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ADVANCED AUTOPATCH "EATURES.,,

The 8200 incorporates many features ^hich are simply not available in any Dther product For example...

30 Phone Number Auto Dialer: The 3200 will store (in non-volatile memory) 30 phone numbers which can be dialed Afith abbreviated two digit key codes. The auto dialer is programmable over he air or with the built-in keyboard.

Last Number Redi^l; Redialing the last lumber called is reduced to a single jig it (plus access code),

Hookflash: Operates call waiting etc. Simply press * three times. Only CSI ^as it.

Call Progress Tone Detection: Busy signals and second dial tones are detected and cause automatic disconnect Ample time is allowed for dialing second dial tones when required.

Powerful Toll Protection: One to four digit sequences can be restrkited. For example, you could lock out 0, 1, 976 and 911. Additionally, digit counting lA/ill prevent dialing more than 10 digits. k separate 2 to 6 digit toll override :;ode allows making toll calls when desired. Re-arm is automatic.

Dial Access Remote Base: The 8200 ::an be accessed and controlled from any telephone. Call up and drop into :he system from your desk phone at unch hour!

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Qptional ANI access ^.cid^^y This option will allow up to 50 separate (remotely programmable) 1 to 6 digit access codes. A call can only be disconnected with the code that initiated the call. Thus eliminating sabotage disconnects.

AN ADVANCED REPEATER CONTROLLER...

The 8200 is a powerful repeater

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Menu style programming is accomplished with the built in keyboard and display. The user can select a 3 digit repeater up/down code, CW ID message, CW ID interval, hang time, activity timer time, and you can even select any Morse character as a courtesy beep!!

An optional plug-in CTCSS board converts the 8200 to private use. The incoming CTCSS Is filtered out and replaced with fully regenrated tone. 32 tones are dip switch selectable.

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Walkies!

Have you ever met a ham who didn't own a hand*heid transceiv- er? f doubt it. These radios, known as NTs, handle talkies, walkies, handhelds, squawk boxes, and goodness knows what else, are among the most popular play- things in the amateur radio hobby. They permit us to enjoy radio from any location. Thanks to repeaters (see below), a tiny walkie can provide communications over great distances, ranging from ten to several hundred miles! Above all. HTs are just plain fun.

Basics

Almost universally, walkies are FM rigs, with the clear, crisp audio associated with that form of modu- lation. They operate in the VHP and/or UHF bands, the 2 meter VHF band being the most popular. Their transmitters put out be- tween 1 and 5 watts of RF energy, which may not sound like much but is very effective for focal use, especiafly in conjunction wrth re- peaters.

The typical HT has digital memories which store frequen* cies and other operating parame- ters, making operation easy. It has a rechargeable battery good for a few hours of use after each charge. It comes with a "rubber duck/' which is a helically wound, rubber-encased, flexible antenna. It is fairly small, so you can clip it to your belt or even drop it in your pocket. It has a DTMF Touch-Tone™ pad which permits you to send tones over the air for telephone autopatch or other controJ applications. It may in- clude a subaudible tone or CTC- SS encoder, enabling access to repeaters which require it

Psst . , . Pass it On

The key to the HTs' popularity is the proliferation of repeaters, which are automated stations de- signed to receive the handholds' weak signals and retransmit them with much greater power. These stations, usually strategically lo- cated on a hill or tall tower, can often be heard up to 60 or more miles away. Due to their large, well-placed antennas, they can re- ceive signals from nearly as far. A small radio with a simplex (direct station-to-station) range of only a few miles has the power and

2 73 Amateur Radio ■ December,

range of the repeater, as long as it can reach the big station.

Who operates repeaters? Some are owned by individuals, but most are run by ham clubs. There are few areas in the United States without at least one repeater, and most towns have several. The ARRL publishes a directory listing them all in a thick little book.

Since a repeater transmits and receives at the same time, it must, of course, use different frequen- cies for the two functions or it would receive its own signal and quickly go to feedback heaven. The difference between the trans- mit and receive frequencies is called the offset or shift. Most re- peaters on the 2 meter band use a 600 kilohertz offset, while those on the UHF bands use a 5 mega- hertz offset. On the IV4 meter (220-225 MHz) band, the offset is 1600 kHz (1.6 MHz).

The transmit frequency may be higher or lower than the receive frequency. A band plan specifies frequency pairs, and few re* peaters deviate from it. The HT, of course, transmits and receives on the same frequencies, but in re- verse. Thus the liandheld's trans- mit frequency is the same as the repeater*s receive frequency, and vice versa.

Some repeaters provide func- tions beyond simple retransmis- sion. One of the most popular ex- tras is the autopatch, which allows connection to the landline tele- phone network. With it, you can make phone calls from any walkie equipped with a DTMF pad. Ob- servation of the rule prohibiting business-oriented transmissions Is especially important when us- ing the autopatch. Other functions include voice-synthesized time, date, and signal reports, and even the ability to link multiple re- peaters into a network permitting communication over hundreds of miles. Imagine using your hand- held to talk with someone three states away while you walk down the street]

Miss Manners

Operating through a repeater requires etiquette altogeliier dif- ferent from that used on the HF bands. Instead of calling CQ, you say "{yoLir call) listening." Sig- nal reports are given in terms of quieting, rather than strength; it's

1989

impossible to know the originating station's strength into the re- peater because you are ilstening to the retransmitted signai. A re- port of 'iull quieting" means you are coming through with no back- ground hiss, white one of '70 per- cent quieting'* means your signal into the repeater is scratchy.

Because only one station can use the repeater at a ttme. it is considered very discourteous to tie it up with long monologues. Short, succinct transmissions

keep the conversations flowing smoothly and promote accep- tance and friendliness toward new users.

Getting Out

HTs are designed to be used on the go, so get out there and have fun. Bring yours along when camping, hiking, walking, or even shopping. And of course, what ham would be caught dead at a hamfest without his trusty walkie? , . Michael Jay GeierKBIUM

Glossary

ARRL The American Radio Relay League.

Autopatch A repeater function that permits connection to the landline telephone network.

Band plan A gentlemen's agreement regarding usage of frequen- cies within the band.

CTCSS Continuous Tone Coded Squetch System. PL^, '^private iine;" is Motorola's trademark for CTCSS. Some repeaters use these tones to avoid recaption and retransmission of unwanted signals.

CQ C'Seek-you*') A CW abbreviation meaning ^'calling any station."

Digital memories Storage registers in NTs, used to hold frequen- cies and other operating data, such as offset.

DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency. The generic term for the tones produced by a Touch-Tone^" phone. Used for autopatch and re- peater control

FM Frequency modulation. Nearly all walkies, repeaters, and mo- bile rigs are FM, An FM receiver [sn*t sensitive to amplitude varia- tions caused by impulse-type noise or fading signals-

Frequency pair The transmit and receive frequencies used by a repeater,

Helically wound Wound in a spiral shape, tike the wire in a rubber duck antenna.

Offset The difference between the transmit and receive frequen- cies, also known as the shift.

Quieting The degree to which a received FM signal overcomes the background noise, A full quieting signal is the best possible signai.

Repeater Automated station which simultaneously retransmits signals on a frequency different from the frequency on which they were received.

RF energy Radio frequency energy. The radio wave spectrum begins at 20,000 Hz (cycles per second) and extends to beyond 300 billion Hz.

Rubber duck A flexibie rubber-encased antenna with internal heli- cally wound wire.

Simplex Receive and transmit on the same frequency.

UHF Ultra High Frequency. The UHF spectrum ranges from 300 to 3000 MHz, Amateur UHF bands are the 70cm (420-450 MHz), 33cm (902-928 MHz), and 23cm (1240-1300 f^Hz). 23cm is often considered a microwave band.

VHF Very High Frequency. The VHF spectrum ranges from 30 to 300 MHz. Amateur VHF bands are the 6 meter band (50-54 MHz), the 2 meter (144-148 MHz), and the VA meter (220-225 MHz) bands.

p

QFP

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Contract: Jus! by reading this, you have entered into a bmdtng legal contract. To avoid being prosecuted under every penalty provided by law, you wiil spend a minimum of two hours per week on ten meters talking with Novices and encouraging Ihem, No excuses will be accepted. No exceptions Ask questions — get them to talk — make hamming fun fof them Keep notes— a report will be required.

DECEMBER 1989

AMATEUR RADIO

lisue # 35 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

fl

HOME-BREW 9 VOXforHTs

No-hands hand -he Id hamming. . .

. KA8HML

22 Two Meter Mobile Rig

Sick of anemic HT mobile operation? Pep up your handle with this booster.

N8KDD

24 Poor Boy Satellite Station

Coat hanger + SO-239 connector = Mode A uplink antenna

38 Color SSTV for the Atari ST, Part I

Fast and easy way to get on this fascinating mtxle. ,

n * w w ^

h * 9- * f *

...N5LKJ

WB20SZ

REVIEWS

18 Yaesu FT-470 2m/70cm HT

Two meters and 70cm in a micro-sized hand-held.

