, with none of the tedium associated with conventional meteor burst operation. Experimentation would determine the best transmission length and data pared size. After this tech- nique was developed, trans- mission bursts might effectively be decreased to rapidly transfer data. Of course, an individual interested in high volume traffic would then find considerable merit for con- structing a station based on duplex or crossband operation. For most amateur operation, simplex operation would be fully adequate. It is this system we are developing and to which we are encour- agng interest be directed.

5im|>lex Version

Having determined that we would utilize a simplex system, we decided that we would need the following basic components:

1. 2 meter FM transceiver with 100 Watts and 4-7 element vagi; 2- Microcomputer;

3. TTY or video terminal;

4, Modulator and demodula- tor.

A block diagram using the

simplex version is shown in Fig. 1. The data format is shown in Fig. 2*

103 im

BflMPLE ^(JP

fE5

i.

'IWERI

21

IS

Ihlf'Ut DAI A U&1

l«

I

EMI C03E

I

CtCLE iiMt:

l>»

141 04 T A

7

KIT Tl^JlifS

»«

STftHT C»CLE TiMtPf

SEVm DATI,

YES

L

TWAH =

»2

T

Fig, 3. Flowchart of the program that will be used in the fir^ system.

Mode of transmission wifl be narrow band FM with deviation between 2.5 and 5 kHz. Experimentation will begin at 5 kHz. The modula- tor and demodtjtaior are based on the Audio Cassette Standard described in the article entitled *'A Nifty Casset teCom pu tcr System " in Hobby Computers Are Here. Since this standard has been adopted by the industry for the audio transfer of digital information, it provides the most economical and effective means of trans- ferring data, at the reasonably fast rate of 300 baud per second-* Secondly, although the original JANET system utilized double sideband AM with audio frequency shift

•In this article, the lonesof 2400 cydes for mark and 1200 cydes for space are suggested. These tones are refatively in©)<pensjve to generate; a stable 4800 Hi can be divided by 2 for mark, and divided by 4 for space.

110

keying, narrow band FM provides advantages in terms of signal to noise ratio and noncriticalness of tuning. Those who have operated FSK on HP wilt appreciate the criticalness of exact tuning. FSK is not tolerable with a short burst meteor mode. With FM, a signal tuned in reasonably close will provide a usable signal, and, unlike FSK, the frequency of the audio tone is automatic- ally in tune. As a further bonus, this provides the multitude of VHF FMers with the ability to use exist- ing FM gear^ if they couple it with an inexpensive micro- processor-based data system. Of course, further experi- ments can use SSB^ FSK, or other more exotic modes, such as decimal frequency shift keying. The goat here is to provide the largest number of amateurs with an inexpensive yet effective way of using this mode.

K tnifiai program waits for a command.

Z Decision block: If a tT) is typed Jn or an (R)^ will either

jump to block #3 Of #1 2.

3. Start Code block: Type in the Start Code to be sent and to be sampJed when in the receive program.

4. End Code block: Type in the End Code to be sent and to be sampled when in the receive program.

5. Type in the cycle time desired: '^, 1. 2 min. etc. This is the total time the data message will be cycled.

6. Type »n the message to be sent, up to 19 diaracters. Tht last character of the message has to be a carriage return,

7. Because of carriage return being typed^ the system keys the transmitter.

R The cycle timer h activated (this is a sof tvkfare timer}.

9. The total data is sent — Stan Code» message data. End Code. 10. Decision btock detects if the End Code is sent, if {no) is generated the program loops back to #9 until a yes Is generated in ^10. Once this happens the program jumps lo # 1 1 . 11- Decision block to determine if the cycle time is reset: If (noj the system continues to ^end the data until the cycle itmer is reset. Once this is irue, the program jumps to the receive block #12,

1 2. Un-ktys transmitter for receive portion of program,

13. Sample for Start Code.

14. Decision: If Start Code is false, then continues sampling. If true* jumps to #15,

1 5. Start a timer whose length is equal to the maKimum number of remaining characters, which is 22.

16. Load data to buffer register.

17. Sample data for End Code,

1 8. Decision block for End Coder If true, go to #19* '\f false, go to — 20,

19. If End Code vsas detected, then the da^ between Start Code and End Code fs printed out.

20. If End Code was not detected, this decision block is used to determine if the 22 character timer #15 has timed out, If no, jump back to #17, If yes, return to #13. Begin Start Code sampling.

Fig, 4, Now let's return to the circuit; this will enable the

data format and give it a closer look. Total trans- mission was chosen to be 25 baud in 1 /1 0th of a second or

less, repeated for 1 minute. The repetition is to insure that a complete data trans- mission will be received. The first 3 baud are the recogni- lion code, thus allowing the receiving station to know if a transmission is starting. The next 19 baud are information such as call, QTH, handle^ etc. Last, the remaining 3 baud are the ending code to Lei I the receiving micro- processor that the message is completed. Tola! trans- mission time is < 1/lOtJi second; repeating for \ minute will cycle this 500 times. Only experimentation will determine if this time is sufficient. When the receiving station has decoded an ending code, it will print out the message, and the receiving station can then send a reply by the same format. When sending data, the micro- processor will key the trans- mitter by using the VOX

transceiver to be either

receiving or transmitting as determined by the micro- processor program.

That's the total system in operation, but one of the most important things is the microprocessor program. Since both W5HK/9 and WB9WXM are not the most proficient programmers of microprocessors (we are both learning), we brought in a third party to write the program, (See Figs. 3 and 4.) Gary Chaff in is a non-. amateur who has a great love for the microprocessor and programming; he is also one of the sharpest people we know in that field. The microcomputer we jjc using is the lASIS Computer in a Book. Besides being a learning tool, it is also a powerful microcomputer using the 8080A,

Condusion

At this point in time^ we are actively constructing a system based on the principles described in this

article- The reason for writing til is article now, rather than after a system is fully opera- tional, is quite simple; we need the assistance of other interested VHFers outside of this area to prove the system. Whereas an EME enthusiast can test his system by listen* ing for his echo, the narrow propagation angles and short time for reflection from a meteor trail only 100 km in altitude make it impossible to ose the same technique. We believe this technique

has considerable potemial and feel it is an effective marriage of the microcomput- er and the meteor burst mode. It has the potential for contacts that are not limited in duration as are present OSCAR QSOs, or distance as is the case with conventional VHF propagation. From the Chicago area we should be able to work most of the country on meteor burst. We welcome those with computers and interest to join us on 145.180 this

whal can JANET is utilized in

winter. We could all be pleasantly surprised with

be done when refurbished and an environment where she best functions — the short data bursts of the modern microprocessor. ■

Reference

1. ''Radio prDpag^tton by reflec- tion from meteor trails/* Susgar, G . R ., Pfcmedingt of the fEEE {t964),52, 116,p. 121. Z "The Pnncipfes of JANET - A Mete or -Bur St CommunicatiDn System/' Forsyth, Vogan, Han- sen, and H\T}es, Proceedings of the

IRE, December, 1957, p, 1643.

3. Ibid,, p. 1644.

4. Ibid., p. 1644,

5. Ibid., p. 1653.

Suggested BiMiography

Proceedings of the IRE, Decem- ber, 1957 (numerous articles). Meteor Astronomy , A.C.B. Lovell, Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, 1954.

"Meteor scatter: a newly dis- covered means for extended range communication in the 15 and 20 meter bands/' QST, Vol, 37, pp. 11-15, 15b April, 1953. "Radio propagation by reflection from meteor trails," Sugar, G.R., Proc. IEEE (1964), pp. 52, 116.

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Edward J, Mufvnn WB01FF 4606 Merle Hay Road, Suite A Des Moines lA 50322

Run, Sheila, Run!

-- real-life radio control

The flfteen-year-oId girl was placed in the starting blocks, A silence fell over the stadium. Everyone was tense, straining. The

starter raised his pistol and called, ** Runners on your

maric, ready!"

"BANG!" The report of the starter's pistol pierced the

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Coach Jim Blasingame aims Sheila Hoizworth in the starting blocks.

silence and tenseness of the stadium. Sheila leaped from the blocks like a coiled spring, and, for the next 14,2 seconds, the only sound to be heard was the pounding of her feet on the cinder track, along with the almost- monotone of my voice speaking into a microphone telling the blind Sheila, "Left — left — right - looking real good — half way — now, youVe there - real good - that*s alh you're done now," I laid the microphone down and turned the trans- mitter off, as there was no longer any need for it. Her teammates had met her and were now walking her back to the stands. Sheita was very dejected with her time. The 14,2 was not very good for the one-hundred-yard dash. She had been very nervous on this run, as sfie had gotten into the fence on an earlier practice run that day. She had had only about a dozen practice sessions with the radio equipment she was using.

14.2 seconds for the one- hundred-yard dash may not be a good time for your average runner, bul Sheila changed that the following week with a 13.2 time. The second time she was not as

nervous and had had a few more practice sessions. Sheila Is now within three-tenths of a second of the rest of her team, which is not bad for a grrt who, only five years ago, lost both of her eyes. It was a freak accident in which the orthodontic headgear she was wearing broke and flew into her eyes. Her father, being a doctor, had given her immediate first aid, and she started to recover. But a secondary infection set in, and it became necessary to remove both of her eyes.

Now, five years later, she wants to do, and does do, everything that other fifteen- year-old girls do - skate- boarding, roller skating, riding horses, bicycling (tandem) — and she planned to participate in the bicycle ride across Iowa this year. She also beg$ to be allowed to drive a car. Prior to the acci- dent, she was very active in track and athletics, but the accident slowed her down a bit- She used to run with her coach in front of her, but in the high school meets this can't be done.

A friend of mine, who also knows Sheila*s family, asked me one day, '*Ed, you're a ham and know about radio; is there any way thai we can

114

wire Sheila for sounds so she could run in track?^*

My response waSj "Let me see what [ can scrounge up and what is available/* I was th inlying of two meters and a pocket scanner, on a little used frequency, with ear- phones. It sounded like a good idea, if a bit bulky. But^ at least. It could be made to work, and this kid really wanted to compete with the other kids on their level,

A quick call to another ham, Ron Kinton WB0MBZ (who knows a lot more about radio than I and has a bigger junk box), revealed that it might take time to get crystals for an odd frequency and that the plain bulk of the pocket scanner might not be good. He said he would get back to me the next day. Sure enough, he did, with a model airplane receiver donated by another ham,

Tom Taylor K^HHE, It was already on six meters, so Ron proceeded to modify it by removing all the heavy digital circuits and adding one stage of audio amplification. This proved to be sufficient to drive a high impedance earphone. To get the receiver down to the lower part of six meters, a surplus crystal from an old Collins aircraft trans- mitter was found. These com- ponents combined to give us the magic number of 50.4 MHz for a receiver frequency. Ron gave me the receiver and totd me to tune it up and make it work. He even donated his ancient Gonset Communicator III for the cause. But he didn^t have a 50,4 rock. His vfo for the Gonset didn't work either. I had a Heath sixer and a 50.4 rock, which ! soon found out was no good either. But the Heath H W-1 6 I used for a CW

station had a vfo that worked on six meters. It was pressed into service to provide the proper signal to tune the re- ceiver with. The HW-T6 and vfo combined with a counter enabled me to tune the re- ceiver down to the proper frequency, and, in the mean- time, I was able to locate another 50,4 crystal. After a Few hours of tweaking i-fs and coils^ it became apparent that I needed to get further away from the transmitter. I then called yet another ham. Ken Freberg WB0IFE, Good old Ken, he never questions the crazy stuff I do, just helps out any way he can. We took the Novice course to- gether and got consecutive calls, and I have had him over for several projects. Ken took over the duties of operator, and 1 became a **Sheila" and proceeded to walk up and down the street at night, in a

light rain^ muttering to my- self, while trying to fine tune that tiny receiver, which we now had down to just about one ounce of weight, in- cluding the earphone.

After satisfying myself that this just might work, 1 contacted Sheila's family, and we made arrangements for a few tests. This proved to be very encouraging. I presented to Sheila the tiny receiver and the large, seven ounce carbon battery that we had for practice. Now was the time for the first of many trips for Sheila^ with my voice in her ear. She held the receiver and battery in her hand, while holding the earphone in her ear — it wouldn't stay in her ear, so she had to hold it. A walk down her long, broad driveway was an outstanding success for both of us. I was even able to guide her up to and around several parked

EM^t^E-*

Receiver module showing the high impedance earphone with medical IV tubing and Y junction. The splice between the IV tubing and the Plant run ics earphones is medical catheter tubing.

Sheila with her headband. The object on this side is a nicad battery. One antenna is warn in fronts the other in back, both under her shirt

115

cars. It is difficult to say who was more excited over the promises this held for Sheila, but il was decided right away that she should try to run with the radio. A belt was brought out to tape the heavy battery to. Some surgical tape was used to hold the ear- phone in pEace and also to wrap the receiver with, so it could be pinned to her shirt. Her coach ^ who lived nearby, showed up, and we proceeded to let Sheila run. In her very own tunnel, in the absolutely black abyss world of the blind, with only the voice of the person who held the microphone to guide her^ she ran.

Her best friend, Kim Novak, was asked to try as a controller for her. Because of their long friendship, we thought she would be good, but Kim got too excited and was unable to tell Sheila what

she had to know. Her coach then took over the micro- phone for the rest of the test that day. It soon became apparent that we had a real winner on our hands. This girl and her abilities are fantastic. t returned to my home and proceeded to rework all the external hookups, so the f^eiver could be placed in a sweatband. My wife made a pocket in the headband for the receiver. Another pocket was added later for a nicad battery, which was added for the competition runs. The placement of 2 antennas was necessary, as her body would null the signal when she was between the transmitter and receiving antennas* With the system pretty well completed and refined, I met with Sheila nearly every day for poctice. Because of our practice schedule^ I have become Sheila's controller. True, it

takes time, but what better way to develop a hobby into something positive?

This girl was so eager and trying so hard that she developed shin splints, which were extremely painful, but she kept on trying. We finally had to quit for a few days, so Sheila could recover, I found that if I asked her if she hurt, the answer was always **no," but if I watched her very closely, I could tell when she hurt. I had to watch her constantly, until she finally realized that she couldn't per- form when her legs were sore,

!t is still a real problem to keep her in the narrow space that is allowed on a track, but I am sure that the day will come when Sheila will keep in her lane, and she will come out in one of the first three placK, The amazing thing is the faith and trust this girl has to run down a track with

no more than someone telling her which way to gol We have all tried it at one time or another^ and the results of seeing another ham walking down the track blindfolded, with the radio for a guide, can sometimes be quite funny. When Sheila does it, running faster than any of us old men can, it is nothing short of amazing. She makes mistakes^ but don*t we all? They don't make her feel very good, but, with practicCp I am sure that she can do the things thai she wants, I don't think I can ever take this girl and her efforts as common* place or for granted. I con- stamly marvel ather abiliti^, and I will be forever fateful for the opportunity I have had to work so closely with her. The fact that amateur radio has had a hand in this project just makes my hobby that much better, ■

Rear view of the headband showing the pocket holding the receive' and battery and the placement of the audio tubes. The two wires coming down are the antennas.

Ron Kinton WBQMBZ making some adjustments on the Gonset Communicator til duritjg a practice session, with Sheiia standing next to him. The antenna is a 5/8 wat^e on 2m extended to % plane on 6m using aluminum foil for a ground plane. Works FB, 1:1 swr.

116

I

GTX-2flOT

(IncL 146.94 MHz)

*249"

Engineered and deslgnad for the quality cansolous 2-meter enthusiast

GTX-IT

s299«

Hand-Hetd 2-meter FM, 6-

channeU ^-5 watt^ hand- hei^ with factory- mstalfed tortB errcoder

GTX-I

Genave's GTX-200T offers the FM operator up to 100 chan- nel combinations incorporating IQJ MHz first IF and 455 MHz second IF for outstanding sensitivity, nftinimizing effects of adjacent channel interference.

ADDITIONAL FEATURES INCLUDE:

• 30 watts output power, nom. 25 watts min. @ 14 VDC input

• Separate controls for independent transmit and receive frequency selection

• Switch for iock-in of pre-selected frequency pairs allows one-knob operation

• Supersensitive dual-gate MOSFET in receiver head end.

• Blacklfghted for night operation

• Factory-installed, front panel mount 12 digit tone encoder

GTX-2

2-meter FM, 10 channels. 30 watts witti pushbut- ton frttiency seiettftr (IncL 14&.S4 MHz) ^^ A A05

2-meter FM^ 6- channei, 3.5 watts hand- heid

GTX-200

^mfiter FM. 1IYD cfiinnel combinations 30 watts (Incl. 146.34 MHz}

$189

$199

95

GTX-10-S

Jmeter f M, 10 cliMneis, 10 wHts (XI1I3 not ii- clMiei>

$14995

r

NAME.

AODflESS.

STATE a ZtP,

P-BvmHnt bvi D Certified Check /Money Order □ Personal Check □ C.CD. Include 30% Down

Note: Orders accompanied by personal ch^ecks wlM requfre about

two weeks to process.

20% Down Payment Enclosed, Charge Balance To;

HURRY! USE THIS HANDY ORDER FORM OR CALL COLLECT TODAY!

(317) 546-7959

D GTX tM $|49'5

afiTX2 Sfg995 n BTx-t $249'^

D GTX IT $299'^

4141 Kingman Dr, Indianapolis^ IN 46226 Phone-in orders accepted (317+546-1111)

.CHY.

-ftMATEL/R CALL

Accessorhs

A¥aUmblB

* NiCAd battery pack

* Charger for GTX-1 battery pack

• Leather carryingr case

• TEIII tone encoilerfor ayte patch

CHECK THESE

FEATURES:

• AIT metal case

• American made

• Accepts standard plu£*tn crystale

• Features 1D.T MH2 crystal filter

• Trimmer caps on TX and RX crystals

• 3.5 watts output « Battery holder

accepts A A regular, afkalina or nicad cells

• Mini hand-held measures 8'^ high X 2.e2S" witfaxl.SSr* deep

■ Rubber ducicy antenna,

• Wrist S3fety- carrying-strap Ineludftd

*6chaiiners « Factory-direct to you!

TONE ENCODER PAD

Pfug-in installatton on most amateur transceivers.

TE-II

$29"

TE4

$5995

D Mift laiipr kWH-l Bft 2-M Bisi Aitmni

D L»abit/4 2-M smf ff-IM Trvnl( Jbtttima

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$2995 $2995 $5995 $4995

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n BankAmerlcard #. O Master Charge #. □ Interbank #,

ExpFres E;(pires Expires

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Afi orders sh'tfiped post paid withif} continent ai U^$.

Add %A per l^adio for Shippmg. HandMne, and Crystal Netting,

ACCESSORIES FOR GTX-t and fiTX-lT D PSMt Optional Nicad battery pacl< ..„ *29'*

n PS-2 Charger for GIX-ltT) battery pack ....... '39'*

D GLC-1 Leather carrying case „ 12

D TE-II! Tone Encoder (for use with GTX4) .„ *49'*

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.,...Have you been thinking about a wonderful Florida vacation, to places such as Disney World, Cypress Gardens, Sea World, the famous East and

West coast beaches, and many of our other near by attractions??.^.

NOW, think about combining that vacation with one of the South's'

greatest Hamfes ts^ . . , ,

and the

FLORIDA STATE

AR

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CONVENTION

AT THE SHERATON'S TWIN TOWERS HOTEL & CONVENTION CENTER, ON S-435 NEAR THE CROSSROADS OF THE FLORIDA TURNPIKE AND 1-4 INTERCHANGE.

FEBRUARY 17-1819, 1978

DOORS OPEN... *6PM FRI. the 17th (Swapfest area only).

7AM SAT. the 18th, SAM SUN. the 19th.

ADMISSION, $3 Advance, $4 At the door. Ladies FREE, Children 14 and under FREE!!!

THOSE ADMITTED FREE MUST BE IN THE COMPANY OF A REGISTERED TICKET HOLDER AT THE DOOR.

MANY DOOR AWARDS

>^o%.

GIGANTIC SWAPFEST AREA

25,000 SQ.FT. OF AIR CONDITIONED INDOOR COMFORT.

SWAPFEST TABLES $5 PER TABLE PER DAY

oO^V^^

'''So

SATURDAY NIGHT BANQUET

$8 per person —Great speaker lineup.

RESERVE BANQUET TICKETS IN ADVANCE.LtMlTED QUANITY AVAILABLE.

FOR ADVANCE REGISTRATION, SWAPFEST AND BANQUET TICKETS

SEND CHECK PAYABLE TO: THE ORLANDO AMATEUR RADIO CLUB. INC.

HAMCATION CHAIRMAN, WB4HAK 6 CAMELLIA DRIVE

De BARY. FLORIDA 32713

All advance ticket sales will be confirmed by return mail, Last postmark for advance sales will be Feb. I2th 1978.

^■^^

FOR SHERATON TWIN TOWERS HOTEL RESERVATIONS, WRITE DIRECTLY TO; The Sheraton Towers, 5780 Major Blvd. Orlando, Fla. 32805. Sing. $28, Doub, $36 per day. Call toll free 1*800-325-3535, Mention that you are attending Hamfest Convention,

Ntf^^^q^

Sorry!!! City ordinance prohibits overnight camping (Rec. vehicles etc J on parking lots.

ORLANDO HAMCATION 78 ORLANDO HAMCATION 78 ORLANDO HAMCATION 78 ORLANDO HAMCATION

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Booinlng 25 watts output power @ 14v DC input

Separate controls for independent trans- mit and receive frequency selection

Switch for lock-in of pre-selected fre- quency pairs allows one-knob operation

Supersensitive dual-gate MOS FET in receiver head end

Backlighted for night operation

Factory-Installed, front panel mount 12 digitp alpha-numerrc tone encoder

GTX-200T

(incL 146.94 MHz)

'249"

Featuies Like These Make Genave The FM Transceiver For You?

The GTX-200T is only one of the superior 2-nieter transceivers in Genave*s complete line of American- made amateur radios.

All Genave gear is carefully handcrafted under the strictest quality control conditions in a facility in- spected and approved by an agency of the federal government for the production of precision aircraft navigation and communication equipment

And, all Genave amateur FM transceivers are an unprecedented value because you order factory direct eliminating middlemen profits!

Each Genave unit has 10,7 MHz first IF and 455 KHz second IF filters for high selectivity, with RF out- put stages VSWR protected. In addition, Genave units are unusually lightweight, with fully transis- torized integrated circuitry.

Standard features include netting trimmers for each transmit crystal and single circuit board designs which permit easy modifications.

So, take a good look at the GTX-200T and other Genave amateur gear. Then fill out the coupon be- low— better yet, call collect: 317-1-546-7959, today!

GTX-2

2 mster FM, JO Channels, 25 watts wil^ ;)U£hbuttQn frequen^ cy sslector (incl. 146.^ MHi)

D *189"

I I I

GTX-200

2 meter FM, IDO channel combiratians, 23 watts (lACl, 14fi.94 MHl)

□ $13995

GTX-200T

2 meter FM, 100 channeF combinations, factuiy-inst ailed front panel nDunt \t digit i\- pha-numeric tone encodsr.

n 5249'5

GTX-10S

t meter FM, 10 chanrtels^ la wstis ()(tals not in- cluded)

D »149"

GTX-1

D »249"

GTX-1T

D $299"

ttsnd-lieldj 2 meter fw, 6 cdannfi, 3-0 wattSt GTX-IT ttitft factofy in- stalled lone encofief.

4t4T Kin^an Ortrt Indianapolis, IK 4S22S Pliiie in orders accepted 317/546*1111

Name

Aifdriss

Cily

State & Zip

» Amateur Ca[l

□ Personal Check

Payment by: 0 Certified ChecK/f Money Order □ C.O^D. Include 20% down

Note; Orders accompanied by personal checks will require about

two weeks to process.

20% down payment enclosed. Charge balance to:

D BankAmericard #_ Q Master Charge #.

D Interbanik #^

Expires.

Expires.

Exptres.

IN residents add 4% sale^ tax:

All orders shipped post-paid within continental U.S.

Mi $4 per latfia for SfiippinE^ Handling & Zrf%t^\ ftetttni

r

ACCESSORIES

Q RiDgo Ranger ARX>2 fi db 2-M Base Antenna

□ lamMa/4 IM and 6'M Trunk Antenna „.

□ TI4 Tone Encoder Pad n TE^H Tone Encoder Pad

w^^^fl^^v^w^^wmm^»

$9S.95

.$23 J5

Q PS'1 Regulated AC Power Suppty for use with all makes of transceivers 14 VDC 7 amp „.

and the following stanifard crystals

@ $4.50 eacti ......

^..$59.95

■ ■■»■■ 11 If |i*B|fcB>fc ■ #^i-i aria

„...J.

NDn-standanf crystals @ $6-50 each: „..

ACCESSORIES FOR GTX-1 and GTX^IT

D PS MB Optional Nicad battery pack ......_...... ,„Mim

U PS*2 Charger for GTX-lfT) battery pack ^39.95

n ELC'I Leather carrying ease ^ ... .$12.95

D IE-Ill Tone Encoder (for use with GTX-I) .^.™.JHi.95

CB

-- part VI: antenna suggestions

Tom M. Murphy K5UKH Rt. If Box ZQIA Ethel MS 59067

One of the better things to happen to amateur radio lately is the availability

of lots and lots of low cost communications equipment — new and used Citizen's Band transceivers. These range from old tube types to modern solid state units.

Want to be cheap? )ust do as I did — find an old tube

photos by James Clegg

radio^ get it into operating shapej and convert it to 10 meters. I was given a Johnson Messenger 1 tube radio by a "good buddy'* who was all hung up on his latest 40- channel play-pretty. Well, sort of "given" , . . it cost me

fO Watts at 29M00MH2,

three beers and a quick radio repair job, A couple of tubes later (which I scrounged), I had it going great on CB channel 11, The radio was putting out 10 Watts AM into a wattmeter and dummy load.

That's one of the reasons most of the tube types were (and still are) so popular. They could be "tweaked'* for more output very easily. In this area, 29,000 MHz is coming into use for channel \f since there is really no established band plan For this equipment. Let the CW boys use 28 to 28.5^ of course; SSB has 28.5 to 29; and let the AM activity start at 29,000 through 29.290. That gives everyone a lot of room.

The 2 meter band Is get- ting more and more crowded. Onward and upward is the cry, but the cry I hear right now is my pocketbook. So, Iet*s fall back and regroup and have a whoie bunch of fun in the process. The John- son has a 5-channel capacity, a built-in ac power supply, and puts out 10 Watts with no problems. The conversion was about as simple as sticking a couple of crystals

in. You just have to tweak on the rf stages, both receive and transmit, for optimum perfor- mance at 29 instead of 27 MHz.

Checking with a number of good buddies in the area reveals a huge quantity of tube type radios. These are just ideal for conversion to 10 meters. I have a solid state rig converted to 10 in my truck, and it works like a champ. Having solid state for mobile and a cheap tube set for base us^ is the way to go. The people I want to talk to can now get me on 10 meters instead of 2. Because it's sparsely populated^ there's no problem like on 2, !t was hard to work SSB on HF without the 2 meter radio sounding off. So, this way, if DX is around, I can get a call or give one to alert the "good guys.*'

What about antennas? Well, there is a lot of "scrap'*

120

lying around. This scrap is good stuff, and it can usuafly be obtained for the asking. Tve seen many antennas whose only problems were that the fellows using them couldn't make them work, shorted PL-259, cut coax loo short, etc. The latter may be just fine for this use because that's what you have to do to go up in frequency, of course — generally cut off about 2 inches for 29 MHz.

The antennas for mobile use are of many types, ranging from cheapos to the expensive, high quality items. With base-loaded coils, ! just snip a couple of inches off the whip, rather than worrying about getting into the coil. Then there are the center-loaded types; again, take a couple inches off* On my truck I use a 4-foot, fiberglass, top-toad ed antenna (Radio Shack, new $9.95 with $4,95 mirror mount), which I got for no cost when one of the fellows was getting the swr down and trimmed it off too short. It started going up on him, and that was it; he had to scrap it and get a new antenna- That was fine with me; it*s going in my direction anyhow. There's a rubber tip over the end; remove it, and you will see the end of a wire. Carefully take your pocket- knife, fish the wire out, and trim. Of course, all the trim- ming is done while using the 10 meter radio in coni unction with an swr meter.

Then there's the full length 'Vhip/' 102 inches long^ plus a 4*inch spring and ball mount. If you like it "whipping** around, trim a couple and get talking. As you go down the street, you will come to know the height of tree branches above the street.

Seriously, there's a world of CB antennas out there just for the seeking, so put the old ham spirit to work and scrounge! Base station an* tennas are equally as easy to convert. ]ust a little trimming is all it takes. They range from the cheapies that have no gain (actually a loss com*

pared to dipole reference), to quartt^f wave, to the big, long ones, more than 1 9 feet, that have several dB of gain. Again, I have a preference as to type. I just don't like the big, long ones; they're hard to handle and sure do catch the wind. However, if it's cheap, the price is sure hard to beat, so that couid be the way to go. I use a compact antenna called the "Starduster," I believe il sells new for about $45.00. I spent a couple of hours helping with an an- tenna erection and inquired, "What are you going to do with that old antenna?'* I got it firee or, at least, as a reward for my help.

The advantage of a com- pact antenna is that it can be easily mounted on top of the HF or whatever beam with- out a lot of trouble, whereas the long ones would be just about impossible. Of course, the trimming takes place closer to the ground. I just put the antenna on a 20-foot mast to make adjustments, and it changes very tittle when I finally put it way up Ihere*

Beam antennas? Well,

there are uses, of course. Say there's one specific direction you want; you could convert and side mount the beam. The average CB beams are just loo big and unwieldy to be practical for our use, un- less they're on top of a tower, ^nd the chances are you al- ready have a good HF beam. I have a TH6DXX, and 4 working elements on 10 meters, which are enough for me. If it is difficult to make contact on the vertical polarized ground plane, then we just switch to horizontal on the existing HF beam. Also, the ground plane works very well in the omnidirec- tional pattern, to catch calls from mobiles that may be in any direction^ and, of course, band openings. With the ground plane, I can hear sta- tions that I would otherwise miss if I was using the beam and did not have it turned in their direction. The ground plane is up 85 feet, and the distances worked are amazing — base to base^ and base to mobile. If I want to talk to my good buddy 60 miles away, I iust ring his number (channel 1, 29.000 MHz), and

away we go.

There are all sorts of goodies to be found. I honestly believe that those fellows must buy PL-259s by the bushel. J ust scrounge, and you can come up with all sorts of radios, antennas, swr meters, coax, plugs^ con- nectors, microphones, power supplies, external speakers, coax switches, and a whole raft of stuff.

I'm looking forward to conversions of HTs to 10 meters. They sure can do everything a 2 meter unit can (using direct frequencies), and they're a whole bunch cheaper. It should be lots of fun for hidden transmitter hunts, and, when the band opens, I think it would be a real kick to talk from here to California on an NT! SSB CB radios have come down a lot in price for the 23-channel models, but are still fairly high, I believe they'll come down some more. How about a conversion to 29 MHz for 23 channels of AM, with switching to drop it to the 28.5 MHz region for SSB? It^s sure going to be fun. So, start scrounging! ■

Heavy 'duty rf section.

121

Paul Hurm WBBCLF

Box J 73

Seven Mile OH 4S062

CB to

-- part VII: convert a TRC-II

A lot of hams have been talking about cotv verting CB rigs for 10 meter use, Tve even seen band plans for use with converted synthesized rigs which retain the same spacing as the CB channels. If you would like to avoid the work needed to convert a synthesized rig, but still want to join the group on 10 AM, liy Radio Shack's Realistic TRC-1 1. It is a six- channel rig, which requires very little effort lo be put on 10.

Like most of us who have to watch our pennieSi 11 ike to be able to justify buying a new rig. The justification I needed grew out of the results of our first Red Cross simulated emergency test of 1977- Our drill went well, but, during the debriefing, it became apparent that, in a real emergency, our depen- dence on 2 meter FM simplex channels might lead to prob- lems. We sent three field teams out. Each team used a separate simplex frequency, either 46^ 52, or 94, for their

own communications. The field control stations also used our 146.37/97 repeater

for relay to Red Cross head- quarters.

Our later discussions pointed out that we should avoid 94, because it is a re- peater frequency and mutual interference could arise. 52 is a nationally recognized fre* quency and could be crowded 46 is set aside by the Ohio Area Repeater Council for statewide emer* gency use. All the frequencies we used had a potential for severe interference in the case of a real emergency, so we talked about possible alter- nate frequencies, 10 meter AM with a converted CB rig seemed like a natural.

Crystals

The TRC-1 1 is a crystal- controlled rig and uses separate crystals for transmit and receive. The transmitter uses fundamental frequency crystals. To transmit on 293 MHz, get one cut for 293,

The receiver is single con-

version with a 455 kHz inter- mediate frequency. The re- ceive crystal frequency is 455 kHz less than the frequency to be received. To receive on 293 MHz, get a crystal cut for 28345 MHz.

I ordered my set of crystals from International Crystal Mfg. Co, 10 N. Lee, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73102, They cost $7.90 each. It may be possible to get them for less elsewhere, but, in two separately mailed ordersj the crystals have been received within two weeks, so the service was worth any extra cost. Their catalog number for transmit crystals for the TRC-1 1 is 820308, For receive it is 8203097. Specify catalog number and crystal frequency when ordering, 1 suggest sending a check when you order — it will save time on processing your order, and International pays the shipping if you do.

Adjusting the Crystal Oscil- lators

Don*t! That*s right, you

don't need to do a thing to the oscillator circuits. They are broadband enou^ that they lake off with no prob- lems at 10 meters. Before I received my crystals, I wanted lo see if 1 would need to work on the oscillators. The only crystal I had was a spare for my Hcaihkit SB301 heterodyning chain, and it was at 29.895, which is above the 10 meter band. I did want to check it out, so I jumpered the crystal into the circuit and tried it into a dummy antenna. It worked with no trouble, so I was sure il would work in the band as well.

Tuning for Output Power

Tuning up for maximum output power on 10 meters is very simple. Before I retuned for 10, I wanted to check how much 1 was getting on CB channel 9, which comes with the rig. Before retuning, channel 9 had 3 Watts, and 293 MHz had about a quarter of a Watt, After retuning for 293 MHz, I had 3 Watts there and 1.5 on channel 9.

To peak the TRC-ll for 10 meters, simply adjust the settings of coils L5 and L6 for maximum output, as measured on a wattmeter. All coils are plainly marked on the printed circuit board. L5 and L6 are very near the coaxial connector, towards the left rear side of the unit.

That's all the work you need to do to get the TRC-1 1 going on 10 meters. Simple, isn't it? Although I have not tried it^ I believe the Realistic TRC*9A should con- vert just as easily as the TRC11. The TRC-9A is listed as the three-channel, economy version of the TRC-ll. It uses the same crystals, and ihe schematics are neariy identicak

Antennas

As I mentioned earlier, my major use for this rig is as an

alternate frequency for emer- gency use. I did not want to

122

put a permanent antenna on my car, so I iried Radio Shack's magnetic mount CB antenna, model 21*940, and found that it, too, is very simple to convert for 10 meter use*

The swr Is adjusted by decreasing the length of the whip, using the cut-and-try method. I physically shortened the length of the whip to about 73 cm. On my unit, minimum swr was ob- tained with 66,3 cm of the whip extending above the top

of the collar where the set* screw is located. I was able to get the swr down to 1 .2/1 ,

Results

During our second Red Cross drill, Ted White WASWQC and I tried identi- cal mobile setups using the TRC-n and model 21940 antenna. Our results indicated nearly 100 percent usability over a 5-miie path with several hills and numerous buildings. Ltne-of*5ight paths yielded good results at nearly

double this distance.

The only problem we en- countered was caused by the fact that I have a rather soft microphone voice. Using my usual voice gave poor results, because I was noti driving the modulator circuit hard enough. With a little self-coniiul, 1 find it is easy enou^ to speak a little louder and closer to the mike to overcome this problem*

If you are looking for a CB rig that is easy to convert for use on 10 meters, and don*t

want or need to convert a 23-Ghannel synthesized rig^ I suggest trying the Realistic TRGIL

No matter what type of rig you convert to 10, the model 21-940 magnetic antenna from Radio Shack is easily converted to fill your need for an antenna.

With such an easy way of getting on 10 meters AM with a converted CB rig available to you, you no longer have an excuse to miss the action. See you on 10! ■

With the addition of a ^ crystal time base to my digital clock, it began to keep time very accurately — to about a second a month. Unfortunately J my house seems to have more than its share of short power interrup- tions and blown fuses. An accurate clock is of no great use if it must be reset every few days. Power line inde- pendence is a necessity for electronic digital clocks.

None of the ideas on bat- tery power for clocks could be adapted to mine without cutting the foil on the printed circuit board In at least a couple of spots. Since I seem always to manage to slit my thumb along with the circuit board, I like to avoid this approach if at all possible.

The circuit in Fig< 1 should work for just about all clocks^ wilhout any modiflca- tic»i to their circuitry. It

amounts to connecting a bat- tery in series with a resistor across the output of the clock supply.

Rl serves two purposes. First, it limits the charging current supplied to the bat- tery while the clock is plugged in. Second, when power fails, it limits the dis* charge current to about S mA. This causes the clock LEDs to extinguish I and the clock runs with no readout, consuming very little power.

Depending on the clock, a different value for Rl may be needed, A little experimenta- tion will determine an appro- priate value. Closing SI will

Joseph W. Long WA2EJT 2406 Maria Blvd. Binghamton NY 1 3903

Battery Backup

for Digital Clocks

-- don't miss a second

allow the readouts to func- tion on battery powerj but the battery won't last long this way, so I used a mo men* tary contact push-button- Battery life seems to be very long in this circuit. After several months of **fleld test- ing,*' the battery tests as good as new* The trickle charge

current it draws seems to do no harm.

Upon power failure, my timebase slows down from 3579545 Hz to 357951 5 Hz. This is a change of about 10 parts per million and is equivalent to about 5 minutes per year, or less than one second per day. Most failures

CLOCK POWEfl SUPPLY 12 W OC

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last a few minutes or a few hours at most, so this drift is not really any problem. Regulating the voltage at the timebase could eliminate even this drift.

This kind of project is my favorite — it uses only three parts, total cost could not exceed two dollars, it requires no "mods" to existing equip- ment, it gives real improve- ment, and it can't fail to work! There is something awfully nice about pulling the plug on your digital clock, plugging it in again and seeing it still displaying the correct time- ■

123

DENTRON MT-3000A antenna tuner

The IVIT-3000A is Oentron's "ultimate tuner" Tunes 3 coax, random wii*e and balanced feed system, just select the one. Handles in excess of 3KW PEP. BuiH-in 50 ohm - 250W dummy load. Dual watt meters. 3 core heavy-duty Balun.

349.50 list price Call for quote.

DENTRON 160-10AT sqper tuner

The only tuner for 160-10 meters that accepts all feed lines at 500 W DC - 1 KW pep Has extra heavy-duty ceramic inductor switch. Continuous tuning: 1.8 to 30 MHz. Tunes unballanc^d coax, random wire, or balanced feeders.

129.50 list price. Call for quote.

MFJ 16010-ST antenna tuner

Matches everything from 160 thru 10 meters; dipoies^ inverted vees. ran- dom wires, verticals, mobile whips, beams, balance Eines. and coax Hnes. Up to 200 watts RF output. Buill-m balun. A wide range, 12 position variable inductor is the 16010-STs secret-

69*95 Call for yours today.

MFJ 16010

antenna tuner

All band Operation, 160 thru 10 meters, with a simple random wire. Works with most transceivers, 200 W RF output. Has same 1 2 position variable mduclor as the 1601 0-ST. Pocket-siied: 23/16^' X 31/C* X 4". Perfect for DX-peditions or Field Day.

39.95 Gall for yours today.

DRAKE MN-;

rnatching network

MN-^OOO features: • Frequency cov0ragp:3.5to4.OMHz,7.Oto7.3MHz 14.0 to 1435 MHz. 210 to 21.45 MHz, 28,0 to 29.7 MHz • Input impedance: 50 ohms resistive • Insertion loss: 0.5 dB or less • Watt meter accuracy: ±5% of reading • 1000 watts RF continuous, 2000 W PEP

250*00 list price. Call for quote.

DRAKE MN-4

matching network

The MN-4 has the same features as the MN-20Q0. except its power capability is 200 watts RF continuous Both enable feedllne SWRs of 5:1 to be matched to the transmitter Suill-m RF watt meter give accurate & continuous po^fpr measurement

120*00 list price. Call for quote.

Remember, you can call TOLL-FREE: 1-800-633-3410 in U.S.A. or call 1-800-292-8668 in Alabama for our low price quote. Store hours: 9:00 AM til 5:30 PM, Monday thru Friday.

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124

©«.©©€>■

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MFJ 8043 IC

deluxe keyer

8043 IC features: • 4-way sendmg: iambic, automatic, semi-auto. & manual • Iambic squeeze key opera- tion • Semi-auto "bug" operation provides auto dots & manual dashes • Dot memory: seft-compjetmg dots & dashes* Totally RF proof • Solid-state keying • Weight & tone control • Op- tional squeeze key shown: only 29.95

69.96 Call for yours today.

MFJ 8043

CMOS keyer

Features: • Budt-ln key w/adjustable contact travel • Dot memory • Iambic operation w/external squeeze key

• Jam proof spacing • Variable weight control • 8 to 50 WPM • Sidetone & speaker w/adjustable volume & tone

• Ultra reliable solid-slate keying.

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TEN-TEC

KR-50 electronic keyer

KR-50 specs: • Speed range: 6-50 WPM • Weighting ratio range: 50% to 150% of classic dit length • Memories: Dit 3n dah with individual defeat switches • Paddle actuation force: 5 to 50 grams * Power source: 117 VAC • Side-tone: 500 Hz tone

1 10.00 lis! price, CaJl for quote.

TEN-TEC

KR-20A electronic keyer

KR-20A • Keyed output: reed refay, 15 volt-amp contacts. 400 volts, max. • Speed range; 6 to 50 WPM • Time base; keyed to start with paddle actua- tion • Character generation; self com- pleting dits & dahs • Weighting: Dit length increased approx. 10% at 20 WPM

6 T »50 Calf for yours today.

TEN-TEC

KR*5A electronic keyer

Similar to KR-20A but without side- tone oscillator or AC power supply. Ideal for portable, mobile, or fixed sta- tion, Housed in an attractive case with aluminum front, with black textured top & sides. 6 to 14 VDO operation.

38«50 Call for yours today.

NYE VIKING SSK-1-K keyer

Features • Long, w/ adjust able spn tact spacmg • Ex silver contacts • speaker • On-Off control • Polarity change from posi ing.

98-00 list price. Call for quote.

fomn-fitting paddles ng tension and con- tra-large gold plated ^ Audio oscillator &

vol. switch • Speed switch allows instant tive to negative key-

Remember, you can call TOLL-FREE: 1-800-633-3410 in U.S.A. or call 1-800-292-8668 in

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125

■^

NPC 109R

power supply

The 109R is 25 amp regulated. 4-way protected. Other features: • Output voftage and current meters • All solid- state • Output voltage: 13,6 ±.2 VDC. typica* to 13.6 ±3 VDC. max. • Line/ioad reg,: 50mV, typica! to lOOmV, max. • Rippie/noise:5mVRMS to lOmV RMS.

149.95 list price. Call for quote.

NPC 108RM

power supply

The 108RM is 12 amp regulated, 3- way protected. Also: • All solid-state • Current meter • Output voltage: 13.6±^ VDC. typical to 13.6 ±.3 700, max • Line/load reg.: 20m V, typical to 50m V, max. • Ripple/noise: 2mV RMS to 5mV RMS.

99.95 list price. Call for quote.

r * ^^

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MEGULAVKO »

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NPC 104R

power supply

104R is 6 amp regulated, dual overload protected. Features: • Output voltage: 13-6 ±.2 VDC, typical to 13.6 ±.3 VDC. max. • Line/toad reg 20mV, typical to 50mV. max. • Ripple/noise: 2mV RMS to SmSf RMS • Excellent DC stabihty • Trickle-charge 12V auto batteries*

49.95 Call for yours today.

ESI POS-1220Z power supply

This one really workaf • 13.8 VDC regulated power suppty • Current rating: 20 amps continuous. 30 amps surge • Fuse protected • LED power indicator • ON/OFF switch on fror\t panel. This unit will power a TR-7400A AND a KLM 160 watt 2m amplifierf

69.96 Call for yours today.

DRAKE AC^4 power supply

The AC-4 power supply works with all Drake 4-tine transceivers and transmitters- Fits inside the MS-4 speaker cabinet, • Input: 120 or 240 VAC • Output: 650 VDC at 300 mA average. 500 mA peak, also: 12.6 VAC at 5.5 amps. Just what you need to complete your Drake station!

150*00 list price, Call for quote.

TEN-TEC

252G power supply

The 252G power supply Is fully voftage regulated and solid-slate to provide highly stable, pure DC from commer- cfat mains. Instantaneous overload protection circuit prevents damage caused by excessive current drain. Reset by momentary turn-oH,

99.00 ijst price. Call for quota

Remember, you can call TOLL-FREE: 1-800-633-3410 in U.S.A. or call 1-800-292-8668 in Alabama for our low price quote. Store hours: 9:00 AM til 5:30 PM, Monday thru Friday.

BanmAmeriuro

Longs Electronics

L0

MAIL ORDERS; P O. BOX 11347 BJRMIMGHAM. AL 35202 • STREET ADDRESS 2808 7TH AVENUE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA 35^33

126

DENTRON'S NEW

Big Dummy Load

Now you can tune-up off the air wfth Dentron's Big Dummy Load. A fui power dummy load, it has a flat SWR. fuH frequency coverage from 1,8 to 300 MHz and a high grade industrial cool- ing oil furnished with the unit Built to last! Fulty assembled and warrant ied. Help cut out the QRM factor now!

29.50 Call for yours today.

The model 43 features: • 50 ohms nominal impedance • VSWR insertion with N conneclors: 1.05 max, •Ac- curacy; pius or minus 5% full scale • Shock mounted 30 microamp meter has 3 expanded scafes of 25, 50 & 1 00 to permit direct reading of full scale power from 100 miHiwatts to 10.000 watts.

1 20.00 Call for yours today.

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COVER

CRAFT

vinyl dust covers

Cover Craft dust covers are designed to fit your equipment I ike a glove. Made of tough, high quality, clear vinyl plastic with a "pearl ized" texture finish. AM seams are machine stitched for maximum strength. Remember, keep your equipment clean and it will need less maintenance and bring you more at trade-in time. We carry covers for Kenwood, Yaesu, ICOM. Drake, Ten- Tec, CDE, and Dentron.

3.95 Some larger Slies, 4.95.

MFJ

digital station clock

This LED. soJid-state clock is perfect for your station. Has large digits {over Vi" high). Separate AM or PM m* dicators that blink at a 1 Hz rate if power goes off momentarily. Gives you an ID buzz every 9 minutes for up to 1 hour. Handsome buff color w)th black face looks good anywhere. Fully assembled.

19.95 Call for yours today.

DRAKE RCS-4

remote coax switch

• Remotely selects one of 5 antennas

• Grounds alJ unused antennas

• Grounds ail antennas in the GND position for lightning protection • SO- 239 connectors provided fof main coax feed-line and mdividual antenna feed- lines • Handles 2000 watts PEP

• Available in 120 VAC or 240 VAC versions.

120.00 list price, Call for quote.

Remember you cafi call TOLL-FREE: 1-800-633-3410 in U.S.A. or call 1-80D-292-8668 in Alabama for our low price quote. Store hours: 9:00 AM til 5:30 PM, Monday thru Friday.

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TEMPEST LCT-905 AC/DC cassette player

The perfect machine for the Ham who wants to improve his code speed. Just put in a code tape (see listings on this page) and tisteo. • 100% solid-state

• Rotary knob operation ♦ Complete with batteries, earphone, and AC cord

• 6 VOC jack.

24.95 Call for yours today.

PANASONIC RQ^312S recorder, VC-12 album, & 1 0 C-60 cassettes

This package is just what you need for code practice or making station recor- dings. The RQ'312S is a full feature AC/DC recorder complete with batteries, built-in mike, ar^d AC cord: The VC-12 album wili store up to 12 cassettes. We give you lO C-60 cassettes as a starter. All this for the recorder's price alone!

49.95 Call for yours today.

TUNE IN THE WORLD WITH HAM RADIO

This nifty package wJtl completely In- troduce you to Ham Radio. The book will show you how to pass your Novice exam and set up your first station. The code tape provides the necessary in- struction m Morse Code, All con- sidered, a great introduction to Ham Radio.

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Novice

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You'ff be amazed how easy it is to learn the theory when you listen to these tapes. Three tapes cover all Novice Theory and one has questions and answers from the latest Novice exams. You can listen in your spare time and breeze thru the exam,

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73 end

AMECO

code practice tapes

73's "Blitz" code practice tapes will more than prepare you for any FCC exam. Avatlable in tour speeds: 5, 6, 13. & 20 WPM. One tape for each speed, one hour each,

4.95 each, all four: 15.95,

AMECO's code practice tapes: Junior Code Course, 0 to 8 WPM; Advanced Code Course, 8!^ to 18 WPM: Bctra Class Code Course. 13 to 22 WPM. Instruction booklet included with each course.

4.95 each. Call for yours today.

Rememben you can call TOLL-FREE: 1-800-633-3410 in U.S.A. or call 1-800-292-8668 in Alabama for our low price quote. Store hours: 9:00 AM til 5:30 PM, Monday thru Friday.

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Get the HAM RADIO BOOK you need today! No watting. Every listing below is in stock. Call Toll Free: 1-800-633-3410 today.

ARRL Publications

Understanding Amateur Radio (NEW) , , . .

Hints and Kinks , ,

Specialized Communications Techniques FM and Repeaters (for the Radio Amateur) Single Sideband (for the Radio Amateur} . The Radio Amateur*s VHF Manual , , .

A Course in Radio Fundamentals

Learning the Radiotelegraph Code , . , The Radio Amateur's License Manual Solid-State Design for the Radio Amateur Tune-in the World with Ham Radio . . The Radio Amateur's Handbook • * —

ARRL Code Kit ....,

ARRL Antenna Book ,

ARRL Electronics Data Book ,

ARRL Ham Radio Operating Guide . . Learning to Work with Integrated Circuits Getting to Know OSCAR from the Ground ARRL Prefix Map of the World

Amateur Radio Station Log

Amateur Radio Mini Log .

Up

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73 Publications

Amateur Radio Novice Class Study Guide

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129

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Roll Your Own QSL Cards

-- originality for rare ones!

The QSL card is as old as amateur radio itself, and cards are as varied as the

operators and the gear they

use. This article describes a method of photographically home brewing cards that stand out from the pack and

are very suitable for that special contact. They also might winkle out that card from the rare DX station.

The technique is simple. Ordinary darkroom equip- ment is all that you need. The process is based on *1ith" and

o

w

e s

t o

I

g3wdi

i^

Photo t

Photo 2.

130

Photo 3,

Photo 4.

"line*' film, together with lith developer* Advertisements in the photographic press should provide the names of suitable suppliers of these materials. Lith film is very contrasty and produces pictures in two tones — blaclc and white. Greys on the original picture are thus rendered black or white^ according to their density.

A suitable photograph for a QSL card is taken or selec- ted from the negative file. In my case, a photo showing my shack and "antenna farm'* was selected. As a normal print this had been less than successful, and it was in the reject file. However, it was most suitable to experiment with. A print of suitable size for a QSL card was made from this negative on a sheet of lith film- The result, after processing and drying {careful use of a hair dryer speeds up

the drving)j was a targe black and white transparency (Photo 1). Using self-adhesive letters, the callsign and other details were added to the picture. In my case^ a strip had been masked on the left- hand side for this purpose. A contact negative was then produced on a sheet of line film, and the result is shown in Photo 2.

The negative and positive

transparencies are now taped together, slightly out of register, and printed onto a sheet of lith film. The result is shown in Photo 3,

A negative is then produced from this print* Using either the positive or negative, prints are now made onto normal photographic paper for use as QSL cards (Photo 4). In my case, the prints were stuck onto a card, and QSL information was

written on the back, since writing directly on the back of photographs is difficult.

Some control over the finished picture can be ex- ercised during the processing — unwanted detail can be blacked out or scratched in. The six over six in my picture was scratched in with a pin, when it disappeared into the sky during processing.

This process of tone sepa- ration can be used with filters and colored paper lo produce exotic, if expensive, QSLs. At G3WD1 these cards will be reserved for special contacts. My first 2m contact with the USA will certainly receive one, while G8HRF in the next block may not! I will watch my incoming QSLs with interest, ■

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Pete Carr WB3BQ0 329 Utile Ave. Ridqway PA 1 5553

Glide On Six

-- radio control primer

Radio-controlled model sailplanes and the six meter band were made for each other. We alt know how quiet the activity has been on six since the dip in the sun- spot cycle has chased all the good DX away. Well, when your twelve-foot-span saiJ* plane is just a dot on the distant horizon, and the rf link that wilt guide it back home is only 750 milliwatts into a crude rod type an- tenna, you can appreciate all

that peace and quiet. While other types of flying models use radio control guidance, none test the range of the equipment and the vision of the pilot like sailplanes. These planes depend on the rising air currents which drift down- wind to sustain them, and they must follow these currents to gain attitude. This results in flights that roam alt over the sky in search of lift and gently circling climbs to heights of several thousand

A modified Wiftdnfter saiipiane with transparent yellow pimtic covermg to show off interml cmftsmanship. Span is 99 inches.

feet before a landing in the grass at the pilot's feet.

In addition to pleasant Sunday afternoons at the (oca! meadow flying for fun and practice, the coming of summer brings the contest season, with trips to places like Harris Hill near Etmira, New York, and the rolling fields of York, Pa. There, contestants numbering over 100 pilots and their planes gather to see who can stay aJoft ten minutes precisely, and then land in a fifty-foot diameter circle for additional points. The majority of these planes are guided by four meter R/C rigs on 72 MHz, requiring a Class C CB license. But since there are only 7 channels authorized for R/C use, much time is wasted waiting for your particular channel to be clear. With 6 to 10 pilots on your channel, the wait can be a long one.

The equipment functions by digital pulse coding of the transmit carrier consisting of a clock pulse and additional data pulses, each of which controls a specific aircraft guidance function. The superhet receiver detects the pulse train and passes it to the decoder, which divides up the various data pulses and

distributes them to the servo- motors, A pulse width comparison circuit in each servo determines where the servo output arm is in re- lation to where the incoming pulse says the the pilot wants it to be. The error voltage is fed to a small dc motor which moves the output arm and a small potentiometer until the error disappears. There is one servo each to control the rudder, elevator, spoilers, and captive lowhook on the air- craft. Power for operation is supplied by AA size nicads in both transmitter and airborne system, with a usable dura- lion of three hours or so.

An interfering frequency has the effect of lengthening the data pulses fed to the servos, causing them to run to one end of the output arm and spiral the aircraft into the ground. Loss of radio contact generally has the same effectj in that the receiver age cranks the t-f strip gains wide open and random noise triggers the servos, all of which used to occur with great regularity when the rigs were on II meter CB. Although the S frequencies there were not shared with *>hone ops," the close proximity and large difference in power levels made those channels urh usable.

The resulting crowding in the four meter band has re- sulted in pressure on the FCC to create a special code-free R/C controller's license class which would allow the pilots of planes, cars, and boats to pursue the hobby with re- liable guidance systems. When one considers the damage or injury which could result from the crash of an aircraft welghir^ four to twelve pounds diving to earth at a hundred miles per hour, it's easy to see why modelers and R/C equipment manufac- turers are pushing for space on six meters.

The majority of modelers arc like most CBers, in that their interest is in using the ri^p not working on them. There are many, however, who would make fine

134

A "HhPro** sailplane with molded fuselage and rudder. Wings fmve targe mailable flaps to change the airfoil and aircraft speed.

amateurs, given some en- couragement from local hams. These Class C CBers already have a good record of compliance with FCC rules; indeed, pilots must show their licenses in order to fly in contests. These pilots would find that, in addition to reliable mode! control, there are some other, rather in- teresting things which the ticket offers. All they need is a little push in the right

direction. And in case you think that big numbers are important, there are over 61,000 members of the Academy of Model Aero- nautics, and 3 out of 4 of them fly Radio Control. It would make a significanl increase to the amateur ranks if this resource could be tapped.

Which brings us back to that open field in the sun- shine and the sailplane flirting

An all molded plastic and fiberglass model of a KA-6 sailplane. Span is J0J6 feet^ weight Is nearly 12 pounds - ready to fly*

with the puffy white clouds. The confidence that a ham rig gives to the sport of glider flying contributes in large part to the pleasure these birds have to give. To see your own creation so at home in the sky while it obeys the smallest movement of your hands makes all the code practice and radio theory sessions worthwhile. And at day's end| when it's time to key up the local repeater for some friendly ragchew^ there

is no end of ways to work models and flying and infinite descriptions of launches and landings into the conver- sation.

The next time youVe driving down the road and see someone out in a field flying his plane, stop and say hello. He may be a four meter pilot who might like to be a ham or a ham who might give you some stick time on his latest creation. Either way, you can't lose! ■

Dave Gray of Etmlra^ the contest director, ready to taunch his

Hobie Hawk giiden This plane Is sold through the Heathklt catalog.

Dave Lear WA2ERM throws his Pierce Paragon sailplane off the slope at Harris Hill The horizon is over 8 miles away and the temperature that day was plus 16 degrees.

135

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More IC-22S

-- add a programming switch

I have found the following modification of the loom 22S to perform in an entirely satSsfactory manner, and to add considerably to the practical capabilities of this machine. As you who already own one know, all of the possible frequencies may be obtained by ytitizing various combinations of diodes soldered into the

programming board. It follows naturally that, if one could switch in various com- binations at will/ then all of the capabitities would be possible.

The first problem was where to put such a switch, so that it could be always available and wouldn't be dangling on a cable some- where. You will see in Photo

A where I chose to place this switch. I chose a small, 8-position SPST rocker switch made by AMP Special Industries, This switch plugs into a regular 16-pin IC

socket. I bought two of the switches because, should a switch fait with use, 1 might not be able to find an exact duplicate later.

Photo B shows a detail of the switch in place^ plugged into a 16-pin IC socket which is mounted on a small piece of 10 x 10 perfboard. The perfboard is supported on two arms, which extend from the small aluminum bracket plate. My aluminum bracket was cut from a junk box - extruded aluminum T-section. A bracket made from any piece of metal would serve just as welL

A look at Photo C shows the bottom of the transceiver with the 8 hookup wires soldered into position 13, in my case. However, you can use any channel or switch position you choose.

There is a ninth wire required, which is attached to the common channel position you may choose, and which goes down to the new switch common bus.

In Photo D, the hookup cables have been pushed aside to expose the underside of the bracket^ perfboard, socket, and switch combina- tion. Here you will note that

Photos by Dale Andrews

BOtTW or Ifr PM-i SPST TOfl«-E TY1»€ DIP S«NT1CN

3W(TCH m^ * r TO a-

LtFt TO 5

HiaiT

BAHDED CATHOQE

^TH WIRE- COMMON BUS TO SELECTED CHANNEL.

fi WINE n.tLT Ci&.l

OlOOe HATRtK

W. ^ ^M \6^^'

WtHES TO

CHANUeL 3WrTCH

Photo A

Fig, I. A poriiOF} of the diode matrix program board. The 8-wire cable Is attached to channel 21, with the ninth wire connect i if g the new switch assembly common bus to the program board channel 2 J common bus. Note thai your dip switches will probably be numbered from ! to S, Thus, no. I switch will attach to no, DO program board hole^ no. 2 switch to no, DJ program board hole^ eta Thus, when setting up frequency, you must remember to call no, T switch DO, no, 2 switch DIf eta As you can see^ this arrangement allows you to switch in any combination of diodes on your selected channel.

138

a common bare wire was bent and installed between the two rows of socket pins* The bent-down ends of this wire were epoxied to the perf- board. Eight diodes were installed, with the cathode (banded) ends going to each of the eight socket positions on the right, the anode ends going to the comnnon bus wire, and, you can also see, the ninth wire, mentioned above, attached to the com- mon bus. The eight wires going to the program board are attached, one to each socket pin in the left-hand run. Be sure to identify the wire for installation in the proper holes of the program- ming board.

Construction Hints

The bracket, IC socket, switch, bus bar, diodes, and wiring were all constructed outside the cabinet. The switches, diodes, and wires were all tested for continuity before installation.

The entire bracket assem* bty was then installed and epoxied to the circuit board and transformer can, as shown in Photo B. Note thai this assembly was positioned far enough to the left of the machine, or towards the top of Photo Bj to allow access to the meter pilot light* The perf board is also epoxied to the bracket arms. The socket itself is held by the solder on its pins below.

The bracket must be so sized as to position the top of the body of the switch level with the underside of the transceiver cover plate, allow- ing the rockers to extend into the opening. After the switch was in place, with careful measuring, a rectangularly- shaped hole was cut tn the cover plate. This hole was filed to size, and, as you see in Photo A, I touched up the raw metal edges with paint and used bright red tape to set it off,

I hope, with the above

description and accompany- ing photos, that you will be able to install a similar im- provement on your Icom 22S and will enjoy using it as much as I have. Of course^ I

recommend installing diodes permanently for those chan* nels you use frequently, but this little pdget will get you into all the others when you want to. ■

Photo C

i

Photo B.

Photo a

139

7S Ma^zine Staff

Amplitude vs.

Frequency

-- poor man's spectrum analyzer

Anyone who has used a spectrum analyzer for checking the frequency re- sponse of audio or rf fiiters quickly appreciates its great convenience. Filler values can be changed, and you note instantly the effect upon the selectivity, the change in cut- off frequencies, etc. But, even when using a $12,000 profes- sional instrument, you often find it desirable to switch it into a manual scan mode. In this mode, you turn a single

knob, which varies the fre- quency being fed into a filter under test and simultaneously moves the spectrum analyzer display along its horizontal (frequency) axis. So, as you manuaity turn the knob, you can note, at any given fre- quency, the displayed ampli- tude, or, conversely J you can look for changes in amplitude and note at what frequency they occur.

The manual scan feature on professional instruments

was the idea responsible for the simple adapter described in this article. This adapter uses a signal generator and oscilloscope combination. It will not turn them into any- thing near the equal of a $12,000 instrument, but it does provide an extremely useful method to develop a simplified amplitude versus frequency display on an osciU loscope.

The idea is to turn off the horizontal sweep on the oscil-

loscope and use an external voltage to move the trace horizontally, at the same time tfiat the frequency being fed into the circuit under test is varied. Fig. 1 presents the main idea. If you can simul- taneously use one hand to rotate the frequency control knob on the signal generator, and the other hand to rotate the potentiometer connected to the battery, an amplitude versus frequency display is created. Stopping at any given point, you can te^^^ porarily use paper tape on the oscilloscope face to mark down the frequency, and thus calibrate the horizontal fre- quency line on the oscillo- scope-

In practice, you need to add a feature to the signal generator so it provides the horizontal control voltage — in order to make the scheme a practical reality, as only one knob is rotated. The practical details for accomplishing this depend upon the equipment being used.

For instance, one setup on which this scheme was tried utilized a 3" scope and a Southwest Technical Prod- ucts function generator. The

horizontal sweep was switched to "external/' and the horizontal position con- trol used to move the dot on the oscilloscope screen to the extreme left. Then, by applying a variable dc voltage to the external horizontal in- put terminals, it was deter- mined that the voltage had to vary from 1 to 9 volts to move the dot completely across the screen. The func- tion generator uses a single

GENtRATOfl

O

ClftCUlT TEST

"• VERT _ 1*1

VJ

Fig, 7. Basic idea for setting up a manual scan system with a signal generator and an oscilloscope.

9V

,ilK

ON SC0F»6

Ct^NTROl, POT IN QENERATOn

Fig, 2 This simple adapter circuit can be added to an audio-type generator whidi uses a potentiometer for its frequency control element.

140

10k potentiometer as a fre- quency control- This poten- tiometer was replaced by a dual 10k unitj as shown In Fig. 2. The two 1 k PC poten- liometers simply allow trimming up of the voltage range covered by the 10k potentiometeri so the dot on the oscilloscope screen moves exactly from extreme left to extreme right, as the gen- erator is turned through one frequency range,

A similar scheme can be applied to other generators, even those using a variable capacitor as a frequency con- trol element. The only prob- lem which must be solved in each individual case is the mechanical coupling of a potentiometer to the shaft of the frequency control ele- ment in the generator.

You could add further re* fjnemcnts to the basic idea, depending upon need and the

specific equipment involved. For tnsLtince, it might be desired to scan across the

oscilloscope screen, as the signal generator is only tuned across a narrow part of its frequency coverage on a given band, A higher dc voltage to the control potentiometer will allow the potentiometer to sweep across the required voltage range over less of its rotational range. A better solution is to make the con- irol potentiometer pari of a resistive Wheatstone bridge. The bridge can be balanced at any given point, as the corh tro! potentiometer is rotated, and the scan across the oscil- loscope screen is started at that point. A typical circuit is shown in Fig, 3. Further- more, by making the dc volt- age to the bridge variable, you could expand or con- strict the width of the scan. An ultimate embellishment might be to add a variable gain, dc voltage amplifier to the output of the bridge cir- cuit The display, which you see on the screen as a circuit is tested, will be a vertical line, changing in amplitude

9

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1 '

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ON SCOPE

Fig, 3, Bridge circuit to al/ow better control over setting point on signal generator scale v%'here scanning starts across oscillo- scope.

both above and below the center line on the oscillo- scope as it moves across the oscilloscope screen. You can adjust the vertical position control on the oscilloscope, so only the top ''half" of the display shows. This does get a bit closer to a real spectrum analyzer display. But, de- pending upon the circuit under test, it may hide nega- tive peak clipping taking place in a circuit

You should neither over- estimate nor underestimate the usefulness of this adapter.

tt displays only a simple plot of amplitude versus fre- quency for a circuit under test. Many other things, such as phase shifts, might be taking place in the circuit which you would not be aware of. Nevertheless, for someone who Irkes to experi- ment or needs to adjust simple tuned circuits or filters, thfs simple adapter will give you a little and very useful hint of what life would be like with a $12,000 Hewlett- Packard spectru m analyzer on your bench. ■

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A 14

141

Dexter S. French, Jr^ K4TSY 142 Stoney Ridge Dr. Longwood FL 32750

How About

An Auto CQ ?

-- generate some lOm activity!

How many times have you tuned across 10 meters and wondered if it was really dead? I used to sit down and call CQ for a while, until 1 got tired of it or else got hoarse. Wouldn't it be nice if I could call CQ auto- matically? Then 1 could spend the time more con" structively^ and I iust might beat a hole in the band!

I could use a tape and operate VOX\ but this would be plagued by nuisance tripping as I shuffled papers or stumbled around the shack. No - I must have a more sophisticated solution! And so was born the tone- actuated, tape-driven auto

CQer described below.

Certain requirements for this magic machine were immediately set forth:

1 . The device must be immune to ambient noise,

2. Any tone used must not be transmitted*

3. The circuitry must include capability to make the control tape. 4* The automatic operation must be easy to cancel .

To make all this happen, the block diagram shown in Fig. 1 shows briefly how the auto CQer works. A tone on the tape is detected and clocks a flip-flop- The flip-

A2

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7*t Lt>MPAflATOft

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PTT

F/g. J.

flop, in turn, drives a relay to activate the PTT line in the transmitter, A 4 kHz tone was chosen because it falls about an octave above the bandpass of SSB transceivers available today and, thus, is not transmitted. The tone from the tape on playback Is first applied to an active filter, A\, whose narrow bandpass is centered on 4 kHz. The output of this filter is rectified by CRT and averaged by C2. The resulting dc voltage is fed to com- parator A2, whose output clocks the 948 flip-flop for on-off control of the PTT line.

The result of this is that the state of the 948 is changed only when a tone is detected. The transmitter Is thus protected from nuisance tripping.

Basics

The circuit shown in Fig, 2

has two modes of operation, The first develops the tone and mixes it with the micro- phone audio to be recorded. The second mode^ playback, detects the tone from the playback audio^ as outlined above, and activates a flip* flop to control the trans- mitter.

In the record mode, the 555 tone generator develops a 4 kHz square wave. This is keyed by unshorting the timing capacitor, CI , with SI . The square wave is fed to an active filter Al. This 4 kHz active bandpass filter provides a clean sinusoid to mix with the voice audio for the recording.

In the playback mode, the audio from the recorder is fed into the active filter, and the tone IS separated and de* tected- The rectifier/filter on the output of Al also inte- grates or sums the tone. This means that the tone must be detected and remain so for a certain minimum time. After about a second or so (de- pending upon the playback amplitude of the tone), the reference threshold of the second 741 (A2) is reached, and, acting as a comparator, it flips from a high (+) to a low (^) output voltage. This voltage ciocks the flip-flop to its opposite state. The output of the 948 drives the tran- sistor, which in turn activates a small relay to key the trans- mitter PTT line- To prevent audio feed* through to the transceiver speaker, the audio to the mike jack is shorted to ground by C3 when Q2 con- ducts during receive- This short Is released in transmit to pass audio on to the mike jack on the transmitter. The normally open side of SI serves to reset the 948 flip- flop, just In case the PTT line gets stuck in transmit, S2 shifts audio control from the auto CQer to the station microphone. Just remember to operate S2 when you answer someone!

Building It

I built the circuit on

142

vector board, and the layout h not critical at all. However, I have foiind that if the part locations follow the way the schematic is drawn, it is a lot easier to troubleshoot taier on. In addition, inputs and outputs fall to the edges of the board more readily,

A word about parts: The 741 operational amplifier was chosen for its ease of use and procurement, TTie 948 flip- flop, though an old DTL de- vice, is hard to beat at 20^ from James Electronics.

Care and Feeding

My audio input is from a compressor which puts out .25 volts p-p. The mixing resistors are set to divide this audio down to the proper level for the recorder input. The same goes for the tone leveU It may be necessary to adjust R2 so as not to over- drive the tape recorder. The speaker output of the tape recorder feeds the audio to Al* The audio level at the output of Al determines if, or at what time delay, the comparator, A2p switches. A tittle experimentation may be necessary here to determine the required audio output level for a one or two second delay. This delay provides further noise immunity. If a scope is available, 2.5 V p*p at Al is sufficient. Any more output volume than that may well overload and distort the voice audio into the trans- mitter.

Set the tone frequency by measuring the dc voltage on C2. Use a VTVM or other high impedance voltmeter, and adjust the value of Rl for maximum deflection. The response is slow, so wait for the voltage to stabilize. The voltage should be greater than about 0.4 volts dc for the comparator to operate.

The comparator has positive feedback around it to provide a noise margin of 90 mV, which results from the hysteresis. This means that with a threshold of, say^ 0.4 volts, the input voltage must get to 0.445 V {0.4 + .09/2)

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before the output changes state. The reverse is also true. If the input starts above 0.445 volts, it must fall below 0.355 volts (0.4 - .09/2) for the output to change*

A word of caution in sub- stituting parts: The 948 flip- flop clocks at a threshold voltage and is, therefore, not dependent on the rise and fall times of its clock signal A J K TTL flip-flop like the 7473 should be clocked with a fall time of, at most, 30 ns. The output slue rate of the 741 is much too slow at 30 ^s- The transistors, on the other hand, can be any common NPN, The 2N2222 is a good choice because of its price and availability.

My intent is not to limit substitutions, but rather to provide a starting place for the experimenter. A little thought given to certain sub- stitutions will save a cor- responding amount of grief later on*

The simple power supply is shown in Fig. 3*

How To Use It

The first step to using the auto CQer on the air is to make the tape. Plug the tape input, PI , into the mike input of the tape recorder and a microphone into the audio input on the CQer, Now youVe set to record the tape.

tiPE INPUT

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TRANSMITTER M^C INPUT

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Ffg. 2.

You will need about 3 seconds of tone {just to be safe) to activate the flip-flop, so plan accordingly. I made my tape on a 30-second CQ, 30-second listen program, but this is offered only as a starting point. Just remember to give the tone at the beginning and at the end of theCQ.

To use the CQer is even easier. Plug the transmitter mike input, PI, into the transmitter and the station mike into ]1- The tape re- corder speaker output plugs into the tape output jack, )2. Set the playback volume to trip the PTT in about 1 to 2 seconds, but not so high as to overmodulate. If the recorded audio of tone and CQ are of the same relative level, it will be possible to achieve the right balance of playback volume and mike gain on the transmitter.

On the air, set S2, punch up playback and sit back and relax. Even though the band may be dead» at least alt youVe doing is wearing out the tape and not your vocal cords!

To answer a call, Just switch S2, shut off the re- corder (you might do this with another position on S2, if your recorder is equipped with a remote jack), and operate your rig normally.

The reliability of this machine has been excellent. After about 1 8 months of use on the air, the only problem has been when the recorder batteries run low, and the tone frequency shifts and goes undetected. It is for this reason that the reset switch, SI, was included, just in case the transmitter gets stuck.

Since IVe built this device, I can*t imagine not having it. It actually is my way of having a beacon on 10 meters, to which 1 am so devoted. You can hear what is being transmitted, and so can catch it if anything goes haywire. 1 hope that the utility of this machine will provide you with more time to really enjoy this great hobby of ours. ■

Rofgrance

Fischer, ''Bring a Dead Band to Li^e," 73 Magazine, December, 1976, p. 125,

Fig, 3.

143

Carl C DrumeUer W5JJ 5824 N.W. 53 Street Warr Acres OK 731 22

SSB For

-- tame the croak

The Yaesu FRG-7 is a remarkably good re- ceiver for "all-wave'* recep- tion of AM or radio teleg- raphy. It falls short, however, of being good for SSB recep- tion, unless you have one of the new models featuring a fine tuning controL This article is addressed to the owners of FRG-7s having serial numbers between 502001 to 505999 or be- tween 060001 to 072000. If you have one, read on.

For $7.25 you can buy a modification kit from Yaesu. I did. You shouldn't. Why? Except for matching knobs, you can buy the needed parts (if you can't find them in your junk box) for a small fraction of the cost of the modification kit.

You need just two items. One is a small variable capac- itor, small in physical size as well as in capacitance. The latter should be somewhere around 5 pF -- not much more, not much less. It should have a shaft about one inch long (2,5 mm) and must

be of the single-hole mount type. The other item is a

knob to fit the shaft of the variable capacitor. If you have a choice, get one with a dot or other type of position indicator. If youVe a purist, buy a re placement for the volume control of your FRG-7. It's a bit large, but iril match.

Now youVe ready to dis- sect your FRG-7. You'll need a Phillips, or Reed Prince^ type screwdriver and a 14 -inch nutdriver. With the latter, take out the two screws along the bottom rear lip of the cabinet. With the formerj re- move the six small screws around the front edge of the cabinet and the one small screw at the top of the rear edge. Now, slip the chassis forward out of the cabinet*

Use a small, blade- type screwdriver to loosen the set- screws, and then remove all the control knobs. Then use the Phillips screwdriver to re* move the three screws re- taining the escutcheon plate*

With the slimmest

soldering iron you can find, unsolder ihe two wires leading to the "Lock" tamp. Then remove the nut from the "Mode" switch. Next, take out the four screws that hold the external front panel to the inner one. Slip off the panel, and prepare to do some precise measuring.

If you have a metric rule, as everyone should, use the following figures. Otherwise convert them to inches.

From the right-hand edge of the front panel, measure in 14.4 cm. Then, from the bottom edge, measure up 6.2 em. Mark the intersection, and drill a very small holci barely through the paneL Pause there, turn the panel over, and carefully cut out the padding around the hole you just drilled, removing enough to leave a clear spot about 18 mm in diameter, centered on the hole in the panel.

Put the outer panel back on the receiver, and run the drill through the hole just far enough to clearly mark the

spot to drill through the inner panel. Remove the outer panel, and drill the inner one. Make a hole iust large enough to mount the variable capac- itor- The one I got fi^om Yaesu required a 7.5 mm (about 5/16 inch) hole. Note thai you*ll need a semi- circular bushing between the capacitor and the panel; the speaker mouni intrudes into the space nL\Jed for the ca- pacitor. This is easily made*

While you're drilling, en- large the hole through the front panel to 14 mm (about 9/16 inch).

After you've mounted the variable capacitor and screwed tight its retaining nut, replace the front panel and also the escutcheon plate. Don't forget to reattach the two wires to the "Lock" lamp or to replace the nul on the **Mode" switch! Very carefully set the plates of the variable capacitor to half mesK Then attach the con- trol knob, having the dot or pointer straight up. Replace all control knobs.

If you bought the Yaesu modification kit, do not in- stall the 33 pF capacitor in place of the 51 pF capacitor C-458.

Note the printed circuit board just behind and a bit to the right of the variable ca- pacitor you just installed. All the parts you'll be concerned with are located close to- gether on the corner of the board that's next to the vari- able capacitor. The parts identification numbers are marked on the board, but you must look closely to see them. Locate T-403, a trans- former in a tiny square can. Then spot TC-403, an adjust- able capacitor just to itie left of T'403 and a bit behind it Look a bit behind TC-403, and spot the two terminals to which dx^ attached wires run- ning down under the chassis to the main variable tuning capacitor. The rearmost of these two terminals is the "ground" one. The foremost one is "hot"

Now run wires from the

144

variable capacitor you in- stalled over to these two ter- minal posts, being careful, of course, to hook the rotor to th€ rearmost and the stator to the foremost !

If you bought Yaesu's kit, now you're ready to file the provided instruction sheet very carefully in the waste- basket, and get out the in- struction manual that came with your FRG-7. Turn to page 12 of your manual. Look under the heading "Main Tuning Dial, T-403,

TC-4D3," 1 quote:

"The following alignment should be done after warm-up of the receiver-

"Set the dial hairline to the center of the dial window. When the main tuning dial is rotated until it stops over the 1000° scale mark, the delta mark should be within 5 mm of the hair- line.

"Set the Mode switch to Isb and the MHz dial to 0^ Set the main tuning dial to 1000^; a beat tone may be

heard. Adjust T403 until the heal is heard and is brought to zero beat. Set the main tuning dial to 0*, and adjust TC-403 for zero beat. Repeat these two procedures until zero beat is obtained at both O'^and 1000°;*

The procedure in the manual works quite well. The one contained in the instruc- tion sheet is utterly worth- less!

The addition of the fine^ tuning control makes the FRG'7 quite easy to use for

SSB reception- More selec- tivity might be desired.

Should you feel you need that extra seieclivity, read the artfcle by Ron Risher VK30M in the March, 1977, issue of Amateur Radio, He describes a non butchering operation^ one using a spare deck on an existing switch to select an alternate filter, con- sisting of four cascaded SFD45SB solid state filters linked by small coupling ca- pacitors. I haven* I tried it, but it sounds intriguing! ■

There comes a time in every kid's life when he wants more out of study hall than just studying. My time came about two weeks ago, and being a ham, I naturally wanted to do something with radio, I knew from the start that it would be hard, for Ma (as we had nicknamed our teacher) had an eaglets eye that could weed out a welt- hidden game of solitaire in a class of 55- Anyway, I began to think of ways to outwit Ma and still have fun. A code practice oscillator was out, as I had already bored myself to tears tapping out English assignments on the desk with my pencil. Of course, the ultimate goal would be a QSO with a portable transceiver, but it seemed a little far- fetched at the time. But the more I thought of it, the more feasible it sounded. The walls of the study hall were made of wood and plaster, easily penetrated by radio waves.

I bepn my search for a suitable battery-powered ORP transmitter This proved easy, for the second magazine I looked at was the January, 1977, issue of 73, which contained a dandy little porUble transistor QRP transmitter, easy to con- strucU and, from the descrip- tion by the author, pretty potent at getting those waves into the sky.

Having decided on a trans- mitter, I was then faced by the dilemma of what to house the thing in. It must be

Kurt Bjom WB9YKR 1 874 Big Oak Circle NoTthbrook IL 6Q062

Beat the Books

-- study hall special

inconspicuous, but large enough to handle the trans- ceiver and batteries, which amounted to quite a load. I decided on a card filing box, for these were a fairly com- mon sight at school.

For a receiver, I decided on a converter for a broadcast band radio with an earphone attachment, I wasn't taking any chances with Ma, who had the ears (and the temper- ment) of a wildcat. The pocket radio conveniently fit inside the lid of the card fite box with a bit of double- sided foam tape.

I then constructed an aluminum chassis to fit the box, and on this I mounted the transmitter, which con- sisted of a transistor oscillator and a tuned circuit tuned to 40 meters, the chosen band. The BC converter was a bit tougher, as a bfo had to be constructed to take in the

signals without the tones sounding like pure ac.

But eventually everything was straightened out and ready for initial testing, I plugged in a 40 meter crystal, plugged in a dipote, and flipped her on. A little tuning later, and the receiver began hauling in all sorts of signals, and with my station receiver, I roughly calibrated the dial. The transmitter really blared away on my station trans- ceiver. Finally, after a gru- eling two hour slop-together job, ail was ready. The next day, after breakfast, I tucked away a tiny earphone, grabbed my 98^ "|unior" code key (I wonder how many old*timers stil! use those things), snatched a long wire antenna with a phone plug at one end and an alli- gator ciip at the other, and smuggled the whole mess out the door past my mother.

When I got into study hall that day, I sat in the back row where there was a radi- ator for a grounding, and connected the transceiver. I didn't have the slightest idea about where to connect the antenna, and glanced around for a support. 1 ended up connecting it to a vacant desk three seats to the right. I ran the earphone up my shirt. Even Ma doesn't have x-ray vision. I turned everything on, and imme- diately zeroed in on WB9 — " calling CQi S9. I answered him, hoping the key clicks (audio, not rf) wouldn't be noticed. To my great joy, he came back TNX, OM, UR RST IS 369. NAME IS, - . Immediately my mind soared. Mini rotary beams! DX! SSB! Maybe later, that W8 is really giving me QRM. I might lose my first study hall QSO! ■

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Clocking Those Clock

- check out the MK-03!

The current plethora of digital readout clock kits makes it very difficult for the potential buyer to decide which is the one best suited for his needs. One of the many that are presently avail- able, and which has not been advertised to any great extent by its suppliers, is the MK-03 Aircraft Clock-Timer kit. Bullet Electronics^ the kit maker^ may be under- estimating the potential pop- ularity of thi^s kit. Its many unique features place it apart

from others that are available. Although this clock may have its primary application in cars, boats, and planes (FAA certification may be required), its compactness and features have a number of good applications in the ham or CB shack, OSCAR buffs will find it ideal for alerting them to the next pass, as the quick-setting alarm feature enhances this type of use. Power supply voltage requirement is 9 to 18 volts dc^ thus a simple base

station power supply is all that is required for fixed use. A power supply for this pur- pose is available from the kit supplier.

The kit, as received from Bullet, contains all parts^ ex- cept switches and a case, to make a working clock*timer. The lack of case and switches allows you to design the en- closure and panel to suit your exact needs- In my case, the objective was to place the entire assembled unit inside a standard aircraft instrument

But/et MK-03 Clock-Timer completed and ready for installation in aircraft instrument case. Digital readout t^oard is attached to plastic escutcheon.

case for use in a sailplane (glider). This was an old al- timeter case, as shown in the photo. Doing this required a fair amount of ingenuity, but the result was very atis* factory. Others may wish to use a larger, less difficult package, and, if panel space is available, as at a fixed station installation, larger switches and layout would be more convenient.

The printed circuit boards for this kit include a six-digit readout board (allowing the FND 70 0,5-inch readouts to be directly soldered to the board)^ a main clock- timer board, and a timebase board. The latter uses a (^ramic resonator as its standard, and a CD4060 CMOS as a 14-stage binary counter/ oscillator. The oscillator fre- quency is divided by 2^^ to produce the output fre- quency (50 Hz in this in- stance). My scope showed the output of this oscillator to be an excellent 4.9 volts square wave. Bullet advertises this oscillator kit as being avail- abte as a separate item^ incidentally.

The main clock-tim^ board is standard, as far as digit drivers are concerned. However, the board uses two 50252 28-pin ICs, stacked in parallel, to accomplish the separate clock and timer functions.

The clock chip (bottom) operates as a normal 24*hour six-digit display clock. The timer chip (upper) operates as a 24-hour six-digit display elapsed time indicator. As received, the two chips are piggy-backed together, with the pins, which are paralleled in operation, already soldered together by the kit supplier. No soldering to the pins is required, as the dual IC is eventually installed in a DIP socket, which the user has previously soldered to the board. Connections to the top chip which are required are made with slip-on con- nectors (not supplied).

Components in the kit appear to be of good quality, and, for the most part^ are

148

"house-numbered" ilemsi indicating that they were probably not to the manu- facturer's standard, but are quite satisfactory for general use. Two of the FND-70s, as received with the kit, had one open segment* Otherwise, all parts were excellent. All resis- tors for board mounting were precut and bent to radius, and all diodes and transistors were cut to length for mount- ing and soldering* Material was provided to assemble a toroid choke, in the event that the unit Is to be powered by an ignition-type engine power source. In addition, an input protection diode is pro- vided to prevent an incorrect polarity connection from damaging the unit.

Circuit board solder plat- ing tended to have a duil appearance^ and occasionally some difficulty was encountered in preparing satisfactorily soldered con- nee lions. This was particu- larly noticeable when work- ing on the readout board.

which has rather closely spaced traces thai com- pounded the problem. Manu- facturers would be wise to increase the cost of a board by a few pennies to provide good traces and well-plated boardSj in order to insure customer satisfaction and trouble-free operation.

The many switches re- quired for full operation of the clock-timer increase the complexity of the wiring external to the board, but they do not create any prob- lems, if care is taken in rout- ing the leads.

Instructions and diagrams supplied with this kit are quite complete, with ten pages of information. Never- theless, they must be read thoroughly prior to con- structing the kit, in order not to overlook some item of importance, not necessarily mentioned where you think it might be in the text. There was a schematic error in my instructions, which may be corrected now, as this has

been brought to the alteniion of Bullet.

Upon completion of the entire assembly, I used a 9 volt transistor radio battery to test the clock-timer (this is not recommended for other than testing because of a .085 A current drain). The unit operated immediately, with no difficulties what- soever, and it was fun to be able to run through the inter- esting list of functions that this clock is capable of performing.

The fact that the timing and clock functions perform independently of each other permits using the features of one without interfering with the ongoing action of the other. For instance, the elapsed time function, which displays hours, minutes^ and seconds, may be started, held, restarted, or reset to zero while the 'Veal-time*' clock continues its normal opera- tion, undisplayed.

The switches may be con- nected to perform the follow-

ing listed functions* The dis- play switch may be switched either to the off position (in which case all functions continue, but are not visible), or to display either the timer action or real-time clocking. Real-time clock — Hours set, 10-minute set, minutes set, alarm enable, and clock dis- play mode (shows either real time or what the alarm set time is).