KBIUM

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25 Breadblox Breadboarding System

The ultimate in flexible circuit experimentation

29 The ICOM IC-2SAT

ICOM^s stylish addition to their pico-sized 2m HT line, ,

32 Ramsey QRP-40 Transmitter

$30 and a few hour*s building time gets you out on this popular DX band.

45 Mirage D1 5 70cm Amp

Get more bang (or the buck with this brick, , , . , ,

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. , , WB0E

KT2B

BOOK REVIEWS

26 Communications Satetlftes — A Monitor's Guide

For tho.sc who wanted to know all about these birds, but didn't know where to ask

. . . . WA5ZIB

P

DEPARTMENTS

FEEDBACK. . , FF>!DB\CK!

ltMikttx:in|llitfe— nght hctc rn cmr offioesi Hmt? JiKti Ivie £idvamit|c of mir FEEDBACK card (in page 17. You'jJl nmkv a fecilti^ck number lit ihtr hc;t! inning of ciit'h urtidc iiTid coIujrtTn. We'd like yciu to rale wliul y<Hi ne^il !>Ki ihiA wt can print whal ty pQh of things you like bcM. And then wt will ilnw one Feedback and each macith For i fuec H^HcrifJtkn to 73.

66 Above and Beyomt m Ad Index 72 Ask K^b(Midi

95 Barter *n' Buy 70 CirculL^

96 de KYiNtH

80 Dealer Directory

17 Feed buck Index

44 Ham Help

17 Ham Profiles

56 Ham^^ts

50 Homing In

94 Inde?^: 12/89

Cover tiy Alice Scots eld Cover phoio by Frank Cofdelie Cover model: Rofcin C ami rand

76 tetters

60 L<K>klngWest

4 Never Say Die 74 New Products 47 FmrketTalk 86 Propagalian 54 QRP

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89 73 International 62 Special Events 64 Updated

2 Wekome Newcomers 92 I9K9Annuanndex

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See page iBpr mart <m tim imic ytt>nder.

f

73 Amateur Radio * December J 989 3

mm

Mumber 2 on your Feedback card

Never SAY DIE

Wayne Green W2NSD/1

How You Can Help Save Amateur Radio!

Here comes that confounded Gloom &. Doom Wayne Green again. Sigli. Naw, au contraire, I Cometh with solutions, not prob- lems. Good solutions, too. Maybe even fun solutions*

I've always remembered the sign on the Director's door at a research institute where I studied forty years ago. It said, "Bring me solutions, not problems.** Chap named L. Ron Hubbard— maybe you've read about him— made bil- lions. It's a good concept.

Alas, before we plunge into the solutions, I should at least give some hints as to the problems. The bottom line problem m that we've had pititui little growth in the last 25 years and, so far^ no visible prospects for much more. WeVe watching our fellow old timers run- ning our ham clubs and tottering around with their walkers at ham- fests, muttering to themselves.

Tve heard all the rationaliza- tions (which I'm sure yoEJ passion- ately believe) for why we aren't

attracting youngsters any more. It's the code. Kids have too many other interests today. They're too lazy. They're all Into computers. Yepp all those things are true, but they're just excuses, they're reaUy not the main problem.

W6NKE, in a letter in the QCWA Journat, said it. If we want to at- tract youngsters (or anyone, for that matter), hamming has to be fun. One only has to listen to the bands today to reaNze that operat- ing isn't much fun anymore. Be- tween DX pileups, where we have massive proof that intentional in- terference is alive and well, DX jamming, net jamming, repeater jamming and language which wouldn't even have been consid- ered possible 25 years ago, if you want to Interest someone in ama- teur radio you 'd better not let them tisten to our bands.

It won't be easy, but I believe we can fix the mess we've allowed to happen. As a matter of fact, it'll be fun fixing it. I think we can clean it an up— yes, even the DX pileups.

Okay, let's suppose we're actu-

CQ's Dastardly Attack on the ARRL

The amateur radio community was shaken to its foundations by the recent vicious and unprovoked attack by CQ Magazine (October 1 989) against the ARRL. Tsk.

The CQ editorial took The League to task for wasting some $600,000 or so on their new W1AW hamshack. Worse, instead of using ham gear, which they probably could have had for free, they spent top dollar buying commercial communications equipment.

What do we have to do, form a committee to stop these political attacks on The League? Obviously the CQ editors* motivated by greed, are trying to destroy our beloved ARRL, As an ARRL member with a 50-year pin proving beyond any question my total devotion to this great organization, perhaps I should head such a committee. Do I hear from any volunteers to start local chapters?

In the meanwhile I hope you will flood the CO editors with letters expressing your revulsion and disgust at their sorry, bumbling at- tempt at sowing discord and distrust among true-blue ARRL stal- warts.

Heck, I say that if The League's directors don't think the Kenwood, ICOM, Yaesu and Ten-Tee gear is good enough for their paid com- mercial ham operators to use, I think we should respect their deci- sion. Who would posstbly know better than Ihe ARRL and OSTwhat equipment is best for a top-notch ham station?

ally able to clean up the garbage on our bands. Then where are we? Then we're left with the same old banal signal report contacts which have been amateur radio's quagmire ever since the hobby started. No, we've not only got to clean up our garbage, we' re going to have to do it ourselves, without asking or expecting any help from the FCC, the ARRL or any other bureaucrats, and then we're go- ing to have to set about making ham contacts actually interesting. Wow, what a concept! I believe we can do all this— and it'll be fun. You'll see. Now stop being a cur- mudgeon and see what Tm going to propose. Yes, I already can hear the whining arguments that it won't work. Baloney.

A couple years ago the gullible were convinced that the Novice Enhancement program was going to save amateur radio. Spoilsport Green said no, it won't. Now it*s the no-code matarky. I don't care whether you are in favor of a no- code license or not, the present ARRL proposition is a hoax. It's a safe way to be in ''favor*' of no- code, all the while burning it at the stake. All the fire and fury will dis- tract the membership from actual- ly thinking, seems to be the theo- ry. Good theory.

As I pointed out in my recent talk at the Huntsvllle hamfest, no- code today is a religious matter. lt*s something about which you have no facts, and that you be- lieve in passionately. That's reli- gion and we kill people who dis- agree with us on religious matters. Oddly enough, we don't seem as anxious to kill people over facts.

The proposed no-code salva- tion for American amateur radio meets the requirements for being a duck. It looks like the Canadian no-code license, smells like it, walks like it, sounds like it. , .by golly, it /s a duck! The Canadians, for those of you who have been

continued on p, 82

TAFF

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COMMITTEE

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4 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

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• Multi-function micro- phone supplied. ^ Various controls are i provided on the mic. for increased utility ^

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The n0wTS^95OSD is the first Amateur Radio transceiver to utilize Digital Signal Processing (DSP), a high voltage final amplifier, dual fluorescent tube digital display and digital meter with a peak-hold function.

The TS-950SD can receive two fre- quencies simultaneously The sub- receiver has independent controls for frequency step size, noise blanker, and AF gain and its own digital display!

•^ Synchronized

With SSB IF stope tuning, the digital AF filter provides sharp characteristics for optimum filter response.

♦ Mew high . .,.u:^i^

50 V power transistors in the 150-watt final section, results in minimum distor- tion and higher efficiency. Fult-power key-down time exceeds one hour

♦ H&Hi Buiit-in microprocessor corrtrolled automatic antenna The new antenna tuner is faster and you can store the settings in memory! (f^anual override is also possible.)

♦ Outstanding general coverage receiver performance and sensitivity. Kenwood's Dyna-Mix" high sensitivity direct mixing system provides from 100 kHz to 30 MHz. The Intermodula- tion dynamic range is 105 dB.

I

rocessing

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• Digital Signal Processor DSP is a state-of-the-art technique that maxi- mizes your transmitted RF energy Your signal stands out because it is much more pure than your competi- tion! You can even tailor your transmit- ted CW or vofce signal waveshape! i

Select various filter combinations from the front panel ForCW : 250 and 500 Hz. 2.4 kHz for SSB. and 6 kHz for AM. Fitter selections can be stored in memory!

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• TOOmemt har^me^ Store inde- pendent transmit and receive frequen- cies, mode, filter data, auto-tuner data and CTCSS frequency

Add? Built-in inter-

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EDITED BY BRYAN HASTtNGS NSfB

Smile for the Camerai

Have any color ham radio related photos — ham efubs, tiumor, etc.? Give*em world-wide exposure in the QRX column, one of 73'$ hottest departments. Any reasonable subn^issions stand a good chance of appearing here m the near future. No polaroids, please; we need prints from 35frim or better film. Make sure to send ihem to the attention of QRX,

Ham License Fees

The lis House of Representa- tives passed and sent on to the Senate the 1989 federal deficit reduction bill that includes a $30 fee for amateur radio licens- es. The Senate is expected to act quickly on the measure and then send rt along to President George Bush for his signature. Slay tuned for a full report.