Timer — Start, hold, and reset.

An additional feature may be used, but was not neces- sary for my application. This is a photo intensity input to the clock chip, which will reduce or increase the display intensity, dependent upon the ambient [ighting.

As a full-function device in the shack, or mobile any- where, this clock-timer appears to have all the re- quirements, for a modest $26.95. Bullet Electronics, P.O. Box 19442, Dallas, Texas 75219, is the sup- plier. ■

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149

Arvid G: Ettans K7HKL 5128 S 3600 W Kmms err B4118

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Digital Signal Source

- TTL signals for counters, micros

In playing with logic cir- cuits over ihc past few years, I repealedty encoun- tered the lack of a suitable sigrial source. Several things were tried, including squaring circuits on the wide-range rf generator and several pulse/ function generation units, with only marginal success* Recently^ while working on a frequency synthesizer, an idea occurred Ihal after breadboard construction seems to be the answer. Development oT this idea as outlined below will result in a square wave signal source covering from 20 MHz down to subaudio in fully tunable decade steps. For my pur- pose, it has proven to be an id^l unit for experimenting with amateur radio applica- tions of TTL and CMOS logjc.

Theory

The basic idea as presented

in Fig, 1 is for a tunable oscillator in the 10 to 20 MHz rang^ with switchable decade dividers for the range selection and switchable binary dividers for band selec* tion. The resulting frequen- cies and time constants are listed in Fig. 5.

Construction

Fig. 2 is the oscillator which I used — others would do as well. Try your favorite . , . just be sure the output is adequate to drive the digital buffer. Drive requirements to the first TTL stagie can be cut down by biasing that stage into its linear (?) range with a 2.2 k resistor to ^ound as indicated in Fig. 2.

Fig. 3 represents the power supply circuitry and is self-explanatory. Fig. 4 in- cludes the dividers and out- put circuit. Construction is straigjitforward with few pre- cautions. It would be wise to

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Fig. X

keep all divider'to-s witch

wires separated from each other slightly (just don't bundle them all together in a cable harness). Run a separate power and ground lead for each IC, That way you need only one bypass capacitor on the common +5 volt and ground point*

My final version has a cali- brated dial and tunes with a 20:1 VFO drive. However, I find it more convenient to cable the output to my digital

counter for direct frequency readout,

I wired the VFO portion using point-to-point tech- nique on insulated standoffs. The divider is on perf board and wired with wire-wrap penciL

Summary

While my unit is just the

basic generator, hindsiglit has indicated many additions which might enhance its oper- ation. Some of the possible

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150

addi lions and tfreir ap plica- tjons are listed below:

K FM the VFO with an audio oscillator and voltage variable capacitor for working with FM receivers, phase detectors, or PLL circuits.

2. Switch the divider chain from the internal VFO to an external input jack. This would allow signals from external sources to be divided.

3« Switch the divider chain input between the internal VFO and a crystal oscillator to generate harmon- icalty- related standard fre- quencies,

4, Add a second buffer and output circuit for opposing polarity outputs.

5. Run the output through a one-shot multivi- brator for ihin-line pulse generation.

Incase you use this as an rf generator for general purpose work, you mi^t be inter- ested to know that the square wave output generates strong harmonics beyond 2 meters! ■

Frequency

Time (Oj)

Frequancy

TimefOiJ

10-20 MHz

0,1^.05 uS

10-20 kHz

100-50 uS

5-10 MHz

0^-OJ uS

5-10 kHz

200-100 uS

2,5-6 MHz

0.4-0,2 uS

2.5-5 kHz

400-200 uS

1.25-2.5 MHz

0.8-0.4 uS

1^5-2,5 kHz

800-*00 uS

1 -2 MHz

1<),5yS

1 -2 kHz

,001 -,0005 Sec

0.5-1 MHz

2-1 uS

0.5-1 0 kHz

.002-001 Sec

0^5^.5 MHz

4-2 uS

0.25-0.5 kHz

.004 -.002 Sec

0.125O.25MH2

84 uS

0J25^.25 kHz

.008 -.004 Sec

1 00 200 kHz

1 0^5 uS

1 00-200 Hi

,01 .005 Sec

50-100 kHz

20-10 uS

50-100 Hi

.02-01 Sec

25-50 kHz

40-20 uS

25^0 Hi

.04- .02 Sec

12.5-25 kHz

8040 uS

1 2.5-25 Hz

,08 -,04 Sec

Fig. 5* Suggested dial layout.

X

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73 Magazine Staff

enerated CW

- - CW: as you like it

One of the useful acces- sories to a receiver for CW operaibn rs a device that will key an audio oscillator in accordance with an incoming CW signal. Then one doesn't have to listen to the original CW signal with its back- ground noise and QRM, but can listen to a clean, locally generated audio signal. Tin is sort of device also provides a bonus feature useful with transceivers having no tunable bfo and where one must listen to a CW note deter- mined by i-f filter charac- teristics and the crystal-con- trolled frequency of a product detector. Usually, these transceivers are set up to produce CW notes of from

600 to 900 Hz. But not everyone enjoys listening to a

constant pitch CW note for extended periods. However, if the incoming CW keys a local audio oscillatorp one can vary the pitch of the tone actually being listened to without affecting the correct tuning of the transceiver.

Such local oscillator keying devices for CW recep- tion are not new. Many designs were buitt in tube- type days and worked quite welL The problem was that such a device got to be rather elaborate and costly with tubes. Such devices usually consisted of a sharply tuned audio filter followed by some

^:— * V*rt ■

f f\ LEI

Fig, h Tunable audio filter uses a 567 PLL /C The opioisofator can be a Sprague ED702 (many other surplus units at lower cost will also suffice), A multi-turn potenti- ometer for the tOk frequency adjustment control will facili- tate adjustment^ but a regular potentiometer with a large knob will also work.

audio amplification. Then the audio signal was rectified and used to operate a sensitive relay. The relay simply keyed a locals variable frequency sine wave oscillator which one then listened to as it was keyed instead of the original signal.

Using solid state devices one can, of course, duplicate the original circuit idea. Sharpy single frequency audio filters can be built using the commonly available 88 mH toroid coils. The filtered signal can be amplified by an audio IC stage, rectified, and the dc signal used to control a reed relay. Any desired local oscillator can then be keyed by the relay.

01

i*is flHi

Z90K

111599

This article presents a simitar but slightly different approach by taking advantage of some of the new phase locked loop ICs on the market Basically, a phase locked loop is used lo serve as a tunable audio filter and LED switch driver. The LED switch in turn activates a var- iable frequency tone oscil- lator. The circuit is compact and inexpensive. Its only dis- advantage is that it must be more carefully tuned than a circuit configMration using a passive input filter. But this is mostly a matter of becoming used to the adjustments in- volved, and it is not a tedious affair. Only parts of the basic circuit can be used if one further wants to simplify the device. For instance, the PLL tunable audio filter can be replaced by a passive LC filter. This eliminates any tuning but takes away from the versatility of the unit since the receiver tuning con- trols then have to be adjusted so the CW beat note falls in the filter passband. Still another alternative, if one has a receiver with already good i-f or audio signal selectivity but gets tired of listening to the hollow ringing sound of such a receiver, is to use only the LED and audio oscillator portions of the circuit. The LED is driven by rectified af and activates the audio oscil- lator. Each of these applica- tion variations is discussed in the following paragraphs.

Fig, 1 shows the diagram of the 567 PLL tunable audio filter. The 10k potentiometer by pin 5 serves as the fre* quency tuning control^ and the 10k potentiometer in the

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L5K VCX-UME

©HEP SSOOi

4-611 SPEHitJER

? V

O^TO-ISOL*TOH OF FtCllfiC 1

Fig, 2. NE555 audio oscillator/amplifier which can be driven by the PLL tone filter of Fig, L Note the simple but effective S500S amplifier stage for the square wave output of the 555,

152

input l^d is used to adjust the input level. This extra control is provided since one will usually initially monitor the receiver's audio output aurally until the filter locks into place on the incoming signaL The af input level (from a headphone jack^ for instance) that provides good aural level may overload the PLU Hence, the 10k input potentiometer is nefcessary. The bandpass of the filter varies with the input voltage levei, and carefui adjustment of the frequency and input level controls is needed. It is best to practice first with steady tone input signals rather than a keyed sii^naL The output of the PLL drives a regular LED and an LED optoisoiator. The regular LED simply serves as a visual tuning aid to indicate the PLL is locked on to the in- coming signaL Of course, it will lock on to any input frequency to which it is tuned (or even harmonics of the input signal if it is over- driven). However, by pro-

viding a switch to go back and forth between the audio input and the output of the keyed audio oscillator stage, confusion will be eliminated. The optoisoiator LED is used as a switch to key an audio oscillator stage. It can be used to key any desired oscillator. Some operators prefer a sine wave signal, while others find a harmonic-rich square wave more interesting to copy.

Fig. 2 shows an NE555 oscillator/amplifier which can be keyed by ihe circuit of Fig, 1, The circuit is straight* forward and provides both variable frequency and volume controL It will drive directly a small loudspeaker or low impedance head- phones.

Fig, 3 shows some addi- tional circuits which can be used with the circuit of Fig. 2. Fig. 3 (a) shows a passive 900 Hz audio filter and recti- fier which can be used to drive the LED optoisoiator to key the NE555 oscillator. The PLL stage of Fig, 1 is not used and the 900 Hz filter is

007

00?

jjl^Z-^"",*,

811:60011

I OK

ISOLATOfi^^i *

c

J

OUTPUT

Ba TO IK QA MDR£

OPTO- ISOIATOR

Fig, 3. Two other circuits that can be used to key the NE555 osc ilia tor without using the PLL circuit of Fig. J, Myiar capacitors should be used in fa). The .007 capacitors are

paralleled M05 and .002 mF units.

driven directly from the speaker output of the receiver being used. Fig. 3(b) shows just a rectifier circuit driving the LED optoisoiator. This ultrasimple circuit can be used when the receiver has adequate selectivity and it is only desired to key the NE555 oscillator. The opto- isoiator approach in the fore- going circuits may seem a bit elaborate for a simple switch-

ing function. However^ they allow versatility in keying various oscillator circuits and if purchased in untested lots can be very economical. The pin arrangement of most types is as shown in Fig. L One can locate the basic ele- ments with a VOM and use a 1-5 V battery with a scries 47 f2 resistor to see that switching action takes place when the LED is activated. ■

We have DenTron's New ML A- 12

• II

The M LA- 1200 is a compact KW designed to ffll the gap between your barefoot transceiver or transmitter and a full power 2 KW amplifier. A single 8875 external-anode ceramic metal triode, (the same revolutionary tubes that power the M LA 2500) yields r200 Watts PEP SSB and 1000 Watts DC CW with as little as 70 Watts drive. (An automatic swamping circuit prevents damage to the final if more than 100 Watts drive is applied to the M LA 1200.) There are scores of features common to both the MLA- 1200 and IVILA'2500, like forced-air cooling, all-steel chassis construction with tight fitting black wrinkle fin- ish cabinetry, a plug-in PC board for metering, ALC, and mandatory warm-up timing. The IVILA-1200 is the same size as our Super Tuner (just 10" W x 6%" H x 10'' D), and weighs only 10 pounds! Twin outboard power supplies are available for AC or DC operation, with the lVtLA-1200's low filament current drain characteristics allowing for standard 6 foot cabling between units. Both supplies are constructed of high quality, high current components, and are designed for a lifetime of trouble-free operation.

MLA-1200 S399.50 AC1200 - SI 59.50 DC 1200 - SI 99 50

80 thru 10 meters

1 200 Watts PEP input on SSB

1000 Watts DC input on CW, RTTY, or SSTV

Forced Air Cooling System

AC or DC Outboard Power Supplies (AC-1200,

DC'1200)

EIMAC 8875 external-anode ceramic/metal triode

operating m grounded grid

W17

COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION 1320 Grand Ave. San Marcos, CA. (714) 744-0728 92069

wl

153

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 39&*8280

PROFESSIONAL HEADPHONES

& HEADSETS

, BOOM MIC HEADSETS

For the uttirnate in co mm u nictations conveniencft arvd effkiency select a boom mic headset. Long-time favorite of profefflonal communications, boom mIc headseis billow more personal moblHty while always ka^ptng the mic properly positioned for fast, precffte vorce transmission. Boom microphones are completely adjustable to allow perfect positioning. And, boom mic headsets t«ave both hands freB to perform other tasks.

All models are supplied with "close- talking" microphones to limit ambient noise pick-up and provide superior intelligibility. Each modet has a convenient, inline push-to-talk switch, which can foe wired for either push-to-talk relay control or mic circuit interrupt for voice operated transmitters. The switch may be used as a mon>entarv push-button or it can be locked in the down position^ AM models haiue tough^ flexible, 8 foot cords whlrh ire ttripped and Tinned, unt^rm^nated. Communication frey with black trim.

MODEL C-G ID

MOf>ELC-1210

Deafer Programs NOW A s^ailabfe

MODEL CIVI 1210

MODEL CM^1320S

MODEL CM-eiD

MODEL C-61 0 Ecanomical, dual receiver magnetic headphone. Delivers clear re- cepiion. Lightweighi and comfortable yel ruggedty constructed for dally use. Ear- cushions seal out distracting noise and are removable lor cleaning. Price: $9,96

MODEL SWL-610 Simitar lo Model C-610 but With 2000 ohm imDedance. Ideal for shortwave receivers requiring high im* pedance headphones. Price: S9.95

MODEL C-1210 Medium priced, dual re- ceiver dynamic headphone. Precise sound reproduction. Deluxe foam-filied earcuslrions are extremeiy comfortable for those long sessions. The removable cushions reduce ambtent noise penetra- tion and concentrate signal strength. Great for noisy environments or for dig- ging out weak signals. Price: $28.30

MODEL C-1320 Our finest communica- tions headphone Audiometric-type dual dynamic receivers assure the ultimate in receplion and performance stability. Ex- Iremely sensitive receivers provide high output levels even from weak signals. Luxurious foam lilled ctrcumaurat ear- cushions are removable for cleaning. Pries r $37.90

DUAL MUFF HEADPHOfStFS

The following headphones offer outstanding sound quality and superb comfort for lon^ term weaf ing. All the models have circumsural earcushlons to seal out distracting ambient nobe ar^d concentrate the signal at your e^r. Foam f tiled vinyi earcushjons on Models C-1210 and C-1320 add an extra margin of comfort. Adjustable headbands and self -aligning earcups assure proper fit. All models are equipped with a f iv« foot cord termi resting in a standard .250" diameter phone plug and have 3.2 to 20 Ohm impedance, CommunioaLion grey with black trim,

MODEL CM^IQ Li||htweTght, dual receiver magnetic headphone f similar to Model C^IO)^ Ceramic boom microphone with -Si dB output. Can be u$ed wittt any mobile or base station with high 2 mic Input and 3.2 to 20 ohm audio output* Price: $42.80.

MODEL CM-T320 Deluxe dual receiver dynamic headphone with audtometric-type headphone elements (simrlar to Model C'1320K Ceramic boom microphone witti -51 dO output. For use with any mobile or base statton requiring high impedance mic mput and 3.2 to 20 ohm audio Output, Price: $68.30,

MODEL CM'1210 Rugged, reiiablep dual receiver dynamic headphone (similar to Model C 1210). Ceramic boom microphone with -61 dB output. For use with any mobile or base station with high ^ Input and 3,2 to 20 ohm audio output. Priced $56.90.

MODEL CM I320S Deluxe single receiver dynamic headphone with audiometric-eype headphone element (similar to Model C-1320), Ceramic boom microphone with -51 dB output. For use with any mobile or base statton requirmg high impedance mic input and 3^2 to 20 ohm audio output. Price: S54.50.

MDDEL

C-GID

SWLStO

C1Z10

CI 320

CM GIB

CM1Z10

cm 1 320

Pi f3203

HesdphDne Sensitivity Rel 0002 Dvies/cm^ @lmW input. IkHz

lD3dBSPL ±5dB

i03dB5Pi

I03de SPL J^dB i

lOSdSSPL ±5dB

J03riBSPl ±5dB

103tlBSPt iSdB

] 05dB SPl ±Sde

iDSdBSPK

Hfiariphone Frequency Response! useable!

40

15,000 H^

40- 15,000 H2

20 20,000 Hz

20'

20.000 Ht

4D- i 16,1300 H^

20 20.000 Hz

20 20.00D Hz

20 20,000 Hi

HBadphone Impedance

32 20 ohms

2000 ^hm

32 20 otims

3 2. 20 ahm$

32' ' 20 ofims

32

20 ohms

3 2- 20 Q\m%

3 2^ 20 Dhms

Mic/ophone

FffquencY

' i

"

50- B0Q0I&

SO

50 BfflKlHi

50 ]

BOOClKz

I

Microphone Impedance

—

—

—

-

High

High

H»gh

Hk^f]

Miaophone

Sensitivity Below 1 vali/mEcrohai

ar IkHi

1

-5ldB

-SldB £5dB

-Bide ^dB

SidB *6dB

Cord

B'

&■

W

5"

f2 4mj

B'

B'

B^

Plug

2S0 dta

250 d.3

2SD' dta

250'^ dia

unter- mmated

unrer minared

unrer ^ m mated

unter minated

Gross Weight

B0; I227gi

fl Of

12 01.

f341g|

15 01 142Bi]|

12 DZ

l^Qi

IB at

(511 gl

12 02. I341g]

Caiilog Nunilier

&1G30 06:3

fi!63Q062

$1210031

61320-012

G1B30 064

Giaoo^sa

G 1320013

6132(MI1S

Tufts Radio Electrofiscs • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395^280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

SST T-1 RANDOM WIRE ANTENNA TUNER

AU band operation (I €0-10 meters) with most any rafidom length wire. 200 Watt power capability, tdeal for portable or home operation. A must for Field Day. Size: 2 x 4-1/4 X 2'3/S. Built-in neon tune-up indica* tor. Guaranteed for 90 diiys. Compa<;t ^ easy to use. Only $29.95.

talk

power

by

ASTATIC MICROPHONES

SILVER EAGLE - $69.95

T4JG8-D104, transistorized $48.60

T-UG9-D104, "Golden Eagle," tran.sbtorized $9^.40 T-UG9-D104, "Silver Eagle/' transistorized . $69.96 UG -01041 ceramic or cryfitul •«. * , ^ *.«,,, . $42.60

Model 200 V

CES Touch Tonfl Pads

Model 200 V — acoustic coupling. $49,95 'Model 210 — for mounting on walkies or iand4ields. $39.95

♦Model 220 — CES ean now offer yoti 3 OUCH TONE back for Standard Commyn- stions hand-held radios. This is the com- letB back assembly with the TOUCH ONE encoder mounted and ready to plug ito the private charrnel connector. Aiso icluded is 3 LED tone generator indicator nd an eKtefnal tone deviation adjustment. *59.95

for an Economy Price?

THAT'S RIGHT!

introducing the ECONOLINE

Moci»l (fiput Okitnut Tvpl-CiH Fraquvnuv Pric*

702 5-30W 60-90W 10 In/70 OiJl i43 14gMHe SlS^.CD ^02& l^W GOSOM 1ln/70out 143 149 MHr $169.00

Now get TPl, COMMUNICATIONS quality and reliabtlity At an economy price. Th« new Econo-Line gives you everything that you've come to expect from TPL at a feet cost reductfon. The latest mechanical and electronic construc- tion techniques combine to make the Econo-LJne your best ampiifier value- Unique broad band crrcuitry requkes no tuning throughout the entire 2'meter band and adjacent MARS channels. See these great new additions to the TPL COMMUN- ICATIONS product line at your favorite amateur radio dealer.

For prices and specHications please write for our Amateur Products Summary! FCC type accepted power amplifiers al^o avail- able. Please calf or write for a copy of TPL's Commercial Products Summary,

FT- 101 E TRANSCEIVER

FT 301

FP301 DIG FP 301 FP301 CID FRG 7 QTR 24 FT lOt-E 160 10M FT 101EE 160-10M FT- 101 EX 16EH0M

FU 2100B

FTV 65QB

FTV-250

FV'IOIB

SP-101B

SP-101FB

YO-100

YD 944

FA'9

MMB^I

RFP-102

XF30C

FR-101S

SOLID STATE

FR 101 DIG

SOLID STATE

FT 301 S

FT 3*1 S

teOM-lOM Trarvsceivaf - 200VyPEP $769 160M 10M TrafT&ceivar - 200 WPEP 935 AC Power Supply 125

AC PS, w/Clock and CW ID 209

GeR«ral Cow. Synthesized Receivw 299 Yaesu World Clock 30

XCVR W/Processor

XCVR W/O Proce^or

XGVR W/O Processor AC Only, Lest Mike Linear Amplifier 6M Transverier 2M Transverter Exvrnai VFQ 3pe;frkflr Speaker/Pdtctl Monitor Scope Dynafnic Base Mika CooJIng Fan Mobile Mount RF Speech Prcscessor ^00 Hi CW FlU«f

160 2M/SW RCVB

160 2M/SW RCVR 160-10M40WPEP leO-lOlW WWfEp Digital

729

64 9

589

3d9

199

199

109

22

59

199

29

1^

19

79

40

489 765

$43.95 Kit

SLINKY!

A LOT of antenna in a LITTLE spaco N0W Slinky® dipoie* with helical loading radiates a good signal at 1/10 wavetength long]

'potent ffA JM3SJ2(f

^ WPl

11

-% iin;«4a:HitifH

tmmt tlwtt [mi

urwm.i Euiii

J)

«fe£iK<u mm*im urn

tm. * iM 1 11

•1 grtf P«ngth from 24 to 70 i««l « no vttri tulun or rr invnqlcA n««d«d • poriatil*— erccii ft xtorsm in ftiinuiiat * small ftirouOhlDtitinarticorapdrtnipnl • fuJiiB^aipuwef • law 5WR qvff complat* 60 .' 75 , JO . i yo merer tiands ■ muc n lowef aimtj. sph«rlc noiaa pickup ttian « v«rttcal and Hands no fadtaJs ■ \u\ indudtn a p«ir qI ip*eiiilly»-fiiMKto Annch tfa. itf 4*knct^ l4ni C04», conldinifig 33S tmil of r»di4ting, con4u[;(Qf b*lun. 50 H

u«l • rw m uHJi by US Dmpt ot SfalK U^$ A/m)i, rMM^ ichoolt. f)AL« tnou4«nd]i gt Kama th« f*orW ow

Accea^jriei: FC-6 FC2 FM-1

6M Convarter 2M Converter FM Oetectof Aun/S\N Crystals AM-Wfde Filter 600 Hz CW FiltBf FM Filter Speaker

XF30B

XF 30C

XF 30D

SP 1016

FL101

SOLID STATE 160^1 OM

TRANSMITTER

Accessories:

RFP-101 RF Speech Processor

MONITOR/TEST EQUIPMENT

24

25 20 5 40 40 49 22

&2B 79

VC 500 J

YC&OOS

VC500E

YO'IDO

YP 1 SO YC'SOI

VHF FM Si SSB

FT-620B FT-221 Accessories: MMB-4

BOO MHz no PPMI

Counter 249

SOO MHz (1 PPM)

Counter 399

500 MHz 10.02 PPW)

Counter 537

Monitor Scope !99

Dummy Load/ Watt Meter 69 Digital' Readout M01/401 series) 169

TRANSCEIVERS 6M AM/CW^SSB 365

2M AM/FM/CW/SSB 629

Mctbtte Mount (FT-620a, FT-221 >

19

Name.

Calf

Radio Electronics

209 Mystic Avenue , Medford MA 02155 (617) 395-8280

REE Gift With Everi) Order!

Address. City

State

Order;

Zip

D Check enclosed !- Visa ci Master Charge ^ American Express

Credit card ^- Signature

Interbank #

Card expiration date

Dealer Programs NOW A vai fable

Master Charge

American Express

Visa

Prices FOB Medford MA. MA residents ^dd 5% sales tax. Mintmum $3.00 for shipping 8c handliiiQ on all orders.

Dealer programs NOWavailablel

Tufts Radio Efectronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

Ttrfts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenm • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

HRM RRDIO/

COMMUNICnTIONS

IS

MODEL 12V4 600 102

612

107 12HfVI4

THOMSON-CSF

NPC

ELECTRONICS

NETIfllCS

$19.9B S20.50 S24.95 $27.95 $28.95 $29.95

103R

•13HM4

104R

12/115

108RA

108RM

109R

$39.95 $41.95 $49.95 S69.95 S79.95 S99.95 $149.95

At SOT AwMlafala n 13 KM 4 with bur^-in lauds p«ahflr,

Output Vatlagfr Conmnuous Current

MODELISHM^

NPC 3,6 Amp n9if^Ut*4i Po^Bf Supply. BoHni StMtm Siioft Circuit ProT«CT«d-

Low cost regjlaled power EUppFy quiotly ccnv^S 115 VqKs AC tQ 13^ vails DC ' 200 mi I li volts 1 ^ amps cooiinuttus, 2 5 imfis reg \tks)Sltf jWiled for BfWfiting mobile CB tfajisctivers in ytiuT home or omce base slatKiii

yypiCAu

13.S i.liVDC 1 5 Amp £^5 Amp SmVftMS

14V DC

to mv ntfS

c*m y mi ■ *' <wi » 51*' m snipiN^ MM9M $ itH

MODEL 107

NPC 4 AFnU Power Supply. 6 Anifi Mac Sol^d Sut«. Overica;! Pri>t«c(«|

RmctKm siieaUy in

115 vtim AC Id 12 velt$ DC

or or radio kPi « tkone o dict-

4

Oulpul ValT^gp (Fyll Loadl- Ftdqriiig Cfip^ciilpr

4 Amp

1C V max

12 Vmin ta.OOO LiF .IV RMS

fy

NPC

iitciir ■

ROWER SURRLY

HOPE I 1ICI4

fon c p i<T& "vMLCiri t woe I a amp. aeo

I

M0DB.ia3

NPC 4 Amp Regulati Powuer Supplv. SQhd Stdt*. Dual Oi^««lO>a4 Protection,

Convens 11& voJIe AC !□ 13.6 voUs DC f 200 mUlivoHs HamJtes amps CQnil(iLiqu5.3n(f 4 amps majc. idtaf^y stilled ioi applicati^ wtiere no hiuir and DC s^b^lity ve tmpaflarvt such as C8 transmit small Ham radio tansmtter^ .avid lugti ipjalify e^-lFKlt cv st^ C^ ilsa b# usflS la ihcUt-ctafec 1 £ wft car tnOBriK

OuiputvoKig« tii^Loid n«Qij(«lion tipple/ Nofite

TranslflnL F^esponna tutrenS Cont^nijous Cumnl Umur CVfiWH FoKlb&cJi

TrpfCAL MaximijkI

20 mV SOnnV

?QuSec

f,S Amp

4 AfTip

1 Amp I

COlt £»h4poir^) weagm 4 ti»i

MODEL lOBRM

NPC 12 Arrtp RAtQul^teti

Pow«r Supfslv-

Solid Suit*.

3 Wav Frotactwl.

Currtnt fiAmm-

This tie«vv duty unit qufet(y Cdnverts ITS volts AC to 13.6 volts DC -i:20D FTillhvfhMg. G jiitips dQn!liriiji3-ij&, 12 amps max. All .soJid stais, Features dual currsnl overload aod ovefVoUape prolect^Dn Idoiiilv suited lor op«>faiinQ mobile Ham r^io ? meicr AM-FU^^B iraio- CEtVffS in fom bome ft otfici. Cati ahfi be osed tn thd^e-dynpfe f ?

Linc/loAd. RegulnAii^ Rippla/NoisD Trat^aififit Rs'Sponta

C urrent C Q rtlinuQilt CkirFefit Limit Curranlf Oldbatt OvsfWQiuiQC' ProActiwi

TVPIC*!.

13 G r 2VPC

2 mV R1^S S*0 uSec It Amp 12 Amp 2 5AjmEi I4.SV

CAsiF 4*- fH J * Tl*-^ (Wl ■ 5H' ( D\ ^np&m^ WMQM: » 5 tb*

ALSO A V At L ABLE AS MODEL IQHRA WrThfOUT METER AND OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION,

MAXIVUM

1S.6 i ?voc SOmV

S-rnVRMS

ISiV

MODEL 109R

NPC 35 Amp Re^F^lfid Poi^t^r Sup^ply^ d-Wvv ^rpttcTad. Output Vottag* and Current Matift.

£jiTghegyy-dutyijniiiquieflytJWi»wUtBiMttiAClo 13.6 vote OC ^209 mihivodis 1Q amps conrinuom 2S amps max Ml solfd stale Ffitures dual curreni Dverloacf, overvoltagt vid iheitnai o^oiection Idleally Sidteti

Inr DpBT^tmg inol3i1« HarnrariiDarKli linear amplifier m yoijj horriB w office Excellent inench power suppiy lev lestngi >LniJ servjcii>g or mobJlB commj- ni cations QquipitiBnt,

3VDC

OidputVoMaqe Lifie/ii!Md~ Ripfrtft Noii« Trart£i«nt fiBsponiv CuTtBnr Oontiniiai/s Cutrqnl Limil

13.6

50 mv 5mVnMS 20uS«c ID Amp

?6 Atnp K,5V

MA:^iMUM )3 G ; 3V0C

lOmVFlMS

1SV

t>fl1^WE» «IUi>f>LV

Case: 4H' tHj k 3" (Wl n BW (Of, Stiipprn^ Waight if (tu.

MODEL i04R

NPC & AiTip Pdw^r Supply RvQuiated. SoUd Stats. Dual OvtirlOdd Protactton.

Convtrts 1^15 votts AC 10 13 6 vo^ DC j.200 miltivaEts, Haivaies 4 irr^ps coFitBuous ami S amfs max. Ideally suited lot ip^icsnom. w0mt 15 mponamt. sudi a^ Ci irBnsmissiati, small H^m liigh qLailtv i^ighl -track car stereos. Cart t» used Co car battBTl»s>.

t3.6 :!! 2 VOC 13J :t 3 VOC

n SQ mV SO h^V

Z mV RMS 5 iriV R1«S

4 Amp % AlTtp a Amp

( W J X 6 ' r' • ^ D> S h ippmg We^gtil ■ 9 lb?.

excelletil DC staliility

radio transmitter, and trickte^chjifp 12 vcjii

Output V^lifltg* UfK/Lowi Ae^iifha Fttppie/I4at»

CumKtt Cdi'tlinuOta CufTvm Lirrui Ci^rtefll Foldtjact^

dsbe; 3'.t"(Hi«5V"

■ • =i

iZV4

NPC t. 75 Amp Fo^H«f S*jpp*v.

3 Amp Max.

Functicfis silently In converl-

ing 115 volts AC i^ 12 volts

OC Idifsily suited lor masl

applicahofts bncMt'nu B-lrack stereo, burglar alann. car r»^ a

cassfttc tape play« miim pofwer i^tn^

1 79 Amp 16 V mu 1^ V mjn 5,000 «F .4 V HMS Ttrormal Br^mk

(01 Sttippiiig VMnflm: 3 is».

Oni^lplll VattBa? fito L&td) Output V F^n Lcuidi

Flllenng wufirti-iiQ-f ftippJe jFlllt Uslad} ^horlCtrcuil Prolectiun

CftM-yim*'i' jW) tiv

MODEL 102

NPC 2.5 Amp Pov^tr Supply. 4 Amp Man. Sdlkl Sllit Ov«ric»it Pfoiatfed.

IFuWions silently ifi (aiOvef

rng Wh vol Is AG Id 12 .vol

DC. 2.& amp^ conllniious, 4 amps max Enables anvonfr lo enjoy C

insulbQr ca/ B-irack cartridge, cassflte lape plsyej' or car radio In a Iiiut

or office

Continuous Current ll^uii Load). Output V04t*g« (Na Law3i» Ow^HA VoHBoc I Fun i. o«d} rUkJiMigiCipacitor l^pplfr {Full Uoad) SliDi^ Circuit PratQctlon

2.5 Amp' lAVmn

S.OO&WiF

Cass: 3"(H] k 4^'" |W) x 5^" (D) Stripping WeiQnh 4 Ibi.

A General Multi -purpose V-O^^s

• Drop B^sistant •Hami Site

• Model 310V^O-M

• Type 3

1. Drop^resistant, hand-size V-O-M with high^impact thermofttetic

Deafer Prpgrams NOW Available

2. 20,000 Ohms per volt DC and 5.000 Ohms per voJt AC: diode overload protection with fused Rxl Ohms range.

3, Single ran^e switch; direct rflading AC Amp ran^ to facilitate clampH^n AC Ammeter usage,

RANGES DC Volts: 0-3-1 2-60-300, 1.200 (20.000 Ohms per Volt).

AC Volts: 0-3-1 2^0-300-1,200 (5.000 Ohms per Volt).

OhfTts: 0-20k-200k-2Mf2-20M 12 (200 Ohm center scale on low

rangeK

DC Microamperes; 0-600 at 250 mV.

DC Milliamperes: 0-6-60-600 at 250 mV,

AcGuracv: ± 3% DC: ±4% AC; (full scale).

S<ale Length: 2-1 /a*\

Meter: Self -shielded; diode overlaad protected: spring backed jewels.

Case: Moldedr black, high impact thermoplastic with slide latch

pover for access to batteries and fuse, 2-3/4" w x 1 -5/16" d x 4-1 /4"

h.

Batteries: NED A 15V 220 (U, r^V 91 OF {%): Complete with 42"

leads, alligatoc clips, batteries and instmction manuaL Shpg. Wt. 2

lbs.

Model 310 Cat. No. 3018 • . * ► , • , , , ,,...., $53.00

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617 J 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • {617J 395-8280

imr

TEN -TEC

Dealer Programs NOW Avaiiabie

ARGONAUT

^00

AMfLli^lER =405

ARGONAUT, MODEL 509

Cnvers ah AmatDur bands 1 0-80 rneters. 9 JWH/ trvsial filter. 2,5 kHz barkdwidth. 1.7 stiiape f^ciof 1^ 6^50 dS points. Power reQuired 121 5 VDC ^ 1 50 mA receive, 800 iTtA iransTTTft at rated output. ConsTruaion: aluminum chassis, lop and I runt panels molded plasitc errd piineEs- Cream frofrt panel, i^ralnut vmyl lop snd end trim, Si^ei HWO 4'v" X 1 3" X T\ Weight 8 lbs.

LINEAR AMP LI F IE REMODEL 405

Covert all Amateur bands lO-EO meters. SO viAtts output iKxvver, qontinuous fine

wave. RF vvattmeter. SWR meter. Power required 12-15 VDC @ B A, max, Construc- tion; ajuminum chassis, top and from panel, molded plasnc side panels. &eam from panel, nAsJmit vinyl top ^nd &nd trim. Sr^e- HWD 4%-* * 7" y K' Weight 2V. lbs.

Argonaut, Model 509 , . , , , $359.00 Linear Amplifier, Model 405 . 159.00 Power Supply, Modal 2S1

(Will power tioth units} . , 85.00

Power Supply. Model 210

(Will power Argonaut onlyli . . 30 .DO

The new ultra-modern fully solid-state TRITON makes operating easier ADrd a lot more bm^ witlioiit the limiiatlona of vacuum hibes.

For <sm thmg^ yoni can change bands with the flick of a switch and no danger of off-reaonance damagi. And no detedomtiqn of pedormance with age.

But that's not all. A superlative 8-pole i-f filter and less than 2% audio distoiiion, transmitting and receiving, makes it the smoothest luid deanest signal on the air.

The TRITON IV ^pedflaitioit& are imp©:cable. For sel€ethit> . aUbiBty and fecdver s^mtivity. And it has features such as fuU CW foreek-in^ pfe- BclectabJ^ ALC, off-set tuning, separate AC power Hupply, 12 VDC operation, perfectly shaped CW wave fotxiit built-in BWR bridge and on and on.

For new standards of 5SB and CW oommunication. write for full details or bilk it qvET with your TEN^TEC dealer. We'd lika to tdl you why "Hiey

Don't Make 'Em Like They Used To" makes Ham Radio even more fun.

TRITON IV $699.00

Model 3^n One^Sixty Converter I 97.00 Model 244 Digital Readout ^^ 197.00

Mcxld 345 tyi Filler ....... S25.L. '

Model 249 Noise BLnkfir 29.00

Model 25 2G Powcf Supply 109.00

Model 262G Pov,^t-r Supply/VOX . . 1 39.00

TEN-TEC

TRITON IV

Digital Mcxld 544

S869,00

KR20-A ELECTRONIC KEYER

A fine instrument for all-around iiig.h perfor- mance electronic keying. Paddle actuation force is factory adjusted for rythmic smooth keying. Contact adjustments on front. Weighting factor factory set for optimum amoothness and articiJElation. Over-ride "straight key*' conveniently located for emphasis. QRS sending or tune-up. Reed relay output - Side-tone generator with adjustable level, 5ell«com pie ting characters. Plug-in circuit board. For 117 VAC, 50-60 lit. or €-14 VDC, Finished in creAtn and wajnut vinyL Price $69. &0

KR5-A ELECTRONIC KEYER

Similar to KRliO-A but without side-tone o&cjU^tor or AC power supply. Ideal for portable, mobile or fixed station. A great vttJue that will give years of trflublefree service. Housed in an attractive case with cream front, walnut ^-inyl lop. For 6-14 VDC operation. Price $39.50

KRl-A DELUXE DUAL PADDLE

PaddJe assembly is that used in the KR50, housed in an attractive formed aluminuno case. Price SB&.OO

KR2-A SINGLE LEVER PADDLE For keying conventional **TO" or discrete

cburucter keyers* as used in the KR20-A. Price $17.00

KR50 ELECTRONIC KEYER

A completely automatic electronic kcyer fully adju^ia^^le to your operalmg style and pTeference, speed, touch and wcithtingt the ratio of the length of dits and dahs to the space between them. Self-controlled keyer to transmit your thoui^hts clearly, iirticu- latelv and almost effortless. The jambie (squeeze) feature allows the insertion of dits and dahs with perfect tinnng.

An automatic weighting system provides increased character to space ratio at slower sp«eds, decreasing as the speed is increased, keeping the balance bet-ween smoothness at low speeds and easy to copy higher speed. High intelligibiJity and rythmic transmission is maintained at all speeds^ automaticaUy*

Memories pro%ided for both dits and dahs but either may be defeated by switches on the rear panel. Thus, the KR50 may be oi^erated an; a full iambic (squeeze) keyer, with a single memory or as a conventional type keyer. All characters are self-complet- ijiB, Price $110.00

SPECIFICATIONS

Speed Range: 6*50 w.p.m.

Weighting Ratio Range; 50% to 150% of

classical dil length.

Memories: Dit and dah. Individual defeat

switches. Paddle Actuation Force: 5-50 £ins. Power Source: 117VAC. 50*60 Hi. 6*14

VDC. Finish; Cream fronts walnut vinyl top and

side pane! trim. Output: Reed relay* Contact rating 15 VA,

400 V. max. Paddles: Torque drive with ball bearing

pivot. Side-tone; 500 Hz tone* Adjustable output to 1 volt. Si^e HWD; 'IVit 3c 5Mi*' Jc %W Weight; 1** lbs.

.*»

ii«r

KR50

4 ELEMEMT8EAM • 10-15-20 METERS Price : $239,95

From one package you receive every component to quickly and easiiy assemble your beam, ATB 34's rugged construction, full power handling capability, broad band coverage, and four active ^ernenis will give you superior performance on all three bands. Our new coaxial traps are very high Q, resulting In esttremcly low ohmic losses sod longqr full performance elements. They are ratad for 2KW power handling. Feed is direct 52 ohm through tha 1-1 baton, supplied at no extra cost.

■*! 4:= t IK ! c "•« L*J ;

J

vnflltTie IMItt AADO f 1 W P

V^CtflCATKMl

E^ic 1' t-em

BjltltaB4

**iq >

l|AttJ%

Now You Can Receive The Weak Signals With The ALL NEW

Model PT-2 it i tonHnuuui tuning 6-1 6U mrUr P^-Amp specirtcfllh designed fof Use wilh ^ LrjinnceiVf^r, The F1^-2 cojii' biiwfi IliF ffjtiiirf>i of I lie well kno^vn PT in III twiti frupliiiiticatcd 'folil rul rinridtr^ that prrmiti it to be atklrd lo >Trtuall} si« l/anficvii»cf with Nu mudifkatiofi. Ht^ nrriiiyt ham can he trithiHit uncp

AMECO

• tmpravei wneitriiH %bA sgnal-tcHKHK ratio -

• BiKwis iijffulj: tip I u 26 dh.

• For AM or S<SB.

■ Eiypaj3sefl iliiHr automatically if^hpfi llip Iranei^f'iver is tmniiiiiltirig. « FKTanipUfipi' ^v^ HJp«rio? rru€« mudiibliim proleclion.

• Advanced ■erlid-itatr rn'ciiitn ,

• Sini|^ (cj itifrlail.

« Improv^f immiinjt])- la travuceivn' front^md atertoad by uk of it« huEt-in atlenualor.

• Provide! niiiRl«r power conlrol for station equipments

MODEL PT4

$69.95

PREAMPLIFIER

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic A\fenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Bi9S%

The indispensable

BIRD model 43

THRULINE^ Wattmeter

Dealer Programs NOWAvaitabie

,r

Table 1

STANDARD ELEMENTS (CATALOG NUMBERS)

MODEL

Frequenry B<

indtfMH.

1}

Power R^riKC-

2-

35* 100-

200-

400>

W

Ml 2S0

^00

1000

S Millt^

t

\f\ ^C

3D

Si

10 watts

10A M1C

100

lot

2^ watfs

—

r.A 2^C

i^D

2M

^0 wms

^C)H

M\\ SCJC

5()D

50E

MM] v^aUti

HX)H

ini)A \mc

UK)D

KKJt

Z'JOwatis

J SON

1M\A 2StlC

2S0D

2*iOE

'(K)vfcati>

1(X)H

''.(Via ^IKC

"><K1D

SOOI

ICXJO^ imMJC

inaio

lOODE

2^00 waits SDOO wdit^

2^ii;)H iOODH

Read RF Watts Directly, m

0.45-2300 MHz, 1-10,000 watts ±5%, Low Insertion VSWR— 1,05.

Unequalled economy and flexibilitv: Buy only the element(s) covering your present frequency and power needs, add extra ranges later if your requirements expand.

43

Elements (Table l) 2-30 MHz Elements (Table 1) 25-1000 MHz

Carrying case for Model 43 & 6 eternents

Carrying case for 12 elements

( Specifv^ Type N or S0239 connectors)

PRICE

$120 42 36 26 16

V

^^^ ^^ ^fcy^ ^^ ^^ Novice CrvstuN (Specify Ban<

Novice CrvstiiN (Specify Band Onlyjj

TWO METERS

Motorola HT 220 Crystals

mu.

i CRYSTALS m STOCK In Stock!

IStandard • Icom • Heathkit • Ken • Ciegg • Regency • Wilson • VHF Eng •Drake •And Others! S4.50 @ Lifetime Guarantee

Make/Modef

Xmit Freq.

Rec. Freq.

VaZAU" BALUN

THi novtii uuiMi

k tlHl

\%im

ikM 2 !■ Ffr li* Inch t6« In^lvriirf I n la He Mv ui sTftiBuu Sim mil tilt *?Dsn i>tKftiE ^i>w nitt#

l^nAtES CENTER IHSIilATOI MilJiiliniM A^llnn* Pull d Uvtr -(iOQ lb|.

11!!^ IN uGHTHiMiC liitinR. -iteipt p^iinct Biruii — Could ^lu %wn

a WH MB If lU QL CHHHI 10'IW irlP Tifr«H*TllU5T...

BIG SIGNALS PONT JUST HAPP£»i —

give: ^m^ ANTENMA k BREAK

tMWl II f Mpllll t 1 HiplLhsi &4 *!- J^ Dhk iiBk^4n(l4 ltM< 4lllt1 b M

H TS ahp biiiivtd ifid 4 1 ttotfi ■jriiiipt go ir ts Mtm u*lil«ntii

AVAILABLE AT AU 1.£A[MNfi DEAL IRS IF MtlT, SROEI DIftECT

tIm bt t^f '"^r el 4wiliTr tti4l he legr ntf

SfOAlGl M -1 '!» «»»* t* l»i »*» Mil

Ha »w^f «t i* MW ^m*- '^ ' "

SERIES 31 — BNC CONNECTORS

Amphenoi's BNC connectors itre small, lightweight, weatherproof coirvnectors with bayonet auction for quick disco Qjiect appHlications.

Shelly, coupling tin^ and male contacts are

wccutBtcly niAChinefl from brass. Springs are made of beryilium copper. All parts in turn are ASTRO- plated® to give you connectors that can take constant handling^ high tempefatures and resist abrasion.

BNC BULKHEAD RECEP- TACL.E 31-221-3&5 UG-1094

Mates with any BNC plug. Ri^ceptacle can be mounted into panels up to 104^^ tbick. tl.25

BNC (M) TO UHF (F) ADAP- TER 309'2900-a8S UG 255 Adapts any BNC jack to any UHF plug, $3,63 DOUBLE MATIC ADAPTER 8 3^877<3fl5 Both coupUng rings are free turning- Con- nects 2 femaie components, $2.72

JACK ADPATER *1*95 aT&-l 0 2-385 Adapts 83-1SP-385 to Motorola type auto antf^nna }ack or pin jack. PANEL RECEPTACLE S3-IH-3S5 S0239 Mounts with 4 fasteners in 21/32** diamet«r hole, SI ^17 PANEL RECEPTACLE S3*a7a>3S5 S0239SH Mounts in single 21/32'' diameter hole. Knurled lock nuts pre^ vent turning. $1.&9 BNC ANGLE ADAPTER 31-009^385 UG*306 Adapts any BNC plug for tigbt angle use. $4.23

BNC TEE ADAPTER 3} -008-385 UG-274 Adapts 2 BNC plugs to 31-003-385 or other female BNC type rccep- tab)e. $4,66

^^^t

UG-1094

UG-273

83-677-a«5

STd^lO^-aafi

BNC(F) TO UHF (M) ADAP^ TEH 31-028-385 UG-273

Adapts any BNC plug to any UHF jack. $2. 3a PUSH-ON

83-5SP-385 Features an un- threaded^ springy shell to push fit on female connectors, $2.27

LIGHTNING ARRESTOR 575-105-385 Eliminates static build-up from antenna. Pro- tects your valuable CQulpment against U&blning damage* $4.80

BNC PLUG 31-002-385 UG- 88 Commonly used for com- municatlons antenna lead cables. For RG 55/U ik EG 58 /U cables. $1.59 BNC STRAIGHT ADAPTER 31-219-385 UG-914 I 9/32" iong« allows length of cables to be joined- Mates with BNC plugs. $2,12

BNC PANEL RECEPTACLE 31-003-385 UG-29Q Mounts with 4 fasteners in 29/64" diameter hole. $1-74

PL-259 ... 90(/ UG-175 (Adapt- er for RG 581) )

w m 9- mm- "J If

S0239

AMECO

ALL BAND PREAMPLIFIER

V%

UG-290

S0239SH

UG-30S

UG-274

83-5SP-385

UG*2&5

57&-105-385

UG-aa

UG-914

• 6 THRU 160 MEIERS

• TWO MODELS AVAILABLE

• RECOMMENDED FOR RECEIVER USE ONLY

- INCLUDES POWER SUPPLY

MODEL PLF employs a dua. gate FET providing noise fig ores of k5 to 3*4 db., de- pending upon the band. The weak signal performance o1 most receivers as well as image and spurious rejection arc greatly improved. Overail gain is in excess oF 20 db« Panel eor^tains switching that trans- fers the antenna directly tc the receiver or to the Preamp. Model PLF IITV AC, 60 Hz. Wired & Tested $44.00

Model PCLPUses

nuvistor , , , . , S44.0Q

Tutts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (6171 395^280

Tufts Radio Elecuonjcs • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

it:

Now Ws Crystal Clear

Ves, now ICOM helps you stuer clear of all the hassles of channfil crvstals. The iii?iw IC'22S Is (he samir surprtsing^ radio yt>u've come tq Mnn^Vi' and love as th(> tC'22A, rKCept thai ll i;S totally crystiiJ ind«peiKl«iL Zmttt crystal*., SoJtd ^tate cngiiieering mobiles you lo prograni 2J chacinelfi of your choice wlthouf uaitmg. No«' the ICOM performiince vfHj've demanded comes wHU iht tonvenimcc you've ftantedt with youT new IC^22$. PrJC&: S^9M0

Hold it!

Take- h«ld (»r ^B with thf^ two low cod twins, ICOM^S new portahl*? IC-SCKt and IC-503 put it withm ^-our reach wh«feir«r jwu are, You can uke it wtih .vo« to the hi H top, die highwaytt. or the beach. Thr«f pnnahk watts PEP on two metefw w ^txl

It* llo, DX! The ICOM quality and exc^slknt recpjvi^rchiiriiuteriKtiL'jsorthiifi p^iir makf bulky imnverters and luw band rigs unniieiwfliiry (or ^^attinig btarled in SSB-VHF Yeju juat udd vcnir Iiaear ump. ifyoiui wish, roiinect to Lijt" antenna, and DX! With the 202 yoy fnay fjilk thmui;h OSCAH VI and VII' Even transwive Willi an "qp^ r^ctnving cniiVert^r' The tC-SDS, ^imi- l^frij, makes use of si i nn^teri in w^ys that ymj would have uJwavs liked by $ oouid never hoine before. In fact* there are so many things la try. ii a Like upening a now band.

Take hold orSinf le Side; Band. TaJte hold ofHDniL" excilumnnt. Tukt^ two.

A<Mr SZS9M

K

WPO'Firn

-kA

«■

IC 245 Transceiver

The VFO Revolution goes mobile with the unique, ICOM developed LSI synthesizer with 4 dig ft LED readout. The IC-245 offers the mOft for mobilB on tti^a mgrket. Th£ ^a^V to use tuning knob moves accurately over 50 detent steps and as:surei excellent control as easily as steering the vehicle. With its optional adapter, the IC-245 puis you into all mode operation on 12V DC power witti a compact dash-mounted transceiver. In FM* the synthesizer command fre- quency is displayed in B kHz steps from 146 to 148 MHz, and with the side band adapter the step rata drops to 100 Hz from 144 to 146 MH2« For maximum repeater f lexibililVr tine tran$mft and receive frequencies sre independently pro^ammabie on ar^y separa- tion. The IC-24S even comes equipped with a multiple pin Moiex connector for ramote control. The IC-245 is a product of the revolution in VFO design, from its new style front panel, to its excellent mechanical rigidity and Large Scale Integrated Circuitry. Yoiif IC'245 win give you the most for mobile. $499,00

THE NEW ICOM 4 MEG, MULTI-MODE, 2 METER RADIO - IC 211

ICOM introduces ttie first of a great new wave of amateur radtos, with new styling^ ne<w versatility, ne^ integration of functions. You've never before laid eyes on a radio like the iC-21 1, but you'll recognize what you^ve got when you first turn the single-knob frequency control on this compact new modeL The IC-21 1 is fully synthesized in 100 Hz or 5 kHz steps, wfth dual tracking, optically coupled VFOs displayed by seven-segment LED readouts^ providing any aplit. The IC'211 rolls through 4 megahertz as easily as a breaker through the surf. With its unique ICOM developed LSI synthesirer, the IC-21 1 is now the best "do everything*' radio for 2 meters, with FM. USB, LS6 and CW operation. $749.00

Now ICOM Introduces 15 Channels of FMto Go?

The New 10-215: the FM Grabber

ThiE Is ICOlVTft fiist FM ponable, and ll puts gcKid times on th« 90^ Chiin^f v^'hk'Ei?^, wii\k rhroujjh the^ [larlt, rlimb « hill, and ICOM qualify FM communlraliun* go right along with ytm. Long la«;t[n^ inU'irnal bAneries make portable FM jenH^- pornWr. whik actzessjbk leaftiies. nuke cuHwiwoii to extrmaJ pmMr and anieaaa fict «nd ea«^.

Giali iDf Oemlt^lic^ with ibe tttw 1021S FM porubW.

• Ff oni nifHintt'd coiutioli afirf iop

« N^nwfikaU^KHi— coBfwUble

» lS<;b.nii9U|l2«i«d/3p«i«fty«

■ Fully codepiittile MtHtimM

« CampAllbtf niDunl (qiAtUce fof diKible anteniui

• DuAl pswfrtS vMCi» hkgh / 400 miv kiw.

• U3h!*^iSii(

^~

■41* M

tamm

o-o-

WMic^m

pFiEK S229M

VliUi '\rm IC'tl-l^ inap'i iuj.ni|i»«i wirh- 5 pii|i|il>i ihjinn^b, bi^iidhrU mk, "lit* piiiti.t.lin c

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

model 333 durnmv lo^d wattmeter

Fivofitf LigtiTwEJght Portable -2&0 WATT BAT1NG-

Atr Cooled Id^t fteUi sef vies unit tor mob tic 2'i«iv fadiD— Cfl. msfine. busiiicis^ band, Best for QRP arruitaur use, CB, with zero lo

5 walls tuH scale low power range, a tpccificatiom

EIC ta 300 MHi

Lastlwi 13 1 to230MHt 250 wMtE tntw fBittwil 0 -5 . 0-60, 0- 1 2S , O- 2^ S0239

4"nr- ■«'■

2111*.

Ft HqutAtry Rm14«

Fomm Rwif* Wjittm«ift Rin|g«i CannictDf fill*

_iiiOCiit 374 durmmy load wattm«K*r_

Top of ttw Ltn»-t500 WATT RATING-Oil Co«lWl

Our hignesi pctmst combiFi^tton unit. Rated lo IBOO waits inpul tin term fiteni). M«ier ranges are individually r^librai^d fctr h^ghefi ^curacy; ■ ipicifi cation I

FrvqiMncY ^ VSWift

Wnimptar Hingvi Input Cann«ctor

DC 14 300 MHi

L«i ftiwi 13- 1 to 230 MHt

15O0 ««n3 DC mtaffnhttfvl.

0-15, 0- BO, 0-300. D-l&OO S0-^3d {hsmwrhultv Hat«tl 4'3/4" Ri" s 1Q-1/4"

ssnsno

BARKER & WILLIAMSON, INC.

Economv High Powei Load- 1500 WATT RATING

Oil Cooled

modtf 384 dymmy load

Foi ^tigt* powpf rtheti all you need is the load.

• fp<cificationt

¥SWR

Shifipiflg l^cif hi PnoB

[>C m 300 9mn

l«ii HiHi 1 J:1 w 230 MHj

l&DO witti ift4*rmftlftrit» WurHiinig light* ugnils maHiTiiLJin hMT IliHrtd,

SO 2» ^h#rrTi«1iMHv W»l^( *-a^«~ tt3' m 10-1/2"

Ht^h Power -1000 WATT RATING-CNlCooled

mpd«l 334A dummy ki»d wattrn«t«r Our most paput^ cro-n^Fnaiion umt Handkes ful^ amaieuf power. Meter ranges indrvidualW i:aYibraT€d. Can be panel mounted. a ijHcificAtioni

Ff«i|i«anc¥ Raftfa VSl^R

Wanmai»r Rin^it

Ifipul Connv^Of

Sin

DC ta 900 MHi

Las itMn 1 .3-1 ti> 230 MHe

IQOO ifrJrt^tp CW itttarmittmt. Watnrriii iiqKl * M(Fn.ili mtxiniUimi haat ^imil,

0-10. 0-100. 0-^0. 0-1000

50 239 Ili«i(?wtie^i4lv i^^it^i 4-3/4- «*■'« 'tO-1M"■ t2faa.

51 74X10

LITTLE DIPPER

r

model 33 '(A

tmniittor dip mstAr.

PoriabFe RF spngle g^rkSfator. signal rnonitof, of absorpti ivavemeter. Ljghtweighi |1 pOLOid. 6 ounces wtti all ocsi bat (erv -cowfireil umt ts Kleai tor lield utr «> i^t iranscei ^ert, lunm^ «ntavi9(. etc, Cin a^so be used measure capacitv. inductance, c^rcuir Q, and oiher facie IridrspenrBalbli^ for ex peri morn ers. iT ts easily the rfti varsatjje insti urgent m thy i^i'iop. Continucius cOwGnagR In 2 MH? to 230 MH/ in seven riir^ges. Uitii doniisti oi i transistor tiad RF di^ osallator a tOCNmcroam^enp meter circuit, M«t9 c^cu»l uaes ungle trona^stor DC amplifier w»th a poientioniefer m t emttier circuit lo control mffter sensnivitY. A 3-fX^IJ stlide switch connetti the meter prcuil to the osallator \ dip rneasurements. So a diode for Bbwrpcion wave'Tiel 0€!ak measbremenis. or prov^d^ sudi'O modutaiton ol t RF iignal

FrequerKv d«ai Has a (2iit»fdied reference poif^i <or U ar banctwfdit^ m^surem^ts. Eachcnil has itsowrt Irequen dial There's no conlusion rt^iiti rnyltipJe markings o* sma hard -to-read icales, ni^r the reamer of ll^e diak

a ifHCittatiORi

2 MNl Id 730 MHx HI f DWf UDptfif r«n^)ai by t^ut iTi ttii iHjaii 4)1^1 2 MK<-4 MHr. 4 MHt^ MHe, B MM£-16 MMi. le MH(-32 MHt, 32 MHi-W MHi. 10 MMi-1 10 Ml- 1IOMHf-230MH2

Aceuf*^

t3%

Modylaticin

MMU Hi. 2511 lo 40%

P&IWf

9«ott trarwaiief %MtM^, Bursas 21>€ 0^ «]unn(l*nt

Sica

7" It 2 1/4^' mZ 172-'

Stiipping WamNr Pticm

1 Ib.fiai.

WIDE RANGE ATTENUATOR

Model 371-1

Protect your r^ceiwr or convt-rler ff^rn overtaad. o' pii, vide step attenuation of low lie ve^ RF ^tgndii ''om si|fB qiF'nefators, preamptitiers. or conwe^tE^rs. Seven rockf iwjtches provide atter^iuiiit ion trom "I 08 to 61 t^ •» l-dl flops. Switches ar« marijed *n dB^ 1 2-35-^ 20 20 S^^n e aCtiiat^ swildhes IIN position) givis drttenualion With a! switches in OUT posihon. \hei^ a NO insenion losi Atfonuaior installi m c^oaxial hne ustnej UHF connectori.

I specif iatioru

r^Bwu Cagactv

VSWR

Inipfidjncii

St**

SliHplhni Waiffal

ptnea

1/4

1 ^: I rntiMtnuni. DC to 22S MHt

50 Dhmt

1 d&fdB, DC to 60 MHZ

0 1 dS.'dB 9 5 dB. DC l& 160 MHt

OJ tm.tiB ' t 0 dQ, DC 19 225 MHt

»49jS0

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford (VIA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electron tcs • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Handle full 200 uiatts • Iow4ow V.S.W,R, •Deliver 3 dB gain and more! •Pick the one that best fits yourneeds:

"^Lnrsen Kulrod Antennas

MAGNETIC MOUNT

stays put even at lOOmphl

MM-JM-150 for 144 MHz use] MM-JM 220 for 220 MHz use J

TRUNK UD MOUNT

No holes and low silhouette tool

Only $38.50

TLM-JM 150for144 MHzuse^ TLM-JM^220for 220 MHz use TLM-JM^440 for 440 MHz use.

And T/4 wave antenna for trunk and magnetic mount — $18.50

Only $38.50

cornptete

ROOF or FENDER MOUNT Goes on quick and easy

in 3/8" or 3/4" with

fewest parts-

JM-150-Kfor144MHzuse JM^220^K for 220 MHz use JM-440*K for 440 MHz use

A

Only $31.50

MM-JM-440 for 440 MHz use) complete

Above antBnnas ali cofTTp/ere with mot/ntrng hardware, cosx^ connector piug^ at fen wrench and complete instructions.

complete

And 1/4 wave antenna for roof and fender mounts $11 ,50

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COAXIAL ANTENNA CHANGEOVER RELAY

377

Ouput ImfHBlinoi

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Model 372 - S27.50

7 W

Model 377 -$17.95

iDdD *irr»CW iTOQO v^i^i 55«l L4H lh>fi MS T. OC ia tBO MHi

UNtVERSALHYSRtD COUPLER II PHONE PATCH

iTwdtl 3002W «nd •noM M01W.

Coivvci vow fuion io Thai wmfftit* ^^^uHl Fn« ipltlMi^ tftt Itltion to riw ifTW «Fi4 Iflf $1^ ■■tailMnand

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BARKER A WILLIAMSON, INC.

Model 359 - $37.50

Lifit

Model 300 2W with Compreamp

- $125.00

Ha^OQltflMil

Deafer Programs NOW Available

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Model 300 1W without Compreamp

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— COAXIAL SWITCHES AND ACCESSORIES

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Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

Tufts Radio Electronics

There is no substitute for quality, performance, or the satisfaction of owning the very best.

Hence, the incomparable Hy-Gain 3750 Amateur transceiver. The 3750 covers all amateur bands L8-30 MHz (!60'10 meters). It utilizes advanced Phase-Lock-Loop circuitry with dual gate MOS FETs at all critical RF amplifier and mixer stages. There s a rotating dial for easy band-scanning and an electronic frequency counter with digftal readout and a memory display that remembers frequencies at the flip of a switch. And that's just the beginning.

Matching speaker unit (3854) and complete external VFO (3855) also available.

See the incomparable Hy-Gain 3750 at your radio dealer or write Department MM« There is no substitute.

209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

I

T - .

1 1 ■

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■

3a&4-$^.9fi

3760- S1895.00

3flK - SAmm

There is no substitute

v/ ^^■\^Aiiwteur PUdki Systems.

Deafer Programs NOWAvailabfe

Super

3-Et«mf nt Tbunderbird for 10. 1 5 and 20 MeUrs M^Tdrt TUaMk3 — $199.95

Hy-Qsin » Super 3-etemenl ThuTHlcrtrirdfielivers outstanding pefform- ance on 10, 15 and 20 meters, The TH3Mk3 features seporflte and rnaithed Hy-0 traps far each band, and feeds wiih 52 ohm coast Hy-Gain Beta Match presents tapered Impedance for mosl efficient 3 band mate hlng. and provides DC giround U> eUmifiale precipitation stMk. The TH3^^JlI deMvef^ m«xifnum F/B rMio. and SWR U^s than 1 .5^1 al resonvKt OA afl bandft. hs mechankai^' supetiot c&nstruciion festures taper swaged skxted tubing for easy adjustmcnl and larger diameter. Comes equipped with heavy tillabie boom-lo-mast clamp, Hy-GaIn ferriEe balun Bfi-SS b recommended for use with ttie TH3Mk3.

Electric Bi

Front-ioi-bacfi ra^ici SWH itA resonajice)

Impedance Power ralir^

Mechanical

Longest ckmeriit floom lenglh Turning radium Wmd load A BO MPH MoKlmifm wind s^Lo^al

J'Aast dtarrveier jiccepted Surface area

a7dB

25dB Less than

13:1 50 ohms MaK legEil

ttOMhJ

8dB 25dB L^es$ than

13:1 50 ohrm Mat legal

31 r

24'

20'

156 lbs.

100 MPH

57 lbs.

1 V«* to Z^Y

6,1 &q. H_

27'

15 7' 1032 100 MPH

36lbi l'-4''to2^'i' 4.03 sq. ft

6-Elemem So per Thimder- bird DX fax 10, 15 and 20

Meters Mcwlel THii DXX $2493& Separate HY-Q

traps, featuring large diameter coils that develop an exceptionally favorable L/C ratio a ad very hi^h Q, provide peak pcrfotmance on ^ch band whether working pbone or CW. Exclusive Hy-Gain beta Tnatch« lactorr pre tuned, io-Sures nuixiinum fiain and F/B ratio without com- promise. The TH6DXX feeds vi/Hh 52 ohm coaxial cable II nd delivers less than 1.5; I SWR on aU bands. Mechanically superior con- struction features taper swaged, slotted tubing for easy adjustment itnd re- Adjustment, and for larger diameter and less wind loading. Full circumference compression clamps replace Sfi If -tapping sheet metal screws, Includes large diameter, heavy gauge aluminum boom, heavy cast aluminuna boom-tO' mast clamp, and heavy gau^e mu chine formed ele- n»ent-to4joom brackets, Hy-Gs*in*s ferrile balim BN-86 is recommended for use with the TH6DXX-

HY-GAlhi'S HVfCOMPARABLE

HY TOWER

FOR 80 THRU 10 METERS

ModtO 18HT

V Outstanding Omni- Directional Performance

• Automatic Bund Switching

* Installs on 4 kq. ft. of r>tal estate ^Completely Self-Supporting

By any standard of measurements the Hy-Towci is unqtiee^ tionably the finest muki'band vrrticaj antenna system on the market today. Virtually indestructible, the Model 18HT features automatic band selection on BQ thru 10 meters through the use of a unique stub decoupliniE system u^hich effectively isolates varioui sections of the antenna so that an elei"lrlcal V* wavt^lcngth (ot odd multiple of a Vt wavelength) eKJst.^ on all blinds. Fed with 52 ohm coax, it lakes maximum Icsial power . » . delivers outsLandin^: performance on aU bands. With the addition of a base lojtdin£ coil« it also deUvers outstanding performance on 160 meters. Strueturallv, the Model 18HT Is built to last a lifetime. Rucged hot-aipped galvantT^ed 24 ft* tower requires no gruyea5upports. Top roa^ti which extends to a height of ^0 Ft., i* 6061 ST6 tapers aluminum. All hafdware is iridite treated to MIL specs^ If you^re looking for the epitome in vertical antenna livjitems, you^ll want Hy-Towcr. Shpg. Wt.. 96.7 lbs. Order No. 182* Price: S279.95

NEW Special hinged base assembly on Model IfiHT allows complete assembly of antenna at i^round kvel . . . permits easy raising and lowering of the antenna*

BROAD BAND DOUBLET BALUN for 10 thru SO meters Model BN-86 $15.9^

The model BN*86 balun provides optimum balance of power to both sides of any doublet and vastly improves the transfer of i^nergy from feed line to antenna. Power capacity is 1 KW DC. Features weatherproof construction and built-in mountinE brackets, $15.95 Shpg, Wt. 1 lb- Order No, 242

o

MULTl'BAND HY-Q TRAP DOUBLETS Hy*Q Traps

■ Install Horizontally or as Inverted V

■ Supcr-Streneth Aluminum Clad Wire

■ Weatherproof Center and End losulaton

Installed hori/ontally or as an inverted V, Hy-Gain doublets wnth Hy-Q traps deliver true half wavelength performance on every design frequency. Matched traps, individually preiuned for each band feattire large diameter colls that develop an exceptionally favorable L/C ratio and very bifth Q performance. Mechanically superior solid aluminum trap housings provide maximum protec- tion and support to the loading cotL Fed with 52 ohm coaxi Hy*Gain doublets employ super-strength aluminum clad single strand Steel wire elements that defy deterioration from salt water and smoke ... will not stretch . . . withstand hurneane*Uke winds, SWR less than 1.5; I on all bands. Strong, lightweight, weatherproof center insulators are molded from high impact cyolac. Hardware is iridate treated to MIL specs. Heavily serrated 7-inch end instdators molded from high impact cycolac increase leakage path to approximately 12 inchei.

MODEL 2BDQ for 40 and 80 metein. 100* 10^*' overaU. Takes

maximum legal power. Shpg. Wt,, 7.5 lbs $49.95

Order No* 380

MODEL 5BDQ for 10, 15. 20, 40 and 80 meters. 94' overall.

Takes maximum power. Shpg, Wt., 12.2 lbs, $79.95

Order No. 383

r

CENTER INSULATOR Band Doublets Model CI

for MuUi^

Strong lightweight, weatherpiroof Mode) CI is molded from high impact cycolac. Hardware is irtdite treated to

MIL $^pecs* Shpg. Wt.,

155

Accepts ^" or W coaxial- 0.6 lbs. f 5.95 Order No.

MULTI-BAND ANTENNA

Dipole Antenna ^ Model DlV-80

$13.95

For 10 thru 80 meters — choice of one band

A dipole antenna for the individuals who prefer the "do-it*yotir- self" flesdbiUty of custom -designing an antenna for your specific needs. (Work the fFequenctea you wish in the 10 through 80 meters bands).

The DIV-80 features: Dumble Copperweld wire for greater strength, Moaley Dipole Connector (DPC-1) for RG-SAJ or RG-58/U coax and aU the technical information you wiU need to construct your custom designed antenna.

END INSULATORS for Doublets Model EI

Rugged 7-inch end itwulators are molded from hi£h impact cycolac that is heavily serrated to increase leakage path to approximateiy 12 inches. Available in pairs only. Shoe. Wt** 0*4 lbs. $3.95 Order No. 156

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (6171 395^8280

WIDE BAND VERTICAL

for 80-10 Meters Hy-GaJn's18AVT/WB

Tik« the wide band, omni-diT^ctional perTormance or Hy-Ctain's fftmflus MAVQ/WB. add 80 nwter capabihty pluw extra-heav},' duty constnicticm -and you have the iittrivaJ]«d new 18AVT/WB. In other words, you hav€ quite an antenna.

■ Automatic b witching, five band Mpability tsac- compliBhed thrttygh the use of three beefed-up Hy-Q traps (f^alLLring large diAmetercdils that develop an exceptJonaUy favorable UC ratio!.

■ Top loading ooiL

• Across-the-band performance with jtiat on« fur- nished setting for each band tlO through 40).

• True 1/4 wave resonance on all bands.

• SWR of 2:1 or leas at band edges,

• Radiation pattena has an outstandingly low angle whether roof top or ground mounted.

CONSTRUCTION , , , of extra*heavy duty tapered a waged iieamless alumi- num tubing with fuU circumference, corrosion resistant compression clamps at slotted tubing joints. ..ie S4> rugged and rigid thai, although the antenna is 25' Ln height, it can be mounted without guy wires^ uaing a 12" double grip mast bracket, with recessed coax connecter.

Order No. 386 Price: $97.00

Th« Versatile Model IdV fc>r 80 thru ID Meters

lltP Medef IBV h • Iwc^Mlt. ht^lttit c#cwiis vtrtiCBl uimuw iMl trnm be- luito^ 10 BSf Ibii4 M ibu tW tmu.it. hy # Hm^pl* ^^matmn^ a£ Lht ttw4 pmra «l Hit iMldnim lHi*r la^iKttr VM »illli. St ^Ikm ttm*. ihtm Mi ft rmAiMtmr tM «fn«jin]^l7 clAcirnl Ibr DX or local antdct Can^tntcted tit.

iMritr KlUlt* Jtliflin^Mffl Lklbm^t, IIWM||i«}h^ IXV m4|> hv iriM^IJ^il^ Mf| ■ l|>«7r|

1^ Inch maal driVvn inVu ihr j^njutid It la iiiIm> mJ-vpLablf Ui mif Mr Liwfr

mfluntmn Highly pwf in hi f, iKi* Mud rt IftVcftn br^uicrhJy kfni^krtJ dtfwrt to un i^^pnill' It'-ri^lh (»r ^ ft UTid ii-Aiii.|y M'tJEE^mbl^Kl fcir flipld dii^'u ijnd rumpini^

Or(l*tN£i 193 Piici S33J0O

ALL NEW 3-BAND, 2 ELEMENT HY-QUAD

• Itthra »tt «9[]ui qui lb ttlnolr^c^

■ Coifiplrir - rtaihtiif i-lie- la buy

■ HJfh Mrenall3.l»w wliid I Did Tito (lv-4^u»d ffutn Uvl^Ji'n mikri »|l 43|}Kr ^jUadiubtukeli?' Hcrt'i wtiy Fim. U'a tiK usil> ^h||d ihii A <uni|riflr Thdc: !■ uoilntii □»» la ih«p Itr

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0ftl«rNa244 f^a &|%9S

SFECIFICATIDNS

Stapm

<*t-ndi Had ,

1{»

Fiif*nf<| sain

FfBf4«4«C^ rii*

VukvuiiflSi't

For 10, 1S, and 20 Meters New Hy-Gain Model 12 AVQ

Completely self-supporting, the Model 12AVQ features Hy-Q traps... 12" double- grip mast bracket... taper swaged seamless aJuminuin construction with, full cir* cumference compression clamps at tubing joints. It delivers outstanding low angle radiation. SWR is 2:1 or less on all bands. Overall height is 13' 6". Shipping weight 7.2 lbs. Price: $47.00 Order No. 384

New, improved successor to the world's most popular verticakl Hy^ain Modal 14 AVO/WB for 40 10 Meters.

^Wide band p#rf ormancd with ana sotting (optimum settings for top performanoe fta-nishad) • New Hy-Q Traps * New 12" Double-Grip Mast Bracket * Taper Swag^ad Seamier Aluminum Construction

The Model 14AVQi^WB, new improved successor to the world famous Model 14AVQh is a self-Hupporting. automMlic band switciiing vertical thai deU vers omm-directional performance on 40 through 10 metera. Three separate Hy-Q traps featuring large dJameler coils that develop an exceptionally favorable L/C ratio and a very high Q, provtde peak performance by effectively isolating sections of the antenna so that a true 1/4 wave resonance exists on all bands Outstiindmgly low angle radiation pattern makes DX and other long haul contacts easy Superior mechanical features include aohd aluminum housing for traps using air dielectric capacitor. . heavy jjauge taper swaged seamless aluminum radiator, full

circumference compression ciamps at tubmg Joints that are resistant to corrosion and wear and a 12"

double-grip mast bracket that insures maximum ngidity whether roof-lop or ground mounted. The Model 14AVQ/WB also delivers excellent performance on 80 meters using Hy-Gain Nfodel LC-80Q Loading Coil. Overall height is 18 f£jct Shipping weight 3.2 lbs. Unsurpassed portability... outstand- ing for permanent installations. Price: S67.Gio Qfder No. 385

■nrpiCAL i4Ava/wB vswr curves

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ROOF MOUNTING KIT- Model 14RMQ provides rugged support for Model 14AVQ/WB. Order No. 184. Price: $28.95

Hy-Sain REEl TAPE PORTABLE DIPOLE for 10 thru BO Meters Model 18TD

Tht most portable hifh perfonnancs dipole tver^

XH« Ifadel I^TD » fniqiitAlJiaaiayy Lhe most foolprwif hi^ pcrfonRflJice partdbla dm^ktfft antAEina syat^m rver develo|Kd JE has prt^v^'ii tnvmltublr tn pi^vidin^ rvlJAbk cummumcationi lh vital mtliury and CDmmcririal'BppiicatJDfis through' out the world Two staininaa atee! tape», calibrated In meters, txtttrd rrom eithvnr ilde or t.hu main hou»mR Up to a toU) dmtanc^ of I2t Fe^t far 3 5 mt operBtion. 2Jj ft. length]), of poEyprDpylene rope MtlBched to ffath tape ptrrniitj idstallotion \xt fpoles, inse*. buildin^^i whatever ia available for fcirmiTLg a dt^uhlel anLeniui nypicbL iM/ci^m^nA %n }ive hi|^ tfbtm^ hoofiAf J4 « fr«qmk«fK7 ^ im^ oaovenkm dHart etliinloi Ijd meter EiKitfUTviimit£ iin tfaa lapw «*f^— instellauon iwlpnwf Fncb '■lifa S3 oimi coax, DrtiTEn cuiatanding pwfai—JB» Ai * pDttabtr or pcnHaftttii iiuKllrtim. Mffasurei t'0K5V^x2 iiKba nEtrmebeil Wl^ 4.1 Hib. Order Ma. 22S INio: »« je

Z)b«3?&T- MLA-2500 $799,50

DeoTron Rad^o has packed aM the features a Hnear amplifier should have Into thalr new MI-A-2S00. Any Warn who worki it c^r\ tell you the MLA-250Q really was built to make arnatslir radio more fun.

ALC circuit to prevent overloading

160 thru 10 meters

1000 watts DC input on CW, RTTY or

SSTV Continuous Duty Variat>ie forced air cooling system Self-contained contiriuous duty power supply Two ElMAC 887 5 external anode ceramic/ metal triodes operating in grounded grid Covers MARS frequencies without modifications 50 ohm input and output Impedance Built-in RF watt meter 1 1 7 V or 234V AC 50-60 hi Third order distortion down at least 30 db Frequency range;

l,8MHz (l.B-2,5) 3.5MHz (3.4-4.6) 7M HZ (6.0*9,0) 14MHz (ll.0-l6*0j 21 MHZ (16.0^22.0) 28MH2 (28-0-30.0) 40 watts drive for 1 KW DC input Rack mounting kit availat^le fl9" rack) Size: 5Vi" H X 14" W x 14'^ D Wt. 47 lbs.

*pipo cgommunications

TROUBLE FREE TOUCH-TONE ENCODER

POSITIVE TOUCH tK£YSQEPflESS)*MOatLE»HAMDH£LD DESK MOUNT m m POTTED PARTS (SERVfCEABLE^ MIL. SPEC. COMPONENTS • NO RFI • S£LF CONTAINED XTAi COJ>iTROLiEO • lEVEL ADJCJSTABtE FROAI f HONT

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Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

-C - LINE AMATEUR EQUIPMENT

Drake R-4C

Solid State Linear permeabillty^tuned VFO with 1 kHz dial divisions. Gear driven dyal circular dials. High mechanical, electrical and temperature sta- bility.

Covers ham bands with crystals furnished. Covers all of 80, 40, 20 and 15 meters, afKi 28.5- 29-0 MH2 of 10 n>eters.

Covers t@0 meters with accessory crystal. In addition to the ham bands, tunes any fifteen 500 kHz ranges between 1.5 and 30 MHz. 5.0 to 6.0 MHz not recommended. Can be used for MARS, WWV, CB, Marine and Shortwave broadcasts.

Superior selectivity: 2 4 kJHz 8-pote fitter pro- vided in ssb positions, 8,0 kHz, 6 poie seiectiviiy for a-m. Optional 8-pole filters ot 2S. .5* 1.5 an6 6.0 kHz bandw^dths available.

Tunable nolch fitter attenuates earners witbm passband.

Smooth and precise passband tuning.

Transceive capability; may be used to trans- ceive with the T-4X, T-4XB or T-4XC Transmitters. IHuminated dial shows which PTO is in use.

Usb. Isb. a-m and cw on alt bands.

Age Witt) fast attack and two release time$ for ssb and a-m or fast release lor break*in ew. Age also may be switched off.

New high efficiency accessory noise blanker that operates in all modes.

Crystal lattice filter in first M prevents cross- modylation and desensitization due to strong ad^ jaceni Chan net signals.

Excellent overload and inter modulation char- acteristics.

25 kHz Calibrator permits working closer to band edges and segments.

Scratch resistant epo)<y paint finish. Price: S^^.OO

DRAKE

COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVERS-

Power Supplies

Powtr Suppliti for T-4. T-4K, T-4XB or T»4XC (The Ae-4 can Ei« hoysed in an MS-4 speaker cabinet^

Mode! No. 1501 Drake AC^ SI 20.00 Model Mo. 1505 Drake 00-4 $t 35 .IX)

Drake MS-4

Drski MS-4 Matching Sp««k«r for use wUh R-4, R-4A. R-4B and R-4C R^ceiver^ fHas spaca to hou»Q AC'3 and AC*4 Power Suppiiesl

Price: S 33,00

Drake T-4XC

Sotid State Linear permeability- tuned VFO with 1 kHz dial divisions. Qear driven dual circular dials^ High mechanical, electrical and temperature stability.

Covers ham bands with crystals furnished. Covers all of GO, 40, 20 and IS meters, and 28.5- 29.0 MHz o( 10 meters.

Covers 1 60 meters w*th accessory crystal Four 500 kHz ranges in addition to the ham bands plus one fixed-frequency range can be switch* selected from the front panel.

Two 8-pole crystal lattice filters for sideband selection.

Transce*ves with the R-4. B-4A. R-4B, R^+C and SPft-4 Receivers. Switch on the T-4XC setecfe frequency control by receiver or transmitter PTO or independently. Illyminated dial shows which PTO is in use.

Usb, Isb, a^m and cw on all bandSn

Controlled'Carrfer modulatron for a-m is com^ patiNe with ssi> linear amplihers

Automatic transmit- receive switching Sepa- rate VOX time-delay adjustments for phone and cw. VOX gain rs independent of microphone gain.

Choice of VOX or PTT. VOX can be disabled by front panel switch.

Adjustable pi network output.

Transmitting age prevents flat-lopping.

Meter reads relative output or plate current with switch on load controL

Built-in cw sidetone.

Spotting function for easy zero-beating.

Easily adaptable to RTTY, either fsk or afsk.

Compact size; rugged construction. Scratch resistant epoxy paint finish.

Price: $699 X>0

Accessories

DRAKE MICROPHONES

WiTBd for U90 With Draiifl Iransmitlart and trani»c«variv for «4mw push-to-liUior VO)C Typ# ol (>p*rabofii is cfAttnntrwdi by thfl VOX i^onlrol atfUfig of Ifit barsfnit^

^dj D««l( T;

D««k Typ« Mode! P*o 7075

* lyp*: Huvv Oyty C«f amic Desh Top • Cstsla; four Fool, 3- Conduclor, One Shi old * Output

|.flv*l: Mmus S4 d@ (Cf tfB ^ 1

vcillmicrobar) • Fr«{^u«ncy H>-

piMU»: ^Q-TOOQ Hz * Swltchfng:

Adapts to •ithflT pu^di-io-l^k or

^ VOJL prica, $39.00

HartchHeld Type Mcxlei No 7072

• T^^a: Coramic, hand hafd • Cabl«^ 11" Retraclad, S eKtendad, PVC 3 Cord, 1 sriifldAd. Coi] Cprd * C«t«: CycDiac • FIfilfth: Gro-y • Output Mrwaii Minuii I9S da |0 dS « 1 voW myi^ob^) m Ff*gM4ncv ll«*pOAa«: 300-3000 Hi • SwiicMng: AH^^ts to ■tlhar push-ti>ia]lk; o( VOX

Price: $l9i>0

Drake SPR4" $699.00

• Programmable to meet specific requirements: SWU Amateur, Laboratory, Broadcast, Marine RadlOt etc.

• Direct frequency dialing: ISO^SOOkHz plus any 23 500 kHz ranges, 0.5 to 30 MKz

• FETcirctiftry, all sofid state « Linear dial, 1 kHz readout

• Band- widths for cw, ssb, «-m with buitt^in LC filter

• Crystals supplied for LW, seven SW, and be bands

• Notch filter

• Buflt-ln speaker

Drake DSR-2 -$3200.00

• Continuous Coverage 10 kHz to 30 MHz

• Digital Synthesizer Frequency Control

« Frequency Displayed tolOOHt

• All Solid State

• A-m, Ssb, Cw, RTTY, Iftb

• Series Batanced Gate Noise Blanker

• Front End Protection

« Optional Features Available on Special Order

Drake FS-4

Digital Synthesizer - $300.00

Tlie ne^ soltd state Drake FS-4 Synthesoier opens the door to A f>#w world ol cdrttinuaus^tunir^ short wave' Combines syntttesi zed general coverage flexitH I ity with the selectivity, atab^litY, frequency readout an<j feliat)4i- «ly ol the Drake R-4C or SPH-4 R^c^ivers.

* Intwlacea with all R-4 sefi«s receivara ind T-4X turlftp trans- mfttara: (n-4, R-4A, R-<a. R-4C, SPfl-4. T-4. T'4X. T4XB and T-4XC), wHhout modiiicatlcn. • MHz r«ng9 \^ 991 on FS-'4, wUh kHz raadout t^k^n fruim recwver dial • Comptail:* ganarm) cowage— ■» rang&trysuli (o ttyy. • T-4/T-4X Hfiat irinvnit- tw tranac#v« cm any FS^ trBquartcr. wt««ri ua«d Willi R-4 Mrtes r«oai¥*rf. > Raodout 1 icHz wth DFMim PTO

Price; S250JOO

Tufts Radio Electronics •209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

Tofts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

6 METER BEAMS

l-S-6.10 ELiMENTS

roriD perfomujicc frum ruiffed. fpjl *!**. « meter beuad* teiiunt fjMcia^iftaod l4i0lHi1iiivt been cirvtull> vngineeffi^ to TV IkvI ppUtd, his^ tork4 jid ^io, COO'S l^^dm to bv^ rw ' id bnokd fmppBnnr iwiipemvtt.

Qomm an .«SS ^i«II ud •Ptmass >t« :i/4" - S/i^ .049 v*il 9sn|ei« dtTDtne flalih alamlmiin. tiding. The 3 ifid 5 eleiBoil VJBP liive J 7/S" - 1 l/4'*b<dORia. The^oDd lOeJettLtifit beams iV« I Jk/a" ' 1 I/S" liDDiTtM* All bmdcvla ire heavj i:»uui; irmcd ftlumiBtim. Brij^ht llntflhcad plat<!4ubDlli|iireadJuBtBbtD ir up to I u^^" tnaat dtt ^J fint\ a clement jind Li" nn £ anet tO J4^nip»i1 Iumliiish All mrKlctlii misy be mtmnlA'd fur tiorizchnlfil Of srtJrnl iKiJiirlEaLlcni

■ew rfHlurt'fl Jficludt; iii4jiu«tiii?]e \bn^ demenUi^ kilonau u^dl ^X£h ■nd buMl-tQ comx llttlitK tor d tract it civm Ih:^. Tb«i« e«in» fnv imttdzj pukrkcHl iwj cqppUeet villi iiuLructlooB Fnr

MfHfal lito

Turn Ajcliift Fiincl, Gtiin

F;e HiifiiD

3>rBsrn«ni

iir

TSdB TQdB

A50o

ir

117"

rir

74 tiB

1 1 lt.li

iir 11"

le ihi

iir

13- 13 dB

R1NG0 RANGER

L for FM

4,5 dB' - 6 dB" Ommdrrectlonaf

GAIN

BASE STATION

ANTENNAS

FOR

MAXIMUM

PERFORMANCE

AND

VALUE

Cmk Cmft ti*a cr«»M<t aiM^ther first bf AiAkmf th« woHd'A moat pffpoUr Z meter anteiuu twice as sood. The new Rinfxr Rjilt|e«r is developed from tb* buk AR-2 with three hAlt wav^ in pliaM and a one eie^lh wave mati^hinir stub. Rinn^ Rftrigcr tiivt.^ an extremely iow trnflfip of radiation for better Hisrnsii cot^rage. It ia tiiiKLtilei Livtr a broud frequency mng« mid perfectly matL'ht'd lo 52 ohm coax.