UK Novice

The Radio Society of Great Brftain (RSGB) proposed a pair of new entry level Novice class Ijcenses for the UK. "Novice 8" would be a code-free certificate with VHF voice privileges above 30 MHz. Passing a five wpm code test, to receive the "Novice A" ticket, adds phone privileges on t60 meters.

If the British Deparlment of Trade and Industry gtves its nod to the RSGB proposal, the applicant will have to take a SO-hour training course, given by a DTl-approved Instructor. The RSGB says this would replace the Morse code test as a method of assunng the prop- er standards m the British Ama- teur Service. These licensees would be granted many emission modes applicable to the bands and band segments assigned to the current license class, but at a maximum power of onfy five watts. There would be no mini- mum age to gel either ticket and both would carry a three-year re- newable license term.

The RSGB says this proposal is based on a survey of its members up to age 25. They add that a Novice ticket is needed to help off- set the severe shortage of skilled electronics technicians and engi- neers in the UK. The UK has a

no-code license, but it requires an extremely high level of skill to obtain.

If the PTI approves the RSGB Novice proposal the UK wifl be second only to Japan in its liberal- ization of amateur Ncensing using no-code as an entry point.

PRB-1 Wins in Costa Mesa

Hams in this California city have something to cheer about: a new antenna ordinance that gives them a lot more then they expected.

For many years, the Costa Mesa city government told per- mrss ion-see king hams to put up whatever system they wanted. Several years ago. however, the city suddenly enacted a 30' maxi- mum height ordinance. When the city decided that it was time to change the variance requirement, Fried Heyn WA6VVZ0 appointed Aft Goddard W6XD to promote a drive for a less restrictive ordi- nance. Goddard organized a mass turnout of hams to a Costa Mesa City Council meeting that lasted until 2 a.m. That motion was passed, and the Council also enacted a second motion that held off enforcement of any anten- na ordinances against hams unt^ there was on© mutually agreed- upon by the Cily and the resident amateurs.

Heyn supplied to the Council, in September "88» PRB-1 material from attorney Wayne Overt}eck N6NB and an emergency commu- nications news story about Costa

Mesa resident Gordon West WB6N0A. This led to a second City Council meeting. The Costa Mesa City Attorney felt that the terms of PRB-1 took precedence over anything the city might want. As a result, Costa Mesa agreed that its current ordinance was not within federal pre-emption guideli- nes. Heyn. Overbeck and God* dard met with local hams and city planners to work up an ordinance acceptable to both.

In mid-August, that proposal went before the City Council which passed It with little discus- sion. It ca^ls for a maximum anten- na height without variance of sev- en feet, grandfathering of all existing lowers and antennas as long as they are registered with the city before May 1990 and ex- clusion of any antenna weighing 80 pounds or less. The city even took the unusual step of writing to each ham living in Costa Mesa de- tailing the new and more Jibefal ordinancel

Pirate

Taxi Dispatciies

The New York City FCC office asks the help of area hams to rid the 10m amateur band of illegal taxicab dispatch services.

Hams in the Northeast have been outraged by the indifference of the NYC FCC office to this problem. The illegals even threatened one ham's life,

Kevin McKeon, Engineer in charge of the NYC Reki Opera- tions Bureau, inspected many cabs in May and June, which led

Harrison Indicted

An Oceanside^ New York ham faces a possible maximum sentence of 250 years in jail and 12,5 million dollar fine if convicted on all 50 counts of alfeged mail fraud, Michael D. Har- rison WB2PTI was indicted by a Grand Jury of the US District Coun on charges of marl fraud. The indictment states Harrison placed fulVpage ads in amateur radio journals claiming thai the long defunct Atlas Etectronics had joined forces with Uniden to faring out the very popular HR-2510 10m mobile rig. The ad indicated that Atlas operated out of a post office box in Lynbrook, NewYork and offered the transceiver for only $220. The government says that Harrison never delivered the promised radios even though he received a substantial number of prepaid orders, including one for over $3,000. On 26 January. Harrison was arrested and charged with mail fraud. He was released after posting a S25,000 bond. No trial date has yet been set and prosecutors say that the full dollar amount of the alleged swindle may never be known.

to the closing down of some Illegal dispatch stations. The problem is far from licked, though, and the FCC asks for your help. If you have any mfo on the illegal opera* tors* identities, their hours of oper- ation, their locations, addresses and/or vehicle license numbers, please send it to the NYC FCC, 201 Varick Street, New York, NY, 10014.

Court Appeai to Save

22P-222 iWHz

The ARRL went to court to slop the reallocation of the low- er 40% of the 1 V* m band to com*- mercjal service. League Counsel Chris Imlay N3AKD filed the peti- tion to review the FCC reallocation order, in jomt cooperation with a second Washington law firm that specializes in these matters. The petition demands that the US Court of Appeals for Washington DC set aside the reallocation of 220-222 MHz over to Land Mobil© services and then to remand the matter to the FCC for re-disposi- tion. In its filing, the League claims the reallocation action was arbitrary, capricious, and an abuse of discretion. Case number 89-^ 1 602 has been assigned by the court.

Ham Wins Grammy

The National Academy of Recording Artists and Sciences recently honored Larnell ''Stu" Harris WD4LZC, of Louisville, Kentucky, for the best male per- formance by a gospel singer. Har- ris received his award at the 31st annual Grammy Awards Cere- mony in Los Angeles.

Big Thanks

. .Ao WesWnk Report, David Black KB4KCH, and Roy Neai K6DUE. for furnrshtng this month's news items. Keep your ham radio-related news items and photos rolling in to 73 Magazine, WGE Center, Forest Rd., Han- cock NH 03449, Attn: QRX, You may also submit text as E-Mail to the Sysop on the the 73 BBS, {603) 52&-4438, 300/1200 baud.

8 data bits, no parity, and one stop bit.

73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989 7

of the day!

Have you been trawling the bounding main for a new product? We have just netted il^ — Ihe TP-38 microprocessor controlled community repeater panel which provides the complete interface between the -^^ repeater receiver and transmitter. Scuttle Hjl individual tone cards* all 38 EIA standard -^ CTCSS tones are included as well as time and hil accumulators, programmable timers, tone translation, and AC power supply at one low price of $595, 00. The I^5"5.lMJ eaCu TP-38 is packed like a can of sardines with features, as a matter of fact the only $59*95 DTM F moduIe additional option is a DTMF module for $59.95, This module allows complete $149.95 Digital CTCSS mO( offsite remote control of all TP-38 functions, including adding new customers or deleting poor paying ones, over the repeater receiver channel.

Other features include CMOS circuitry for low power consumption, non- volatile memory to retain programming if power loss occurs, immunity to falsing* pro- grammable security code and much more. The TP-38 is backed by our legendary 1 year warranty and is shipi^d fresh daily. Why not set passage for the abundant waters of Communications Specialists and cast your nets for a TP-38 or other fine catch.

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vox for HTs

VOX circuit for tfie IC^2A T and other HTs

by Thomas E. Warfel KA8HML

The classic ICOM 2 AT is the * VW bug" of amateyr radio: !t*$ reasonably priced, rugged, and reliable. Unforrunately,

there have been no commercial VOX units for it. This article presents a small. low-pow- er VOX circuit for an ICOM 2AT, or just aboui any other handie-talkie, which you can build using standard surface-mount compo- nents.

Circuit Overview

To minimize power consumption, ! used a Texas Instruments TLCi079 IC* a quad low- power, low-voltage op amp. Each op amp forms ihe core of one of four sub-circuits that together make up the VOX, One acts as a buffer 10 reduce the combined load of the VOX and radio on the microphone, while the other three form the actual voice -detect/ switching circuit. See Figure I .

IC-IB isolates the microphone from the radio. This way, when the transmitter en- gages, it doesn't change the load at the audio input to the VOX. Note that C4 acts to re- move the DC bias from the output signal being ftd to the radio. This is important be- cause, while the AC component carries the audio, it is the DC component (switched by Ql) that actually switches the transmitter on and off.

The remaining three op-amps are used only to detect the presence of speech, not to pass sjjeech faithfully. The first VOX stage is an audio filter designed to pass frequencies ^om about 100 Hz to 800 Hz while providing a net gain of around 50. This isadcquatetoamplilV speech while reducing the likelihood of pick- ing up stray audio noise.

The s<K:ond VOX stage is little more than a comparator. When the incoming signal (the sum of the DC virtual ground plus the AC amplified/filtered audio signal) exceeds tte DC threshold set by RIO, R 12, and R13, the output of IC-ID goes high. This threshold level, the VOX sensitivity, is adjusted by potentiometer Ri2 and stabilized by CIO. Not all speech sounds will be loud enough to exceed the threshold: maybe only twenty per- cent or so will cause triggering.

The third VOX stage is needed to "pro- long" the pulses from the second VOX stage

Figure I. 1:1 primed circuii board eich-resisi pattern.

Photo A. Maw the author mounted the VOX with switch and battery, ne * *belt dip ' * is formed from two press-on cable guides.