ARX'2, n7-ie0 MHz, 4 Ibt.. 112" ARX^220. ££0-235 MH2. 3 lbs.. 75" AftX-4S0, 435-450 MHz, 3 lb»., 3S"

• IMMvpC* H ™» dlpoit,

14, vrav* whip UMd b^ E4te lUAdanl taf Runjr

Work full quietliii; inin mort repeatcra and extend the radjui of >^iii- direct cont-acts with ciie new iUnfo ftanfsr.

Vou fRn tip date your jjreaent AR-2 Rii^ijo with thu aim pie iirtihtion of thi,H ejctendt. kit, The kit includet^ ttie pfiushiiif netwark iind necflssary tlemeTit extensions. The only rti edification n refiuir^d ai'e easy t« make «iiw slits in the top auction of your antenna.

ARX'2K CONVERSION KfT

2 METER

ANTENNAS

Willi I'l tr«im ratfjmt ^nmnimimA wA fw^ k> muji, i. »nai iD v« i*«i *» «itar PV jJiniwuu riTiii ■Iff

AR-4 A^£tt AA-I»

WifuL jLf«A ri). ft

]£» iH as

*r »* jir

IND' 1:9 dit jt&Lri, 1^3 uhcn r«Hed Uhci F'L £^9 irnnTi^^-tar PH^qfP tTicJudM I fcmpjete dip^t iiiiHniblKi nn moLuiilhc li'&oins. lum*4Pi uul ill hardwu*.

Am-iD 144- IM MHl 10» watti ^^nd kfm IJi «q (t

Itt

«jTa]rf f^ I Ii4£rr FH

r«n> AlfiT-ll fm$M Mdl ■

13', Aavrt«Hi IM'AMrsfO^, Dan ivdt» dlT. ««icfcl tS

Al«7^^ iffl ~ 14t MTU 1£XW WitU, wTn4 >jnim 147 ik| n

D-VAG1 ITACKING «IT5 VPK jAi?lud«v hjwrtwnlal JiHMijilinpr Nmm^ hii]-n«i»,

(yvTtr thu iinglM nntetmji.

A14'VFIQ «m|}]*te 4 AJeniEnl lUiTkllije kit

Allt'VPfC. iiiwpmn 11 i^Bnoil- dacUlMr JQlt

tt -«- lit alMniad. oon htmHl antjr

IB Vnr-UHF«ai^ al HAO nita ^^nb

A44»-f AMiO^ll 1 II5T . IB 5 ihi.. ai- *)■ w

nut, larFH aAd tirti^

Giijn.'F/B f»ll© d9 ^ Pnvfrp hmntn

A14T'IJ

« ]Jb».., 73-

I. a]

A' J 47-4 44 ', W

0/iW

41

144- 14»

AB ajv

A44f-U

440-4511

F-FM TWWT 11.4 ^SB CidjB: THH «l«tt]*nlfl mnaoatal piHRFtxatlnn far liW ^4 eawcn^r* aan Lao caonaita mrUai. ]HilBrl»ll<ft feif m E^averaft f^' irart EBill U 4 dfik r B rpxiA » fia. i«M IWCUi HO" wiHcAt m Iba, . teofrnt £7 Alub fEedai Halcfa drtMA ilaiiiai tp i*M PUSM cfMoifcsaf^

ETB 1 4^ «4 ft.

JU4I

lift- tf7 MHl. ia» ^TkUa.

M/G// PERFORMANCE VHP YAGIS

3/4 , 1-1/4, 2 METiR tf AMS

TbE Bt:aQii4rE| prcditfqpa n#on ia ■iraiHir VHF/L'III' ronuiiunic*- t>cM Cs«b CfUti yagia cnmlilw *» wi perfanHUKe ud reiha- blll^ «ilfa flptlnrapi Ai^a Ur «h BTui^fBliay and trnmntint at )i3ttrait9«

LEg1ltw«1|0lt yet rufiEeti, the BiiteaiUB hi¥v a/lfl" O. D. *alW Altimfnuni flemefrts with ^/W cvnter 5«ctlcin« mwiotedon h^vy

duly fornircj bfackttfi. Bcrttfiitt I* re I" and 7/li" Q. D, aluminum Eublnp;:. Mu«[ monnta i>f t/i" fcrmetE aluminum havt^ ndjufiUibL* u-boltB for up to l-J/2*' 0,D> iTuiEEl^. They tian be mounU*! tor iwrtionbil or v^HicAl polArbtation . Cmni^l^U' iniiLndctLDfift inctude fktM on 2 metBT FM repfiBter upemiionH

ffev fnityrw jKtude b Itllvwiict Reddi Mmlcb for dlrecrt 5^ ohiti ircraxiAL feed with a saiKiiiTtl PL-££9 fitLlmg^ All elenmits mm ■t »£ wnT^tcnct^ AJid ttpered for impr^^f^ lMiidv|d4l-

l&XfeINo

Al+*7

AiMIT

A23ail

A43D 11

D^ripticar

avh

3m

114m

Vn

£|«nieriU

7

tl

II

11

B4KVI1 Ln^liin

90"

W"

mr

sr^

Wfffght

4

e

4

3

Fwd Gain

11 dB

13 dS

13iB

13iil

F/6 Rfltio

26 de

26 dS

7SdB

2SdQ

Fwd lai»t»

V, pint pi

4fi

42

43

j;

SWR # Frpu

t tC3 1

1 lo f

tial

1 tol

VHF/UHF BEAMS A50 3 $ 3235 A50-5 49J5

A50-6 69.95

A50-10 99 S5

AMATEUR FM ANT A1474 $ 19S5 A 147-11 2935 A147-20T 54S5

A147-22 A 220-7 A2201 1

A449-6 A449-1 1 AFM^D AFM-24D

84j95 21 S5 27S5 21.95 27S5 59J95 57S5

A 144-7 A144-11 A430-1 1

ENNAS

AFM-44D AR-2

AR-G

AR-25

AR-220

AR^50

ARX-2

ARX-2K

ARX-220

ARX450

21^5

32,95 24.95

54S5 2135

32S5 29.95 21.95 21.95 32.95 13.95 32.95 32,95

20 ENMunt

FiBiwa KarA*tt t40E.)

FFBfne il HBTtlin IfO Et.l

Virt. f Ql, &f*ck»t UOEIJ

144 HHl.

DX-130

DX-1BN 1Z,t»&

UDMHi

MaMl

OK^TS 37JB9 DXK-240 54Aft

D^K-2&o ra.ag

433 HHc.

Dx4?a 32Ji 0KK44d

DK-4BN 1Z.9&

D^-VPB 9fl& DK-VPB 9fii DJtVPB 9,95

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Aveni^ • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

why waste watts}

(SWR1A$25.95)

9

SWR-1 guards against powerless

[f you're not pumping out all the power you're paying for, our Utile SWR-1 combination power meter and SWR bridge will tell you so. You read forward and reflected power simultaneously- up to 1000 watts RF and 1:1 to infinity VSWH at 3.5 to 130 MHz,

Got it all tuned up? Keep it that way with SWR-1, You can leave it right in your antenna circuit.

®

j>.

i

r

Q

ELECTRONICS

DELUXE

1A2 TRI SAND

MOBILt

ANTENISfA

• Automali :a]!v Ji1ju^t«i |o prupjJt r^sorant.'ir ft>r ZU. 40 and 75 mcten.

• Power ntfed at SOO Want

■ lad:ujiei base icctioii, jui o- mitiicoij ind whip top wtc- lion 74 Z Anlcnnji

Price: $109,S5

tXCLUSlVi

DE.LUKE

5 BAND MOBILE

45 ANTENNA

* All hanil TnanuiiL ttwiuhinK untennu lur 10 1"^ 30, 40 and 75 DickTS.

• Power rated at tO(K) Walti Pt-P

mubikcoil imJ $jx focii wbip tofii sfiTTiun 45 Anirniia

Price: $119,95

JMR /VIOBIL-&1R'

Two-wayTadio headset with superior fidelity Electret-Capacitor boom microphone anc

palm^held talk switch

S69.95

SWAN METERS HELP YOU GET IT ALLTOCETHER

Tliese wattmeters tell you wtiat's going on.

Witti one of these J n- line wartmet^f^ powef readings' For wtiatiever purpose

vou Ti imow If voo re gening n an weve got me wanmet^ fof you. uw

together an me time Need nign ac- voyr Swan crefftt card ApcNlcaCifxis

curacy^ High p{>wer handl tng'' Peaij at vtMJ r dea ler or wrtre to us

m*ttr wttn muicis Scd>«^ to WOQ wsm Hew ftai- resoome {UnciUMtM couo- \er for maidmufn accuracy

WMSDOO PcakTcadlnq wattmeter Ream fiMS powcf then with ttie nvk of a (witth. True peak pcnMfif Of vouf Ungi^ siOeOanci sigrtat mat s whsrcaumsonssB

WM1S00 Hig^Accuracy in- urw Mfattmeter lO* fulf icaie accuracy on 5, 5C 500 ano 1500 watt scaler ? to M MHi FOrwaro afXJ r^ftecteo power u^ ii fpr trguQle Bhoptintg too

S74i5

ELECTRONICS

SWAN LINEAR AMPLlFtERS A Mark II 2000 \siitt. P.E.P. full legal input power unit or the 1200X ma I chine Cygnet 1200 watt P.E,P. input pf^u'erbouse with buiit-in power supply^ The choice is yoius. $849.95

NEW Swan MUBX Mobile Impedance Matcher

It keeps your trmnstnitl^ and your ^peaMng terms tor a sonft. Price: $23.9

CYGHET 1200X PORTABLE LINEAR AMPLIKIER

To quadruple the o^Jitput ot the 3nOB Cyenet d*? novo, dimply udd this tnaLchmg unit for mari' ih^n a kilowatt of power. Complete with &« If -contained power supph' and provision for external ALC this Cygnet offers exception^liv high elficiencv and lineariiy. $34 99 5

Addifionaf Swan product* inchtde: fixed and mobih tsntentuis. VFO's Wicphone patch, VOX. wattmeter, mwrophone^ and mounting kits. As another pxtra sen^ice, only Swan Electronics offers factory -bached financing io the amateur mdio community. Visit an autharhed Swan Electronics dealer for complete detaih

@

ELECTROHliCS

/vraoa

Vm-trnt^ 0#«" C:a*ii*<N ■

FOR BROADCAST^UALTTY TRANS- MISSKIN AND RECEPTION PQK BOTTl MOBILE UNITS AND BASE STATIDNa

« Booin -mounted «»lec tret -capacitor piicro- phone detfivrs studio -quality. undiiStorted voice reproduclion. Variable gain control lets you adjust for optimum modulation.

■ Cushioned earcup lets you monitor in privacy - no iipcaker blare to disturb others. Biocks out envjironmental noi^it^ loo. Made of unbreaJtable ABS plaatic.

• Headband self-adlnfitE for corafortable weaf over lone bou», Springftex hin^e let* you slip headset on and off with juit one hand. Reversible for right or left ear.

• Headset Can be hung on standard micro- phone clip.

• Compact palm-held talk switch Irts you Iceep bath handi on the whe<irl for $aftr drivinfc. Made of unbreakable ABS pla$tic.

■ Buili'in FET tranEistor iim^plirier adapts microphone output lo any iranficeiver hnpedBnee.

•Compatible witii most two-way tadioa in^ cludinf! 4ti-chmnnel CB units.

• Buiii-in Velcro pad for #Aiy mounting of the taJk switch^

• Madf' \n U.S.A.

SPECIFIC ATI UNS

Earphone imped&nc?

And type: d ohfn$, dynainic

Microphone type: Electret capacitoi

Microphone frequency

response. 200-6000 Hz

Amplifier type: FET tran&istor^

variable gain

Amplifier battery- 7 volt Mallory power: TR-175

Switchings Relay or electronic

IDEAL FOR EVERY TWO-WAY RADIO COMMUNICATIONS NEED . .

CB opi«rator& • Amateur radio operators • Polict find fire irehicl^^ • Ambulances and ernergency vehicles • Taxis and truckers • Marin? pleasure and work boats • Con- struction and demolition crews ■ Industri- al communjcattohE» ■ Security patrole • Airport tower and ground crews • Re- mote bfoadca&t tind TV-camera crt-w^ • Foresters and fire - watch units ■

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Mecfford MA 02155 • {617} 395-8280

A new precision clock which tells time anywhere in the world at a glance, has been announced by Yaesu Electronics Corporation. The time in any principal city or time zone can be simuhaneously coordinated with local time on a 24 hour basis. After the initial setting, as the clock runs, a Time Zone Hour Disc advances automatically, showing correct time all over the world without further adjustment- The clock is especially designed to withstand shock and may be hung on a wall or placed on its desk mount. The clock will run an entire year on a single 1 .5 volt flashlight battery and the mechanism starts as soon as the battery is inserted. It measures six inches in diameter by two and one half inches deep. An excellent item for the business office, ham radio operator, short wave listener, boat owner, and others who want an accurate dependable clock.

Price: S30.00 Amateur net.

NYE VIKING

CODE PRACTICE SET

Nov 114^454-002 Get the RIGHT START! With « NYE VIKIfStG Code Practicje Set you get a sum, jmooth. Speed-X model 310-001 transmit ting key, a linear circuit osctltatpf and amplifier, Mith abuJll-in 2" tf^aker, alt mounted on a heavy duty aluminym base with non-skkj Ceet. Operates on standard 9V transistor tvp« battery (not mduditdl. Units can be connected in parallel so thai t^vo or more operatofs can practice sef^din^ and receivinf to each other. List price, SI 8.50.

k

STOP

TH\EF':

SAVE YOUR RADIO!

Fully Air TeitBd - Ttiuuiaruh Already in Uk

C16 40% Cet^pw INmM uwfi ■niHiM ta tihindl* |lki iott Co^d^r wiri — Ralkd Iev bmtimr Ihpn KiB Ifflll |>QWBr ANI/CW ar SSB^^HHll Of (klline^ iO ID Ttii Dhm ttmmm - VSWI^ undti 1^ ic I il fnat tei^ti - Sliunl^

Si^ hm^ntni ~ Opb(i Pniflf IPBUtnan - Tantfit ^tttmmtttm - M^soA

■ pA mi - niiMMiMrf 1 yiM - mm tmrnim does

IT

Manufacturad & Guaranteed by

MOFI'GAIN

2200T South 4th Street

LMir«fiwoith. Kansas 6604S

(913} 662 3142

MOOEL

ftAMOS

[Mbtvi;)

4020 HD

40/20

40-10 HD

40/20/16/10

80-40 HU

aO/40 + 16

75-40 HD

75^40

7&4D HD ISPk

?S/40

TS^aOHD

7S/40/:»

>5-aO HO (SP^

75.40/20

^S-IOHD

T5/40.-W'T5'TO

75^10 HD CSPI

7S.'40^20.t5 10

BO-TOHD

60/40/30/ IS/ 10

£49 &0

59.60 B7 50

6sao

57 50 e£BO 06 set 74 10 74 SO 76 50

WEiG*4T 3CA73

ae/i.oi

41/1.16 4QJ■\.^2 40/1. tS 44/1. 23 *4,l^3 4&/t.34 4fi/l.J4 &D/1.4Q

LEhtGTi-i

36; 10.9 36/10.9 6S/21.0 66/20.1 G&/20 1 fia/301 £6/301 6«^.t

NO TRAPS"- fSfO COILS- NO STUBS - NO CAPACITORS

MO R -GAIN HD DIPOLES . , . •On© half the length of convantional half-v/Bve dipoles. • Multj-band, Multi-frequoncy* • Maximum effi- ciency — no fraps^ JQadinig caits, or stubs. # Fully assetnbied and pre-tuned — r*o measuring, no cyttlng. •All weather rated — 1 KW AM. 2.5 KW CW or PEP SSB. •Proven performance — more than 15,000 have been delivered, • Pefmit use of the full capatiilities of today's S^and xcvrs, •One feedline for operation on all bands, • Lowest cost/benefit antenna on the market today* •Fast QSV — no feodline switching, • Highest performance for the Novice as well as the Ejctra-Class Dp,

EXCLUSIVE 66 FOOT, 75 THRU 10 METER DIPOLES

fslOTES

M All mrodel^ above are furnished with crimp/solder togs,

S All models can be furnished with a SO-239 fernale coaxial connector

at additional cost. The SO-239 Ttiates with the standard PL'2S9 male

coaxial cable connector. To order this factory installed option, add the

letter 'A' after the modet number* Example: 40-20 HD/A,

M 75 metar models are factory tuned to resonate at 3950 kHz, (SP)

models are factory tuned to resonate at 380O kHz. SO meter models are

factory tuned to resonate at 3S50 kH^< See V5WR curves for other

resonance data.

DESIGNED FOR COIVmERCIAL USE UP TO 1000 MHZ.

The TUFTS SAVE YOUR RADIO bracket c^n save you a

bundle . . . and a lot of hassle. Why worry aboirt rtg rfpoff? The TUFTS SYR bracket mounts quickly and easily in your car and makes it possible to snap your rfg out of its bracket when you park and put it out of sight.

The connector system has a special coaxial cable connector which Will provide you with a lossless connection right up to 1000 MHz! No loss! In addition to the quick ooax connector then^ are also four power and accessory connections which are made automatically when the rig is slid into its bracket . «^ just what you need for feeding power and loudspeaker connections to the set.

This is a rugged bracket and connector system . . , it*U take a beatmg. There is a hole on each side of the 1 6 gauge steel plate for a padlock in case you want to leave the rig for short periods in its bracket. They'll have to rip out the dash to get It . . . and it won't be the first time for that.

With two of these brackets you can bring the mobtfe rig into Che house and use it in seconds. On trips you can take an AC supply for the rig and use it in your hotel room- Price: $29.95

m^0

t1 4-320 O03 -

Me,

^ ttDJQ

1US3-0m

Hi, tl4-31lMMia

-^^r\ Na 5SfC-1 SX3.flB

' $39^

KYE VIKING SPEED-X KEYS

NYE VIKING Standard Speed-X keys feature smooth, adjustable be&niags, h^avy^uty silver contacts* and aze mounted on a hea%'y oval die cast base with black wrinkle finish. Available with standard, or Navy knob, with, or without switch, and with nickeJ or brass plated key arm and hardware.

Pamper yourself with a G old-Plated KYE VIKING KEY!

Model No. 1 1 4-31 C-004GF has all the smooth action features of NYE Speed *X keys in a special **pTesejitBtiDii" model. All hardware is heavily gold plated and it is mounted on onv^-tike jet black plAStle sub -base. Ust price is $50.00.

NYE VIKING SQUEEZE KEY

Extra-long, finger^ fit ting molded paddle with adiustable spring tension, adjustable contftcl spacing. Knife-edge bearings and extra large, gold plated silver contacts! Nickel plated bra^ hardware and heavy, die cast base with non^kid feel« Base and dust cover blacK crackle finished. SSK-1 — $23.45, SSK-ICP has heavily chrome-plated base and dust cover. List price, $29.95*

You set a sure, smooth, Speed-X model 310-001 transmitting key, linear circuit oscillator and amplifier, with a buUHn 2" speaker, all mounted on a heavy duty aluminum base with nan-$kid feet, Opf^rates on standard 9V transistor type battery (not included). List price, $18.50.

PHONE PATCH Model No. 250-46-1 measures 6-1/2'* wide, 2-1/4'* high and 2-7/8'' deep. List price, S36.50. Model 2&0-46-3, designed for use with transceivers iiaving a built4n speaker, has its own built-in 2'* x 6" 2 watt speaker, Mea^ur^s 6-1/2" wide, 2-1 /4'' high and 2-7/8" deep. List prJce^ $44,50_

COPE PRACTICE SET

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Med ford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • IWedford MA 02155 » (617) 395>8280

Gain (ov^i isoteopic

• ModeJ TA*33

• 3 Elements

• 10.1 db Forwud source)

• 20 db Front-to-B»ck Ratio

Tlie Mosley TA-33, ^-element beam provides ouistanding lO^ 15 and 20 meter perfor- mance. Exceptioiially broadband — gives excellent results over full Ham bandwidth. Incoirpo rating Mosley Famous Ttap-JVI aster traps. Power Rating — 2KW P.EJ', SSB. The TA'33 may also be used on 40 meters with TA-40KE cDtLversion . Complete wiih hard- ware. £206.50

MlTLTl-BAKD BEAMS

TRAP MASTER 33 < - . 10, 15 it 20 Met«is

• ModelTA-33Jr.

• 3 Elements

• 10.1 db Forward source)

• 20 db Front-to-Bsick Ratio

The TA-Ii3Jr . . . incorporates Mosley Trap- Master Junior traps. This is tiie tow power brother of tbe TA'33. Power Ratine — 1 KW P.E,P, SSa, Slal.Sd

Gain (over isotropic

TA*3 3JR. POWER CONVERSION KIT MODEL MPK-3

Ovmers of tlie Moslry Trap-Master TA*33Jr. may obtain higher power without buying an entirely new antenna. The addition of the MPK*3 (power conversion kit) converts the TA-33Jr, into essentiitlly a new antenna wkh 750 watt*; AM/CW and 2000 watts P.E.P. SSB, $52,26

TRAP MASTER 36 . , , 10« 15 4c 20 Meters

•Model TA-ae

• 6 Elements

• Forward Gain (over Isotropic flonrce) - lO.l db on 15 £e 20 meters, 11*1 db on 10 meters^.

Front-to-Back Ratio on all bands. 20 db. This wide-spaced , six element eonfigiar action employs 4 operating elements on 10 meters, 3 operatine ejeraenis on 16 meters, and 3 operating elements on 20 meters. Automatie bands witching: is adcomplt^hed through Mosley e)cclusi\^ly d.esigned high impedance parallel resonant "Trap Circuit/' The TA-3{) is designed for 1000 watts AM/CW or 2000 watts P*E*P. SSB. Traps are weather and dirt proof, offering frequency stability under all weather conditions. $335^25

MOSLEY AK-60 MAST PLATE ADAPTER Mast Plate Adapter for adapting your Mosley l*^.<i" mounted beam to fit 2" OD mast. Complete with angle and hardwari>. $11.16

A hrilliant new 2 meter transceiver

with ewr> innhwand operating

ftaUirf and ctinvi^niLiitre

KLM MULTI'2700 - $69555

* Synthesizer and VFO.

* AU modes; NBFM. WBFIVt, Aft/I» SSB wv/USB/LSB and CW.

• Frequency synthesiier (PLL>

3 Knob, 600 channel*, 1 0 kH2 steps,

• VXO, plus or minus 7 kHz.

* LED readout on synthesizer,

• Standard 600 kHz splits plus * , ,

• Two ^'oddball" splits.

* OSCAR t ranges I ve 2 to 10 meter operation.

• OSCAR receiver built-in.

• Connectors on re or for sepgrate 2

meter and 10 meter antennas.

• Built-in VFO (continuous coverage, 744-148 MHz in 1.3 MHz segmenTs. 1 kHz readout).

• 3 pole SSB filter plus two FM fitters.

• 100 kHz crystal calibrator.

• Voice operated relay tVOX) or p-t-i.

'^ Audio speech compression.

• Noiie btankdr*

• n IT, plus or minus 5 kHz*

• Power out/'*S" meter.

• FM center deviation meter*

• low minimum output power. NO TUNINGI

• Hi-Lo power proviston*

• Built-in AC/ DC power supply .

• Double conversion receiver. 16.9 MH2 and 455 kHz 1-Fs.

• Receiver sensitivitvi

FMi 0,5/iV tor 2S dB S/fSj, SSS/CWr 0.26^ for 14 dB S/N. AM: 2/iVfor lOdBS/N.

• Si/e: Inches: 5H, l4.8aW. 12D. MM: T2SH, 37SW. 305D.

• weight: 28 Ibi. (13 KGh

Dealer Programs

NOW Available

CLA5SIC-33 ... 10, 15 4 20 Meiers Mod^l CL-33

• 3 Elements

• 10,1 db Forward Gain (over isotropii: snviree) on all bands.

• 20 db Front-io-Back Ratio on 15 & 20 meter St 15 db on 10 meters.

BRIDGING THE GAP ,,, The Clasac 33, eom bines ttie best of two Mosley systems. In CO rpo rating Mosley Classic Feed System for ji ** Balanced Capacttive Matching:'' system with a feed point impedance of 52 abms at T&so nance, and the Famous Mosley Trap* Master Traps for "weather-proof* traps with resonant frequency stability. This extra Sturdy multi^band beam^ Model CL^SS^ for operation on 10, 15 & 20 meters features improved boom to element clam ping « stainless steel hardware, balanced radiation and a lon£er boom for even wider element spacing. Ponrer Rating — 2 KW P.EP. SSB, Recom- mended mast size --2^ CD. Wind Load — 120 lbs. at 80 MPH. Approve, shipping weight — 45 lbi£. $232.50

CLASSlC-203 ... 20 Meters Model CL-203 3 Elements

• lO.l db Forward Gain (over iJiotropic source)

• 20 db Front -to -Back Ratio Incorpomting the MosJey patented Cla^ic Feed Sy^em. this full size 20 meter single- band beam has \W^ to 3/8" dia, ^'swaged'* elements wide spaced on a 2*^ dia. 24* boom. Maximum element tength-37* 8W*. The high standards in quality construction established by Mosiey in over a qtiarter -century of manu- facturing tg reflected in this mono-band . . . Mod«l CL-203. Boom^to^mast clamping assures stability with a tlirne- tested arrange- ment of mast plate, cast aluminum clamping blocks and StaUiiie^ steel U -bolts. The e 3^ elu- sive "Balanced Capacilive Matching'' System has a nominal feed point impedance of 52 Ohms at 2 KW P.E.P. SSB. Recommended rnast U7j^2''* O.D. Approx, shipping wt: 42 lbs. via truck* $227.65

CI,ASSIC-36 , . . 10« 15 & 20 Meters Model CL>36

• 6 Elements

• 10.] db Forward Gain (over isotropic source) on 15 & 20 meters, 11.1 db on 10 meters*

• 20 db Front-to-Back Ratio on all bands. The Classic 3G^ like the smaller Classte 33, incorporates both the Mosiey World^Famous Trdp-Master Traps and the Mosiey Classic Feed*Systcm* Designed to operate on 10, 15 tk 20 meters, this multi-band beam Model CXi-36, employs the high standards of quality construction found in all Mosiey products. The hoom-lo-mast clamping assures stability with a time'lested iirrangement of maiit plate^ cast aluminum clamping blocks and stainless steel It -bolts. The exclusive "Balanced Capaci- live Matching" system has a feed point Impedance of 52 ohms at resoiian.ce* Wind Load - 210 J lbs. at 80 MPH. Power Rating

— 2 KW P,EJ^. SSB. Recommended mast size

— 2" OD. Approx. shipping weight — 71 lbs. via truck. $310.65

40 METER CONVERSION KIT MODEL TA- 40KR

Work 40 meters in addition (o 10, 15 & 20 meters by using a TA-40KR conversion kit on the radiator element of the TA>33 and TA-36. (Beams with broad biind capacitive matching may not be converted!) Convert the TA*33Jr. with the MPK-3 (power conversion kit) before adding the TA'40KR kit, $02,25

SIGN AL*M ASTER ANTENNA Beam Antenna , , , Model S^02 for 40 meters For a top sienal needed to push through forty meter QRM, the Mosiey Signal Master S-402 will do the trick 1 This 100*^ rust-pioof 2 element beauty constructed of rugged heavy-wall aluminum is designed and engi- neered to proiTde the perforrowice you need for both OX hunting and relajung in a QEM free rag-chewing session. Beam Is fed thft^ugh link coupling, resulting in an excellent match over the entire bandwidth. $267.50

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystit; Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 ♦ (617) 395 8280

HemotB

Motor Con tf of ted

RCS.4

COAX ANTENNA

SWITCH

• Cctfitrd untt wmks on 110/220 VAC. 50/60 H^. and supplies necessapy DC io motor.

• EJtcellefil for single coax f&dd to multib^and quads Of arrays of mDnobanderfi. Ttie five posiiians allow a single c^ax Teed \o three beams and Iwo dipoles, of other siinilar cambtnations,

• Control cable (not supplied) same as tor HAM-M rotaior,

• Selects antennas remol^ly. grounds all unused anienf»a£r GNO position grounds ad &n- tenrias when leaving ^taiion. "RQin-Kat" construe rior^ shields motqf and switches

« Motor; 24 VAC. 2 amp. Lubrica- hon good ta — 40°F,

• Switch RF Capability; Maximum legal limit. Price: $120.00

MATCHING NETWaniCS

MN-4

200 watts

Price: $120,00

MN'2000

2000 wans PEP

Price; $250.00

Qancrat: ■ Inlegrfll WaUmeter ragd» forward pcwef In walls and VS^'VJt dirpcily can tje catibTdled to r&ed re- f Ice lea pqvjej • Malchfti SO otim Irinimittvr aulput i^ coac |Ui|#i\na fe^lif^Ci wriih VSWfl ol ■! Ie«4t 51 • Ce»vfia« haiTi bandt 60 thru 10 mtlars * SwHehvt tn or out with fioni partftt switch • SfM; S'-i'M. tOH^W, a" D [UC a 27 3 i M 3 cm} MM^OOq, 1**m"D f36.S Cffl^ • ContintMua Dvtr Outputs MH-A. 3<0Q wans; tm-2000. 100Q wstis (2O0C wftlli PEFt « IWN-20M ontft lip lo 3 in^ laiirta coTrneclofs scFPciedi by UcuM panel s^itctr.

RF WATTMETERS

W-4 1.8-54 MHz WV-4 20-200 MHz

Price: $79.00 Price: $39.00

Reads rorward and reflgclvd power drr^tly In waffs (VSW^ trom nomogram}. Two scales in oacfi direcijon Slia: S^i"H. 3?i"W. 4"D (14.0 x g.£ X 10.2 cm)

Modal Full Ssjale Calibration Accuracy

30D watts 15% Qt 'eadmg -I- 5 walls] 2QQQ wflMi ±(5^D ot reading ■+ 20 watls]^

^¥~i ^^ *>fatt» ±i5% ot ffladJng -i- 1 watt ) 1000 waits lL&% ot reading t 10 walla)

W-*

DRAKE

SSR-1

COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVER

• Synthesized ■ General Coverage

• Low Cost • All Solfd Stale • BufIMn AC Power Supply • Selectable Sidebands

• Excellent Performance

PRiLIWrNAHV SPECIFICATIONS: • CCv* 50Q IiMi to

30 MHi * frmmt^ncf can b^ re4d acc^. - bvtt&r t^n

S kK2 • StnulktHf typtcatly 5 mfcroroils tor 10 dB S+Nm SSa ana bflUe' than 2 mtcro volts tor 10 <IB S + N/N AM * SaleelatMi sidtbandt * lum-hf pcnnr fupply^ 117/234 VAC ± 20% • It ih« AC powtf »oyrc« faili Ihf Mnii jwftche^ automat^caFly to on intern Ht battery pack whicn uses eight D-ceHs (no! supplied} • For raduefld currant drain on DC operation tha d^alB 4o not light up unless a red pus:h button on ihe Iront panel b depre^&eid

The performance, versatility, a lie and low cost of ttie S8H-t matte It ideal tor use is a stand-by iiJinaluLrr or novJce-amaltLir receiver, shon wave receiver CB monitor feceivef, or Qeneral puipcsia laJioralDry r?oeiv&f

Pric«; S350.00

GENEHAL; • AM Kmateur band* W \htiM iO meters m seven BOO ftH; tanges • SnUa Slit* VFO «^th 1 hHi dial' ijii^tsionfl • btodei SSe Upper arte Lower, CW ftnd AM • Built-in Std4tOfi« and automatic T/R switching on CW a 30 tub«« and ««mi-corHJuctart « Olmensiont^ 5.'i'*H, to^^'W, 14H" D (t4 0 s ?7 3 K 3S 5 CTin). Wi: 16 lbs. f7.3 K§J TRANSMIT: • VOX or PTt on 3SB or AW « Input fower: SSB, 300 wsila P-E.P.; AM, 260 walla P.E.P. conTrrjIiod CgrrlAf CDm|:>alibte wjlh SSB tine^ars; CW, 2B0 watta m AdjufLabIs pt-fietwork,

FIECEIVE: • Sensitivity theller than It ^V lor 10 dB S^N a 1^. Seteelivlty 2.t liHx @ 6 dB, 36 kHz @ BO dB m AGC fuM on receive nwdftS. vaiiallte Witn R^ ga^n Conirdl. t«st attack afid slow vehease Mnth noise pulse suppression # Diodv Detector for AM mc nation.

Price: $799.00

34^PMB Ptug-in Noise BJanker FF-1 Crystal Control Unit . . . MMK 3 Mobile Mount

RV-4C Remote VFO .......

TR4CW SIDEBAND TRANSCEIVER

. . 100.00 . . . 46.95

. . . . 7.00 .$150.00

POWER SUPPLIES AC-4 Power Supply DC-4 Power Supply

$120.00 . 135,00

2 METER FM

PORTABLE TRANSCEIVER

Model TR-33C

LINEAR AMPLIFIER Model L^B

Arnateur Net $229,95 SCPC* Frequency Control t2 Channels with Selectable Xmtr Offsets. AM FET Froni^end and Crystal Filter for Superb Receiver Intermod Rejection , Expanded Antenna Choice. Low Receiver Battery Drain. Traditiona] R, L, Drake Service Backup. Single Ct^stal Per Channel,

L-4B Linear Ampltfiar , » . * . ^ . « . . $995.00

• 2000 Watts PEP SSB •Class B G rounded- Grid - two 3-5 OOZ Tubes * Broad Band Tuned- Input • RF Megative Feedback • Transmitting AGC * Directional Wattmeter

* Two Tautband Suspension Meters * L-46 13-15/16" W, 7-7/8" H, 14-5/16'' D. Wt.: 32 lbs, • Power Supply 6 3/4" W, 7-7/8" H, 11" D, Wt.: 43 lbs.

POWER SUPPLIES

AC 4 Power Supply - . . , $120.00

DC 4 Power Supply .......*..,.. 1 35.00

Touch-n-go with

DRAKE 1525EM

Push Button Encoding Mike

Drake 1525EM, microphone with tone encoder and

connector for TR^3C, TR 22, TR 22C. ML 2 , $49.95

• Microphone and auto-paten encoder in single convenient package with coil cord and connector. Fully wired and ready for use.

#Higti docuracy IC tone generator, no frequency adlustments,

• High rel lability Oigitran® keyboard.

• Power for tone encoder obtained from transceiver through microphone ^ble. No battery rectuired, Low current drain.

• Low output Impedance allows us© with almost ail transceivers.

• Four pin microphone plugi directly connects to Drake TR-33C without any modifica- tion In transceiver. Compatible with all previous Drake and other 2 meter units with niinpr modification**

• Tone level adjustable.

• Hang-up hook supplied.

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Med ford MA 021 55 • (61 7 J 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (6171 395-8280

For all you hams with little cars ..

We've got the perfect mobile rig for you,

T1i# AiUa 210s qt li^x ai£asunH ooJy »^' widv It 9^' ^mp x only 3Vk' hlfli. M tbt Abcim pbolofri^ ilicniri binir flftfllT Bh Aliftt irvwaiwr lite tntD a GdiBp*cl car. And tbmB'% cdflnty vi una to tpus for VliF t*A^ *°" oihar BCDanDtr ajiilpmcErt W(tb ^ excJuuvB AlLu plav-lD rt^ligii. foo can ^ip your Attai in and ml r

dr Ift a maUBT of ■nonndB. All ooiuhu* j.^..^ alit BlMSe'HiitiBnBtictilly.

TOT DONT LET THK SMALL SEEE FOOt

YOl^l

EvoEi ihougli lh4^ AlhtJi 3IQN and 2t3x Irons-

c«ivur5 uro t«fl9 ih^n bail iba iuw and

wstghr of plii^ liF iruosc^m^Tba AtLui

b truly a ^aal la porf i^miance.

100 WATT^ PQ^'Ei tATEM^' UMa fHPHBf Jffrai m a wcvea pcniad inin^ ealiir to^ hmtdiUa' bui true. Aiiai irmis^ OBli«ri|$v« yoti an iIm iiiUt pcnroTfatiiaad le w«^ Itw ^Forld barflfooi, Siipial r^otti

conalattilf r^MI ftwi^ surpri« it the Aig- nalitreiiith In relation io ihs powtr rating.

nil. ft lAM] OOVHAGE Tll« llOx fxmn t&W iimiHiii whlk tlie lli% MJtJa 15-100 aafeBL Addlfif tie Allfti Mudd IOk Crvitai OioiUtei- pnnuls fl«Bth imottued ftw|itfticy oftftnift !« MARSaod EMiwDrL oparatiDii.

NO TlANSMITTEit TUNING QR LOADtNG CONTROLS with AiIjik' i^i»3 liru^dbandlintf. With ^aur AtUifi i'uu get trust nil I QSV wn] btiii4 cJuinge.

thIQST AOVANCSD SnTATE OF THE AIT SOyD STATE DESIGN ikit ODif aiocfiiinte far iia iighl tir«i|h]. bttl ■Milfaa jaa yimn of mp pBrforraanc^ auj tfniMe five opaTdi bi| pJeasitrt .

ruj&m dtcriTT iOAii>$

and modulAT chsiffi prwidBft ftsf atao of

tiCEFTIOr^Al. BfllrailTT TO STV0M3 n^'AL OVEtLOAI> AND CXOSS MOD-

IFLATIOK. Tbfl axduffive frtmi nod design in 4he racE>iver allows yfw lu ufMra Ifl donr kri froquoncy |fi ftircing neighboring aigiidlfl ihnti you have ijvnr oxperiancfifl wfore. If yuu hiive not pi ope-fated aD Alla^ t^ani- cahwr In a crcwtliid banl and cnniparal it witli any oihif r rocaifvw or tnnacnvfir, fOQ tuti/e 4 mi llinll

A WOBLD WtDE D£ALE1 iWetWORK TO SERVE YOU.

Wbirtbtir ynu'ra driving a Mmda in Kanaai Oty or a MnrcadB Sbib In W«t Gmmaitir. ihen'san AllfttdaflWiwariffNj,

AUHsZlOm w 3I&V

l«D

n^f* »Hi bvwt

AC CosMit 110^30 V .....

Fntubif AC lupviv iio/^no V nm-isi Muniit Kit .

10* Obc ie» rryitHli

tii.oi» ai4T^«

IDOJIO 59.00

PliliNOMENAU SELECnvm Thu sxdufilvo a pde cryHtal Indder fili^er uftttd III A\]m imnMmvGTR reprsianla d maiai' breakthroLij^^^h in ftlier {iiMi||[ii, with ittiprBcedBnted ikkirf selecliviljr miuJ ul- Moialp raiecliqa. Ai tfaeabcrvfi gfa^ iliDiin:. tfal* ftHsr paiNidv » 6 dh IwaowiEith of 3700 tisrta. SO dt) (kiwn of Dn]> 4XO Hertz^ wvl ft twDciwidtf) of only 92DD Hff^ #t US db dcMv! UUdmata nfoctiK li In wa-m^ «f IJH db; sreatar iSian tbe mauunng limits df fiidsl le$f -MitiipBHiBL

far ciomplelf; dntMiiii aee ygur Atbii dualer. Of dPDjj as a rjurd and we'll mail ^tm a broctuire viith diuler list.

4^^ ATLAS

RADIO INC.

AMATEUR ANTENNAS

"the home of originals"

SUP£l^ GAIN

MOeiLES

^ffivllc

STANDARD GAIN MOBILES

Tim Mctcfi

im^ffi ~ 14 A

MHXl VlLt Itt

* ^MiiL ttt bom «» i^ii. btfi

4t|| mint wrptei tprnv ""iS I^ yiL ^EC ftG-ii-U *« PL-a» Mttniu mncHBtrifl Norn mount

HOD^L S^Il 141

4.^ AJilEnna nuDurtli 0**

52 dbffkn iMHrl/li

5vtn fli Msonince^i.tii typkii

Ptivwr rRtlrtf—ZIiD wiltt f M nni AHA 111 METIPI-

TiuaN ur HnuwT

HQML HTI

-1«

CG

BILT-IM

t^

till;. $Pft fl&SI-U Md 9t&

MUSTUEH -PUCK^USTCH-

tf4

feur noynt <9r t pndt t«iKiio«:

^ HebUet mDtM* ifiOuihtl. Wputit cr cabk ncM mElifdHfl

DELUXE MOBILE MOUNTS

HPt

i

MODtL UHt-1

Fi-Bid trlmnni^le radiitoi fof 1/4 wivTA i)[MritkDri an any frfqKMncy Fnsffj S4d tu ^HOMHf. Cuttmt^Xiirt iflclutMd MfMfnn on 4i4r lltt IW- ■tct. fusel, -d^ck, r»rK*»r m **'

IHfT'l

HOOEt 001-144

Ctt big npa\ pFfiofTn»nc«T supi^ tLor rtceMi^ £A^bJlihr with tnli ■5i^ C9llne»f irtt*nrv». LiPBy.intitll- ttEiDR'Cn fidt (K BEttE al tmnii; l<p

ir iriJL SPtC flfr*U ind PL-a9

Ml %' ^ IMM tiL « «t4

All resonators are t>recisioil wound with optimized demgn for each band, .^ssem^ bly includes 17-7 PH siaiiiless steel adjustable tip rod toi towtfst SWR and band edge marker. Cboose for medtuin or higb power operation.

STAND Aft D HUSTLER RESOIVATORS Pttwrtf ftatint: 4O0 Wans SSB

■H

i)

Modtl

Band

price

RM-10

1 0 mslflfl

$ 6.50

RW)-15

1 5 metofi

esB

RIVl-20

ZOmmafi

7.30

RM-40

40mal:flri

13.20

RM-7S

7^m«tari

1S.S0

RM-80

SOTTifitan

IS-^

SUPER HUSTLER RESONATORS Powtf Rjttfin: Lav I Limrt ^B Sup^n havi widan liafidhri^tfi

WODfL ASS-7

M

nn

hsiHL indiltfQn Ein idt V miee □< truf4 lid In- ciudes. 17 RG-SfMJ ttO- iwclcn flIlKPied. Prm^ 114461

Othfm Xr^fPiit Dp maurrt

iMti for pDHllon^tifl *fi' tiftni to VHtKil- £My — no hotH '^ imtBliiticin Inchidn n Ri^sa^u

tflKhwI hia: $17.30'

Ram plllpf mouiH li#t

lilnl trirn lirw futtirl, iTvcludfls 110* IwliTil

"k

C«al mounl d^tfalM 4n 1' hoik. lfi£ig«*« M'

■wNti mil Mid so-zxi

Ttiini innn Hmint in ttjllt in 4iri!Uffn «t^ Of trgg¥T u*idP" lAJrt* I'd

ciu*id l^icftrSa.OO

TI^UNK lip MOUNT

FJBid Cn,rin[nabl« MdlAtor ^nriitj qiMrtflr wivi dtMrifWfi sa arry fNAMficry fnan 140 tc VJH MHi. Cun^nf chat IneJudH Chuv^Ee

n«ia'. tia Jfi

HHI

^od«l

RM-10S RM IBS RM-20S RM40S RM-75S FtM-80S

lOmetan 1 B mQlarf 20 rrnjiflirs 40 metars 75 motors SOfnetert

Prica $t1.30 17.66 13.00 15,50 30.00 30.40

t«TV

For 6-10-15-20-40-75-80 Meter*

F«(S

MusTuen

MASTS

Am#1vur¥

JTAINLEB5 STEEL pJliU. MQUMT

raw DECK. fENdin on ^nit

HdOEi SSM-I II

n«^3

MQOCL fV-t

PEID LtNE

n«l ir«ivn DTiiTi'i^i^rtrt mAiimum

,n [tin tfiL SMC :9ia l*Fiil-n itf H-S »U

(■•I* Imppiiw ^m EMHiKWn at

WKFDCL&B

nrt\ mounl irif h«id<M*ft. Ptiit. t8i<3II

vVtlCKl vfW

^11 4k*-?« Ihrmm fD fit fH»\w Mil

Fv bMmpar nHunbng— fol^ i» p| mpl'

liint 27* ibov* b*u ^let t23 QO UODCL HO I

Fur 4tit^ m firtdtt womHina foW «>

« IH( Mm IS' ^nv tew Pnc« t2ZI»

I

Comn 10 IS 20 40 t««U«m

iu»

4t A*

t^tr^|v^^\ lOO M|*^ utiMcit u^ veru c«l (Nict* up 19 JH' CJO SOfS? e«Ai tiir,nBCt*+ p^,^, iffT.9S

lpO-1

UDDIL 4>|TV

■ u«*ii iWR-^gS

^ Bindwr^ih IT ill bnudtir^ KWR ],ft tD 1 !?r t*tlw «l bind *di|ttiL

■ HmitaP •vcliil.iv« ubp r04^ -^Sfv iti" «i}rudid to othCifiH' in-

■d^uttminr vrFPioiii (fiiTii|t IQ INi i-lummum lubinf. CuittFiliMd tt\ bt bnl#il H%Mmti\f al fDv rnulli'bmd wflleii

4rtt*nA* Kta %~-H wM 4t Itw i?

war

Hirii^tn^ luted

MODEL 4-tTV

pn ssa W CW

'■^1^ A'

ipftfuul litfAllL Dt ^mt Nininl piTh nduJt

iMlffit 11? ibi

Tufts Radio Electrotiics « 209 Mystic Avefiue • Medford MA 02155 # (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

SuperAmp

from Den/zon.

Match everything front 160 to to with the new l6o-lO MAT

HEV\i: Tht Monitor Tuner wai d^ih^n^d bt- caUH af <ivBtwhe\ tTMnq demwTKj, HaiTtS told tn ijwy wmlBd ■ 3 kileMntt tun«r willi • bu»lt m wmunvar, a front pantl Miivifi« ^iKtof tot eosx^ baianud Ufw vid jw^anv •mkn^ SoMBngnHHwItht l&O-IOntMonttor TuiHi. Il't A lifittfTw tffralfflAfti 41 S2S9.50.

$299.50

II riit Miipli^cr you'tt ittnl^irq o^ bisytni Etoctn't el«iii«r m iHtt lOOP to IJOO vnatu txilpu^

Ouf Now Syfxr Anifi a iwiaei^na thm eountry becAdt hjfm rii«B rvalind mm t^ DsfiTron Afino<Fifp» wih lAtliwif ID tha BittrMii; tsyiput pQWfl, wlwit oiJ>ier matHjficnjrftri rvtr js ^fiput poHvr.

Thi Super Amp furrt • (uTI 2000 i*arti P.E-P- Inpgl on SSB, wrd 1000 woft? OC on CW, WTTY Of $S TV 1^-10 itiatflri, the maximum ■■qbI pawar.

Ttiu SupsF Amp ei <H:hmpi9c^ low pr&ni«, ha& n solid one ptvcg cabinet BiiLirtng mtxtnnum TVI ihtildinfi,

Hh tHBit o1 our amjiAiUm^ i$tt ponvr luppty, is ■ «»Yt]|niJaui dtrty. itif tiontiifMd wpply tuJIt

W« mownivd tti« 4'S72B^i. imJufetrlal' woilihDna vubma^ in m coaBaq dumhvr featuring tfi* OrtHtenviid wiMsta coolmg mtean^

Tlw rHim ■! DwiTron pndii llieiiaaJi«s on quiMiy ifork, 4id nii fighi id t«p pncK doMm. ThM^t H^f tfw (fyranic DhnTron Lin«ar Am|jikti«r bvats ihtfn ill

Me^t the SuperTuner

$574^50

The 80-10 Shsrinateher

Hfff«'( an antonna lunvf Icir SO |hr<eHjQh ID nwtan, handln ^OD w ?.E.P. and mfctc^?^ yotif 62 Ohm mnHaHlw to a random 'i^ra anitetiT^.

~ Corrtinoiaui ttmnf 3^ ^ 30 mc

- "L" nefwofli

* C4nnnc T 2 poi4tiOfi rolliry nfrtch

' SD~^23d racaptional to tranunitfir

- ftindit^^ wire tui^r

* 3000 valt copKilor ifuicing > Tappeci inductor

■ Cefamic ant«nnfl Ind thfu

« 7 ' W. 5" H. e'' D., Wa4#it; S tbi.

$59.50

tkeud forward, and reflected

tvatts at the same time

Jmtd at ctmstvnt fwixdhia^ ant pMBanDf It 7

£ivy i0^Du» Kan hngmt he mull ritad both iurwm^ tnd rwtvrx waiti^t limutmjtoutfy

tof Ehal ptrtiKI mililii. So vt^flrad^ itnd^ di* [>anTrwi fiZ Ooal m fma Watimttar

$99.50

Tha DvnTron Supar TiuMir bins mArything from 1GO-10 m«t«nv Wlwdvir you hsvt balanced line, coaji e«bt«, rsi^dom or k^ng wirg, i^ Super Tunar wiH matEh iha antenna l^rtipadancff To y^uf trinimittfir. All DtnTron tunarfifrka yi^u rrt^^timuTu [itowtr tttfliimr from your tranunltttsr fo v<tur antenna^ and iin't that wh*fa It raaly counti?

1 nvt MODEL

$129.50

3 KW MODEL

$2Z9.50

The SIry Openers

SKVM ASTER

A fully ilav«lDp«d And teir'Hf 77 fool ^irthcil f^ttnuj oifan PrttiPK 1C, IS, 20, and40n1ct<rbii<idi uklnn onl^ «ib cIivb^v •ppihfd wivfl trip A lull 1/4 wiv« intinna on 2D rTwtBrt. Conrtruet«l eH hkflvy ikkt^ Iw #lufninum wliti j f*CTbripi tunatH ami

tq6t iDf bnm'

TEIMTENNA

TKt intanna vour rHtfhbHi will tov*. Tt^a II ni»w PanTren Trim-Tenni with 20 nwtir I bum ii dfliiipniil lor ihr dJictl<mdn«ttni imitiyr wrtH3 wvnti fwilitic pgrfe^nurVH in ftn tuvtr Dnnwn ullv 4pii«*lln| bivm. Il'l fat#f loatfatfl U^ Irwit Aprv't a 1 3 fcm « MA dbvecor whii pi«Hi« itiHai JM4L T fH« iMNJid m * If toai

i

AAV iMi 9^H* af

$$4.50

jUh 80 nt mamtiv tar np nMHimtnt qA SKY MASTER.

$29.50

tut Tt^BrTiHia md A*i

4 & fr ri^ wwid 0«Pi Onr Dqpal*-

JTlL

^^

SKVCLAW A evndta

Pw ao. 80.

iKVCLAtt

m

ALL SAND DOUSLET

i

rmittton luutrt l4ui Iftlt HlfniupfHsrtlna unJI ii wHilhirpfCHlf iPHd lurfill>ri ntc«iy kn 100 mph wifidi.. Hifidlii fM li|^l

r hjTUt.

$79.50

Thii AJt bmd DiMlAri v invHtod Tvv«

HI W *«« t»

Of 130 |«M IM i*.

F^ alttHNlt^ It' Piiay In nun H iiiiiMHrij- Ttklt nifHd Ooutolf t *t nnlv f«d thi«kqh 1DID Fitt M aiKi Qhm PVC DHtrtll tHlin^HJ trinimliiian L^rM. Thi •Mambfir ii OQrikplitt. Add rop* io tN •ndi irtd pijill up into poifttun. TLrn€ W!lti thi benTtCKn $upit T'yhat inti fou'ri Ofii 10 ihroufh >40 fnri^tt winh «H ■ntrnn*! Nam ^1 fet tht DvpTti^ All SLuud DoiAlaL

t1^ DuTron EX 1 V«nia(

$24.50

Tte EX 1 « 1M «^at HTtKd

$59.50

DRAKE TVI FILTERS High Pasa Filters fot TV SeU

provide Tnott; than 40 dB attenuation at 52 MH^ and lower. Protect the TV set froio amateuf tran^rnitt^ra 6-160 metejB.

Drake TV-30O-HP

Model No. 160a

For 300 ohm twin lead

Price: $10^60

DRAKE TV-3S0a-Lrr

1000 watts max. below 30 MHz. Attenuation better than SO dB above 41 MHs;. Helps TV i-f interference^ as well as TV fiont-end problems. Price: $26,60 Model No. 1608

Drake TV-75-HP

Model No. 1610 For 75 ohm TV coaxial cable; TV type connectors installed Prices $13*25

LOW PASS FILTERS FOR TRANSMITTERS

have four pi sections for sharp cut off below channel 2, and to attenuate bansmitter harmonics falling in any TV channel and fm band. 62 ohm. SO-239 connectors built in.

DRAKE TV^200-LP 200 watU to 52 MHz. Ideal for six meters. For operation below six meters* use

TV-3300-LP or TV-42-LP.

Model No* 1609 Price: $26.60

DRAKE TV-42-LF Model No. 1605

is a four section filter designed with 43.2 MHz cut-off and

extremely high attenuation in all TV ehanncLs for transmitters

operating at 30 MHz and lower. Rated 100 watts input. Price:

$14.60

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Efectronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • MedfonJ MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

WORK ALL REPEATERS WITH OUR NEW SYNTHESIZER U

The Synthesizer II is a two meter frequency synthe* sizer. Frequency is adjustable in 5 kHz steps from 140.00 MHz to 149.995 MHz with its digital readout thumb wheel switching* Transmit offsets are digitally

frogrammed on a diode matrix, and can range from 0 kHz to 10 MHz, No additional components are

necessary!

Kit $169.95 Wired and tested$239.95

Abo available for 220 MHz!

RX2SCW7T RXSCa Kii .

RXSOf WfT HXi44r Kit

HXl44t w/r KX2lq(. Kit.

RXZlOt W/T KX4J2t Kii.

RX4^2i" W/T

TX50 . . . . TXSOW/r. -

TX144B Kit TX144B ^TT TX220BKil.

PA2S0LH KU

PA25onrw/T

PA4010H Kit -

I

PA4010H W/T- FAS0/2S Ki( .

FA50/2S W/T PAI44/IS Kit,

PA 144/15 Kji PA220/!S Kif . PA4J2/lOKjt

PAI40/10W/T PA140/30W/T

PSISC Kit

PSlSCW/T PS2SC Kit .

PS2SCWn" ' ' l'S2SM Kit. - - PS2SM W/T . ,

RPT50 Kii. . .

RPT50

RPT144 Kit - .

RKTllO Kit . .

RPT4J2 Kit . .

RPT144WYT .

RPT:20\V/T .

RPT4J2W/T . OPLA50 ....

TRX50 Ki( . .

THXI44 Kit TRX2aO Kit TRX432 Kit

TROl .... TRC-2

SYN n Kit . .

SYN Jl W/T , MO- 1 Kit. . * TO' I Kit , . *

HT t44B Kit

mcAD. . , .

DCll . . . .

Rubber Duck

piiie 10.7 SiHr LTvitat niter 5 *t9.9S

\j.[in." jS jb'Wii— wiff^dt 4 iifsttid 104.95

3O-&0 MH/ rtvf w/2 piik lo "J

MHj^ I. rK»tJi1 tiller. . 5** <*S

sjime a* jNiVc-vviftfd & ii*s,ie!vi , - 104 "iS

14l>170 MHV rivr ^\ [2 ^mW

iO.7 MH^ cry^tai filler , , h - . (i**,Mf*

sumt us Ut5iive-wirt?d & leRieii - . I t^M$

l\0-74(} MH^ rirvr w/^ poltf

10*7 MH^ cTvMyl t'illeT ..... 6<*,**5

Siime itii {ihuvi- ■ wired Jt testijd , , I l"!,'!^

4J2 MH/ rcvr ^72 p«»t« 10,7

MHi vtyvial filler 7V^'*5

^■ne dl 4»bnvtf .wWd 4 Itf^ted . - 124.^5

InnsmJTtef etdfer* t w^tt, 6 mtr, J^.95

lame is ahovcwind 4 levied . - S9,^$

trafumiltcf eKciter— 1 wfttl-1 mtrs 19 A%

same at above— Mrired & tested^ * , 49,95 triDSTTiilur «ki,£iier- lwi(i-210

2 mir power aoit -ku [w in— 25w out v^'ith jsnJid sijte switching,

castf, cmmvctnr!; ■ * , , 59.95

same as above— wired Jt ims ted . , ?4.'^S 2 mtf power amp— 1 Ow in -40w

oui-reUy iwitching 59.95

sam« AS above— wLrii<I 4 tested -, ■?4.95 6 mtf powtf amp. tw in, 25w ouK

(•ess caw, connectors Jk iwiicbiJig , 49.9 5

iidtf! as above, wired &. teiled. - ^9^95 2 mtr powCT amp— I^ in-ISw aut-lc» cas«. ccmnectori And

swiicbinB . 19.95

^*me IS PA 144/1 5 Icil bui 25w , - 49.95

similar tu PA144/L5 for 220 MHz J9.95 power amp-iimiiar to PA144/15

except lOvv- and 432 MH? 49.95

lOw in '-140W out-2 mir limp ., 179.95

3thv in-l 40uf uut-3 mtr limp , , 159,95

1 5 am p > • 1 2 V o| t regulate d power su p- plir u7^4Sc,w /fold-back current timii- ing and overvottftge protection , . 79.95 ^me a$ above -wired & tested . . 94.95 lSamp-1 2 voir regulated power sup- ply w/C4^e.w/f aid- bach current limit- ing and ovp ,,..,,.,,,... 129.95 tame as above -wired & te« ted . . 149. 9S same ij PS25C with meters .... 149.95 Same as above -wired & I Listed . . 169.95

repeater-ft meter . ......... 465. "rJS

repeater- 6 meter^ wired &, tested 695^95

repe:}[ifr~2 mtr- ISw-complele

(less crystals ) ...... . . 46S.9S

repeater -2 20 MH^- 1 Sw-cocnplete

(less cryitali) 4frS.95

rcpettet^JOwatt— 433 MHi

[less cry &taU) , . . . _ St 5,9 5

repeater ' 1 5 watr-3 tnfr . ..... 695.95

fcpeiter-iS wttt-320 MH** , , . 695.95 repcjitcr-IOwatt-432 MH*. , . - 749.95 6 mtr citise spaced duplexer . . , . 57S.0Q

Complete 6 mtr bM tran$ce|vi?r kit^ 20w out, IQ ciMiintil si^an with case (kss mike and crystal's) , ..,.«. 249^V5 same as above^ but 2 mtr St 1 Sw oiit2l9.9S same as above except for 220 MHz 219.95 same as above exi!epi 10 wan and

432MHI 854.9S

transceiver c«se only .,..,.., 19.95 transceiver case and acceiaories . . 39.95

2 mtr synlhesiicr, transm^itt offsets prosramitiAble from 100 KHi-10MHi» (Mars offsets with optionil adapters) ,,...♦,♦,,,.,. 169.95 same afl above- wired Sl teiled . . 139.9 5 Mar^/cap afreet optional .«.».. 2.50 1& MHz optional tripler .*♦♦.. 2.50

2 mtr, 3w, 4 channels hancl held rec:eiver with cryitaU for L46.52 iimpteHL - 129 95 bsner> paek* 12 VDC. Viamp. , , 29.95 battery charfei for above ..... SAS 2 mtr. with male RHCcortnetior . 1.95

RECEIVERS

TRANSMITTERS

POWER AMPLIFIERS

RXCK . . .

RF2B Kit . . RF50 Kit . . Rl: J44D Kit Rr22an Kit.

RF4J2 Kit. .

if io.lh Kit

FM455 Kit- ^ AS3 Kit . . .

TX 3 JOB W/T TX432» Kil- TX4J2BW/T TXI50 Kit- - TX ISO W/T -

Blue! Line . .

Model

BLB J/JSO BLC 1 0/70 BLC2/70 BLC 10/150 BLC JO/1 SO BLD 2/60 BLD 10/60 BLD 10/120 BLl£ 10/40 BLE 2/40 BLE 30/HO BLF I O/HO

accetsory filter fr>r »bove receiver kits ^1%'cs 70 J B j^d)avenl cbannel re|rr(|ork S,SO

10 mtr Hi frrmt end 10,7 MHz out 12. SO 6 mtf Kl from ^nd |0.7 MH? out 12. 50 2 mir R} front tnd I 0,7 MHi out I 7.50 220 Mit7 Hi- ffont end tO.7 MHi

431 MHi RF front end 10,7 MHt

IjU I ■■^^.^■■■H rai Bfi fcid ^Pi-S'lJ

10.1 MHz ih module inctudt^ 1

pule crystal filter , . , . 27,50

45 S KHf n stage p\M% FM deteclor 17.50

audio and squelch board, ..... 15^00

same AS a bvve- wired & tested ■■ 49.95

iransmtlttfr cJiciter 432 MHf ■ 39.95

fame a^ Ab'jve -wired i tested ^9.95

300 milliwatt. 2 ftltf transmitiei i9.95

Kiime as above -wired & lifstfd .. 29.95

. RF powe:i Limp, wirt'd CW-FM-SSH/AM

Power Freiiuency Input

45' SSMHi 3W

140^1 6OMH1 lOW

140-1 6OMH7 2W

]40^160MH; I OW

I40'!60MHj 3 0W

120-2 JOMHi 2W

220-2 JOMH7 tow

120-2 3OMH1 low

420'470MHt lOW

4 2O-470MHZ 2W

4 20-4 70 MHi JOW

420-470 MHz 1 QW

& tested, emisslnn-

Pnwer Output

I SOW 70W 70W ISOW 1 SOW

«ow

&0W

120W

40W

40W

SOW

SOW

T8A 1 39.95 I 59.95 25^.95 2J9,9S 159.95 I39.9S 2S9,9S I 39.95 159.55 259.95 289.95

POWER SUPPLIES

adds uver voltBge pratection to your pnwcr fuppii«s. 1 5 VI3C max. 9.95

12 v*Mt— powTijT supply reg;ubtor i.ard wjtb fold back {.'urfeni lirtiitin^ , . 8.95 new ctfmmeFCial duly 30 amp 1 2 VDC reguUtcil power supply w/castf. w/fojd-bjick currenl limiting and overvoltuge proiet:tii»ri ...... 239,95

REPEATERS

[JPLA144

DFLA220

DFLA412 PSC-U . .

DSC-N .

2 mtr. 600 KH/ spaced dupteiier, wired jnd tuned (n fre^^ueniry . 220 SiHf duple^ei. wired and

tuned to frei^uency .

rack mount duplexer .......

double sbiclded dupk^er cables vvi(h PL259 Cfinne^tofs (pf.) . samv as above with type N con nee tors ipr.) ... . .

379.95

379.95 319,95

25.00

;5.00

TRANSCEIVERS

OTHER PRODDCTS BY VHP ENGINEERING

SYNTHESIZERS

WALKIE-TALKIES

CD I Kjt . ■ rh2 Kit . . flVl Kit ,

Lxmj Kit ,

SC3 Kii . , Oj^-^tjili . .

t^H> Kit .

cwin

Mlt I . . ,

TSi W/1 IS I W/1

VI} J Kit TI»JW/1

HL144 W^T

HL220VV/T

HL432 W/l

10 L'hunncI rt;ceive xxai de^k

w/dlode Switch in 1^ ^ . $ b.95

10 cKanncI xmii deirk w/iiwiteb

and trimmers . ..,/.... 14.95

UHF version of 1 f ) i detk. otredtrd

for 433 multi-vb^niltfl f»peraliun. i 2,95

earner tipcraied reb^ 19 95

to chunnel iiuiii^Sjrjfn j duplet

f«f HX With priikrtt> . i . . 19.95 wr %U^ck mast ref^ater jnd irmpfeit

piiirsfrum 146.0 1 -17,0 (each) . S.QQ 159 hiL Iteld pro^ammabfcr^ code iden- tifier wiib built-in Miuekb I4tl and

in ttmers ....,, ^ . . , , . S'^.9%

wired jind ttisti^d. rmi programmed 54.95

wired jiiid tL'Stt^d, finj^ammed . 59.95 2,000 ohm dvnamii,' mike with

Vl.l till d 4.(>ii t Did 12 95

E nn I- stiuekh decoder . ^HJiS initialled 01 repeutef* iiKJudmi!

tn K' rt J L e LI ccesTi* 1 rj e % K 9 9 ?

2 I111H' dv%*kdi:*r 2'*.^f>

•*.ame 4* ab<»T»t — ^\iTed & itsiticd J 9. 9 5 4 |inle he|t,L4l revMiuttir, wired & levted^.

^ucpt Oiiii^d ti* 144 Mil/ hjLU . , 24. '^5

sa o) e a> ubi 1 ve tu ne d 1 4> 2 2 0 M 1 i / ban 24,95

^niefijit jbove tuned 1ii432 V|H/b^ii 24 9S

hf enaincering

THE WORLD S MOST COMPLETE LINE OF VHFFM KFTS AND EQUIPMENT

Deafer Programs NOW Available

Tufts Radio Elect? on ics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

KLM RF Power Amplifiers

'ADDON

POWER!

• A simple, add-on-immediately RF amplifier.

• Merely coax-connect ampitfier between antenna and transceiver

• No tuning! Efficienf strip- line broad band design.

• Automatic! Internal RF-sensor- controHed relay connects amplifier whenever transmitter is switched on.

Highest quality, American- made "brand ' transrstors are fully protected for VSWR. short and overload ^ reverse polarity. Highly effective heal sinking assures long

Manual, remote-position switching is optional.

Models for 6.2, 1V4 meters, 70CM amateur bands plus MARS coverage.

Two types: Class C for FM /C W, Linear for SSB/AM/FM/CW.

Negffgible insertion loss on receive.

American made by KLM.

Me, reliable performance. Black anodiaed containers,,, ex elusive KLM e>ftrustons, hdve fteven, full l^rrgth (Ins on both sides I

FREQ

MO DEI PWR IMP.

NOM ?VIH

N{]M.CUfl.

S^ZE

PRICE

.Fft£Q MODEL

PWR m?

MOM PWR

HQM CUR.

SIZE

PRICE

FBEQ MODEL PWR JNP NDH. PWR

HOM. CUR.

SIZE PftlCE

iMMi)

NUNTBIB (w^ns)

0UT.(w3l)s^

iamps.it

\MHi) NUh^SEf^

iM^aEts)

DUTi.y^itasl

lamps. )t

1MH7: HUMBBH jwatts) OUT.{wa(ts)

(amps)T

&D'54

PA4-&0AL 4

80

lOi^

c*

16^.95

14-^ MS PA1D-aOBi^>

,5-15

m

to

C*

159 95

400-473 PAJ.4GC 1-4 40

7

C- 149.95

144' Hfi

PA2-r2B 1-4

12

2

A

5S.95

PA10-I40e

5-15

1^0

re

D'

199 95

PA1D-35C 5-1 S 3S,

fi

0" 119.95

r,-

PA?-7[JB 1-4

70

10

c*

15^.95

PAlO-HDRL'

> 5-t5

140

18

D-

215.95

PAI0-3SCK' 5-15 55.

6

8- 139 9S

"

PA2-70BiO' 1-4

70

10

c-

T69 95

pAioieoei'

^ 5-15

160

22

0'

229.95

PA10.70C 5-15 7a

13

D* 229 95

PA5 1408 1-4

140

zo

0

^Z9 95

PA30-1iOB

1&-4S

140

IS

D'

T79.95

PA10-70CL..> 5-15 to

IS

0' 249.95

..

PA 10 406 5-15

40

5

B

83 95

PA30-140BL'.

■ 15-45

140

15

D'

159 95

■•

PfltO'40BL<?5-15

40

S

fl-

*4 95

2i9-??5 <>A3-rOBC

1-4

70

10

C*

169.9^

SJfflS: \mkti-. ■ A. ? 25 ^ 5 -. 2 '1, 6 5 >< 5 k2

-C 6 5x7 5«5

■0.6.5.^10x2.

■

PAm-70fl 5-15

70

a

C'

13S.95

PAtO'fiDBC

5'IS

60

e

e

149.95

MMi b?N 127^:50 8 165-i2?v50S

IfiiS:- 330x50*

1^5' 2&4v5a8

Pflitl-7DSl.c- 5-15

70

B

c-

149 95

PA30-120BC

15-45

120

15

D"

189 95

UKIAH AMPLinER rJMIlSVDC

TEMPO

Dealer Programs NOW Available

THE TEMPO 2020

Phe^e Jack-loop (PLL) OSCiHalor C^fCUH m\n\mi2B^

unwi^rnec! spurioua rescHjnseg.

Hybrid Dltjliai FnaRuentiy PTg^^ntalion

Advanced SQiid-siaLET desigrt...cin3y ^ lubes,

8uilt-in AC and 12 VDC po*or suppHes-

CW illlsr Slandard eqMJpmenl.-.nat an accessory.

Ruga^d &>4e-B llriBl arr>pMTiBf lubtE.

Coolirrg \An siamcJand equipinenL. .not &n apoe-segrs^.

High pftrfOFmgnce nofse-bJanker Is s-landard

equipment... ntht an icce^sofy.

Quilt-^n VOX and sem i - l>ne-.9it In CW keying.

C^Sldl Cal-Lbri^tpr and WWV a'BcslvIn^ 'Capa.bJIIlY'

Mifrraphon^s rpjQ'vide<]

Ouak R1T COITlfOl allows bath Oroad and HarTdw

tuning

All tianrt BO (fi.rciuoft 10 mftV&f coverape.

Wuitii-mode U3P, LSS. CW end AM Dperallon.

Extra&fdHiafy receiver gen^MlMHy i.3u S/N 10 dbj

a-nd osoKlator atabi I My j 1 00 Hr 30 m I rr aftgT wa["m-tj p ^

fixed channel crySlal conlr^l pn Iwa avallabt*

pasLll^ng .

flF At1*PiLiator„

Adjustpljifi ALC aclitfU.

PliDHE- patdfi In and out i^ckb.

Ssparate PTT jack Fa» f&oi awilc^i

6ijllt-in speaker.

The TEMPO ^iD. ..$758.00.

Model 6i:2Cl exl^rpal E[>$dke>

t.g^.95 Model aOtO

hiSSl'Ml..-fl * t<

TEMPO

VHF/

ONE PLUS

The Tempos ONE PLUS offers full 25 watt output or a selectable 3 to 15 watt low power output, remote tuning on the microphone, sideband operation with the SSB/ONE adapter, MARS operation capability, 5 KHz numerical LED, and all at a lower price than its time tested predecessor,,, the Tempo VHF ONE.

The Tempo VHF/One Plus is a VHF/FM transceiver for dependable communication on the 2 meter amateur band •Full 2 meter coverage, 144 to 143 MHz for both transmit and receive

• Full phase lock synthesized (PLL) • Automatic -repeater split — selectable up or down ♦Two built-in programmable channels

• All sot id state • 800 selectable recetve frequencies with simplex and +600 kHz transmit frequencies for each receive channel. Price: $399.00

ATLAS 350-XL

ALL SOLID STATE SSSTRAMSCEIVER

• 350 WATTS P.E.P. OR CW INPUT

• 10 THROUGH 160 METER COVERAGE

Illustrated vi/itn

optional AC supply. Auxiliary VFO, and Digital Dial.

Thje al! new Atlas 3 50* XL has all the exciting new featui-es you waul, plus superior p erf or mane e and selectivity control never before possible- Price; $995.00

• 10-160 METERS

Full coverage of all six amateur bands in 500 kHz, segments. Primary freauei^cy control provides highly stable operation. Also included is provision for adding up to 10 additional 500 kHz segments between 2 to 22 MHz by plugging in auxihary crystals.

• 350 WATTS

P.E.P. and CW input. Enough power to work the world barefoot! IDEAL FOR DESKTOP OR MOBILE OPERATION Measuring just 5 in, high x 12 in. wide x 12\^ in, deep, and weighing only 13 pounds, the Atlas 350-XL offers more features, perfor- mance and value than any other transceiver, regardless of size, on the nmrket to day J

• 350-PS matching AC supply — $195.00

• DD-6XL plug-in digital dial readout $195.00

• 305 plug-in auxiliary VFO — $155.00

• 311 plug-In crystal oscxUator — $135.00

• DMK-XL Plug-in mobile mounting kit— $65*00

•

TEMPO ONE HF Transceiver. 80^1 OM. USB, CW & AM -- $399.00 AC/ONE Power supply for TEMPO ONE - $99.00

VF/ONE EKternal VFO for TEMPO ONE - $199.00

TEMPO SSB/orJE

SSB adapter for the Tempo VHF/One

■ Selectable upper or tower sideband, ' Plugs directly

VHF/One vvith no modification. ' Noise btanker built-in.

VXO for full frequency coverage. ' $225,00

into the R IT and

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617* 395-8280

Tha MEtt MffJ

ImB^ COB* tiim Up ffr

With tin NEW MFJ Suptr Anteirna Tuner you can run your lull iran&ceivei power output — up to 200 watts RF power output - ar>d match your Transmitter to anv faedline Irom 1G0 thru 10 Metars whethtr you have coax cab4fl^ balance fine, or candDfTi wife

You cjii luni out ttit SWn «n v«ur difH>ic, inveEte(J stet, t^ndom wire, vertical, i^i^Lie whip. beam. quad, or wtiatever you haw.

You cii tiM ipMili M h*adi with ^t one existing antenna Ho need to put up se$}drite anTenms Iv «Kh Innd.

hcfiiii' fht itAlt 'hMitfvMfc qI your tnobiie whLp Dy Wimnq d^T ttw 5W!! nn faiiit y«v ev. Wofks great with all solid

Quality live way tsmding posts are used fv itM balance line infHiis {2), random wire

mput (1), anbgrounEl(1}.

mtfl rigs (like Ihe Atlas) and wllh all lube type rlQs

n iriv»li well. tee. ft£ ultra compact size 5x2x6 inches fits easily tn a small corner of yoijf suilcasa.

The sicrtt of thi) liny, powerful tuner is a wMSe rartge 12 position variable mduciof made frcm two stacked loroid cores and higti quality capacitors manufactured •speciaJ^ tot Hff i. for balance lines a 1 :4 (unbalanced to baianced) bahjn ts buih in. tiade m USA by MFJ tnierpr^s

TMt teanUM ntte taim is housed m a del, white Te^Tec e-nclosure

wttr^ ^d^ii^: y;ajn sid^S.

50-239 etsr cfltwectpn are prfrvided lor transmitter mnui and coax led aiitennas.

This Digitaf Alarm Clock is also an ID Timer. Assombled^ too!

/£ 40

THE HAM-KEY

NOW 5 MODELS

Deafer Programs NOW A vailabte

tiotf I Snvtir tei oii aiw but to ii vfttf C^. Tlip t9i^ tm tvtfut tunan

Tm cbi itai iM Mi riBH 1Q tr« tmd nmute to ttsnf6 you ^ a SXEO or iMVtv to Pifca you t^ * ■* ittumng ao^miAsiioiy t¥try ?l rieMi? ^no imd tq reniffntef twtr noM to set tte item}

Nif tvit ,63 luck §^ pFd^ide jjrflciSA lima b ItW rnifibiic Secorah dppo^ it ihe teixh {H the ID/do^t buti^

frmin te BMbi ant l^t »tt butTijA) Fiatl and MU in HCfliidi to nni lor pncisa stttng to WWV wM 'dn tBi 9t llflKnS fJHtH

rii MpBik Mi w ni tS ntcjun tAM «i a t

Mf Hit i «« p^v pes ^ moRWitarir Fv 4q|ir Vt*v 9m 4 Ftseis to 12LI» AP and Iht ah LEO

tMtol tot iW a^ Hmm -i vngk v« '^ul wft tht list and iiom set autioH t««n «« KYi «ni fitf

lit VAC. M Kl »im I 3 1/4 s 3 3««]»s. Ov

MEW

AMIDEL HK 5

■LECtHONICKEYfR

$69.95

lamlric circuit for squ-eeze keying.

Self completing dots «. da^hat ,

Dot memory

Battery qserated witti provlalCMti for

external power

Built-in side- lone monStor.

Sp»d, Volume^ tone & weight con Jfol a.

Gr^ block ar direct keying,

Use with exterfial paddle sucha^ HKO.

Model HK-1 S29.95

• CKwIlever 54ue«^« pedd^-

• U*«*i1h HK Sot any etectronicV ever.

• Heavy bau-witfimsn-slipruMttr feel. « P»dd lei reversible for wide or close f I A^ers$«€irbg

Model HK-2 519.95

9 Same » HK-t , im base fcr tho&e who wts,h ta incorporalelnttwir own Keyer.

Model HK-3 $16.95

« Delude straight key.

« Heayy base, no ne^fo attach lo desk,

• Velvet iftiooth action.

Model HK-4 $44.95

■ CofnbinationonHK-l & HIC 3 on serr^ bete.

400% MORE RF POWER PLUGS BETWEEN YOUR MICROPHONE AND TRANSMITTER

ISPSaOBSL X dD OffmniK rengt IC log imp and 3 and Qtilput i-3i ie m 3-1 ;4 « 4 " "

LSP-UOBX i Same «s LSP^SSfiex Out ui a bcaui-iy 2-1^8 « 3-i'e ■ V*'ie lfie*» Ten-Tec iflcjioiuiv ffiin unoomfmima a pwn Mic p^. eyMHil ciote. nsivv luacuiia t«»t<cfi

SUPER LOGARITHMIC SPEECH PROCESSOR

Up to 400% More RF Power is yours with this plug-in unit. Simply plug the MFJ Super Logarithmic Speech Processor between your microphone and transmitter and your voice is suddenly transformed from a whisper to a Dynamic Output

Your signal is full of punch with power to slice through QRM and you go from barely readable to "solid copy OM/'

$

29

95

$

54

95

CWF-2BX Super CW FlUOf

By 1,1 r ih«- IsBdvr Ovtr SOW In u&9 Hizof tKirp ■•^activity. SO H< tifndwldth^ txitmnntf miw*p ^kld& No ringltiQ. PIu^b bi1wi&«^n focelvir ■net p^onas at cwntct twtWMn ^ikI|o slugv For speaker QpiirallQn.

« Selectable &W. 00, I ID. 1 BO Hz » fiO dB down on* octaiie Irom coftlflf IfiKi ol 750 Hz tor fid Hz

* 3-3^6 K :^Ha T 4 in

CMOS'fiO^^ Electronic Keyer

Sill* d1 th« an dsfiQn utai CUHJiS-^M3 K«v*p-on^a-cNp.

» Buill-in K^ • Dot momt^ry • iambic opera- ilnn uvkih external squeoie Key ■ B lo 50 '/^PM * SiCteione and tpstkiir • Speed, vdh urn*, lOT^e, wejghi conirols, • Uitm reinabit soitd fliaift Iteyir^ +300 wOM* n*i)i • 4 positlofi IWllCft lO' TUNE, Off QH. SIOCTOWE OFF ■ Uttt 4 EfefiJ>9li| Ctitl» • 3'3ne ■ >1,'4 1 A

ffKIMS

NEW

MFi^'keoiO Antenna Tuner

Now you t^n ftp«fa|t all bana — l&O Ihini 10 Mtivfs — wlilh » iLngb randam wIf« find run your tkjir trantcolvrr powvr output — up 1o 200 wHlli HF pctwlr OyTPUT:

• Small enou^jM lo c»rrv m ^cigr hip pockel, l-^nB- M 3^U4 3( 4 Irishes » MaEcrifta tow ftjtd high imptttftfiCSft by mterchancjmg inpul ind Dutpu.i • 30^239 coa.R:ial canr^cEdrA * Unique Midha rsno*. tiigli' ptrlormai^ce. U post I ion tapped indMCtof Uma Iwd Bracked ta4:ei(i caf»*

$

2995 [^»27'^^^H9

seF'^ex sse Fut»r

MFJ'ZOOBX Frequency Sf^ndard

MFJ-lOloax RiK:el¥eF f^reulecior

4 Optrniifeii irf^ur iif^io to reduce udeband splutter . ivrxfn low IM rngh piicNsd O^M tuiift iWic crufiM bW^gfPwfta ihmu, 9) and MH Hi hum * I^MuC44 iAii!|ii« HJuMng contesi. Ok: tJid

raflcttwumg * Pluo* Mt**wi dTicmt^s and ffr

□ pafatiorr « Stiacitbla barid«idih IC acili^B audio finer • UMI 9 ¥QJl ballery » 2-3n'S x S-T/A K 4 InchM

IS KNl w*t1: inte VH^ itflOA.

too. SO. cr

mirtffl • UArti^fB we gilad I0' positive td«^t»- flHtiiDii CMOS ICs «tfi1t^ tteiriaiii4&4 oui^ul • No dirocf coriiecttoi^ n«£fl«t«ry • Uiei 9 volt baitefy a Aa|4j5laJ93e inmmvr lor Mio b«9}ing la

WWV ■ S^iich 3$l0c[| 100. 50, 315 KHz or OFF • Z-3ne X 3^114 K 4 InChiat

Ci«aflT copy

* HM4 mwi 20 dS IQ* nciie iiain • SapvBti ifipgt ifw) pvtput lumng controls gj«9 miksLfmuiTi gain »na RF ii«ectivitv to 9i0'^'1'>!^ntly r«tQet out^f-tMnd tig nil i «nij Fsduce image mponHf » Duaa gal» MQ5 FET tor ia« noiMi, ilrong signal handiino ablliiia-i. ■ CompiQieiv vttbi* • Op- tJimzAd lui IQ tnru 3a MHz • 3 V tultofy

• i'\m a a-&^fl I 5-9ns inches

CP0-5SS Cod« Osclllatdr

F{ir the Ncwcomar 1:& lanm the Morea 0o4a

For Ihe OEd titriar to polith hii Plil,

For Iha Codi InttructCil- 10 iBAch hie dosfia*.

* S^nd crlap ciiaar cigdi^ wiih plenty of volums 1(3^ classraom use * S*0 conlainad spftaK^^, vol- uftie. ton? conlh^li, Blummum cabinei • 9 V battery • Tcs^quaiiEvUS conitruclion « Usfiii &55 IC Timer • 2-3n6 i 3'lJ4 ji 4 inch«a

$

29

95

NIFJ-40T ORP T ran f matter

WO(t (tk» motki «ltli « ■«!» on 40 Maiaf CW

• Mo |yni}>o • U«|{:h«>s iQ o'lrn load « Qaan Dulpul Wllh low hvrt^^iii^ CdnrenT 4 Pa««r >mpfifi«f trafi«4siDt ptn^m*^ Agamsl ^i^ttoul ■ Switcm fiei^^4 3 cryilali dr VFQ inpul « If

vex; * 2-an6 m 3-1 m k 4 ^ncfiaa

MFj-4av. CompiriiOfiVFO tZ?.flS

MFJ-t20C, IC RodulAEAd Pow&f SuUptf

1 amp. la VDC Si?F 9Si

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Wedford MA 02155 • (617> 395-8280

TUFTS SELECTED TITLES OF POPULAR SAMS PUBLICATIONS

SECOND-CLASS RADIOTELEPHONE LICENSE HANDBOOK (5th Edition)

by Edward M. Noii. Provides afl the study materiaf needed to pass the FCC second- class radiotelephone license examination (Elements I, H. and Ih} All material is based on the FCC Study Guide and fieference Materiai for Commercmi Operator Examma-

tioa. Two tests aw included to simulate Ihe aclual ejta mi nation. 448 pages; SVj x. 3W, softbound,

No- 21111 $7.95

THIRD-CLASS R ADJOTELEPHONE LICENSE HANDBOOK (4th Edition)

by Edward M. NoU Serves as a practical study guide for the aspiring fSdio operator as well as a ready reference for those working in the Iteld. Designed as a study ard for obrain^ng licenses up to and including the Radiotelephone Third-Ciass Operator Permit wi!h Broadcast Endorsement, this newesl edition contains questions and answers

simdaf to tiiose given on the actual examination. 206 pages; Svi x S"!^-^; sottbound No. 2t3S3 $£.gs

CMOS COOKBOOK

by Don Lancaster. Teits all you need to know to understand and profilabty use this InsKpensfve and genuinely fun to work with digital logic family.. First an explanation of what CMOS is, how it works, and how to power it, plus usage rules, state testing ^ bread boarding, interface, and other basics is given. Then a minicatalog of over 100 devices, including pin out 8 and use descriptions is given, Subjects covered include gate fundamenlals. tri-state logic, redundant logic design techniques, multivibrators, non- volaTile merr^ory techniques, clocked JK and D titp-flops, counter and register tech- niques, op amps, analog switches, phase- locked loops and much more. A must for the student, hobbyist, teachers, technician, or engineer who wants to learn about CMOS. FJlJed with practical applications. 416 pages; bVz x 8W; softbound. No. Zl3Ba $9,9S

IC OP-AMP COOKBOOK

by Waiter G Jung. The first book of its kind to be published. Covers not only the basic theory of the IC op amp in greal detail, but also Includes over 350 practical circuit applications, liberally illustrated. Organized into three basic parts: introduction to the IC op amp and general considerations, practicai circuit appEicatiofts. and appendixes of manuf-acrurers' reference material. 592 pages; SVa x 8Vj; softbound.