$0 that the transmitter stays on, rather than just pulsing on and off. R 1 6 adjusts how long the VOX stays on per triggering. The ICOM 2AT is keyed by pulling the microphone line low through QL

ConstmctiBg the Circuii

The JC is a staiic-sensiiive device, so u^ a grounded iron if possible. Since the com- ponents are small and the circuit traces

even smaller, a low-wattage iron gen- erates more than enough heat for these purposes. Unless it's temperature-reg- ulated, anything over 30 watts is likely

to lift tiaoes off the circuit board.

Most of the challenge of building with sur- face mount components is putting the devices where you want them. You will need a free- standing magnifying glass (or some other kind of hands- free magnifier), clean tweez- ers, small diameter rosin core solder, and thin **unsoldering" copper braid. Avoid vac- uum-type dcsoldcring tools: they tend to suck up components as well as solder. Taping down the corners of the circuit board makes soldering much easier

Solder the pans directly; don't glue them dow^n first. Tin the copper foil pads, gently position the component on the board with your tweezers in one hand, and touch the tip of the iron to the pad with your other hand. When soldering the IC, use as little heat (and solder) as possible, and wait at least ten to twenty seconds between soldering each pin. The *'D^' SOIC (Small Outline Integrated Circuit) package is smaller than a normal IC, so the heat dissipation is less than a normal IC as well.

Assembling the Circuit

Go slow when soldering the parts on the board. It takes me about three hours lo assem- ble one board: allow twice as much time if youVe new to surface-mount technique. Refer to Figure 3 for parts placement.

Follow this sequence for smooth assembly;

1 . Install the two jumpers J I and J2,

2. CI, C12, CI6 (100 pF). Make sure CI6 is not bridging any adjacent circuit traces.

3. C15(1000pF).

4. C2,C4,C6{0J jJtF).

5. C3,Cl3(220pF),

6. Rl (5.6k); R4, R5 (100k); R6, R14 (IM).

7. Diode Dl— use voltmeter to verify device polarity!

8. C5 (10 jiF to 30 mF), Note that the end with the white band is toward the center of the board, not the edge*

9. R2(lk);R3(2.2k).

10. If you haven^t done so yet, take a break!

11. R15 (1 M); Cll (.47 ^F)—wh!te band points inward: RIO (2.2 M); R 17 ( 1 00k).

73 Atnateur Radio • December, 1989 9

B

Figure!. Schematic forthe VOX unit

Fhom B. x0.2\

12, R16 (2 M poLentiometer).

1 3 JC- 1 . Note that one side of the IC is beveled. Thai side should face ihe half of the board just ccimplcied.

14. R 13(1 M);Rll(100k).

15, R 12 (1 M potentiometer),

16. Deflux the board now if vou have flux remover. Don*i f^crub with a wire brush* jusi rinse the board with solvent*

17, Diode D2. Again, be sure of your polarity.

18.C17 (100 pf). This is probably the most difficult component to install without shorting adjacent traces.

19. Take another break.

20X10,C9(220pF).

2LQ1.

22. R9(lk),C7(0.lMF),

23, R8 (820k), C8 (470 pF), R7 (10k).

If you are assembling this to use with an ICOM 2AT or a similar rig in which the microphone line doubles as a push-to-talk (PTT) line, install R18 (22k), defiux die board, and go to the testing section.

If you are assembling this to use with a rig that requires a separate PTT line, do NOT install R18, Instead, install C14 (220 pF). deftux the boards and go to the testing section.

If you need to drive a relay with this circuit* install C14. Connect one side of the relay coil to the ''optionaUpush'tO'talk** pad, the other to the V+ pad. Connect a IN914 diode across the relay coil, as shown in Figure 4. Deflux the board.

Circuit Testing

1. Tack -solder a 9V snap-type battery clip to the board with the positive (red) lead going to the VH- pad and the negative (black) lead going to the ground pad. Connect one terminal of a 9 volt battery

10 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

id.^hik
Wi »*''>'i^-^^»-n {
	^^^^^~^^^7*N^

ne vox unit measures only 1.2'' x 1.0''

to one of the snap buttons, but leave the second terminal unconnected. You will probably have to rotate the battery around the first snap to do this. With a mil Ham meter, complete the circuit between the free battery terminal and snap-on clip. The circuit should read between 50 and 100 microamps {0.05 mA loO. 1 nriA). If the current reads less than this (or even zero), check to make sure that the battery is good, that there is battery voltage between the V+ pad and the ground pad (fault}' bat* teiy clip), or whether Dt is in back- wards. If the current reads much more than this, see if C 17 is shorting the power lines, or if C5 and/or CI 1 are wired in backwards.

Assuming correct current, fully connect the battery terminal to the clip. Measure the voltage between ground and the Junc- tion of R4, R5, and C6. It should be between 3 and 5 volts. If lower, check to make sure the battery is good, and thai Dl and C5 are well-soldered and making good electrical connections. Also see if either R5 or C6 are shorting the pad to ground. If (he voltage is greater than 5 volts, check to see if resistor R6 is short-

ing out on the Vcc trace, or if R4 is shorted out.

3. Assuming thai the R4, R5, and C6 junction pad voltage was acceptable, turn potentio- meter R 1 2 compie te !y cou nte r-cloc k w ise . Measure the voltage on IC-L pin 14 rela- tive to ground. It should be at or near 0 volts- If the voltage, however, is at or near Vcc, measure the voltage at pin 13. If pin 13 is at 0 volts, check R13, R12, and RIL

4. Assuming pin 14 checked out, turn R12 completely counter-clockwise. Check the voltage on pin 14 again; if it is now at Vcc, back R12 clockwise again until the voltage on pin 14 goes back to zero. Dis- connect the battery, and tack-solder mi- crophone leads between the '*to headset microphone" pad and ground. Lead po- larity is imponant.

5 . Reconnect the battery to just one snap, and measure the current as in step 2. It should now be between 0.3 ntA and 0.5 niA.

If the current is lower than this, check to make sure the microphone leads are correcdy connected, and that RI is prop- erly installed.

6. Assuming proper circuit curr^H, fully connect the battery. With a voltmeter, measure the voltage on pin 14. If it is above Vcc/2, quietly turn R12 clockwise until it goes back to zero.

7. Tap the microphone. With each tap, the voltage on pin 14 should briefly spike up to Vcc. If there is no change at pin 14, lest with a small amplifier/speaker in series with a 100 jlF capacitor as fallows: Con- nect the capacitor negative lead to circuit ground. Connect the capacitor positive lead to one of the amplifier leads. Con- nect the other amplifier lead to IC-1 pin 8. Tap the microphone. If you don't hear any noise from the speaker, there is a problem with the circuitry for op amp IC-IC. If you do hear noise, check the circuitry for op amp IC- 1 D,

8. Assuming pin 14 is re.sponding correctly, connect the voltmeter between pin 3 and ground. Again, tap the microphone. With each tap, the voltage should spike up to at least Vcc/2, then slowly decay back to 0. If there is no spike, check die polarity of diode D2.

9. Rotate RI6 completely counter-clock- wise. Connect the voltmeter between pin I of IC'l and ground* Tap the micro- phone. With each tap, the voltage should briefly spike. Rotate R16 completely clockwise. Tap the microphone. The voltage should spike ^ but then stay high for a moment before dropping. If the voltage at pin 1 is always high, check to see if C12 may be shorting pin 2 to ground. If the voltage is zero, check to see if CM and R14 are correctly in- stalled.

10. Rotate Ri6 completely counter-clock- wise. Speak into the microphone. Adjust R12 so that pin 1 bounces high when you speak in a moderately loud voice but does not go high when you breathe. Once R 12 is adjusted, starting speaking continuous-

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* DTMF CONTROL Over 45 ftjnctksns can be contrdted tsy touch-tone. Sep^aie 4-digit control code for each function, pilus extra 4-dlglt owner password

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*Spocify luning r8ng&: 25-35, 35^55, 55-90, 9at20, f2G- 15Q, 150-200, 2iXi-27a, W 4QCSQ0 MHi.

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HEUCAL RESONATOR PREAMPS

Pmamps with 3 or 4 section heiicai resonators reduce intefmod & cross- bend interference in cntioai applicabor^. MODEL HRA-{*), S49 vhf, $94 uhf. •Specify tuning range: 742-150, r5{3<rsf. t&2-1?4, Si 3-233, 420^450, 450^70.

RECEIVING CONVERTERS

Low notse converters to receive vhl and uhf Ihandft on a IQM receiver Choce Of kit with case & BNC jacks, kit with pcb only, or wA Lnit in a case. Ottw rrMxlels avi^ibla tor otli^ in/out ranges & afv, Boqu&st catalog for comphto /istrngs. VHP in put range* avgfl; 136-138,

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Parts List for the 2M vox

Figure 3. Parts / . mem diagram*

\y. Slowly rotate R 16 clockwise until the pin 1 Mops bouncing and just stays high, Slop speaking and verify that pin 1 goes low again. The VOX circuit assembly is now complete.