Ho. 20969 $12,95

IC TIMER COOKBOOK

by WstterJung. Provides an excellent inlfoduction to the field of IC timers by presenting a collection of various circuit 'recipes" useful In applying the devices Arranged in three parts, the Hrsi part gives basic and generalized information Part II, the applications section, Is ttie "meat" of Ihe book and Includes over 100 different circuits for a wide range of uses. Part III contains reproductions of manufacturers data sheets, second- source manufacturers, and more. This book is a valuable reference for Ihe liobbyist, the technical or engineering student, or professional. 29S pages; SV? x. SVz; softbound. No. 21416 $9,95

TTL COOKBOOK

by Don&fd Lancaster. A compiele and detailed guide to Iran sister- transistor logic (TTL). Explains what TTL is. how it works, and how to use it. Discusses practical applications, such as a digital counter and display system, events counter, electronic stopwatch, digital voltmeter, and a digital tachometer, 336 pages; SVii x BVa ; soft bound. No. 21035 $a.95

HOW TO BUY & USE MINICOMPUTERS & MICROCOMPUTERS

t?y Witliam Bardsn, Jf, Discusses these smaller computers and shows how they can be used in a varfety of practical and recreationa! tasks in the home or business-. Explains the bastes of minicomputers and microcomputers. Iheir hardware and software, peripheral devices available, and the various programming languages and techniques. Includes selection, buying, and programming your own system and gives detailed descriptions of currently available systems. 240 pages; SV? x 11; softbound. No. 21351 $9.95

MICROCOMPUTER PRIMER

by MitcheU Waiteand Mfchaei Pardee Introduces the beginner to the basic principles of the microcomputers. Discusses the five main parts of a Computer — Centrat process- ing unit, memory, input/output interfaces, and programs. The important characteristics of several well-known microprocessors are given and a chapter is included on pro- gramming your own microcomputer. 224 pages; SVj x SVa; softbound. No. 21404 *7.9S

THE 8080A BUGBOOK: MICROCOMPUTER INTERFACING AND PROGRAMMING

by Peter H. Rony, Dsvfd G. Larson, and Jonathan A Titus, The principles, concepts, and applications of an e-bit microcomputer based on the 8OB0 microprocessor IC chip The emphasis is on the computer as a controiler. Covers the four fundamental tasks of computer interfacing; (i) generation of strobe and device select pulses; {2} latching of accumulator output; (3) acQUisjtion of input data by the accumulafof ; (4) generation of interrupt signals to the computer, intended to help develop the skills needed to use an fiO&O-based breadboard microcomputer system. BVz x 8V2; sottbound. No. 21447 *9-95

RADIO HANDBOOK {20th Edftfon)

by Wtfiiam I Orr, WSSAt. A completely updated 20th edition of the famous communica- tions handbook that is.the electronics industry standard for engineers, technicians, and advanced amateurs. Explains In authoritative detail how to design and bulEd all types of radlocommunications equipment. Contains greatly enlarged section on semiconductor and iC circuit design. Includes ssb design and equipment; rtty circuits: linear amplitierB, both solid-state and lube types: vhf and uhf transmitters and converters; as weM as special-purpose and logic circuitry, plus compietely revised chapter on electronics mathematics. 1080 pages; SV^ x 9Vj; haj-dbound. Na 24032 SI 9,50

HAM AND CB ANTENNA DIMENSION CHARTS

by Edward M. NotL W3FQJ, Tabulates dimen sion information in feet and inches for all the popular antenna configurations. Gives data for dipoie antennas, quarter-wave verticais, two-element beams. CFuads, triangles, inverted dipoles, and inverted vees. Includes information for cutting transmission lines to a preferred wavelenglh, dimen- sioning phasing lines, culling a matching stub, and spacing antenna elements, 64 pages; 6x9; softbound. No. 24023 S2,75

COMMERCIAL RADIOTELEPHONE LICENSE QUESTION & ANSWER STUDY GUIDE (3rd Editton)

by Edwsfd M, Noii Prepares the reader to lake the exammations for the various grades of radiotelephone licenses , Emphasizes Ihose sub|ecls that are most important or most Nkely to be misunderstood, The questions are representative of those used in the FCC examinations. 304 pages; 6x9; sottbound. No. 24033 SB. 50

RADIO TRANSMITTER PRINCIPLES AND PROJECTS

by Edward M NoU, W3fQJ. Devoted entirely to tlie sub|eci of radio transmitters, ttiis book is a helpful gathering of modern transmitter principles, ideas, circuits, techniques, and learnby 'doing projects, Covers Bipolar CW and A-M Transmitter Circuits, Transistor-Tube Circuits, Basic Principles of SSB-DSB Generation, integrated Circuit Fundamentals, VHF'VHF Circuits and Principles. Frequency Modulation, and more. 320 pages; 51^ x BVi; goltbound. No. 24031 - - ^g^g

73 DIPOLE AND LONG-WIRE ANTENNAS

i^y Edward M. Noti. W3FQJ, Covers practically every type of wire antenna used by

amateurs. Gives dimensions, configurations, and construction data for 73 different

antennas, plus appendices covering construction of noise bridges, line tuners, and

data on measuring resonant frequency, velocity factor, and swr. 160 pages: 5Vj x flVg;

softbound

No. 24006 $5.50

73 VERTICAL, BEAM, AND TRIANGLE ANTENNAS

by Edward M. Nofi, W3FQJ. The second book in a series of practical antenna construc- tion and design methods. Contains data on practically all Jypes used by amateurs. Not a rehash of previously published data, but a compilation of the author's own experiments with various antenna configurations. The 73 different antennas have.sll been buill and air-tested by the author. 160 pages; 5Vi x 81^; softbound. Np, 24021 S5.50

FIRST-CLASS RADIOTELEPHONE LICENSE HANDBOOK (4th Edition)

by Edward M. NoiL An excellent study guide for the fjrsi-cla&s radiotelephone ficense e»(amination. Contains all the material needed to pass Element IV of the FCC examina- tion. Including all Ihe questions and answers found in the latest FCC Study Guide. Has three simulated examinations, presented in Ihe multipie-choice form of the FCC tests, as well as answers and evaluations to help the reader find his weak areas. 416 pages; 5Vs K BVz; softbound. No. 21144 $7.95

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 IVlystic Avenue • Medford IVIA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

the latest gear for the VHF enthusiast

sannsss-cjQHns^n

Gamber-Johnson Deluxe slide mount $17.88

• Solid snap In design

• Attaches to radio mtg bkt {or directly to radio)

• Four molex pins for power and exter naf speaker

• BNC RF slide connector

• pigtail UHF (SO -239) connections to radio and antenna

• designed for commercial use thru 1000 MHs

Frequency Register Search Indicator

Gamber- Johnson Console floor mount $31.50

• utilizes deluxe sifde FT^ounl

• built in speaker

• mount attaches securely to floor

extra slide mount

base $8-40

statTonary half of deluxe sJidemouni allows use of radio in second car or location

€€rcncu

Scan or Search

ii<= 7 e 0

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a ^.

[# 1 ^ 4 M ' « I. • Id «* u fa f ^9 lb I

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Program Panel

Channel Panel 16 Scanning L.E.D.'s

Regency Digitally Programmable Scanner with Keyboard Entry special $299

Model ACT^T'16K

Frequency Range; Lo VHF ,, 30- 50MHz Hi VHF , 146-174 MHz UHF . 440 512 MHz

Sensitivity:

(20 DB quieting)

LoVHF

Hi VHF

UHF

4 fr ■ « -

0.5 m V 0.6 m V

07 m V

Selectivity

* 7 KHz imin.) @ 6 DB ± 15 KHz (max,! @ 60 DB

Squelch: (threshold)

Lo VHF „ 0-4 M V

Hi \/Hf ....... 0.5m V

UHF. 0,6 m V

Search Scan Rangeilmaxl

Lo VHF 4000 channels

Hi VHF 5600 channels

UHF 5760 channels

UlCITCOffl

V^estcoifi VHF Amplifiers

Mote'

2M 3^301 2M 103C40

U4MH? CW-FMSSBAM1

144MH^ FM S

144MHI CW-fM SSftAM 5

P in

1 ^ 4

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15

15

Pout 30 30 40 &a 80

Price 7235

8Z95

129.95 139.95

Ruggedized DC Power Supplies

Ideal for VHF Transceivers and Amplifiers

• 105-125 VAC 60.60 Hz

• Fold back current limiting

• 13.8 VDG = . 05V

• UL listed Bt computer grade components

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• 5 mV peak-peak max ripple

Astron RS-SA $49.95

4.5 ADC Continuous 6,0 ADC IntermiTtant Recommended for up to 30 W amp's & xcvrs

Astron RS-10A $74.95

8 ADC Continuous TO ADC Intermittani Recommended for up ro 70 W amp's

Astron RS-20A $89.95

16 ADC Continuous 20 ADC tntermjttant Recommended for up to 120 W amp's

Astron RS-35A $129.95

25 ADC Continuous 35 ADC Intermittant Recommended for up to lao W amp's

icirseii Electronics

Larsen mobile antennas

% wave, 3dB gain, 200 W rating

LM-150-K 2M roof mount $30.20

LM-150 w/magnetic mount $38.45

LM-150 w/trunk Ifd mount S37.90

for Motorola NMO type mount add $5.25 220 MH?and 450 MH^ available at same price

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176

W17

It sounds almost biasphe* mous to talk about mod- ifying a beautiful, synthesized rig, doesn't It? Well, ilcan be done, and it can be done by anyone who knows how to solder two pieces of wire. That's the whole modifica- tion, f can add two pieces of wire to the KDK and double its versatility.

Why To

The KDK^ as it was de- signed, covers 144 to 148-995 MHz, and the receiver sensi- tivity leaves nothing to be desired, with the front end being tuned along with the synthesizer. The frequency coverage is so close to the public service band that it would be nice to have such a sensitive receiver, with a nice sharp i-f and precise fre- quency readout^ to see how the other half lives. No sooner said than attempted.

How To

1- Take the cover off the rig (the two nuts on the back),

2. Lay it upside down with the front panel facing you,

3. Move the red wire on the on-off switch over to the ter- minal that already has the two white wires with violet tracers.

4. Solder a 1/2 -inch piece of bare wire to the rear terminal pf the other side of this same switch (the three terminals closest to you),

5- Find the top terminals of Ihe aircraft-type frequency selector switch that have a jumper going from the front wafer to the rear wafer.

6. Solder a 6-inch piece of wire to this point (the rear wafer makes a neater job).

7. Solder the other end of this wire to the center ter- minal of the top bank of the on-off switch (see Fig. 1).

8. Find the frequency selec- tor terminals on the shielded enclosure directly behind the front panel controls. The ter- minal you want is the one to the far right as you look at the rig. It has 2 white-with- red tracer wires connected to It

M Klein W2PMX 206 Harrison Avenue Miiler Place NY 11764

High-Band Your

-- monitor the other half!

9. Solder the wire from step 4 to this terminal {the one in step 8), Be very careful that some strands of the wires do not short to ground, 1 have done this many times, and this is not conducive to re- ceiving.

How To Use It

With the on-off switch turned on^ the rig works the same as it always did (if not, see step 9), With the switch off, the rig will stay on. It's very easy to add an external power switch, and I didn't want to drill any holes in the rig. However^ you will see some very strange-looking megacycles on the readout. This is because you are feeding values in excess of 9 to the seven-segment decoder. It doesn't hurt anything, just makes it hard to read. If you add 8 to the frequency shown on the MHz switch^ you will have the frequency that the rig is really receiving. The KDK now tunes 152 to 155 MHz. With the switch on 148 MHz, the modification doesn't do anything, and the rig still receives (and trans- mits) 148 MHz. It is possible, with additional switching, to

extend the range from 140 to 155 MHz, inclusive^ but what do you want for 24 and five minutes?

Possible Problem (Only One)

You may find that, when the rig is switched to 152 to 155 MHz, the unlock indica- tor does not go out (some do, some don't). This is due to the fact that the vco is just out of range. Adjust the vco tuning capacitor yery sfightly and very slowly^ and you will find a point very near where it was that causes the unlock light to go out. If you are receiving a signal^ again tune the vco capacitor for maxi- mum S-meter reading on the signal.

The receiver, when prop- erly tuned up, shows 2 uV

sensitivity for 20 dB quieting on 2 meters and about .3 uV on high band. Not bad!

Theory

The terminals on the front of the shielded enclosure determine the division ratio of three 74192s. If the first one (the one on the right, looking at the rig from the bottom) divides by 4, we are on 144 MHz. If it divides by 8, we are on 148 MH^, (Aha! ft determines the third digit in the megahertz number.) We simply placed +5 volts on the 8 terminal, so we added 8 to that number. On 148 MHz, there is already +5 volts on that terminal, so , « .

Enough theory, already. Try it; you'll have fun! ■

4DD THESE

CONCENTfilC FRCOaOiCV SELE^TlOR SWITCH

flEMOVC FROM HERE

coMhccT TO mm

Fig. J. How simple it is.

177

J. George Taylorson^ Jr. WA6LJL 2924 Ciarmeya Lane Pasadena CA 9J107

The Rescue

-- real-life drama

The temperature was about 82*^^ a perfect day for exploring the back country of Fish Creek. Now^ if you Ye not famjhar with the whereabouts of Fish Creek^ it's about 50 miles east of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, about one mile from the Con- tinental Divide.

On this beautiful August 21, 1976, two young girls and a male friend decided to take the horses out for a ride in the back country. Nancy, 17, Patty, 19, and John, 17, saddled up the horses that they had been assigned to and started out on what was sup* posed to be a beautiful after- noon ride.

When you run a ranch, there is always much to do, so I set out with my two cowboys to do some of the chores that had been waiting to be done for some time. Now I think I should mention that the ranch is one and a half hours by four-wheel drive from the nearest tele-

phone. A person could set out from the ranch in any direction and never see an- other living person for 30 miles. The only electricity is a small, four-cylinder engine generator. Many have said it is one of few ranches left that reflect the way the old west was in the early 1900s.

About 4:30 pm, while I was working in the pasture, I looked down the path to the east and saw a rider heading for the ranch at a full run. One of the rules of the ranch is to never run your horse, so I immediately knew that there was trouble.

In a few minutes, Patty rode up to where I was working. In a state of shock, she started screaming that Nancy was seriously hurt. After quieting Patty down, I got a description of where Nancy was and jumped into the four-wheel drive truck with Mike J another guest at the ranch. We headed for the canyon where Nancy and

John were. The road was no more than a cow path, so the traveling was slow and bumpy. Once at the canyon, called Deer Creek, Mike and I started a one-mile hike looking for the injured girl and John. After about twenty minutes of rough hiking, we came upon them in a little clearing.

Nancys was tying on the grass in a state of shock, with blood flowing from her mouth. There was a lump on her head where she had hit the ground, and her left el- bow was completely dis- torted. It was decided that Nancy could not be moved.

Grabbing one of the horses, I headed down the canyon as fast as the horse could go to where the truck was parked. 1 headed back to the ranch, where I hoped and prayed that the oid generator would start. Once at the ranch, I was able to get the generator going, and 1 headed

for my new Atlas 210, which I had just purchased a month earlier. The antenna was a 20 meter dipoje on the roof oriented in a northwest and southeast direction. I wasted no time in finding a clear frequency and started calling ** Mayday, may day, may day; WA6LJL/7 near Jackson, Wyoming, calling may day. Someone come in, please."

I called several times and got no response. I didn't know what to do, as a girl was tying seriously injured, and this was the only means of help or communication with the outside world. I kept calling^ and, then, like music to the ears, I heard ^^WA6LJL/7 this is K5TZK Bob in Houston, Texas. Do you copy?" Thank God someone heard me! It didn't take long for me to tell Bob the problem. Shortly after 1 made contact, Ernie W7JRW in Las Vegas and Jim WB5NRX were involved keeping the surrounding fre- quencies clear, so 1 could communicate with Bob K5TZK.

Bob immediately got the long-distance operator and explained the situation to her. She then connected the sheriff^s department in Jack- son, Wyoming, and the U.S. Forest Service Department with Bob in Houston* After about 15 minutes of my giving directions to Bob, the sheriff's department dis- patched a helicopter and a registered nurse to our loca- tion. We were instructed to start some smoke fires so we could be spotted* For 30 minutes more I gave direc- tions to Bob to relay to the sheriff's department, which in turn relayed them to the chopper.

As the drama continued, there was not a bit of QRM on the frequency, thanks to Jim, Ernie, and, I am sure, others, who helped keep the frequency clear.

It seemed like hours be- fore I heard the low hum of the helicopter as it started to come into view over the

178

mountains. Seeing our signal fires, ii wasted no time get- ting to us and making a landing, I told the hams on the frequency that it was here, and, all of a sudden, there was a chorus of "Hoorays," making the prettiest QRM that I had ever heard I signed quickly and headed for the chopper. I boarded, and we took off to the location of the injured girl.

About five minutes later, we spotted the trio and made

an unbelievable landing witlv in 30' of where Nancy lay. By this time, she was urh conscious. The nurse said she looked bad, so we wasted no time getting her on a stretcher and airborne. We all gave a sigh of relief as the helicopter headed for the hospital.

The next day I drove into town to the hospital to find out how Nancy wa^, I found her doctor and asked him how she was doing, "Doing well/' be replied, **but if she

had gotten here 2 hours later, we would have had to ampu- tate her left arm, as the cir- culation had been cut off and the tissue was dying," Had we tried to Lake Nancy out by truck, it would have taken us 4 hours to get her to the hospital.

TodaYimany months later, Nancy is a beautiful young girl living in Palos Verdes^ owing her life and healthiness to the many hams who helped. Without this help, she might not be alive today.

So ]et everyone know that there is no greater service fraternity anywhere in the

world today than the hams, who would rather be of service to their fellow man than anything else.

Oh yes, I'll be back there a^in, and, ag^in, I'll have my trusty little Atlas 210 with me! So^ if you hear **WA6 Lovely Japanese Ladies por- table 7/' give a call and l>e sure to say hello, as you're the only commmunication we have with society, ■

Most two meter mobile antennas manufac- tured today are easily mistaken for Citizens Band antennas, especially by CBers and, more importantly, a faction which, of late, has greatly proliferated - the CB rip-off artists.

Many articles have appeared concerning the use of bursar alarms and other devices to protect your rift but few solutions have been offered concerning the most vulnerable part of your mobile system — the antennau

The solutions seem to boil down to two things:

1 . Take your antenna off when not using it, which is a hassle, even if you use a magnetic mount.

2, Let them take the antenna.

The second solution can be a viable one, providing the antenna is cheap, easily re- pEacedp and doesn't look so great^ so not many people bother to steal it anyway.

The antenna described here will adapt readily to the popular Antenna Specialists 5/8 wave roof or trunk mounts, as well as many CB mounts. If you don't have one of these, the roof or trunk mount, less antenna, can be purchased at your local Radio Shack (roof mount — part no, 21-914; trunk mount — part no. 21-913).

The antenna itself is easy to construct. The only materials required are a PL-259 coax connector and a 20-inch piece of welding rod.

T<mi N. Todd WA5TSJ

J300S.W, 62

Oklahoma City OK 75159

Welding Rod Special Antenna

for seamless contacts

coat hanger, large copper weld wire, or what have you, and some silicone rubber sealant. Use a hacksaw or a large pair of diagonal pliers to cut about half of the pin off of the PL -259- Take the 2frinch piece of rod, clean the end, and solder it to the center conductor of the PL-259, trying to get a smooth, round bead of solder on the tip of the PL-259 to make good connection with the mount. Fill in the back of the plug with the silicone sealer, in order to keep moisture out.

The PL-259 sleeve is brought down over the rod and screwed over the con- nector in the usual fashion. The entire assembly may now be screwed down securely on the antenna mount, A 20" piece of rod is used, to allow

for about 19" measured from the back end of the con- nector to the end of the rod, which is a good ball park figure for two meters. An swr brid^ may be used to prune the antenna, by careful snipping with wire cutters, but Tve never even measured my swr and haven*t had any

problems-

The antenna has been used on my car for about 8 months and works quite welL No one has yet bothered to steal It, but, if they do, I haven't lost much. I still keep my 5/8 wave in the trunk in case I go out of town and want that "extra 3dB." ■

TIP CF fL-2 59 CUT OFF

RDD SOLDERED TD TIP

BI^CK OF CONNECTOn FILLED WTTH SILICOI^E S£ALAl4t

Fig. J:

179

RTTY Can Be Easy!

Have You Wondered . . . What Owning a RTTY Station Would be Like?

Have You Thought . . . About Finding Out but Didn't Know Who to Ask?

J

ASK THE GUYS AT HAL!

Our sales and service staff will be happy to assist you in your choice nf RTTY equipment, answer questions aboLif RTTY. and provide assistance if problems do arise, tn addition, all HAL amateur RTTY equipment manuals can be purchased tor S 10.00 each for an advance look (applicabte lo future purchase of that unir).

Answers to common RTTY questions are featured in the center fold of our new amateur radio catalog. Such questions as '* What do 1 need?'* "How do I hook it up?", and '*What frequencies do I use?*' are dis- cussed. Technical points concerning RTTY pulses, FSK and AFSK, and high tones vs lowtones are covered.

Write roday for HAL*S new catalog and RTTY guide and discover how much fun RTTY can be.

V.

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The company that put high voltage on the moon, now brings you expanding amateur radio technology.

V3

181

^

Alien J. Fehl VJA9GUK PO Box 701 BrookvilJe IN 47012

specified frequency, What*s the value of L?

Tanks

Lot!

-- inductor calculation program

If you don't own a programmable pocket calculator, chances are you will before too long. A 100-step programmable calcu*

iator is already on the market for less than a scientific-type pocket calculator cost two years ago. They*re ju&t too nice a toy to be overlooked

by hams for long*

Now suppose you pull a variable capacitor out of the junk box and you want it to resonate with an inductor at a

Location

Koy

32

8

65

RCL

0

0

33

3

66

4

1

STO

34

Subr

67

X

2

0

35

6

6S

9

3

STO

36

1

69

+

4

6

37

X>t

70

1

5

RCL

38

2

71

0

6

1

39

B

72

X

7

x2

40

CLR

73

RCL

8

X

41

¥

74

6

9

RCL

42

NOP

75

=

10

9

43

0

76

11

X

44

0

77

RCL

12

RCL

45

1

78

7

13

2

46

Inv

79

X

14

^

47

SUM

80

RCL

16

1/X

48

6

81

5

16

X

49

Subr

82

=

17

1

50

8

83

^STO

18

EE

51

8

34

19

1

52

Subr

35

8

20

2

53

6

86

»

21

:=:

54

1

87

Rm

22

SIU

55

Inv

88

(

23

s

56

K>t

89

RCL

24

R/S

57

4

90

3

25

CLR

58

0

91

X

26

p

59

R/S

92

RCL

27

0

60

RST

93

6

28

5

61

t

94

=

29

SUM

62

1

95

x^

30

6

63

SUM

96

)

31

Subr

64

0

97

Rtn

LuH =

1012

4ir2 (CpF) (f2 itHz)

Not too bad. But now how do you wind the inductor to get this value of inductance? Well,

turns =

U9a + 10b)

Fig. h

where a is the inductor radios and b is the inductor lengih. Now this gets a little messy*

Squaring, dividing, and taking square roots is not a whole lot of fun* But there is another problem. Assuming we settle upon a value for the inductor radius, we still have to contend with the proper value for the length. How do we find b? Well, we know that turns per inch (tpi) times length equals turns. So if we vary the length b, carry out the above calculation to get turns, then multiply that same length by tpr and com- pare the result with turns, we can see how close we are. We want the difference between the two to be zero- So we change b just a bit and do the whole thing again and again until the difference is zero or very near zero. But that*s a lot of work! You bet, but it's not for a computer.

The program shown here carries out the above procedure starting b at ,05 and incrementing it by ,05 units after each calculation and comparison until the difference between tpi times length and turns changes sign, that is, crosses zero. Then it decrements b by -001 units and continues in the same fashion until the sign changes again, whereupon it stops and displays the number of turns. Hie result is, for all practical purposes, excellent. One must initiate ihe program by putting the various param- eters in the memory registers, all ten of which are used with my SR-56,

As an added feature, 1

thought it would be interesting to know how many times the subroutine

1S2

was called upon to carry out the searching calculation. In one problem that I devfsed, over 700 passes were under- taken. This bit of information is stored in register zero.

So how do you run it? Select your variable capacitor and, for example^ its center position capacitance. Store this value in pF in file 2, Store the frequency in kilohertz in file 1, the number of turns/inch or less, from the close wound value in the wire tables, in file 3, and

the radius you've selected in file 4. You can't have more turns/inch than the close- wound value. Square the radius and store in file 7. Finally square pi and multiply by 4 and store in file 9, Now youVe ready. Punch R/S. The calculator wilt display the inductance in microhenrys needed to resonate with pF at the specified frequency in an instant. Punch R/S again, and the calculator will continue computing until it stops and

displays the number of turns you need to wind at your selected tpi and radius. Any of the memory registers can now be recalled. The computed length can be recalled from file 6. This length times tpi should be very close to the computed turns. Punch reset, and the program is ready to begin again.

Ah, you say, I can get the same stuff from the ARRL Lightning Calculator, True, but you can't get any infor-

Memory Rdgisters

0

Subr Calls

1

kHz

2

pF

3

tpi

4

radius

i

uH

6

length

7

(radius) 2

8

turns

9

4 Pi2

Fig. 2

mation on an inductor 3 feet or 0 J inch in diameter, and it doesn't have all those flashing lights. ■

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IhiuUlEiii . . ^%B5 Eg. ppil.

SiTiifuM Cofjipcff'Wdd cut tct kn|;lh

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Cwwl to ttic r LYING t^UdCY- M^ setic inetHir drtif A?d ip mc ^-om mfeba

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on BLACK ONLY^ CHOICE 1. 2, or 3 LINES ENGRA^rEO

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E24

Ctegg u>on'f sell you a radio in a factory sealed carton!

When you purchase your YAESU. WILSON, KLM, DENTRON. HY-GAIN, ATLAS or other selected product from Clegg. please don't expect to receive it in a factory sealed carton. When we deliver any of these fine pieces of equipment to you, we want to be certain it meets or exceeds all the manufacturers specs. First of ail. we want to warrant that it does: secondly — you're entitled to that extra assurance^ We thoroughly test each unit before we ship it. And we furnish you with test data

If getting a super discount on your new radio is important to you^ — or if you insist on a factory seated carton, we suggest you shop elsewhere. But — if you want the positive assurance that you are receiving the value and performance you*re entitled to— then we are the guys lo talk to.

For complete details and prices on any Clegg^approved product, telephone Toll Free 1-(800}-233-0250 (In Pennsylvania call Collect {717)-299-7221), Or drop a card to Clegg Communica- tions Corp., 191 1 Old Homestead Lane, Greenfield Industrial Park East, Lancaster. PA 17601

^r EtarlafllflrBi

B*rVlC83

C3

183

Build the Sapo Tester

-- for hams with spare time

1 00

STAhCOR iSEE TEtT(

C

'^^ I /r\*^^p

'^ * ^ * HJtKMJOi

i *r, ■ —* -A

"i

-Ww-

:3V -^[l!-^^ " TEST iEJ^D

75 Magazine Staff

^ lO^F/ sv

■^ TEST LEAD

i-1

tJii

K

iSTEflNiAl

:•)

"^^^"

&OPt

X

c^s

- TCST LC*D

INTERMAL

1.

('!•-

iB)

-* TEST LE*D

Fig. h Basic circuit of tester (a) and switching add-on for more versatility fb). See text for description of compotients not marked.

The little test instrument described in this article is something for the amateur who has nothing and some- thing for the amateur who has everything. In the former case, it provides, very in- expensively, an instrument that can function as a con- tinuity tester, transistor test- er, diode tester, signal injec- tion source, code practice oscillator, CW monitor, sub- stitution microphone, and substitution loudspeaker. In the latter case, it provides a very handy addition to a tool box, for quick continuity and relative resistance checks, without having to look al a meter.

The instrument is nothing

more than an audio oscillator using a one transistor circuit But the components are care- fully chosen, A switching scheme is utilized so that a low current is passed through the circuit under test. The volume and/or pitch varies with the resistance placed across its test terminals, and maximum utilization is made of the circuit and its com- ponents for several modes of operation. Such basic testers, but without all the versatility of the one described, have been available commercially for years. They are popular with many service techni- cians, since one can visually concentrate on the circuit being tested or traced out without having to glance away to read a meter. This feature is particularly helpful when doing work on a de- tailed PC board, since one can lose one's place on the board in the time it takes to glance al a meter.

The circuit of the unit is shown in Fig, 1(a). The oscil- lator circuit utilizes a transis- tor transformer, which has one or (wo center- tapped windings to form the equiv- alent of a transformer with three windings. One winding Is used in the base circuit of the transistor, another as a feedback winding in the col- lector circuit, and another as an out put-coupling winding Many of the usual miniature transistor transformers will work, aside from the TA-59 unit mentioned, such as the usual 10k Ohm to 2k Ohm CT or Ik Ohm CT to 8 Ohm units. One must be prepared to do a bit of experimenting to get the windings phased correctly and to get the out- put pitch desired. To achieve the latter with some trans- formers, it may be necessary to experiment with a small capacitor (*001 to .1 mF) across the base winding. The output "loudspeaker" should ideally be a unit such as a 600 Ohm telephone receiver. Bui anything, from high imped- ance, miniature loudspeakers to cheap, dynamic-type

184

microphones, can be used. Power is supplied by two IVi volt batteries in series. No on /off switch is required, since no current can flow untess some resistance is placed across the test ter- minais-

The unit, as shown in Fifr 1(a), can be used by itself, if desired. If the test leads are marked for polarity, one can test diodes and transistors and determine the direction of the [unction involved. Resistance values^ from a short to about 100k Ohms, can be detected with the upper limit, depending on the specific oscillator compo- nents used. As the resistance value increases, the volume will decrease, but the pitch will tend to rise. This is a very handy feature^ since, after a period of usage, one is not so aware of the volume changes as one is aware of associating higher pilch with higher re- sistance. With usage, one can become familiar with the sound of at least the major

steps in the output pitch, such as for resistance values of 1 k and 50k.

By adding a few more components to the basic circuit, as shown in Fig. 1 (b), more versatility can be gained from the unit The addition of a series 50k potentiometer allows one to control the volume and also to limit the short circuit output current to less than 60 uA. The latter is useful as a safety feature, when testing some semi- conductor devices, when one is unsure of the terminal markings. In the center posi- tion of the switch shown, the battery line is left floating, and the positive test lead is connected to the speaker over a .05 mF capacitor. The speaker can then function as a replacement test speaker or as a dynamic microphor>e replacement. The reproduc- tion quality is good enough to at least determine whether or not the speaker or micro- phone substituted for is basi- cally defective. In the right*

hand position of the switch, the battery circuit is complet- ed to ground, and the internal speaker output remains connected to the positive test lead. In this mode, the circuit functions as an injection oscillator, the level of which can be controlled by the 50k potentiometer and monitored on the internal speaker. The output is quite harmonically rich, and it can be used to check amplifiers all the way from the audio range to the HF range.

The switch used in the unit I constructed was a special miniature DPDT toggle switch with a center position. But, in the center position, instead of the usual *'off" position, the poles still remain connected to opposite side terminals of the switch. The switch is available for $1 from Tri-Tek, 6522 North 43rd Ave-j Glendale AZ 85301- The switch can, of ccftjrse, be replaced by a reg- ular 2P3T rotary switch, but, then, this requires a larger

enclosure. Using the minia- ture toggle, and with the basic circuit wired on perf- board, the unit was assembled in a 3-1/4 X 20/8 x 1-5/8 Bakelite box, complete with batteries.

Probably some more uses can be found for the circuit, with a bit of imagination and a modified switching scheme. For instance, it would seem possible to rearrange things so that the circuit could also function as either a pream- plifier or a low level audio amplifier complete with speaker. All in all, it is hard to find a more handy unit for general circuit or equipment checking, before one resorts to proper instruments for specific checks*

The name of the instru> ment comes from the sound the unit makes. When you test for continuity and en- counter a very iow resistance, the unit sounds off with a hoarse tone^ sounding some- what like that produced by El Sapo — the frog, ■

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185

into the device data books and getting some help from a friend, the following circuit was developed which will program either the 8223 or the 82S23.

Finally! A Simple PROM Burner!

-- for the 8223 and 82S23

Wmiam J. Hosking W7JSW 8626 H. Clarendori Scoxtsdale AZ S5251

AS a result of my various articles using TTL programmable read only memories^ 1 have received many letters and phone calls for help from people who cannot get devices they have purchased to accept a program. In almost all cases 1 discovered that they had been

sent S2S23s, assuming that 82S23s were the same as 8223s. While the devices do the same job with the same pin connections, they are quite different when it comes to programming. The 82S23 will not program with the same inputs as an 8223* After doing some research

Si

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<25y-a223 IOOV-e2S£3

PO«CA SMPPt^T

TWO

Fig. U PROM programmer schematic diagram. Power supplies one and two can be bench supplies or built up speciaily for this use. Regulation is not critical

Circuit

The circuit is shown in Fig, 1 . To those of you who have either read my earlier articles or used the Signetics data book> the circuit should appear quite familiar except for the additional power supply input and the FET-zener circuitry.

It turns out that the 82S23 requires 19 volts current regulated lo about 65 milliamps in order to program right. The circuit shown in Fig- 2 wilt perform that quite nicely. The only limitation is in the selection of )FETs. The jFET must have an IDSS of greater than 65 mA- Or course the 19 volt zener must be able to handle the ftill 65 mA, which means that it should be rated at least 5 Watts,

The remainder of the circuit in Fig. 1 is fairly straightforward. For SI and S2, I used switches which word address in octal. These could be replaced with cheap toggle switches, but the saving in time and effort is well worth the slight extra cost of the BCD coded thumbwheel switches. S3 selects the output bit to be programmed or verified. S4 is a push-button switch used to do the programming once a word and bit are selected, and

55 is used to verify that the bit was actually programmed.

56 was added to switch the programmer from the 8223 devices to the 82S23 devices.

57 simply puts a 12 volt zener across the 19 volt zener for current calibration purposes. The 21 to 19 volt supply is the same as shown in detail in Fig. 2 except for the addition of a meter for current calibration. For the best stability; the zener and FET should be mounted on heat sinks. One last circuit

thumbwheel select the

186

comment: If additional contacts were available on

push-button switch S4, I would break the line from S6 to S5 and put it through the extra contacts.

Programming

If programming an 8223, set S6 to 8223 position and adjust power supply one for 12.5 volts. Power supply two need not be on.

If programming an 82S23, set S6 to S2S23. Adjust power supply one to 10.0

volts and power supply two to 21 volts- Now momentarily depress S7 and adjust Ra for a current of 65 ±3 mA. Turn power supply one off^ insert device to be programmed, and set SI, S2 to desired octal address- At each address select, one by one, the bits to be programmed with S3, Then momentarily push S4. Now, pushing S5 to the verify position 'Should cause the LED to light if the program- ming wasvSUccessfuL When all desired bits of one word have

been programmed, switch SI ,

S2 to the next address and repeat the operation.

Conclusion

I have two words of warning for programming either type of device. Monitor the device case temperature with your finger. Any time you can*t keep your finger on the device it is time to stop for a few moments to let the device coo! down. The other warning is that, once programmed, a TTL PROM is

1DSS>65«*

21V PS

^^ I ^

Fig. 2. Constant current supply and current regulator schematic,

forever programmed whether right or wrong, so it takes time and car& lo do the job right without destroying a device. I hope this article wilt help those of you who have had problems or been frus- trated by these devices. ■

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187

Sherman P. Wantz K4GRT 424 NW LakEview Dnv9

Sebrmg FL 33870

Try

Topical CQ

-- for special interest groups

When I became inter- ested in personal computers^ 1 developed an intense desire to talk to some* one — anyone — who shared my enthusiasm for this new and fascinating hobby.

Don't let the term * 'com- puter" turn you off. This article is about amateur radio, not about computers. Bear with me for a few moments, and you'll see. 1 mentioned my interest in discussing com- puters as a prelude to dis- closing a practical solution to the problem of locating some- one who shares your interestSi whatever they may be.

Since my home town is comfortably small, I wasn't too surprised to discover that I was the only one here who was active in tinkering with a personal computer system. Therefore^ when I had ques- tions about computer hard- ware or computer program*

ming {and believe me, I had many), I became frustrated. I had no one to whom 1 could turn for enlightenment

One day, as I was sitting at my bench busify creating an ulcer because I couldn't understand the instructions that some engineer had pre- pared to help me, I chanced to glance over at my rig. It had been neglected, shame- fully, since I had become interested in computers.

Suddenly the thought struck me ^ surely, someone out there in the ham radio community knows how to interpret this jargon that I've been trying, unsuccessfully, to understand. As I turned on the rig and began tuning it up on 20 meters, t g^ve no con- scious thougtit to the means I 'd use to reach someone who might answer my questions.

*'CQ computers, CQ com- puters/* I called into the mike. "Calling anyone who

can help me interpret some microcomputer buzzwords." The plea came out as natural- ly as if I had used the special topic CQ all of my (consider- able) amateur radio life,

\ wish I could report that an electronics and computer programming expert who had built and operated the exact make and model of my com- puter had responded. No such luck. But I did get calls from several fellows who were able to clarify the instructions that I had been misinterpret- ing.

In fact, three QSOs, which lasted several hours, resulted from that topical CQ, I had an opportunity to discuss and learn a great deal about hobby computers that day.

It's a gross understatement to report that 1 enioyed that experience immensely.

The frustration that drove me to call "CQ computers" may have had a significance

for the enjoyment of amateur radio that I never before con- sidered.

What's wrong with calling a topical CQ? Why not call "CQ color photography/* "CQ Windom antennas," **CQ linears/' *'CQ bass fishing/' or '*CQ recreational vehi- cles"?

I realize that such CQs sound strange. But perhaps that^s just because we haven't heard topical CQs before.

We are ail familiar with "CQ DX/' "CQ New York for a phone patch/' *'CQ con- test," **CQ for a test," and "CQ for a short QSO," Those calls certainly don't sound strange anymore.

The beauty of the topical CQ lies in its promise of bringing together two (or more) hams for the sole pur- pose of discussing an announced topic in which both (all) are interested.

The rag chews that used to take place on 75 phone just after World War II were fascinating, in part, because they involved discussions of transmitter, receiver, test equipment, and antenna pro- jects that were in various stages of construction. Most ham gear was of the home brew variety, and almost everyone was engaged in a building project he wanted to discuss. That commonality of interest was what contributed most to the satisfaction one gained from a QSO, If you doubt it, ask a ham who owns a two-letter callsign how often he stayed up until three or four in the morning chewing over construction proJK;tshe enjoyed discussing with others.

It's the search for that elusive common interest topic that occupies most of our time at church socials, PTA meetings, cocktail parties, bus stops, or most other gather- ings. What we refer to as "small talk" is really this exploratory probing for a subject that interests us. Often, we start with the weather. Then we switch to the old home town, mutual friends, television, children,

188

traffic problems, disasters,

politics, etc, to keep the con- versation going while we continue our search for a common interest.

Then, without warning, we pick up a chance remark that leads to the exciting moment when we discover that some- one else shares our interest in something. From that moment on, our conversation comes alive, as we share our views and experiences with someone who seems to hang on our every word. A topic of mutual interest has been dis- covered. The evening is a success; a new friend has been found.

A similar phenomenon occurs repeatedly on the amateur radio bands. In fact, many hams resign themselves to the expectation of a casual conversation- You hear them cail '^CO for a short QSO/' meaning: *' Let's get together to exchange handles, signal reports, QTHs, weather re- ports^ and descriptions of our rigs/

Fortunately, on occasion the "short QSC can stretch into hours, if some remark made discloses that both hams have a common interest in some topic.

Back to the topical CQ.

As f see it, calling a CQ that announces your interest in discussing a specific topic comes close to Insuring that you and one or more other hams are likely to have an enjoyable QSO, QRM permit- ting. There's no guarantee of a stimulating exchange, of course, because the expertise of all participants as well as the level of interest in the topic by participants play a significant part. But the topical call certainly holds far more promise of satisfaction than does the general CQ with which we are all familiar,

As an added incentive to use the topical CQ, think of the prospect of some ham having a rare DX call respond- ing to your call because he is tired of hit-and-run QSOs and

is anxious to discuss your favorite subject with you. It could happen.

There is no good reason why the topical CQ couldn't be extended to seeking help with some project in which youVe become involved. My initial call was a plea for help in understanding computer terms, despite the fact that I was thinking of the call at the time as merely an attempt to discuss computers. There is no doubt in my mind now that I was looking for some- one who might add to my limited fund of knowledge, i.e., someone to help me.

Over the years, I have listened in on QSOs during which hams have instructed one another on how to tune an antenna, adjust a discrim- inator circuit, rebuild a VW carburetor, remove the flywheel from a lawn mower engine, prime a water pump, repair a sailboat center board, and locate a locksmith on a Sunday afternoon. I have even heard a physician offer-

ing medical advice to one of his longtime net buddies, but that's carrying too far the help requests Tm advocating here.

Hams, generally speaking, are people who are unusually alert and have wide diversi- ties of interests and talents. Few will deny that hams are responsive to one another's calls for assistance. Each of us has knowledge and ex* perience that we are willing to share, if onl y we are made aware of the need*

A topical CQ can announce that need for assistance or can merely signal a desire to contact someone for the purpose of exchanging views about a sub- ject that is of special interest to the person initiating the calL

So, how about it? If you want to talk about my current special interest, per* sonal computers^ I'll be listening on 20 meters for your topical '*CQ computers" call. ■

George Younq WB6JYK Sierra Hiqh Schooi ToUhouse CA 93667

Call Letter

High school wood shop instructors are always IiKiking for simple, educa- tional^ inexpensive projects

for those students who need to be kept busy until such time that they come up with their own projects.

Keep in mind that this project must have educational value for the instructor to justify putting a student on it, and the process of educa- tion is a slow one. You will actually be doing the instruc- tor a favor with your request, since he is always looking for just this kind of project. Shown is a piece of cedar, stained first, then routed in about 20 minutes by one of

adds class to any shack

my students while he was waiting for his own proiect to dry before applying the next coat of sanding sealer. Tm sure WB6TJV will be pleased with the results. ■

RECIPE

Take ac€onipanytng photo to local high school wood shop instryctor.

Supply him with your call fetten. Furnish $1.00 to Si. 50 in U.S. funds.

Wait suitable time for educational process-

Completed call sign will be re- turned so VQ'U ^^^ hang it out front of the shack.

j^

189

for ttie most part gotteri Into HFing.

Tht move by tKe ARRL to force deal&rs to sel^ ham gear only to hams bv ref using to let them advertise in QST if they don't promise to be good is about what I would expect from the ARRL. There is something about the b u r e a y C r at ic tefn per am ent whtch seems to alw^s think in isrms of punishment as a wray to force people to do their biddirig rather than y^ng rewards for behavior mod. Their forcing the FCC into 'Incentive licensing" was typical . . . forcing hams to get a higher license by taking away bands unless ihey did. The bureaucratic system of making ever more laws to force people to do what the bureaucrat think is right has noc iieen fH>tice3biy successful.

A handfut of ham dealers have been making a killing for several years by selling ham rigs to CB dealers for resaie to H Fei^ All they have to do is change a wire or two, add a couple of crystals, tune it up, and move it along for a very nice profit* The dealers, such as Tufts Electronics, which refuse to sell ham Hgs to CB dealers or directly to C&ers, are at a disadn/an- tage. This loss of safe* volume can n>ean higlier prices for same equip- mefit and slower delivery.

Traffic in ham rigs to HFer^ will stow down when it becomes unprofit- able for the ham dealer to indulge in ft. There are ham dealers out there who will sell to anyone waving money and even sue the manufacturers if they refuse to ship to them for this trsde. While the entire industry looks with disgust on these "sewers," they still have to do bus mess with them or e\se spend a lot of money on lawyers, with the courts eventually backing up the sewers.

Other than making ham gear in short supply for hams, what problems are HFars causing us? Oddly enough, not aft that many. The added volume of sales they represent helps keep ham rig prices down and encourages the development of new equipment. The amplifiers the HFers buy are generally the higher-powered ham amplifiers and thus are relatively free from spurious emissions. Even the FCC admits that the HFsrs aren't seriously bothering any other service. Perhaps this explains why, though the FCC people at HO in Washir)gton are bent out of shape over HF operation, little is being done tn the field to disccsurage rt ... even wfien ham groups get together and supply detailed informa- tion about HFer names, locations^ equipment, etc.

Wiil an edict from the ARRL/QSf change the ways of business when the FCC doesn't seem to really care and when the people involved are not

causing any sa^ious damage? It seems

unlikety to me that this is anything

more than a grandstand play. We'll

see.'

Ham dealers who sell gear to C Bars

are quite aware of what they are doing. Chuck Martin WA1KPS of Tufts .Electronics comments on the ARRL demand that customers show a ham license to buy a rig, "Are you kidding? We can tell a CBer the minute he walks ir>to the store. We don^ waste time asking for ham licenses . , . it's too easy for anyone to bomjw one for a purchase. One or two questions and we know who is a ham and who Isn't- We sell ham rigs only to hams,"

The FCC is terribly upset over the TV I and other interference complatnts caused by the many illegal power implifiers being sold to add on to the 4 Watt AM rigs. S nee the FCC put the ethical manufacturers out of the busi- ness, they've opened the floodgates for the unethical manufacturers . . . who have no reason at all to worry about spurious responses. The result has been hundreds of thousands of incredibly dirty power amplifiers being sold and a resulting tremendous increase in interference.

The manufacturers of fe^pal ham amplrfien have been trying to pomt out to the FCC that a further restric- tion on making clean amplifiers will obviously result in the production and sa^e of dirty amplifiers. Laws further prohibiting amplifiers will result In exactly the opposite desired end. There has been no sign of anyone listening at the FCC- I do think that further prohibitions of linear ampli- fiers would be ^KHJt the worst thinf the FCC could do. They'll probably do it

COMPUTERIZED QSLS?

The RTTY chaps have been sending their QSLs by radio for many years; however, 1 doubt if these confirma^ tions are considered adequate by the organizations issuing cerEltk:at^^

With more and more microcom- puters in the hands of hobbyists, rt is probably jMSt a matter of days before a system will be devised to allow the access of one computer by another via the telephone system for either leaving a message or picking one Up. Indeed, Td like to publish the details on the interface boards for acqom plishing this* complete with details of the standards and protocols developed to accomplish a confirmed automatic message transfer.

With the phone rates ^ing as low as 19^ per minute at some hours, this offers a reasonable and fast system as an alternate to the U.S. mails. Even the daytime 40d per minute charges aren't bad for a priority message^ delivered within a minyte or so in-

stead of having to wait until night.

In the past, some organizations have been very sticky abou( accepting QSL cards which have neither a can- celed postage stamp on them nor the stamp of a OSL bureau. I can under stand the situation, for one of the early aspirants for am of the 73 Magazine operating awards sent in some OSL cards which looked per- fectly okay, but were fikes. They lacked the QSL bureau ^mp or postage to indicate mailing. For tunateiy, the fakes included cards from some rare DX stations which I had worked, and 1 quickly recognized the bogus cards submitted. Tsk»

As more operators use microcom- puters, we may be able to have cs^ette tapes of the logs submitted by DX stations and do away with QSL cards, tn the meanwhile, put on your thinking cap and see if you can come yp with an interim solution.

The high (and going higher) postage plus slow (and getting slower) de- liveries of our postal system are going to help encourage the use of com- pute r- to computer mess ages. The Postal Service has its own problems, and it is going to be a long time before they will be permitted to tackle most of the more serious ones ,,, so there is no iminediate hope of lovwr postage or much better service.

One of the big miseri^ of the Postal Service is the political con straints. There are over 12,000 post offices in smalt towns which could be closed, saving over $100 million annually. These are kept open as a n-iatter of town prestige, not of func- tion. Another big lump could be saved if more rural mail could be delrvered to clumps of post boxes instead of free delivery to each customer 3t his home. When I was young, our post box was almost a half mile away, and I didn't think anything of walking down to it . , . at least not on warm days. Of course, our farm was out a ways ... we didn't even have eiec- trfcity (It still doesn't) ... or running water (still doesn't).

When the Postal Service is per- mitted to be run more like a business and less like an arm of the govern- ment, i think well get better and cheaper ser^rice. In the meanwhile, the pressure for faster and cheaper service may quickly force the development of computer communications. As pioneers in communications, perhaps hams will be in there with the fivst systems and help develop the stan- dards which will stick with us.

CATCH 22 FDR HAMS

Early es^pe rim enters with RTTY found that they were severely limited in their possibilities by the FCC Even though the amateur service is char- tered by the FCC rules to provide inventions and piorieering, the FCC has constantly gone counter to their regulations by prohibiting any ex fieri - mentation which would produce signals which the FCC monitors could not copy. So how are hams going to invent something new if anything new is prohibited? Catch 22.

One of the questions I've asked at FCC formal and informal hearings is

why . , . why . , , the FCC monitors have to be atile to copy ham trans- missions using new techniques? H what is being transmitted is so diffi^ cult to copy that even the FCC monitoring stations cant hack it. what do they care about what is being transmitted?

Perhaps there was, long ago, the fear that hams would go berserk and send naughty words over the air if they thought the FCC monttors couldn't copy them. Well, Vve a secret . . . this is probably one of itte first things hams will do. So what? That gets boring very quickly and the pioneers will be on to more interesting matters. There hasn't been any proof that words will do much long-range damage, so let the child in the ham come out and get over the excitement of being able to secretly pass naughty words. Big deal. The important U^rr^ IS for ham eKperimemers to have the freedom to try new ideas, new types of communications, new techniques. And they should be able to give these thin^ a try without a seven-year wait from the FCC for permission.

The current FCC ban on amateurs using ASCII is, unfortunately, welt precedented by earlier refusals ID allow amateurs to do other just as innocuous things. Here we are being held back for years, while the FCC blunders through its molasses-slow procedures to permit what should have been automatically permitted at first request.

FCC HEADACHES

The FCC Amateur Division made the papers recently over tfw call letter business where one of the FCC employees w^ accepting cash in return for choice calls, I wish I'd heard before it got stopped.

For years Tve been interested in getting W1 NSD, but the FCC has put me off, saying they couldn't do it The call has been open for about 2S years. At one time, I even put in a petition to make it possible to get counterpart calls such as this. The League liked the idea, too, and they also put in a petition asking for the same thing. Thrae petitions, after yellowing for about eJght years in the FCC files, were recently thrown out, with no reasonable explanation.

It was my own fault. I could have gotten the call if I had not goofed off. When t moved down south, I was able to get W4IMS0* Later, whet 1 moved to Ohio, I iotWBr^SD. That was back in the '40s and 'SOs, As a matter of fact, in the Sweepstakes contest of 1951, If you have an old issue of QST around, you'll find that 1 operated the first weekend of the contest as W2NSD/3 (and did quite wellL The second weekend of the contest I ran as WBMS0y2 (my new call had arrived just as I was going to New Yoric for a few days).

By 1962, when I moved to New Hampshire, the FCC had stopped giving counterpart calls. There was no rule change; they just decided not to do it any more . - . too rnuch trouble. Having lived in New Hampshire off

Commued on page 199

190

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Searching Receiver

Touch SP, then enter the starting

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Priority Receiver

Touch 2.. then sit back. Any call coming in over the frequency you choose for channel one will automatically override calls on other channels. Youll never miss a call on your favorite frequency.

Search or Scan

Touch SS to Search the unknown. Touch SC to scan the known. You can either search through all bands for unknown frequencies, or listen to the stored frequencies you've selected for the sixteen scanning channels, There's so much versatility, and it's all at the tip of your finger.

Model ACT'T-i6K Frequency Range:

Lo VHF .. 30-50 MHz

HiVHF .. 146-1 74MHz

UHF , . 440-51 2MHz

Sensftfwty

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LoVHF 0,5 m V

HiVHF 0.6 m V

UHF 0,7 M V

Selectivity

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Hi VHF . . 0.5 t^ V

UHF . . 0-6 M V

Search Scan Range: (max) Lo VHF 4000 channels Hi VHF 5600 channels UHF 5760 channels

Scanning Receiver

Touch PR, then enter the frequency you want as you watch it appear on the LE.D. display. Next, touch the channel number you wish to use. Then touch SC, the scanning lights will begin the search for action.

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Adjustable Bench Supply

-- would you believe 1.2-37 volts?

HOW about constructing an adjustable voltage power supply that can have up to 1,5 Amperes output with good load voltage regula- tion and full overload prolec* tion at minimal cost? Ad- mittedly, a $5.00 estimate depends a lot on what parts are available from one's junk box, but for [List a few dollars spent on a new I Q one can have the "heart" of a very versatile power supply.

The new IC is the LM31 7 by National Semiconductor. This IC promises to be as famous as the LM309^ which is so universally used in power supplies for digital circuitry.

The new LM3T7 is an adjustable, three-terminal positive voltage regulator. Its simple external connections rather belie the complexity and performance features of the unit. As shown in Fig. 1, it has only simple in/out con- nections and a minimum of three simple external compo-

nents are required. The out- put voltage is set by the ratio of two resistors, R1 and R2. By making R2 variable, one can adjust the output voltage to be any value from a few volts less than the dc input voltage to the regulator down to a minimum of about 1,2 volts output. Thus, if the input dc voltage were 40 volts, the output voltage can be continuously varied from about 37 volts down to 1.2 volts*

Although the output volt* age is determined only by a resistor setting, the output voltage is regulated at any given setting. The regulation will be about 0.1% going from no load to full load (1 .5 Amperes, assuming the trans- former/rectifier used for the dc input voltage handles this current). The LM317 is also overload and thermally pro- tected. If the current limit is exceeded, such as by a short circuit, the LM317 will

¥ m^DC

fff

Lii9(r

CI

ADJUST

I

V Ol/T. R£lrilLJTri}

(20

1 i I I iT7

R2

^, AOJgST

TO-S

CASE 15 TERMINAL 1

Fig, J. Bask adjustable voltage regulator circuit using an LM3J Z Normally only three external components are neededf but C2 and C3 may be useful In certain situations as explained in the te\L

simply "shut down. If the regulator gets too hot, either because of excessive load current and/or inadequate heat dissipation, it will also protect itself* Although one can destroy the LM317 like any other ICJt is pretty hard to do with any sort of reason- able care.

The manufacturer suggests two additionaf capacitors {C2

and C3) be used, which may prove useful in some applications. C2 is used to bypass the adjustment ter- minal to ground to improve ripple rejection- This bypass prevents ripple from being amplified as the output volt- age is increased. About 60 dB ripple rejection is achieved

without this capacitor, but it can be improved to about 80 dB by adding it. A 10 mF or greater unit can be used, but values over 10 mF do not offer any significant advan- tage in further ripple im- provement* The manufacturer particularly recommends the use of a solid tantalum capac- itor type since they have low impedance even at high fre- quencies. An alternative is the use of the more readily avail- able and inexpensive aluminum electrolytic, but it takes about 25 mF of the latter type to equal 1 mF of the tantalum type for good high frequency bypassing! C3 is added to prevent instability when the output load presents a load capacitance of between 500 and 5000 pF. By using a 1 mF bypass at the output (solid tantalum again or aluminum electrolytic equivalent), any load capaci* tance in the 500 to 5000 pF range is swamped and sta- bility is ensured. Both C2 and C3 will not be required for many applications where the LM317 is being used with a specific load circuit. But if the LM317 is used as the heart of a general purpose bench type power supply, they should be included.

Fig. 2 shows a PC board layout and component place- ment diagram. This layout has been suggested by the manufacturer, but there is no need to follow it exactly as

COMPONENT SIDE

VooT

o-

RIGUtATfO

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE

1.2 to 37V

^

C2

-O

O "^V^"^— o

Ca

-^o

11

T

V|N

C^

Fig, 2. This is a PC board layout for the regulator suggested by the manufacturer, R2 is shown as a multi-turn pot for ease of adjustment The figure also shows the pin connections for an LM3J 7 if it is obtained in the TO-220 plastic case.

t92

long as all of the external components are grouped around Ihe regulator with solid short leads. The diagram shows the LM317 in a TO-220 plastic case which is designated the LM317T. Most amateurs will probably prefer to buy the LM317 in the familiar TO-3 metal case and, in this case^ it is the LM317K. But, when using the unit, note an important difference as compared to the old LM309K. The case on the LM309K was ground so one could simply bolt the thing down on a chassis for heat sinking. The case on the LM317K is the output ter- minal, so it must be properly insulated from a chassis.

Various power supply ideas and considerations can suggest themselves for the LM317. For instance, R2, instead of being a variable resistor, can be replaced by switchable fixed resistors to obtain some of the com- monly used supply voltages such as 6j 9, 1 2, 1 5 volts, etc.

This idea, plus a conlinuously variable output voltagp posf* tion, is featured in the practi- cal realization of a power supply using the LM317 as shown in Fig. 3. This supply will deliver fixed output volt- ages of 5, 9, 1 2, and 1 5 volts (depending upon how the trim potentiometers are set), plus a continuously variable output of 1,2 to about 24 volts. All outputs can deliver at least 1,5 Amperes with the components specified. The supply is simple to build in any size metal enclosure suit- able for the components used. The only precautions to observe are to firmly heat sink the LM317 to one side of the metal enclosure and to keep the 0:1 mF capacitor going from pin 3 to ground, the 10 mF capacitor going from pin 1 to ground, and the 1 20 Ohm resistor going between pins 2 and 1, all connected directly at the LM317 terminals. The other components may be mounted wherever it it convenient to

SECOMJUIY .12 ni4C* WOLTJ tt5*>

@ OUTPUT

Fig. 3. A complete power supply using the LM317. The switch simply selects different 5fi Ohm pots which are set for 6, 9, 12} /5, and a variable voltage output The latter 5k pot is front panel mounted^ The function of the LED is described in the text

do so.

The zener diode/resistor/ LED combination ai the output of the supply serves as a crude but useful voltage output indicator without having to build a regular volt- meter in the supply. The LED |ust starts to glow when the output voltage is about 9-10 volts (depending on the toler- ances of the components

used). The Ik resistor is

adjusted so the LED just glows fully when the maxi- mum output voltage fs reached. So by using the fixed output voltage positions (which are adjusted using a good VOM) and watching the LED, one can obtain a fairly good estimate of what the variable output voltage is set for, «

Test Instrument Saver

--an old phone is required

Harry J. Miller 991 42nd Su Sarasota FL 53580

Delicate^ costly test instruments may suffer severe damage when their conventional, too long leads snag on tools or on compo- nents spread out on the work- bench and are inadvertently yanked off it to the floor.

A partial cure for this hazard is to replace the long leads with the much shorter coiled leads commonly used

on cameras and flash units.

The coiled leads can be stretched out to where

needed. When let go they retract out of harm's way. Should they lose their recoil power, rewinding the coils in the opposite direction helps restore their springiness.

Since each lead has two wires, their extra continuity gives them longer life. ■

193

Presenting the ROBOT 1978

SSTV FACT PACK

PART 1

ROBOT MODEL 400

DATA SHEET

Complete Listing of all the fea- tures and specifications on the new Robot 400 SSTV Converter.

FART 2

OUR NEW EIGHT

PAGE BROCHURE

This booklet telb you every- thing you want to know about SSTV. How it works, the fre- quencies allocated to SSTV^ how much it costs, how to involve your family, how to install and operate SSTV on your present station.

PART 3

PART 4

THE 10.000 WORD SSTV STORY

Featuring reprints of ham maga- zine SSTV articles thiit you may have missed.

TUNE TO 14.230 MHz AND SEE ALL THE SSTV ACTION

There is almost continuous SSTV activity on 14.230. A good way to get the inside story on SSTV is by monitoring this frequency.

PART S

ORDER YOUR ROBOT MODEL 400 SSTV CONVERTER

With the Robot 400 you just plug it into your trans- ceiver, connect a TV monitor or your home set with the optional Robot RF adapter kit, tune to 14,230, and you're operating SSTV. $ 695

r I I I I I I I I

L

Gendcmen:

Please send me the following:

. Free 1978 SSTV Faa Pack

Model 400 SSTV Converter

NAME

CALL

ADDRESS CITY .

STATE

I ROBOT]

ROBOT RESEARCH, INC.

75d1 Convoy Court

San Diego, CA 921 11

PH (714J 279 9430

ZIP

1

R9

in Gcrmdoy contact; Richter& Co,, Aicraimnstra^L, 17-19, HannoYer.

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I I

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194

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195

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Photoelectric

Bench Accessory

-- when you need an extra "eye"

Combine the leftover power supply from an experiment that failed with some twelve for a dollar CdS photocells purchased from S*D. Sales, Mix well with a lull in regular ham activities and the result is an interesting unit with many uses.

The diagram in Fig, 1 shows the basic unit The photocell is in series with a poL There is a voltage applied

across this series combination to ground. The op amp is used as nothing more than a high impedance driver for the one mil meter used as an indicator of relative light flux impinging on the celL The word "relative" is important to notei as the meter is not calibrated in any special units* Its reading is com- parative only and its function is to tell you that li^t has

either increased or decreased at any specific momenL The pot is used to control sen- sitivity. The hi^er the resistance, the greater the sensitivity of the unit. The photocell is mounted on two back to back lids from 35 mm film containers of the plastic variety. One film can makes up the body of the probe. This has a hole cut in the side to allow the cell leads to cxiL Exiting the leads from the side rather than through the bottom allows the probe to be firmly

positioned relative to a fight source. A second container has its bottom cut off and is used for a stray light shield around the celL These details are apparent in the photo- graph.

Notice that there are two outputs: One is dc coupled throu^ an isolating resistor and the other is ac coupled through a 33 uF capacitor.

With the values indicated, here is an idea of sensitivity for general use. An LED energized from an audio oscillator and held next to the cell will give about Vi volt of audio at the exciting fre- quency when the unit is at maximum sensitivity. This makes a handy bench coupler into your counter* A sixty Watt bulb in a white glass shade will pin the meter from a distance of about nine feet as will an ordinary two ceil flashlight-

If you play around with QRP rf levels and are addicted to using pilot lamps as power indicators for tuhe- up, this unit will allow you to convert the light into a meter reading that seems much more sensitive to slight changes than the eye* When ypu are fighting for each milliwatt, this is very helpful.

The unit puts out a nice dc pulse with a flash of light hitting the cell. Thus the dc output can be used for triggering an SCR or used to bias the base of a transistor used as a switch or some form

IK

-^f

3 3|iF

>OSTS

tit

i

0-1 u 4

1 K POT

4t

I: noAc

V4C

I"*

-v^ —

I

m

Fig. L All resistors }i W,

196

of dc ampfifier for control purposes.

If you wish to raise the overall sensitivity of the unit, merely increase the value of the pot to 5k or 10k. This will greatly raise the sen- sitivity but may create stray light problems. For general use, the indicated values work very well.

There is nothing magic about the voltages shown for the op amp; I used an existing supply, but six volts or so would work as well.

Note that there is no need to use shielded cable for the cell leads.

As with most projects, just about the time you g^t the last screw in place, there is that little voice whispering in your ear, saying, "1 wonder what would happen if , . , ?" Well, this project was no exception. Fig. 2 shows what happens when you listen to little voices.

The ac power supply has disappeared, replaced by two C cells in series. The op amp

+3V

DC ^

IK

AC

OUT

3 3i-F

if

I

mm4

-m-

20«

WtTER

^

1

fl

F/g. 2

has vanished because a more sensitive (50 microamp) meter has been used. The diode in series with the meter is used to provide a hoi doff threshold effect so a small

steady meter reading is cancelled. Either unit does about the same job of pro- viding your bench with a photocell dimension that will find many uses, ■

pi

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Eugene Daren WA6THG 62lBCalle Empinade San Diego CA 92120

Inside the SR'52

-- calculator doubles as micro

farads and let the machine convert it to farads. Further into the program we round off our answer to two places beyond the decimal point. This is done in step 033 where we fix the number of places after the decimal point to two in step 034. !f we feel thit we really don't need any portion of an Ohm in the final answer, step 034 could be keyed 9 instead and the machine will then round off the answer to no places to the right of the decimal. Later, in steps 040 and 041 , we tell the machine to go back to its original 10 digit display and clear all memories for a com- plete new set of values. Isn't that beautiful?

Lei*s do a sample problem and watch this wondrous little gem go through its tricks. Let's suppose that we have discovered that upon

If you are anything like mtt this business of math

formulas as used in elec- tronics today is enough to scare you half to death.

Being a basically lazy but inquisitive sort, the need for mathematical answers when desiring some pet project kept rearing its ugly head. About a year and a half ago I broke down and bought my first scientific calculator, a Texas Instruments SR-50. I loved this instrument, and its ease of use made those for- mulas I had hated in the past child's play. But the SR-50 had a nagging problem which took some of the edgp off the fun. Its problem, simply stated, was only one memory* This fact made me resort to the pencil more times than I cared Something had to be done.

Then one day^ something was done. The first program- mable calculator with multi- ple memory came upon the market I fell in love instantly and dreamed of the day when I, too, could carry the wisdom of Solomon in my back pocket. But the early introduction price of almost $400,00 made me hesitate. Wisdom was fine» but for

$400.00 I found that I could push an awful lot of pencils.

Gradually, as time wore on, I watched the prices drop until one day it broke the magic $200,00 figure, and I rushed with sweatstained, crumpled bills to my local calculator emporium to buy my first programmable calcu- lator ... no, not calculator but, rather, mini pocket computer . • • the magnificent 5R52.

Oh joy of joys, oh thrill of thrills, for the next two days I sat mesmerized by the winking, blinking^ flashing numbers. At last the drudgery of math was truly defeated

The programmable pocket computer is a very powerful tool, and, whether you write your own programs or use those of someone else, it is a constant joy- For those of you who have recently bought your first instrument but have not mastered the knack of programming, here is a simple program to calcu- late Xc, capacitive reactance.

Simply stated, the formula for capacitive reactance says: Xc in Ohms is equal to the reciprocal of frequency in Hertz times capacitance in farads times the quantity 2

pi. What a drag to wade through that humbug. But with the accompanying for mual keyed into your favorite SR-52 or SR-56, it suddenly all becomes child's play.

Turn on your machine^ press LRN and up pops 000 00. The first three zeros indi- cate the step number, and the last two zeros indicate the key to be pressed in teaching the calculator its smarts. An extremely well written set of books comes with each and every machine, and in the back of the small book with the SR'52 is a chart detailing each key as to its identifica- tion number.

Now, let's key into the machine the program in Table 1.

The formula turns out to be somewhat an unwieldy one to use, as who of us uses capacitance values in farads. In step 008 the machine is told to convert farads to microfarads by going automa- tically into scientific notation when "EE" is pressed, and then in step 009 and 010 we enter into the program, the minus 6th power of ten. This allows us, when entering the problem's values, to enter capacitance values in micro-

000

46

*LBL

001

11

A

002

42

STO

003

00

0

004

01

1

005

81

hit

006

46

•LBL

007

12

8

008

52

EE

009

94

+/-

010

06

6

oil

42

STO

012

00

0

013

02

2

014

81

HLT

015

46

•LBL

016

13

C

017

53

(

018

59

W

019

65

H

020

02

2

021

65

X

022

43

RCL

023

00

9

024

01

1

025

65

X

026

43

RCL

027

00

1?

028

02

2

029

&4

\

030

20

h

031

22

inv

032

52

EE 1

033

57

im

034

02

2

035

81

HLT

036

48

LBL

037

15

E

038

25

CLR

039

47

*cms

040

22

inv

041

57

•fix

042

81

HLT

end of proiram

Table /.

198

attempting to pipe a touch- loneTM pad into our phase modulator and bypass all the mic stages, we still can't key up that autopatch down the road.

Hmmmm ... the lowest frequency used in the touch- tone pad is 697 Hz, but the guys on the frequency all seem to agree that the high frequency tone is there, but the tow frequency tone is very low in amplitude. Upon examination of the schematic we find that the coupling

capacitor out of the inter- stage transformer in the mic circuit feeding the phase modulator is onty an .02 uF.

Well, let's see . . . picking up our trusty SR'52 and loading up the program, we enter the audio frequency value 697 into "A" and the coupling capacitor value ,02 uF into "B'V Depressing "C" tells us that the capacitive reactance of that *02 uF coupling capacitor is 1141 7.14 Ohms.

Gee, no wonder those gyys

on the autopatch can't hear the low frequency tone. Suppose we increase the capacitor value to ,05 uF, What's the Xc value then? Returning to our miracle of miracles, we enter into "B" the new value ,05 and once a^n press "C'\ Out spits 4566,86, Well, that's better, but not really good enough for tiie autopatch operation, so v^ try another capacitor value of .33 uF into the computer and out spits 691.95. ni bet that works.

Suddenly, after changing the capacitor to the new value of 33 uF, we find the autopatch swallowing our signal and keying up Ihc dial tone.

If you have followed me through this exercise, you wilt now begin to appreciate this beautiful little handful of plastic and electrons. Loading some of the other programs that come with the instru- ment will truly open your eyes to the reason I, for one, will never be without my wondrous mental crutch. ■

from page f90

and on for much of my fife, it wtouldn't have been much trouble to get a WINSD call back when the getting was good. Goofed,

The current frenzy ^^^^ two fetter ciills is fun. When I sugyested to the FCC that they offer special caHsas an incenttve to get an Extra cl^s iicense (in 19631, They said that hams iden* lif ied with their calls and would never gci for ft. Instead, they opted to punish hams for not upgrading theJr licenses rather than offering an incen- tive such a? a special calL They called It "incentive licensing."

At any rate, whOe most of us were tied to our calls, a few found ways aroLtnd the md tape. The ones involved m the conviction of the FCC chap were K3MM. K8KD. K8RS, and K8RZ* all of which now appear to have been withdrawn. Alt Ohio boys . , . odd, since the last I heard, 0h[o wasn't yet offic5ailv one the United States. They really should be issiiing their own calls out there and stop voting in our elections. But that's another story, and an interesting one. It ^ems the Ohio legislature rtever actually got around to ratifying the joining of the Umon, and by the time this was discovered, everyone felt it was better to shut up and not make waves.

Getting back to thcne licenses , . , I have noticed others have managed to get counter pan calts, white I'm still living out the remainder of my existence as W2NS0 instead of W1NSD.

The newspaper article made a big deal out of one of the FCC officials gettmg his own initials for his call. Big deat The FCC's answer to that was that they tried to make officials more vlsrb^e when they operated. That's not a bad answer, Perhaps something ?vefi more visible , , . like W3A . . . would have been even more satisfactory.

EDITORIAL BY WA YNB GREEN Those one letter calls do stand outi

THE NEW "REPEATER" BAND

Apparently there are a few ama- teurs who have noticed that while the FCC deregutated the 1445-145.5 MHz band so repeaters could be used there, the FCC made no mention that repeaters had to be used t here.

With only a small percentage of the current I V operational repeaters being used much, it seems counterproduc- tive (dumb?} to start allocating a whole riew bunch of channels for repeaters. Yes, I know that every red blooded ham will not be happy until he has found out how difficult it is to set up and run a repeater of his own. Yes, \ know that few of us are able to learn from the experiences of others arKl that most of us prefer to make our own mistakes, no matter the expense in time and money.

As the past setter -upper and main- tainer of some repeaters, I can testify as to the trouble and expense. As a matter of fact, I suppose I should write up some of the adventures m reseat er^r^ as a humor article for 73 — the v^fading through four feet of srtow to get to a locked- up repeater — the two snowmobiies in the bam just to get to the repeater site — all so a small group of misfits who had been chjased off every other repeater in New England would have a place to spend the remaining days of their unproductive ih/es.

Should I mention the purchase of the dup^e^ter? It seems that when you use a duplexer there is a little problem which gets kind of glassed over In the literature .,. temperature. Tempera- ture is something of which there is a great lack on top of a New Hampshire mountain during the winter. So this chap fa 73 staffer}, who shall have to go unnamed, figured out a fix for that problem ... he set up a heater near the duplexer and I |u?t about had heart failure when the electric bill

came the next sprtng , . . ^350 to heat that damned duplexer. Let me know if you want to buy a duplexer cheap .*. very cheap. I gave away the rep^ter.

So, do we need a whole new raft of unused repeaters in the newly deregu- lated MHz, complete with the usual wars between SSBers, CW DXers, AMers, and all the groups who have already annoLinced that they are ready and willing to go to war? Why »5 il that the very first reaction to atiy change iS to threaten war? I get the feeling that a lot of hams gre excited over the prospects of yetting back to war . . . it*s more fun. Cooperation has led to very dull repeaters and a big loss of Interest, Now, a good hot war . . » 7

WeN, you do what you like. 1 really cbn'i care if the repeater fans fand I'nn one) have terrible battle over whether to go 20 kHi splits, or 30 kHz with 15 kHz unusable splinters fwho ever learns from experience?!* And I'll cheer on the sidewinders and their forays against the terrible re^ paater gnDups . , . and the AMers leapir^ out to do battle with any repeater which dares to set fool inside the new band . . . etc.

If people want to be foolish and waste their time and energy fighting ir^ead of inventing and pioneering and trying to move things ahead, Til do whit I can to ignore them. It's a pity . . . Just think of all the new thin^ we could develop if we would sijend ouf time in a positive manner. We coukJ develop some fantastk: repeater systems — with aytomatic calling and message handling — with micnacomputer interface - perhaps as an adjunct to burglar, fire, water, etc., alarm systems in hams' houses — tied in with ELT for locating planes which are dow^n , .etc*

Just why the FCC didn't open the rest of two meters to Techs is one of those mysteries. Frankly. I think that was dumb. If the lack of a full MHz hasn't forced Techs to get a General license in all these years, why will the lack of a half meg do it?

WARC PROPOSALS

A reader sent atong a copy of some

of the foreign proposals for band

changes which might interest you . . .

particularly if you have been worrvlng

about whether to buy a new rig now or wait for one which will include those promised new ham bands which we wilt be getting after the )TU meeting in 1979.

The BBC proposals * rem ember, that is the British government I are to resolve the sharing of the 7100-7300 kHz broadcast band with amateurs by re-aHot;aiion (moving out the ama- teurs) They further point out that it is necessary to at least double each of the shortwave broadcasting bands below 20 MHz, Guess whose bands would be, affected?

The 8BC also wants to use up most of the ham 220 MHz band with added television allocations , . , up to at least 223 MHz. Whoops, there goes 2201

The BBC will not have things all their own way with this TV plan, for the C.E.P.T. (Central Europe govern ments) wants ip allocate 174-235 MHz for mobile service. They also are propo^ng 41-63 MHz for mobile i there goes ^\x meters!) and a mobile service in the 430-432 and 438-440 MHz bands, replacing amateur use of those bands. These decisions were reached st a meeting In Puerto de la Cruz in 1974 and revised at Malaga- Torrerrtolinos in 1975. They will probably stick.

Obviously we may lose more than just our low bands at WARC.

AHD

M V.LC.

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199

Boost Your TR22!

-- with a mini roci< crusher

L^rry Levy WA21NM 1114 E. l&ihSt Bmoklyn NY 112S0

My TR22 is a very nice side to reach some of the rig, but it is a little more distant repeaters full short on the power output quieting. There have been

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Rff. 2 LI - 2!4 Wrm 4f22 sohd wire; L2 - same as U\ %'' diameter spaced M"; RFC! -2 approximately 6 turns ^22 solid wire (insulated)^ ]4 "diameter dose spaced.

several modifications pub- lished that would Increase the power output of this rig, but they all have common draw- backs: 1) There is barely enough drive for the final that is in there now, so the drivers have to be reworked to give more power. 2) The increased power means in- creased battery drain for the times that I want to use It on battery power. And, 3) the increased power doesn't help my other HT, when I want to use that ai the QTH or mobile.

The easiest and most flex- ible solution is to build an outboard power amp, which will connect to either HT and can be used in the car as well as the house, (Actually, given the price and effort to build these, you could build an extra and leave it in the car,) The cost for construction is under $15, and it takes less than an hour to build.

Depending upon the tran- sistor used and the rig driving it, you will gel 9 or 10 Walts out with a 2N5590- If you have a higher-powered HT or base rig, you could substitute a 2N6081 (1 .S^^a W drive, VS W out), a 2N6082 (3-5 W drive, 25 W out), of a 2N6083 (30 W out), or, if you have 7-10 W available, you might try a 2N6084 (40 Wout)or2N6097 (40W).

These would aJI use the same basic amplifier circuit The 2N5590 and most of the others listed are available from CeCo Communications, 2115 Avenue X, Brooklyn NY 11235 (a 73 advertiser), and are reasonably priced (the 2N5590 is about $6, the 2N6081 is about $7, cur- rently, and the others are comparably priced).

Construction

The amplifier is con- structed on a piece of copper PC board, mounted on a Finned aluminum heat sink- The stud of Ql is used to mount the board to the heat sink, A scrap piece of PC board is filed to clear the case of Ql , and soldered to the

200

main board after the tran- sistor is mounted and the

emitter tabs are soldered to the main board. This acts as a shield i^etween the input and output circuits. Layout is simple (see Fig. 2) straight- line construction. RLl is a DPDT 12 Vretay, with 25-50 mA coil current. (A relay with a higher coil current could be used, but the 2N2222 type transistor should be replaced with one having a higher current rating. The cheap plastic TO-220

THE ANSWER TO THE BIQGESTStGI^AL

W1CPI CENTER

type audio transistors should work fine for this applica- tion.) Radio Shack stocks a relay with the right current, available for a few dollars*

LI and L2 should be dipped^ with a few feet of coax connected. C4 can be a disc ceramic, about 40 pF, If really Fine tuning is desired, it could be replaced with a 50 or 60 pF trimmer. C5 is a T.5-7 pF trimmer. It could be replaced with a fixed value cap, if desired. 2-3 pF should work for a small hand-held

HTorTR22(1-2Wrange),or a gimmick could be used for the higher power rigs (when used with the higher power transistors). In either case, the minimum capacitance that will give reliable keying should be used.

Tune-u p/0 perat io n

Connect the amplifier to a power source, and connect a wattmeter to the output with a dummy load. Tune CI and C3 {also C4, if variable) for maximum output. Now back

down C5 until the relay drops out, and increase it slightly until it keys reliably.

You might now connect the wattmeter to the input and check swr, C2 may be varied to get the lowest swr (with retuning Cl)» if theswr is high. Connect the watt- meter to the output, connect an antenna, and repeak for maximum. This completes the tune-up. A switch may be added in the power lead, so the booster may be shut off if not needed. ■

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D O V ET R O

MPC-IOOOC

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The MPC-IOOOC features MULTIPATH CORRECTION, fNBAND DIVERSITY (single channet copy during deep selective fades) Operation and a PHASE^CONTINUOUS AFSK TONE KEYER. The Mark and Space channels are CONTINUOUSLY tuneable from 1200 to 3100 Hi. The internal RY GENERATOR and DUAL MODE AUTOSTART (FSK or MARK) are standard, as are rear panel prowisfons for SIGNAL REGENERA- TION and SPEED CONVERSION peripherals.

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The MPC-IOOOR combines the features of the MPCIOOOCR wfth the TSR-SOO SPEED CONVERTER'REGENERATOR and offers 200 characters of FIFO MEMORY, a DUAL- UART REGENERATOR that also provides local copy during all PRELOAD RECIR- CULATE functions, a WORD CORRECTION circuit that permits an incorrect word to be erased from memory by depressing the local keyboard's BLANK key, VAR- IABLE CHARACTER RATE and automatic BLANK/LTRS DIDDLE. Character OVER- RUN during down*speed conversion Is prevented by an automatic CHARACTER RATE OVER-RIDE and TEE DEE INHIBIT circuit Three preset AFSK TONE/SHIFT combi- nations are selectable from the front paneL

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202

THE SYSTEM 3000A TRANSCEIVER

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• TWENTY FRONTPANEL-PROGRAMMABLE PRIORITY CHANNELS, Just dial in the frequency and transmitter offset, press the Enter Switch and you're in the memory* A battery backup is used to retain the memory when power Is removed,

*DUAL BUILT-IN SCANNERS. One for aotomaticaily tuning the the band in one or four MHz bands, the other for scanning the priority channels. Adjustable pause from 3-10 sec.

• PRIORITY CHANNEL MONITOR so you can operate on one frequency while periodically monitoring one or more priority channels*

• ANY TRANSMITTER OFFSET. In addition to the standard ±600 kHz, SYSTEM 3000A can be front-panel programmed to provide any transmitter offset from 5 kHz to 4 MHz.

• ADVANCED PLL SYNTHESIZER covers 144-147.995 MHz in 5 kHz steps with electronic push-button (two-speeds) tuning.

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JE:. Dumm W4NVK Chief Engineer, Dusina Enterprises 571 Orange Aveaue W Meiboume FL 3 2 90 J

QRM on the Moon?

- - yep, on all bands

Awhile back, I had occa* sion to do some design work to determine the best frequency to be used by an explorer using a handie-talkie on the moon's surface. In that work, I had to calculate the signal levels arriving on the moon from all known Earth iransmitters^ to deter- mine which frequencies were so QRMcd that they would be a bad choice. The results were quite interesting in that they showed that most fre- quencies are already "occupied" on the moon by Earth QRM.

It may surprise you kilo- watters lo learn thai your idle chatter bombards the moon with readable signal levels. If there had been moon people, they would have had tittle problem knowing alt about Earthlings, since they could have merely turned on their radios and TV sets to monitor just about any station in the world broadcasting on fre- quencies above the broadcast band. Many persons will kind of suspect that TV signals with their 1 megawatt effec- tive radiated power (ERP) might reach the moon, but few hams whom t have talked to even suspected that their QSOs regularly reached the moon.

Ham signals above 80 meters frequently reach the moon at enough strength lo be quite readabJe, if a receiver up there using a decent anten* na was tuned lo the fre- quency. Most moderately powered transmitters that use di poles, which radiate appre- ciable power straight up^ reach the moon when it is high in the sky, providing the ionospheric critical frequency is low enough relative to the transmitting frequency to permit the signals to punch through at high radiation angles.

For those hams that may be rusty on their critical fre- quencies, Fig. 1 gives a typical summer and winter curve showing how these vary versus local time. In using this chart, remember that 12:00 local time is high noon by the sun, reprdless of what your clock may indicate. Study of Fig. 1 reveals that the 40

meter signals punch through all the time except for a couple of hours each noon in the winter. Eighty meters punches through only late at night through early morning, and bands above 40 punch through always.

To show the sipial levels arriving on the moon, Fig. 2 presents their level when the transmitter is 1 kW, and both the Earth transmitter and the moon receiver use ordinary dipolc antennas. Notice that even on the moon one cannot escape static completely, since the galactic noise still prevails much stronger than pure receiver noise. The lower sloping curve on Fig, 2 shows the value of galactic noise versus frequency. To estimate the quality of signals reaching the moon, for example on 40 meters, consult the chart at 40m and read the received signal level as being -97 dB below a milliwatt (dBm). The

mm Br

*lHTEn

0 2 A 6 5 10 l£ 14 le IB to ZZ 24 LOCAL TIME

Fig. h Typical critica! frequencies.

galactic noise at 40m is about -107 dBm, so the signal to noise ratio will be about 10 dB in a 2 kHz SSB band- width, which is the band- width the chart is designed for. This 10 dB is not a very hot signal, but it is readable.

If antennas with vertical gain were being used instead of free space dipotes, such as, for instance^ ordinary di poles within a quarter wave of ground, a larger signal would prevail. For example, if a Super Gain^ antenna was used on each end of the link, 14 dB more gain would result, giving a 24 dB signal to noise ratio, which is quite readable indeed. CW fans may rejoice in the fact that CW truly booms into the moon. This is because the human ear is equivalent to a 50 Hz effec* tive pre-detection bandwidth, when using a receiver with a product detector* Therefore, CW has a bandwidth com- pression factor of 2000/50j or about 40 times^ which amounts to 1 6 dB more signal to noise ratio over SSB voice. ThuSj even a 1 00 Watt rig is very readable on the moon if CW is used.

Of course, there will still be the usual QRM from other hams on the same frequency, even on the moon. However, since beams and vertical antennas put very little signal straight up, those with such antennas will not QRM the moon, and the net result will be much less congestion on the moon.

The above values of signal levels are given in dBm, which are very familiar to all who do serious work in commune cations, but dBm may be unfamiliar to many hams whose usual jargon references signals in the notorious S meter system. 1 cannot con- vert to S values, since each receiver is different in its indi- cation of S level, and g'oss differences even exist between similar units on a production run. However, the value of -97 dBm represents

^ See 73, Oct., 1970, pg. 8 for description.

204

3.8 uVinaSOOimline. You will have to calibrate your receiver to determine what that would be in S units on your rig. Anyhow^ this is a piddling signal for anyone who would try to commijni- cate on Earth. Earth static and QRM are severe, and would completety mask such a weak signal. However, on the moon, such a signal, small though it is, would be above the noise and static far enough for useful communi- cations.

So, you guys on the UFO net, be advised that the ntoon is listening^ and one would be unwise to bad-mouth saucers,

for this might offend some compulsive young saucer cap- tain who may use his laser to ionize a conducting path between the nearest ripe thunderhead and your anten- na, thereby delivering a bolt directly into the shack creating much smoke, reverence j and no doubt setting some record for the shortest though loudest

-SECErvED SIGNAL LE^L

FREE SPACt DtPOLE AMttMHA^

&i].iiCT|t NS11E iM2MHlPECtiVf:R

m zftHi

Fig, 2- Received signa! levels on the moon in typiai/ SSB receiver.

digital message ever sent. Also, those who would like a temporary respite from our unresolvable terrestrial prob-

lems may want to contem- plate utiat callsign the first moon DX expedition should have. ■

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205

I have been a VHF enthu- siast from the time 1 first knew Gf the 2m band; and I prefer mobile work most of alt. This was to my advantage while in the Navy, as I could lake my QTH with me wher- ever I might be stationed.

Now that I am a dvifian, I decided to become more active and help save some of our frijquencies. In Montana we had a great ^oup on "two" but nowhere else in the VHF range. So, joined by another ham, I decided to do some work on 450 MHz. Since I ovm an IO230, I fell in [ove with the lC-30a when I saw it. We both bought a unit at a great savings through the local dealer to help get our 450 effort off to a good starts

Since 1 owned a Pinto, I didn't really have the room for both rigs or two antennas, so I was always with one rig or the other. I soon tired of this ordeal (and decided to help the economy too) and bought myself a new Dodge van. Now this was big enough to hold my iC-230, IO30a and my scanner, with enough roof to make the thing look like a porcupine. After weighing many options, I decided to make a shelf above the sun visors, since none of the rigs were more than two inches thick. I spent one whole weekend drilling holes* filing, sawing and having a great lime. I then stood back and was pleased with what i saw. From left to right, the shelf was occupied by the IC-30a, the IG230, the discriminator meter and, finally, the scanner. I still had plenty of room for a 6 meter or 220 rig in the future, I used the mounting hardware that came with the Icom gear, I put wood screws through the two holes in the clamps and affixed them to the shelf. I thought this way they were solid, but could be taken out if they ever failed (my first mistake).

Having never had any ham gear stolen, even in Cali- fornia, I didn't think about it. But I did always lock all the

Richard F. Heivey WB6THJ

77. J J 1 CaUrornia Ave., ApL B-1 2

Paim Desert QA 92260

Filcher Foiler

Car Alarm

- - car door operated

doors when I was away. Then

1 came out Saturday morning (one week later) to find my van raped and my IC-30a savagely ripped away from the sheif* The power and speaker cords were cut, but not the antenna, which had a slip on fitting since the 50*239 was metric. Once I got over the shock, I put out a QST (A general call to hamSj not a magazine. — Ed.) on 2 meters to let them know what happened- In a daze, t then called the police and went through all the paper- work,

I made up my mind right then that this was not going to happen again. I called a few places inquiring about alarm systems. The prices varied from $80 to $1 50 for a complete job. I then gathered up my ham pride and decided I could build one for less money- After about ten

minutes of head scratching, I came up with the circuit in Fig, L It is very simple and the total cost of parts came

to about $25 to $30, All parts can be bought at Radio Shack except the door

switches- They are the ''dome light" type and must be bought at an auto parts store for about 79^ each. If any door is opened the relay ener- gizes and latches, putting plus battery to the noise maker. The only way to turn it off is to come to the vehicle and turn the key switch off. The relay I bought wasn't the best and needed some adjustment before it would quit buzzing and latch like it should. This part should be the best money can buy, as it's the heart of the system.

Since my van was new, it was a simple matter to install the door jam switches. Run the wires to a common

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m

MAlffl^

^^P.

KEY StVltCH

switch bus terminal, wire up the relay and mount the key switch. A mercury switch coufd be added so that if the vehicle is even bumped the alarm will go off. 1 now had a system ready to let me know if anyone got in. But how could I slow them down if they did get in?