InstalJalion and Use

There arc limes when a headsei/PTT ar- rangement may be more appropriate than VOX. I wined my VOX unit with a 3- way toggle switch, an Augat Alcoswitch CST- 023TA, 10 easily switch between the two. Center is off, one side is momentar>^ PTT, and the other side is VOX.

I used a DP3T instead of a DPDT<entcr off to avoid keying the transmitter when turn- ing the VOX off. Merely turning off circuit power essentially turns the microphone off. This generates electrical noise which is picked up by ihe VOX as if it were a sound spoken by a person. As the circuit consumes so little power* the residual charge left on C5 (ihe de spiking capacitor) can easily switch the transmitter on for a moment. Ideally, one would solve this problem by using a resistor/ capacitor combination to buffer microphone power separately from circuit power. In this way microphone power would stay on just a

Figure 4. Con/wcfing a relay to the VOX board.

12 73 AmaiBur Radio * December, 1989

Cofnpori€nt	Value	Supplier/Part ID	Each	Total
B2.F19	Ik	GarrenMCRlOJWIOa	0.14	0^
R3	2^	GafTettMCR10JW222	0.14	0.14
B1	5.£k	Q«rettMCRlOJW5€2	0.14	0.14
R7	10k	GafrettMCRlOJWl03	0,14	0.14
R16	22k	Garrett MGeiafW223	0.14	0.14
R4,R5.ft11,Hl7	100k	Garrett MCR10JW1 04	0.14	0S6
RB	820k	Garrett MCRT0JW824	ai4	0.56
R6,R13.R14.R15	tM	Garrett MCR10JW1 05	0.14	0.56
R12	1 M pot.	Garrett G4E105M	1.98	198
RIG	2Mpot.	Garrett G4E205M	1.98	1 98
R10	2.2 M	Garrett MCR10JW225	0.14	0.14
J1,J2	OQ	Garrett MCRiejWOOO	0,08	0.16
C1.C12.C16,C17	lOOpF	Garrett 0805N101J ^01	0.2B	1.12
C3,C4,C10.C13,C14	220 pF	Garrett 0805IS1221J 101	0.30	1.50
ca	470 pF	Garrett 0S05N471J 101	0.30	0.30
C1S	tOOGpF	Garrett OB05N102J 101	0-35	0.35
C21.C4,C6.C7	0.1 pF	Garrett 08052104M500	0.25	1,00
C11	0,47 pF	Garrett 1fll2B474K:SO0	1.2S	125
C5	33 nF	Garrett 267M1602336M	1.68	1.68
Q1	2143904	GarrMLMtST3904	0.30	0.30
01 .02	1N4148	GarTe«RLS4l48	0.15	0.30
lC-1	T1X1079ID	Marshail Industries	7^	7^
DP3T	momentafy	Augat Alcoswitch CST-023rrA	2^

Garrett iEU. Inc. 31 30 Skyway Dr.. j^l 04 Santa Man a CA 93455 (606) 922-0594

Augat/Alooswitch (call tor local distributor) 1551 Osgood Street North Andover MA 01 845 (506) 665-4371

bit longer than circuit power when the unit is turned off, thereby avoiding the '*noise/' Unfortu- nately, this would re- quire around a 220 |lF capacitor, which is larger than the rest of the circuit! With a DP3T switch, you can instantly quiet the circuit by draining C5 as soon as you discon- nect power. See Figure 5 fordeiaits.

I mounted the entire assembly (VOX, switch, 9 volt alkaline battery, jack for the HS-10 headset) in a 3.75" x 1.25" x 2" blue plastic Unibox and added a belt-clip. The circuit itself takes very little .'^pace; it*s the battery, wires, switch, and headphone jack that take up the room.

Other Radios

You can use this same VOX circuit with other handi-ialkies with only nrtinor aher- ations. Yaesu HTs have the same type of PTT detections as the ICOM and can work unmod- ified.

Kenwood HTs have a slightly different means of detecting a PTT condition with their external microphone. To use this circuit with a Kenwood HT, install VOX component C 14 in- stead of R 1 8, and then wire the 'To-radio-push-to-talk" pad to the Kenwood PTT line (micro- phone jack **ground") and the *'to-radio-microphone-input'* pad to the radio microphone-in* put line. The VOX ctrcuil ground must then connect to the external speaker ack ground {and not to the external micro* phone jack "ground" connec- lor).

PC board, battery clip, mounting case, headset iack. racfio pfugs. wire

Parts Suppliers

12.00

Marshall Industries in Pittsburgh PA (412)786-0441

Meadowlake Corporation PO Box 497 Northport NY 11768

1.2" by 1* wide, draws less than 0.5 mA, and is relatively resistant lo ambient RF. Total cost of parts and mounting, excluding the

headset, is around S40. Circuit boards and parts kits are available through the Carnegie- Mellon Amateur Radio Club, Send an SASE to Tom Warfel, CM U ARC, 414 South Craig St- ^176. Pittsburgh PA 15213,

Thomas E. WarfeL licensed as a Novice in the late '70s, currently holds an Advanced li- cense. He graduated cum laude in Electrical Engineering in 1 988, and is now in his second year as a medical student. His address is 120 Ruskin Axe. . §603, Pimburgh PA 15213.

r<r>

RADtO ^HiJC* 274-289

PLUG W ftAdIO EAfiPKONE JACK

nmO SHACK Z 74'- 286

4i)&*T *LCOSWrrCH CST-Oa^Ti

Conclusion

The final circuit is roughly

Figure 5, Purring ir alt together. This shows how I wired my VOX ro my ICOM 2 AT so thai by throwing the switch in one direction, I had VOX, center was off, andrhe other direcrion was a momenrarv PTT.

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NYE VIKING MBV^A

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WIRE & CABLE

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COPPERWELD ANTENNA WIRE:

Solid: 12 ga.„$0,12/tt.; Sotid: 14 ga...$0,09/ft.; Stranded 14 ga.,.$OJO/ft.

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Heuthhlt

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A completely self-contained grounded grid linear amplifier that delivers 1000 watts PEPonSSB and 850 watts output on CW. A broad -band tuned input circuit to the 3-5002 tube gives you coverage of 1 60, 80, 40^ 20, and 1 5 meters PLUS 80% of rated output on MARS and WARC bands. It's easy to build and easy to operate.

Remember the famous Heath SB-220? This is Its successor and it develops even more power output.

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HW-9 Deluxe QRP CW Transceiver

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Make this Christmas a "Heath Christmas." Heath has great gifts for the amateur and the entire family. Why not enjoy assembling a Heathkit during the long, cold winter? Happy Holidays from the gang at rfe.

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Tuner money can buy with meter, antenna switch, bal

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Ham profiles

There are no ' average " hams!

Linda Reneau KA WKM. Linda islZ zme's Senior Editor.

Nurse, Author, Poet, Ham

Linda Reneau KAiUKM has been an editor at 73 Magazine for two years. Last summer she got her Novice license and continues to study for an upgrade. As an adolescent, she was an SWLer and science fiction fan. She te- ionged to the Astronomy Club of Kansas City. Junior NASA, and

the Civil Air Patrol. On© of her goals is to start a dream discussion net.

At presenL she reads about two SF books a week and is active in as- tronomy. For physics, she reads Fred Wolf's intriguing books. She's lived in Louisiana, Missou* rl New York City, Arizona, Alaska, California, and now New Hampshire. Besides writing and edit- ing, she's worked as a nurse, firefighter, and bookkeeper, among other things.

Recently she complet- ed a book, A Manual of Dream Art/Science. To ih& S(<y, a book of poetry, was published in 1984 by Orca Press in Alaska. Other poems have been published in anthologies, and many articles on dream studies have been published in TTre Dream Network Bufletin. She IS currently working on a new book. Dreaming for Spiritual Growth.

Maga-

'*Da Schmooze'*

Jim Bait KA1TGA is a ham with many interests and talents. He was once

an aspiring college and semi-pro baseball player. Before graduating from college, he travelled to Germany to open a white- water ratting program for the AFRC (Armed Forces Recreatior> Command) and in his spare time was a mountain climbing guide in the Bavarian Alps. After teaching environmetal ed- ucation at an outdoor edu- cation school \n Trinity. Texas, he spent a season as mainsail driver on an ocean racing yacht*

His first job in the communica- tions fieid was as "Sky Watch One/' an airborne traffic reporter for KTRH newsradio in Houston. Texas. He then moved to WKBK radio in Keene, New Hampshire, where he was News Director and hosted a talk show where he inter- viewed presidential candidates during the 1988 campaign. He has worked for 73 Magazine tot two years and is now an advertis- ing sales representative.

Jim is 3 community volunteer for the Contoocook Valtey (NH)

Jim Bait KA 1 TGA. Jim rs a member of the 73 Magazine advertising saies team.

High School's solar racing car and Amateur Radio Club and a member of the Board of Directors of the Red Cross. He will atso coach an area Babe Ruth base- ball team where he hopes to have a winning season AND to expose his team to the excitement of ama- teur radio.