The best way to come up with a solution is to think like a thief and figure out what would make it hard to take something. First, the nice mounting for the Icom gear had to go, I took the radio apart and found I had a lot of room inside near the front. So, I bought some "stove bolts" and drilled holes through the shelf and the bottom panel of the !C-230 case. With this bolted to the shelf, I put the radio back together around this bottom paneL This way, the thief would have to ^ke the time to take the radio apart and, if he wanted the bottom panel, he would have to unbolt it. To do this, he would have to take the shelf down from the six flat iron brackets that hold it in place, with three screws through each of those. I did the same

206

with my discriminator meter, but my scanner was another problem. There wasn't any roo m for stove bo I ts, so I put four wood screws through the bottom panel into the shelf with huge washers (2 inches across) under the counter- sunk screw head. I then put the scanner back together around this bottom panel*

It took me a half an hour to assremble the radios onto

the shelf and put the shelf back into the van. I am sure that if they want them badly

enough there is a way, but my arrangement should cer- tainty slow them down- As someone once said, '*an

ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure/" so naturally I had the van insured for everything, I found out that I should get all but the $25 deductible back from my insurance com- pany. I had had the IC-230 individually insured but hadn't yet done so for the IC-30a. If so, I would be getting the total value back, I

found out from my agent that, with the measures I had taken^ there was no question about insuring a^jainst theft with a blanket policy "covering everything that's in the van at the time/' This is at about the same cost as the single policy 1 now have on the IG230.

Since there are a few of us who would rather run these 'Vice box rigs" instead of commercial gear, and since the rigs look a lot like CB rigs, we most do what we can

to keep these nice rigs from being borrowed by our *'break in" brothers. I hope what I have done might help at least one fellow ham hold onto what he has saved for years to buy and enjoy, ■

Be sure to include a mercury switch attached to the hood if your v€hide*s battery is accessible without entering the passenger compartment Thieves have been f^nown to clip battery leads to disable alarm systems. — Ed.

Steve Zawacfcj WAl UUK

l&l-CShiiohSt.

Fort Devens MA 01433

Quick Deviation Meter

- - for the IC-22A

Sooner or later a 2m FMer will find a need for a fairly reliable deviation meter. As is the case with most test gear, the cost of a commercially-prepared devia- tion meter doesn't make it a justifiable expense for the casual user.

However, being strong on need, yet weak in resources, an inexpensive deviation meter became a must for me. Going on the philosophy that a deviation meter is nothing more than a stable FM re- ceiver with a visual readout, I took my trusty 10-22 A and a

C»2

VTVM and experimented. As a result, here's a quick and easy modification to an IC-22A which will allow for deviation measurement of other 2m FM trwsmitters.

Connect one end of a 9-inch length of #22 in- sulated wire to the junction of D2 and R43, located in the ratio detector circuit Con- nect the other end of the wire to any open terminal on the accessory plug (Fig. 1),

Obtain, through any legiti- mate means, a VTVM with a 1 volt range and an rf probe

(I used a Hewlett-Packard 41 OB and had excellent re* suits). Attach the common lead to any ground point on the IC-22A. Plug the tip of the rf probe into the slot in the accessory plug which matches to the terminal now connected to the D2/R43 junction (Fig, 2), Turn on the IC-22A, and tune to any reasonably active frequency. Engage the squelch, so no noise is heard when no signal is present.

Now, turn on your VTVM, let it warm up, and set it for ac, 3 volt range. Youll notice

i(C-2^A

CLIP

COHHO*!

Fig* h

Fig, 2.

that, when no signal is pre- sent, a fairty stable voltage of approximately T2 volts will be present When an unmodu- lated signal is received, the voltage dips to roughly 0.8 volts* As modulation is applied to the signal, the volt- age may then vary from ap- proximately 0.8 to 1.0 volts.

In order to observe the variable voltage betterj change the VTVM range con- trol to its 1 volt position. Now, during a period of un- modulated signal input, ad- just the meter setting to "0" or "center/* whichever suits you best. As a result, when modulation ts applied to the input signali a meter move- ment following the pattern of the modulation will be ob- served. The observed moduta- tion pattern will conform to the deviation of the input signal

It is now necessary to compare meter readings to known deviations. I have found that on my 1C-22A, utilizing a regulated 13.6 V dc supply, a peak deviation of 5 kHz will cause a peak volt* age reading of 0.2 volts from my adjusted *'0" setting. However, this may vary slightly on different lC-22As, depending on power supply stability, component ac- curacy, etc.

When using this quickie deviation meterj make sure that the input signal is not strong enough to desense the 1C-22A. Also, be sure to measure deviation on a sim- plex frequency, not through a repeater, •

207

I've been doing a lot of experimenting with minia- ture solid state receivers the

]ast few years and in most cases have stuck with single 12 volt power supplies just in case I should want to use batteries at some time. Most of the ICs I use are designed for nominal 12 volt opera- tion, and when a few op amps are sprinkled into the circuit, I generally offset the output to 6 volts by biasing the non -in verting input with a couple of resistors and ac coupling everything. This is common practice and in nnost cases quite satisfactory*

Then I became intrigued with the idea of using a PLL in one of my designs, but the NE551 needed at least 13 volts for satisfactory opera- tion. Besides the PLL, I had several 741 op amps in the audio and age circuits whose performance could be improved by the use of dual polarity supplies. An ac sup- ply capable of providing 3 voltages was no problem, but battery operation would call for a converter of some kind.

In the past I've built my share of dc to dc converters using saturating cores and switching transistors, but it seemed I always had a terrible time taming these beasts. Tremendous spikes would show yp on the output and cause all kinds of problems in the equipment being powered by this pulse generator. This time I decided to cut out the

lUy MegiriBn K4DHC 606 SE 6th Avenue Deeineld Beach FL 53441

Build a Noise 'free

Power Supply

- avoid spikes with sine waves

l£ V

BATTiftTr

problem rather than try to cure it* Instead of the cus- tomary square waves, I thou^t Vd start with a pure sine wave and use an audio amplifier to build up the level to a value suitable for feeding into a power transformer,

The idea worked quite nicely and a schematic for the converter is shown in Fig. 1, The majority of the receiver circuits operated from 12 volts and were fed directly from the battery. The NE561 was run off the +15 output and the op amps from both

outputs. My circuit drew about 5 mA from each out- put, but as much as 10 mA should be possible.

All kinds of chokes and transformers were tried in the oscillator tank circuit, but eventually it was found that a hand wound pot core induc- tor worked best- The pot cores I used were obsolete Ferroxcube parts, but similar units should work as we

EE ttKTl

i

9ft

TRIM

ifr

ADJUST FOB

^h

TRANSISTOR OuTfUT Tf^&N 5 FORMER

/tr

^COM

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Fig. h Schematic for the spfke-free power supply.

Mine are about 3/8" in diam- eter and 5/16" thick with

both halves assembled. Mate- rial is Ferroxcube 3C. The bobbin was wound with 800 tLjrns of #44 magnet wire. On a homemade bridge , the inductance checked out around 700 millihenries. In the power supply the oscil- lator frequency is around 900 Hz.

An LM380N audio ampli- fier IC is used to drive the voice coil side of a standard 500 Ohm to 3.2 Ohm output transformer, I used Radio Shack #273-1379. The bridge rectifier is one of the small plastic units about the size of a TO-5 transistor case. The transformer center tap is grounded and the dual polar-

ity voltages taken from either side of the bridge. Output level is set by the 5k vertical trimmer which controls drive to the LM380, This control should be set with the load connected. All decimal value capacitors are 50 volt discs and the rest are electrolytics. Resistors are Va Watt carbon. The silicon diode may be a 1N914 or any other type used for switching or general purposes. Other JFETs will work in most cases as the oscillator transistor, just make sure you get the right pins in the right holes since not all packages have the same pinouts.

Tests made with ±15 volts out and 10 mA load on each supply showed a maximum ripple of 15 mV peak to peak. At 5 mA loads, the ripple dropped to 8 mV peak to peak, input current from the 1 2 volt source was 85 mA and 55 mA respectively. This is not particularly good effi- ciency, but at these low levels it was of no great conse- quence. The 900 Hz hum was just about audible with the receiver quiet but normally was lost under background noise.

208

Fig, 2. PC board layout and parts hcation as viewed from copper side.

The PC board layout and parts placement are shown in Fig. 2. The board is 23" square. The pot core inductor was potted in a cylindrical form after winding and pro* vided with 2 radial leads for insertion into the PC board. A finished inductor and un- drjlled board are available from me for $5 including (K>$tage/"

1^^^^^"^

O O 9 Q O O O

LM380fi

0 0 0-40 O O

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05

CDAKIT

Now stocks AMPHENOL!

P.O. Box lOI-A ' Oumont, N. J. 07(28

C21

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ateur Headquarters for the Northeast

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•Jv You asked for it!

A S70,0a digital multimeter kft

Now there'^s just no excuse for not having a digital muttlmeter at our low price. Our unit is based on the famous $29.95 DVM kit you have heard about and has the following featurMt

DC volts: Better than 0.1% ac- curacy. Reads 0 to 1200 volts in 4 ranges

AC volts: Better than 0.3% aa curacy. Reads 0 to 750 volts RI\/lS/4 ranges

Ohms: Better than 0.2% accuracy. Reads from 0 ohms to 20 megs

You get all parts indudlng dual trackirtg, AC power supply, laser trimmed reference, and thick film attenuator*

CA rea. add toac. Ph. Ijic, S3. 95 for postage kandiing.

As j/Hffrt Hr have caJibnitiofi and repair serricc

Gary McClellan and Co, Box 2085

nil 1001 W. Impf rial Hwy.

^* ' La Habra CA 90631

209

Robert ViJJascngo

309 Irvington

San Anionio TX 78209

Surplus Goodies

- - are they really for you?

The question of whether or not government surplus is for the Novice deserves a simpie answer, but an unqualified answer cannot be given, tt resembles the questioni "Should you build or buy?" The answer depends on the ability of the Novice, Generally, the Surplus market Is not for the Novice, The best advice is to look, but don't buy. It sounds easy, but surplus is sometimes difficult to leave alone. Many of the new units can't be utilized in their present forms, but they look so pretty that il is nor- mally assumed a useful con- version is possible*

Leave it alone. Especially if you do not have the loot to play with. If you are lucky enough to become a Novice already possessing the knowledge and skills of an electronic technician, the value of the surplus will be apparent.

Another deterrent to buy- ing government surplus is the new Novice regulations governing power and fre- quency controL Two hundred fifty Watts is unusual in mili- tary equipment. Most units are rated much lower in their outputs and are seldom worth the money if any thought is

given to upgrading your license in the future. Yet the outlay of several hundred dollars to obtain one of the late model transceivers is not the wisest of moves if you consider the possibility of losing interest in amateur radio before advancing to a higher stage in the license process.

Assuming the interest Is there but the money isn't, at least one surplus buy may be in order: a receiver. Check the bank account and see if you have ten or fifteen dol- lars that can be used for a trip to the nearest surplus or junk dealer that has government surplus materials in stock. Do not be influenced by the prices advertised by the many mail-order houses that dwell on the misinformed non- technical Novice. Keep in mind that you can spend a bunch of green for a great receiver that will provide fea- tures you won't find anyplace else. I would recommend that you do so if it's affordable. There are many available at any price you would like to pay*

One of the most important steps to take before visiting the local surplus house or

yard is to familiarize yourself with surplus equipment that has been used in amateur service during the past thirty years. Careful scanning of the catalogs issued by several of the surplus mail-order houses and, if they are available, old copies of various ham maga- zines can supply a great deal of information. There are a few units still available from Worid War II that require very little, if any, con version. A recent trip to the local surplus dealer to buy a piece of angle iron for a certain project turned up something more and is a common occur* rence. Digging through towering piles of so-called funk left out in the weather, I found several old BC 342 receivers and ARR 7 re- ceivers* The covers were in bad shape . . . paint flaking, mildew, and other indigna- tions that had been thrust upon them by the years of bad weather and the rough handling thai is apparent in a junk yard. Producing one of the small screwdrivers that I normally carry on my salvage trips, I had one of the re- ceivers open in a flash. Every- thing was intact and spotless on the inside. The junker wanted ten bucks for the four

receivers, two BC 342s and

two ARR 7s. 1 offered him five and he settled on six if I took them all. 1 did.

The BC 342 is a big piece of reliable iron with tubes. It lacks many refinements but it will get you to 18 MHz, just short of 15 meters. It is better used as a general cover- age radio, although many have been used in amateur service. It is one of the few that will operate uncon- verted.

The ARR 7 is a military

version of the old Halli- crafters SX'28 modified to conform with most aircraft equipment of Worid War II. All the controls were moved to the end of the chassis so that the radio could be inserted lengthwise into the aircraft. The addition of an audio output transformer, a power supply^ and a couple of wiring changes can provide an excellent and inexpensive way to listen in on alt the activity from the broadcast band to above ten meters (.5542 MHz). There have been later models but, as with most equipment, the price goes up along with the later release date. And sometimes it isn't as good in quality.

These are just two exam- ples of what you can find if you do a little digging-

If you are like most who develop an interest in ama« teur radio, one of the first events that takes place is making friends with that guy down the street who has the wires hanging ail over his house. If he is a do-it-your- selfer^ you will learn some- thing from him and he can give you a big assist in buy- ing, building, or modifying existing equipment.

Besides a telegraph key, you can pick up a low power surplus transmitter that will perform satisfactorily. Con- trary to the '*power mongers" that are graduating from the CB ranks (if the shoe fits), it really isn't necessary for Novice operators to have a large transmitter output. The increase from a maximum 75 to 250 Watts input was

2t0

apparently an attempt at appeasing manufacturers of equipment under the guise of providing an **extra" for the Novice. If the main interest is learning and increasing code speed, power isn't going to help. Fifty Watts more or less will do the job. There are many used commercial models selling for twenty or thirty dollars. Some for less. Most of these are crystal- controlled, which is the biggest drawback. A VFO (variable frequency oscillator) which allows the operator to dial the transmitting fre* quency fs probably the one late improvement that nul- lifies the increase in power. If your signa! is covered by a stronger station, a simple twist of the wrist and you can transmit somewhere else on the band*

With the addition of a transmitter, the one item that remains is an antenna. Several things wil( determine what your antenna requirements will be. The length of an

eighty meter dipole in most cases makes it a difficult antenna to install. Since the main objective is to keep the cost down, the most logical is a dipole. Not only will this be less expensive, but also the results that are obtained are more satisfying. The prob- lems involved are mainly with the area needed to install a piece of wire in the length required. If you intend to operate at night only, then you can eliminate the pos- sibility of ten and fifteen meters and concentrate on putting up a little over sixty feet of wire- I personally preferred fifteen meters due to lack of noise, less crowds, and less room needed for the antenna. Regardless of which band you choose, you still have to have the antenna-

A unit that has been on the surplus market for years and is now obsolete contains the ingredients plus quite a few little odds and ends that you can have fun with. The old CRT'3 (Gibson Girl) sur-

Best for beginners . . . preferred by pro's!

NYE ViKllUG SPEED-X

1^ ^^ Model 114-310-003

$8.75

One of 6 models^ all sure-handed . .. smooth operating . . . priced from $6.95*

NYE VIKING SUPER SQUEEZE KEY

Fast, comfortable, easy . . , and fun!

Model SSK-t (shown)

$23.95

Model SSK-3 (has sub-base to hold any SPEED-X Key).

$26,95

Whether you Ye a "brass pounder' or a "Side swiper' insist on the sure, smooth feet, and the long-lasting quatfty that is built into every NYE VIKING KEY.

By the man^aciurer af NYE VIKING Low Pass Fillers, Phone Patch&s and Antenna fm- pedence-matchmg Tjners.

Avatlabte at leading dealers or write

WM, M. NYE COMPANY, INC.

t614 - t30lh Ave. N.E., Beilevue. WA 98005 ^4

vivat radio transmitter can be found in almost any junk

yard. If you don't know what one looks like, and you missed seeing Robert Taylor use one in the World War U movie, "Bataan," I shall try to describe one* In kit form it comes in a canvas bag with a lot of accessories: balloons, kite, hydrogen generators, telegrapher's key, parachute material, and antennas. Usually the transmitter is found without the acces- sorles, and can be bought as scrap meuL It has a kidney shape with a folded hand- crank- There is a door on the front case that contains a fully prepared reel of stranded copper wire- If it is a junk unit, the reel is easily removed. It may cost you two or three dollars at the most.

Any other '* buys'* of surplus gear would be a waste of money. Many of the items carried by the surplus dealers are truly bargains^ but not for the Novice, Some test equip-

ment and other units can save you a bunch of money at a later time when knowledge and experience overtake the desire to proceed to higher goals in amateur radio. This not only applies to the Novice, but also to the older group that is presently migrating into amateur radio.

With the equipment listed or other government surplus units, you can get on the air inexpensively and find out if amateur radio is really for yoU- There are many ways to equip the Novice station. This has been but one. There are other pieces of surplus that can be utilized without con- version, but the price elimi- nates the equipment from the bargain category.

The simplest method is to avoid surplus as a Novice, It will save you time and money, ■

Author's note; The December, 1962, issiie of 73 featured a con- version anicie by James M. Stueber W5UOZ, It/s one of the most complete ARR7 conver- sions avaitable.

We have a portable direction finder that REALLY works— on

AM, FM, pulsed signals and random noisel Unique left-right DF allows you to take accurate bearings even on short bursts, with no 180° ambiguity. Its 3 dB antenna ^in and .06 uV typical DF sensitivity allow this crystal-controlled unit to hear and positively track a weak signal at very long ranges-while built-in RF gain control with 120 dB range permits DF to within a few feet of the transmitter.

The DF is battery-powered, can be used with accessory antennas, and is 12/24V for use in vehicles or aircraft. This is a factory -built, guaranteed unit— not a kit. It has been successful in locating malicious interference, as well as hidden ^ans* mitters in "T^hunts/' ELTs, and noise sources in RFl situations.

Prices start at under $175. Write or catl for information on our complete line of portable, airborne, vehicle, and fixed DF systems. _

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Santa Baf tiara, C A 93 1 11

305 967-4859 LTO

211

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Get more fun out of shortwave

listening with this interesting

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frequencies, and tnterferenca.

^y Bob Grove

the order card In the back of this magazina or itenu^e your ords on a separate piece of paper and mail to:

73 Radio Bookshop • Peterborough NH 03458

(B& sure to mdude check or detailed credit card information.} ^

212

PRE AMPS

HIGH GAIN • LOW NOISE

30 dB poiver gam, 2-5 3-0 de N.F, at 150 MHi, 2 stage. R.F. protectad, dual-gat« MOSf ET5. Man- ual gain control and pro- vision for AGC. 4-3/8" x 1-7/8'* X 1-3/S" aluminum case with power twitch and your chtoica of BNC or RCA recflptacles. Available factory tuned to the frequency of yotir choice from 5 MHz to 350 MH2 with appro?<Smatelv 3% bandwidth. Up to 10% B.W. available on special order. Requires 12 VDC @ 10 mA.

Model 201 price (5-200 MHz) $29.95

201-350 MHz , , . , , $34.95

CONVERTERS

2 METERS Thit converter has a mJniniLim of 20 dB gain ancl a noise figure of 2.5 3.0 dB which assures you of a senti- tivity of .1 microvolt or better. The circuit uies

a dual gate MOSFET R.F. stage and a duat- gate MOSFET mfxar (thereby giving you a minimum of cross-modulation products)^ 6 tuned circuits, a bipolar oscillator and .005% crystal. Covers 144-146 MHz at 28-30 MHz output with one crystal included and 146-143 MHz at 28-30 MHz with ar^ extra crystal (available for $6.00 more). The glass epoxy circuit board is enclo^d in a 16 gauge aiuminum case measuring 3-1/2" x 2-1/4*' x 1-1/4'* with your choice of either BNC or RCA receptacles. Also inclyded is a powar and antenna switch. Requires 12 VDC @ IS mA. The converter is alto avattable at othdir input and output frequencies. Call us for prjce&. PRICE: Model C-V44-A avaHable from stock at $39.9 5 with one crystal. Additional crystai $6.00 extra.

HF & VHF

40 dB GAIN 2,5 3.0

N.F.@150IVtHz

2 Rf stages with trafi- sient protected dual- gate MOSFETS give this converter the high gain and low noise you need for receiving very weak signals. The mixer stage Is also a dual-gate MOSFET as it greatly reduces spurious mixing

SYNTHESIZERS

FOR ALL TRANSCEIVERS

The STR series syn- thesizers are available for any transceiver operating from 20 MHi to 475 MHz that uses crystals in the 5 to 85 MHz range. It has a

thumbwheel dial calibrated for your operating frequency plus a selectable transmit offset of plus or minus 600 kHz, plus or niinuis 1 MHz, and 2 spare offsets that you can add later. Frequency accuracy is ,0005% and spurious output$ are 60 to 70 dB down* To process your order we must have the crystst formula of your transmit and receive crystals^ If your transceiver uses 1 crystal for both trans- mitting and feceivtn9 {like the Motorola Metrun^ II), you can u$e our receive synthe sizer de^ribed to the right. Maximum tuning range per synthesizer is 10 MHz above 100 MHz and proportionally less at lower frequen- cies. Dial Fncremients are in I kHz steps from 5 to 30 MHz and 5 kHz steps above. Model STR synthesizer price

^-i oU INn r*! Z ^ .... .*< k*A.*>at*iiw 9^0^i9 9 1 51 -475 MHz , $279.95

yanauard §aBs

VI

196*23 Jamaica Awe. HollisNY 11423 (212^ 468-2720

VJUlOiUICO

EXTRA LOW NOISE

ExceMent for weather satel- lite reception and recom- mended by Dr. Ralph E- Tag^art in his Weather Satellite Handbook. Less than 2 dS noise figure and approximately 17 dB gain. Uses a low noise J'FET in a common source neutralized cir- cuit. Available factory tuned to your choice Of frequency from 135 MHz to 250 MHz- Bandwidth approximately 4 MHz, Supplied in a 2-1/4" X 1-1/8" X 1-3/8" die-cast aluminum weather-proof case with a filter for powering it through the antenna. Requires 12 VDC (P 5 mA. Choice of VHF, type "N'\ or BNC receptacles. Mode) 102W PRICE .,..,. S36.95

products — some by as much as 1O0 d8 over

that obtained with bipolar mixers. A bipolar oscillator using 3rd or 5th overtone plug-in crystals is followed by a harmonic bandpass filter, and where necessary an additional amplifier is used to assure the correct amount of drive to the mixer. Available in your choice of input frequencies from 5-350 MHz and with any output you choose with en this range. The usable bandwidth is approximately 3% of the input frequency with a maximum of 4 MHz. Wider bandwJdths are available on special order. Although any frequency com- bination is possible (Including converting upj best results are obtained if you choose an output frequency not more than 1/3 nor less than 1/20 of the input frequency. Enclosed in a 4-3/8" X 3" x 1-1/4" aluminum cas« with power and antenna transfer switch and your choice of BNC or RCA receptacles. Requires 12 VDC @ 25 mA. Model 40 7 A price: 5-200 MHz *,..-_-,,........,,,. $54.95

201 -360 MHz . _ . . . , S59.95

Prices include .005% crystai. Additional crystals S3. 95 ea.

UHF

20dBIVt1N. GAIN 3T0&dBMAX N.F. This model is similar in appearance to our Model 407 A but uses 2 low noise J-FETS in our specially designed Rf stage which is tuned with high-Q miniature

trimmers. The mixer is a special dual-gate MOSFET made by RCA to meet our require

FOR VHF RECEIVERS

This synthestzer has 8000 channels and can tune a continuous 40 MHz segment of your choice from 110-180 MHz in 5 kHz steps. This will satisfy most of

your requirements in the VHF range and can save you hundreds of dollars in crystals plus a lot of time. Stock units are programmed for receivers with the crystal formula Fc « Fs -10.7 dtvided by 3 but we can program It to almost any other IF at no additional cost at the time of your order. It is supplied with on interface for plugging in to your existing crystal socket. Requires 12 VDC @ 1/2 amp which is easily obtainable from a low cost power supply. The synthesizer has 4 voltage regulators therelore the power supply need not be regulated. Phase noise is not detectable as the VCO is coarse tuned by a DAC thereby easing the requirements of the phase-locked loop. Not affected by vibrations encountered in mobile use. Enclosed in an 8" x 3 7/8" x 1-1/2'* aluminum case and supplied with a combination tilt stand/mobile mounting bracket. price- Model SR 1400 05 ........ . $179.95

NOTE: We can make any synthesizer from audio to 475 MHz, Call us for prices.

UHF 3 TO 5 dB MAX. N.F. 20 dB MiN. POWER GAIN Uses 2 of Tl's low noise J-FETS in our special circuit board design which gives a minimym of 20 dB power gain at 450 MHz. Stability Is such that you can have mismatched loads without It oscil- lating and you can retuna (using the capped openings in tha case) over a 15-20 MHz range simply by peaking the maximum signal Avail- able tuned to the frequency of your choice between 300-550 MHz. 4-3/8" x 1-7/8*' x 1 -3/S" aluminum case with power switch artd your choice of BNC or RCA receptacles. Requires 1 2 VDC @ 10 mA. Model 202 price ...._...,.,,,,.. . $34^95

ments. < it^ oscillator uses 5th overtone crystals to reduce spurious responses and make potiible fewer muHipiiers in the oscilla- tor chain which uses 1200 MHz bipolars for maximum efficiency. Available with your choice of Input frequencqes from 3O0-5S0 MHz and output frequencies from 14-220 MHz. Usable bandwidth is about 1% of the input frequency but can be easily retuned to cover more, Requires 12 VDC @ 30 mA*

Model 408 price . * , , k . , ^ . ♦ $59.95

,005% crystal included

.$149.95 . $159,95

VHF RECEIVER

11 crysLai controlled channels. Available in your choice of frequen- cies from 136 250 MHz in any one segment from 14 MHz wide. I.F. bandwidth (chan- nel selectivity) available in your choice of ±7-5 kHz or Xl 5 kHz. 8 pole quartz filter and a 4-pole ceramic filter gives more than 80 dB rejection at 2X chanriet bandwidth. Phase locked loop detector. Frequency trimmers for each crystal. *2 to .3 microvolt for 20 dB quieting. Dual -gate MOSFETS and integrated circuits. Self-contained speaker and external speaker jack. Mobile mount and tilt stand. Atuminum case, 6" x 7*' x 1 -3/8*'. Model FMR 260-PL price:

135-180 MHz . - ,

181-260 MHz

Price includes one .001% crystal. Additional crystals $8.95 ea. This receiver is recom- mended In Dr, Taggart*s Weather Satellite Handbook.

HOW TO ORDER: AM items on this page are available only from Vanguard Labs, For re- ceivers and converters state model, input and output frequencies, and bandwidth where applicable. For the fatest service call (212) 468-2720 between 9 AM and 4 PM Monday through Friday, except holidays. Your order can be shipped COD by Air Parcel Post. BY MAIL: Send your order to Vanguard Labs. 196 23 Jamaica Avenue. Hotlis, NY 11423 and Include remittarice by postal money order, cashiers check or certified check. Personal checks are also accepted, but banks fiovv require 3 weeks for checks to clear, therefore this will delay your order. Include sales tax if you reside in New York

PURCHASE ORDERS: We accept puTchase orders from US and Canadian government agencies, universities, and AAA rated corpora- tions. Our terms are Net 30 days. FOREIGN ORDERS: Must remit payment in full in US funds ptus postage and insurance fees. If complicated customs forms are re- quired, please forward your order to an import-export agent.

SHIPPING: We ship all our merchandise by insured parcel post or air mail. Special de- livery is also available. Prices include shipping by regular parcel post if you remit with your order. For air mail shipping add $1.00. Postage will be added on all CODs, purchase orders, and foreign orders^

213

Don Kmth N4KC 462 Fjdg^woQd Ave. Fairfidd AL 55064

Try

New Mode!

-- don't let boredom strike

I know exactly how it was. You snatched that

Gettysburg-posimarked en- velope out of the postman's hand, not even giving him a chance to give you the bills and junk mail, lit a streak down the basement steps, and had the filaments warming up while you tore into the thing. And there it was — your own amateur license, complete with totally unpronounceable call letters^ indecipherable signature, and of a size so it wouldn't fit your wallet, no matter how you folded it. In short, It was beautiful !

Then you made that first contact, hand jerking spas- modically on the key, sweat dripping off the end of your nose onto the logbook. And from there, you fell deeper and deeper into the euphoria of amateur radio,

It could be now, though, that you've cooled down a bit Call it the sophomore slump, the ch i I d-and-h is -new- toy syndrome, or whatever, but you've reached a point where you don't really want to talk about the weather with that guy in California or

get another 579 from New jersey. You find "Starsky and Hutch" more interesting than a dead fifteen meter band. And when the ice storm gels your dtpole, you keep forgetting to put it back up.

Recognize your symp- toms?

There are two ways you can go now. Sit there, molting, and let your hobby, rig, and license go down the tubes. Or use a little imagi- nation^ inject some excite- ment back into amateur radio, and have the time of your life — even more fun than when you tore into that envelope from Gettysburg.

I'll bet we've all heard about the fellows who dropped out, letting their licenses lapse, blaming it on "twenty meters went to the dogs," or **l couldn't get my code up for the General," or *1 was just so busy down at the office," With lame ex- cuses like that, no wonder they couldn't muster up any imaginative ways to get some life back into their hobby.

If you will just stop to think about it, you can

probably come up with many ways to perk up your enthu- siasm, and most of them can be accomplished sitting right there in front of the rig. Can't think of any? Read on!

Have you ever checked into a traffic net or relayed a message from a homesick serviceman back home to his Folks? One of the biggest thrills you can have is to hear a tearful mother's voice on the telephone thanking you for letting her know her son or daughter has survived an earthquake. I know from personal experience what satisfaction it is to allow a missionary in a remote South American jungle speak with his family back home. The day-to-day handling of formal messages on the ham bands involves hundreds of ama- teurs in 3 valuable public service activity.

You can find the nets in your area by listening or by sending a self-addressed, stamped envelope, 6" x 9" or larger, to the American Radio Relay League, requesting the net directory. The procedures used can be quickly learned by listening or by reading

several ARRL publications which are available* There are also many slow speed or Novice nets, which offer a great introduction to traffic handling (and some super code practice, too).

Phone patching requires listening and volunteering when appropriate (and, of course, a patch!). The Mili- tary Affiliate Radio System (MARS) offers many a chance to perform a public service.

There are also plenty of special interest nets and round tables. Some specialize in assisting mobile operators, relaying traffic to missionary personnel or to ships at sea. Some are for physicians to assist in medical problems in remote areas. Whether you're interested in politics^ religiofi, parapsychology, ecology, or a technical discussion, you can find somebody with similar interests, either by simply listening, or by watching for blurbs in the radio magazines. You mi^t even send one in yourself. There are even professional group nets, such as attorneys, post office employees, and the like^ who get on the air, not to just talk shop, but to share similar interests and experiences.

Like to play a little chess? There are many games and activities which lend them- selves well to amateur radio. It may be a simple ^me of checkers or the complexity of ** Diplomacy." You may practice your stamp col- lecting or discuss computer science. Practically any other hobby you enjoy can be combined with amateur radio, with the enjoyment multiplied.

Have you thought about experimenting with other modes? RTTY, slow scan or fast scan television, OSCAR, or even CW - all exotic life forms for engineers? Hardly! They are proving to be loads of fun for thousands of us who once thought we could never get the hang of such way-out weirdness. Expen- sive? Not necessarily. Build,

214

find used gear^ scrounge around - getting there is half the fun. And wait until you see that first SSTV picture from the Middle East or good teletype copy from a station in Japan, There are plenty of books available for the beginner in each of these specialized modes, and you will Find that most people already involved like nothing better than to talk about their interests and will be glad to help a newcomer

And thou^ you probably worked pretty hard to get away from that 5 Watt tfm- itaiion on the Citizens Band, you are missing a lot of challenging fun if you don*t give QRP a try. Several QRP rigs have been featured in the various magazines, and more are available commercially: Sure^ it can be frustrating fighting the full gallons with flea power, but when that feilow in Germany gives you a 589 and refuses to believe your 3 Watts input, then you1l know true happiness.

QRP rs sneaky, too, in that it makes you a better, smarter operator and forces you to learn a little about antennas and propagation.

There are a lot of things you can do off the air to get the fun back into your hobby.

You say you haven't built anything since the code practice oscillator when you were working on 5 words per minute? There are plenty of projects that are not only fun to build, but also are so use- ful you'll wonder how you ever did without them. Parts are as reasonable now as I can ever remember, with a friend- ly electronics store on practi- cally every corner. There is no better way to get a firm grasp on the modern tech- nology than to hook some of those funny little things to- gether and see what happens. Even if you only thought a soldering iron was good for burning holes in the carpet, there are kits available that you can put togethe^;^ get a

good idea of how it all works, and have a good piece of gear when youVe finished. I have a friend who tries to start a new project every week. He has never finished one, but he has a ball.

You may get out of the house and join a local club. Very few hams bite, and most are friendly sorts. And your club most likely has interesting programs and speakers, worthwhile fun projects, and maybe even coffee and doughnuts. There is also great satisfaction in participating in club projects, like public service activities, helping plan a hamfest, or presenting a program your- self.

I don't know how you got started, but a lot of us attended formal classes. And classes like ihat need instruc- tors. You? Sure, you can teach! Or maybe set up chairs in the classroom^ work on publicizing the classes, or just help passing out books. Or you could do something on a

smaller scale, like helping an interested prospect in the neighborhood or teaching a scout troop.

As long as youVe volun- teering, raise your hand for the work party at the re- peater site. It's a great way to get to know the locals, learn a little about VHF by doing it, and do a little toward keeping the machine going. And you could also take part in the next disaster drill, too, or maybe help with communi- cations for the motorcycle races, or man the information booth at the shopping center, or accept an operating assign- ment for Field Day, or demonstrate the rig for a school science class. You get the idea.

Then, you could even sit down and write an article about some of your proiects for 73 Magazine.

And then, if you can possibly find the time, you could sit down at the rig and have a good old-fashioned rag chew, ■

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Exceltefit for Ham Communica!pons,

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Now you can cover both bands in one unii with ihesfi new low cost amplifiprs by UHF Industries, AH units are buitr tot rugged performance uriiizint? a dRSEqn capabli^ pt withstanding infinite VSWR at aH phase angh^s when operated ai rated power and supply voUage- Each unit has autonnatir. T R swirchmq and a unirjutj microsinfi reliiy thar results m pract^caiily j'cro recejve toss and neti^itjiljff.^ mjsmiatch m *?<ther ih^ input or ouiput (me^ durinq tran^miT All uniis feature a compact dp^ifm imti easy in^taUiilmn

h

BUY DIRECT MOW AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OUR SPECIAL IWTRODUCTORY OFFER:

SPECIAL

MODEL

2m POWER

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REGlJiAR

INTROOUCTORV

i^.

IfiPUT

1.5 watti

OUTPUT 15 watti

AMATEUR NET S 69 SO

OFFER*

215

S 59.50

2-40

T.S wain

40 waits

129 SO

109.50

1S-40

15 wait!

40w^tis

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20 wntf

80 watts

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A) I oFderi should »fidudc Sl.50 fw shipping ^d hand li rig. Mictii^^ r«sj<lent$ add 4% ttati u!«f tiX,

'0*fer eKpir« NcHrember 31, 1977.

for ordenng and inforrnanon on other UHF Indusuiei products, see vour local dealer or wfiift: UHF Indu&tnui, Inc.

840 E. Gun n Road

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215

73 Magazine Staff

Build

Useful

HF Receiver

-- Novice special

It is interesting to note how events son:^etimes go around full circle in the amah teur radio field. Many years ago, the only way to have an amateur band receiver was to

build one yourself- Then later on, as commercial equipment appeared, most amateurs regarded those who ** rolled" their own receivers as a group of technical geniuses. Build-

J.W. HiLLER a^O£-B

hF MDPULE l-F XMFR (45S KHi)

4 "5

ing a transmitter wasn't too difficult, but building a good receiver was another matter, A crude, crystal-controlled transmitter with p!ug4n coils couid be built with a

SPKft

-^f— 1

£€K

2.7K

/fr

5K VOL

1 \l "^'^ i

Fig, h Complete diagram of the receiver. All transistors are MPF 102 or HEP 802. The l-f transformer comes as part of the /. W, Miller i-f module, L =26 turns #26 on }4" form. Tap at 13 turns (for &15 MHz). Yl = 9,545 kHz (JO MHz WWV). Y2 - 14,545 kHz (15 MHz WWV).

excellent portable

a single

minimum of electri( mechanical workshop facili- ties. But to build a gpod receiver required good test gear and practically machine shop facilities.

Today, with solid state components and PC layout technique, almost any ama- teur can build a receiver with performance matching com- mercial units. For those who would like to start to try their hand at receiver build- ing, this article presents a simple HF utility type re- ceiver. It can be used to monitor WWV, to check specific frequencies in the HF bands, or to monitor station transmissions*

As presented, it is crystal- control ted, although one could add a vfo for con- tinuous tuning of its entire range or of just specific bands. With the addition of an audio-type CW filter, it would make an little receiver for QRP operation.

The receiver is conversi on, su perheterody ne type, with an FET front end, and is crystal-controlled. No bands witching is required when it is used over the 6-1 5 MHz range. Coil usage has been held to a minimum to simplify construction. Con- struction is also facilitated by the use of a sin^e IC for aJI audio amplification and the use of a commercial i-f ampli- fier module.

The schematic for the receiver is shown in Fig* 1, as it would be used for WWV reception. Note that the only switching which has to be done to receive WWV on different frequencies is that necessary to select the appro- priate local oscillator crystals. The frequency coverage can be extendtLi below 6 MHz and above 15 MHz, by using a different coil between the MPF J 02 (HEP 802) rf ampli- fier and mixer stages. Or, in the case of just extending coverage below 6 MHz, a 100-200 pF padding capaci- tor, across the 210 pF variable capacitor shown.

216

should extend coverage down to the 80 meter band.

The MPF 102 rf amptifier stage is untuned at its input. Its main purpose is to keep the antenna from loading down the tuned circuits between the rf amplifier and mixer stages. This single tuned circuit is sufficient to provide reasonable image rejection. The MPF 102 mixer stage and MPF 102 crystal oscillator stage are conventional. The oscillator stage is untuned. This has proven satisfactory for gen- eral reception, using regular miniature HC6/U type, crystals. With some sluggish crystals, the rfc shown in this stage may have to be replaced with a tuned circuit.

The i-f amplifier module is a J.W. Miller type 8902-B. This module is just a two- stage I-f amplifier, complete with all necessary i-f trans- formers, and it also includes an AM diode detector, its use greatly simplifies construe* tion. If one can't find it readily available, a simple substitute is to cannibalize the i-f section from a small transistor portable radio. But, use an i-f section which has at least two stages. The really cheap $5 portables often use only a single i-f stage, and this will not provide sufficient gain for any sort of reason- ably sensitive reception.

The audio amplifier ICisa Motorola MC1306P. This is a neat, inexpensive ($1) IC, which combines a preampli- fier and 14 Watt output amplifier in one package. A minimum of external com- ponents are needed to make it function. If you did "borrow" the i-f strip from a cheap AM portable to build this receiver, don't be tempted to "borrow" the audio section of the AM portable, also. Generally, the quality of such audio sections is horrible, when compared with the clean sound of the MC1306P used with any small, but decent, 8 Ohm speaker.

The phoio shows how the r^eiver was initially laid out

This is the complete receiver^ as assembled on on approximately 4'* x 2" piece of perforated board stock.

on a piece of perforated board stock. Simple point-to- point wiring was used. The layout wasn't planned, but,

rather, construction started on a slightly larger piece of board stock. Starting with the rf amplifier stage, the com- ponents were simply grouped together as closely as possible, as I worked from left to right. The rf and mixer stages were grouped around the interstage coiL The crystal oscillator stage is below the i-f amplifier module, and the af amplifier IC is just to the left of the electrolytic capacitor, shown at the extreme right middle side of the board. When the receiver had been assembled, the oversize perforated board was carefully cut down to its final size.

The tuning capacitor used is a regular BC type and is temporarily shown attached at the left side of the board. The receiver should be mounted in a metal en- closure, and the ground leads used in the receiver should be carefully grounded to the enclosure at several points. Although the receiver did work fine wired as shown in the photo, it probably would be safer, from the viewpoint

of avoiding possible spurious oscillations, to utilize an

isolated pad type of com- ponent mounting/soldering technique. The relatively new Stamp- It, Etch- It kit, sold by Rainbow Electronics (see 73 ads), is a pretty handy way of developing an easy do-it-your- self PC layout for the re- ceiver, if you like to take a bit more time but end up with a more professional- looking PC board.

To use the receiver to monitor SSB transmissions, a product detector and bfo have to be added. The circuit for a suitable product detec- tor/bfo is shown in Fig. 2, It is relatively simple and inex- pensive. If the product detector circuit is added to the receiver using the |,W. Miller i-f module, you have to remove the shield can from the module and Lake the i-f

signal off the first 1N67A, before the diode detector is built into the module. This operation is fairly simple and obvious, if one uses the module, since a diagram comes with it, illustrating the modification. The diode AM detector need not be discon- nected, however. So, one can, if desired, add a switch at the volume control to choose either the output of the product detector or the output of the AM diode detector.

With a mixture of some parts from one's junk box and newly-bought main com- ponents, the receiver can be constructed for about $20, This represents a rather modest cost for a utility*type HF receiver, for which one can find many applications around the shack or in portable use. ■

L*ST I-F

f

if? ■<c

IN6TJV

'r^

45?Khl!:^LSB

1 llf

^" ||h-=^^^^^^

ffi

23

ffJ

T

47K

P

^470

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OUT

RFC

rOmH

f-^ Ympf 102

4TK ^^~^ '

fff

T

I

■*+9^

01

Fig. Z Product detector/bfo, which can be added for SSB reception.

217

Because the sophistica- tion of state-of-the-art radio gear hasn't been matched by improved ham operating practices, it is often essential for an amateur to vent his spleen over the air in one or another of a patterned program of careful com- ments.

And no such commentSp despite the need" for their frequent repetition and the necessity of avoiding actual profanity I are the subjects of any of the "Q'* signals on the traditional list.

I have developed, there* fore, a suggested list of up*

dated state-of-the-opera ting- art "Q** signals intended to lower the blood pressure and restore tranquillity without violating the FCC *'no ob- scenities'' regulation.

There undoubtedly will be others recommended by other hams.

My suggested list^ there- fore. Is open to amendments, revisions, additions and mod- ifications by fellow hams also frustrated by the shortcom- ing of other operators and the traditional list of **Q" signals.

Welcome to recommend

Wake Up

Dead

Repeater !

- - with these new

Q signals

such amendments or revisions are all who have within the past year sat in for even a few minutes on a DX contest, a sweepstakes, or a band open- ing to a rare call area.

Because the purpose of the proposed list is to help vent the emotions sure to be seeth- ing in the modern ham handi-

capped by others' operating techniques, most of the suggested *'0*' signals are assertions, not the bland and polite question-and-response types of the outmoded tradi- tional list.

They are most useful when delivered as commands or comments, with feeling. ■

QXA Hey, dolt, tune up someplace else,

QXB Drop dead, oaf, my dummy load is busted.

QXC Quit calling through his comeback, jerky.

QXD I gotti call long, because I'm running fow povyer to a poor

antenna with a lousy fist*

QXE He's listening up two, but you'd better go down five.

QXF Buzz off, busier. I got here first.

QKG Slow down, f inkie. Your dits sound like ignition noise.

QXH Sp^eed it yp, nipsie. Code practice is over and the band is

going out.

QXl You're working the wrong street, friend* They only use AM

on 27 now,

QXJ Sign, for goodness sakes. I've been waiting 20 minutes to put

your call in the log.

QXK Quit calHng through his comeback, dummies.

QXL Don't expect a card, OM. I don't keep a log.

QXM Don't gimme that exotic call from Illinois, Mac, I could care

less about your state fair station.

QXN Boy^ you gotta lousy fist

QXO I worked him before, anyway.

QXP That ain't hum on me. I'm just blocking your receiver.

QXQ (Expletive deleted — this is the biggy, the quick tension

releaser. It's bad, nasty and very helpful m a crisis. But it should be saved for true crises.)

QXR I told you before, dang it — quit calting through the rare cat's

comeback,

QKS I copied you solid, TOO per cent, OM, but I can't remember

what you said.

QXT Vm not working for my Extra, cuz I don't believe in that

incentive jazz.

QXU AJl solid state here. Someday I'm gonna lift the lid and see

what's inside.

QXV I wish to QXQ you QXOars would quit calling through the

rare guy's comeback.

QXW Nil copy, cut them QXQers keep calling through your

comeback.

oxx

QXY

Tm reporting you blind, cuz through your comeback.

them QXQers keep calling

Guy Slaughter K9AZG 753 W. Elizabeth Dr, Crown Point IN 46307

I distinctly heard a *'G,'* so Vm gonna put you in the log — even though them QXQers keep calling through your comeback*

0X2 Where' d everybody go?

218

Social E/ents

HAZEL PARK IVII DEC 4

The Hazei Park Amatttur Hddto Club IS holding their 12th annual Swap St Shop on Decemtier 4. 1977, at tlie Haze) Park Hifh School Ad- mission is St. 00 at the door Main prize tickets are available from Robert Numerick WB8ZPN, 23737 Courens, Hazel Park Ml 48030. Reserve table space is available from WSaZPN.

NORTH POLE DEC 6 17 The Calgary Amateur Radio Asso- ciation ts pleased to announce "Opera- tion Santa Claus" will be activated a^in this year. Commencing Decem- ber 6 until December T7 inclusive, CAR A will be operating between 0200Z and 0300Z on 3790 kHz and between 03002 and 0400Z on 3910 kHz. These freciuencies are plus or minus QRM. Al that time there will be two statiorts on frequency, a net control station and a Santa Claus Stat ton. ATI caJl5« from amateur sta- tions with chitdren wishing to speak to Saint Nick at the Nortfi Pole, will be accepted. Merry Christmas.

ROYAL OAK Ml JAN 8 The Oak Park Amateur Radio Oub*5 Ninth Annual Swap n' Shop will be Sunday, January 8, 1378, at the Frost Junior High School in Dak Park (north of Nine Mile on ScotfaJ. Talk in on 52/S2* Admission is S2 — ample table space. Hours are from 3 am to 3 pm. Prices and refreshments. For further Into, write to: Lee R I cell! WA8RNB. 118 South Pleasant. Royal Oak Ml 48067.

SOUTH BEND IN JAN 8

A Swap & Shop will be held Jan- uary 8, 1978, at the Mew Century Center In downtown South Bend by river on U.S. 31 Oneway North across from St- Joseph Bank Buifding, Half acre in one large room at ground level of entrances and loading dock. Four lane highways to door from all direc- tions. Talk in on 52-52 and area repfiaters.

RICHMOND VA JAN 15

The Richmond, Virginia, Winierfest will be held on January 15, 1978, at the Son Air Communily Center, spon- sored by the Richmond Amateur Tele- communications Society. ARRL coor- dinated. Technical symposium, draw- ing^ home brewers contest — 2 diyi^ions, oyer IB and under — with framed certificate to winners with Most Original Idea, Best MecfianicaJ and Best Electrical Construction. FCC exams will be administered, startir>g at 10 am — to lake exam, mail Form 610 at least five days prior to Fest to address below. Send SASE if you need Form 610, Commerciaf ejchibits, indoor flea market, S2.00 j table in- cluded), outdoor frostbite tailgate flea market, $1.00. Admission $2, children under 12 free. BATS mem- bers excluded from contest and draw- ing. Talk-in on 2088 and 52 simplex- Richmond Amateur Telecommunica- tions Society, PO Box 1070. Rich- mond VA 23208,

FORT WAYNE IN JAN 22

The annual Fort Wayne Winter

Ham fest will tje held on January 22 at Shiloh Hall, north of Fort Wayne, from 8 am until 4 pm local time. Early parking Is available and 28/^ and 52/52 will be monitofed. This yearly event is sponsored by the Aflen County Amateur Radio Technical Society lAC/ARTS}, Admission is $2,00 at the door. Table space is available at STSO per half table (about 4 feet).

ST JOSEPH MO JAN 31 -MAR 7

The Missouri Western State College Center for Continuing Education ts offering a Novice amateur radio

da$s on Monday evenings^ 7 to 9 pm, January 31 through March 7, at the Engineering Tech, BIdg. 110. 6 meet- tfigs S5.

DAVENPORT I A FEB 26

The Davenport Radio Amateur Club ham fest will be held on February 26, 1978, at the Masonic Temple in Davenport, Iowa. Admission if $2.CX) advance. S2.50 at door. Tafk-in will be on 28/88 and 52 simplex. Tables will be available at S2^0Q each. For info and tickets, write: Dick Lar>e WA0GXC, 116 Park Avenue So>, Eldridge lA 52748.

Ham Help

I'm asking the help of anyone who can help me get started on SSTV. Any help, information, and/or tips will be greatly appreciated.

Steve KetlerWAIWFA

86 Columbus Avenue

West Bridgewater MA 02379

I recently purchased a theater pro- feet ion television system. The problem is that I need a picture tube and service information. The set is built by RCA, model PT-100. The picture tube is a 7NP4 or 7WP4. Neither the tube nor manual are avaiiable.

I realise that your magazine is mostly amateur radio, and while I am not yet a hsm. I do fiave a 1st phone and repair commercial equipment for a living. I also service amateur gear as well. This TV system is not the small home type that was popular years ago and is making a comeback. It k a huge commerciai projection set that is often used to present fights and races in movie theaters- This tan it is quite

old. so there are no parts or info available today, H'i a very impressive piece of gear, and I would [ove to make it work again. I never plan to use it commercially, i feei that some reader of your magazine might be able to help me get this monster going.

Bntce Gentry

624 Pfymotith Ave.

Matty dale NY 13211

I am a reader of 73, am not a ham (yet), but need help. The help I need is the answer to this question: Where can I buy a good^ used "pan adapter" — that Is, an oscilloscope device which visually displays alt signals on a 30a500 kHz band? I would conndef a new one, if it' wouldn't cost the moon. My receiver is a National HRO 600, Any ideas?

Lawrence J. Gutter

President

Chicagoland Broadcasters, Inc.

2622 W. Peterson Ave.

Chicago IL 60659

1465 WELLS STATION ROAD

MEMPHIS, TENN. 38108 PH (901) 683-9125—685-8461

Authorized Deater

DRAKE— ICOM^-KENWOOD REGENCY— TEMPO— DENTRON

CALL OR WRITE FOR BEST DEAL

A SMALL in FOR 20?

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FquT 12' taeliwhip elficcients on a 10 W boom were found to give maximum direc- tivity in minimum size. Ldb Periodic feed (ives big &nieniui bandwidth and effl- cLeiicyi 4 ell^mentfl eive « njirrovv Corwrnrd lobe,

&aef up twenty zninutui out of the box -*^ needs no tumnjt <tt nutcbLnf. With wrisht under tO lb., wind atrm under 1 •■ [. n#edji unly llihtest TV rotAtoT. tcnp E^pe for optiiAUni 70' hctfllt, Id«»l lof porUMr, em#rivii£y* Ml^U.

Gain S dbi. tpi Bdh. VSWR max. 1.5 14-14.4 MH^- *1 49.50 from

Island Antennas Block Island, R I 02807

SA5E tat info, duestionti Aittwer«d. (^9'

CONNECTOR ASSORTMENT

$25.00

Postpaid Includes: 5 -1^259.

$23.50 ^*^^

loriof tfifee

2 * PLZSe, I - DM, I

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Afretior. r , . r <- » i

Send for rre^ C-sfflloq

CDAKIT

P.O. Box to I -A

Dumonf, N, J. 07628

Circle C2I on Reader Service Card

219

WUR HAM TUn HSMQUAHTenS i

TUBES BOUGHT. SOLD AND TRADED

SAVE ^S - HIGH SSS FOR YOUR TUBES

10.30 813 18.00 6146B 4.95 6360 3.75 68838 5.2S 8122 51.00 3236 22 00 8908 5.25 8980 4.75

MONTHLY SPECIALS

3CX1000A7/8283 $285.00 81 1A

3CX1 500A7/8B77 240.00

3-500Z 58.00

3-1000Z 145.00

4-1 25A 42.00

4-400A 48.00

4 tOOOA 198.00

4CX250B 27.S0

572B 24.00

The intelligent Ham alternattve to CB Two meter mobile 40 watt rf power transistor 2N60S4 - $16.00

Eimac Tubes & Accessor/es In Stock Write or phone for types not Its ted

BRAND NEW****FACTORY GUARANTEED

TOP BRAND PopuJar Recmving Tube Types. BRAND NEW 72% Off List* Factory Boxed. FREE LIST Available — Includes full line of RF Powjer Transis- tors. Minimum Order $25,

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2115 Avenue X

Brooklyn, NY 11235

Phone (212) 646-6300

SEaVINC THe INDUSTRY SINCE 1922

HIGH PERFORMANCE SMOKE DETECTOR

HIGH PERFOItMANCE SMOKE DETECTOR NOW - <al an Exlrqordirtary $23,00 5eving«. Li it pHi^e $49.95 &ur ipeciol sale price only $26^95 Postpciid to yaur eloor. The Coie for hoine and office Smoke Defeciors h Qwetwhelming: (1 J Fire Spreodt 1 100% in the first 4 minutei. (2) 74% of dwelMng victims die up&tairs ffom downstairf Hret. (3) Mo it home fires start betweeii midnight and 6 A.M. while the family steeps. (4} Someone't home burns every 55 seconds. These ond other focts are compelting mjIMons of wi$e Americans to protect their families etnd homes ogainst the horrible consequences of fire. Smoke Detectors ore now required for oil new re^tdentiol occuponeiei. With UL listed High Performonce Detectors, you con comply. Free Catolog. HURRY — Supply limited^ prazer ^ Assoctates Consulting EngineerSp 1888 Century Park :, Century City, CA 90067, F?

How You Can Convert Your Rohn

25G Tower to a FOLD -OVER

CHANGE, ADJUST OR JUST PLAIN WORK ON YOUR ANTENNA AND NEVER LEAVE THE

If you have a Rohn 25G Tower, you can convert it to a Fold-over by simply using a conversion kit. On buy an inexpensive standard Rohn 25G tower now and convert to a Fold-over later.

Rohn Fold-overs allow you to work completely on the ground when installing or servicing antennas or rotors. This eliminates the fear of climbing and working at heights. Use the tower that reduces the need to climb. When you need to ""get at" your antenna . . . just turn the handle and there it is, Rohn Fold-overs offer un- beatable utility.

Yes! You can convert to a Fold'Over. Check with your distributor for a kit now and keep your feet on the ground,

AT ROHN YOU GET THE BEST

Do not attempt to raise antenna or antonna support near power lines— You can bo KILLED.

Unarco-Rohn

Ofvisnn of Unarco Ifvlustrtes. inc. RO. Boic2000,Peona, Uiifiois6i€ai

U2

220

ANNOUNCING-A New Generation of VHF/UHF

FM RECEIVER KITS

More Sensitive, More SetecUve, Baaer to Buitd, Smaller Than Ever Before .' CHECK THESE FEATURES-

'HHower system cost ^han ever before

i(tfleft&r sefectivify, 70"80 cJB adjacen)- cKiatinq'l, over 100 dB wifh cryshal fiftor option

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# Lotest dedgn ^ new ea^y-tu-wtnd high Q coik, compartmentized ihieldTfig

#£aiiy lo buiMf lest clrcuih o^ board allow tun« up mth on)^ si0 gen & vfvm

VHF MODEL R70 S69.95

• Aval ruble for 2M^ M^^ lOM^ 220 MHz J. or com^f bonds

• Sensitivity 0.4uV for 20 dB OpHonaf Crypto f Filter Kit $10 Channel Crystals $5.95 ea

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• For ony 2 MHz segment of the 380-520 MHz range

• Sensitivity 0,8uV OpHonal cjyitol filter kit SID Channel cry [hi Is SS.?Sea

'i^ f -^

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These new CONVERTER KITS

let you receive OSCAR signals and other exciting VHF& UHF activity on your present HF receiver.

eirher one

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including crystal

MODEL RF RANGE fMHZ) IF RANGE

C50

C144 C145 C!46 C220 Special

50-52 26*30

144-146 28-30

145-147 2a-30

146-143 28-30

p/o 220-230 28-30

Other rf & i -f ranges om a vat table on special request

MODEL

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RF RANGE (MHZ) IF RANGE

432-434 28-30

435-437 28-30

439,25 (ATV) 61.25

Other rf & iHF ranges ore avoMobFe on special request

An extnjded olumjnum case is avoiloble fof vhf and vhf converters ot $12,95, inclLKJTng connectors nnd hordwnre.

TEST PROBE KITS

only $9,95 eo

Contain scope ^P^ pro^e, ground clip, cable, &^ all compoaenls encepf plug for fest equipment.

TE^S RF Detector l*Pobe for vtvm; good from

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signal generator, etc^ TE'*7 Wideband Detector Probe for scopes TE-fl High Z/Low Capacitance scope probe

^FREE 1978 CATALOG

h yours for the aslcTiig. NEW 40 poge oatofog give* detaiU on tbese and other kitt, including scanner addpter$, receiver multicouplers^ NPC power Kipp-

liesi. M-tec^ PA'i, CES tone pods & mics, Hy-GoTn HT'$ & hf rig$, & antennas. GET YOURS TODAYJ^

FREE SHIPPING ON LARGE STOCK OF ANTENNASlli We fiow offer free delivery oF Cushcmft, Larsen, & Hy^-Gain ontennas in the 48 slates. Popular models ^ch os Rifigo Rdn§er?, VHF & tribond beams, magnet mount vrhips, hF vertioolj, njbber duckies ^ Tightntrig orrestors, Reyco traps, W2AU & Hy-Gain boluns. Coll or write NOWI We' I J be glad to send free catalogs.

/

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ISa-B Belmont Rd; Rach ester, NY 14612

Dealer Inquiries Invifed H16

IN CANADA?

Send order to COMTEC; 5605 Westluke Ave.; Monfreol, Que H4W 2N3 or coll 514-482-2640. Add 28% to prices shown above to cover customs duty, exchange note, and Federal tax.

These low noise PREAMPS lef you hear the weak ones!

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P16 Wired S2T.95 Miniature model for tight spoces - or\\y }/2 a 2-3/a inches

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MODEL

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RANGE

20-93 MHz 83-190 MHz 220-230 MHz GWe exact bond

P9 KIT P 1 4 Wir^d

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MODEL

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RANGE

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K^

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• Covers ony 6 MHz band in bond In range of 380*^0 MHz

• 20 dB gain

FM/CW TRANSMITTER KITS

200 MW EJCCiTER MODULE KITS T40 Eleven Ownnel Exciter Kit for 2M or 6M

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ff rffffff rrrrrrrr

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Irs Eosy To Order!

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♦ PHONE 716-663-9254. (Answering lervTce foe evenings and weekends for yoor convenience* Perioiwl service 9-S eastern,)

#U^e credit cord, COD, cheeky m.o.

♦ Add $2,00 shlppln9 & bondling.

221

1977 Index

* f ■ » *

AMPLIFIERS

Tlie Final Feeder » *

Build 3 kW Linear

Biiild A Gefiefai Purpose Preamp . . . . &oost Your TR22I , . .

ANTENNAS

What's the 6est Anlenm for 160? . *

No-Wire Arvtenrta Switch

Th« Mighty Magnet Moijni Antenna *

Antenna Magic

Tur>e Up a Randonrt Wire ..,,,,,.. Remembfif the Windoml . . * . The Agonies o1 Tower Raising . The Boom less Microbeam . . . * .

The Downspout Venical

A Combiner ior Your 2m Whip

Improving the Dipole

Build a DDRR for Your Mobile

Qyicic Vertical ..,,,,« , ,

The London Bus Tuner .♦.+>,

Try a Conduit Vertical

Introducing Autotrak! .....

Dual Rhombic for VHF^UHF Ccnterfed Specials ..*,.,.. Build a Doiible Bazooka ....

Din Cheap DirecilonaT Array Take Cover! .,,,,,.,,,,,, Introducing ^he Intenna ....

The Zeppv Vertical .......

A Cure for Antenna Self-Destruct Quick Antenna Insulators ....

Raising A Tower?

Stqser Loop Arttenna .......

Rock Bottom 2m Antenna , . .

Antenna Gain Facts

The 8JK Array Hevisited

Tower Installation Techniques An Ultimafte Invisible Antenna Mountaintop Special Antenna Fiery £ndfed ...,.....,.,. Buitd A Vacation Special , , . . Apartment Antenna Specials ,

Mobile Antenna Tips , .

Home Brew Tilt-Over .

Try A Trapped Dipole ......

^tovice Antenna Specials ....

A Kilowatt Altemative ,,..,. Wddifig Rod Special Antenna

m <M m m

WA90ZC . . .W6DL , W4NVK WA2INM

,.A,.,... W5USM

WAiNUX

........WAIPDY

., WBOHAF

. VK60X/VK62EH ..W8HXR WA2CGA Staff

■i ^ * k

P i 1- P

* * ■ * »

KSANG

ZL2AMJ

, . .Staff

W5UKL/0

, .,,,WB0KTH *5taff

WBSDVV

,,.,,.. W9CGI .^...WeOMfl

K4MDK

«*f<^*«*« K4KI « .^ * » > WA4oi\0

WB5ASA

, , Norman

K5GP

. , W9TKR . WB9JXU .WA7URL , , ,W2FEZ . . . .W8FX , . W50BR .W3ZVT/4 . , . . W9JT . WfiSMS V . . W9VZR WA6NCX/1 . , , .W8FX . WA2ALT . , .W2FEZ , . W4IVIEA .,,K4tFH ,..W2FE2 WB0KTH/4 ..-WA5TSJ

ATV

Have You Tried Television? WB4KTY

Ir^terested In Television? W88DQT

CALCULATORS

Tanks A LotI , WA9GUK

Inside the SR'52 . , , .WA6THG

CB

CB Can Do Some Things Better ..,..,,, Norman

Those Illegal CB Channels K8ANG

CB to TO - A Legal Alternative (Part I) ,..„,.... W4NVH

CB to 10 - A Legal Alternative (Pat llj W4NVH

At Lastl A 10m Sand Plan ..,„_„WA4MFT

Harm Profit From CS * , , , ,*.,**.. Norman

Cfl to 10 " Pm y I . . . ... VE7CHI

C8 to 10 - Part IV . . . . , _ .WB4EQU. Norman

C8 to 10 - Part V K5UKH

CB to 10 - Part VI K6UKH

CB to 10 - Part VII , , _ . WBSCLF

CLOCKS

The Super Dock . WA1 UFE

Digital Clock Fail Safe , . . . WB6HJQ

Battery Bacl<up for Digital Clocl^s .WA2EJT

Clocking Those Clocl^ Kits W6SWZ

91 112

98 200

44

142

168

174

124

118

126

134

55

119

156

92

117

56

SO

46

24

30

36

40

44

46

47

48

49

50

52

54

55

56

58

59

60

01

02

64

160

30

107

110

66

179

116 164

182

198

58

150

106

162

71

72

98

101

104

120

122

86

168 123 148

Apr

Aug Nov Dec

Jart

Jan

Jan

Feb

Mar

Mar

Mar

Apr

Apr

Apr

May

May

Jun

Jun

Jul

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Au$

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Sep

Oct

Oct

Oct

D^

IVlay Oct

Dec Oec

Mar

Apr

May

May

Jun

Jul

Jul

Jul

Jyl

Dec

Dec

Apr

Jul

Dec

Dec

Hufco Counter Kit -

Inside Ten-Tec ... . . . ...*....

SS8 For the "Frog" ...*....*

High-Band Your KDK . . ,

CONSTRUCTION

Art and tbe PC Board , ,.....,.

Where You Can't Solder or Weld ,

Gh/eThat Professional Look to Your Home Brew Equipment ,♦*♦.....*

Instant PC Boards » . ......>.«.. ^ .,<-.

M^ Icing Your Own PC Boards — Part I , Do- It- Yourself Photosensitizing ..,,,» Making Your Own PC Boards - Part II

Save Your Old Speakers

Fight fnfiationi Suild It Yourseifl - . . .

Sheet Metal Brake

The (C-PC Correction , . . ,

New PC Techniques Unveiledl

Solder Soldier . . .

Build A S2 Drill

Instant Spares .,.*.....<

PC Layout Tips ,

Beat the PC Shortage .... Identify That Transformer The Third Hand ..,..,., Design A Circuit Designer I ,..♦,.. Remote l^onitor for Your Scanner . Build An Engine Analyzer .,,,... How About An Auto CQ?

CONTROL

Complete Repeater Control Syste?n , The Morse Clock ,.,,,. Rotary Auto patch Dialer Subaudible Tone Encoder ....

Low Cost Tone Decoder , , ,

A Single Tone Can Do It ..... More Repeater Control Devices

A A A HI

WA2LPS , . K4MDK

W2PMX

* . » « I. * . I

• r • & t

■ k » I

,,,,.W7RXV . . , .WA4VWY

.... McOelian Minchow . . , Smith ..KL7AE . . . Smith

. . , miiff

. W3KQM . W6QIR WA60AA WB5DEP . WTZOA K7AGI

W4ATE

.... .WBiLUl .... .Stanf ieM ,,..., .Tenny , _ . . _ Miller . I . . . • I . wiarT

K1CCK

WABTHG/'KHe K4TSY

.m. a ■»■ !k

'» ■',§<» *

COUNTERS Current-Saver Counter Display , . , . . Selecting a Fre<iuencv Counter , . . . . Buikj A Multiplying Prascaler ......

■■#■ *««vni aw rv / f \J f

,,.., K3JE/2

COMMERCIAL GEAR Using the Adas Transceiver ,

Suff t46 Aug

Otf

QLF? Not With the Great LakesSideswipefl FCC^ Approved Microprocessor . , Learn A New Language ,.,,,,,

Svtid This CW Fitter ,

CW Keycoder improvements . . h

Noise Rejector , ,

ftegenefntid CW . .

DIGITAL Digital Bargain Hunting ..........

CMOS Oscillators ..,.,._.**

Digitat Synthesizer ...,...>,

Digital to Audk) Decoder .........

Synthesize Youraetf I ....«....,».

Digital Signal Source «

GADGETS

The Polarity Changers . . . . .

Carbonize Your Crystal . . - ,

Son of the Overload Relay ........

Ham Phone Answering Service . . .. . Give the Ham burglar Heart Faifure . , You Can Sound Better With Speech

Build Your Own Car Regulator .

Sending HI .,,*,. .,.,,,,

Remote Rain Gauge . . ....♦.*...

Build a Unique Timer

Build a Phorve Exchange

Build a Beeper Alarm

Sound Operated Re^ay , .

Simple Electronic Siren ,..,.....

Straining the Wind

Photoelectric Bench Acc^sory .... FUdier Foi^er Car Alarm . , . .

., W6VX . KSNQW We0KTH VE3EXA WBdQFR WB6ZYK .... Staff

. W8KBC WB5DEP . .W9CGI

Pachofok ..WlHCl . K7HKL

Staff

. ,. ..weewxD

WB8VQD,WBSMGH^

. WA5KPG

WB5DEP

...,,,.... W8LWS

WA3AJR

..!,...«.. ..1 ifvioore , WA4SAM

, weaoQT

K4DHC .. Staff

...W3K8y

. . .W86THJ

■b ■' r ta fan

i a- ¥ * W it * k

182

144 177

32 1^

28

64

136

57

58

109

144

76

81

178

82

120

123

152

48

51

120

152

174

46

142

174 128 132

44 100 52 55 15B 116 1S2

148 60 124 178 182 150

108 134 140 144 148 36

42

160

90

51

66

76

63

114

176

135

196

206

Mov Dec

Dec Dec

Jan Jan

Fel>

Feb

Mar

Apr

Apr

May

May

Jufi

Jun

Jun

Aug

Aug

Aug

Aug

Oct

Oct

Oct

Oct

Ho^

Dec

Dec

. . W4V6Z

1T8

Jun

.WA1MXV

54

Jul

.WA1MXV

172

Aug

.. W41NFR

52

Oct

. weavsz

178

Nov

. . .W7JSW

184

Nov

. . .W7JSW

50

Dec

Jun M M

Mar

Mar

May

Jun

Aug

Sap

Dec

Jun

Jul

Jul

Oct

Oct

Dec

Jan Jan

Jan Jan Jan Feb

Feb Mar May Aug Aug Aug Oct Oct Oct Nov ucc Dec

222

HISTORY

Pfteairn Island . i --........ .

The History of Ham Radio — Part I ,

10 and T 1 Meier Predictions

Shoot the Moon! *.......,..,,..

The HSstorv of Ham Radio - Part II The History of Ham Radio - Part III The W18B Story

I f ■ f «

....VR6TC

. , . , Nelson

K3BPP

.. . W9CI

, , . wgct

WB1ASL

The Histofv of Ham Radio - Part JV . . , W9CI

8ig Bust in Amarillo * , * .Staff

Electronics Study Guide ,,,,..,,„.,,, Wiison

The History of Ham Radio - Part V , , , , , . . * . W9CI

HUMOR

The UFO Connection ,.,.....,.. Dear Good Buddy ..,,,....*...

The HAPPY FLYERS , ,,

Retire to Ham Heaven ......

Let's Use EnQlish ,

The Ham Radio Oassroom , ,

Things Remembered ,,,».,.,,,,,

QSL Tips .Barrack

■ A * A H

. K8NQN

....... ..W7IDF

..WB&CQW

. KOWTM/OABCV

WAIGFJ

..,..,.. W4LLR W8LUX

The First Step ..<*..,.....«..

Fool the Wire Wizard

Right Way, Wrong Way, Navy Way Liviiig With the Family Ham , , , , Wake Up A Dead Repeater! . . . , ,

p p p ■

+ fr * * ^ -

-P F ■ 4)

,.W2FEZ Simmons , KBDZY WA4W2L . K9AZG

m

The TTL One Shot , ,W88YJ£

Mow Do You Use lCs7 - Part VI WA2SUT/NNN02VB

Logical Storage for Logic Stanfield

How Counter ICs Work , . , .WB5IR Y

Leading Zero Suppnessioo * W6AVL

TTL Techniques ....__ WB&IH Y

Try Power Sa«f Logic , WB5DEP

An B2S23 PROM Programmerf ...*... W82CZL

How Do You Use ICs? - Part VII .... WA2SUT/ISJNNSIZVB How Do You Use ICs? - Part VIM . . . . WA2SUT/NNN02VB Finallyr A Simple PRQ1V1 Burner , W7JSW

V V ^ + + -

- - *• r * !•#

I/O

Go Forth ami Multiply! . . .

How to Fifid a Forgetful Memory , , , ,

A Super Log ,......,»...

Short On M^morv? ,.,,.,,.-,,,.,*, A Software Replacement for the Muffin

1 ,000 WPM Morse Code Typer

It Works! The First Time! .,,,».,,.. Computerised Satellite Tracking . . , , . Building the Folymorphics Video Board

RTTY Goes Modern * . . .

How to Use Tho^ Old Teletypes . . . . * High Quality Video Display Save Time wtth a Micro OS Interrupts Explalnedt , , « *

CW for the 6000

Computer Controlled Thermometer . . Let BASIC Control Your N^xt Contest Aim Your Antenr^a With a Micro . , . .

Dipole Designer Program . . . t - 1 .

Software Control Computer Logger

Troubleshooting A Micro . , . . .

S. D. Sates Z 80 Review *.*..***

Receive CW With A KIM

Build This SSTV Pattern Generator Super Baud Bumper ,.,.,»,..,. Decode Morse .................

Futureshot ..**,*..,,...,...,,

Try A Micro Contest Logger . .

Computer i7ed Global Calcuiattorts . Micro Meets JANET - . .

Far*

# * * * *

. ^ A a -.

•!->««

...W1HCI . VE3DWC . WA7SCe . W62ZCF . WA1FEF .We2DFA .WB4WRH . .WB0JHS . WB6JKM . WB6QFA . . .K7YZZ WA8VNP , Ferguson, Ferguson ,,,♦*♦, . , ZLTTRM

.WA4TMZ

WB9LSS

.......... Whipple

W4PWF, WA2TMT/4

.- -«..... K/S8K

WASVNP

...WAIUOU

......,*. WB4KE0

......... WA2INM

.W63GCP. WB8VQD K7SaK

_, . WB4GXE

WB9KPT

. . . KH6GMP

, , VE3EKR

.W5HK/9. WSBWXM

I ■■ « 4 n

KEYERS

Contest Special Keyer - . . . .WA2KU0

Build the World's Simplest Keyer Ring

MISCELLANEOUS

An Automatic Thermostat ....,,,.. „ . , Wt HCI

Pracircal Solar Cell Poww .W2EUP

The Jufik Box a^ sn Art Form .................. . W8G f

Revisiting the COR .W7 JSW

The Hidden Charigef WB8IMY

28

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Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan

C- ■< V -V

tC Compresor- Expander

Are You Realty Insured?

Getting a Patent - Is It Really Worthwhile?

Arinoundng the PCF , . , ,

What About Surplus Nicads? ..♦,,,.. _ ,

The Phantom Exposed * ♦

Harness the Wind , , ,

Headphone Jack Adapter ....,.,,.,.,,,.,...

Automatic Taping Unit

Event Timer With Memory , , . .

Regulated Nicad Charger Instant QSO Recall Syst^D

Goolirtg Your Relays

Hang Ten

Radio Equipment Insurance Information Management System

QRZ- P^K4| . ...

V€6 OXer Teirs AH1

Run, Sheila, Run* , , ,

Roll Your Own QSL Cards

Glkte On Six

Beat the Books ,.*.....*

The Rescue

Call Letter Gouger ......

QRM on the Moon?

. . . . ri .

♦ * * + -

• * * .*

+ * + *

****** r

- * i * *

....Staff . .W9KXJ . W2WLR

. WA6PTM . .W9JTQ .... Bach WA1LET WA0VHX .2L2AMJ WA3VPZ . K7HKL . W4GKF . K8ANG . K8ANG WA9PDS , K4MDK . W9CQD ..VESNS

.weniFF

. .G3W0I

WB3BaO WB9YKR .WA6LJL WB6JYK . W4NVK

MOBILE/PORTABLE KsBflirig the Wind Dowyn *..••,,.

Drive More Sa^ly with a Mobile Driver . ^

Frustrating the Thieves ,.,,,,.,.

Automatic Autopatch Release ......

Emergency 91 1 System

Curing Mobile Noise Miseries

Add Class to Your Mobile » , . . . ,

Hamming the Biiggy Sweepstakes .... The Carbon Marvel .......,.,.,...

Motorcyde Mobile ,,.,,.-,_,

Vehicle Security Systems

Digital Timer Goes Mobile .........

Remote Speaker Mtke for Your HT . .

f. . . » .

. WBBAZP ...W7JSW .WBOGGT /WAIRTD .WA2RX0 . .. G3Bm . WSflHEE . WA2U0S .. W1SNN .WA4LWY . WB5DEP . . K70CM , , W2DNY

A**t-4«*tv

^ M * * *

. . -i .

♦ *■»•»»

OPERAT

Ten Meters: Dead or Alive? Repeaters in New Zealand Talk About OX -WOW! .

Phone Patch Tips , , ,

When the Lights Go Out

W.A.S, - Easily f ............

Attache' Case Portable

Mastering Network Operations . Traffic Handling Explained . . .

Try BC3DXI _

German Amateur Procedures . . The DA4FB Story ,,...,.... Try A Topical CQ . . Try A New Mods! .

OSCAR

Build the Qmni-GSGAR I , . . . .

Get Set For OSCAR 8

Build An OSCAR 2m Transvertef . . . . .

Predicting OSCAR Propagation , . .

Try OSCAR Mobile , .

Tic Tac Touchtone ...«^.._^..

Visual OSCAR Finder

Cheap Ears For OSCAR ............

Track OSCAR With Your SR'52 .....

Try A T-R For OSCAR 8

Track OSCAR In Real Time .....

Logical Thoughts About OSCAR

OSCAR DX

OSCAR Frequericy Relationships . , , . ,

Calculate OSCAR Orbits

CB to OSCAR

Track OSCAR 8? ......

Build A 2m Power Amp ............

....... ,.2L2AMJ

W7IDF

...WBBMXD

........ lnfD3rtort

. W7FGD

, . .N4AL/WB4SCN

,WB4EZM

WB2YKG

.WS2BJH .WaCM/5 WB4EWX/DA1KD ........ K4GRT

1 r * * *

- * * * *

.■!*■«■

..K20VS . W3HUC .. W2GN ,.G3lOft . . W2GN ..W9CGI WB2BWJ . . W9CGI .,W6UIX . .W9CGI ....W9U . OA6AD . W3TMZ .WIZAW VE78GX .,W9CGI . K2ZR0 .W4MNW

nm ■* w *

POWER SUPPLY Dirt Cheap Regulation * . . . ^ .

Tlie Chintzy 12

Super Low Voltage Power Suppfy Inexpensive Variable DC Supply Wind Your Own .............

practical P,S. Design ,,..,...,. A Battery Volta^ Monitor .....

i. k * • *

. . .W3GAT/2 .... WtOOP . . . VE3CWY . . . . W9V2R ..... KSV I R . .,WA6JMM . . Hawkinson

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Jup

Jun

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D«c

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Jan

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110

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100

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84

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52

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223

Instant PS Regulaiion . . BuHd A Brute Power Supply ^ . UniQue Po^vef Supply Tester . , Light Up Your B$nch -,„,*,,, Adjustable Bench Supply . ^ * .* Build fl Noise-free Power Supply

l-t-Hd-l-IVI I

W3MR

-..,.. WB4QLW

Ik W9Ht/A

WA3VGT

. K4DHC

■m -i 1m r * * -

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RECEIVERS

The Minioom Receiver ,.,.,.....

High Ffequency Utility Cbnw«rtef ...,..,.*....

Yaemi f RG-7 ltripr«ssions . , , ,,.,.., , . ,

Recyde Your Recelvef .♦..*,,,

Build A Useful HF Receiver .....<..,..,**,.*.

. K4DHC . K40HC . , , W5JJ . W9VZR , , ♦ .Staff

RTTY

PROM Message Generator for RTTY

RTTY? What's That? . . .

An imeliigem RTTY Station ,

The 60 WPM Conversion ....

Stop Thai Autostart

Computerized RTTY Takeover! . . . All- Electro nic SELCAL ....,,.,. RTTY Scratchpad Memory _ _ . , So Yoi; Want to Get Into RTTY? . . Design Ari Active RTTY Filtef ... , Moving Display RTTY Readout . . ,

RTTYSWUng

RTTY Local Loop . . , , .

Try the RTTY Reader ..*..•,,,-

Organize Your RTTY Pix . .

Build A RTTY Message Generator .

FSK for the Drake *

Baudot to ASCII Converter Digital Group RTTY Micro

RTTY Test Station , .

RTTY With the KIM

FSKfof theFT'101

Build A Drift-free T.U, ... RTTY CRT Tuning Indicator Cassette-Aided CW md RTTY RTTY RKB-l Revisited! ,. . Try Your KIM-1 On RTTY ,

1- e- « -B

« I 1 + •

* -« * * t

.WB4EHG

WA6CPP/WA7PEI

WB2MPZ

WA5EVH

WB2MPZ

. , _ .\/E3GSP

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.. .. WB8SWH

. WA2MOT/WT2AAG

. , * . * .wB5lR.Y „.,, W3JJU, Cannon

..._,._ WB9CNE

, WB8DMC

. VE4C1V] . K2A0U , . W2FJT . K4GCM . ,W60JF VE7DaK ...W9IF

Staff

. , . W9IF WA&DXP

* H i ¥ '

4 * t fc -

SATELLITE Weather Satellite Siniulator .......

Predict rhe Weather' . . -,-,,, -...»,, Saielliie Zapper . , , . . «>« .,,,,... Eye On the Weather? ............

„.,.W9CG1

, , . WB80QT . . . WB8DQT . . .WA4WDL

SSTV

SSTV Test Generator WA6VV L

Double Sideband: Something New? .K7YZZ

SSTV Slalom Game . , , K4TWJ

SSTV Meets the SWTP ^00 _ . . , , . .K6AEP

Robot 400 Scan Converter Details _ . . WBBOQT

Title Yoiff Pix With A Micro ..,...,,. K6AEP

SURPLUS

Uncle Sam'$ Surplus List ........

Interest in Mail Order?

Stsrplus Goodies Are Still ArouruJ .

Buying Surplys ,.....,

How To Btiy Surplus Parts , . . . . Surplus Goodies . , . . .

4 « V » I!

..WA7NEV . . Anderton

Moak

,.. W20LU ..McClellvi . ..ViLlastrigo

TEST GEAR

The "New" 88 Ctiatinel !C'22 ._,.,_. WA60AZ

Mod for the Heath 10-1 02 Scope .,.*..... WB4MYL

A Simple RC Substitution Box Staff

A 1 5-75 kHz Oscillator ,.,♦,»,,*.... XEICMB

See Yourself Talk ,..*,...,., , #> • •* • * . * , VK5YH

You At ready Have an Atomic Frequency

Stanoand * . . » i^ . ^ * * . i^ . # « . . * « « .,.«»,..*... WDBASL

DVMs Get Simpler and Simpler McDellan

The Capacitor Comparator WB4MYL

The Speedy Audio Counter , . . W4JYW

The Oily Resistor Wattmeter WAIPDV

The Easy Ammeter ......................... .VE3FEZ

Inside the Bird .*»,.,,,.....,,..* . * . W6YUY

Huming Noise , W6HVP

World's Smallest Com inuitY Tester , Miller

A Look At Stwiet Test Gear ,, W&jTT

S^jer DVW .... . , , WASVQK

The World's Cheapest Calibrator , . W9SS

Build A Meter With Class , . WA4UL

41

78

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124 192 208

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166 54 2B 38 44 62

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Aug Aug Aug Aug Dec Dec

Apr Jun Jun Aug Dec

lUtar

Apr

Apr

Apr

May

May

May

Jun

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

Sep

^>ep

Sep Sep Oct

Jan May May Wov

Jan

Jan

May

Jun

Jul

Oct

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

S^p

Dec

Jan Jan Jan Jaf^ Jan

Feb

Feb

Mar

Mar

May

Jun

Jul

Jul

Jul

Aug

Aug

Sep

B#p

Ultra SimpTe Diode Checker . . .

Sensitrve Meters Saved ...

Find That Meter Resistance

Final lyl A Practical Discrimaiorl . . . .

Amplitude vs, Frequency , , , ,

Byild the E! Sapo Tester

Test Instrument Saver Quick Deviation Meier

« I i t

i i. ri +

w m ^ r w

■:' fa i4 !h 4

.... K460K

WeGXN

hi2RG

.... K4G0K Staff

. . . ^ . . r O LbTT

...... Miller

...WATUUK

THEORY

How Does Your Rig Paiorm? ...... ... .*.-.,... W6AGX

How Does Sideband Really Stack Up? .......*.. W68JIMN

SWR Myth Exploded Again , WA1 JFU

Measure Your Wasted Power .......... ^ ......... - Staff

SSB: The Third IVlethod . ..,. . .WB0XY/O

A New Breed of VoJtage Regulators WA7A8V

Taming the Wild Beta W3KBM

The Real Truth About SWR , . . W65IAM

Understand Your Pel Rock K1 CLL

Beware the Compressorf , . .WB50GI

Matching CXitput Trarwformers ,,»,,,,, Mi iler

HF Bands; Expanderl ..... ^ ..*...*,...»...«..» . .Staff

Transmission Line Primer .,..,., , . Murphy

Impedance Matching WB5HE0

TOUCHTONE

The Mew Improved TT Decoder Updated Exerting MewTouchtone IC . Digital Autopatdi ........

BouncefessTT Decoder The Touchtone Connection Drake Touchtone Review

»_*'!» m_» *

4 at 4 * *

**%**»

,.,.W7JSW ..WA0CKG . . . W4VGZ ..WA5ACA . . WA4BZP . . WAIJGG

TRANSCEIVERS

A VKt Pocket QRP Rig KSJRN

Behavior Mod for the HM-102 , . . . ,...,., .W3VT

Versatility Plus for the HW'202 ...,_. , W1 JLl

Try These lC-230 Modi . . WB6GTM

Two Meter Scanner . . . *^*., ,.,.,, *..,........, .K3JML

Try the Mini-Timif WA2UMY

^Aore Channels for the IC'22S WA4VAF

Try a Scandie-Talkie ..............> WA6iNGX/1

A Dial for die FM-DX W2PQG

Patch Up Your 101 K7VUA

Ten Tec ^od^ . . . , KL71BQ/B

Heath HW^2021 Review , . . K4JEM

Supff Wilson , . . , . , K4TWJ

Build A ComCoder K5UBM. WBSWSG

Uberate Your Wilson HT .*,...*, ^'^ .. . * * *,.,.. K2HUF

One Cent Channels for the IC-22S t W82CBC. WA2HGQ

The Missing Length KL7IEPyi

Add Jazz To Your Tempo :WB8ZBJ

Split Your (C'22S WA60MH

All About Transceivers ... WB5ASA

More rC-22S . . .KtHPF

TRANSMITTERS

A No Hands Telephone Dialer

A VFO forSidetnanders

4 4 » h

1 'I I ■■

4iV ■■ 1*41

UHF

200 lb. Cookie „

Ar^ F M Gadget ....rw.

UHF SWR Indicator

Mk;rowave Waveguide Details . . . CofTUfiunicate on 10.25 GHz . . . Minimize F^dlint Lo^

WAtPNG . VK3XU

. ,WA6ITF .WA7lSiMO . .W8DMR . . . , Moak . WA3ETD . . W2ST1V1

VACUUM TUBE GEAR The Gompactron Audio Driver

.WA5SWD

VHP

The Mod Squad Goes 220 , , . . . WA6JMM

An Automatic BC Squelch Minchow

Discriminator Output for the H R 2A . . . , W2KPE

VHF Noise Snooper , ,vv * ♦ WA6CLZ

Stop Timeouts! K3VTQ

Wilson HT Mods K4MKX

Ten Wans on 2 WA6NCX/1

Open Mew Frontiers! , . WB6JNN

Marine Radiotelephone Corrva'sion . , . , . K8EXF

All About SCTS . , . , K6LUA

A FAAROUT DXpedition WA6Y0B

A Practical 2m Synthesizer WA3SYI

How About 6 FM? W3KBM

44 163 136

62

140 184 193 207

28

136 156 184 62 82 Its 166

110 111

126 124 140

107

164

166

71

75

79

160

172

132

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161

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34

Oct Oct Nov

Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec

Jan

Jan

Jan

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

Apr

May

May

May

May

Jun Jul

Jan

Jan

Apr

Jul

Aug

Aug

Jan

Jan

Mar

May

Jun

Jun

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Jun

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Jul

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Aug

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Oct

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Oct

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122 Jan

Jan

Feb

Apr

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May

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Aug

Sep

Sep

Oct

224

POV.E R

METER

LINEAR

nvR

AMP

IND

2M-}5X80L

UlESTCOm

son mnrioi ill.

the new 2 meter VHF amplifier from Westcom.