Jim is not the only ham in his family. His late grandfather W8BWD, his father NV3J. and his brother NSKIR share and pass on their enthusiasm for the hobby.

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1 Welcome Newcomers

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6 Review: Yaesu FT-470 2m/ 70cm HT

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Two Meter Mobile Rig

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I

73 Amateur Radio * December, 1 989 17

Number 6 on your Feedback card

73 Review

by Michael Jay Geier KBIUM

Yaesu FT-470 2m/70cm HT

Yaesu USA

17210 Edwards Road

CermosCA9070l

Teh (600) 999-2070;

(213)404-2700.

Price Class: $500

Dual-band fun In an HT only slightly larger than the FT-4 1 1 .

Yaesu introduced the first duahband walkie a few years ago. The FT-727R, though somewhat large and power-hungry; was an instant success, and many are on ihe air today. Recently, miniature dual-banders have t>egun to appear, and Yaesu is once agara at the forefront of the technology with the introduction of the FT-470,

Resembles FT-411

Tne 144/440 MHz FT-470 is patten^ed after the highly successful FT -41 1 series of single- band walkies. and it's impossible not to com- pare the two rigs. The '470 has the same basic look, a very similar keypad function layout, and a slightly tonger and thicker case. It uses the same batteries, mikes, and most of the other accessones.

Smali, Powerful Battery

The battery was the first thing I noticed when I opened the box. It was about V^-inch shorter than the FNB-IO which was shipped with my '41 1 . A glance at ihe back, however, revealed that it had the same 7.2-voIl, 600 mA-hour capacity. As it turns out. it even uses the same charger! There is no eleclrica! differ- ence between the two packs. I immediately ordered one for my '41 1 . and I love it: now the rig is truly pocket-sized, with no compromise in performance. If you want lo get one. the battery's model number is FNB-17,

The FT-470 is smalt as dual-banders go. lt*s about one inch tonger than the '411. The sup- plied YHA-28 duck is actually longer than the radio! By the way» the duck is flexible and appears very well made. The rig fits comfort- ably in my hand, and the keys are larger and easier to press than those on the *411.

Simultaneous Monitoring

The top of the radio has four controls: squelch (which operates on both bands simul- taneously), volume, balance (concentric with the volume control), and the ''dial" knob- The balance control adjusts the relative volumes of the two bands. That's right, you can monitor both bands at once! Also on top are the mike and earphone jacks and, of course, the anten- na connector.

18 73 Amateur Radio • Decemt>er« 1 989

The Yaesu FT-ATO dual-band HT

*

Figure h The Kaboom Audio Enhancer for the FT*411 (June '39) works equally welt for the FT-AJO,

The left side houses the rubber buttons for the PTT, squelch monitor, and lamp. As for the '411, the lamp lights the keypad as well

as the LCD, I find this very handy for night operation.

All other functions are performed from the keypad. In addition to Ihe usual sixteen keys, there are four more, permitting you to do some commonly-used operations without pressing the FUNCTION button. This arrangement is es- pecially nice for the reverse function, which requires only one keypress, instead of the two used on the '411,

Another improvement is the separation of the keypad lock and ptt lock into two keys. Now you can lock the ptt withoul locking the pad.

The LCD is targe and easy to read. The numbers and icons are clearer than the '4t1's, Both the main band and sub- band are shown, with the main band's frequency on the left in large numbers, and the subband's on the rights in smaller numbers,

Yaesu opted fora 5^>^*digit display. The half digit refers to the kHz display. Rather than a zero or a five» there is just nothing for a zero, and a small block which shows '50^' for a five. This is somewhat disconcerting when entering frequencies from the keypad, be- cause the display looks the same (for frequen- cies ending in a zero) before and after youVe entered the last digit Actually, the decimal point only comes on when you finish the entry, but it's easy to overlook. Several t^mes I was unsure whether or not I had entered all the digits. There seems to be no advantage to this kind of display.

The FT-470 includes nearly all the features of the "411. The only thing missing is the vox circuits which few of us are likely to use, any- way Of course, there are new features related to dual-band operation. The sand key trans- poses the main and subbands. The sub key turns the subband on and off. The alt key allows the rig to alternate between bands dur- ing memory scanning.

fVlemory Functions

The rig has two memory banks, one for each band. Each bank contains 20 memories, any of which can hold odd splits, and the frequen- cy and status of the included CTCSS encoder/

SIMPLEX PATCH AVAILABLE

^««.K«EI-«S«**"""''

VCS-21 00

VOX CONTROLLED

SAMPLING INTERCONNECT

The Interconnect Specialists Inc. (ISI), VCS-2100, uses a combination of VOX con- trol from telephone line audio, and sampling of receiver noise, to achieve the optimum control method for a simplex interconnect. No sampling interruptions occur during normal conversation. Turn-a-round beeps make operation very smooth and easy.

The VCS^2100 features the ISI exclusive, Automatic Setup. This feature eliminates the trial and error method of sample window setup. Our Quick Start Set-up procedure gets the VCS-2100 up and running, without com- plicated programming. The VCS-2100 is superior to any other interconnect in its price range. It is a plug-in replacement for the popular 510SA Smart Patch.

INTERCONNECT SPECIALISTS INC.

FEATURES:

• AUTOMATIC SET-UP

Automatically sets the sample window for your transceiver. No more trial and error.

• TURN^A ROUND BEEPS

Sends beep to telephone line, and to mobile indicating it's their turn to talk.

• USER PROGRAMMABLE CW ID

CW ID can be programmed using UTMR ID can be programmed to be sent at the beginn- ing, the end, both, or not at alL

• AUTOMATIC BUSY DISCONNECT AutomaticaHy disconnects if the telephone number dialed is busy.

• HOOK-FLASH

Used to make a second call without disconnecting and re-connecting. Also can be used for phone company services which use Hook-fiash. « CALL WAITING If a mobife call is attempted and the line is in use, a beep is sent to the phone line indicating that the mobile wants to make a call. Then when the line becomes available, a ring-out is transmitted to the mobile,

• RING-OUT (REVERSE PATCH)

Can be programmed to ring-out one time, on each ring, or not at ail, when the line rings.

• SINGLE OR MULTI DIGIT CODES Connect or disconnect codes can be single * and #, or * and # plus two digits.

• CALL LIMIT TIMER

Can be set for 3, 4, or 5 minutes, or disabled. Can be programmed to reset with **

• MOBILE ACTtVITY TIMER

Causes disconnect if mobile drives out of range. Can be set to 30, 45, 60, or 90 seconds.

• TOLL RESTRICT

The first digit dialed cannot be a "1" or a "0"* Rearms after dialing is complete.

• PHONE LINE IN USE INHIBIT

Prevents interrupting a call when the patch shares the telephone line with a tefephone.

• TOLL RESTRICT DEFEAT CODE

A special programmable code allows toll calls. Also allows access to line, even if line is in use.

• TONE OR PULSE DIALING

Switch programmable for Tone or Pulse dial- ing. Pulse dialing can be used on a tone line.

• HALF DUPLEX MODE

The VCS-2100 can be used as a repeater inter- connect in this mode.

Kenwood Compatabillty with VCS-2100. AH connections, required for instatlation are available at the MIC- connector on most late model Kenwood Transceivers. Interface cables are available from I.S.L

*aI

1215 H. OR 427, Suite 105 • Longwood. FL 32750 PHONE 407-332-0533 • TOLL FREE 800-633-3750

aecLE 100 ON reader service card

decoder. Two memorfes in each bank set up- per and lower scan limits. Memories may be locked oul from scanning, or hidden entirely*

Each band also has a *'call" memDi7« ac- cessible from the call key . This memory is just like the others, except (hat it doesn't get scanned* and you can access it with one key- press. It*s especially handy for simplex and hamfest use. It shares one quirk with the '41 1 : If you turn the dial on top of the radio while you are using the call memory, it transfers the frequency to the VFO, trashing whatever was there. The regular memories don't do that.

There are two VFOs for each band, for a total of four! That's a lotta VFOs. Of course, you can never be too rich, too thin, or have too many VFOs, and in a pinch, you can use them like extra memories.

As on the FT-41 1 , memory management is very ftexiWe. Memories can be fixed or tun- able, and you can perform various kinds of scanning and priority operations. But this ra- dio can do all of it on two bands at oncel You can be memory scanning on 2 meters while tiand scanning with sequential priority watch on 440! Jt may sound confusing, but it's easy to do. A muitiiasking microprocessor with the usual lithium battery backup makes it all pos* sibte.

The DTMF pad has a ten-number autodi- aler. The '41 1 also has this feature, and I have grown to love rt. If you're in walkie range of the lepsater* you 'If find yourself using it to dial friends while you drive, instead of trying to manually key the autopatch codes and phone number into your mobile rig.

Radio Performance

The receiver and transmitter operate well. The receiver seems considerably more sensi- tive on VHF than the '411 's, especially for public service band scanning. The IMOAA weather channel, which is fairly weak on my '41 1 , is full quieting and neady full scale on the '470^s LCD S-meter

There isn't much 440 activity here in north- western Vermont, so it is hard to check sen si* livity on that band. The local repeater, howev- er, comes in fine. The transmitter sounds crisp on the air. With the supplied battery^ it puts out 2.3 watts on both bands. At 12 volts, you get 5 watts. A "low" position cuts the output down to much less, saving battery power Interest- ingly, the high/low setting is specific to each band^ For instance, you can be set for high on 2 meters and low on 440, or any other combi- nation you desire.

The FT'470 can operate full duplex because it continues to receive on the subband even while transmitting on the main band. Hearing the receiver come to life while you're transmit- ting is an eerie experience that takes some getting used to. If you add a connection from the earphone jack to the mike jack (with appro- priate attenuation, of course), and key the ptt, you've got an instant crossband repeater! [Ed. note— The author recently became aware of a crossband repeater function, programmabte from the rig's keypad by turning on the HT while depressing the rpt key. Tests per- formed at 73 HQ, in which i and Jim KA t TGA QSOed via the 470 using a 2m HT and 70cm

20 73 Amateur Radio • DecembeM989

base station, respectively, confirmed the exis- tence of this function. We also confirmed KBiUhA's claim that the rig is locked in low power in this mode. (This was tikefy set since the high power setting in this mode could lead to receiver desense.) It also appears that Michaels suspicion is true that the audio be- tween bands in this mode is acoustically cou- pled (that is, the audio passes from speaker to mike}, since audio quality is considerably poorer at the end receivers when signals are 470-repeated, than ft is when the end rigs receive signals directly, and when the 2m HT received a 2m signal from the 470 wa the W2NSD/R repeater. Look for KBIUM's mod for better TX/RX signal coupling in crossband repeating with the 470 in an upcoming issue of 73.. Bry^nNSlB]

As received from Yaesu, the ng only cov- ered 144-148 MHz. There was no extended coverage, and nothing in the book about how

'Vnce extended, 2m

receive coverage is

130-180 MHz, and

transmit is 140-150

MHz. UHF coverage is

430-450 MHz/'

^

to extend it. I tried the reset procedure used on the '41 1 , and after about five tries, it worked! If you need to extend the receiver, just turn off the rig; hold down both arrow keys; then turn it back on. If it still tunes only 144-148. do it again until it works. Of course^ all the frequen- cies in memory will be lost and require re-en- try. Once extended, receive coverage is 130- 180 MHz, and transmit is 140-150 MHz. UHF coverage is 430^460 MHz. I am not aware of any way to extend it*

Problems

The FT-470 is a very nice radio. It has ad- vanced features and. with its abilrty to monitor both bands at once, is like having two radios in one small, handy box. There are some prob- lems, however, about which yoy should be aware, to make your operation as smooth as possible.

When monitoring both bands at once, the IF "whoosh" noise from the band not being re- ceived leaks into the audio of the received signal, it's not nearly as bad as if the squelch were truly open on both bands, but it is fairly objectionable.

There are two ways to avoid this. You can either turn the subband off (which is fine if the signal you're receiving is on the main band), or you can rotate the balance control toward the band you want.

By the way, there is no indication on the display of which band is being received! If you're monitoring both bands and you get a call, you must either rotate the dial or turn off the subband to see on which band the signal

lies. Otherwise, you may respond on the wrong band! In future models Vaesu should consider using a blinking dot or other icon next to each frequency to neatly avoid this kind of confusion.

On the FT-41 1 . rotation of the dial temporar- ily disables the battery saver, so that you can hear channel activity as you pass through the frequencies or memories. On the '470. that function was omitted (although the saver dis^ ables properly during automated scanning operations). Thus, you can turn the knob through all your memories, or a segment of the band, and the frequencies wilt appear va- cant even though they may be bursting with activityt You have to turn the saver off to correct the problem.

The battery saver also seems to "miss" sometimes, taking up to ten times as long as it should to notice a signal I've seen it wait as much as ten seconds before opening up on a signal thai was there the whole lime. I suspect that it doesn't wake the rig up long enough for the PLL to reliably lock, although that's only a guess. The receive light will flash on each saver cycle (such as 0.5 seconds), but the squelch won't open. Again, the fix is to shut the saver off.

As on the FT-4M, the receive audio is not very good. The '470 has the same speaker and grille, and benefits greatly from the Kaboom Audio Enhancer described in my FT-41 1 review { 73, June 1 989). (See Figure t .)

The audio makes a substantial "pop" when the squelch opens, which makes it painful when using an earphone. It's no big deal how- ever, in normal speaker operation.

As on the '41 1 . the low battery icon gives almost no warning at all before the battery dies. I clocked it at 20 seconds from the time the icon blinked (during transmit on high pow- er) to total radio shutdown.

The rig has the same annoying keypad beeper, with its double beeps and tunes. You can turn it off without losing the auto power OFF warning beeper.

There's a rubber plug flush with the right side of the rig. Pulling it revealed a hole obvi- ously meant for a coaKiai DC power jack (which would be nice to have). Yaesu current- ly doesn*t install this jack on the '470.

Future Fixes

I spoke with Chip Margelli, Vice President of Marketing for Yaesu USA. He confirmed the company^s awareness of the squelch leak and battery saver problems, but said that there were no fixes at this time. He did say, howev- er, that when solutions became available, Yaesu would fix any FT*470s sent to them.

Conclusion

All in all. the '470 is a very nice radio. If you don't plan on lots of dual-band monitoring, and are willing to work around the battery saver, you'll probably be very happy with it. lt*s small, powerful and offers more flexibiiity than you*re ever likely to need!

Michael Geier KB 1 UM is 73 's troubleshooting '*Ast Kaboom" columnist. You can reach him at 7 Simpson Court, S. Burlington VT 05403.

I

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PS- 15 20A external power supply 1 75.00 159''^

PS- 30 Systems p/s w/cord. Spin plue 349 00 319** iB Mobile mount, 735/ 75 1 A/ 761 A„., 25 99

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S(l#-8 Desk mic - two cables, Scan....,,

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Number 7 dn your Feedback card

Two Meter Mobile Rig

Turn yourHT into a40W, 2m mobile rig.

by Mike Gray N8KDD

The F rob I cm

For several monlhs I had been using my 2 meter HI as a mobile rig, h worked, but [ coiiiptained trequenlly about the low RF power, poor audio quality in a mobile envi- ronment, and the tiny extension mierophtjne. I really wanted a rugged mobile rig* but I couldn't jusiity the expense.

The Answer

My solution was to consiruet a **iTiGdule** consisting of an RF power amplifier, a com- fortable microphone, and a large speaker. Construction was easy and the cost low. I was able to salvage several of the components.

The enelosure is an extruded aluminum box with removable panels and circuit board slots. The external dimensions are 6.5 L x 5.5W X 2.5 D. You c^n buy a similar enclo- sure at the larger electronic supply houses or through the mail.

I simply drilled appropriately-sized holes in the end panel for the connecttirs and perfo- rated the top panel to serve as a speaker grill.

Amplirii^r Assembly

The amplifier is a kit from Ramsey Elec- tronics. Pertbrmance is just as advertised, and assembly was easy, I have a few com- pkiintSt however.

The instructions arc complete* but not clear. The text is partially handwritten, and if you follow the order of component installa- tion* you end up having to do some de solder- ing. It's best to lit the pans on the board first, then decide on the ordcrof assembly . I found that the kit came together the most easily in this order:

1 ) RF transistor

2) Trimmer capacitors 3 1 Inductors (coils) 4) Coaxial cable

I also bought the optiotial RF^scnsed relay kit, which includes a nice pre* tinned circuit board. The relay in the kit will work, but I decided not to use it because it appeared to be too fragile for the task. The terminals wet% loose in the base, and tt was difficutt to distin- guish one contact set from another. I used a better looking (and more expen- sive) relay obtained, along with the alu- minuni enclosure^ from Newark Elec- tronics, 480) N. Ravens wood Ave., Chicago, IL 60640-1084; (312)^784- 5KK). The relay is a general purpose type made by Potter Brum Held.

it is in^ponani to install a large alu- minum heal sink on the amplifier board and attach it to the enclosure,

22 73 Amsfeur Radio • December. 1989

Speaker and Relay

I installed a 3-inch speaker in the aluminum enclosure, attaching it with butyl tape. This installation method may raise a few eye- brows, but it\s really a very good way to mount a speaker to an irregular surface. Butyl tape is a bead of very sticky rubber compound used to install windshields. Most glass shops use less than one roll per job, so they have many partial rolls as scrap. A whole roll costs about five dollars, and it has many uses. Cut butyl tape only with a pair of diagonal cutters. The tape will stick to scissors, and you can't tear it off.

Peel some tape off the roll and siiick it around the perimeter of the speaker. Deter- mine placement in the enclosure, then care- fully press the speaker into place. Be sure you have it in the right place before pressing — removal is difficult!