• An add-on unit, no internal connectbns or adjustments required to as- sociated equipment • Standard Amplifier Models operate FM. Linear Models operate all modes: SSB. FM, AM, RTTY. CW. etc, • "Microstrip'* design provides high stability and optimum pefformance over wide band- width • Factory adjusted, no tuning required. • Mobile mounting bracket induded • RF sensing T/Rswrtching. adjustable dropout delay • Remote keying capability • Thermally coupled biasing • Reverse Voltage pro- tected and fused • Conservatively rated with oversized heat sink • Red LED indicators for monitoring DC and RF • VSWR protected ♦ Ninety day material and workmanship warranty

MOOEL

21^3X30

2M 3X30L* 2M 10X40 2M 15X50L* 2M 1SXB0 2M 15X80L'

INPUT POWER

1-4 1-4

2-tZ 5-15 S-15 5-15

NOM

OUTPUT

(watte)

CURREMT 13^ VOC

PRICE

$7^95 S82.95 $77.95 $94.95 $129.95 $139 95

'Unear: AM. CW. FM, SSB. RTTY; Size: 4Vi xbYinZH tfidviical wecsficabons and ttata sii)|ect to c*^»^ wilhCM^ r»o«J«

Call your local dealer, or write direct:

iommf

ENGINEERING

1320 Grand Avenue San Marcos. California 92069 (714) 744-0700 W17

^^'ft^

^

RESONATE YOUR TOWER ON 40. AND 80 !

//

r^===^

A

\

Imagine tiding v^ur entire tower and present beam

5V5tem as a corq- plete ^ovy angle radiator on ^40. ar»d ao meteis It \% common fefiowJedge that a dipole or invefted-vee muM fae at least t/2*wave length high (120 feet high on 80 metefsl) in order f Of it to be a \o^ aogle radiator. but vour enrstirtg tower, if fed with the Stuart Elec- t ron ECS tOulCB tUf<* * can be made to be an optimum low aneie fadiator on

40. meters

The

BO Stuari

fOUiiN Tv« ftM * can h- installed and ad- justed to a low swr on 3ny tower no

matter what the size

■ or type. No more

haywire appearance

of d*poleiafKt l-V"s

Even your wife will

love \\ The Stuart

iQuninjntit* takeiL

tip virtuallv noextr^

space but greatly

out-p^rfofms

di poles and l-V's at

the saiTg height

StBrt making better

contacts on the 40.

and &0 meter

band^ with an

antenna system thai

really ge^ out. The

Stuart yectronics

lOumnrilM^ will

handle 9oO watts

OUtpMit

We are ki cijnf idf^nl rHal v<Xi^ wilJ like It

d»y monev ba^k fUarAi^tee i1 vcnj are m any Mr^y diiVdti^fied 9t\<.¥-

stuartX electrowics

755 N. MAIN ST. AKRON. OHIO 44310 S38

225

f

round the uorld

r

Meet adventure head on. Shipmates wanted who yearn to achieve for themselves rather than be pampered aboard plush, pretentious cruise ships. Share this adventure with a small conge- nial group in a highly informal atmosphere with- out regimentation or timetable. In this age of luxury and self-indulgence our expedition offers a unique, exciting opportunity,

YANKEE TRADER

(Famous oceanographic vessel) Length 180. Beam 31.5, 1106 tons

9 MONTHS - SHARE EXPENSES

Ports of call

Cape Haitien.

San Salvador. Panama* Pitcairn Island. Easter Island. Rapa. Tahiti. Ahe. Moorea. Galapaoos. Samoa.iutuila. Danaer Island. Guaaacanal. Tulagi. Bali. New Guinea. Java Madaaascar.

Zanzibar. Beira. Capetown.

St. Helena. Ascension Island. Rio. Devil's Island. Paramariba. Martinique. Antigua; Exuma. Nassau.

im^fti^'* *

..'.-

.*«.»•«"

T* — '

\^^

' l.pi|H< llMirini

* • *

• *•.

m

■Miff! r^^lffi

'•^■"

H

nmc

AtldrcH

Ch,

Please send me

your free 'round

the world

expedition

booklet.

State 'Z\p

r. 0. I«l 120. DepL RW lllMrSiichJlDrid«33139

© Wbc|ammer Ovnses.

226

A sleek graceful sailing vessel glides across the sometimes green, sometimes blue Caribbean. The cargo: you. And an intimate group of lively, fun-loving shipmates.

Umform of the day: Shorts

and tee shirts. Or your bikini

if you want. And bare feet*

Mission: A leisurely cruise to

remote islands with names

like Martinique, Grenada,

Antigua— those are the

ones you Ve heard of. Before

the cruise ends, you'll

know the names of many

more. You'll know Lntimitely

the enchanting different

mood of each > . . and its

own beauty and charm.

Life aboard your big sailing yacht is informal Relaxed, Romantic-

TTiere's good food. And grog! And a few Dleasant comforts . . , ^ut any resemblance to a plush pretentious resort hotel is accidental.

Spend 6 days exploring paradise. Spend six nights watching the moon rise and getting to know interesting people. It could be

the most meaningful experience of your life ...and it's easily the best vacation you've had.

A cruise is forming now. Your share from $29a Write Cap n Mike for }'Our free adventure booklet in full colon

Come on and live.

Windjammer Cruises, i

W10 I

&r

Sbite

P.O. Box 122, Dept. 622 Miami Beach, Fl 33I3S

I

227

NON'UNEAR SYSTEH/IS, iNC

m MHz FII£QUE]iCY COUNTER

MbMI FM-7

LDH C^]ST^ cwn^^i^v pwl;»W#< l«Ti(hrv opvntiH], rugged ?*v«n tfigii coitftict

fflstufing LS) caftitnjcliofi mdcwtrtDKf protection for Fnfidor tab uia. Sfnill ^noug^

m tai htnet haid. Ffvquincv ftaftot can be exiciKlfd lo 5t2 MHx utpng Model SC-5

Indudei 4'AA rachirgmblft t^lcad batiBTivi and charger, lor battery ot AC oper^tlpn,

and toit landb. Alia HuaHoblii are opt^onsl ^aathtr cirryinig esse, handia and ttlt-atand

or panttl moiunt fJanfl*.

DISPLAY; 7^1igii LED, OJS" high

F^REOUElMCy RANaE, ID Hz'60 MHt In 2 rampi; ti^andaUta ro £12 MHz tukntf

SC-S Pfiicaler

ACCURACV: ±il eount ± tuTM bait i«»jncy]

TIME BAS£ Imtmsl ^f^Ksk 2.0971 B? MHz; SnbHnv <1Ct f^wn/Vvv t*Bii^, - i'^

SENSITIVITY; 30 mv ISO Hz-JOMHtl. 100 m\f (f OaO Hz;3O«0UH«»

RESOLUTION. 1 HrMCIMHzrwatKiaK£(60Wl42rwiait

\H9\JT IMPEDANCE 1 MO

MA>t. INPUT VOLTAGE +TGO VOC, 350V RMS {10 Hl-500 kHi% m 5V flMS

{35-60 MHii

SFZE^ 2,1 X t .9 k 4" cto«p^ WEIGHT: 9? {^uncrs

Mod»l FM'7 Counler ,...*., , , , , .^ , . $t@&.CX^

Modol FM 7/LH Coumtr wilh Till Sund , , *.*.*.. 1 98.50

V nla4 FM-7/FH Counttr with Piii«l Mount Flan^i ., ,. 190 00

~ -1 ^39-439 LMttwf Cks . 4 ..<•■■..•■.••< ^-••>p<-*^>*' IS.OO

= T 539-452-2 TlltSlamtCHB ,,,.. 5.00

Pan ? 39-454^ Pirwl Mom* Fta«^ CHft _. ..^ ........,-.,. . Ai;00

512MHtPRESCALER

Modtl SCh6

LOW COST, ponitil* hfliiirv of«f?HinJ preicater essiand* ihe frtqu«ncv r«nge of th*

F\* 7 Frvguencv Mvur fer sny 50 MHt fr«qu«ncv mtctr with 5011 Inpglf lO SU

Indudn A-AA nchar^itil* Mead tsliwici and d^rpf torh^Tttifv <M AC PiJerBfkif^.

«nd ifitcftioe And inpul c^io^ AtniotMc accesDrist ar* T«h -Eland. LMTh»< CaiTV*t^

Case trid Ptnel Ma^i Ftang^

FREQUENCY RANG^t 20 MHf-51 2 WHt

SEMSfTi VITY: 30 mV RMS

MAX.(^tPUT:4VRI^S

OUTPUT. 3 MHzBI.3 MHz, 100 mV RWS

INPUT IMPEDANCE fiOH

SIZEj 2.7 X 1.^x4'^ ctecp

Modal SC-S PrascBlBr », + ,♦ _,,.

Utfdit\ SC-fi/LH Pr««cil4r us^iih TTIt St^nd .......

Modct SC-6/1^H PrvtOliir vw.th Pan^L Mouril Flv^

£89.00 .92 SO . 33.00

IDUCATIONAL & OEM DJSCOUNTS AVAILABLE

WE WANT TO BUY! Your Surplus Commercial or Military Test Instru- ments. Send List of Available Equipment to DEPT. LR73.

SEND FOR OUR LATEST CATALOG

OF TEST INSTRUMENTS AND

MICROWAVE COMPONENTS & EQUIPMENT.

S289.

t&MH£ OSCILLOSCOPE •MODEL H^15 COMPACT , cixn^lciffv poru^te, aATTEHV opef^teCT IS MH* minr^owllDfDDpe pvvvidtfifl BIG^BIG Pkrlorrnvicefft > LOW. LOW Ptiai. ¥^tiutm kmpf 0v«d cktcuidv for ti«l4 w '4b ljk.

fftdiHkrt rtclVIK^tilv biiiffitv, c^arfef f^ biaiiAiv tM AC ckpArAiimi fend rtipuT pfdtw. Aha ovailabta •» 10M£X ^0:1 proiMiffd lealher csrrv*<^V Caiiv, BAMDWIDTN; 15 MHz VERTICAL GAIN; tOmV-fiOV/div. +3ft TIME BASE: 0.1uS-D,&S/div, ±3%

INPUT SENSITIVITY; Vartlcdl IDmVj HariEontal TV; IntamaJ Tr»Miir<t dJv.: ExtuFrtitl Tr[0B»f<1V VIEWING AREA, 135" W x 1.1"H [ariddt 0.35" dwiiif^ntl S32Ei 6.4' W ^ 2.7-^H « 73" D: WEIGHT; 3 Ibi.

A^eEssoniEs

41.140 Leather CwTViTii}Cai« -- - S30.00

41-T41 IDMIX 1Q:t PvqM ?4v5Q

CwktMct DtG ITA L MULTI VE T£FtS LOW COST, rugged dignel inulf iflf%t$rs small anoLjgh to fn m ihe p^tii >ai your hand FEATURES; 17 Rbh^m, AuiomiTic Polftrriv, Automsnc Zwo; Autommic Ov«rtaad trvf^eiTipn^ No F.S Ohmi Adiutt;

0.33" hkgh LED Ditplay. MOS/LSI Canniiructlcift; Drori-proof; 1-VEAB Focio»v Warranty

INCLUOES iifit leads, rDcharaeable NIciitf batteries etnd chnfgsr for battitrv ar AC Dpara Hon. Optional luiithvr urrving citM »i avtnJIdblo: permitt cdrrv^r>g; mctdr ctii helt or sruund neck for handi fr^fl op«rBtlDra. AI$o ^va^labls arwTilt Stand, Panel Mouni Flianoe, H.V Probfi Lto 4S KVIi

OISPLAV- 0;}J' h^h RAfVGE SELECTION: Mam^ POLA«nr¥ SELECTION Autorruiic DECIMAL Pcfeii1i{in»dby tarkgi

SIZE. 2.7 >; 1.9 » 4 ' d^p WEIGHT: 0.2 duiKei

MODEL

LM3A

LM-3.SA

LM-4A

r4 di^ti)

LM40A

¥Ji.ii^l-it

IW&IC- ATtON

ACCURACY

ATIOK

4CCUIUCY

fMUIC- ATION

AECifRACY

tftDiC' ATI DM

ACCURflCy

1 ftjt'VDC

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PLAjN CASE

Modol LM-3A $125.00

Modpl LM-3,5A S147.0Q

Mtjdfll LM-4A S2 27.00

S 100.00

TILT STAND

MtxM LM [lA/LH Sl2&iO

MttW LWXSA/LH S150J&0

NAodfi iM40A'i,H

ACC£i£(mrcs

33-^>3 icflthvr Cine t Strap $16.00

33-f*52-2 TMt Stared Case ^ S.QO

39-^S«»-l 39-52S-3

P^nel ^unt Flanga Cai« High Veltage Probe, 45KV

$ £.CiO SJS,00

LECTRONIC RESEARCH LABS IIMC

Check or Money Ordtr with ord«r. C-O-Ds enclose 26% depostt. Open Account to firms favorably ratgd in DStB.

1423 FERRY AVE., CAMDEIM, N J. 08104

PHONE 609'541-4200

We honor Master Charge, Ban kA mericsrd/VfSA , A mmca n Express.

L7

F.O.B. Camden, NJ. New Jersey reside r^ts add 5% sales tax.

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GET YOUR

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Jniefnatiofral Radio Amaieur Pnefiites!

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ARR L Ptionehc Alphabet*

Greai Circle Bearir>gs and C^arts^

Iniefnational "Q " and "Z" Signals'

Work} Sian^ard Time Charts^

tntemationsi Postat Informaiiofl'

World PrettK Map?

FC-C Examination Points!

Where (o Buy'

Telegtaptwfs^ At^far^viaiionsl

D)f Operating CcwJef

A R.RL Counlnes List!

At Your Service — Amateur Radio Deater^l

OSL Manaoers Around the Worldl

World Wide QSL Bureaus!

Census of Radio Amateurs of the Woddf

Telegraph Codes!

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Reciprocal Licenses?

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NEW

THE FUTURE NOW!

FM2015R

BIKPK

Does Your Unit Cover The New

Sub-band 144.6 - 146.5 MHz?

The FM2016R Does, PLUS MARS-CAPl*

All Solid State-CMOS PLL digital synthesized - No Crystals to Buy! 5 KHz steps - 144 - 149 MHz- LED digital readout PLUS MARS-CAP.*

• 5 MHz Band Coverage - 1 000 Channels (instead of the usual 2MHzto4MHz-400 to 800 Channels) • 4 CHANNEL RAM IC MEMORY WITH SCANNING • MULTIPLE FREQUENCY OFFSETS •ELECTRONIC AUTO TUNING -TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE • INTERNAL MULTIPURPOSE TONE OSCILLATOR • RIT • DISCRIMINATOR METER - 1 5 Watts Output - Unequaled Receiver Sensitivity and Selectivity - 15 POLE FILTER, MONOLITHIC CRYSTAL FILTER AND AUTOMATIC TUNED RECEIVER FRONT END, COMPARE! • Superb Engineering and Superior Commercial Avionics Grade Quality and Construction Second to None at ANY PRICE.

INTRODUCTORY PRICE

$39900

Rvgylitwf AC/PS Mod«4 FMPS 4n .

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• FREQUENCY RANGE: Recotve and Trdnvmit: 144.00 Id 148.99& MHz, 6Khz staps (1000 channels } INCLUDING NEW SAND 144.5* 14&.6MHI + MARS-CAP,'

• LED OIOITAL f^EADOUT.

■ 4 CHANNEL RAM SCANNER WITH tC MEMORY: ProQi^m any 4 fr^quancies and repfogram at any lime using the front panel control 9 -scan all or part of the memory -search for occupmd (cioied) chartnel or vacant (open) channels . Imernal Ni-Cad included to retain memory (no diode matrix to wire of change).

• MULTIPLE FREQUENCY OFFSETS: Three poaUions A^B.C. provided for ir^stallation of opnonal crystals; EXAMPLE - 1 MHf oHsat. Duplex Fre<iuency Offset Bu^Eim '600Kn£PLySorMiNUS& KHi steps^ plus simplex, any frequency,

• INTERNAL MULTIPURPOSE TONE OSCILLATOR BUILT IN: 1 750Hz tonid' burst for "^iistle on opereiion' and Sittnaud^ble tone operation possible by stmply eddir>g a capacitor across the termirwlt provkled. imernal 2 position switch for automatic and manual operation, tone burst or tub audibte tone PL - adiusiabEe 60-203MZ (100 Hz provided).

• AIRCRAFT TYPE FREQUENCY SELECTOR Larue and smari coajcrally mounted knobs select lOOHHi artd 1QKH^ tteps r«t|»ctiv«ty. Switches click -stopped with a horne posftion faciliiate fre(|uency changmg without n##d to view LEO'S while driving and provides the sightless amateur with full Braille dial as standard equipment

• FULL AyrOMATlC TUNINQ OF RECEIVER FRONT END ANO TRANSMITTER CIRCUITS: DC output of PLLfed to va rector diodes in all front end RF tuned circuit* provides full sensitivity and optimum intermoduiation reject ton over the entire band. APC( AUTO POWER CONTROL} - Keeps RF output constant from band edge to band edge, NO OTHER AMATEUR UNIT AT ANY PRICE has these

FMMC ) MKt^

phQtT« wi^ BuittHn Touch Ton» Psd^

• LID indioner

• Adj l«Mi itnd ton*

• Dnlv3-3/4"][2"

$4900

features wh^ch are found in only the most sophiGticated and

expensive aircraft and commercial transceivers.

TRUE FM: Not phase modulation - for superb amp ha si zed hi-fi audio

quality second to none.

RIT CONTROL Used to improve clarity when contacEtng stations

with off frequency carrier.

MONITOR LAMPS; 2 LED s on rront panel indicate (1) incoming

aignal-channel busy, and (2) Transmit.

FULLY REGULATED INTEGRAL POWER SUPPLY; Operating

voltage for alt 9v circurts independently reguleiod. Masaive

Commercial Hash Filter.

MODULAR COMMERCIAL GRADE CONSTRUCTION: 6

Umiized modules eJiminate stray coupting and facilitate ease of

maintenance

ACCESSORY SOCKET Fully wired for touch tone, phone patch.

•nd other accessories Internal switch connects receiver output to

internal speaker when connector is not in use.

MULTI-PURPOSE METER Triple Function Metof Provides

Discriminator Meter, '"S" Reading on receive and Power Out on

Transmit.

RECEIVE Better tftan .2Suv sensitivity, 1 5 POLE FILTER as well as

morKilichic crystal filter and AUTOMATLCTUNED LC circuits provide

superior skin selectivity * COMPAREf

HIGH/LOW POWER OUTPUT: IS watts and 1 watt, swrtch

selecte'l Low power mav ^ adjusted anywhere berween 1 and 16

watts ruUy proiected-shon or open SWR.

OTHER FEATURES Oynamm Microphone. Built In Speaker rrH^iila

mount, external 5 pin accessory jack, speaker jack, and much, much

more. Size iVi m 7 x 7!^. All cords, plugs, fuses, micrc^hone hanger^

«tc. included. Weight S lbs>

Manufscwrsd by ons of the world's most distingyishwd Avionics manufscwrers, Kyokuto Denshi Kaisha, Ltd,

First in the world with an aU sofid state 2 mater fM transceiver.

AMATEUR-WHOLESALE ELECTRONICS

8817 S.W. 129th Terrace. MiamL Florida 33176 DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED. Telephone (308) 233-3631 e Telex: B1-S628 PLEASE ORDER FROM YOUR LOCAL U.S. DISTRIBUTOR

Haglonel SatM a Stivtee C«rt

NiHfhaaai; BujEurd-i Say Etoctroniu

BtiMtmhit BtY. Mai*

|*t7) 7S9-337i

Eent: SanfDnl Cbnwnumcatkme. |tts«

Colonm, N.J.

1201) a74-3O03

DEALER OR DJRECT if UNAVAILAeLEj«i«ii2i 2^«

230

p

fZ

■■ik_E£ "''"I

The New Sigma XR3000D

Linear Amplifier Compare!

Features:

Custom computer grade commercial components, capacitors, and tube sockets manufactureci especjalfy for high power use — heavy duty lOKw silver plated cemmic band sv^itches * Silver plated copper tubing tank coil - Huge 4" easy to read meters— measure plate current, high voltage, grid current, and relative Rf out- put • CoFitinuous duty power supply built in - State of the art zener diode standby and operating bias provides reduced iding current and greater output efficiency • Ouiit ia hum free DC heavy duty antenna change-over relays • AC input 110V or 220V AC, 50-60HZ* Tuned input circuits* ALC-rear panel connections for ALC output to ex- citer and for relay control* Double internal shielding of all RF enclosures- Heavy duty chassis and cabinet construction and much, much more

HOirOAY SALE

$699

2 Dsy Air Shipmanl

Anvwfwra in U.S.

Airpon to Airport i35

AJ«iJli ancf HaM«ii Stight^v Hjgh«r

• Full band coverage 160-10 meters including mars,

• 2000 watts P.E.P.SSBinput. 1000 watts input commuous duty. CW. RTTY&SSTV.

• Two Eimac 3-500Z conservatively rated finals.

• Atl maior HV and other crrcuil components mounted on single G-10 glass plug in board Have a service problem? (Very unlikely) Just unplug board and send to us.

» Heavy duty commercial grade quality and construction sec- ond to no other unit at any price!

• Weight: 90 lbs. Size: 9W (h) x 16" (w) x IS^^V (d).

HOLIDAY INTRODUCTORY SPECIAL?

New! Sigma Model AF250L Deviation/Modulation Meter

Fully Certifiable for Cominercial U»e

Features:

HOLIDAY SALE

$169

Extr«m«lY «i»bJ* local oKtllator fof ««*v m9««iir*m«m ol HF, VHF^ tnci UHF banc^

Specif! cattons: ww \\_

Frequency: 1.BIVIHZ-520MHZ/3 range sefect (A, B. C. EXT), A range: 26,5 MHZ-40MHZ. B range 46MHZ-60MHZ, C range: 140MHZ-1S6MHZ, EXT. range: 1 ,eMHZ-520MHZ {Need Signal Generator) -Generous overranges*lnput level:{1) Through type input level: iW''200W (RF InptJt Ter- minal) (2) Direct input levet: More than 80db/50ohm impedance- AmplJtude modulation degree: 0-100% ■ Frequency deviation: 0-20KHZ* Accuracy: +/'3% of full scale* Intermediate frequency: 10,7MHZ* Local input frequency {EXT Range) ■ Measuring frequency +/-10 JMHZ • RF Attenuator: 0-60db variable • Audio signal oscillator: (1} Audio Frequency— 1 .OOOHZ (1 KHZ)- (2) Output level— More than IV RMS* Power Source: AC117V- Dimensions: H-SV^" (140mm). W^lOVr (260mm), D'7V4" (184Tnm) • Weight: 7 lbs.

SIGMA RF 2000 SWR & POWER METER

\\\

irodijcmry Pnce

111

aOOOW Fraq Ring* 3 &- 160 MHi. PfaiH do ncM Donffu** tlT« RF2000 with

prkiad units. RFIOOO it sn indlvkfuajly CBlibriiad prof«(|.«rpn«l quiltiy iftftruTitm Un^qutMld «t rfb*nir l»m«c Ih* fKic«, &!» 7* twill 2 1/3- M|l

SPECIAL SCANNER SALE

FOR KENWOOD TR-7400A

t4 D4nn*f Progrftmma^lii

1^ »tO0 — 956

O.OO

V r

FMSC-1 r«fl*l69— t%B 7400 Sc*fifW N fl*e • 1 a»-i1 1 9

FMSC t SewMV fi»r KDK FM 144 and 7400 S«ww ■ 1«c Tflo- K«fWrt4d TT1-740CM.

• Full *cmn 146 ind f47 MHi cijnHcuttvalv or t MHfn ar iny MHz rsngii

• Scftn rats; 1 MHi/2 S«q«nd| {sdJUHSblAl • ConirQlt; 5cin/HoJd. Lncti/Oalav. «00 KHt Q^sst \«0. up. down;. Pfogrvn 1 MH; »Simpl«

ilKDK

SPECIAL SALE FM 144 Aece«sof1^

FMTP-l Touch Tons Psd tfiS

FMTF*2 Touch Tckh Psd with 10 Nurnlw

pTogrimmAbIs Msmory ....,* f 09 FMTOt Prhrsts C«M Oacodtr for uis wtth sod ProQfSFnmtd ti^ Amy

Touch Torn Psd . = •7B

SC-12A AtjdiXs Tont £noot^ Dw»<tor«8e FWSC-1 Scsnrwr-RarfdDffl Any Rang* tgg MAJtS-CAF Option Kit - Any FfSQusncv.

FMOFI 0H«« Option Kit ' Z Ejdi*

FMOF-2 1 MHf OffHi OptKH) Kn iNii

Crystsl*. to Buvl *,,.>,.,,, .,» ilO

FMTF- % Sub Audibis Tons (100 Hi>

Adjuiubl* 67-203 Kz) < *1G

Ownsri Msnus) (E^lt) .**,.*, f fi

FM 201 BR Aceassorisi;

FMPS 4R asQUislsd AC PS M9

fMMC 1 M»craf>hDi>s wrth Built-in

Toucti Tofw P»d ..^^,^..., .♦. 149 MARS- CAP* Option lUt - Any Ffvqusncy,

FMAT-1 )^ Wfl^ Pcitabl4 AnM^ns lor

Htotsi. MqtM dr Ap*rtfn«m . . iT.fiS

Eflvs DC Cordft Pluf ,,_.**... §3 60

Ssivics Msnual .,,^.ip^..>>...>«.*.««.i2 00 Mponttng fir»dt«t Itxt^il , ^^......**^M.OO

Stand 3rd New 2 Meter

FM Transt^eivers

Model SRC14GA Special Sale

SHC146A,

JSXEais:34;9^and94^94 . USA 2 Deluxe Base Chflrgei P T 3644 Leal herCase^ , AT \% ^^hb%J Am «nd Whip Ml-cids

-tan

S47 S12

$3G

Reg Un

NEW!!! Touch Tone pad compl&teiy wired and ready to piyg in-S69 00

P^$289

AMATEUR-WHOLESALE ELECTRONICS

8ei7 S-W. 129lh Terrace. Miami. Florida 33176

COURTEOUS PERSONAL SEHVJCE--SAME I9AY SHIPMENT - Prices subject to change without notice. Teleptione: [305) 233-3631 • Telei 51-5620 • Store Hours: 10-5 Mon.-Fri. ^21

NEWI 6 METER FM50-10SXRII

51 00-53 995 MHz^ eOOchinnsJt Ho^Hl«V S«l*— Pri«« tut

NEW COE HAM III flOTATOBS— Re«.j15S.95— S125

Atlas Z1 0X21 5X and 350XL

231

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OUP*

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No more snld^^ring diod#every time you j^ipntt to try a flew repeater !

takes comriiihtd of y^tir radio Gfvmg you fingertip coritroJ of ALL frequencies.

• Front Par-oi Thiimb wheel Conirot

• Factory Wired and Tested

• Easy To Install

^\

^ "■■

SPECIAL

1

!>.O.BOX223f COMMERCiAL AVENUE OXNARD CA 93030

(805)486-0817

O I'LL 81TE1 Please send more info.

a r'M HOOKED! Please RUSH my Synlhacoder,

Name

YESy I wpuld fik€ ta purchase a Synthacoder for my fC-22S, \

Enclosed please find my $69.95 (Price inctudcs postage and haftdling). Galifbrnia residents add 6% sa!es tax. Off a^ ends li/31/77.

$ enclosed, n Cash D Check D Money Order

Please charge my D Master Charge D B^kAmericard

Credit card # _:;__ '•": •"

Interbank ^

Expiration date

Siwiaiture ^■:- -•■-'■',•■ :■■:■•

h^^ n' < ^n " w* V ^^ -T 1 - ' " I I II iiiuii ■* 111 ii ■ ■ I I II ■i^wiHi iiiiM ■ 1 1 ■ I ii I I mmm ^^^ibtia^wi . - -- — — — - — ■.- .

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12"

Video Monitor

THE OtANT e&F CATALOC-

CIRCL^E THE REAC^ER SERVICE CARD FOW OUB CATALOQ

This soUd state monitor will display @D characters k 16 lines for a total of 1,280 characters. These are re^dy to attach to your compuT&r or CCTV. Operates on 115VAC, video input to 75 ohm,so-233 co-BK connector, Qtv. Ltd. Used and guarenteed. Sh, Wt. 35 Lb$, 7HU70398 $6S.88 each

HONEYWEL

SMOKE ALARMS

Dual chamber fonizatton detectors sense tinv air-borne partioles of combustion in a fire's earliest stage even before there's smoke, Operates on 1 15V AC, UL listed, Sh. Wt, 3 Lbs. , . 7IVI i 70349 . , ,S24.BB

0 to 20 DC AMMETER

SPEAKER KITS

Suild your own and save! Thi^iB kits Are made up of quality components intended for use by a big-name mfr. (who we can't

mention I Over $2-miliion in Inventories

SUPER SURPLUS SAVINGS

T

were closed out! His loss your gain! Kits are Ist quality, ell U,S. made. Cabinets are vinyl clad with pre cut holes. gnW cloth is included. Perfect for those do- it yourself-ers! Two types of kits available:

SPEAKER SYSTEMS KIT No. 1 our deluxe model

Super cabinets, size 21 k 1 2x8'^ Includes 8"' woofers vu/whiz^er; 4" dome tweeters; crossovers; damping; hardware & instruc- tions. Systems sells for $198 if bou^t ready -to -go, 6&F kit price only $69 95 per pair. Quality need not be costly 1 7ZU702a3. . , .(46 Lbs J . . . S69.95/pr. Kit No 1/CABIPiETS Only {45 Lb^J

7OB70197 .$25.00/pair

SPEAKER SYSTEMS KIT No, 2

Fantastic cabinets designed for direct dispersion of high frequency sounds and wide dispersion of bass tones. Si:ie: 17x 1014x97*". Sold with 8" woofers, 4 '

dome tweeters, crossovers Si instructions. 7ZU70242, . , f3S Lbs.} . . .$49 50/pair

Kit No. 2/CABINETS Only (25 Lbs.)

7OB702OQ $2&,00/pair

More SPEAKERS & COMPONENTS . . . are available through our catal^og!

Large 2-3/8" square see-thru plastic cov- &red m&ters. External resistor req. Super! Sh. Wt. 8o2. . . .7W70343. . . S2.00 ea.

TV-COMPUTER r INTERFACE KIT^^^^

Converts any standard TV into a comput- er monitor. This self-contained RF oscill- ator fii modulator allows easy interface of any video output device to a standard TV set. This kit was part of a video game^ and contains its own power supply. With instructions & data.

Sh. Wt. 3 Lbs 7ZU70213 $7.88

7 forS4B,00, . - 7ZU70213 . . 548.00/7

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Cornpiiter surplus ctose-out on Singer- Friden Md. 52 line printer. lOOIine^ per minute with 132 characters per line max. The printer is connected to a system com- puter through s^ input/output channel and may be located up to 2,000 wire-feet from computer using a 2-wire line. Uses standard continuous paper forms< with up to 5 copies and 1 original. Power: 115V, 60 Hz; 6 amps. Size: 3D"W x 27" Dp x 3B"H.

These units were working & going units when taken oui of service. Shipped only on an "AS IS" basis. You should be able to put these on line with a minimum of work, and then you have a S3^600 line printer working for you at less than 1/5 the cost. Shipped via truck freight collect to you, F.O.B. Peabody, Ma. 01960. 7SF70298 $650.00

DATA MANUALS, while they last , , . 7SF70298M . . . , , $45.00

**A(so available are a few damaged units, which hS'Ve broken glass covers. Damage appears to be cosmetics only. Save SI 00. 7SF70299 S550.00

Line Printer

AM/FM stereo

TUNER/AMP CHASSIS onty $18.88!

New surplus stereo tuner & amp, 4 watts RMS per channel. Super-slim unit mea sures only 2^A"H x 12yj' L x B"D. Con trols include bal.< tone, vol. on/off, AM/ FJVj/FM stereo AFC/Aux. selector and tuning. Dial has red needle and black face with no markings. Sli. Wt, 6 Lbs, 7HU70397 $18.88 each

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OP AMP POWER SUPPL

Surplus from a computer phone. Power supply is regulated, input of 115V 60Hz., outputs of ± 12V ^ .125A, +5V @ .75A, Uses 13} 733 voltage regulator IC's for regulation. Open frame type, Qty. Ltd. Size: 7.2"L x 5.6"W x 2"H. New, Sh.Wt. 5 Lbs, . . 7MI70353 , . , $13.50 3 for $38.88. . . 7MI70353 . . $38.S8/3_

1 0 to 24 VDC, 2 Amp gB^ '^"^ ^^^ POWER SUPPLY KIT c^'*^

A complete kit which puts out 10 to 24 VOC at 2 amps, regulated, 115 VAC in. Can be wired for contant 13.8 VOC, ideal Si compact for C.B. Kit includes PC card, components and instructions . . . just add your own case. Super as a bench supply' Sh, Wt. 6 Lbs. . . .6C60498 $14.88

4m 1 TV GAME

CONTROLS

Singer- Friden

Md, B2 Lifi* Printer

ipESK-TOP I/O TERMINA

At one time these data terminals were used by stock brokers for keeping track of stock quotations. They tied in to a central system which has now been up= dated, lea^/ing these surplus units behind. Use this unit as a basis for building your own computer input/output station or to build a compact scope . , . or simply take it apart for the components within.

Sold complete or fn psris, prices and descriptions listed below: t 3" CRT, with H\'VoH. supply (+3315 vdc; —1730 vdc), and low volt, supply +440V; +225V; +125V; +28V: +1.2V, -^0 6V; 6.3VOC; 5.3VAC Also - rannp generator card & some drive circuits

(15 Lbs.} ^ .$17,50

t SO key Bfock keyboard, with diode

matrix on 2 cards. (5 LbsJ .... ,$12^50

t Handsome desk -top. slope front case,

suitable for up to an IV' CRT, overall

lO^w xl6d x9"h,< 10 Lbs.) .... $7,50

t Plus: 3 wire tine cord, brown, 7'lg for

S1.00; !4 wire connector cable for

$2,50.

t COMPLETE UNIT Sh, Wt. 35 Lbs.

6NB60336 $29.95

t Also available is a complete tecti. maii- ual covering operating procedure, theory disassembly {& reassembly], trouble- shooting techniques and schematics. With complete unit ^ S1.00 or sold sep arateiy for S3.50 each. Sh. Wt, 8 oz.

WHEN ORDERING: Specify part, use order no. 6NB&0335

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^^"^^™'"^^^^^"* backup. Unit has internal memory/buffer

for 80 or 200 character storage. Units show character, character no , and record no. Read back circuits allows search on record key, editing, duplicating, etc. Units were working when taken out of service and are complete St ready -to- go^ but may require minor adjust men ts. Sold on an "AS IS" basis only. Manuals not supplied with unit, available separately. Si^e: 19"H x 21%"W x l9yi"D- Tape not supplied. We hsve 2 types available:

WId, 4301-7 7- track Data Recorder, our catalog no. 7SF70296 . . , -v. ,$218.88 Complete Manual JSF 70296 M .$28.50 Md. 4311-7 7track Data Recorder with remote data communication channel, our catalog no, 7SF 70297 ....... $248.08

Complete Manual 7SF70297'M ,$28.50 (Manuals weigh 3 Lbs.li

All Magnetic Tape Data Recorders

are shipped via trucks freight collect

to ymj. Customer pays shipping,

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Sih^r/Pertec systems with disp.dy sta- tion, keylx>3rd, 7 track magnetic da^ recorder, control ler^ etc. Singer doses out its computer products division and these unit become surplusi Their loss i $460x10'') is your uain . . , you can buy this super recorder for pennies on a doi- lar. They are late design models of recent mfg., and are still being serviced with

ocK ey -boccer/ IM ovite E x pert . F eatu res i hockey mode in which ptayers skate up, down and accross the ice using the joy- stick, with the ability to "catch" the puck and "shoot" for goats with another control. A real challenge for all players. LED readouts show score, operates on ] 15V BQHz. Never at this low price! Sh. Wt. 5 Lbs. , . 7HU 70284 . . .$22.50 5 for $700,00. 7HU702S4 . .$100.00/5

JOYSTICKS Two 1 0K POTS m Super for X-V func- tions: audio, computer, remote control, graph- ics, etc, Sh. Wt. a oz. 7J7Q163 $4.95

Joystick; Four 100K Pot's; by ALPS The best controls on the market. . . B oz. 7J70293 . S&.95ea

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RADIOSONDE with SENSORSIj

This radiosonde is used by meteorologists for upper atmosphere studies of pressure, temperature & humidity. Package has temp, sensor, hygistor, barograph, etc, Tinkerer's defight - iots of gadgets! Sh. Wt. T Lb . . . . 7F70364 S5.00

PLASTIC CABLE CLIPS

Unique T2" strip, self -stick backing, %" high. Use whole or cut into smaller parts to give up to 24 V? "cable ciips, Handy I Sh Wt. 8oz, . 7K70354 . $T2 5/2 strips

OTHER SlNGER/FfilDEN MACHINES ARE AVAI LABLE SENO FOR CATALOG atinn^il

used by

PHONE ORDERS WELCOME! Bank Americard, Master Charge and

POSTAGE: Please add sufficient funds for postage and insurance. Shipping weight for merchandise is listed at the end of each product description, All shipping is from Peabody, Ma. 01960. Mass. Residents Add b% Sales Tax. SEND FOR OUR FFIEE CATALOG! Or, receive our catatop in an order and insure yourself of a place on our mailing list

American Express Accepted, Phone- (617) 531-5774 / 532.2323 $10.00 Minimum on Charge Orders

B&F ENTERPRISES

Dept, ^'S"

119 FOSTER STREET

PEABODY, MASS. 0196^

(617) 531-5774/532-2323

SEISMIC SENSOR /XM I ITER

J A what?! This unique locking St oper- nt ruder detector/xmitter was the U.S. army to detect troop movements. It looks like a rock or glob of mud, but contains: a trasmitter with a range of 300 meters that sends out coded pulses on 150 MHz; a buiit in dipole an- tenna; seismic sensor; Bt 3 mercury cells, Weighs about 1 ounce, measures less than 2" across. Fantastic? Sh.Wt. 3 oz.

7IV1I70365 . , . S4.00 ea . . . $1000 lor 3

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233

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Frequency Counter

$79

95

kit

UTILIZES NEW MOS-LSI CIRCUITRY

You've reqtiested it^ and now It'i herel The CT-50 frequencv counter kit has more features than counters selling for twice the price. Meia&uring fr&qijency is now as aasy as pushing a button^ the CT'50 will euTomaticaJly place the decimal point in all j-nodes^ giving you quick, reliable readings. Want to usa the CT-50 mobile? No problem ^ it funs equaHy as weM on 12 V dc as tt does on 110 V ac* Want super accuracy? The CT-50 uses the popular TV color burst freq. of 3.579545 MHz for time base. Tap off a color TV with our adapter and get ultra accuracy — .001 ppmj The CT-50 offers professional quality at the unheard of price of $79.95* Order yours today I

CT SO, 60 MHz counter kit ........-,,. . ..-,♦,, $79.95

CT-50 WT, 60 MHz counter, wired and tested 1 59.95

CT-600, 600 MHz presceier option for CT-50, odd ......... 29.95

SPECfFICATlOMS

Sensitivity; less than 25 mv-

Frequency range: 5 Hz to 60 MHz, typically 65 MHz

Gatetime: 1 second, 1/10 second, with automatic decimal

point positioning on both direct and prescale

Display: B digU red LEO A" height

Accuracy: 10 ppm, ►OOl ppm with TV time basef

Input: BNC, 1 megohm direct, SO Ohm with prescale option

Power; 110 V bc 5 Watts or 12 V dc <P 1 Amp

Size; Approx. 6'* x 4*' jc 2*% high quality aluminum case

Color burst adapter for .001 ppm accuracy CB-1 , kit »

$14.95

CLOCK KIT

6 digit 12/24 hour

Want a clock that looks good enough for your living room? Forget the com- petitor's kludges and try one of ours! Feature^: iumbo A" digits, Polaroid lens filter, extruded aluminum case availabre in 5 colors, c^ualrty PC boards and »uper instructions. Atl parts are included, no extras to buy. Fully guaranteed^ One to two hour^ assembly time. Colors: silver, gold, block, bronze, blue (specify).

Clock kit, DC-5 ., . *

Alarm clocfe, DC-8, 1 2 hr only . , . . .

Mobile clocfc, OC-7 .

Clock kit with 10 min ID timer, DC-10

VIDEO TERMINAL KIT $149.95

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$22.95

,24.95

. 25.95

Assembled $10.00

and tested clocks avail ablep add

CHEAP CLOCK KIT $B3S

DC-4 Foftturei. Doas not

• 6 diBit 4" LED indMdi! b<Mfd

• t2 or 74 Icrrtiat or t' anf tor m^r

PC Baard $3,95

Trinsiarriief $1 49

600 MHi; PRESCALER

^^^■■i

Exitfiid iti0 rmnav pf VOLir coumrmt to fiOO MHx, Woi^lci wiih 411 couritsn. L4SS ttian ISO mv ■•■ntiiivltv SoKify "Ho Df ^00 Wir«4^ t<ti«<), PS-m . . ^S^.9S K it, PS 1 B ....... £44 QS

CAR

CLOCK KIT $27.95

12/^4 Hour 131 VOU A^SfirlPC]

• High AcirurflcV (1 nUM i| NVrna nth f

• Eaiy, no fMUfHt MMikMH

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AUTO-OFIVTMifl S2.50

A tF ra rh B r J i; 111 I y od tijtti

trq la ambient Jight Ivual

30 watt

2 meter Power Amp

■fnp now ■voilBbEfl rnail ordart Four

Watts in <Of 30 Watts out. ? in ftr 15

out, 1 in lor B out, incredil&i« vatue,

C«mpi«l« Willi 4l| parts, instructifjrit

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CQ«n|M«tB Kit, PA t . „ . . _ . S22.9S

CALENDAR ALARM CLOCK

Hjm avsrv i««iur# one cotjlcl n

K If iricludat ■wvrviniffg «jl. _^l , ]£^

builil ir inio i^mII^ itsn'on ot «ei% EWf FEATURES^

• C 0>«iri. »" Nifli LEO * 13/34 HaiK Ftirr'vr

PC f . . ,

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63 14 Clock

74S00

74SM3

7447

7473

747S

7490 A

74143

LINEAR

^2.95 555 S .50

.35- 55q k79

75 B66 1.49

,79 567 1.49

35 I45e .50

.50 LED DRIVER

.SS 75491 .50

3.50 75492 .50

REGULATOR 7aMG 51.49

309 k 309 H

340K 7a05 7812 7815

7aia

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.89

TRANSISTOBS

MRF 23S30W VHi^ Si 1.95

NPN 2N3904 type 1 0/$1 OO

FNP 2N:S0& tvpe 1 Q'$1 OO

NPN PofWttT T«b 40M 3^S1 ,00

PHP Povmr Tab 4 OW 3/S T ,0 0

FET MI* F 102 tvpB 3/$2.00

UJT 2N^645 tVP* 3/S2.0O

3M3Q55 NPM Povwer .75

DIODES 1KV.2.5A

5/S1.00

100V. 1 A ........ ;o/si OO

SN9MA lYpe

&0/S2.00

LED DISPLAYS

FND 359 FND 510 DL 707 . HP 7730

75 1.25

T.35 1,25

741 QP-AWP SPECIAL

Factory prime mmi dip with both XirOH and 741 part numbafi

lOtorSZ^OO

Red Polaroid F iltar . . . 4.2S" X M 35" . . ,59

ransB!^ alasirciiss

P.0, Box 4072 Rochester NY 14610 (716)271-6487 '

SOCKETS

14 PIM 5^3100

16 PIN 5i/Sl XKl

24 PIN 2/Sl,00

40 PIN 3/$2.00

FERRITE BEADS

wfth Info and specs

15/Sl.Oa

6 hQ\s Batun B^ads

5/$l.0O

TELEPHONE ORDERS WELCOME

* J

Satisf action

Ql u ara n t ee d tjt rn n n « V r ft -* u n <J « d COD. add

undar $10.00 aiki S.75. NV

MINI -KITS

TONE DECODER KIT

A compMv lent {3Kxii»f qji i vngl* PC 0<Mli^ fmimm ^S|6^^00& itr id|Mfi4Nke fr«auwf rviV. MD^ap rsp^^iwn, 567 I C U«(iii *Ot HMdMon* dwotfe^ ton* bvf! ij^nstwi^. FSK iliptwcl. ii|M I i m. 9iMi mMVt eniwr uv^ lah T iot 17 btitton iou:tiiQn« dteoiSiA^ Ribh an S io t7 voliii.

iKH^TO-l S4J9S

SUPER-SNOOP AMPLIFIER

A super 'Sensiti^ ampJift^ which will pick up a pin cirop at 15 feet! Great for monitor tng bfibv's roofTi or as a general purpose te$t amplifier. Full 2 wans of output, rum on 6 to 12 volts, use$ any type of mike^ Requires 8^5 ohm speaker. Complete K it. BN-9 ..........,,,,,, $4.95

FM WIRELESS MIKE KIT

TrarKmit up to 300' to any FM broadcast radio, uses any type of mike. Runs on 3 to 9 V, Type FM-2 has added super sensitive mike prev^mp, FM 1 ,,,,,.$2.95 FfW-2 ..,,«. $4:95

COLOR ORGAfg/MUSIC L|GHT$

See music come aljuei 3 diff^em lights flicker with music or voics. One lighi for lOMi, one for the mid^enge and one for the hl§hii. Eadh channel mdivlduelly adjustable, artd driv» yp to 300 Mtatti. Great for parttei, bend muf.ic, nite ciuh« 5r>d more.

LEOBUNKYKtT

A ureat attention getter which after rial ety flattlflft 2 Jumbo LEDs, Use for nvns badges, biFttOfis, &f warning type penet lights.. Runs ort 3 to 9 vdts. Compri«ie K ft S2BB

POWER SUPPLY KIT

Cctn<i|:itl« trif)l« fiq%Mttft ocmv xuoplv' fftl- widm vftiMib^ ±1S w3ii 11 2Qli mA Kid ^ mUm ii 1 Amp. 50 mV Usui tmidAxion goad lilisrino ind imolil tm tCn len traftEtormsn RpqMira 6-9 V »M Amp Jind IB tc ID VCT. Dompltli K it, PS SLT ,.... ...... 96 JM

^|i^

SIREN KIT

Produces upward end downward wail cher* acterjstic of poHce siren. 5 vwaits audio output, runs on 3*9 votts, uses S-45 ohm Epeakar. Complete Kit, SM-3 ....... . . , , $2.95

DECADE COUNTER PARTS

Indudss: 7490 A, 747S. 7447, LED readout, Gurrttmt limit resistors, and IriftrLictJofUi On en easy to build low cost frequencv counter. Kit of parts* OCU-1 . , «•«.««.... $350

234

R8

ADVA

KIT $115s

ASSEMBLED $17.95 ADD $1.25 FOR POSTAGE/HANDLING

FREE

(Cor FETs WITH $5&S10 ORDERS,t DATA SHEETS WITH MAMV (T£MS.

VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY

» Continuously Variable fronn 2V to over 15V

• Short-Circuit Proof

• Typical Regulation of 0-1%

• Electronic Current Limiting at 300mA

• Very Low Output Rippte

> Fiberglass PC Board Mounts All Components

» Assemble in about One Hour

• Makes a Great Bench or Lab Power Supply

• Includes All Components except Case and Meters

OTHER ADVA KITS:

LOQiC PROSE KFT-Um wiWI CMOS, TTL. DTI.. HTL. HTL. HiHtL and mnrt MOS \Cs. ^JlE'ln p«{>ttctian Dgscnst p«jiritv rBvattai inil i>>«rvDlti^ Priiw; gnly ft Nw mA irtsm rlnsitr Undar Idit. Dciar LED raarioLit. Cpmpliil* irt ifidudf^ 5*» flnrt dip ltBi*(. CWLV $7JBB

FI}<EP REqULATED PQWLR gUFPLV KITE-i^grJcirauJc prpof with 1hnrm»| currtnt limllirvg, Cam^n sizx and tvpicil regMl4ti(in pf Q S'^ friji'k* ih«ia -deir! fpr mnrt i'Jfltrri'ti'I'C

"Ri-EC -eaiv'lQ'iisicTntilB kftS rncfudB all ^sar'iiijtcinBrTl^ otimplrle <i?tnihd ihslructiDni and plated fibiRiglDiS PC biundi. I^mucr a/pplv hrti dP nat inaJLUt* l^!sa nr trwlHn. Ad'd t1.% P4r lill^ fifK IK)iH3(l» and liandhng.

TM4ilL }«OWI FREE DATA SHEEtS iLpotlPd. i/ritt) unttY^ ^umt fhHn-thll 4d. FfltE pN

fi€<lyl6T-Jj|5 Op.ArMJ vgiin mwv ordPF &+"$6 or mop?-'?*^ Dual flp Amp at iw* EIM

Ff Ts wlih *»itf^ ^y^v of no £)rn»WB, Mwumarted pc*i' lo r?/3iy/? Ons ■fise ir*m p*^ order

■OfiOEfl TOCAi^-Ai| ii9tr\t wb^Aci Tc priof w** 9^1 pri«5 lubjuTT to ciiinfle mUvsm^ rroftic*.

Ala ii*mi fli-? rrtw ju^jxiH pan^-lOWt ninmitoflailv T*stw3.

WfltTE FDR FREE CATALOG il77 aff^rir^ avni TQO HunicDiidiictQr'S ciirrFcd In it^di.

Send! !l3>f EiDmp

TERMS; Send check tsr mLtiev Dfder ^^S. iumk) miFi brdtr. Add M pO^bBij^'far U.S..

Camda irid Mnxicti. ttJfiQ' Nandlrng t/unp rm tirdkrs uinl^f SIflL GSAliP. rMidrfnIi odd €?& Hil#i

tax. Fareigiii wrders add 1 [!!&. fkiit^. CdO ordiir] -3\iii i\ .DO Sertvi diarsit

MORE SPECIALS:

RC4ia5DN -TEi^/ fJ 55tiiA VDtTAGi REGULATOR UtC. A^iik«s a nAat Hight^y FflgutBted ' 1EV Supply i Requifet Onty unrAgutatifd DC -jIB-i^C^VI snd ^ Wiilti DaiS S^^l Arrd SchiirrKi,ti.cs. 8-pin mOW RCi^lSeQiiatl 741 LowNaiscOp AmpmDJF' LM13D4 F?W MyJtIplex Stereo Chsniixlulanir 0\? LM^IIl FM rF Subsvstem (iF Amp, D«Uj Limii&|-) DIP 1^^263 Mot Carrier Dioda 0.4 V S ImA 0.1 jis [>03:& ZENERS-^pAcify Voltags 2.2, 23. 4.2, ^-1, ^-S, a,^ 9.1. 10. 12. 15, 1?. 13. 30. 22, 24. 27. -)* 33(V (-10%)

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ADVA

BOX 4181 EP, WOODSIDE, CA 94062 Tel. (415) 851 0455

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DIG ETA L MMET3lri SK7MDH SK741()K

$N74G1:N

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SN74T&N SN747BN 5N74SBN

UNEARiC'i

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,IB .IB IB

IB .4B .3E 44

LINEAR ir&

LanipuFt $7.Bit)

LM31]?tf .ff

KMiimnN -BB

3/S1 JiMXfHK .94

Z/S1 kM31tN JD

t).lHl''LM32DK.-E \J35

2.U LM32(1K-12 1.35

12.00 iLMS'iQK. 15 1.35

|.M34B'H'^ J.M34BT.5 ■IM34BT-E LM34D1 12 tPfl34llMS LIUS34{17Z4 LM37BU' LM3T7N LIMSON

NEESBA LI^7B9CH \ LUIKCH

' imnu*

'!iH-J35« LM741G44 }LMJ41CM* |yW741CM14 ' LJ1747CK 743CJ »FP 7491^ dtp i44[;PfnDIP LMf.3B4K LMI4&9K* lM?111Fi

CA3DZSA CA3il4i

CA3QBB"

LM39H]I1IV

RC4ig4D

Ri:4l^4TK*

RC4til&DN^

flMlSBTIt''

LIVI4Z5<1C1U

nus&BDiu

M&5E1V MA7B9BUC

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51 .ZD 1.2fl 1.2CI 1.20 1.ZD qJO

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1.2S 2/^

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1/$1

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1.5E 1.9E 1,TB

1.45 .6Z

3.iB

1.Z5

2.ZE

2.M

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.51

1.^

3JS

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% '^'SUPER SPECIALS; ^

ELECTRONICS

1N34 Ger»tianium DjodE 10/$1

llVfSI^ IQQV/lOmAUiode 20/S1

1N4QCJI 50V/ 1 A Ftectififlr IB/HI

1M4154 30V 1M914 25/?! Bfll 50V !.4A Bridge Rec 4/*l

2N2222 f4PIJ Transieccir 6/^1

2(V2907 PMP Transistor «/$!

2IM3055 iPtJwer .KiHOr 10A SO. 75 2M3904 N PN A^np/Sw iJI 00 $/S1 JN 3906 PNP Ainp/Sw ,1 1 00 6/'S1 CPBEiO PowBi' PET %Amp fi5

FSA2S01M Dcocte Array MPFlOa 200A1Ni RF Amp 4D673 MOSFET RF Anip Lft/1324 Quad 741 0|} Aitip L(^376PotVoJtfli;griiOIP f4EB5B Timdr iriDJP LM723 2 37VReiD(P iM741 Comp Op Amp mCHf IM 1458 Dual 741 rrtDIP CA30aS & Trjns Array Dif RCA2^Piflir XiiXot 1A 3QW

fiF391 RF Powflr Amp Transistor 10 2BW @3aOMHi TO 3 &5&>f Tirrtsr 1j,iJ'1h^r Differfitit pmout from 555 fw/dlata! RC4194TK Di>af Tracking Ragufator -^0,2 to SOV !P 2aOmA JQ-^ nC:4t&5TK Dual tracktrrg R#gLiFatc»r ±1BV & 100mA lTO-663 e03B VVflv^forrri Gftrwrdior "X n A W*» With Circuits S Date

a/*i

3/$1

$1.7S

.94

.i)S

.38

3/41 6/41 3/St

.70

£5.00

3/$t $2.5D £2.25

*3.7S

SPECIALS -THIS MONTH ONLY

tN34A

tN27a

1W914

1M6263

F7

Germanium Diode GOV 10mA Germanium Diode 80V 200mA Silicon Diode 100V TOmA Hot Carrier Diode (HP2300, etc.) Power Varactor 1-2W Out @ 432MHz (Specs & Circuits included with F7) DIODE GRAB BAG-Mixed zeners, rectifiers, etc«

2iU706

2N91&

2N2e09

21^12920

2I\I3904

2I\I4122

2N48G9E

2N4888

E112

TIS74

[\1PN High-Speed Switch 75ns UHF Transistor-Osc/Amp up to 1 GHz P'Channel FET Amplifier 2500/jmhos WPW Dual Transistor 3mV Match ;i225 HPU Amp/Switeh pi 00 40V 200mA

PNP RF Amplifier & Switch N'Channel Audio FET Super Low-f\loise 150 Volt PMP Transistor for Keyer N-Channel FET VHF RF Amp N'Channel FET High-Speed Switch 40n

TO -220 Mounting Kit-Mica insulator & bushing

10/Sl

4/St

25/$1

$1.00

$2.0Q

sa/$i

4/$1

4/$1

$1.00

2.95

8/Sl

3/S1 2/$1 2/$1 3/$1 3/$1

10/$1

LM308H LM309K

LIV1317K LM380ni niESSSA

LM723CN

LM747

2102

2740DE

CA3QiaA CA3028A

CA3075E

RC4558

N555GV

l\)5558V

8038

8223

LP-10

Low Bias Current Dp Amp- Super 709 5 Volt Regulator TO-S

Adjustable Voltage Regtdator 2'37V 2 Watt Audio Power Amplifier DIP

Phase Locked Loop DIP

Precision Valtage Regulator DIP

Dual 741 Compensated Op Amp DIP 1024 Bit Static RAM (1024 x 1) DIP FET-lnput Op Amp- like WE 536//iA740 4'Transistar Array/Darfingtoo RF/IF Amplifier DC to 120MHz

FM IF Amp/Limiter/Detector DIP

Dual High Gain Dp Amp mDIP

Precision Fast Op Amp mDIP

Duaf Hi Gain Op Amp- Comp. mOIP Function Generator/VCO with circuits 25G-Bit PROM (32x8) 50ns

LOGIC PROBE kit-TTl, CMOS, etc. Machined case included -!4 hr. assembly

$0.84

.84

3.50

.94

.94

3/$l 2/S1 $1.75 1.95 .99 1.45

1,45

3/S1

2/$1

3/Sl

$3.75

2jg

$7.8S

SEND FOR ADVA'S NEW 1978 CATALOG OVER 700 SEMICONDUCTORS, KITS, CAPACITORS, ETC.-SEND 13<; STAMP,

ELECTRONICS

BOX 4181 EP WOODSIDE, CA 94062 TeL (415) 851 0455

A24

235

;;[

RiLLEI ELECTB«»Cf

P. O. BOX 19442E DALLAS, TEXAS 75219

B8

* Mo COO'S,

* TtM^flHtffantia^d &%¥«*■» tux.

• FiHngn orttan add lOHfc t30% «lmui]1

* Ordan. awH SSO. Ufcs 10% tfveofint.

PHONE OHOERS (214/823-3240) OM MASTERCHAROE & VISA

^ K

D/cf Somebody Mention Parts? Well, Here Are Just A Few Of The Items We Have. All Parts Are Prime & Guaranteed!

"=5-

1

160W NPN Darlingtons

HOUSE NO. 2N6283 TO-'S Power Transistors with Hfe of over 5,000! 80V Vceo. Outper- forms MJ3001

Limited Qty.! - $1.00

8A Complimeritary Daflington Power Transistors, MJ900 PNP. MJIOOO NPN. 90 Watts, Build high power ^udiO amps.

Buy a Pair for $3.00! I

2ENER Special!

ALL UNITS PRIft/lEI

Overstocked tjn these units:

IN 3030 1W 27 volt

House no. !^W 5.4 V

House no> .4W 12.6V

9 for $1.00is

MC1351P FM IF, Limiter, Discriminator & AF Pre-Amp

14 PIN IC. COMPLETE FM SOUND SUS SYSTEM USES MINIMUM EXTERNAL COMPONENTS. COMPLETE SPECS AND APPLICA- TIONS INFORMATION. . , ., _,.*.-.-.

House # - 5/$1.00

General

Purpose NPN

2hiaSG9 Fairchild Vceo ^ 60V Hfe ta 300. 800MW power, gp^xy TO-5. Limited Qryt

6 for $1.00

MULTICOLORED 25 CONDUCTOR

Ribbon Cable No. 2B wire with a woven binder for easv seperation. Super flex ibitUiyl Compare our priced

10' Roll S2.9S

50' Roll S9.95

fVIC1469R

VOLTAGE REGULATOR fC

HNth m limgl* vxl«rnBi c«n:nof from j to 30 voIlL PrOu^tlOfii for cuTTViSI limil tf*6 t«^ iThoti? thirliJoRifi . CofT^jteie rxq and aod^i- ani&fn nDUH !■# i:'iictLulKl. $1 JR& tvfh m yWim^ EMtcffifll fefi«5 &ta will m&tiOt cuffvnti to "iO arnOi,

2N5590

RF POWER TRANSISTOR

Jysi what you've been fooking for: TO Watts with 13.5V DC suppty. Frequencies to 300 MHZ, Limited Quantity!

$3.95

PMOS Counter Chips

Single digit pr^e-settable up or down BCD counter with 7 ^gmeni decoded output/ driver has internal latch. Re quires 1 12, 6i +24VDC. Build counters, timers, etc. Com- plete specs, 24 Pin IC 4/$5.00

Wideband AMP IC, High Gain

TOOKhi to over 20Mhz. Good S?-pJ for IF's and low frequency 3 Complete Specs I

CA3011 50<? each

Heatshrink

Tubing

SPECIAL A v«iy godd astort mem f>f 3f2T\ t/r-, 3/irv t/4*^ and 7/1 e" hMt«tvinl ii^ng 17 p U, 6" ktngtftt lor .TS fiMortrnt co^'-i

^Q^

Quad Matched Diodes

Four closely match^ 1N914 type dicHtes for balanced bridge or

#30 Silver Plated

Wirewrap wire with Ky- nar** lacket. 4 colors available, 100 ft, of each color

BULtrr LUCKV NUMBER' Stwlitig n«xl imm m rmnikmt r^ - 1t«t eorfitiiKxicli to »

nicfnflMf kp<'< '.^'<-. ij' ui\i< i^u^ j-^oigi-. The ittailbut ts vMtttt $1dQ! WattiH fat the siseciAl numbBf on voui

$4.95

(400')

WE ALSO SELL A GROWING LINE

OF QUALITY KITS. WE HAVE SHIPPED lOOO's!

f^^

PS-14 HIGH CURRENT REGULATED POWER SUPPLY KIT

craT. no fntli. h^Mf ihiPf power tufiply at irw «imi d%hm*

12V @ 15AcoNTiiiuoys,

;:.■!! i C.-:.iiii l^utailinf In- iN

Lh.'^ rii^M I , t|p|i|p 1Q iinipt I I El tn aJ.dV

AM ^Min ^MV^MiHcli iliJiliMhiiu IiviItv duTV

LenCaw.

$39.95

UPSSHlPPiftjr,

FAIDf

-^t^j^ttmww

POWf tl SUt*PLY ACCCS50RIES Oualiiv 3%" M«l«n tar PS-14 ro 25A: O 15 VDC) In^ivitfuiliv Pich»f#d. N'Dt Surphii i12J&Q/s«t

t

OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION KIT

Prcviflift rlvi4t» niuirarKf far yzfuf exncriS4w« equiprtiefil.

He ir om 3 to 30 volts Ovirtvottsge ' jCR and! ^lorts iht* ouKJUMo nrolect : be u^ed an uniU thd^t i^tP. fn^tKi. Di 'tjcily cniTiEi.itibie with the PS 12 Jnd PS 1*^ AH electmn cs^uiJniitfri- Dnlk'tl and Fitati&d PC tionrd. (Ordar OVPD

$6,95

MINI GRANDFATHER CLOCK KIT

jult trt eane vQu have 5PEnl thg ijift iIa nnonrht Fa Sihmtn, WQ v^lll telf you on« (HDti tirra iKai BULLET hri« the ONLY Coprnikitalv Eltcironic Grqitdfatliur CJpck Kii jn iha wurici lliul hirs s\\ \hif lii^ow lilted te'Bturei. Thi binm prablam wv hjivB J I ID irv and deicribfr liow unlQun and ijnciiinilni] rKit dock really M H\ti Ringing L£0 ^■ndulum md Mnchit^ T|«k^iock «OMf>(t «(« Avfiiilabiii onlv ciTi Cut etacki. In addition lh4 «lictrtMkchinn« HQi^ e^di Itaur <l« 3 limR IcMT 3 o'cfoek,). hiCH^«d in fh« optiorui SOLID HARDWOOO CASE^ ihfe un4i mjikcf a beaulifk:; addiiioi^ ID mttv ruatn m wa^l m « fr«ai iftii^ ' %'" * duoil LEO rsadouf

* lyifutibfci Ton* §t Durmiien en ChiflV

* AM/PMinEHntor

* SwuullItU wining |MAdLiM*m vm L EOS

* All CMOS cofutTijcliofi

" All tfvctrania, B«nicl«H and Tr9fn$Qtmm ine,

* Cbj«lilv plaltii PC boatk rzl 63" h 4 J^"

MG-01 $39.

QEAtrriFUL SOLID HAflD«VQQP CAS€ FOR Md-OI. Cnm IS cut, groenvd md Ftni&hid far c]ac^ Includfit Ri.^y frorit filldf. Quiclt €j»v

irsWfTibJy T^n^irn, snty 4 scrtvw* (InclydwJ) $19J95 CHfllSTMAS/HOL^DAy SPECIAL^ iuV an MG'-OI at r&gulBT price ^nd s)9l 9tiH cnic for ei law S12,iS. Vdut totsF coil $62,90. Good till 1/31/7a.

^wffllfflwf$?w

MK-05 MINI MOBILE CLOCK

Ti^ vn^i^iEXl mid brit pnci^d rnptiilt! clock kti <ia ih* frLir hei OevunHi to be « mtibi^e cSdCk frcKtt iHf Qfgund up Thiett tiiS fiB«n no compforniie or quafitv FEATTJHES

* aAjtftz crif9t9l lirnctHK

* Toraid ft zin» nqiw A DvimoittB^ pfotectMun ' Ui^fied ir^.Vda^t LEOf«KkadL

* Qtfi^jiBia witi twtynjttui* 24 hj. alarniL

* 0-t4yDC^^tQ30xn»

* (4«adaua cai b# motJiWMd

* EAS¥,QUlC)t ASSEMfiLV

* AH comporiHiT} raqumd nucluded tyow lupfMf ifii «e«^kEr|

* Top quality drillMf flfKt pItMt PC bodr^ Dock board 15*^7" ReMlcKii boirtt 3J/d"x.7&"

.1^9)i

krii«<vm I

(

AIA-^4?S CLOCK /CALENDAR AUTO/HOME CLOCK KIT

NattiirL§ h)m to buyl Can be p«n«i maurvtvd. GfVBl for V*ni & RV'tl

We deipwd thh to be a SUPER CLOCK Kvith ALL lh« (eituret you wanL Quilftv tk^kd PC bounds tnako ai«mtsly Mokit# f12VDC} oT homti (12VAC>

Inivr^ Ti

W' L£D Rvwlout " AMiinyl Indi'CJihDn

* 28/30^1 d*y cat^mlv t&sf^ft uitnifnaticailv di nuniullv

* Oi^li'r mn b« dimfiMd exr hlank4d

* Fliahiftg Colon counti the secofH^

Aimtm with SnQQiw fmmtmm^ * Blain Mnd ¥d4t«9t pru-

* Sinqla froni miMintiid fOtiry switch f alacti alt f uncti onii

Ajijcti titanal OotlOilt

34 hour lorrnjt; Alitf 43.

12V AC XFMfl *or |10 oPitTtion

iddSUi

$21.50 ^lil

236

NEW LSI TECHNOLOGY

FREQUENCY COUNTER

TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS NEW STATE-OF*THE-ART COUNTER FEATllRrNG THE MANY BEN EFITS OF CUSTOM LSr CJRCUITRY. THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY APPROACH TO INSTRUMENTATiON YIELDS ENHANCED PERFORMANCE, SMALLER PHYSICAL SIZE. DRASTICALLY REDUCED POWER CONSUMPTION [PORTABLE BATTERY OPERATION IS NOW PRACTICAL], DEPENDABILITY, EASY ASSEMBLY AND BEVOLUTIONARY LOWER PRtCINO! t||Q9B

KIT tfFC'S'O C ^^ kiMT .iririllUTEQ UftTU i^ABI^e-V- * n o I I V

KH#PSL-e50

MODEL iFCSOWT MODEL #FC-50^ $00 WT

fii>«

a{3 MKZ COyNIE^ WITH CAaiNCT & P,S iM MH2 PftESCALER J NOT SHOWN J . . .

. «a MHZ COUNTER WIRED. TEFT

€QQ MHZ COUNTER WIRED. TEST£P S C

v-AL ■

OPf«lilcf««lli£JM««

•i*faije*^

POHtt

ilAflllto

fi»P

i/mtic

t«Tt'

itic

^tfit*i«

DttEC

COMPLETE! . 29.95

.165.95 . 199.95

SIZE:

3'*High

6" Wide S^^*^D&ep

FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS:

DISPLAY B RED LED DIGITS .4" CKARACTEH HEIGHT GATE TIMES: 1 SECOND AND t/10 SECOND PHESCALEft WILL ^Vt IN&mE COUNTER CAaiNET RESOLUTION; 1 HZ AT t SECOND, tO MZ AT 1/10 SECOND, FREOUtNCY RANGE: fO HZ TO iSOMHZ- "SS MH2 TYPICAL]. SENSITIVITY: 10 MV ¥1MS TO m MH2, 2d MV RMS TO «0 MHZ TYP MPUT IMl*EOANCE t MEGOHM AND 20 PF.

IDIODE PROTECTED INPITT FOR OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION. j ACCWBACY: _^ \ PPM ■ * OOOl'^. 3 :AFTER CAUBflATlON TYPICAL. STAfllLiTT WITHIN I PPM PER HOUR AFTER WARM UP [.Wi%^-- XTAL| IC PACKAGE COUNT « fALL SOCKETED; INTERNAL POWER Sl/PPiY. S V DC REGULATED. INPUT POWER REQUIREf}: B*1Z VDC OR 115 VAC AT SO/60 HZ. POWER CONSUMPTION: 4 WATTS

KITftFC-SOClS COMPLETE WITH PREDPaLEO CHASSIS AL WIRED « TESTED UNITS ARE CALIBRATED

PLEXIGWS CABINETS

GrsjMor Clocks or any LED Di^tral proiect Cl&ar-Pe<i Chassis serves as Bezel lo increase contrasi of d^^tur SABINET I d<9Dtavs

3"H.BJ4"WJ)4"D Btach, Whit« or

Clear Cover

CABINET II

$6.50

ea

REOOH GREY PLEXIGIAS FOR DIGITAL BEZELS

SEf THE WORKS Clocl KH

CI«Ar PttclQlit Stind

•<&Big 4' digits 4T2ar24hr time «3sei switcties *PluQ irans^Ofme^ »ail parts included

Piexigias is

Kit #850-4 CP

^

•23*» 2/*«. ^^

XTAL TIME BASE

Wiliena&l« Digital Clock Kits prCrock^Caiendaf Ki(stooDerat« *fom I2V0C r«2- PC Board Pow«rReq 5- 15V {2 5 MA TYP J Easy 3 wirehOc^Nup Accuracy ± 2PPM

#TB-1 (Adjusiabie Complete Kii I Jff

WIr &CalS0.95

L HARDWARE AND STEP-SY-STEP iNSTRUCTIOKS AND GUARANTEED.

SPECIAL PRieiNG!

PRIME - HIGH SPEED RAM

21 L02-3

LOW POWER - FACTORY FRESH

1-24 $1.75 ea. 100-199 SI. 45 ea 2S-99 1-60 ea. 200-999 1.39 ea

*1.29

1000 AND OVER

ea.

S-aiBlT LEO CLOCK CRLEHORR KII

oRrs- wns-snoo3£ RLRRW $ mORS... m mi

FOR TME eUlLOER THAT WANTS THE BEST. FEAtUftlf^G 120R W HOUR TIME -

29-30-31 DAY CALENDAR, ALARM. SMOOZE AND AUX. TiMER CmCUtTS

Will alternate time 18 seconds) and date (2 seconds) or mav be wired for time or date dtsplav onlv. with other functions of\ demand. Has buift in oscillator for battery back-upn A loud 24 hour aiarnfi with a repeatabte 10 minute snooze alarm, alarm set & timer set indicators. Includes 110 VAC/SOHi power pack with cord and top Quafitv components through out. —-^^i^

KIT 70O1 B WITH 6 ^ 5 OJGITS *39 95 KIT 70O1C WITH 4 6 ■ DIGITS h

2 3 DIGITS FOR SECONDS M2 9&

KIT 7001XWITH6 6" DIGITS 445 95

L

700tC DISPLAY

JUMBO DIGIT CLOCK

A complete Kit (less Cabinet) featuring : six S' dtgits/MM5314 !C 12/24 Hr. time, PC Boards, Transformer, Line Cord, Switches and all Parts. Ideal Fit in Cabinet II

Kit #5314-5 *19^® 2/*38-

^^

ea.

70C1 *. OtSPL*^^'

SSSQSB

KITS ARE COMPLETE [tESSCABI^tETl ALL TOOT KITS P<T CABINET t AND ACCEPT QUART2CRYSTAL TIME BASE KIT f T8 1

r

,?rjoi a L'li.F-Li'

^if^

JUMBO DIGIT AQg

CONVEBSTION K!T SI

Convert small digit LED clock to large .5" displays. Kit includes 6 - LED's Mulllplex PC Board & Hook up info. KH #JD-1CC For Common Cathode Kit #JD-1CA For Common Anode

PfllNTEO CIRCUIT BOARDS for CT 7O01 KHi soki ^jeparaTfrry M*th a%se<mblv tnfo. PC B^G-ards are dfilted F>be*did&$ solder pt»t«d and scre^^ned ¥rnh componcfit layout

AUTO BURGLAR ALARM KIT

■«0*i|*JU.L. II tCH.1110 KLTlLIU iLtAAH HM

iHC;i.WH«& 0CI*4f1} cnA*«kiCi tmO M KTftLCTOHt OW ArVMt.iitkf WtmB Jii*f)i

KIT#AiR-1 $9,95

tALR-IWT

WIRED &

TESTED

VARIABLf REGULATED

I AMP POWEA SUPPLY KIT

A isf^-^rK- i,i,r'.^4j'T PROOF

■ T23 IC HeSULATOS

» ^i30i5 PASS TIlANSiSTOH • CumREMT LiMmMG AT I Amp AIT t$ COMPlETC INGUIOIMG QRillEC» & SOLDEA PtAtCO Fr&ERGLASS PC SOARO AND I'.L PARTS iLeM TRAfttS,,

■ . =^M£Ri KlTtPS-Of it tS ■' iNSFOflMEPi ;4'^ CT *'<!

■ Je 3QQUA of iZVAifid

a^^*

v^B

MODEL

t200l

H"OISnS!

12 VOLT AC or DC POWERED

!H 0135

6 jyPMBQ A- R£D LCD S fiEHlHD RED FILTER LElsrS WlT» CHROME RIH

SET TIME FROM FRONT ¥IA HIDDEN SWITCHES • 12/24-Hf. TIME FORMAT

STYLISH CHARCOAL GRAY CASE OF MOLDED HIGH TEMP- PLASTIC

6R}0CE POWER INPUT CIRCUITRY — TWO WIRE NO POLARITY HODK-UP|

OPTIONAL CONNECTION TO BLANK DiSPLAT! Use When Key Olf *n C»r, Elc;.|

« TOP OUALJTY PC BOARDS I « MOUNTINa BRACKET INCLUD£D KIT *2v^l A^^i^gg

COMPONENTS - INSTauCnONS.

COMPLETE ^n

% OR MORE

115 VAC

Power PdCk

*AC-t

ASSEMBLED UNITS WlAED & TESTED

ORDER »20D1 WT jLESS 9V BATT^HTJ

WiFEd for rS'Hr Qp. H rwt QthtwiM ipgcHied.

♦ 3796

EA

3 OH MORE

U J ea.

OPTOELECTRONICS, INC.

OADER &Y PHONE OA MAIL COO ORDERS WELCOME

BOX 219 HOLLYWOOD. FLA. 33022 PHONE [305] 921-2056 / 921-4425

03

ORDERS TO USA 4 CANADA ADD 5 ' FOR SHIPPING. NANDLtNG & INSURANCE. ALL OTHERS ADD ^^^' . ADDITIONAL Si 00 CHARGE FOR ORDERS UNDER SIS oq - COD FEE SI. 00, FLA. RES, ADD * r STATE TAX

237

TRICO TRICO TR<CO TRICO TflICO TRICO TRICO

TRICO TRICO TRICO TRICO TRICO TRICO TRICO

30 MHZ LOW COST FREQUENCY COUNTER KIT

Features:

* Frequency Range— IOOH2 to 30H2 min., Tesolution tOO Hz

* AllTTL Circuitrv—Mo tears in the eyes when replacing ICs

* FET Input Stage— Offers high input impedance

* Hfgh Sensitivity— ISmV typical

* Xytal Time Base— IOMH2 for better accuracy

* On Board Regulator— No external power supply needed

* All iCs Socketed— Easy to service

* Easy to Operste— No switches to flip

* Tin Plated 8t Screened Board— For easy assembly

KIT INCLUDES: Detailed Instructions (22 pages). All parts includmg transformer (case not available^

CI i A *

COMPARE

and

SAVE!

)i4

t,,**p.-*j»^

,,*-^#r#r##»ii*''

$54

95

i

KPT *T-2*<|-S0fi

PUT YOUR HAM GEAR OR CB IN YOUR HOUSE WITH THIS SPECIALLY DESIGNED POWER SUPPLY KIT!

A lot of compsnies offered you this kind of power supply with very poor quality- Either the rippie is too high or the output voltage is not stable. Some of them even made their power supply with a zener diode and a resistor J Mobody has ever considered the safety of your equipment. With our kit, you can be sure of high quality and your equipment is protected against any failure of your power supply by 3 built in OVP circuit.

KIT IfVCLUDES: Transformer, PC Board, Larqe heat sink. Large filtering ONLY ftlfi fifi

capacitor and all the parts with detailed instruction.

KIT *r-Tao

i

I

I

i

WOW! LOOK AT THIS !

5V 10A Power Supply Kit for your TTL Circuits!

Kit Includes: Extra Large Heat Smk^ Pow- er Jr., IC Regulator, P.C. Board, with OVP Circuitfv. „„ ^ $1 T ,95

KIT # T-500

With optional m Fih^rin^ Capacitor.

Rectifiers and

$14.95

fX 'former not available)

6-DIGIT AUTO CLOCK KIT WITH ALARM

C. X'tal tirr^etigiE

Features:

A. Fairchild0,5" FND 500 Series Dispiav ^' ^^ Boartis, speaker, iC's

B. Dispiav Boafd mav be ^"^ »" f^^rts.

remote

E- Detailed Instructions

$19^5

KIT # T-I34J2

MINIATURE SLIDE SWITCH

DPDT .20 each

10 for $1.75

100 for $15.00

HERE'S A MUST POR THE EXPERIMENTER'

2 ■20V @ 1 .3A Contmuously VanablB Pow- er SuppEv Kit, Kh Include^; P.C, Board, Transformer, Power Transistor, Heat Sink, IC Regui^ator & sH the parts v^ith detailed instruction, ^1 ?' QR

KIT # T^BI

0,B" 4 Digit Jumbo Display Alarm Clock Kit

Features: T>Jf« .^

A. Fairchild 0.8" FSC8000 Display Array 4 q. ^ 'S

B. Fairchtfd Super-Chip - F-3817PC '^ ^N^l

C. P.C. Board, Transformer, Speaker and all parts included {less case) Sifi SO

D. Detailed Instructions

PUSH BUTTON SWITCH

Red, Wlilte, green and yellow 30« ea. 4/$1,00

3'' GIANT SOLAR CELLS

The largest, most powerful solar cells available. 0.9amp @ Q,45V. C^n be ganged for higher voltage or current- Special for just $7.35 ea. 10 for $69.95

POWER TRANSISTORS

MATCHED PAER MOTOROLA M J £2955 PNP MJE3055 NPN 10 AMP 60 VOLT 90 WATTS S2.25PERPA<R

MULTI-COLOR LED (NOrCATOR

Red -Green Colore in one LED

with Pl^tic Housing

99(t Ea. Voltage 2V 20 MA per LED

MINIATURE TOGGLE SWITCH

SPOT On-Off $1 .30 ea. DPDT OnOff $1.50 ea. 3PDT On -Off $1.75ea.

Mini-Size Rocker Type also available at the same psrice

CLOCK CHIPS

MM5375AA $4.25 MM5375AE S4.25

60 Hz Tim© Base IC MM 5369 $1,95

TRANSISTORS

NPN-Gener&t Purpose 30V 10/$1 .00 PNP-General Purpose 30V 10/$1 .00 2N2222-SwFtchfng 10/$1.50

2N3O55-150W Power l0/$6.73

2N6059-Dartrngtori Power, $3.25 ea. 20A HFE Ik Tvpieal

PLASTIC PUSH BUTTON SWITCH

J-1S3-1 Push On - Push Off

J-188-3 Normally Closed

J-188-2 Mormaliy Open

45t or 10y$4.00

CPU S080A ONLY$16.9S

Special from Tl

2716 - 16K FROM

ONLY $39.95

CRYSTALS

1MHz $4 -SO

4MHz $4.50

10MHz $4.50

INTER -COM BOARD

Fuifv assembled.

Works on 9--1BVD.C.

2 ^eakers make it work.

WEth Schemat/tc

ONLY $3.00

TANTALUM CAPACITORS

1p35V .15

1)U10V ,15

3.3ju35V .20

lOjuBOV .35

^2jLt35V ,25

BOURNS TRIMPOT

Cdmmercial Single Turn 2K 3305P

$L2SaB, 10y$10.00

Cerrnet Mil. Sp^. Multi-Turn 1K & 2K PJ24CX

$3.00 63. 10/$25.00

PANEL METERS

2'A" X 27*" 50nnA $3.00 150mA $3.00 100mA £3.00 300mA $3.00

WIRE-WRAP TOOLS from OK

Hobby Wrap -30 $5.45

Hobby Wrap— Mode! 8W-630 Bat- tery Op. (less batt.) $30.95

OPEN FRAME POWER SUPPLY

5V @ 3A with OVP 1 1 5V AC input $17.50

LED's

0,20'^

0.20''

0.125"

0.5"

0.5"

0.8"

Red 25« 10 for $1,75 Green 30* 10 for $2.50 Bed 2O4 10 for $1.75 FND503CX. $1,00

FND507 C.A. $1.00

FSCSOOOC.C. $5.00

COIVIPUTER GRADE CAPACITORS

6,000 /UF 75V 4.50

10,000 /ZF SOV 4.25

27,000 JLtF 50V 4,50

30,000 jLtF 16V 3.50

36,000 jUF SOV 4.00

63,000 JtiF 15V 3.95

100,000 iX¥ 5V 2,00

PRIME FROM ERIE

10-40p M\n\ Capacitance Trimmer

75<J:ea, 10/$5.00

SPECIAL

THE MONTH

AN214'4.5W Power IG with spec. Supply voltage = 13V $2.96 ea.

IV1H0026-5MHZ Clock Driver 6V 130mA A/C Adaptor /charger 0.2" -Red Fairchild UE.D. 14-pin Lo pro IC Socket 16-pin Lo pro IC Socket

$1,95 ea.

$1.25 ea. 100/$ 10. 00 100/$ 16.00 100/$ 17. 00

03IH1 ODIHI ODIdi 03IU1 03101 OOlHl 03IU1

■rKiMui ctianji

II

' EtHimiERJCMI f

wet Or™;

T21

ODia±

TERMS: Money Qack Gustsniee

CALIF RESIDENTS AnO ft% SALES TAX

Please add $i .00 for posfa^t inside Calrf., $3,00 for Out of State, Overseas add 10% of order Minifnum QftSerSSOO CO.D. S30.00 fSl .QQ famdiin^f STORE HOLIRS Mon.Sat , ID'7

PHONE 714/6 21-0234

ELECTRONIC SUPPLIES

Pteaie i&end your checK or money arder to: P.O. Box 4208, Anatieim Ca, 92803 Visit our new lacation it: 2755 W. Lincoln A^e,, Sutte L. AnahBim. Ca- '&2801

Qomi 03IU1 ooiyi odibi o^mx odiwx oDmi

l>-*l

23S

Digital Research Corporation

16K E-PROM CARD

S 1 00(1 MSAl/ALTAIR) BUSS COMPATIBLE

DEALER INQUIRES INVITED SPECIAL OFFER; Our 2708*s (hSO NS) are $12.95 when purchased wiih above kit.

$69,95(KiT)

IMAGINE HAVING 16K

OF SOFTWARE ON LINE AT ALL TIME!

KIT IKATURES:

L Double sided PC Board with solder mask and silk screen and

Gold plated contact Hngers. 2. Selectable wait states. /^ USES

J. All address lines ±tnd data lines buffered!

4. AH sockets included,

5, On card regulators. KIT INCLUDES ALL PARTS AND SOCKETS! (EXCEPT 2708 s)

ADD S25 FOR ASSEMBLED AND TESTED

FULLY STATIC! $149-00 KIT

MT FEATURES:

1. Double sided PC Board wiih solder mask and silk screen layout. Gold plated contact fingers.

2. Ml sockets included! S^l 00 tlMSAI/ALTAIR) .1. FuJly buffered on all address and data lines. BUSS COMPATIBLE

4. Phantom is jumper selectable to pin 67.

5. FOUR 7805 regulators are provided on card,

♦ — — *

8K LOW POWER RAM KIT!

.f

USES 21L02-1 RAM'S.

PRICE WAR!

For a limited time only: Buy two 8K Kits for $129 ea.

Fully Assembled and Burned In — Blank PC Board With Dociimentation —

TAKE THAT BILL GODBOUT!

$179-00 29.95

COMPUTER GRADE CAP,

48,000 MFD 25 WVDC Malloiy

TR1602BUART

S4.50

$3.95

NEW!

T, L ASCII CHARACTER GENERATOR TMS 4103 JC 28 PIN CER DIP. Has seven bit COLUMN Output for use with Matrix hard copy devices. With specs.

MOTOROLA imSR VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Same as standard 7805 except 750 MA

OUTPUT. TO 220. 5VDC OUTPUT.

$ .44 each 10 FOR $3.95

» POSITION DIP SWITCH

By Cts. Fits \b Piti Socket. SIM

RCA HOUSE #2N3772 NPN Power Transisior. 30 AMP,

150 W. VCEO 60. TO-3. Vastly oui performs 2N3055. Reg. List $3.04

2 FOR SI

ifit^ '' 4K STATIC RAM'S '^^^i

21 14, The industry siaiidard. 18 PIN DIP, Arranged as IK X 4, Equivalent to FOUR 21 L02*s in ONE package? TWO chips give 1 K X 8. with data.

2 FOR S24

450 N,S,!

NATIONAL SEML IVIA10U3 CAR CLOCK

Noi a kit. Complete tested mudule. Works on 12 VDC. has on board time base. Sold by others at S24.95. Big .30'' Bright Green Digits, Same as used by Detroit in new cards.

« ■ >*f 1.*' 'H ■■ tt 1 *■ * *

t '■

■ i2 MS

' ■ <

$19.95

EDGE CONNECTOR — $hSO

Z - 80 PROGRAMMING MANUAL

By MOSTEK* the major Z - 80 second source. The most detailed explanation ever on the workings of the Z - 80 CPU CHIPS. At least one full page on each of the 158 Z - 80 instructions. A MUST reference manual for any user of the Z - 80. 300 pages. Just off the press! A D,RX, exclusive! $12.95

2708

1KX8 EPROMS

2708

Prime new units from a major U.S. mfg, h50 N.S. access lime. Equivalent to four l702A's in one package!

Sl5.75each

TERMS; ORDERS UNDER S 15 ADD $ ,75. NO C.O-D, WE ACCEPT VISA, MASTER CHARGE AND AMERICAN EXPRESS CARDS. MONEY BACK GUARANTEE ON ALL ITEMS. TEXAS RESIDENTS ADD 5% SALES TAX,

Digital Research Corporation

p. O, BOX 401247 • GARLAND, TEXAS 75040 •(214) 271-2461

(FORMERLY DRC)

WE PAY POSTAGe

D20

239

ADD 32K OF MEMORY TO YOUR COMPUTER - $475

NOW YOU CAN PURCHASE FOUR OF OUR POPULAR 8K X 8 ECOKORAM lltm MEMORY KITS FOR $^^75. . .THAT' S 32K OF MEMORY FOR LESS THAN $0-0019 PER BIT!

Those, who krtow memory recognize the Godbout board as not just an exceptional value (it's no secret we know how to keep costs down), but as an example of how to pack extra options into a basic rrremory board. Extras like a vector interrupt provision If you try to write Into protected memory. Con- figuration as two independent kK blocks (both pro- tectable separately) ■ A selectable write strobe for either PWR or MWRITE, An all static design. The ability to handle DMA devices* Guaranteed speed under 450 ns (with on-board wait state logic for use with h HHz Z-80) and guaranteed current under 1 . 5A (1250 mA typ) . And of course.ii sockets for all ICs, legended board with solder mask, one year warranty on parts. . .we* ve got it all.

12A at 50% duty cycle. .CiSV regulation J current limiting, crowbar over- voltage protection. Easy to build, compact kit.

Excellent for powering ham, CB, and automotive equipTnent from the AC line. Please include^ sufficient postage; case S hardware not included.

I o o o

C LA O O O ■ ♦ i

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(N (N fH

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^ ^ » i-i S.P LA Lrt

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HORE COMPUTER KITS

CPU Power Supply S SO

Gives SV @ 4A with crowbar overvoltage protec- tion, +12V @ 4A, -12V @ %A, and an adjustable 5- lOV bias supply. Although intended for small computer systems , this is also a dandy little bench supply fox digital experiments.

10 Slot Motherboard $ 90

Includes 10 edge connectors; use as IMSAI add-on or for stand alone system. Active, regulated terminations minimize crosstalk, overshoot^ and other bus problems, Epoxy glass board, quality parts J S'lOO compatible, heavy power traces.

18 Slot Motherboard $ 124

Same features as above, but with IS slots + edge connectors.

Terminator Board $29.50

Add active terminations to your bus, and clean up th^ noise, crosstalk, ringing, and overshoot that can foul up data £tnd crash programs . Plug into 1 slot of an S-100 compatible motherboard, and you are ready to go.

RF POWER TRANSISTORS

2M^F-\ ($A.95) 2 GHz RF

250c 3*5W, Pout mini mum

efficiency & 2 GHz 30^.

2NRF-2 ($5*95) 2 GHz RF

Pie B

Pd max ^

310 mW,

POWER TRANSISTOa. § 2 GHz LOW, Pjn

A package. Sim RCA 2NS470 POWER TRANSISTOR, Pd max S-7W, Pout 2,5W, Pin 300 mW, efficiency 33^. B package. Similar to RCA TA8407. ZHRF-3 (56,95) 2 GHz RF POWER TRANSISTOR. Prf 21W, Pout 5^5W, Pin 1.25W, efficiency 33^., B package. Smi lar to RCA 2'N6269. 2HRF-4 ($7-95) 2 GHz RF POWER TRANSISTOR, Pd 29W\ Pout 7-5W, Pin U5W, efficiency 33^, B package. Factory selected prime lUGlGS.

•

• ••••••••••••••

• •••••••*•*•

The "Periodical Guiiie for Computerists'^ is an index of articles for the compu- ter hobby^ist. Indexed by topic so you can find articles you ^ re looking for fast, or research a particular topic. Covers magazines like Kilobaud, Byte, Creative Computing,. 73, Dr, Dobbs, EDM, Interface. . .many others. Ltd qty.

Jan-Dec 1976 index (2G pg) ...$S.OO

Jan "June 1977 index (ZZ pg) $S.O0

Both editions for .,.,.,...*...**,. $S . 00

• •••••••• lir • • • • •

A lot of people have been looking for- ward to the Heath Company US.** and we will be happy to supply you with 12 K o£ meTTiory for it for {235, which i.s what Heath charges for their 8K board. Tl"tis kit has- th^ same features as our 8K X 8 ECtSiORAM TT™, with all static design, full buffering, switched pro- tect and phantom, our 2 block config- uration, and guaranteed specs. All parts warranted for one year.

• • • **•••••* •• •

if

TERMS; Add 50^ to orders under $U). Please add 5^ to cover shipping i ex- cess refunded. For ^lastercharge and VISA orders (|15 minimum) call areia code [415) 562-0636, 24 hours. We accept COD orders if !>treet address is included for UPS. Prices good through cover month of magazine.

BILL GODBOUT ELECTRONICS BOX 2355, OAKLAND AJRPORX CA 94614

FREE FLYER: Read any good books re- cently? Our flyer isn't strong on plot* but has quite a cast of char- acters. Meet strong, silent power supplies, seductive and exotic com- puter ICs, ».even explore some of the more passive types, like resistors and capacitors. Send for itl

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.fiS

CMOS

Ctr4W4

.a?

ccKwe

179

CD4047

?.50

0[>4l>jBi

I.3S

CD4W9

.4S

C04CS&

.4a

&C4CI51

1.19

CD4a53

1.19

aHQH

1.49

O04II5&

$W

CD^oeo

1.49

coiam

.70

CCMD6S

.1^9

co4ae9

AS

cworo

.56

^071

S3

CM072

..49

CD4j^7&

139

CD4aei

.23

CE>4M2

n

c[}4o»a

2.49

MCN4d^

14.9&

MCt441D

14.95

HC144t9

4,95

Htl^EOe

Ji

MClflSO?

.99

CIl45(rt

3.95

CEMSIfl

1.38

GD4511

1.30

CD451S

?.9S

KJJS^fl

1.29

CEM5H)

1,2?

MCt45a3

74CG0 74'[i(ia

74Ct0

7<IC14

74050

74C3D

74C42v

74C73

74C74

74083

74CSa-

7<CM

74CBe

74C1&7

740151

74j;i54

74C1S7

74Ciefr

74C1&1

74C163

74C1W

74CJ73

74C1ft3

74gi«

#0C9S

B0{;97

14. SO

3.5fl

S«rl«l

-6^ .75 .65 3.0(1 .65

.es

■.2.15 1.5a 1.1s 4.00 3.4H]

2.00 1.25

3.Dfl 2.14 33S 3.25 3.00 3.25

2.75 ?.75 1.50 !.5D

1i6-

XC2)Q9

Red

X020S-

SfCFII

XC2fl9

Orange

KC?fl9

YtftQw

aw-

JSC??

Art

XC22

Graan

XC22

rsHflft

T0C2?

Drjns«

SSL-22

RT

mt.

dil

&..'t1

4i^1 4,t1 4.'^1

5^t1 4.1^1 4.'E1 4'31 j.'tl

DISCRETE LEDS

)(CK?6 ftKl Si$i

KCS2G GrBcn A{l^

K^n Venn* 4'^i

>;0$S& Qw Alf]

XC&SB.

X.C55e KC55(I \C5S6

Qree<i

n\\m

[>r*igE Ctear

dJa.

XC111

xctn XCI11

4.'^ I

4;tl 4:'S1

?'^f

.190" dia. Rod iO.'il

Gwn 4^51

Vtdw,. 4,*1

Or.7igia j-f.l

WV50--^Ed -G.^i

li' !tV)(1.'1fi"

flat uau^

DISPLAY LEDS

LM30CIH

L.^3B1H

LMJDlClN

LM3fl2H

IMDIUH

LM305H

LM3MW

LM368CN.

U+.IWH

LM3IS9K

LMSIDCN

LM311K

LM311N

LM3l7l£

LM3ieiCN

LU3li9iy

L^320K-3

LM320K-D.2

Liy32DK-l3

LMazOKl-li

LW320T-5

LH 3207-8

IMSEDT-IZ"

LH32m"-lS

LM520t-1B

iW32DT-5*

LM324N

LM34^J<.-5

LMi4Dt!.-&

lM34(WJ

iM34(^42

LW34flK'15

Lli<34aK'1B.

IJM34aK-24

LM^OI -$

LM34aT'fi

LINEAR

.35

.as

.75

i.oa

1 w

1.10

1.2s

1 rs

1.S& 1 30 1.35 1.35 I.^S 1.35 1.25 1.25 1.2s 1.25 t.25

T.25 5.9£ l.M

1.35 1,a5 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.35 f,35 125 }.2i

LMMOTJ.

mum-]!

L¥34DT.1B

LM!34tT-24

L!M35aN

LMSSltl*

7BMa

UA'SmH

LM373N

imVH

LM3B0N

LM3S0CN

LIISflIN

LM]e2N

NE5QfK:

NE&10A

NE52914

MES31H

NE53^

«E54fll

NESS5.V NE56QB

NEseie

HE562B

HSWCN

1JM7E3CN LM7{]9H

LM710Pf LM711N tM723.H LM723N

mmn

125 t.25 1.25 1.25

1.25 l.flO M 1.75 JUi 3.33 "in} 1.2B

1 71

1.70

&00

6.50

4.95

3.00

S.40

S.OD

t.30

.39

S.flO

S.00

S.OO

1,75

1.25

1.75

t.35

1.4«

4S

2fl

?9

79

39

&5

1.00

LM73qhi

LM741CH

LM741CN

LM741-14N

LM747H

LH747N

L*i74BH

LM74Biy

LMlS]3fJ

IJM1304N

LM13D7N

LWISION^

LMt351N

LM14Utfl

LMT4ISCN

LIVI149&N

LM1S5ffi^

LM2111N

LMZSdtN

LM3QS3

1.1s .35 .35

.as

.79 .79 M .M .90 1 1*

^M

.65 ZM 1 85 1.75 .59 .95 1.75 1.95 ;.S5 I.51O

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TYPE ftlUHrTT

HAN? 5!i7 0atyAlnx.iKJ

MAN S Common C3iro6e-«<S

MAN 4 Commcin Calhaih-rtd

MAN 7 ^pnirnon ^(>il^-i¥(j

MAN TG ConnmDn Anodd'fjmdn

MAN 7V Ggmmivi Apock-yelloM

Mfifi 52 Commun Anade grMd

W^N ?i Comman AiKitis-FaQ

UAH 72 CpmiBgn Anod»-fed<

MAN M Common QathAU'red

MAN at GcMnmon AnadF-yallaw

MAM 6;? ClKii'Ttqit Aiipd^.}^ l|ow

MAN B4 COiumdn Cll?1(Kl*-i*!*a*r

MA^ 36^ Camm.gn .A^KJE-nnange

MAN %'iQ Common AnDJflOfaOBfl -•rl

MA^ 364<3 Damman. Cxthadi-nran^fl

MAN i5-1<l OoJiHiMjn AiioS*-l>JSflOe

MAN 4&40 CQimriDin Cathoda^rangB

HAh^171D Cflmmpn Ajnnda-«d ±1

tf AN 47H) Co^ifltor! AfiCjd&-i6d

MAN 4740 Gammon Caltwdf -red:

MAN 4S1D Common ADgde-yisHDW

MAN SSI 0 conmm Ajto«'bnng«^D. D

KT PRICE TTPE

:270

.30& .125 .1B7

.2n

.270 370

3ra

-SM 300 .300 .300 ,3D0 300

.wa

3D0 .300 300 .«10 .4B0 400 400 4fl0 5fi0

2.95 4.3fr .39 1.95 T.25 1.&5 1 S15 I.Ofl tJS 1.25 1.50 1.00 1.Q0 1.00

i.oe

1.35 1.75 1.00 1.(M 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.M) 1.25

MAHefiffi MAN S640

iMANQSeO

WAN 6710

MANa730

MAN 674fl

MAKti750

MAN fl7i5D

MAN&7BQ

01701

CH7Q2

DLTOi

CU707

dL741;

OL74«

01.747

DL74«

0133$ BilD70 FND5ffl« F*IDS07

POLAJHITT m PfllCE

C^mmun ArmdB-gn[>ga .^ 1 M

CtiiilfriDn CachDda-aJa-npt.D.D. 560 1.^5

Common C¥ire*-orange 2 1 .560 1.25

ComftHi) Aimdt'Adll^ .560 1.25

Common Cattjgfls.oranga .560: t.JJ

CfrWJMnAnodfl-'ilKl'D.O 560 t.25

Common Aii>da.r«l.D-.G. .560 1.25

CniHT^ii Cfdnade-fed-Q.D. .560 125

Commm Ciifnoda-ffltl ±1 5B0 i.?5

CDrnman Anode'.nif .SfiO 1.25

Common Ci1hfji*-nea .560 1 .Z&

Qannmon Anode^ifil ±1 .300 1.00

CCjrnniD^ Gaithoda.ratt .300 1.^

CdmmiiMi CattiQd#.mtf .300 1.60

^;ofltsIXllt Anodt-rtd 300 T.50

OOinman Anade.mif .KH) l.'BS

{^cfitinDn AnQdff.rB{| ±1 ,'6^ (.'9^

Cdmmon A^ddiKd .flOiO 2.25

ComiKiii C?ttiodB-iB<l ± 1 .S30 1.'05

Gpmmon Cannn<ie-it<j .600 J.4S

Da«^iOii C^lhbd^^ild .110 .^

Comman Cattude IFND3£0) .250 .75

Common C3lHoiJcjFN&5ffl)) .500 Mi

Common Ancda I'FNDSIDJ .500 120

RCA

LM33MN(34(}1).4fl

LliEiaO^

LWsosen

MC£J&flV

UM75fSH

LM7534N

S03SB

LM75450

75451 CN

754aJCN

75453 C*J

7M540N

7&49TCW

7540M3lf

r^SJCN

flC4194

flC4t8§

.99

t.£5

1.85

lOO

.90

.75

4.S5

.49

3*

.39

M

39

.70

.«9

99

5.95

W5

CA»1J

2.15

CA3023

2.&$

CA3035

2.4B

CA3030

1 35

CAS044

1.30

CA30S3

l.iO

CA3059

3.25

CA3D60

3.SS

C^PW

.85

Cfl3Klt

2.0D

1-24

8 pm

S 17

14 Sin

.20

le.iKn

.S

1.B pm

.29

22 pin

3?

14 mn

SJ!?

leurn

.30

i3 pm

.35

!»l pill

.49

0 pin

6-30

14 plli

.35

■S pin

3d

rB pm

52

UNEAR

[lA30g2 CA3m3 CA3fiSe CA3I?a9 C43Q91 r:A31D2 {IA312a CASISO CA3140 GA34Q1

1.B0 .05 175 3.50 2.95 S.-f5 1.39 1.2S .49 1.75

Ojlirt ^0 pm 14 pin 16 p<n 1& pin

t.*0 4^ .39

rc

25-40 16 .19

n

36

.25 2J .32 .J5

P .32 .35

if

41

.38 .4? 50

XR^^^KB Hit $19.95

WAVEFORM

MNEHATORS

Xfl-20S S&.*!>

lCfl-220SCP S.SO

jtR-22Q7ep 3 as

XA

EXAR

lilS^LtAPfEPLiS

iTENEp aEtrocyERi

KR-13il)Cf 13.20

.isRISlDEP 3.20

xfl-iaoop 3. a

■|iP.-25S7 2 pg

XR-22nCP XH-413e

XR-T4&a

XR-14fla 1^-1469 KR-2203

S6 70 Z:.00 3 85 5.80

4.S&

5 2[h

ZZQCKA Kit

$14,96

HMEMS

SRS&BCP

g 49

.i!rt.320P

1 55

.t!fl;.S56CP

1.05

1!ft-J556CP

3M

.i!R.224[)CP

4.0D

PHASE LQCKEB LOOPS

XfH-ZIQ

5.20

KR.215

6.GD

KR-5e7CP

i.%

SR'a57CT

1.7D

SaiDERTAtl

15

18

33

.27

35 50LDERT/^lLSTANDftRQ

.24

25

.30

A2

LOW PROFILt [TIH\ SOCKETS

\^m

24 ptn U m 3^ pin 40 ^m

28 pid 3$ pilt 4Dsin

24 29 32

SQLDERTm STAND A RO (GOLD)

24 pih

25 pin 36 pin 40 iiin

Wme WRAP SODKETS [GOLD} LEW EL *3

^^^^B '2epin

41 S&PJD

65 jO pill

i-24

45 flO. .03.

S .99 139

1:59

1 70 1 10 I.7S

1 ^

.95

£1 05 1.40 JM

1-75

25-49 37 44 50 63

90 1.^0 145

53 1 [» 1.40 159

65

.95

IS

1.45

1 W

741500

741S6S

741503

74LSm

74LS05

74lS(B

74LS1CI

74LS13

74LSt4

74LS20

74LS2e

7JISJ7

74LS2a

741530

74LS32

74L^0

74LS42

74LS47

74LS51

74LJS55

74LS73

74LS74

29 29- .29 .35 35 ,29 .29

m

1.75

.»

3$

.3»

.30

.39

39

»

1.25

1.25

20

.29

M

40

74LS00 TTL

74LS?i 74LS70 74l,«5 74LSe5 74LBM

741392

74LS93

74LS95

74LB9«

?4l.Sf07

74LS1(M

74ISI1Z

74LSf2i

7414133

74J.Sf36

74LS130

7*[Jim

74tSl5l

74|.S15a

09

.49

t.75

2.4S

.49

M

B9

.0^

t.BO

1.B9

S^

.Sfl

&0

1,25

1-25

S9

t.25

1.25

l.£S

1.25

74LS1&5 74LSl!57 74lSi90 74LS1B1 74LS162 74U$153 7415104 74LS175 74LS181 74LS1W 74LS191 ?4L$1i; 74L3193 74L$lS4 74L5195 74t£253 74LS257 7413260 ?4lS279 74US367 74L.53S5 741S67D

1. 25 1.50 t.% 1 95 1.95 t.9S

1 95 1.95 3.G0

2 4g 2.^9 2.44 2.49

t.m

I.BO

i.n

t.75 .55 79 .99 ,90

3.^

5Q PCS.

J^SST. 1 ASST. 2 ASST. 3 ASST. 4 ASST 5 ASST. 6 ASST. 7

ASST. aR

RESISTOR ASSORTMENTS $1.75 PEH ASST

10 OH*! 12CKM 15 0HM IS OHM 22 OHM J M. if OHM 33 0\^ 39 0\m 47 ONM 56 OHM 1/4 WATt S^. - 50 PCS

50-1 DD 3e 43 58 61

ai

1 15 fJO

57

.00

I 2S

t 45

.75

.aa

f 10 1.30 40

5 tJ.

£ afl.

Gil

5 as.

5t».

5u.

ej OHM

OS'JHiM

lOil QH^M

l?«OHM

?S0 OHM

100 OHM

J2Q OHM

rra ohm

syjOrtM

390£IHM

470 OHM

&50C*1H

gflOOHM

a^E} am}

11^.

^.■^.

1 iK:

i.eK

2.2K

27K

3.3K

3 3Si

4.7K-

S,8K

6:eK

0.2K

m

m

m

IflK

22K

27K

■33X.

39K

^?K.

56K

HK

9?K

1DW

law

tSOh

100K

220K

270K

33Qk

39eK

470K;

550K

OSOK

a2GK

lbs

^■m

i-sw

1 BM

2.ai

2 7M

3.3U

3 9M

4 7M

5.8M

f n cl ud 65 Res isto r Asso rtm en ts 1 - 7 ( 3 50 PCS , }

1/4 WAH 5% - 50 PCS.

1^4 WATT SV, • SO PCS

1/4 WATT 5% - M PCS.

1/4 WATT 5^, .- »PC$.

V4 WATT 5% - 50PC5.

Irt WATT 5% ' MFCS.

U.M Minimum 0nl4r — U.$. Fundt Only Cl^ltfifllll Ml^diilb — Md S^ Kilii Tii

Spec Sliielt ■ fSip ^ SajhI 3S< Stamp roF lfl7l CilaJoii D>valer FnlDrniilini Jlvillibli

1978 CATALOG

KOW AVAILABLE

ELECTRONICS

1021 -A HOWARD AVE., SAN CARLOS, CA- 94070 PHON£ ORDERS WELCOIVIE — (415) 532 8097 Alt AdvartiawJ PHc«« <^ood thru DKtmlir

Ji

S34.95

( uiEit-ifts i^a^ in-5.iiCaa i

HOBBY -WRAP TOOL-BW-630

Batt^jv OpiT^tsd (Size C! Weighs ONLY 11 OuJices W^aps 30 AWG Wife onto Stgrditrd. DIP Scckels [.02S inch J Complete mn CmlltHn bit 9iic9 $Je@v€

WIRE-WRAP KIT ^ WK^2-W

WRAP * STRIP » UNWRAP

• Tool foi 3Q AWG Wire

• Han of 50 ft. White cr B-lne 30 AWG Wire

• 50 pes, Bach V\ Z\ T & 4" iefiflt^a — pre -stripped wrra.

$1195

^.. :^^'''^ WIRE WRAP TOOL WSU-30

■Pi"^ WMP * STftIP , UHWmP -t5.95

WRE WRAP WIRE — 30 AWG

£5ft.niin,$1.25 SOft.Sl.95 10Qft.J2.9S lOOOtt S15.00 SPECJ FV COLOR — Whire - Yellow ■ Red - Green - Pw - Black

WIRE DISPENSER — WO^30

• 50 ft. roH 30 AWG KYNAR wire wnp wire $3 45 ia

• Cuts wire to (!&$ln&d lertyth

• Strips 1" of ifisiHalJort Spadty — Slue -Yellow-W^i^i■ Red

il

flEPlACEAIEMT OISI-EHS£fl SPOOLS FOR WD M

SpecMy blue, yellow, white ar red $1.98/S{>OOl

DiP/IC INSEHTION TOOL WITH FIK STRAIGHTS

Inserts tiQtii 14 ancl 16 piri packages. Pin Straigfitensr

bititt into Handle.

Modal INS-1416 S3.49/ea.

HP 5082-7400 SERIES — MULTI-OIGIT

^A" tit. • Common Cattimte fled 2 Digrt

3-S volts (d! 5 miJs/second 3 DigEt

7 ^gmeni h^onolilhic 4 Digit

Dip Packap 5 Digit

1

10 '&r mori .79 .69

m 79

.19 M

TV GAME CHIP SET — $9.95

l[idude& AY -3 -3500-1 CliJp and 2-010 mh2 crystal (2.010 crystal — 81.95 M/AY-3-S5QQ-1 Chip — S3. 95 pa.)

ZENERS -

TYPE

1N740

1N751A

INTS?

IhJW

1K754

1K9S^

iNS&se

1K5232

H15234

1N5f35

1NSJ36

1tl45&

1N453

1N4teA

1114001

1N40ai

1N4e03

1N4«4

tfOLia

3.3

5.1

s.$

e.o

B.2

15

5.6

Its 7.5 ?5 15Q ISO 50PIV IDOPfV 200 PIV 400 PIV

w

4ajirim

4D0m

40Oiin

40Oni 4Wlkn

50Of1i 5Q0m 500m ■5QCm

4flm 7ffi

Tflffl 1 AMP 1 AMP' 1 AMP 1 AMP

OIODES -

pflicE rm

4i>1 ,00 4,'1.00 4^1.00 4.'T.00 4.'1 .00

a.'T.oo

4^f.0O 26 20

2a

0/1 CO

ftn DO

12/1.00 12/1.00 12/1.00 12.'1.00

1N40O5 1N400e tN40D7

iN3eoa

1N414S 1H4154 ir44^5 1H4734 1N4735 1N473^ 1H4730 IN4742 1N4744 1h1ie3 INII&i: tMTl65

re^iiB^

INI IBS

RECTIFIERS

VDLT1 W

900 PIV t AMP

000 piv 1 mp

1000 PW 1 MIP

50

75

35

75

5.6

B.2

12

15

50 PIV too CIV 150 PIV

mpw

400 PIV

2QCm

Ifrn

lOffl

23m IW 1« 1w 1A 1* 1*

3&AMP 35 AMP 35 AMP ^aMP 35 AMP

pwa

10/1 .00

Iftfl.OO

10/1.00

5/1.00

1^/1,00

12.1.00

20.^.00

28

2g

26

li

2S

26

F.60

1.70

1.50

1.»

3.D0

SCR ANO FW BRIDGE RECTIFIERS

C3g0 15A^^4«JV SCft Si. 95

C36H 3iA@2«!V SCR 1.05

2N23SB 1.6A@aHJV SCfl ,60

WCIA 360-1 12A@50V FW BRIPH ABC. I.SS

MOk 9e0 -3 1 ZA ©■ 2MV FW BRIDGE REC. 1 .06

UPS.JUH

2f»ll

vtmu

fttHH

m^

MJBKS

p«tse7 matA

llfl.DO

Sfli.pa *mM

44100

i w

11.^

moq

s^ioo

s4ioa

£.«!.» 4t1.l» iitr.DD

TRANSISTORS

aam-

3N3«a

KiJHd

21MH

9(4013 H40H

Siii -a Ml 0?

S41-W ft.W

s.as

V%tOIS

Vi\.<Ki Bijr.Mi

4,11 .[R

IfArALITUn » vou c£iuhic

I -I 1D'4S 60-100

.0* .ro .oaw

04 .04

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04

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vutta

mUM

SNSOW 2NS1J^

£HS2m 2K513f 2I444* ]NiH1

4040V JM10

4il1W

4410) 4i1] dO

4ffl.i.m 4,11 .m

i>+1 .ol ^H-.DI)

h¥1,H

ceo fdi.m

1*75 trT5

10 pj

nvi

47 pf 100 p( 220 pJ 470 pr

-E15 ,05 .05

05 -05

CORNER

t-9 10-49 50-105 .OS .04 .OSS

04

.03 .03 .M .03 .035

.D047^F .01.RF

.047fiF .f^F

.05 .OS

m

.OS

1*

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ooKm .am

.«047[iif

oirni

1H VOLT MTUUI FILM CAPiUMTtJflB 15 IQ .07 .MEmt ,iS t1

12 10 ,07 ,047liir ,21 17

n 10 .07 .1m1 .27 .23

.12 .10 .07 .22M .33 .37

+ 20% DIPPED TAitTALUMS (SOUP) CAMCtTORS

.035 095

.04

.04 .375

.0« .13

.17

.lOSV

.^$

n

AI

1.M5V

30

2«

.21

.1S/5SV

.20

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.17

2.2i*2SV

.31

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.38

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25

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2a

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1D/2SV

40

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l.Di'3SV

m

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15/S5V

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50

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M1NUTURE AUUHMIlM nEUTIHllimC CXFAClTanS

Ailii Lnit

R*Ml1 Lllid

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.15

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n

.10

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le

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le

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3,3li'50V

.10

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t.o/iev

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1.0.ra5V

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High i^uaUfy todrcH f^or lOi «nd PC Ii^t«rconn*^«m, Clhsck: «jr ^i<«i c«^ f^uEitity- you «rMt vom why TK)-TEi^ ^ foft b«peiii1ng[ th« faader in IC H>dc«ti^

Low PfdHle DIP Solder Toil flTn) En«t /Sick itcickabie on J 00^ Oftnltn

r^ ro-a4 25-100

SKT'<I«02 i pTfi

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4- 4 # '» •! r

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200 Voir, 30 Amp ftftlDGe HI current brfdg* Tn ract- origulor caift« Hoi tnta^ra!

coolings . An everitock at a large equiprnant monufact- unir bringi you □ borgoln from et Fdimoui Sfldii^Conduc^or man\jfot:tur& ,t,***^t* BRR-223QM... S2.0Q

Latching Rood Relcxy

M^ntatur^ r««d nitfix with 2 corli and iBtch^ftg md. Ub« otit eef I fo tei^ othea^ to roAt or reverie cun-ent In en« ooll For oppoiite FuntcHona* Slfligll pel*- iinf|l« ifwow Gofisiile'. P.C. Mounting. jRol«l at 13, 5V bur wofb 9vot on 12V, "

e¥i-t20ic.....,„....,^rS^^^H.*.^*45

G.E^PANaMETe

Arb^activ* raclDitsvlfr meter trori G.E. 's HOtJZONTAl UNE. Model SO-! 57011, 0 to 2QV tfiole, 2J* ocfOH foce, 2 hoi* jvtOMnt. Cgtotogfi for tMwe then S20, Brond n*w In bcxm with honfwv«.

G£^aOV>.^ - 112,75

AJl

Wff NICAD CEltS

L2V »Ux [n transparent r«ctarbgulor ploiHcj

Cote* Riamoved frfwri equipment huf OtK.

Jut odd diirflt^ wQtef emd chorge*

Two $■£« to ehoie fr«n.

l! • 5 Amp Hour *...#.. £2 . 20

2.0 Amp Hoyr «i**i.*^*i4.»*-*-ii #2. p?

Populor Imparl germanium piswer troniistor in TO ^66 Uiod In many Impofted tope and record piox^ri, e^c* 2SB3fi7„,,. „.*.,, „,„,,.. , SI, 50

Her* w* 9r<>w og^Sni We're roovir^ tnto dur ntw loeotiod to serve you bettirf . Qwdt eur nei# odki-ea sid

telephone flUMMif ■

Thtfui ^ helplftg w gioew I ! t U 1 1 1

MRF475

NPN SILICON RF POWER TRANSISTOR

.. ,« .d^^igned primarily fpr use Ir^ ilngle jtdebond tirieor ompllfler aytput opp III cations tn dtJxoni band and other commun i cat! oni equip- ment of>Qn3ting to 30 MHz,

O Charc[Ct»rizAd for Single Sideband ond Lorge-Sigtio I Amplifier Sigrkul Amplifier AppllcaHom Utilizing Low-^Levnf Modu lotion

O SpeciJIed 13.6 V^ 30MHi ChorocJ^flitiCi - Output Pbwer = 12 W iW) Mtnimuin Efflci*ficy « 40% (S»} Qulpirf ^wer = 4,0 W (CWJ MinJiftum Efficieiicy ^ 50% tCW> Mmimni Power GqJn * 10 dl [ft? & C*/}

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-$4.B2

2N530I Super Tnin>)r

20PW 40V 30A NPN lUtccn tromiiiof In TO-3. Perfect for Pbwef

Supply po» el^nent. Mode by Motorolo for g ion r oomputer company

rtho over stacked t^em * yO*if :go1n.

2N5301 t House Mark J , ♦*»*$U25

HI Vol+oge HI ftjwer NPf^

G,E, D56W1 Es a 1400V, 5A H^ frotiititor in TO-3 com* Used In

Horizon to! deflection driver far color T,V. Of ony hi voltage hi pulie

energy appljcdtioru*

D56W1 . , ., * .42.55

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The MM74C935 Monolithic DVM circuit it mdnufoctured u»ing il'artdard compltmentcry MOS{CMOS) technology. A pul» modulation analog ^to-digital convenloo tedini- qufl It utfld and raquirei no external pfaalilm compon* entt. In oddltloni H^ls technique oilo^^^ the uie of o ml^Qrencti volto^ thot is the lame polarity oi fha Input valto9e,

Onie 5V(TTL) power tupply ii rDtqulred^ Opefattf^g with 3n itoloted wpply allows th« c^ontf«rslon of paitji^ oi well Of PMgctflvft voltio^es. TKb sign of the input volfogs il outosnoticoilly determ^rw^^ igid OiJtput on ihe ilgn pin. If the po«er it^pply ii not tsototed, only on* polnriiy o^f voltagie nny be oonv«rt«d.

THe oonvenjon rote It set by en intomot mcilliotor. THi fir^vency of Am oacilli^tor ccei be sat by on extamel K^C iietwioii w the oscillator opn be driven froei on ejctemol fiwfiHficy tamvf. Whei using ihe e^twrial RC netw^Hs^ 9 m^Mtm vove output h ov^fi Idble. It if UufwiMit to rolv th^ g»ot c<ve hoi been token to tyndvtifiiz^t tSiglf multiplexing with the A/B oofivfinJon timing fo eUmi- -"ste noiie due to power supply traiuefif»#

T>ie MM74035 hm b«^ d«tgn«d to drive J-ttgmmt multiplexed LED displays directly with the old of enfetnol dl^it bvffen ond segment reii|tQn« \Jn$tf condition of^ overrange, 'he overflow output wilt go high and the dtiploy will re<id ^fOFL or -OFL, deper>dlng on whether the input voltage is pti^itive Of negative < In addition to thltf the moat significant digit li blanked when zero.

A lt{irt cofivenl^on Input ond o conversion complete output urn Included

FEATURES: O Opeditet from single 5V tupply O Converts OV to +]♦ 999 V O Multiplexed 7-$egmient O Drivea segmonti directly O No exfemql precision component nroeflory O Medigm speed - 20Qmv^oQnv«aion O All ihputi and outputs ITL ooinpatrbl* O Intemol dock »t with RC network or driven

ei^^e^nally O No offset od|utt required O OSfHTonge indicated by +OR.W "^FLdiipky

reod^ng ond OFLO ouiput O Anoteg itputi m cqipliootiom diown ton withstond

+2!00 Volt]

APPUCAflONSr O Low cqkI digitol poww «upp4y roodouti O Low cQ$t digital miultimietiirf O Low ooit djgitol panel melen O Elimiinofe onolog multiplextng by utlng Jvnote A/t^

eviverteti O Convert onalog transducen (temper^uref prvswret^

dl£placerT>ent^ etcj to diEjitol troniduoars

MM74C935N-I„ with speci..,, 116,96

J pecs only for 74Ct35 ■■.■.•*..f«ii.i«««»fp^«^S. 90

LM336Z (Reference diode

Preclilon 2V reference to be used with MM74C935-I

DVM ehtp.

UM33iZ. *.*»*..»♦ *..S2. 40

tRi-tek, inc.

7B0a N. 27TH AVENUE PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85021

i^( i,mt^

We poy turfooe ihlpping on oil orders over SIO US, 515 foreign En US fundi, Pi#ase odd extra for FInt clou or aU moil , Excess will be re Funded « Ofderi under %[0f odd $1 Kondllng. Please odd 50^ InsLN'once. Moitof chorge ond Bonk America tardi welco^ie, t$20 minimum). TelepKoPm tjf^mt moy b# ploped lOAM to 5-30PM dolly^ Mon thru Fri, Coll (602) 995-9332.

decit reader lervf oe cord or seftd ^omp for oar lolvtt flym dcjed with new ond turpi ut electronic componenn.

242

ALDELCO ELECTRONIC CENTER NOW OPEN!

Kits, Books, Boards, Magazmes. Special 2102LI 8 for $17.50, 80 80 A CPU Chip $19.95. We stock OK Battery Operated Wire Tool $34.95. OK Hand Wire Wrapped Tool $5.95. 7400 ICs CMOS, Timers PLL's IC Sockets. All kinds of transistors, rectifiers and diodes. Plus other electronic parts.

Add 5% for shipping. Add $1.00 for order under $10.00. Out of U.S.A. s&nd certified check or money order^ include shipping costs.

BUILD THE W7BEX PROGRAMMABLE KEYER. SOLID STATE PARTS WITH IC SOCKETS $42.00, WE CAN SUPPLY THE FOUR PC BOARDS AND COMPREHENSIVE CONSTRUCTION MANUAL - ALL FOR ONLY $29,95.

National MAI 003

■ ■ ■ ■' ■ r

Actual Size - 1J5" x 3.05"

BRIGHT .3 FLUORESCENT DISPLAY Same unit supplied as original equipmen^t m many neyv auto- mobiles • 12 vott DG • Xtal timebase • 12 hour forrrtat • completely assembled unit •dims to comfortable viewing when qar lights are on • lovv standby power cor^sumption.

LIMITED SPECIAL All for ONLY $34-§a $19.95

PLUS - FREE

3 pu^ switches and choice of green, blue or amber filter.

also good for marine and aircraft

100' Spool Green #3Q wire

Wrap Wire $2.75

OK Wire Hand Tool

WSy 3Q 5 95

WSli30lV1 (modified wrap) . 6.95 Battery operated wire-wrap tool BW630 Wraps #30 wire 34.95 Uses 2 € Ban. not inc. 2 General Electric C Battgiies and p|yg-in cl^arger 1 1.9B

• RECTIFIERS

2 amp 50 volt 20 for $1,00 2 amp 1000 volt 10 for $1,00 2 amp 1500 volt .5 for 1.00 1 0 amp $tud 50 volt . . 1 .50 10 amp stud 600 voll . 4.50 40 amp stud 50 volt . . 1.20 40 amp stud 750 volt . 2.05

100 amp, stud 200 v. 8,50

BRIDGES

2 amp T05 50 volt . . , , ,35

2 amp T05 200 volt ... .50 2ampT05 600 volt . . 1,25

3 amp. 50 volt 50

3 amp. 400 voit ., ... 1.10

25 amp. 200 volt 1.50

25 amp. 600 volt . . , . 5.50 25 amp. 1000 voit ... 8.50

VOLTAGE REGULATORS T0Z2Q Package $1.00 each

Positive

Negative

780&

7905

7IKIG

7906

780&

7912

781Z

7915

781 &

7918

LM309H TO 5

$1.10

LM3Q9KT03 MD

LM72314piii OR TO 5 ... J5

• FETS

40673 1.55

^W t U t M ....... M

MPF102...

.-55

2N3819

..35

2N5457

..50

2N5458 ........

..50

2N5459

..55

2N54a5

..50

DARLINGTON

MPSA 13 .......

-.80

(VIPSA14

..40

2N5306 ,

..50

SCR

C 106A . ,

..55

C106B

..65

C 1228

..85

LOGIC PROBE KIT

Aldfiico i^ now the sole distributor of the DIGAFEAKE - A logic probe kit. Now you can buy direct and save. Proha measures logic 1, logic 0. and pulsing circuits con- ditions formerly sold fof $14.95.

SPECIAL $11.95

ACCUKEYERKIT Sim- itar to thfl famous ABRL HandbDDk version. Kit mcludes PC board, IC sockets, ICs. speaker switch and all parts and instructions,

ONLY $19.95

ACCUKEYER MEMORY KIT Adaptable to many keyers. Can store 2 canned messages of 30 characters each. PC board IC sockets, ICs instructions and all parts. $19.95

CLOCK CHIPS

5313 3.49

5314 3.49

5316 ,. ,..3.95

6375 13.95

CT7001 ...6.95

RF DEVICES

2M2S76

18W

200 MHz TOGO

S12.3S

2W337S

z.m

400 MHz TQGG

bm

2fl3&53

2,m

17&MHZ T039

1.40

2PJ3a66

tow

400 MHj T03a

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2N3S26

im

175 MHz TOGO

6.30

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n&MHz T039

US

.2 N 558 9

3.[IW

175 MHz MT71

4.75

2 N 5590

row

175 HHt HT72

7^0

2N5591

2SiN

175 MH^ MT72

1015

2N5313

175W

t75MHj T039

1.70

ZNSQflO

4.0W

175 MHz MT72

5.40

2NBflB1

1SW

175 MHz MT7Z

B.45

2HmBl

ZSW

175 MHz MT72

TO.SS

2JV&033

30W

175 MHz MT72

12.30

2ME0B4

4DW

175 MHz MT72

1S.3Q

2WG0g4

4,aw

175iiflHz X1DGPNP

e.60

2N60S5

15W

175 MHz XIOePNP

&.5D

2Me(gs

im

175 MHz X106PNP

10.35

2KGmi

40UV

17^ MHz X1DGPNP

20.DQ

GE28

12W

50 MHz X51

2,15

GE4fi

B.QW

27 MHz TO 5

6.42

GE21S

5.5iW

60 MHz T0220

4,65

6E216

15W

50 MH; T022Q

a.97

GE2^6

IM

EOMHf xai

2.m

NOW

[ZEWERS

1NT46[C5 IN 753

400 Nlw

ea .25

ir^472flio ]mni

1 wuatt

2B

m6333ia 1NSJ7S

b wii[i

2 10

11^2370(0 1N30O&

]^^iU

240

Jhi330&io m3340

50wdM

4 75

2 Dual Digital f2'24 itour cloclt kits

MODEL ALD5^

SiK bi9 -b Ctispiav t^Os. m an atUacK\v« bttck p)»«tic csbinvt with 4 r«ct Frorkt fi1t«r Qt^sX fm a hjim or broadcast st»tiDri. S»i ane cJock Id GMt Lhft dther to iDCat tim«- Or have a ^4 hour forrriial on orw cidch and TZ hour an. l+ie ottwr. Frteje feature lets the clock be set to th* ledand. Eflch clDck is «aoTTOH»d Stfp^talelv^ Cabinet rnaa$,urB& 2%" K 4%*' x 9'/'". Complete Kil S^ASb.

MODELAL07;

Four tonght .3 nvxie tube display. Cat»tn«t u an tmactiv* dwp blije

tmrtuding ffOrtt fih«. Will display seconds al the pmih of 4 buttign. An

asset to anv stati&n. Cabinet *jze js ZVm." x 3" k 3>%" . Complete Kit

$34.9rB.

Variable Power Supply Kit

Specify J

2N:jy&&

9^

2N3904ar2N3aOfi

25

2N5496or2Nei08

70

741 or 709 14 Pin DIP

26

&56 TifTiffi

.49

1N914-IM414S

. 15 Id. .93

irj34 IN&0IN64

lOfOp 99

CA302aDii Amp

15Q

Lf^3D^K Vpli Rfi9

no

2N6401 (rftp2N«aB)

95

2N2369

20

2M6103

.89

LM703or741 fl^inOlPOp Am# 45

14 ot lePirtlC Sdcteis

3Q

5 to 1S Voh:

or

12 to 23 Voit

unit

-SOO rtiA regulators feature ciifreni (Emlting and thE>rmal protect tan.

unly $6 .95 pCus £1 JQO shjpf>ing

^^^_

ALDELCO KITS

• NEW IMPROVED ALARM CLOCK KIT

Digital alarm dock •Six big .5 display LEDs

• New an board AC Transfornner • 12 Hour forrnat with 24 hour Alarm » Snooze Feature • Elapsed time indicator.

A natural for cars, campers and mobile homes. Use on 12 volt dc with optional crystal time base (not including cabinet^

$19.95

• CRYSTAL TIME BASE KIT $4.95

Cabinets In simulated walnut grain or black

leather . $4.95

Plastic Cabinets — blue, black, white or

smoke , , , , $3,95

RED CLOCK FILTERS $,60

12 or 24 hour DIGITAL CLOCK KIT uses .5 display LED. 53H clock chip fit$ our stan- dard cabinet. Freeze feature $18.95

BlJnky Flasher Kit

PC board. 555 & all parts works on 9 volts — $2.50. Mouse button - $1.00

Ham TV Converter

use on

regular' TV set

Covers 420 MHz amateur band. Works on unused TV channeL

1^ rX <■■■■«■■.■■■ ■■■■*■■*«*■■&■ i^O" h? ■ %?w

Assembled 49.95

^2^

Aldeico presents a iSJ |^L \A^ battery operated Frequency Counter Sc digital clock kit in one cabinet

FrBquenov Counter

TvP^caf 100 Hz to 40 MH?

Accuracv .00005%

Using a 0-4 Display this unit is switchabi© from Clock to Counter vyhil© continuously keeping time. The clock can be wired eitheir 4 or 6 digits and either 12 or 24 hour time. Small size makes this an attractive unft for Auto or Boat use» It operates on 12 VDC or from 8 A A NIcad batteries (not supplied) with a bunt-in battery charger. Optional Plug-In power supply allows chargtng and an operating source form 110 Volts AC. Comes complete with Cabinet, Instructions and all parts.

Assembled ....... r . * 139.95

110 Voll AC Power Suppty 5-95

8 General Electric or Gould AA Micad Batteries * 17.95

Frequency Counter with Memory in place of Clock same pricing.

ALDELCO

2281A BABYLON TURNPIKE, MERRICK NY 11566

516-378-4555

A2

M^ry Christmas and a Hap!>y Prosperous New Year from Al & FhiL

243

S.D. SALES COMPANY

NOW THE ULTIMATE RAM BOARD

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Buy an SI 00 compatible 8K Ram Board and upqracte the same board to a maximum o* 3 2K ifi steps of 8K at your option by mereiy purchasing more ram chips from S.D, Safes! A I a guaranteed pfice — Look at the Fedtunes we hav€ built into itie board.

PfllCES START AT $151. FOR 8K RAM KIT Add SI 08 00 for each additional SK Ram

8oard fuUy assembed and tested forSBO. extra,

8K FOR $151.00

llfTERFACE CAFAdrLlTV Cd-fllrot, data mmt KliJmi mpuH uttllt^, t9H pemut Sehetiky

POWER HE OUiniMEMTS

»9VQC 400MADC

*1iVOC 4«MtA DC

-liVOC 30MA DC

on bcupd JvpjUli^n If prqwHi«d.

On ^(^rd lin«ilfb4*!r4frMh m

iP'omted wfiti no wart int« »

MEMOftY ACCESS TIME tS IT&w.

8K LOW POWER RAM $159.9&

FiiUy assembled and tested. Nat a kit.

liTi53J -Altair - S-100 Buss compatible, uses fow power static 2lL02'50Qns fuUy buffered on board reflated, quality plated through PC board, including solder mask. 8 pos. dtp switches for address select.

Z-80 CPU BOARD KIT - Complete Kit $139.

CHECK THE ADVANCED FEATURES OF OUR Z^O CPU BOARD: Expanded set of 158 instructions, BOeOA software capability, operation from a single 5VDC power supply; afways stops on an Ml state, true s^nc generated on card ia real plus feature!), dynamic refresh and NMI avai table, either 2MH2 or 4 MHZ operation, quality double sided plaied through PC board; parts plus sockets priced for a^i IC's. *Add SIO, extra for Z-80A Chip which allows 4MHZ operation. Z-80 chip with Manual - $39 .9S

4K LOW POWER RAH KIT

Fully Buffered - on board regulated — re duced power consumtpion utilizmg low power 21L02 - 1 500ns RAMS - Sockets

Provided for all iC's. Quatity plated tfirough C board. * Add S 1 0, for 250n s

RAM operation

The Whole Works $79.95

HIISICAL HORN

Ont Tunc Ud|ipl»ed witfi each kit. Addlt»«i4i Tvfct - $$■% '.jrch. 5^»eia* iwwi aiaii1ab*e. £tvidpd t^^n-f fttiw tw^Wrii -Otu* - Bftt Iff Tnua - Ofi Wii«v<iiin - ^t^km Dootf^ Oantfy - NcRre Oannv — ^mk Pantl*r - A«p* W*f Sfl*"3 A/whon A«My - N^vcr on Sundvy — YtTtisw JRofa of Ttum - Daao rn the H^vt ui T«xs ^ BoOflw £d<Kwr - Btidga tntt R ivet K ww

CAR S BOAT I^IT HOME KIT

"^"^J $34.95 $26.90

Jumbo LED Gar Clock Kit

DIGITAL LED READOUT THERMOMETER - $29.95

Features: Litroni^ dual 1''2'' displays, UsesSilkoaix LD131 singfe chip CMOS A/0 con^ verter. Kit includes all nec- essary parts (except case); AC line cord and power supply included. O 149* F

6 DIGIT ALARM CLOCK KIT

Features: Litronis^ dual 1/2'* displays, Mostek 50250 super clock chip, single LC. segment driver, SCR digit drivers. Greatly simplified construction More reliable and easier to build. Kit includes all necessary parts (except caseK Xfmr optional Eliminate the hassle — avoid the 5314! Do not confuse ihe Non — Alarm kits sold by our competition' *|rt Hc/lrlf AC XFMR - SI. 50 Case S3.50 *1^.30/Kll

5 Digit Countdown Utility- Darkroom Timer Kit - $44.95

I .-..rii'ii*', i_j|ioia LED i>" d up I oi V 1 , ci ^iia« ' > MciEtok ^DJ<i7 coiint?i tiiip\a^

'III i timiip 4i O.J lucond -TFrtEiiiiEin

fi^tti Q.I |a>c<?i'id tD h^ inlnLitu S^.^ sbc- (ina, SA'li&V p*(4]i? ircludied to control phcilogfaptiic •nlppgur, lun lamp, api^it- ftnCQI-, TV, or ntMur fsqutpniDnt. al^orates on 1 ] &y ACt cti^filJiVs cav be tuFTiad aff tot Inlal Oflp^nnfis AppliGat-ian?, ^impk ItUi^l buttC^n QpEirallD^i, use ill kitdiDn, IchlCIOL EifTlCfl W I^SOffltofV. All nac- «|il4iiV ptrH hncludad. 3 pBciial^ design Cd.«e 13.715

6 Digit General Purpose or Computer Timer Kit - $29.95

Faaiures Larfje LED .jiumIjv-, Mm-i^ii t»Dut^,*/' counter

displav/thiysp, couriis up to B9 minuitflt. 59.99 BBCondt with crvriBt confrDlftd lyiM wcornd edcuracy, oemupiih on 1 lEV AC or 1?V DC supply, UsA ii 10 ikme iff^tfphqn* caih. Mlhlvlic tiVMnl], pnactii^ie umo, tchao\ ind Ittbaratory dMrDanitrniiuoii, CKpariomanii, chfisi garriai, eic, T^mfl QDrnpiJior functlorti iri r^Al Tirme mch at run t^niet an pfO(rrimi, lub fnuiiii»i «ni| orhor computer com rolled ^veriA. Rcquirpt rwo isutput chaninEU for ^tart/'stop and dear contrala. All n^ciiiMrv laartt inebckiUi Sp4)c^lol design mm $3.75

FEATURES

A. Se«vmv Jiainbe' S inefi LEt>4rT^^

MOSTEK - SDZSO - Supvt OOck chv0.

12 Of 2^ hDLif Real Tirn? toorwt, Perfsct fof can. bosJs, nartf. etcu PC Dodrd ofKf bI3 fiarfi tle^s c^iel i^ncu

AlaiiTj a|}Tio«ii - £1.5D

AC XFMR - Sl^O

e. c

D.

E.,

F

$16.95

Bowmar 4 Digit LED Readout Array

4 JUMBO .50" DIGITS ON ONE STICK! WITH COLONS & AM/PM INDICATDft

S3.95

RAM^S-CPD'S^PROM'S

21 L03 BOONS ,..,... 8/11.50

21 L02 250MS , 8/1 5.95

nOIA " 2S6 8/S4.00

1103- IK , .99

MK4T15 8K 19.45

74S 200 ' 256 , . 3.95

Full W' Lltronix Jumbo Dual Digit LED Displays

DL 722 - C.C.

DL 721 - C.A.

d9c

DL 72B ■ C.C.

DL 727 - C.A.

$1.29

Low Cost Cassette Interface Kit

$14.95

Features: K,C, standrad 2400/1200 Hz, 300 Baud, TTL, 1/0 compatible, phase lock loop, 22 pin connector. Feeds serial data via micro- processor-^ I/O ports and from cassette tapa recorder $14.95

Z-80 includes manual, . Z-80 A include* manual 8080ACPU8BtT..,.. 8008 CPU 8 BIT ......

, 29.95 . 34,95 .11,95

t i- Oi90

1702A IK ' l.Sus 3.9S or 10/35.

2708 8K Intel 450m 14,95

5204 ^ 4K 7.95

823^29 "IK ,.. 2.50

2708S 8K signetics 650ns . . . . « . , 9.95

ITTOOAL

AMPLlFlin 7S234 Bnd TS23S

SPHACUE DUAL D1FFER€NTtAL

AMP Tpicn

49c«kPi

^ DISC CAP #

'^ASSORTMENT

PC leads. At least 10 different values, tncludes ,001.. .01, *05 + other standard values 60/Sl.OO

JOYSTtCKSr

4-1 OOK

POTS

$3.95 eadi

4-

39 MFD 16V Mai lory Electrolytic

15/$1.00

P.C. LEAD

DIODES

1N4148/1N914

100/82.00

REStSTOfl * ASSORTMENT

PC leads A good fnix of values, SPECIAL' 200/S2.00

#

* 1000 MFD

FILTER CAPS Rated 35 WVDC Upright style with PC leads. Many pop ular vaiues. 4/$1.

FLAT PACK 5400 SERIES

20asst. devices

for SI. 00

POWER RESISTOR

15 OHM

25VVbv

CLAROSTAT

Microprocessor Chips

8212 - t/O port . . . . , 3,50

8214-P,I.C 12.95

8216 - Non Invert Bus 4.9S

8224 - Clock Gen 4,95

3226 — Invert Bus. 3.95

PlOforZ^SO 14.95

CTC for Z-80 ,....,. 14.95

8228 Sys. Contro[ler. 8.20

825! Prog, comm, interface 10.95

8255 Prog, perp, interface. ...... 1 3.50

8820 Dual Line Recr U7B

8S30 Dual Line Or ..... 1.75

2513 Char, Geo__. 7,50

3^38 Quad Bus. Recvr. .......... 2.00

74LS138N - 1/8 decoder .99

8T97Hex Tri-State Buffer 1.2S

1488n489 RS232- 150

TR1602B Uart ., . . 3.95

Counter Chips

ITT PART NO.

SAJ 110

Ideal for electronic

tnusie circuitB

7 stage freq.dividers.

49c each

MK5D397 6 Digit elapsed timer 8.95

MK5O250 Alam^ clock 4.99

MK50380 Alamn chip . . . . _ 2.95

MK50396 6 digit up/down counter 1 2,95 MK5O02 4 digit counter . . , 8 95

MK5021 ' CaL chip sq. root . 2.50

S. D. SALES CO

• An Em|ib« i *tA. CA.

P. O. BOX 28S10 - A DALLAS, TEXAS 75228

Call in yotir Visa or MasteTt^argi in on our Toll Free Watts Line:

1^^CX)-527'346Q

Texas Be$id«ril> all Coll#et^

21 4/271 --0022 Dealer Inquinas Invitadt

S2

m DA Y MONEY BACK GUARANTEED

P«0 COlXv TEXAS FteSlDEMTS AOO fi% SALES TAX. ADO 5%. OF Of^DEP^ FOR POSTAGE ft HAIiDUf4G. OFtOERS UlMDEH ftO. AOO 73c NAMDUr^. FOREIGN OHOEFTS > US FUNDS

owtvr

Choose $1, Free MerchandisB From Asterisk Hems on each $t5. Order!

244

„800-43''i-i^^*

1-800-233-0250

,800

^x->n

4634

''f^^.

^00. A'

^*mu..

DO-22 8-4097

■'^'^0^T^,.

Just call us . . .Toll Free!

for the famous

HAM-KEYS

^J

Model HK-1

» DuaJ-lever sque^^z"© padcfte

• Use wUh HK-5 or any electronic keyer

• Heavy base with non-siip rubber feet

• paddles reversible for wicfe- or close- finger spacing

Termmals, red or black. $.75 each

Model HK-4

Cofnbmaljon of HK-1 and HK-3 on same base

Base only

with rubber feet S 1 2.00

Model IIK-2

Same as HK-t less base for

incorporation in own keyer

Navy type knob, o^^y 52.75

Model HK-3

• De(ujte sfrajght key

• Heavy base no need to aitach to desk

• Velvet smooth action

Model HK-3A

■ Same as above less base $9.95

,ai^o^°9

e 'ST IS »=^ .-^^

Speed, votuine. tone and weight controls all mounted on front panel

For use with external paddle, such

as HK-1 or HK-4

Can be used as Code p^ractfce

osciilator with straight-key. such as HK-3

Model HK-SA Electronic Keyer

• New Cabinet Colored-Keyed

to Match most modern radi-o equipment

• Iambic Circuit for" squeeze keying

• Se^f-completing dots and dashes

• Dot memory

• Batiery operated wnth pfovistcin for external power

■ Built-m sfde-tone monitor

• Grid block or direct keymg

FOR NEW OR USED AMATEUR RADIO

GEAR . . . we're specialists and carry \n stock most of the

famous-brand lines. Or, we will talk trade.

FOR FAST, DOOR- STEP DELI VERY

giveusacall. YouH be amazed; for we guarantee weHI ship your equipment the same day.

Plus, most shipments are PR E- PAID,

TO SAVE MONEY

. . , Join thousands of our satis- fied customers who buy from us as easily as from their local supplier. So, remember your call is Toll Free.

We welcome your Master Charge or VISA/BankAmerrcard,

HAM RADIO CENTER , INC.

S34d"42 Olive Blvd. RO. Box 28271 St, Louis, MO 63132

245

DIODES/ZENERS

SOCKETS/BRIDGES

TRANSISTORS, LEDS, etc.

1N914 lOOv

10mA .05

8-pin pcb ,25 ww .45

2N2222 NPN (Plastic .10^

.15

1N4005 600v

1A .08

1 4-pin pcb .25 ww .40

2N2907 PNP

,15

1N4QQ7 lOOOv

1A ,15

t6-pln pcb .25 ww .40

2N3906 PNP

.10

1N4I48 75w

10

mA .05

18-pin pcb *25 ww .75

2N3054 NPN

.35

IN 753 A 6.2v

I .25

22 -pin pcb .45 ww 1,25

2ISJ3055 NPN 15A 60v

.50

IN 758 A lOv

t .25

24-pin pcb *3S ww 1.10

T1P125 PNP Darlington

.35

IN 759 A 12v

I .25

28-pin pcb .35 ww 1,45

LED Green, Red, Clear

.15

1N4733 5,1 V

I .25

40-pm pcb .50 ww 1.25

D.L.747 7 seg 5/8" high com-anode 1 .95 |

IN 5243 13v

E .25

Moiex pins .01 To-3 Sockets ,45

XAN72 7 seg com-anode

1.50

1N5244B 14v

I ,25

MK * ^1^ KM .^ Jk idh ^ irib^k

FND 359 Bed 7 seg com -cat ho da

1.25

1 N 5245B 1 Sv

z .25

2 Amp Bridge 10D-prv 1 .20 25 Amp Bridge 200-prv 1 .95

-^

1 C MOS

T T L -

4000 .15

7400

.15

7473 .25

741 76 1 .25

74H72 .55

74S133

.45

4001 .20

7401

.15

7474 .35

74180 .85

74 HI 01 .75

74S140

.75

4002 ,20

7402

.20

7475 ,35

74181 2.25

74 HI 03 .75

74S151

.35

4004 3.95

7403

.20

7476 .30

74182 .95

74 HI 06 m

74S153

.35

4006 1.20

7404

.15

7480 .55

74190 1.75

74S1 57

.80

4007 .35

7405

.25

7481 .75

74191 1.35

74 LOO .35

74S1 58

.35

4008 .95

7406

.35

7483 .95

74192 1.65

74L02 .35

74S194

1.05

4009 ,30

7407

.55

7485 ,95

74193 .85

74 L03 .30

74S257 (812:»

.25

4010 .45

7408

.25

7486 .30

74194 1.25

74L04 .35

401 1 .20

7409

.15

7489 1.3S

74195 .95

74L10 .35

74LS00

.35

4012 ,20

7410

.10

7490 .55

74196 1,25

74L20 ,35

74LS01

.35

401 3 .40

7411

.25

7491 ,95

74197 1.25

74L30 .45

74LS02

.35

4014 1.10

7412

.30

7492 .95

74198 Z35

74L47 1 .95

74LS04

.35

4015 ,96

7413

.45

7493 .40

74221 KOO

74L51 .45

74 LS05

.45

4016 .35

7414

1.10

7494 1 .25

74367 ,85

74L55 ,65

74LS08

.35

4017 1.10

7416

.25

7495 ,60

74L72 ,45

74LS09

.35

4018 1.10

7417

.40

7496 .80

751 08A .35

74L73 -40

74LS10

.35

4019 .60

7420

.15

74100 1,85

75110 .35

74L74 .45

74LS11

.35

4020 ,85

7426

.30

74107 .35

75491 .50

74L75 .55

74LS20

.35

4021 1.35

7427

.45

74121 .35

75492 .60

74L93 .55

74LS21

.25

4022 .95

7430

.15

74122 .55

74L123 .55

74LS22

.25

4023 .25

7432

.30

74123 ,55

74HD0 .25

74LS32

.40

4024 J5

7437

.35

74125 .45

74 HOI .25

74S00 .55

74LS37

.3S

4025 ,35

7438

.35

74126 .35

74H04 .26

74S02 ,55

74LS40

.45

4026 1 .95

7440

.25

741 32 1 .35

74H05 .26

74S03 .30

74LS42

1.10

4027 .50

7441

1.15

74141 TOO

74H08 .35

74S04 .35

74LS51

.50

4028 .95

7442

.45

741 50 .85

74H10 .35

74S05 .35

74LS74

.65

4030 ,35

7443

.85

74151 .75

74H11 .25

74S08 .35

74LS86

.65

4033 1.50

7444

.45

74153 .95

74H15 .30

74S10 .35

74LS90

.95

4034 2.45

7445

.65

74154 1.05

74H20 .30

74S11 .35

74LS93

.95

4035 1 .25

7446

.95

74156 .95

74H21 .26

74S20 .35

74 LSI 07

.85

4040 1 .35

7447

.95

741 57 .65

74H22 .40

74S40 .25

74 LSI 23

1.00

404 1 .69

7448

.70

74161 .85

74H30 .25

74S50 .25

74 LSI 51

.95

i 4042 .95

7450

.25

741 63 .95

74H40 .25

74S51 45

74 LSI 53

1.20

4043 .95

7451

.25

74164 .60

74H50 .25

74S64 .25

74 LSI 57

.85

4044 .95

74S3

.20

74165 1.50

74H51 .25

74S74 .40

74LS164

1.90

4046 1.75

7454

.25

74166 1.35

74H52 .15

74S112 .90

74LS367

.85

4049 JO

7460

.40

74175 .80

74H53J ,25

74S114 1.30

74LS368

.85

4050 .50

7470

.45

74H55 .25

4066 .95 4069 .40

7472

.40

4071 .35

LINEARS, REGULATORS, etc.

4081 .70

8266 .35

LM320K5 17905) 1.65

Liy!340T24 .95

LM723

.50

4082 .45

MCT2 .95

LM32QK12 1.65

LM340K12 2.15

LM725

1.75

8038 3.95 LM201 .75

LM320T5 1,65 LM320T12 1.65

LM340K15 1.25 LM340K1S 1,25

LM739 1,50 LM74U8-14}.25

9000SERIE!

>

9301

.85

LM301 .25

LM320T15 1.65

LM340K24 .95

LM747

1.10

9309

.35

LM308 (Mini) .75

LM339 .95

LM373 2.95 '

LM1307

1.25

9322

.85

LM309H .65

7805 (340T5J ,95

LM380 .95

LM1458

.95

95H03

.55

LM30gK (340K.5) .85

LM340T12 1,00

LM709 (8,14 PIN) .25

LM3900

.50

9601

.75

LM310 1.15

LM340T15 1.00

LM711 .45

LM75451

.65

9602

.50

LM311D(Minil .75 LM318 (Mini) .65

LM340T18 t,00

NE555

NE556

.50 .95

A M ^~'' ■ ■ i^~V ir^ ^ # M*^ M- ^'^kt d

p^ ■ ^ rf^

MEMORY CLOi 74S 188 (8223) 1702A

MMB314

3.00

6.95 3 00

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS UNLIMITED

NE565 NE566 NE567

.95 1.75 1.3S

■VI iTi t,r%J 1 ^

MM5316

•J. w

3.50

.

B

21021

1.75

7889 Clairemont Mesa Boulevard, San Diego, California 92111

2102L-1 TR 1602B/

1.95

(714) 278-4394 (Cafif. Res.) DISCOUNTS

TMS 601 1

6.95

All orders shipped prepaid No minimum Total Order

Deduct

8080AD 1 8113

5.00 1.50

Open accounts invited COD orders accepted ^^^^ ' |?? ^

8T23

1.50

Discounts available at OEM Ouantilies Catifornia Residents add 6% Saies Tax S^Ol - Si 000 1 S%

8T24

2.00

All IC's Prime/Guaranteed. All orders shipped same day received, SI 000 - Up

20%

21078-4

4.95

24 Hour Toll Free Phone 1-800-854 2211 MasterChirge / BinkAmeriaard / AE

Watch for our supermarket bargains each monthf

/B^ IS THE ^WORLD'S LARGEST

POLY P/1K8

CONDENSER MIKE

7/ie X

W long

"TIE;PIN" TYPE

Quality, M&tfll enceaed with hTi I It-ill FET cirCMtt^ f^mni- directianai, freq, recp. 20-

i£,0[)OK£r Le.*ft t\n pin uf lapei cILj}. GOD ottm int-

*'GEL-5EL" POWER PAKI AM -FM-MPX TUNER AMP

• 4b Mjitrik f«r 2 & 4 HWaksr syitctna • Wall/Cent«4« t Contemporarr dfltlgn tjJack pint chi^mft 4r4l>t' P4in«i

W^

6 V

RachargeablflS Periect Jor bwclt^ufi [iH^jw-er for comput-

Scaled, fipill-prool, Ipftk- prouf. B*««r Ui(j.n NI-CADS,

Hi-, Ctjmpaet, <nily i" s l'*^ K 2"t siack 'etn in s«r~ l^qi Cir parallel. Lead Or leacl/niitii^^ny" at! (sorry. no elioDalnK> .

ioooMiLsr:.^°^r.,°'$4.9g

BsiJliJ, vour own inafker iri^n- flfjitcr at 100. 20 fi, ^00 KHz elfr, CtilLbirjite i^m\v- er^, hncn rijlfa &nd cnoFflr

Acciiraqy O.OUl^, sS*© iV^ « Va". With infitruc^ tiaoH for buililJng marker ^eueratyf, *10G Klfi nfter tricnmirjt. Wl, 1 01.

Omlfrr by Cat. No, l2A3fiSa P 104-0^7 KKi U lOS.ODO KH«

D 104.002 KMt U 114.O«0 VJtii

100 KHz* MARKER

CRYSTALS

iiri., L ox,

a S2p95

POLY PAKS "CHIPS" ^ AWAY IC PRICES!

^^^ Ordar Cat. No. 12^4048 and Tji» Hn.

Tjfp« D (CMT20B

n Ara-Bsoo-

n MW&330

□ ao3ac n KRa37e

n mc]l441'0'

2A4D4S and Tyiw

Slopwatcti . . Sl.4,95

Six TV Cjm6S , . . L , 9.99k

44/2 DiKJt DVM 4.«S

Volt ControJ One , , , ^ . 4,95

Cnt;a<l«r RQrn BCD » . . , e.99

350 IMH£ PrvEtali^r . - , «,Be

Tmich Ton* lEhCfHldf- . . . 9^*5

Ch*r, Gi^n. 12513 «qual} ^.^%

niJCM7107

D a«^OA D 1702A

G 27oe

D 2102:^1.^

*^ftCA "POCKET" VOW

• 1D9V whTTt" p«r <fOl\

1 ^ prcth^oifl, moveiTiBntiy diodt pratecled Sffainat humout. MR?R.-5urn5 DC volta O-lfi-liSO'lrtOO: AC VoJU 0'lF>'t£0-1000; fJC current n - 1 5 Omn I; rtsi Ktancft X 1 0 0 0 . .Seniillvjty 1(300 ohmB/v*>b; AC'DC!. Uaea penlite *eU, not includ^iil. f^iit* 2% i

Err

The Phnharmonic

SPECIFICATIONS! AMP: J'wT. our EW X 2 RMS. hht\y -Chan into fi i^hEnx, 4D-SCIQ0O Hi:, THO 0,e ^ . Freq. rv^BTt.

1&-20,000±2db. S/N ralio r>,'^db, KM: S^iiJ? TJ,7 uV lor 20 db S/N, n^Quir^.t US-

VAC 60 Hz. Siae: SVa x 1 a 1.-2 ic iVa-"- Wt. 7 Ibftr

MATHIX AlmuIatM quad *0TJtn1 from ;glereo FSf, tapea. and recorda. Ctvas jtel of a Uv« pt^riotmiance. SI id I! ct*ntrr>ls f<»r VOtUMje, BAS^, TREBLE and BAL- ANCE. S*t»-Evur tr>T PHONO, TAPE, AM, PM. PM-MPX, Roeker switches for POWER ON/ OFF, ATQ, STel^EO/iD MAtHIJE. Also feature;; ster- eo headpTinne jack. FM iftec-

Cat, MO' i2jl40iOT

D $69.95

LAB-K-HOBBY TEST EQUIPMENT FACTORY OVERSTOCK

TRANSISTOR CHECKER

DYNAMIC

^Vi DlEit DPM

12.50

Alarm Clofh . . .

...... 2.95

Microprocessor .

14.95

Erwflfila PROM

4,S3

eiC EPROM - - -

22^B«

IM HAM

,K 1.3»

Ttsts ^EP^^ PNP, Pow*ra and unknown aemL'a. Simply to UEe. both. In-OT'OTit of fitr-cbiit. A-is Lo [ti&t L<:all y M-afl- tiilea polarity. T««t9 It^n^- Eigf!, mati^Jl^a stmilar traO-' EiatoTs. Uae with VOM to tiist no»»fi, idynwnle leakage and more. Built-in qlljclr teat ioch«t. RtaijIftB IVaV "'D" C£]|» WJtL iinatniCtionQ. ays X 3 K S*^. Wt. Ifi oza.

I Ca^ Ko.

1IZA39I22

□ $14.95

Trans istor Ized

SIGNAL TRACER

It's like havlrig rt third hoad.

faimpllflef! locating circuk trwublcs in AF, RP^ and IP ■ctrcuLta, Eajiy to uae. coftt- pBct wcA liKhtwetsht, only 3Vi X 2 3t fi'^, Etiiit''irv BP^ii-ker imd Cain c^m^tah with teat le^dR. RequlrC'S 9V bultci'y,

1 0 OA5 ,

12A3934

In 5-IZ-I9

vol Is I

1-AM P REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

N"kw! Busy to ;i,ajiembia] rn

U3*3 LMili OK positive volt' ^— '

nK^ rcifulaCor. Kevaiae teadf Your ior a nef;atLv4,i iiipply. Buy £ cholce for a ± power aupplyF With tran.iformfrT. Teini3Htor„ PC bowrd & all company nta. Cnmpltt* kil^ nothiniT -ela-e .to buy. Wl, A IbH,

Cat. No. Voltt O l2A3aS4 S s fcf

L 1343857 151 ^iB.flS

y

friiiSi

n $12.95

STEREO TO QUAD ADAPTOR

D^rivea quftd cOUPd from

1 Cat, Ho. st«ri!0'. Wchrka with nil rnad^

12^9^0 els. aU mnk««i ho oh a mp in

%ESTINGHOUS£°$2.95

K4;C!<i[i.cfji. Ojviis the fcsl ol a "live" per/ormflncE. No power TiBcesaarT. Inputa:. £ RCA i^luj^s. outputs 4 RCA

S*^. WE. 14 Qsa.

$250

IUMI9

SPECTROL S

'"SKINNY-TRIMS"

25 Turn upriRht^ tjrii* V4

%•

s

URTllM'

M^LLHre, Screwdriver r-~, 4.,^- a e4 ah*ft. aU*!J> tol«rnnci!, Vs R *^*ffl^ ^* «. * ^ ^ ,i.^

watE. Cermet oonftlr^etl on, 91*^*3**4 2i Tuph Uat^ typ» 64

PC tertda. Order by C5it. No, "-"^^^SHS* Sing I* turn flai, typ* «3

and ;!^^l:tA. ^AvallaUa Ir mU lyvai ^tAvailAfala IbCh. -Hol llZftlBCl anly.

SVi

2 3(

I '■'a'-'. Wt. !i ozs.

Cat. No. I2j^921

■Utl

•00

31 tt D ait D »K D loB a iDK ['! 40K t" lOOK **

l: :iook •• u aaOK •• D 1 M«P-

^^ -fciai!

O 3 AMPS

$16.88

a 4 AMPS

$19.95

Ideal for CD'a^ ffam rifa, tape de-ckjf ^ /rturftl Modern

With on/ off awitch, Lh^D Jamp, k)UL]t''Ln cLrcu.it break- er. 116 VAC eO H^L, Wl, fi HHa.Cat, No. 1:2 A3 492

Cam|ilatAly

wlr«d

1,2 VPC @ 3 Amps output Regulated, continuous duty

Trt»

D $N7400 O SHT40t

□ WIT443

SSfl7404 SM740B

□ 5ftT41W O »1I4|*7 D $JI74lO n5flT4ll n $«I7413 a SN7414

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BARREL KIT #2

CALCULATOR

KETBOARDS

.0 for $1.

Ill's true1 20-\tB¥, 4 func Itlon keyboards at ridicu-

Iqub Kive.a'AAjf. Wt. 12 de»

Cat. No,. lZA39a:4

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BARHELNIT jtf2 2 9 SOUND TRl^HERSj

3 for

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BARREL KIT i^tfe4 V4*WATT M£TAL FlLfA

iSO for S1.98

lOQ^i metal aim TOaia- Ccir4. LriMfff l«ad!i. 12AJ4]3

3E CO I for

KIT #3SA COjROS^^^^j

pow«r usta: ^B^'Vy.duty, 6-ft. ]i?nff, IB jinEe. White vinyl luAula^ JJon * moldtdjCl^ffi- Wt. S CbLNO^ 1243943.

taa.

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BARREL HIT ^^22 IC SOCrttTS

8 for

$1 V«flS

Mfr untt^adai lam llS-pin,

BARREL Krr jCf25

FaniHiUA, N'E-£'a. Ml

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jitid bi£frered 'em. Vour ?d

vuni:.:L|ii-. i^A24t3

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BARREL KIT #344 HOBBY

tT«ZA

ROMS

, 3 for $1.-^

m?iyflna ^°^*^y fallout* ol tlie

TTiiible RDM. 2O4J3 bit Cat. He. l2Al7f9

bob

Four I'^-ptn, Sfllder tfiJL f2Ali21

BARREL KIT#12« UPHIGHT ELECTROS

40 for $1.98

Jmf to SCOmi i" mixture of voEt^gEisL. Tf>0^ mftj-hed ''a irood. i2Al22e

BARREL KIT jraT|

aAT> IC BONANZA] OOforSl.98

Hobby and iiTitested. tointoty mixed iti biTrdJe. LmEHns, T400'a. ROMS. ETL^S, rug. Iat«ra, c]i?ck And oalduiator chips aod m^tw. Wt. 12 oss. Crti No. l2W2flaO

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^CAPACITORS

SO for $1.. 98

UnbalieVB^lsl Worth $ttO<, Hi^h. ptselEifiD submini guPfl for all app3t«etlcin«.

Wt, S. oza.No, 12A35;;^9

BARREL HIT |IttX JUMBO RED LEDS

IS for $1.98

lOti^ materLiil, ua^r okii- ce-l lation fro tn f Ac Ivry ftuinp^ , S V 1 0 mils. PQf iDl^'a of_j4>'ojeota, red lena. Cat. Nnjl2/^3«9

BARREL KtT#li» ISO for Cat.No

$1.98^1^^1*'

Cal^ul^lor maker dumpE We gut a filllon qI

BAftRCL KIT #19 3 MINI TRIM POTS

30 for t «.

AaaE. vaLuci£ 100 to 1 ftit£ What a buy. SlnRJe tum

Y*

^. wt. fl 01.

ja49 [irain. Wl. ZO ot;i..l ZAI3330

BAIIRCL KIT # fjERMINAL StRl

^OO for $1

1^3341 i

Id* M^i RlPS^g;

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BARREL KIT ^96' OBEY LEDS

O for $1.98

WOW! Top U,S.A

Wide asat. of term (n at atrip lO ■01'

Cunneotors... from 1 contact ft4 Afl.

Jj^r*l dump I2, ytjur Bai" JiCst.N*.l3Al0»7 ?*t. .1 lb^cat.Ho 12^:^136^-

ARREL KIT ^301 V INDICATORS

w/Eeada

IS for SI .98

Test Isjnp iii.^ulactufer durnpfe inventory r Worth flfli; ea, Li lie Jrraici-o- wheat. gat. No. t2A|5ag habby

BARREL K!T#1«0 HOBBY VOLTACri RECULATOR5 10 for $1.98^

LM-»(I9K TO- 3 bATreJe^J

bv^t by the pound, but "wlio

wantK to eheck 'emT Your

— f Afy

Buy

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BAARKL KlTj;r3iO CLOWIN' PANELS

[for ^^ - $1.

4'' K 1"^ pan^lB tbat now

bJ n 0 - jtreen with llOVAC. Use for riite lites, indics' tcra, Q to. Cat, No. 12a;3B50

BARREL KIT jefa»4 PRE-CUT ' N ^Tl NNED HOOKUP WIRE

200 leiurths*$l,M

'BreadboKrdeTfl notv. ffS£ wire, pr««tit lAlo 4*^ to *" lanitLhfl. Aafll, color Claatic iBcheU. Wt. 12 ora, <S00

BARRITL KIT |13* SHIELDED CABLE

40^ft, $1,98

QRIDGESI ttq if2TO 20 forv - >-^^W ■ $1.98^^

We boi 2. tona ^t ^. 4, 10 ftftd S6 a*np filH w*ve bridjEea. Ho^? Eood, ive don't know. !,.%(.«$ tii^rl ntid hobh>-. Wt. 9 oza. Na, 1ZA40'22

or rqlkaa^ at«r«4«; 1-eODd. pIuB sliield, 22 la, vlajl j'a^ke't. Wt. Ai lb» Cat. No. 1203577

BARREL KIT j(/t9M PANEL SWfTCItC$

30 for '$1.98 9 ozB

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BARREL KIT #104 SLI»C VOLUME^ CONTROLS

BARREL KIT#«a LM-340T VOLTAOE REOULATORS ~

4S for $1.98.

9i^

BARREL KIT #JS HOBBY NPN POl TRANSISTORS

15 for $1.98'

FKetor? fallouts aad "d9 spflc" TO-3 P0^«fS. lOU ?h hobby, no nuenB, no aborts. IVt. 1 Ib.Cat. Wo.,il3^29S7

dumps dlacretta fn barrel v.lme tic Tejecta Ma>- Include fiobby aiid untested. LUo- [a^ 5, J£^^ |[j, jg q^ 34 at)] If yield 50^ or iMjttor EI volta. TO-E20 pow«r tab. Wt 4 oga,Cat- Ho.JgAJaSJ Wt. 4 pgs^. Ca(.^2Aa935

BARREL ttlT|gfI4

PRI^ISION

REStSTORS

200 for $1.98

MajtIimI BJid uamarJia^ V4.

Vt, t w«tta,N*ii2^ii42'a

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METALLIC irmltb-

RESISTORS HLP**

100 for $1.98

Ma(l<r mostly by Coming, the nneat radiator made^ Mt^stlv Vi wa^t«fa. 1 % \ii C ^ toL A a hUTei u-l 12j

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OONTROL

30 for

$1«98 100*^^ ScHMl

Singles. liuAln. variety of

VBiurs. Mtylita. bL* iinfr& — ^ ascnall oofjr. Cat. 1SA2421

'-■BARREL KIT ^11 CAfiAClTOBSPeCIAI

100 pes $1.98

trICh^^ ruo].dedB+ pl4«tiCq, cef amies, dj5Ca* etc. Sifty

BARREL HIT #1(11 REStSTCR SPCCIAU

200 for $1.98

iDcludea^ V9, ^, Vi. 1- £- watteia^ OArboQ. 8 ose. 100 ^ VDod, 12^054

BARREI, Kit JfS9^---i PRErORMEb ^dffflr^ RESISTORS tf*''^

200 for $1.98

We got bajrtis <if ■.^ ar.J

'/^" WikLL|;rj| for pc ilAe,

100: V4, If^rt ^'j" waiters. No. t2A2£ 0^100% iEaodi

BARREL Krr #»« ^Tv^ 3 WATTERS --^^^

100 for

9 A. 90 ^ jfood.

Su|i£ilierH throw "em in tin bajTsl., It'a ^ li'l B'old mine. All cnark<hiCjt,Ma..tajii3739

BARREL KIT f 1N414B/«14 SWITCHING DIODES

100 for $1,98 ..

dtihdes at ihi^>i<! (Jraf^e!.! .■C4t»No.'l2A|E4^1fi Uatei^icd

BARREL KIT 1^2 1 PREFORMED OIS

ISO for $1.98

Ui.Fl r^fr'a ahelf Inventory tut he dumped 'eTn In bwr- r^Jft, Pi-efornled, for FC V

ML-SEji yuLiu^j) >g^i£jli

bUhRel kiTYt* i*WATT s;ener

100 for

$1.98^^ t'nt«Ated FrtCiory aurtt as 400-mWa,

Never. to'ssee-ftgn in offer, C, fl. 10, 12^ 15 V. utictes- y[ft3Ji, DoLib3i« p1uEh12A2^41

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bari^el HiTfiaa

MINI-DIP JC*S

100 for $1.98

T45'*, LllaJiO, 70$. B.W. BBS, tvHo )ijj.ow*T Faetv^jF miffed, yon t«st. Untaatad fuid liAbby, Wt. 1 lb. CWL ffo, '12A|3245

BARREL HIT S

TRANSISTOR ILECTROS

50 for SI, 98 ^

U "'buffB'" UB whV t"*» fa

torifift dump "erti m h*rf«J^. We dyn't wish to separate wjiJe «flBt volLaptc* 4( values to :JO0 nir, i2A2747

KIT #it«^ fa

BARREL Ktr ^it«^ 400 PARTS

$1.98

Iil.clTJrt(J5 rtfeiatora/ eapa, dicvdes. 10, ftir PC wotlt, aorn? on PC boards. I>ump«d iikto barrels bv faotorlea, tOO^, niatc;-^!!!. tvt, 12 ozs, cat. Wa, 12JH3401

BARREL HlT|2J!ir AXIAL ELECTROS

40 for $1.98

Aaot. cjtDBOttiea and Toltaffea.Cm. M0.IZAI237

BARREL KIT M^^ PHOTO ELECTRIC CELLS

10 for $1.98

Aaat. GE typ^t, CDS tyltea* Mixed b^r faotory. Bie Jnb

\vT ^LS to aej^nrate, lfl[>^ ^Oud. Cat,No,[i;:jA1092

BARREL KIT jrtl. PO.LYSTYIIENt "

100 for

FiTteat c&pa cnadt. Aa ble "Ik* bouiEhi 40 ffORi factory, iniEPd

ait gw'>djc*^'lio;^2AaTag

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BARREL KIT #i3 HALF WATTE RS

200 for $1^98

ftflsiator faistdry tried to U^*A u* by mi^ving IDiO"^- color-codad Feelfiton in. baxrel. £ut vtilue is tb^rs. 4.PB. iJl^A^<t4S -y.at**t»d

BAttREL K4T ;^5« SLIDE SWITCHES

a iram barri^lt

iraJiucs;

BARREL KIT #2« PLASTIC TRANSISTORS 100 fOE.

$1.98

Cnteated iin4 hnbb}' trJtntia- tora, T0-e2 CT0-13> , eaat. 2N numbprj(, asst. mn^tifao- turera, Wt. S aEaJl2Al29CP4

BARREL KtT m^ i.ONG LEAD DISCS

100 for SI .98

"jL^r;LLcirL aaif^", Priine mnrhed onlr^. hr>n9 [pacts Cat. 1J;a2b9S140% gooi

2Sy

30 for $1,98^

^11 jsli^Di's, !5t3ca, flpat, apdt. moTTientariea. etc. Tremen- dous ahop p^lc f^t- lOOS oi uwilchlcie project*. Cot:.Now:l 24 2729 100 % ^^"^

BARREL KIT ^19 DIPPED MYLAR

60 for $1.9S

Fjneat caDncitora ma.de. ahlny finish. ImairLne f^^fttu-

r>' dMTTTpinE '£TT1 In t>BETI^i«.

Cat. N«j:243 S9 T 1 00 ^_ jood

BARKEL KIT ^1 SN74dO DIP IC*

75 for $1.88

Mnrkvd 14 And 16 pta dip»,

may EDclud& ifatea, fllp-

who knowa? Uat*attiii, httb-l by. Wt 14 01*.- t^A]2415]

T«rm9: AtJd TZK^stajre Rat«d: net 30 Ph«i* ? Wftkeftflld, M&S9, (617) 24E.382&

R*t9H: 16-18 I>el Carmine Bi., WakeMd*

a An(/ for FBEi

POLY PAKS I — urc.o.D.-, mayh,

P.O. BOX M2rA LYNNriELO, MIA.IO1940 | HE PHONED |

Pdly Paks inc* WaKefleld, Mass*. U.S.A. <977

P2

MINIMLIM ORPER — »S.OO

247

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S*SiWi#^^^%^^^tf^^^fci^^^^^^^^^fc^ii^

Armchair Copy

Shortwave Listening

Our ONLY occupation is supplying everything you need to tune the mediumwave and shortwave bands— and identify what yo'J hear. Our NEW mini-catalog details Barlow Wadley, Drake and Yaesu receivers, WORLD RADIO TV HANDBOOK, logs, receiving antennas & tuners, calibrators, FM or TV guides, AM pattern nriaps, QSL albums, ITU publications^ RTTY displays, CONFIDEN- TIAL FREQUENCY LIST, • clocks and all SWL books.

GILFER ASSOCIATES, INC

P.O. Box 239, Park Ridge, NJ 07656

2 METER CRYSTALS

MANY IN STOCK

FOR THESE RADIOS ON

STANDARD ARRL REPEATERI

FREQUENCIES

Dummy Load AVatt meter

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H«athkit HW-2021 (rec only)

H^thkft HW-202 Icom/VHF Eng Ken/Witsan

Midl3rvdl3-S05 Regency HR-2

Resuncy HR-212

Rigency HR-2B

Regency HR 312

Regency MR -2 MS

SB,E.

Sonaf 1802 3^,3601

Slandard 14B/fi26

Standard Honzon

Sw«n FM 2X

Tampo FMH

Trio/Kenwooa

Trio /Kenwood TR22(I0

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$3,95 EACH ^ IN QUANTITIES OF 10 OR MORE, $3,50 EACH

Certified check or motney order only — NO CODs

ROLIX DISTRIBUTORS P.O. Box 436 DunelleNJ08812

R15

B&W Model 333 for medium and low power.

A Professional Instrument for bench or field, Ideal for testing tTansmitters, DC lo 300 MHz

D 2-Way Mobile, CB

O Marine VHP &SSB

D Amateur

up to 250 watts output, in 4 ranges: 0-5, 0-50. 0-125. 0-250. Low VSWR

See your B&W deafer. Made in the y.S.A, by

B23

Barker & Williamson

1 0 Canal Street • Bristol. PA 1 9007

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ivhatdoyou gii/e |he man who has everything?

a box to put it in.

73 Magazine, as thick as it is, is more like a floppy when it comes to standing on the bookshelf. Enter the new 73 Magazine Library Shelf Boxes, sturdy corrugated cardboard boxes which will hold your magazines on the shelf and keep them from flopping around.

YeSj we know all about binders . . , we have them too , . . and we sell them, but binders are a djrag when you want one copy of a magazine. And they cost like sin (which costs plenty).

Just to be rotten {a talent we aie trying to develop, but which comes hard), we have self-sticking labels for the boxes , not only for 73 Magazine, but also tor Kilobaud . . . and for Personal Computing , Radio Electronics, Popular Electronics, Interface Age^ and . . , yep . . . Byte, Heh, hch! Just ask for whatever stickers you want and well throw 'cm in with your box order. Hams may vi^nt our labels for CQ, QST or Ham Radio, if they get any of those magazines. This is a way you can buy one set of matching boxes and line 'em up on your shelf . . , looks very nice that way.

The boxes are a white color and arc pajtlcularly resistant to dirt, a real plus for white boxes. There's some kind of funny plastic finish on 'em.

You'U probably do like most people who have tried these so far and order one oi two for starters . . . then get a couple dozen. The postage on these is the killer , . , so one box costs $2.00 postinaid and SI -50 for each additional box, 7 for $10.

Unless the magazine gets whole lot fatter than it is right now these boxes should hold a full year of 73 ... or Kilobaud.

One side is cut low to permit you to see the binding of the magazine . . . and note that we are now printing the information on the top part of the bmding so it will show in these boxes. You can put the boxes on your shelves with the bindings showing or with just the white board sh owing, there are little marks to help you center your labels on either side.

Your magazine library is your prime reference, so keep it handy and keep it neat with these strong library shelf boxes.

Send me boxes for 73 Magazine Shelf Storage at

$2.00 for the first box and $L50 for each additional boXj or 7 for $10* Include the following labels:

$ .Enclosed DCash D Check D M.O.

Bill: D American Express D BankAmericard n Master Charge - Interbank #

Card #.

. Expiration dale.

Signature

Name,

Address City

State

Zip

73 MAGAZINE LIBRARY SHELF BOXES

Peterborough NH 03458 or call Toll Free (800) 258-5473 NH & Evenings (800) 251-6771

73/12/77

Before the prices go up again, treat your- self to a bargain .... The best and biggest amateur radio magazine, 73, is $9 OFF the cover price for 1 2 issues when you sub- scribe for one year . . . for only $15,001

Call us, it's toll free:

800253-5473

Tell us your credit card number so we can enter a subscription for you. A subscrip- tion saves you a bundle of money . . . just figure it out. At $2 a copy you're spending $24 a year, yet a subscription costs a lousy $1 5. Nine Dollars saved may not be a lot today, but that's no reason to just throw it away because you don't want to bother to pick up the phone.

Someone (s usually around during office hours to take your order, credit card number (Master Charge, BankAmerl- cerd or American Express) While youVe calling what would it hurt to get Kilobaud too? And maybe a few books for the bathroom.

If the line is busy tear out the card bound in the back of the magazine . . . just inside the Ijack cover . , .

While you are tearing out cards it is high time for you to mark up the reader's service card and send that in too. A good response con- vinces advertisers to run more ads . , . you get more pages of magazine* It's a good investment.

73-f>et€rborGugh nhQ3453

249

■9

YOU rai^^s^iDD $

Hm^ 63. SurtMui IMW DMQ-2 Sueijti T* on 2^0. 4ncr««tiflf A PC 2 triifwe«*«t laiaciWUlf.

iipt^Ad, iflidt' Tester iKTi^vTing 6C 2^

tiding, n«fHt*t«f c*i fnoikitD*. SC 442 «nt utim^

Ttw V iaIw. ...,: r . TV nvnl^ che ART'26 Ia. TACfi ta an 770, ARC 5 hf ra Sr ti« ARC 3 ts on2M.

AUG 63i, B^rtirv oe Bfifl nn, dio^l* na«H #«rv,

HaIO rnodS, <wi bi-ili4in. V££ bavn Haxirgn, ctpiMm tomwM, RF i^aTtm#r^, TX Tube Guide. <jjodB p«w lupplv, 'LuncHbOK'^ squelch. ^WR e«pl4n Atton, v«rtirc#l snt 4nlD, Into on l^ifidon^ Am.

OCT S9» WBFM ti«rtK«iMT idflBi. HF fsrcfl*^ fiorr. cttiMp 1on4 p^tch, ramatB-tun«d V^gl. CDntimcclofl hii^iv »it coupler, ^ VofticAl, fMumflAI iRtcirmcT cofTitrLtct^afi, 2M nMviiiror

COntin^TOf. LiftVQtta HE 35 nnodi, Buyoi*'! Qulc^g tcih Hm & T«, produce: daiiactaf. rtawdl Hi {^ V^O» rai^O aMrdnomv, panadapior "if* CDnvartof , compatt ntik* amp,

FEB M, SM multi channel QHChter. tk dlistgn idiin*, priJi^lc iff fw|tch, Ipudspesfcer andowjiriSi,, 4Qiyi ^W iM, look At Ei»iif equipn^ant, f4d(ei grautidl, AQM Zi. Spacilal ant, nauifalizalisfi

MAY B?. Qi.<iad Ivsue: 432 Quad quod quad, nm^sti^udi Hf auad, Td^ya tri cr^uad, mmiquad, 4 DM quad, quad «k$»rimBnti, h^kf-qiiad, ltii«p •I quad, 2bM j^uad, uhpver qyadj flii)v toefaci quad, Quiid SJtlltPfraphy. FET vfo tubn irfHiiblffhoQHng, HF du^r^rtiY load, undoi •tandlnfl "HO," HF SS&jCw rx. ga?mESTit ct euif daijjn. OS0 ^1 ii*n»{:Biv«, FET tijfii*!!** t0f 10 30M, hi fmu r* rjlTeriL

JUtV 67. VE fwm fwdici. VEQ h«mf. ctal) 40i|>TPi. hO'itiw tittt¥» t{ivwi, TrAiHictar dpn^p. '^ Wdrtd'i Fait, flricf plan«^ 4fil. Q4ZU tHsm^ SStV m^niiot, UHF FEt pmtfUl^, IC "**" ■:tr4», wartlcal af^t^ VHF.'LIHF dipp*. tf>kwv hi«ift, *tdp« momtpring, pf>BT«ling t^ili, & Ltn« »0«a««fl< lii «cA0fl1 hem ^uli, HHib HRtO mcMlt.

Wb* 67i HF wQiit^ ttalB m. rupi^d vpiairpr iJiHlyi'Mtif iriuQ-iunad >^M^ FET ccHiwtar. SSTV !!<(• ia«4. VHF Iqq^:!^^!*^^^, rouuiilHr diciioi*. tifiMnt^nhJit^ ctfi^ oidl-twFi« (hfng. 'tiodori d«tf^.

JUNE GS. SurfULM IhuH: Tr^nsfprrnvr lrM:M. BC 1200 ta, 4PS- m ATV tm. low HQlta^ Cfc «u|lfll'ir, wrpfut »cop*t. FM riB ct^mmarcial hial TVfi««^ WiIcqb F-2 ija, rastDrinfi old #gutprr>«ni, 7&A1 fn moKk, TRA 14 dn 432, fraq catm-Tiir uiM^ Ir att>>c.#4ir4t piArr i-uDQly. uses few chaap tulM ri«4rd«rii, Sun>tifE CdfivvTsuDn Bib ho ^rapniy. RT 20d waJKia ort 2M. ARC l guard ri. WTTV I- TL»,

JULV S8«^ Woofdnn towtr edfEttfuciian, il^to^rar towmrt, «FtKimg a laFa^hana s^ata, tc AF ok. "dB" attplainiersJ, bam club tipa (Part T J.

SEPT Q8i Mabllv vhf. 433 F^T praflmpb,

eonsntfilrtcj TV TMHon, itt»i Ofc 9tntrlhtv. par aMo^ Twtf datlan, rnoon&ounce rhonfihic, 6M ;i(dUDir 1cdrraetJB<ni9 Jan S!r), 6M frqn^c^a'vilf (corrqctjcni Jan Q^K 2M dsb amp, ham cJub tEpt^PaftSL

NDV SBi SSa Nial flltars, sdlid ststa troubia ihodUi^f],. IC tf»q eounlBr (many BrrOri & Ofrilw*Oi1*S, *'l:V" trjinBfprTneri^ ^pn-ce COmm odvi*My. Pulwr <bTo, itun-wJ^a anri, 40M uiitt titldf LVD iH/m, BC 349M deutaia cd itvaimiQ rt, mullitunt^liPP Tailor, cO£iO«f wrra ipnci, ttnar. rn\i!tOf app1rc4tiDi^, hivOltBge tran^lnaf >i<t. Mm club Titn If^art ^J.

JAN 19, Su^pimor <toiTtty«sar. HW 12 on 160, tNMm 1u>i4irNB. AC vdltat^ conrtfor. :3M tfvt%ftolOf 1K, LC pOwflH TPduEAr, speqni^rn RffllviH mio. BM itiarHistpr re, eperdTifi^g ttttn tpfa. RTTV 44tti>itift, '£a/tcut«in9 otc TTabtlitv. i|(»-C»«H 40 <iw t«. «K)«#«mHl rvHav lA^i^Jiins. fiflHttWH opwator't tprid^a^ hovn ctub licnr iPal 7i.

VB. SSTV c«tm>ra imod fdi faxi-icAn. tfthbafKl iitnfltf,. Ml I E*w>* af tiltv^, u^i^hEtign irantinof tnfp. Ni>vQt4 Tesn b>togr>c^y. mob«l«

iR 69. Surptui itiu«: TCS n modi. cIwmci comprtruar/amD, RXZ calcuiatKiinn. friniMiOf k*V«'. bvttar bal«ncact modulalflf. frani^ftQt OKillalpr^. utli%g blgmerf, haffvHnre fa«4ll^ inlo^ S%iipluf Coniratii«n BlJ&ltogf4Phy, aHtfai ficani* f rudv tPxfi 2)

APfl 89. ScriLinncl scape amp. r« pra4iTLp. t«vo ar l*tT. vi.riatrl« DC ioed SI1VR bi ^dUia. 1 DO IlHi mafka* g/ar^B, idcne trgnfJSTor tcwct, SBfilO m^ntrdiK^oP* rnod«, ppftaftjlfr CM AM tH, 2M convartaf, itMira ktfania ttudy i.^art 3K

MAV GSi 2M TufhtlOa. ZM S^ot, rn atT«ri mJ-to^ , Qancrator Mttar, thor* VEE, qwad tuning, utine jtniefinnioQirM. niaqiuflng ant garn. inhorw patqh

r»gi. ^WR tndtcaiDF. 1&0M shcirt varticjiLa, 1 QM Rfiraiinji, HF fi to pa ga c id n angJei, FSK flid'tfoT, KV^ lummy lotrd, hi POi/ver linear, oxtra lit-anMi itudv {PNFt A), illl hand iiurtatn arrav

JUNi Hi, MtarOkMiVa pbvr gendratip^n, BM ft»b

tJ^, 432 SF tufrn. AM convert ar, 2M ^/S w^wtt wvhlp, UHF tv lurtftri. ATV widec mpdnlHTOi. UHF FET praarnpi, flTTV mqniTQTSLopa, -imiia lif^anta sfiJdv (i>aTi 5K tHjJIding utit cavitlvi. ■nifii VEE tar 10 2^DM, vhf vta

JULY 60. AM md^ulKdr, SSTV Sid 0«ri, eM «w Imur, 432 ICW amp. 432 er rii/rii., GM IC canvfriw, radJ-o com rolled mO'C^els, RTT V IC

The hack issues of 73 *re a gold mine of interesting articles - . . jiJBt take a look at what's been covered , , . every possible interest. This is the most important library you can have for hamming*

The supply of these back issues is V0"y limited ... and when these are gone, that will be it. Don't miss out by procrastinating. Treat yourself (or a ham friend) to a fantastic bargain.

ty, audio hotcN fMt«t, VRC 19 cpnvarilqn,

tutaa lutntitutton, 2M transtiitar mcItw-, axTra l'cartB« ItUdV (part 6|i, hf FET Mid,

AUG Bfi. FET reijen for 3.& MM? up, r rv. CI Viral iw4tchirtg,_ ^/a wave v-tfiJcal, Inirodui:: Mart to iCs. RTTY tone gen, opod/bad tfun lifloi cJ'ID^k.ei , 2M AM Ix^ measura trnr^t-iilOf Fl IGOM propaoalidn, irltae afFi ny

mtmpmt 4F iMVffp 9(Bt«. trantnior fc«v«±J --•■ 3 Mi on BM, vtal IrAqi muiur«<¥i«ni, extra licanM tiuttf ^p«it 71, FM fi^vmuon Ttviar, qrp am BM lit, Ktfcyla« quadt. FM naii* It^fa, rraniMior R«amatiir mew.

SEPT OH. Tunnd i3ao<^ th*vv. m«|Jc t«a, tD4d«r]rii{| iacl<ini[:pu«t. prtii* traiiial itmoty. atbla iPiMidJnL tiarqrttoi tlworv, AM. Ttoitm im%iiar, Af S< f«n. ttmrnmuf smp dttbuQ$i<nB, ■n«a«u«a tnaiar r^aittvpi'Ua. d^ot^ «Eac% CHwr ttiisfMv, iF»ni l4cttH Mnino. 2.VW 6M tx. NX Tti t«utrali2rr^ cafMfmw^ wia*ga, rwfici prdfA^atiqn, AW inpd pareaitfaiga. astra das tkcajua iiudi^ tf^afi i), 3 AOBZ linaor. ATV wid*co«t csfThva^ 2 txwrlTO'

OCT €9. Supct ^m 4arM am, F^T ^itilwpm, lal«phon« into, KOpa Cscfttirafdr. thiff^lor tuc^ o^otacitiir. ttoiiai tuniitg rat^. iftaittitv calitMWtot ftHTTTTdnk:*, FM p.d«pfor fof AM EH, CB i«i; qn iMri. proportional eonirot arai ovafi, ■ tal iiiiv iniialiafron. Q rriuUiptiaf^ rrariicaiw<it pwr (i^rpolv. axb-a class study 4p^t ^J.

NOV 69. ^CX 3 o«i 6M. IF notch tih«riL dial CMiiuraiion. H^3^A eRtn-rql VFfI, &M con vflriar. f«itdl»ne infa. rf £ pridflc, fm mobiJa him*, urribFHilit anf^ 433-Qr tn Iparl 11, pwyt tupi^lv trlci^t ^«th rfiodes, frantittOP kayvr, irafiiliror biam dBikgn, xraE whf itgn Q«in. itlac crqnic vcifiac, SB33 mod*, e«tra clan t?udv ipafl' IQir SB34 If near improusmsnTi

DEC 89. Tritn»inor d^e^de c-Juflckflr, din mi my ldii{]/piiianuatDr, Eunod 1 11 tat chdicErt, tjond «Mtt;hlhi;] Swan 2S0 & TV-3. Samh laliiqlkvlty, matc^ oxQrflsiOE, rtl Ktal calibrDtpr, trmiilntor pa dDllan^ hv mdbJt* p.E., 1-1d qHz freqm«t«r. CB rl^ on 6M, aietrv license AudV (part II), 1£}7D buyaT'n giiida,

JAN TO, iranftceiv^r BCceua^v unit, bitnch im>W«r supply. SSTV color rnaiJhOdl. bina tunad e«ri(«r (oad«d ant, BM bandpan iiliK, #Ktr4 licmnm itudv (;>«it 12, recrjfiv diod« ytasga, f«eiimila info,

FEB ?a. ia^<n[:l>i 15M OiPOla. GM COOMVI*. hi4h-<laf%Mtv 4>c tKiard, cftrnpv-mobil* bin it. 2M ffftm f|rrtth«BtCBr. encodingA>BCOdJng loi ra P««1«ri, DX 3& ^T'>0#i,. iianorBrnjc wHi rt var taMaZ HF rrvabnle Tnount, enrfrii bc:4!'nfii Ruij'^ Cfuri I3l, lutBH IC mfo, oirp 40M im, IC Cl fniittttilFar

A&AR 70. Qdd «>i>liicKtiana^ Eftari^T tor fremiti, FM freq mnv, pc tsomeit canstTocTiOfl. h«rr( fm

' wiian'F* imD4v«t«« iftmt % I. Sfp^ #t tt>o(3i |Mki< d^p l't« iMotO'Oia 41V cCrni««i mii$ih», uw rnoi»ill»f. tHLtvEi^ t^B-pl\^s toffic^ ^£Q 2:|A wjno l>*JOV Cd^varsidn ORC^ rx/la. corfT«f«iOf», a^tta £!*■ itudv f[i«Ft 14K intf o to rf^f tm

APfl 70i Hvnm bta^liar. 2V ^FOrirap r 4«t Ukficli* eo^nwariar, fa0«*t«r JtsntrDlte. undaritainHjing COR fwemsnF. TjH- wawa 2M am. axtra eJ^ii lluCfV I port 15||, ine^i^paisj^vie sem ico n^uci oriH twrnovatu^ lurplus meizri, liniiiM am0 b^-M F*a%i>aiQr, t^i parformance pf »mp & a#C lYtTam, &Sfi iilo for 4hDrlw«vef0d4O. r#ci4Mm It^tM loa<q ijon a»nvta|l fm dOP« i» fep««i;<» gMtftr, masfi**

■Fiq rci^i' Bfii

MAV 7Q^ Commetiit on "tm >;fDCiiBt" ^IBBOS,

lnjf-itm Q^ tw. fmam rn altan*sr. ?i,'(l wwvw viirticaEt, uainf 2M FntalFiQiOntlV, KiUTr' '"•TFap ftiarmf, pvKt iMppUie* from i,urp1u4 coi lEt,

"IF" liyttiFiTi uTtodiilat FpEirl 21, ^fht I kl Lir* jimdi, trdacaiad "Idjat" ll:tE]5..|:>afitagM auintp 6M u, nuira etnu ttydy^ (E^arl 18), B^ihop IFNL,

luW'b^nd pOllCD rnonlTOr, rrvobile CM TX. VHIli:Mlil

JUPiEr 70. DDRR am. via i;Hcmf, r»m|T* tlWIS iF'tdidiitar. Indn-Or hi vuTlFcaL twd i% aw dnei alllofiFia, enuiranmflTit & casn Ion. 7b| Itaf^ VWrttcatV, thJV*rig lurptus, two 4DM qrp fn, 71 iH'^ 2M boaiiTi, OA'Ha c^flss stjdv <.pajt 1 7 1.

O&C 70* iVC'lid tiat« vnt fituM^F. tJa(Tj Ua c »hi irol fOt SSit ;>M IririliCTOr Ftwl Jk HW 1 00 ot'ltii'' tun^rHB, "lui^ie aai%" dipp»i. 3 'jOQZ M Ii4t«uir« gUfiAtal dan flTudv Ipart !^< "^afilti 1»ftt"

Inn good - errorsEji, trenijttof fKt, currant Hmllqr

JAJy 71. Split fontfE far dKjng, Nantb Trtn -nr ruddi, ciA^ dytv tytis, ifipaHTdr f«<D boaiut, HEf" IC flTOJBE.tc. Tl) l^'ZOM parnbpllrr ideot, liyhT hIf^ prqiectlgn, IC rx a^cnsiory. atilc iinii, doiitiJP' tMlnncecl mil sen, pwFTiafntfit fti»[^«+ TdO'l, y%mtn Ittcmse study quvitioni

FEfl 71. Metal io«ai«»r. varactor tb#affv, AFSK Mhil, SSTV patch bo*, ATV himi. RTTTi' iLmiftp indicatof, io*m eicDclisf /d«co dv 22fi MHf uroiwarttr. ^^tv masfwric dafia&riiori^ nc coda ovc. Em tFt beoDm. vain«rBi zta%% itt-ni^ iCiart fi>^ RTTY tntr@, p«il tisaril iftiitNOal Iqmr ohmiiTai^.

MAR 71, IC nudio fktief, IC 6W convvrriaf . iraii b*nii:«i Hteto. cMgi cour^tv ifftld. u^rfiruK «(|u«p fnani id»ntlft«=atFdin. ht bavsr, virtpl* rpna paieti. rap— lai ^uifiD miatv^ li^i R7TV ac<«« tetiac. ctBtfi^mBv- vfd^aw/ evrwaf ctwa«(uair (parf 71,

AP^ "*' Frttro ro frrt, no tiv -^^ b *r 'mn^mimr

p».. Moilrorot» ^"''j^V l\ '^'^■^*'** '•

0mttm linking,, i^n- ^^ ^ j\J ^<ii«alFla 2M im rK/l*. f*^"^j^\ \j i^ ^nn msrliBiplffCie, fftataf av CllW"tor n^ociuifatot . «*rnpi* tiq 0«n tr^ ^^ hcHikup. hf pr«wk«ctO'. tOM 12W t-

MAY 71. 75M meoiJ'a wtifii. ^M prwnip. irani.tni!'' amp dnigti. IBM dhb tr,. pariaula tm tt HfttCKivm i£ f actor V, audk> e^mptasmt cliispW, Tran*iiror LM freqmeisr. 450 MHf Md* |m. ikmpi« af fUiair^ t tube 2M tra'nif NF<Mif . itift-tlFi* 2M IKJ^Mar amp. general qlaii fludV tpAFf Bt

JUNE 71- 2M beam ff:Kfiatimitiiitt„ 3 al SflVI q^Fael

muUi lannfi tUptiim pjti^mi weufhftr bii:ti&o»F SfD^F Ileal. i^Qcket pd[|4r niuiFlch, tiMu ftp vFo, tuniFH) nioblle whip^i. Erantiitpr pwr luii^iiy, CAp*cHv dlicad^s ijox. 40M (a urn nni, gonnrnl tilUtt ttudv ^part E}).

JULY 71, IC aucjji? proc4««or, aud^a ■Ig Q«n„ cv^ flUer, 2M fm ptc, 2IVt cqLlinaar vertical, FM iupplilflr dkectoFV, Moioxdlfl G ttrii} L-attvBriiDn, trAnihtor haiA tiHtflr,. ^.«r»arii4 clau ilucjy Cp^M tQ).

AUG 71. Ham facn^miFa ipart 1|. 50P Wait I J nil 11 r, iFimetisiofll iat Jwly eOlUrwar. 4'luk,w itO/40 vtat^'Q'ii. vto digi r«wdpui, Jupitar on 1GM, ganaral dasi itudy {ipart ill, pink lickat *ave m^itw.

SEPT 71. TfaFc«tbrrfM«l«s fi^Mrflr ^4jf»pii«i, voikt tt4il«' tv carfwra^ IC vubiufuTion. ii^o r^ 'frttt matari, IC compresior-agc, mi^itilcHaitnal NT ZOO. ham fsQ^mjla Coari 7t, cautaa pf manmadiB iHtise. wfo iftith Tracking fFir«»f^ f|«n «r*l cloai xludv tp.«t 12K iranttaiOr h^r tfTlhimg. IC tHiHe gan. fona-lMlich laq^tatiapt. hcd Miattmcliri.

OCT 71. EmAi^ncv iB|f tf cor, trvHCOv^ ponwr supply^ procSctifif trvtao* iliowvri., dbg^ tuvitchtr^ rBi«rsa^eiwra»l baftavv ctivgipr, Paailtfi fiBp*»i«v Anrtli ^tHMAy aud'O u^tor lt«9" f Flt«rk. SvKln :a54l mo<i»

NOV 71. :i-^ 75M tFaAFv^. moiqr-iun^ci g^K] pitr^e. JU 9*ii<i ve9-ii^a2. irammo'^ bvavfig. ifi-lir (■M fiifiaatv, tok huniiA^ sudi'O fdrat, fr4>n tisttHFi'(J»ode tiPR«f. «Eal ffe^at. OMi l^v vtip. T&lS-SfliM qudd cra<Hitrar «»• n»i final, am tevdliTi^. tDmmuriicatidrrt dlHt. 7^00 MNx mn «itar,

AUG 72. SSTV ^tro^ wiBftcfk prOcffHO*. tm rvp^alEf Vnto, test proti4 COnvnuctFOn,^ GE jproflifw a« supply, 433 ft t«tJFii((. prcan^E^ (jompraticF', S^x ar mods, font otich, Tmo af into. iol»r hnfo^ SCR raQuFaror tor HVFS. "Idaal" xtal DSC. tm r« ad^ptar. aulQ thvft alarm.

SEPT 72, Pjumbition tvcom«f», WWVBflOkHsr rM, ctgarLUbn iliyi i^eii, c^ atlFva flliar, rf icfUng at 12PB30DG GHz, biiLurt ^nt ti»ad, Ttaniilitnf powar lu^plVr IC GfA th, IC 'n^/am i^ptnntcir Cpart 3K activo tUter dAiiQn liian :i1, K2DAVV frbq caunti&r (part ^f, !?M Uaq tynthatl^ar (p^art

n

OCT 72. Correct loni for Aug. fm rx adapts. 2M 'itKj jyt^tKciire* Iqart 2K 6M ifalnitlar vto. nanti ani(ii£rTif matBf, timw Irnrq ni«awjri|fri«rtt (part 1), atitJVB tJ4tBr damjun ipml *i, r«p4ataEr Urnet. ^Mtrft-clais Cl^A {part 31. ibaMOArt v*rt ici»r. >|0 gen. Time oalay «alay. 432 H\tm klaai. OC AC tfiiL^eti«t, hc-dioda convvrtai ril &^»^ 4fvi^ niPta nitivm, plus rninjui Cuppiv I«m IC».

MOV 72. Hf tra:nai«To^ fMJuMar Mn^lL ffTTY

Tflicai,. dc fin m. franuno* kayar, •mwoirft^Y oo««r. Z20 MHx pnafnp. d<outM«-^Mlta am. umc^le: cont^rrv ufiinp rno<dUlat, ht ^F tmtm.. ' \^w7tjteti inu' oic. 3W traiq tymtiMJiDafl loait 3>, >CZOAW «^»Hi.oT«» «rrata, JM 0»raB«n{r, wtfa ciAKtiQAA foa^t 4). t^k 3! n^invtv,, NJkoia Ta^lii itAfV» *ti< iwr me1», |Faf«fr4stfi# ttfHt t*. 433 5SM trarKtHeriej'. AC ar* «MM$a#. iftlTo lO com pifto^ tivt)r«d am fna<fulai^. HR lO »» moflt^ ICMt m<<intm' >t<ii tM,^ 40M fRdp>aA*. iC togic daiTHortitii^iaf . Oir^ldad ^OtirictfcDrt, il/rf ^Aecp ^anavfttor. Elr(|<^ ^rvq coyrttar. autat tk tuning

DEC 72. SSTV icopa afioiyMr. 2M tm ^ a, tune burst Encoder and dvcodaf. uniV't'lal H aifnip autaqi;»atEh liookup. kM^SOfi FPto YOltafjfK var ijdble £ap Fnto, 2M IS wail arr^p. ££B mixlub*^ t4an moni»r. itial fraq/ai;::iiviiv friatat, lOA war dc Mjpplv. tfarudiniiilDn Una uiat, f*dld utrorr omy, •nducrtBDca metai , 75 to 30M IvaAiv«rt»r. I.EP info. 40]Wt preamp. iranil«dr vfa, 19 72 lnda»t. 2M piearnp

JAN 73. HT 320 tquthtona, 3 al 20M vagi. SO lyi^Hz freq coMHTer. upaach qroca^iar, ^ t^ne Qan, I'm T«At <ftt^ tlit oyar to war $M convumif ijfiing FT^odules, tiineabia at fJliar tin bund IIOKar, lOM If ruoar, ritcidw itoU«i Ifmiier. cVif/asb aifli:, HW22a trtinticaiyflr 40jyi mncJ, HAL lD-1 mod^

FEB 73^ CW Id gvTi, tqna o^araitd ralay^

TCiididaF qiiDdratura am, <li'.i' V^ W, fima freq moasurefnenl (part 5> ^^\1 %.i(ng COJItfOl. SSTV circtiiis I" 1^ ^^ i;«n¥apt»r uiinfl n^odolei. '^' >%\ \,/ .AatanfU), F£T bit«iin^. ^faq ctJUjCLXiJ *^""'P'' TR22 nt-potffW rn&d, traniistaf ^ Tjv^r arnt^f [0trt 1], liffht bulb ft ooiivci iindJC4tori, 75A4 fjliatt. catiatitpnce meaturemem, C^onf^t iSOl TttwJ, Wi&rld lirrie ifHo,

APR 73- FlW dttvlation mnar, 2M FET pt^vryp. tHvo 2M powef ampt. rcpaaiv eqiiirQt ittmr If, rqaeater ttootfeing, EufOiMian 7M I'm, tm fcaniwfr •daoiof. RCA CMUtS mo^t. llflhtninQ datactdr, cts Atigmmwn i^dipit, tvafiaianx rl i»oii«« anipK

JUNE 73. 220 MHz ii^ gun, uht POwv maw raClAzter tictttting i.nfo, RTTV JWtCMAitch, 4CHM tlVlV*d iHTd Fa. vit liOLiif mo^yni, I0l5^ti CiiBft, iCSOAW colli nTH moot, dCFwWa sioaw ant, harn fumrrte* rob. lort* cl*TjeH:l«r. 1t«id iitangith metef, nlcad tuiittnr t^m^, otwn nwi*. FCC rms fpan IK

AUG 73. toQ-|MrMid(ci fpan-i 11 f^A* IKjfa van. rt pchMar afnp daa^gn. traiixiiitar radio knt tt'-coirij I60iyi ant, SSTV monaar, Iom tofi fraq counter. VOM dmien, tv0 *0M va. 432 MHz ttHSitsr, hn audio ivocaHtng. FCC tagt temt 3 J

S£PT 73. F^«paat«r cpncroi fytfam. iqQ- pariadFcx itiaft 21, 2M fa ca'itn'^iQr Pil, ic apcllicaitoni, TT pad hookup, htaniti MWJ "c" maiat. Oscat & iS&^pitr. 2U «;o4iLiai mnt. 2M cnnwertw, IC kayw, ir^atur* im Z, FCC raga (pnft 41 .

QCT 73k GE Pocketmata mfidi, Fyrterovvav* ffaq mQaiMramarit. CA^JlO:;^^ al« frontanct. 2 kw hf

linear, cf TA^attmoiaf , matw rapijlr, 6D/40 d>ipDi|«, IC "hi" gsn. uht frg-q myltlpl|«F, FCC ragi [pprt

NOV 73. 460 MHf aJieltw, iotro to ATV {-:hFE:iiits, mtsd vnlta^if md-rtuqr, auto^atcH <;ar htjctioti*. iC metm aFTiplltiai. TR72 ac tupply, indaor vertFcaJ, IC at filtvr, mo-mantaFy POw«r likiuFie prateciiofi. 160M ant acoupiti-. Moto ro)a HT mfo. SSTV ISB, Cl«ta e af amp FCC f«Br« (Psrt 61

DEC 73. Code w«a0 i94f«ilav„ 2M kw amp, IC kayvf. 8038 wai^elorm gan^ halicai f atonal or ide»fpn, KniiiTivert votlfn*tar. pfovimttv cofilrol ivdrti^h, IC Ttffar, wc^uafiij^l lona iMcfMlaT^ 3M portakfle bc«m^ vUfctrctfiic calculator rruih. (tw* ^mar desivft^ FCC regf 4pari 7i

FES 74. SSTV <inoniiOf ihIq, IC audio aimfi^ ^EdfiNi K«gff«p 9Ht. t&/20M varucal. laMptMna Una cofrtrot im^tami, p% b^ar^ t9nt}Tt>f,iiion. var-Q at liitH, bIcHwn luaa frtdicaiai'. 4(Vn Ciw «tn wndi Tan-T«r fno4Si4«f|„ »#<RiMff u««arnt» Coilrrprfe^r, iinola IC t«. "*3^'mt" im^i ^BHin biv, timmifHOt ttmiftn^ c«r£ii>t. t ■atm*nt lajifqut

APB. 74. ViCTK toir 'vpavtan, t9i*t^mwrmita fday hf tf«ovp«rtar, tO ig- 3^m (■ cDni««rtar. <BTM3te eomtol p*nai tor acarni*i#f, RCa ^fm r^ tunlr^, tiitjvtdj bl«' farm ^n. FCC fagt i»Mt 9}. Rppaatar Atlai

IfIAt 74. Cd car iginii^on «ypdFO CDnrpressor mi&, irFterfBT^rKfl fuppr«niM«t for uoati. auto btd'gla* alam^i. 2m tc ptmtrrvt.. IOit^ i<rr {.on

y«ftat,

JULY 74. 4 lOOOA lin«aif, unFvwrtail treq gfin„

Ljnium-sal afsk. gen, 5E13 PC rimst. BOM pli«t«d 135 kHj-432 MMi praamiH, TOM i(fp p»m

.¥ i**. ■« ruuuM iin«9if^ un Fvwrmi' Troq gan^ univHTSal afsk. gen, 5E13 PC tPmst. BOM pli«t«d arripy, 135 kHj-432 MMi pra»miH, TOM i(fr ^"^ tH, HoaO iMjciupply, haw tp raad {jia^ami

AUG 74. TdriaiiJiil tjiractltiFi^dii wnlrtmfltorv 4EQ WHJ FET preamp, ipb« qdq tp lipd "r", TeimWne it put! hoflkup, R39Q ^ ^39!^ Fit modi, trat-kir>ci tw (iJliiiir; aurQl voJtitioTor^ u^fiI- kjarbal regulstad: lupp^y. uitu lOMn c&nvtFF teF', rtl tOQ-rc prDblemi, ID IIfhsf,

S£PT 74. IVIOSKEV alocttoniic; kaya? Lfjair Ij. «x vnrntng syvtani, Hwm\h 10 103 fi;OiP« f^odt, qrp EM am t*, ff ipa««h cUppat, MMdud noimv NmFter i.vw f^tellLte on SSTV monltSF, kirtivvrsl IC tester, miiiiatura r iiQ co^ftruction, lowai contivu.i:ti&ri, intFiiita rl BitpnuatoT. «l««.ironlc

(More)

250

photo-flash ideaSj JC 'setecl oi^t-"

OCT 74, MicrotTEiTisistor circuits, i-vntheil^ed MT230 ipa^T 1), f^p^stsf govBrnmeni, regu 1at«d :5 ^dc si^i^plVd ftri sdicaJ, vemow&3hl£> rftHatiHw dni&, Mu tar a Id rh6ter»n^, ?M ^eMirij^i CdI.EJnear, McitOirOiia mprtal cods, 2VI tOEiKf^i dipaJti, 1.5 MH/ if s^trip^ MONKEY ^■ecti'Onfr:: keym tpBii 3>, -c-afl^on miKs CjrcuiT, hi po'w&r lO poSi filTCr, 6M prearnp^ 3 vwlrft dipulit. A TV 5vnc flen, NCX 5 rTJD-ct&, mDbLlH i^hip tof apart mant duveMerSi^ -^^tv a>JtQ v^riicdi trig

NOV 74, K20 A,W <:Qur>ter update, regulated ^ udc Si^jpplv, if^'ind r:tijrecJ:ion intli:cator', synt^ie fi»j*d HT 220 Ipar-T 2), 20M 3 a( b^am, awio p^tch p^d hocikups^ doijt}ie'-$.fut:i ant matct^. nowitE clast injtructi-pn, digi a^wr meter (part 11. 6M cowerier (1 6. MHi if). "Cbridge,-' WOSKEV efoctronic ^*:^^y^J^ (pari 3^^ Aug. sitv scan uinvfirter erratB, repeBter aft-freq indica tor,

DEC 74. Care pf i^iced^, wind ^p<&ad /di r Oi^t i an in^iicatorj v<jx satelliLte viden convurter, el'^c Tronic Jieyer, liir>r$ fpr novices, unknp-wn meter acgtes, S3TV tape iftesa- TTL. (pgic probe., poblic ^rvic« bsn'CJ converter, tuned-diade test receivers,. d3Qi *wr meter (part 2), Telephone

pols btam Support, rhombic ant«nnai. 1974 |nd0K

FEB 75- HejjTh HO ]0 scope mod tor SSTV. etecifonin: keyer, digital *at«Hite ort>lTa( timer, OsGSf 7 fip&ratiari. *at#Hll& Orbht&l pi^edittiOrt. Heath SB- 102 modls, comparir><) f M & AM. fepeat&r er^ginegr in^, Robot aO-A sjtv can^era mod., niJutraliiing Hiegith S@-110A, "Bounce Less ' IC JWiitfll, tape kev«f for C^ t>:.

APR 75. SBd (A^alky fof ?M, 2M ^^nmng svoihasis^er , fl3 rnH toroi.d irtid, B function. repeater coritroHer. nkad bsiterv precautions, T^22C pruannp. te-tachDne attachment rega, Qu»d# to 2[Vt Hand hf] Id Tra<iiceiiv6rs, 2JVI 7 -el bearti. tnuc leltphonf} *¥Si*m5 (part l), lO mifl PD tim&r, modified hf Huatter fnohile anl for 2M, 1 5M quad nrrodifiBd for SDM, ^M colttneef bepm, R 11A surplus r>f cortvcrs-iofi, 6/16 wau* 2M'ani, HalJIeraf ters SX M\ rx. mods, iGOMcw tx.

AUG 7S. 146/432 Mhj Helical ants Cpiurt 2i, 10 min ID timer^ dtgi swr coTTiputer ipart If, (debugging H feedback, DVM byer's guide. Wk State I lite mon^lOr^ cmo* "atcu kev«r." pc bPard

method. ■sweeprMtjc final precaurions, compan multrband dtpoltis, small digital clock^ ^cce^iSOry vfo for hf transceivar, modem no r> Morse coi^es, multt-functjon geni, 2M starininfl synthetize* etfara, KP-202 walkv charger. lOM mviUi alemEm tjoam.

SEPT 75. Calculating freq counter. Wx s^teMite FAX systeTTV (pait 1), IC rnilhvoltrneter, three- bMttort TT H:(ei;od#*', iroubieghootirig «Ti,f pis, 401^ dx ants, 14&/432 MHz hfiltcAl ants (con- clusion). dJgi Si'wr rompLfter (c or^c k*s i Ort ] , reect relay for Cv^ ■frk-ln, .hlES55 ppesat tiimer, power- fattur* alarm, pOTtable f^r^p rig poyv^r unit, precisiion 10 vdc feference startdard, 135 kHz if strip, telephone handsets with tm tragic a Ivors,

TKere's little to get stale in back issues of 73 {our magazine is not padded . . Jike others . . . with reams of activity reports), you or *'giftee" have a fantastic time reading tliem. Most of the articles are still exciting to read • , . and old editorials are even more fun for most of the dire predictions by Green have now come to pass* Incentive licensing was every bit the debacle he pre- dicted , . . and more, You1l really get a kick out of the back issues.

Motorola ( 44 Ik mod lor ATV. 0-SO

synthe^i-^er (part 10, Karrt rad-io ffIL

MHJ

Srnin P4>m«T SuppivV HiMAi ID U-Hi Sun^u^ Pi^ti^

OCT 7S. A deluxe TTY keyboard (part 1), Op Amps: a basic primer, an introcf uttipn to microprocessors, 2m SyrithesJzer fcondu sJon)„ Satellite Fax System (conclusion), regulated tupplifis (dispelling the mysterv). Digital Logic made sirFiple. I^CC iniervieiNj. a contest uP svstem, digital dock tims bAs^ii. the operating desk, QFiP 432, ham PR.

NOV DEC 7S. 6 lock buster double issue?

FllptJops exposed r breakthrough in fsst lean ATV, strobing displays is cool, the turned lunch box (antenna tuner tor HF transCfiiveriK a deluxe TTY keyboard (part 2}. the 127' rotating rriafit, less than SI 00 multi-purpose scope tor your shack (ipart 1)^ predEcting third order intermod. faadllna fifimBr, QRMfng The Third Reich,, why tubes hayen't died, instant circuits - build your own IC t<ist rig, thfl <20AW synthesiser PROM-otad, a hand's jntro to microproces- sing, Ground Fault Intfirrupisf (a k«ep alive circuit for yourself), a $1 strip chart re- corder, an aviark simptsr clock osc., the Fun City surplus scene, updating tHe Haath IB -11 01 counter^ 23& pagesi

APH 7-B, ai»i;isl t-fA (Siue - A fVogi S^'"^* i^p , Pin ThBI AW Rty

BUitt*!, TH V^mJ *^.n^l(H, A VtirHnil'9 TTV CiMwri^ro*, 7fte if LL - Ekjiil *^i 1 ^\-2^ Trpij CompuUtrs Atw H«i\miom\y 6jhifi-Ib.

jA<y te. C\a;kt - HenHv Srmpdf jtrl. De^^in ^our Hfim— M, An A^[0f^B1lU D'l^ilBr fQ' l>ia Onlujii hlb-^- %^l '^''^H '^"'^ N-bzads la Lifi, Tt*E Coi^p^tta* QSO Mg<--i- f^lj *.,.fVOri!c| CounTCr. Sjw

Kevbnnfd. Imprtv* f| V^^^' ^'^ ^'''^ F F| ftM ER . an 0 more Thn

FtTs.t 73 lirt rwk

\^L} llllc'udB* l-9TSrlnd6MO jJ'Jk

fi.3 t^, iSuil^ 0 SstarNsgl (^amiruiucaitir - Ttelck'ies S1^el:ib^. 5"ifin1iW!Hied rC f rK?uf n^r^^ Sjtundinct, Vou C»n Makir Photo fC Boards. Huw'r 'Vnur Sp^mih Quahllr?, MCH H'^ Ef9i.>rtnt Ci^runrtw.. PTTY ALimcall Hw Digital Wif . IfflP^^vtnq lUe FT-lOT, hJighr tt'/i.it^U on 'to nnri 1°Hn^ R«jl1v S,aup Up Your 3in f^BoAfunr, Fut YcKji SB-l^Dn <60m

HAH 7a. SdvCrah Surn^^u!

SuFul^ji Circuit B^kirrl'

A PC Board Saridi

- A !Jkw Tvi« d ■*■''. r~r :ii-er.

[s h M^Gnnc?, Stereo Build Tlita Excitinif Nkw* TVT. T*ie

MAY 76. Sptwfcal Artimrta Isssue - The Megnatiosni Sewn* Mncro- <ith>i. A/i AJIbuuLl tnvat|*ii VflS, ClO«(f Li!»p Anwnna TMflin^, Tht T5-aOm llioad&sfldtif, Th* Mfleieof shAmchmatmr, How to Cu»k YotJi A*.'ii9'nrTi(i, 40rri C^X^c\q — tZrf^ &rv-lp, Thn Sie-crei 1^ t^citiil« Ani^nng, An In-isrtad ^«n Fnr 1iSO^190?ii, Thii Dip<»lii Danqler, Amat'lil.i* V^AjPtiRf 3liiC9('l il/fe Ri!C£pciC]n. Scan Yp^ir HP:^t2. A Vr.rt Cheau l.'V3 - Ihff WOdHi IS, C«it Cnnwersnir LUinf PiRGMs. A Nitl^ C3jitut-Cismj3<,n*> SvEtBin, Th« Inj and Owe.^ o' TTL. IJuitd 9 CW Mamorv. t.'a Wave foiwfli fOf Voiir HT, S&6 Timef St^vsup^ Clrcun \or SStV, -AM 41- Nut Dv^al — li Mi«r ELitiatgdi ai All, Cornpuia' Lv1f|uii||ei. ^ SirfipliF wd.

JUM TE. V>ir SpDciul - SulHT COR - Diu'liri dF. Ciiwit'., ^c^u^:h[□^ne DBExdcr Uiin^ b Culculalur naadDUl, SilTipF4 AiTiai«ur TV T^f ncxTnti-ar, AmiiEiJr TV flacEiving Sysccn, Mnb^it AutCidinilbrr. ALitnnal! '1^ Ujinq a TnuchtDHE PtKudec.. Busld Tikis Lati Tvpe U'ricl^ — irtd MeaiuTB Jwaniivtmar Inv^armt, llkiw Than TMEinglB Thlnp W^rJt — ■, SoHl of Op Airp ltDndtx»k, ThnsE gxCillng Marnprv Oilpi - RAhAs, ROM?, 1>HClMs, i"c.,'aSCIU &tiUdO[ ftith a PP-OM — tor RiWonleis RTTY pn Ciiim^ip'S., Aim voui B^jiTi Pig^T - Vi'<\h a Pr ogrammtvWf Cflkutm(w.

Jul 76i PerPaet CM — Df*w '«n C^r^ wth thns K«vcpn>r i^ Thfl Minj-WiCB A1Hjai:iJ QftP fti[J - A iA^^^f i WflllS, A Fur Cflynier Pr&jflCt - Urtttal $5*1. &wHd ft -Pa.)! trpm Scfstch — Thgn Oct SaltflFlHi PmiUlflttiml Othsf T*i in^ij Ofl I FLip«5 rsirns ic-gr - Rupspwf Cortifo! wliih ID. Thd CiflHT NjkI? Clock, Cmssiwi SSTV ft-opTtm inipiB, CW Kaq»ir*rsio^fl»r(K«(sflr, WhRl'i Up <w IMS MHjT, TT Pjid for the WitKKi HT, Pcnwi 4»WsplY Tnfl.mB - Tn Sa(^, Ytjur Digiin! CircuMl, A R TT V/Comptf 1^ OLipLjy Unitt. Vijur Csrrpuinf Can T^ilk \Acy^ia, G*in (nr Ymjr HT - m Hintf VWave Whip, The Super Tri)nsmisr(ii , Simpb? VHF U^jiritnr,

AUG 7%. How Dti Ydu Uht IC*? - Fl>n(&rntm«H. SurfifislirpB Miiiiature L<yH Bind Afltaniia - ih* CKIFCH jPjrl I), WiNF-MOS - thrii Btrt Kaffir Vai?. Tha Stiflfiini's OeiigUi flraaatKM^fl - Chiwp Imi^aiiPn b-f 4 Ctk^mar-cid PC DIf ^oaid, Moirg PLL iMaglc, Th« Logic QnkbLjH - StiMtvd iPcarvHl LDQ>c T''ei:«i, GrotKl CfficUlstltrra ■fpr Itva DJiiir - Using a Hand CaiUulaTOl, Ins-ifirH Coi»ni# Calfhir&ltfjn Using Ynu-- TV S«t. Simjllfi ■IM MH2 R:<i - G<j ATV WjEh 9 $43.^ UpduiR, The Firit Cornp--jfef idlontrulled H-am 5l^k>n -■■ Cmnd Puw Winn«j, The Whirfi Chip Dilanima' - ^.B. 17, fl* Ifi biif: FfOS 3"^ (;cu>$.i Mn^iiin^ful Conwf riuiiDns wiilh ynur Cnrtli^feEf — VUhat A'll T4tcH9 M^sFRraoij; UpnguEipH Aia All About, A B:audpt ManiCDf/Ecl^tO'i Eyiiqin^ A Lf^ic Pr^^lx Vgu Cska Henr, Sacoliil* OrtjiT PfedtWirif - UtrniB -a Pockai CslculBtor, F^K with tt^t Sfl4D1. Eu-ild [tiB S#t^^i RTTY Turrnnrnik El (3i?ip<! Signp) llbctr - Ten GaiJi roi (hft r.!i*atJ«K9if«!

SEP ?6, Tli« SgiT5iiii«!.5 OOPR Loirt M*i» Afltanna fpsrt III-, UHraiJ iflpi-B PflDuJfliion with r^w EC - fn-wst Suppiv 0*11130 Grjf«!lv Siiiiplili^d, t»H »ti IrvdOQ' A<H*3t«b Wurk - Malunn the Best OuE af B Bad SoT^Jh. Ir<«yplm^^^ 1? VoIli For Vquf Bbie Sr^ityn, j^ Tew Lab B«r»fif4 - ^Mm * trantitcof Radia, Protwit Vnui VHF Ci5m*ri*r - Noitl Anisona Relay, RldiLuknAJv BimpM RTTY Sv^t^m, Haw (o CaUch a CBVr. A 4SCi MHr TrajMceivflT Ipf l,Jh^ S13a, Space A^ Junquv J I. PROM Mffnorv REvhiTi^f. E](^( Tr«ts -Scope Ad^pCE-f, TluE PRQM Zappnr. S^icdkv eaijflcf — Wiltl an A&CI1 KBV'J^iinJl. Simplq- <Sjp|.jhj(;s Tf-Tnrinpi - L4lnB lU^P'U*. C-t^^nitfj Br« M-!>l Mtjgic — TJhiv'fv $unpl4.

Oct ?5. Build a Waifd 7 Baitl iw^bine Atirmns. BvHd a Countei r« Y&tjr ft«*>i«r,. Hew ctoVo-j -use tCt? <p»fi II J, QftP f-un on 40 &<td 90 - H«» » pflHi tftld vn\^ Jun & Wnns, Thi! Hvli*-ld QsiBd - Low V«jn(1liMd, fapflfisa, Hissi*^ FrsquaJtiCV PsTBGIor f Di' Yoy' Cour*iill', Proysri^rwWs CW iO Unis - for RTTV, H^paatBfl, Mobile. ?!<;., Kdewi iCs- ftw th? Cpun^pr Cutiunc - SsmpJnr Cr-utntR-v-f -*fJi:h Uf« Usfd Pnwer, lj My Riq W-prk^ng or tMo^7 - Build <m EK-bcii^ Ffadiulcd FiEFri MiSt«r nnd KnainL Oiji^kiE- CEiNlikeiirs *^j 1 E nnd 1(}

- a StitFtlaEJltan Gii^rarilbed, Bu^iUJ a Super Sbihrkdrd - Goetl^ighl O0*w11 10- 1 H?, Tii^ |ii-i;radiSS»B LSfsiti-ife Di<Kfc„ H^JCltanitil RTTY Bulls-, Hiuf Vliu u*ed a Thiac Y^tr. How to ini«i<iL* ^ Cicnit cn-ip

- BiiKlotj BCD, tsr ASCII ttnirti'tiffn, A TTL T«*[«r - Ijibsi liv OrniLgrk^ l!a^R4in tCl, Th^i lUf^ H^pn Prfjaremmijr - Molctng Ttijjw CpnloibndBd uP$ Wcii'K. &A$lC^ Mh^tf Thnf^ - it>« l^^i» o' BA^^aC, The S^li Art erf P^ogramm ir^ £pnr1 II.

way ?*r Blwkbuitnr see p^ luunl &;rriln*{ Ifpn Ttn, Bl'cvetfl Mobiia, Biiilfl a .E^npin md V.opii Cour L«jr TIiba iTO', G»t an Si»e thjih S^rpEM. - Tti« £' Chifwio RT-TO c^ ^ Mbi^-ts', Tli* BRafti Sa^i — PoEO* Wimorv Svatifii', UKSat«f URi^e«fll Ftsoiiwicy GftietaiiiX', Tft* ShJii Poektr Tniid"ori», Luijunl Dfvitil tJiiplgy <iui(*s, Ssl f-if Dwei «l Vii*-? Pfwnni!>, Tti« Wl^d Couni*i, Ths SiB i:i iVii[ CJen*li:, tha AiiTiMin^ muerffld L - Afttan^a for 20, h*0, attd BOflv, BarifrV Csu^rgers £-.ip0Sfi<l, Ho^v OO You U« JCs I^K^rl mi. thil IV ^*uHOf l-t*!^ fttl'Y, Sig IWoMff Piffgl* A3B(m, DwPJ^ tJltitCbl Dw( Da^iiHJdr, WiaaEhai' Sa(dllir« PtpLay coi^rroL Ha^ Tim^-ShAn^a Is Her* Fdr You!,. Tlie Sefi AHoF ffoOfaiTpmiftg tpsfi UK OSCAR CHtiiti cm YilEif A^Uifj ASCIl/BflildOl donvflTtSr Fdr Vtiur TVT,t?iff Smnkv Tbhit - Ptyfxr SiV^Fv Ttiito-, THe Man UVhci Im^vntBd AC — - Tul.a, rhn Grnsinss Pioneer o< Tho^ AFll. B-Dudot t^ AS^IJ Ycii Warn \Tf LH.3rn Progra^nminy?^ Baudot vid BASIC - an |nifeTpr«n:Rf +01 U &)UCfcni CofniMj-tw. Towitjxd 9 Mo.^'-n PnrftKr TfHiirhscunfl D«t.-Addr, Ujiina H n^raiuf Bf-aadc»ntr, Tha QuimI StiV ~ AmsuHJi' Untrovpsn aB^v fii*i.!i in ih,9 U&l, Th« Beneihsoi' SldBtona Won iiOinnfl

- ApidiHow ID Do l[.

DEC 7B, Gu Tiiifis it>r Te« — Simple SuteniHiifJl? Ericocte^, rt*id't. SimptEit Fiiic Band R*:eHMr»?, Hii* Do. Yij^ Ui* iCs? IjMrt iVJ, A Supm- Cheapo CMV IDtr. Tht ZF Spaciftl Amenna, CtTtlOl CliKk^ tiuct^r. Sluing 11 G^cr, A' ^tlWi fo>m(Krtflr, What'& All Thi^ LSf' Bunt? ' 9Ty Oscrrch's Ev« View of tha MibrOproriitOr. Th* S<iFt Art a\ ProErsmming Lpnrt lllf. P'ul Enap inid V4jup SSTV P-fturii - h^infi R $20 Frflpicnirr ScarHlDrEi, Whal'i all ThTi Wtte-V^up SCLiFFf

- Talk Abnut C^ld Solder ioiii^ij . ETpiodirtQ thii Pi^nwi VV<h. ExpKXIinQ ilie S^R Mvt^i-, Tide IQ-2? W^lkia - run^ili^tio^ wrtfl- Nii:»<:li,, hUalffi DX wilti aSpBctrLrri AinmJV'^b'. DKinti vfilh a W«Mher

MOt ID-AY re. &S' qrtK:le iisupi An Ineii pe^5ivI^ 400 Wa;tl H^ jtmD|aFi«, HdHAi Do V<iu U» lCs?'i|pDrt VI. Mobik S-tlokBV DfltBCEcv

- IO.S <iHi- kKft h -nr l,flai ItL Add. RIT »o Ydlsf TranMei^r, PSpeditiOii ^'l^ffl<J*^•t tOI i Lffminvn H-cllcctl-wis ol HKITL, tlmr^n Vour Own flPP D%i«»mY LrO?"^, Faiils^fM Siuper Chargnr FirtUtI i-<'a I* IWJ', Tha^ Arivfi-jurvs IQ" A-ficinn^ Ifi-r l-EOm, Ftepljcing ifia K.ifti'la Slwiich - -Simp* TH Sysr*™' for ma Nnwrnn. hiow Yau C*r SiitniheaiM - tn* VH|^ EpstiWing Appro«;h rp Sm Happina^ii. HdffchmKMfi 's RCnoed^f — .'me -Cnirpiftsi CW Mfc»chHia. TJin ModiSciuKl Doei iha PocKst ScanrtflT - RhIIq Shsck <Vo-4 Updait, TR'27 Mgf{ Sqitfld^ WiBi Cdfflpuien Can ai^d Cki't Do, A Htam Sfimn FH|

HaiKllar - Prntt-Sm in BftSIC Ifr d5L4, ReOfiBTflrS, «!*„ Pc'ifi [ Yoyr Oirm Lagbook - On Your WfiarftSI DfiiTiputet. &*»ing Your MT^ CHh In aa )hf CB 4niEaM.it iuh Fi)r Fun andPioFil. T-unino tno« Big Antanna Cpils. The 3^ Mod Squad Tskle^ IIHd WaaiTi«ii Rddid ' ^nd Wvul, H^fTunirif tstf j-aser. A aQ ^E>i>t Antenna on a iO I^PCit' Levi — SD<vir>g B 4Clm KriuicB problim, D-Ual Voltz^e Puwer SupplVr An AuTiripBTrh BiKsy Sigpnl. Inci^ ifn Eil-B • a GutiV Ltlnbk at a ^V^xhR^I Jif r , MaiM 10 iSusj. jn A^tnnuiEic Kevbt. A 4^ DupbEvtr — ThnrFiTiin Yn^^ Q»r , W il; Sihnr Z^nc RcpiacE the Ni^^d?

r

MAGAZINE CLASSICS

1

□ JUNE 63

□ AUG 63 a OCT 63 a FEB 64

□ may 67 njULY 67 DOCT 67 DJUNE 68

□ JULY 68

□ sept 6S

□ NOV ea

DJAN 69 DfEB 69 DMAR 69 n APR 69 □may 69

□ JUNE 69

□ JULY 69

□ AUG 69

□ sept 69

nocT 69

□ NOV 69

a DEC 69

□ JAN 70

□ FEB 70

□ mar 70

□ APR 70

□ MAY 70

□ JUNE 70

□ DEC 70

□ JAN 71

□ FEB 71 DMAR 71

□ may 71

□ JUNE 71 DJULY 71 DaUG 71 nSEPT 71

□ OCT 71

□ NOV 71

□ AUG 72

□ SEPT 72

□ OCT 72 DnOV 72

□ dec 72 a JAN 7 3 □APR 73

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• NOVICE STUDY GUIDE - Here is a completely new study guide and reference book for the potential ham* This is not a quest ion /answer memorization coui"se. Electronic and radio fundamentals are presented and explained in an easy'to-understand fashion, preparing the beginner for the Novice exam, IncJudes the latest FCC amateur regulattonsr as wtll a& application forms. Easily the best path Into the excitmg world of ham radio! S4.95*

• GENERAL CLASS STUDY GUIDE - A complete theory course for the prospective GfirteraJ or Technician. This reference explains iransisior, amplifier, and general radio theory, while preparing the Novice for the "big" ticket. After getting your ticket, you'll use this guide again and again as an electronic reference source. Not a question/answer guide that becomes dated when the FCC updates the amateur exams. S5.95-

• ADVANCED CLASS STUDY GUIDE - Ready to upgrade your license? To prevent retaking the FCC theory exam, you need the 73 Advanced theory guide. SSB, antenna theory, transmitters, and electronic measuring techniques are covered in detail in this easy*iQ'follow study guide^ Special modes and techniques, such as RTTY, are also treated. An engineering degree is f^ot necessary to master Advanced theory — iry this book before visiting the examiner's office 1 $3.95.

• EXTRA CLASS LICENSE STUDY GUIDE — Before going for your 1x2 call, it pays to be a master of the Extra class electronic theory. This study guide ts the logical extension of the 73 theory course. All the theoiy necessary to pass the exam is presented. Antennas, transmission lines, swr are discussed, as weN as noise, propagation^ and specialized corn muni cat ion techniques. This book is not a classroom lecture or memorijaiion guide, but rather a logical presentation of the material that must be understood before attempting the Extra exam. Save yourself a return trip to the FCC and try Ehe 73 nr>ethod f irstt S5.95.

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6+ WPM This is the practice tape for the Novice and Tech^ nician licenses. It Is mada up of one solid hour of code, sent at the official FCC standard (no other tape vve'^/e heard uses these standards, so manv people fiunk the code when they are suddenly — under pressure — faced with charac- ters sent at 13 wpm and spaced lor 5 wpm). This tape is not memarizable, unlike the zany S wpm tape, since the code groups are entirely ran- dom characters sent in groups of five. Practice this one dur- ing lunch^ while in the car.

ONLY 4 for SIS. 951 73 is in the publishing business, not tapds^ so you ever seen one hour cassettes for under S6? For 1st class mat! add

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20+ WPM Code is what gets you when you go for the E>;tra Class license. It it so embarrassing to panjc out just because you didn't prepare yourself with this cape. Though this is only one word faster, the code groups are so difficult that you'fl akmost: fall asleep copying the FCC stuff by comparison. Users report that they can't believe how easy 20 per really Is with this fantastic one hour tape. No one who can copy these tapes can possibly fail the FCC test. Remove all fear of the code forever with these tapes.

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• WEATHER SATELLITE HANDBOOK Simpfe equipment and methods for getting good picture? from the weather satellite. Antennas, receivers, monitors, facsimile you can build, tracking, automatic contfol (vou don't even have to be home). Dr. Taggart WBBDQT $4.95.

NEW REPEATER ATLAS o1 the ENTJRE world, 150% as big as any list ever available — neariy 900 more repeaters listed. New impmv^ maps that show the location tjy frequency of every repeater in the States. Only $1,95.

• VHP ANTENNA HANDBOOK The NEW VHP Antenna Handbook details the theory, design and construction of hundreds of different VHF and UHF antennas ... A practical book written for the average amateur who takes joy »n bu tiding, not full of complex formulas for the design engineer. Packed with fabulous antenna projects you can build.

• THE CHALLENGE OF 160 is the newest book in the 73 technical (tbrary, dedicated to 160 meter operating. & Dunn provides alt necessary information to get started on this unique band. The a] I -important antenna and ground systems are described in detail. The introduction contains interesting photos of Stew Perry's (the King of 160) shack. This reference is a must for new and experienced "Top Band" operators. Price: S4.95.

• COAX HANDBOOK The world's only handbook devoted exdusively to coax, feedlines and connectors. Special price only $1 .50«

• VOL, I COMPONENT TESTERS . . , how to build transistor testers (8K diode testers (3), 10 testers (31, voltmeters and VTVMs (91, ohmmeters {8 different kinds), inductance (3), capacity {9), Q measurement, crystal checking (61, temperature f2}, aural meters for the blind (3) and aM sorts of miscellaneous data on meters . . . using them, making them more versatile, making standards. Invaluable book« $4,95.

• VOL. II AUDIO FREQUENCY TESTERS . , . jam packed full of all kinds of audio frequency test equipment, if you're into SSB, RTTY, SSTV, etc*, this book is a must for you ... a good book for hi-fi addicts and experimenters tool $4.95.

• VOL. Ill RADIO FREQUENCY TESTERS Radio frequency waves, the common denominator of Amateur Radio. Such items as SWR, antenna impedance, line impedance, rf output and field strength; detailed instructions on testing these items includes sections on signal generators, crystal calibrators, grid dip oscillators, noise generators, dummy loads and much more- $4.95-

• THE NEW RTTY HANDBOOK is a brand new 1977 editron and the only up-to-date RTTY book available. The state of the art has been changing radically and has made all previous RTTY books obsolete. It has the latest circuits, great for the newcomer and the expert alike . . . Only $5.95.

• 73 VERTtCAL, BEAM AND TRIANGLE ANTENNAS by Edward M, Noll W3FQJ Describes 73 different antennas for amateurs. Each design is the result of the author's own experiments: each has actually been built and air-tested. Includes appendices covering the construction of noise bridges and antenna line tuners, as wetf as methods for measuring resonant frequency, velocity factor, and standing-wave ratios. 160 pages. $5.50.

• IC OP-AMP COOKBOOK by Walter G. Jung. Covers not only the basic theory of the IC op amp in great detail, but also includes over 250 practical circuit applications, liberally illustrated. 592 pages, bVi x 8!^, softbound S12S5.

•73 DIPOLE AND LONG4/VIRE ANTENNAS by Edward M. Noll W3FQJ This is the first collection of virtually every type of wire antenna used by amateurs. Includes dimensions, configurations, and detaited construction data for 73 different antenna types. Appendic^ describe the construction of noise bridges^ line tuners, and data on measuri^^g resonant frequency, velocity factor, and swr. 160 pages. $5.50.

• RF AND DIGITAL TEST EQUIPMENT YOU CAN BUILD Rf burst, function, square wave generators, variable length pulse generators — 100 kHz marker, i-f and rf sweep generators, audio osc, af/rf signal injector, 146 MHz synthesizer, digital readouts for counter?, several counters, prescaler. microwave meter, etc. 252 pages. $5.95.

• SSTV HAND&OOK This excellent book tells all about rt, from its history and b3si<^ to the present state of the art techniques. Contains chapters on circuits, monitors, cameras, color SSTV, test equipment and much rrx>re* Hardbound S7, softbound S5,

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• RTL COOKBOOK by Donald Lancaster. Explains the how and wtiy of RTL (Resistor-Transistor Logic) and gives design information that can be put to practical use. Gives a nnultitude of digital applications ranging from the basic switch to the sophisticated counter, 240 pages; S^A k S%: softbound. $5.50.

• TTL COOKBOOK by Donald Lancaster. Explains what TTL is, how it works, and how to use it, Disciiss«s practical applications, such as a digital counter and display system, tvents counter^ electronic stopwatch, digital voltmeter, and a digital tachofneter. 33€ pages; 5!^ x8%; softbound. $8S5.

• TVT COOKBOOK bv Donald Lancaster, Describes the use of a standard televisioo receiver as a nrilcroprocessor CRTterminaL Explains and describes charactef generation, cursor control and interface information in typical, easy 'to ^understand Lancaster style. This book is a required text for both the microcomputer enthusiast and the amateur RTTY operator who desires a quiet alternative to noisy teletype machines. $8*95.

• FASCINATING WORLD OF RADIO COMMUNICATION Interesting stories in the history of radio pioneering and discovery. Also includes the fundamentals of broadcast band DXIng. A must for every radio amateur, $3,95.

• PRACTICAL TEST INSTRUMENTS YOU CAN BUILD 37 simple test insirumenis you can make — covers VOMs, VTVMs, semiconductor testing units, dip meters, wattmeters, and just about jny thing eJse you might need around the test lab and ham shack. S4.95.

• 1001 PRACTICAL ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS Tabs new 1001 circuits is available for only $9.95 ppd. The next lime you want a circuit lor just about anything, eat your heart out that you didn't send for this book the first time you read about it. You'd better order the book right away, before they run out. S9.95,

• HOW TO MAKE BETTER QSLs Se proud of your QSL Cirds .,, have a card which gets from space on every hamshack wall . . , win prizes at hamfests. The only way to have a truly outst and irvg card is to make it yourself > . . which is easy when you have this new book. S2.00.

• WHAT TO DO AFTER YOU H!T RETURN PCC's first book of computer gamef , , . AS different computer games you can play in BASIC ... progranu, descriptions, muchly illustrated* Lunar Landing, Hammurabi, King, Civil 2, Qubic 5, Taxman, Star Trek, Crash, Market, etc. $6.95.

• 101 GAMES IN BASIC Okay, so once you get your computer up and running in BASIC, then what? Then you need some programs in BASIC, that's what. This book has 101 games for you, from very simple to real buggers. You get the games, a description of the games, the listing to put in your computer and a sample run to show you how they work. Fun, Any one game will be worth more than the price of the book for the fun you and your family will have with it. $7.B0.

• BASIC by Bob Albrecht, etc. Self- teaching guide to the computer language you will need to know for use with your microcomputer. 324 pages. This is one of the easiest ways to learn computer programming. $4.95.

•THE UNDERGROUND BUYING GUIDE Here is a handy guide for the electronics enthusiast* Over 600 sources of equipment and literature are provided; some are mail-ordBr^only outfits that do not advertise* Sources are listed atphsbetically, by service or product, and by state. The guide Is cross-referenced for ease of use. Electronic publishing houses are also listed. Puyished by PMS Publishing Co., $5.95 each.

WHAT TO DO

AFTER YOU Hrr

RETURN

RCC » »^-

Ouqin^

* J^fc.

• AN INTRODUCTION TO MICROCOMPUTERS, VOLS* 1 AND 2 At last I Someone has finally written a book containing hardware details about most of the popular micro chips available to compuierists. Art introduction to Microcom- puters, Volumes 1 and 2, by Adam Osborne Associates, are references dealing with microcomputer architecture in general and specifically with details about most of the common chips. These books are not software-oriented, but are invaluable for the hobbyist who is Into building his ov^n interfaces and processors, Volume 1 is dedicated to general hardware theory related to micros, and Volunie 2 discusses the practical details of each micro chip. (Detailed review in Kilobaud #2 J Published by Osborne Associates, VoL I - $7.50; VoL II - $12.50.

• 8080 PROGRAMMING FOR LOGIC DESIGN Here is an ideal reference for the person desiring an in-depth understanding of the SOSO processor. Tlie work is applicationHDriented, and the 8080 is discussed in Nght of replacing! conventional, hard'Wired logic systems. Both hardvuare and software is described* Practical design considerations are provided for the individual wishing to implement an 8030-based control system, (Detailed review in Kilobaud ^\ Published by OsborT>e Associates, $7.50.

• 6300 PROGRAMMING FOR LOGIC DESIGN Oriented toward the industrial user, this book describes the process by which con vent "to nai logic can be replaced by a 6800 microprocessor. Both hardware and software techniques bt% discussed, as well as interface information. This reference, and its companion dedicated to 8080 users, provide practical information that allows an experimenter to design a complete micro control system from the "ground up." An excellent reference! Published by Osborne Associates, $7,50.

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UKES WE'

MJCftOCOMPUTlfl

• BRAND NEW DICTIONARY This new microcomputer dictionary fills the urgent need for all computer people, engineers, scientists, industrialists, communications people — as professionals, amateurs, teachers, or students — to become quickly acquainted with the terminology and nomenclature of a new revolution in computer control capabilities in areas that pervade most of man's daily activities.

O^r 5000 definitions and eKplanations of terms and concepts (704 pages) relating to microprocessor, microcomputers and microoont rollers. There are also separate appendices oni programmablg calcutatdrs: math and statistics definitions; flowchart symbols and techniques; binary number systems and switching theory; symbol chans and tables; summaries of BASIC* FORTRAN arwi APL. In addition there is a oomprehen&i^^ electronics/computer abbreviations and acronyms section. $1SS5.

• COMPUT€R PROGRAMMING HANDBOOK by Peter Stark. A complete guide to computer programming and data proces$ing. Includes rrtany worked out examples and history of computers. $8S5,

• MY COMPUTER LIKES ME , . . WHEN I SPEAK BASIC An Introduction to BASIC - . . simple enough for vc>ur kids. If you want to teach BASIC to anyone quickly, this booklet is the way to go, $2.00,

• SCELBI'S GALAXY GAME FOR THE **§IR00*' Here's a new twist in oompyter games by Sceibi Computer Consulting and Robert Findley /Raymond Edwards. The game, "Galaxy/' pits the operator of a spaceship against alien craft, as well as such variables as speed, time, and ammunitkin. No two games afB the same! This game is described in Ga/ajr^ Game for the 6800^ publish^ by Sceibi Computer Consultirtg, Inc^ $14.95^

• 6S00 SOFTWARE GOURMET GUIDE 8t COOKBOOK K you have been spending too much time developing routines for your 6800 microprocessor, try the new book by Sceibi Computing and Robert Findley. This manual, 6800 Software Gourmet Guide snd Cook- book, describes sorting, searching, and many other routines for the 8080 user, S9.95.

• 8080 SOFTWARE GOURMET GUIDE AND COOKBOOK If you have been spending too much time dewloping simple routines for your 8080, try this new book by Sceibi Computing and Robert Findley.This manual, 8030 Software Gourmet Guide and Cook* book, describes sorting, searching, and marry other routines for the 8080 user. $9S5.

*CMOS COOKBOOK by Don Lancaster^ pub. Howard W. Sams Company. Another winner from Don Lancaster, author of the famous RTL and TTL Cookbooks, The CAfOS Cookbook details the application of CMOS, the low power logic family suitable for most applications presently dominated by TTL, The book follows the style of the original Cookbooks. Eight chapters cover all facets of CMOS togic, and the work is prefaced by 100 pages detailing the characteristics of most CMOS circuits. The CMOS Cookbook is re- quired reading for every serious digital experi- menter. $9S5«

• HOBBY COMPUTERS ARE HERE If you

(or a friend} want to come up to speed on how computers work ^ , . hardware and soft- luare . , . this is an excellent book. It starts with the fundamentals and explains the cir- cuits, the basics of programming, along with a couple TVT construction projects, ASCII- Baudot, etc. This book has the highest recom- n^ndations as a teaching aid for newcomers. $4S5.

• FUN WITH COMPUTERS AND BASIC by Donald O, Spencer^ contains an easy-tOHjnder' ^and explanation of the BASIC Programming Language and is intended for persons who have had no previous exposure to computer programming but want to loam BASIC quickly, easily, and inter est irigly. Over half the book is devoted to problems using garnes, puzzles, and nrtathematical recreations lyou don't need a math background to understand most of the problems in this book). A st^jerior book for self-teaching and learnir>g computer programming. S6.95.

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• THE STORY OF COMPUTERS by Donald

D, Spencer is to computer books what Dick and Jane is to novels , . . extrernely eiemeniary , gives the non^computerist a fair idea of what the hobbyist is talking about vyhen he speaks computer lingo. Attefnpts to explain what computers are and can do to a spouse, child or any un-electronics-mincted friend. $4 SB,

• SCELBI'S FIRST BOOK OF COMPUTER GAMES Need a game for your WQ8 or 8080 microprocessor? Try Scefbi^s First Book of Computer Games for tbe 8008/8080 which describes three popular games, "Space Cap- ture," "He3<pawn/' and "Hangman/' Com- plete flowcharts, logic descript ksn, program listing, and instructions are provided. A must for the game freak! Si 4.95.

• MICROCOMPUTER PRIMER by Mitchell Waite and Michael Pardee, pub. by Howard W. Sams Company. If you are afraid to get involi^d with microcomputers for fear of not understanding them> worry no longer! The Microcomputer Primer describes basic computer theory, explains numbering systems, and introduces the reader to the world of programming. This book does not elaborate on specific systerm or chips, but describes the world of micro computing in "real world" terminology. There is probably no bettor way of getting involved with the exciting new hobby of micro computing. $7,95,

• INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCES- SORS by Charles Rockwell of MICROLOG. Here is an ideal referents for the individual desiring to understand the hardware asfiects of microprocessor systems. This book des- cribes the hardware details of computer devices in terms the beginner can understand, instead of treating the micro chip as a ''black box." Addressing schemes, registers, control, and memory are all explained, and general information about hardware systems is pro- vided. Specific systems are not described and programming is only briefly discussed, intro* duct ion To Microf:>roce^ors is a hardware introduction , , . and a good one, $17.50 US arKf Canada, $20 elsewhere.

• THE NEW HOBBY COMPUTERS! This book takes it from where "Hobby Computers Are Here" leaves off, with ctiapters on Large Scale Integration, how to choose a micropro- c^ior chip, an introductran to programming, low cost I/O for a computer, computer arithnr>etic, checking memory boards^ a Baudot monitor /editor sy^em, an audible logic probe for finding those tough problems, B hem's computer^ a computer QSO machine , , , and much, much more! Everything of interest it there in one volume, ready to be enjoyed by yoa, $4^5.

• KILOBAUD The Small Computer Magazine written for the non-PhD computer hobbyist who warns to krx^w what's new. $2.00 each at the newsstand^ $15.00 for 1 year sub.

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• COMPUTER DICTIONARY by Donald D. Spericer. A compendium of computer terms fof beginners and pro f ess ion 3 fs alike. The Computer Dictiormry by Donald D. Spencer CJefines words and acronyms used by com- pyterists in a clear, easy to understand style. Over 2000 definitions are pfovkted. This reference is a must for the individual getting started in the world of microcomputers. The Compurer Dictionsry by Donald D. Spencer; published by Camdot Press, $5.95.

• CHEMISTRY WtTH A COMPUTER by Paul A. Cauchon, An exciting new chemistry book which contains a cDllectian of tutorial, simu- lation and problem-generation computer pro- grams. Tutorials provide individualization of assignment, immediate evaluation of responses and a new set of problems with each run. Simu tat tons provide modeis of lengthy laboratory experimentation beyond the limited classroom timeframe and enhance- ment of course studies by encouraging pre- laboratory research. Problem-generaUng pro- grams provide indi vidua Hied sets of questions on a given topic. Can be used with almost afly chemistry course at the high school or college l«wL All programs are written in BAStC^ the most popular and easy to learn educatton^L programming language. $9.95.

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• TYCHON'S 8080 OCTAL CODE CARD Slide rule-like aid for programming and debugging 80S0 software , . . contains all the mrwmonics and corresponding octal codes. Instructions are color coded to indicate which flags are affected during execution. Pocket sized card only 6yzx3 inches provides neat, logical format for quick reference. Back side of card is printed with an ASCII code chart for 128 characters plus the 8080 status word and register pair codes. Also available^ Tychon's 8080 Hex Code Card, same as above only has hex codes instead of octal. Only $3.00 each.

• 1976 PERIODICAL GUIDE FOR COM* PUTERISTS is a 20 page book which indexes over 1,000 personal computing aaides for the entire year of 1976 from Syte, Creative Computing, Digital Design^ Dr. Dobbs Journal, EOf^, Electronic Design, Etectfonics, Interface Age, Microtrek, Peoples Cornputer Company, Popular Electronics, QST^ Radio Electronics, SCCS interface and 73 Amateur Radio. Articles are indexed under more than 100 subject categories. Price $3j0Q. New January — June 1977 Editior^ — $3,00.

• A QUICK LOOK AT BASIC by Oonald D, Spencer. Hei% is a perfect reference for the

beginning programmer. A Quick Look at BASIC assumes that the reader has no pre- vious programming experience. This book is a seit-teaching guide for the individual desiring to learn the fundamentals of BASId the most common hobbyist programming language. Price; S4,95

FEKlODfCAl GUIDE

DICAL

FOR COMPUTEEISTS

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1977

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1976

FORTRAN Programming

FORTRAN Workbook

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• SIXTY C H A L L ENG I NG PROBL EMS WITH BASIC SOLUTIONS Donald Spencer, This book provides the serious student of BASIC programming with sixty interesttng problems atKi their solutiorts. None of the problems require a knowledge of math above

algebra and should interest the casual user of BAStC on hobby machines, A number of game programs are also provided, as well as programs tor financial interest, conversions and numeric mantpuiations. Price: $6.95

• SOME COMMON BASIC PROGRAMS pub- lished by Adam Osborne & Assoc iates, Inc, Pflrfect for non-technical computerjsts requir- ing re&dy-to-use programs. Business programs like depreciation forrnulias, loan payrnent ftolutions and loan interest rates; math rou- tines containing statistical packages end poly- nomial derivations . . . plus miscellaneous programs. Most routines are short and some provide optional statements that can be Inierted into the code to slightly modify the results. Invaluable for the user who Is not an experienced prograrnmer. AH will operate in the itand-alone mode. $7.50 paperback,

• THE SECRET GUIDE TO COMPUTERS Parts 1, 2, and 3 by f^uss Walter. Part One dascrlbes compHiters in general, and after reading for ten minutes you will be writing simple BASIC programs! The reference employs a step-by-step teaching process, the end result being a working knowledge of BASIC. Part Two discusses computer applica- tions. It's one thing to master the syntax of a language such as BASIC and another to solve problems using the new took This also pro- vides useful technique in problem solving. The reference follows the light-hearted style of the first section. Part Three describes programming languages. Ever heard of APL and QLISP? BASIC is not the only language used to program computers, and as the hobby industry grows additional languages will become commonplace* Get in on the secret now - with THE SECRET GUIDE TO COMPUTERS. Published by Russ Walker, ?th edition. Part I - $1.75; Part II -- $2.50; Part 111- $3.50.

• FORTRAN PROGRAMMING By Donald Spencer. If you are familiar with BASIC you will appreciate the additional capabilities of FORTRAN, a computer language with most of BASIC'S features, and much more! FOR- TRAN was designed for complest numeric calculations; and possesses extended I/O capa- bility. It is easily learned, as it is an English- like computer language. FORTRAN PBO-

f RAM MING IS written for the beginning ORTRAN programnner. His reference, in conjunction with the FORTRAN WORK* BOOK, provides the student of computer languages with an easy method of mastering FORTRAN. Basic rules of syntax are dis- cussed, as well as the use of *'butlt-in" functions and I/O procedures S7.50*

• FORTRAN WORKBOOK By Donald Spencer. Provides practical ep^amples and probtems to solve. Flowcharting, necessary for most programming applications, is also discussed. Almost all micros suppon BASIC — it won't be long before FORTRAN is com- monplace. Don't miss the programming boat . . . learn FORTRAN; and be ready for the next language boom! $3.95*

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or itemize your order on a separate piece of paper Si mail to;

73 Radio Bookshop • Peterborough MH 03458. Be sure to include check or detailed credit card informstfon*

Nate: Prices subject to change without notice on books not published bv 73 Magazine.

71

"1 r

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wmm^/mmLii

If you order before 1978* any single J^ tape will be $3.95, and any set of 4, $13.95-

Cai/ our toff free number, 800-258-5473,

NOW!

Have your credit card # handy

Sorry, no C.O.D/s

/"

*U.S. orders only. Offer ends Dec, 31, 1977

If you order early enough we'll do everything we can to ship before Christmas,

Dept. Y,E,S, 73 Magazine • Peterborough NH 03458

257

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CUSTOM TRANSFORMERS

u

'I

HEAVY DUTY REPLACEMENT TRANSFORMERS'

Colling 30S-1 Plate Trgn6fe>rin«r j^ i , S165.00

Cdllrii^ SieF 2 Pdwor Tr^ntfarmfif , 95.0P

Hunter 2000S Plate Tfonsftj^trmr - 12^.00

ETO A-770 PIdta Traruforrner ...,,, v. ^ » r ^ t .. - . 12&r00

Hpfiiv 2K Platff TrsiWiformer , , - , i *Q-QQ

H&nrv 2K-2 Pl#te Tran^Jorniar ,, ^., ,^ ,,,..... 165,00

Hemry 2K-2A Pfale Transtornwr .-..-,.,....,.*♦,*** » 135^00

Henry 2K-4 Plate TranEformer * . ..,**,.,, n ,,, ^ .+♦,, , 1^65,00

Hftnrv 3K A Plate Transfarnlflr . 166.00

Heath Mai'aLid.tfr HX 10 TtaflfifomutT , + ,^, S^DO

Gonset GS8-1 00 Traniformer ***.*.,,... . V * ^ , . 95.00

Natiarial hfCL 2QQ0 Pavmt Tranaformar , , 1 2^,00

GortSoi GSB-201 Rawer TrafTsformBr ,....--. , , 135.00

SPECIALS

SI 96-00 125.00 . 95.00

tas.oo

, £9.95 . . S.OB tSO.OD 100.00

Plate XFMR. 4B00 VAC @ 1.5A ICAS 230 VAC 60 Hi priinary. Wl. 60 LB PIffte KFMR. 3500 VAC ^ 1 ,0A ICAS 230 VAC 60 Hz pnnarv, Wt. 41 La Plata XFMR. 3O00 VAC © 0.7A (GAS 115/230 VAC 60 Hz pH. WVt, 27 LB Plate XPftrtR. 6000 VCT & O.SA CCS 1 IS/530 VAC 60 Hi prl, Wl, 41 LB

FIL XfVAH. 7.S VCT @ 2m CCS 117 VAC 60 Hi prtrrnrv Wt B LB

FIL Chokfl bifil^r wound 30 AMP RF Filament Ch^ka on 1/2x7 rod ....

DC Filter Choke fi,0 Hy @ 1.5 ADO ^.r. ... ... .m .*«.......

DC SwinginQ ChaksL 3D Hy @ 0.1 5 A to ^.0 Hy >& 1.0ADC /...._.

DC Filter eapacitor^ tOO MFD @400D VDC $7e.0Q

*-AU heMtfy duty repiaeement transformer^ are electrica.Uy super- ior to original equipment (s). Alt transformers ar€ manufactured to rigid commercial quality specifications and etteh carrieB a 24 month guarantee!

Write today for a free quotation on any transformer, Choke, or saturable reactor.

Peter W. Dahl Co.

4007 Fort Blvd- - El Paso, Texas 79930 Telephone (915) 566-5365 or (915) 751^856

06

#^j^*j#*rf*j^j^»*»*4»j^#^jN»>#^^^^^^^^jj^<^jj^fs^^^fyf^^^f>#^jsr#»##<

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A = Next higher frequency may also be useful

B = Difficult circuit this period

F = Fair

FG = Fair to Good

P = Poor

1977 DECEMBER

1977

SUN

MON

TUE

WED

THU

mi

SAT

C

f

1 F

2

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5

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258

YAESU PROUDLY ANNOUNCES THE SENSATIONAL

SMART

NEWf^ FT-901D- YEARS AHEAD WTTH YAESUI

Carrier level control Cathode current, relative

Keyer ON-OFF and speed power output, ALC level

VOX gain control and PTT/Manuaf Tnnsmitter activation switdi

VFO tuning knob q^, ^ , TuneSwitcti

** Retyrns transmitter to receive mode Transmitter After 10 seconds of tune

readout / Plate Tuning

Variable audio filter

Mic garn

Squelch for FM

(optronal)

Audio peak freq. SJdetone Monitor

Automatic mic gain control

Mode Switch

LSa/USB/FSK/AM

(FM optronal)

Tuneable refection swltcti

IF Rejection Frequency Control

IF Pass Bandwidth Control

(100 H? to 2.4 KHz)

Frequency Recall TX

Frequency Recall RX

External Synthesized VFO

\

Frequency memory swftch

Band Switch leO-lOM Coverage

Clarrfier for transmitter

Transmitter loading

RF processor

RF processor level Receiver audio gain

Receiver front end Anenuator switch

Receiver RF gain Clanfier control

Clarifler for receiver

Two rugged 6146B*s in the final, with negative feedback ■ A variable IF bandwidth that allows 100 Hz to 2.4 KHz selectivity at the turn of a knob ■ IF rejection tuning to notch out interfering signals ■ Optional synthesized VFO, or enlarged frequency memory bank ■ Selectable AGO ■ Built in speech processor ■ Built in Curtis Keyer ■ Full range 160-10M coverage ■ Provision for new WARC frequencies ■ Meets Part 97.73 of FCC requirements. . . . at your dealers soon!

Design And Specifications Subject To Change Without Notice Or Obligation

0.

TAESU

V

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The smart radio

YAESU ELECTRONICS CORP., 1S9S4 Downey Ave., Paramount, CA 90723 (213) 633 4007 YAESU ELECTRONICS CORP., Eastern Service Ctr., 613 Redna Ter., Cincinnati, OH 45215

1A78

AI\ID DG-5 DIGITAL FREQUEI\ICY DISPLAY

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BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF THE WORLD FAMOUS TS-520 ECONOMY TRANSCEIVER THE

SAME SUPERB PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY... EVEN GREATER VERSATILITY PLUS NEW FEATURES

(NCLUDING THE OPTIONAL DIGITAL FREQUENCY DISPLAY ...UNMATCHED COST PERFORMANCE

AN UNSURPASSED VALUE. ^^tMi"UHMANCE.

TRIO-KENWOOD COMMUNICATIONS INC. nil WEST WALNUT/COMPTON, CA 90221

KEIMAA/OOD

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