The relay I chose has 4 contact sets. Only two were needed for the RF, so I used the other two for TX RX indicators. I used two LEDs bceau.se I had them, but one LED which would change color as a function of polarity would be neater,

TheMfcrophiifie

You'll likely pul! a mike off of an old CB rig. Most CB microphones are 600-8(KJQ. Measure the resistance of an unknown mike with an ohmmeter. The PTT switch and mi- crophone element are in series, and the cor- rect pins can he determined by finding the two which have a resistance of 600-8000 with the PTT switch depressed for take it apart and lot>k at il), Yaesu HTs have an audio input impedance of 2 200D, Consult the

Parts List
1 power amplifier kit	Ramsey Electronics PA^i
1 RF sensed relay kit	Ramsey Bectronics TR-1
1 atuminym enclosure
1 SO speaker . 3-irtch	RS 40-248
1 mtcropl^one	RS 21-1172
1 S0239 bu 1 k head connector	RS 278-201
1 miniature phone plug	RS 274-286
1 submi mature phone plug	RS 274-289
1 chassis mount micfophone
connector	RS 274-002
1 BNC socket, bulkhead type	RS 278-105
2 coaxial power jacks	RS 274-1563
2 coaxiaJ power plugs	RS 274-1569
1 dual color LED
1 1600Q resistor	V* watf
1 6200 resistor	i^watt*
1 BNC patch cable	NPN
1 18-tnchienglh RG-53
coaxial cable	RS 278-1326
1 5-inch length of RG^1 74
coaxial cable	optional
(RG-S8 will work just finej
' Not critical Improvise, if rtecessaryf

manufacturer or owner's manual for the input impedance of other radios. Then* add a resis- tor between the radio and microphone* equal to the difference between the impedance of

the microphone and the impedance of the radio.

[n my case, I had to install a 1 ,6kn resistor in series to match the mdio*s 2.2kD input impedance:

Audio input impedance

— Microphone impedance

— Resistor value 22O0O - 600O = 1 600O

The pin assignments arc industry' standard. Connect the pins on the left side (as viewed from the pin-end of the cord connector) of the .. index key to the audio input ( see Figu re 1 >. J

I then removal the mike connector, speak- er, and SO-239 connector from the CB radio, and gav c the rest of il to m\ nine-y earmold son for funher disassembly. If you have to buy ■ these componenLs, they shouldn't cost more than 20-25 doilars.

Final Assembly

I used a dry cell case to connect the radio to a 12 volt source on the amplifier hoard. The case is easy to drill, and a coaxial power jack fits nicely in the side. I used the same size power jack for both the dry cell case and the power connector on the enclosure, so I could use the radio on tow power without the ampli- fier.

I have 3 different types of cables which

provide a 12 volt source. All three have a

coaxial power connector on one eiKJ, One

cable has a lighter pi tig, another has alligator

clips, and the third is hard^wired and

rcmainsin the truck.

I have more than one HT* so I decid- ed to mount one semi -permanently . us- ing double-adhesive foam. Though well-secured* I can remove it easily if 1 have to. There are many more ways to mount the radio, such as with hook- and-loop fasteners, or even attaching a soft case to the enclosure so you can slip the radio in and out.

I now have a reliable 40 watt mobile radio with excellent audio and a tnicro- phone that won't get lost or inadver- tently keyed, (I later added a simple switch in series with the relay coil to provide a high/low power selection-) Using some salvaged ci>mpi>nents. the total cost was $44. Not bad at all for mobile QRO from an HT!

You mux cofmui Mike Gray N8KDD at

465 W. Maple Rd. . Milford Ml 48042.

ma :;;:?=•

RG-5S

ttaVDC fUSED (fQAJ

CHASSIS

C0Nt4£CTOffS

ALUMIMUM ENCLOSURE

Figure /. Schematic for the HT booster. Cost for all the parts is less than $50!

Photo A. N8KDD s mobile station setup. The Hi is the Yaesu 23R.

Photo B, fnside the 40W booster.

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73 Amateur Radio * December, 1989 23

tstumber S on your Feedback card

Poor Boy Satellite Station

Coat-hanger hamsat operation!

by Allan J. Fox IV N5LKJ

r

My satellite chasing began about a year ago, when Cad Koiila WD5JRD, my neighbor, asked me to attend the Houston COM-VENTION ^87 with him. There I met Jack Douglas KA5DNP and Andy MacAliistcr WASZFB who were giving a talk on amateur sateHites. Jack explained that the Russian satellites RS-10/1 1 were in a nearly circular, tow earth orbit, and did not require expensive equipment or elaborate antennas to operate.

Although I am only a neophyte sateliite chaser, I have the satisfac- tion of having helped several hams become avid satcUite enthusiasts on a limited budget.

Original Ground Plane Antenna Station

My station at the time consisted of a 25 Watt, 2 meter all-mode transceiver and a home-brewed ground plane antenna in the attic, similar to one men- tioned in the ARRL Hafidbook, I built my antenna in about fif- teen minutes out of five coaE hangers and a used SO-239 chas- sis connector. The to- tal cost was less than a dollar.

First, T cut the hooks off the five coat hangers and straightened them

out, forming five straight pieces of coated steel wire. To allow a good electrical connec- tion^ I put one end of each wire into the hot coals in our fireplace to burn the paini off.

The next step was to solder the bare end of one of these wires into the center conductor of an SO-239 chassis connector to form a vertical radiator. Then, with the aid of needle-nose pliers, I bent a loop in the bare end of the other four wires. This allowed me to attach them to the mounting holes in the SO-239 with four §6-32 W machine screws and nuts. These wires were then bent down at a 45 degree angle to serve as radials.

At this point all that remained was to cut

24 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

Two-meter home-brew ground plane antenna.

Frequencies of RS-1 0/1 1 ,	Mode A
	Transponder RS-10
	Downlink (MHz)		uplink {MHz)
Beacon	29.357
Transponder bandpass	29.360-.400 Transponder RS^1 1		14S.S60-.900
	Downiintk		Uplink
Beacon	29.407
Transponder bandpass	29.410^.450		1 45.91 0-.950

all the wires to the proper length. With a tape, I measured each radial 20-3/16 inches and cut them. Then I measured the vertical radiator 19-5/16 inches and cut it. Since I intended to hang this antenna in the attic, I had to cut an extra Vi inch from the vertical and install a ring lug to use as a hanger. However, yoti could just as easily bend an eye in it.

Now, it was time to connect the feed line and check the standing wave ratio (SWR), Without any adjustments, the SWR stayed below 2: i throughout the band.

Total investment in this antenna was less than $1.00 and about fifteen minutes con- struction time.

Now for tlie Downlink

According to Jack and Andy's presentation, my station contained half the requirements to work RS- lO/U— the uplink on Mode A. Since Mode A is 2 meters upper sideband, or CW uplink, with a 10 meter downlink, all I needed was a 10 meter receiver and antenna,

I bought an old Swan 350B transceiver for $50. All I needed was a iO meter antenna to get on RS-10/ 11!

While searching the garage for antenna materials, I found an old piece of 12/2 type NM wire, more commonly called Romex. I stripped the Romex to bare copper, and attached it to shon pieces of PVC pipe used as insulators. After making a simple 10 meter dipoie antenna, I stretched it in the attic and connected it to the Swan, My Poor Boy Satellite Station was al- most ready to go on the air!

Fiftding and Working the Birds

There are several ways to do this. The first and easiest is to ask an avid satellite enthusiast when and where the next good orbit for your QTH will be. Another method is to use a computer with the appropriate soft- ware. (See tht; May *89 issue of 75 for com- parisons of different tracking programs.) We didn*t have a computer in our household, but we did have a calculator. Therefore, my method w^as to tune in the beacon frequency and wail until I heard it. This can be tedious, but I have done it several times.

First, tune in 29.357 MHz for the RS-10 beacon, and wait until you hear the beacon transmitting a series of dots and dashes. This indicates that the satellite is in your '* win- dow "—that is, your range. You need to work fast because with the optimum pass (direct overhead pass) you will have oniy 20 minutes with the bird. Note the time and tune through the downlink band, 29.360-29.400 MHz,

Nuinber 1 £ on your FeeifiMcfc canJ

73 Review

by Larry R. Antonuk WB9RRT

Breadblox Breadboarding System

Experimenters, take note!

Elenco Electronics

1 50 West Carpenter Avenue

Wheeling IL 60090

(312)541--3800

Pric^ Class: $19-$29 pef unit

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It

r/?e comptete six^tox Bwadbtox system— a circuit expeiimenter's paradise!

It's probably been quite a while since any- one '"breadboarded" up a circuit on an ac- tual breadboard, but the name ^s still with us. Since that time, experimenters have tried spnng-loaded clips, styrofoam blocks, you name it— anything to make it easier to test circuit ideas, The current state-oRhe-hobby is represented by the white rectangular "proto boards/' those interconnected wonders that eagerfy accept DIP ICS- These boards even come in desktop enclosures, complete with power supplies, function generators, and sev* eral-hundred-dollar price tags. Prebuilt bread- board working stations are great, provided you have the cash and the room to store them in. But what about the guy who doesn't have space in the apartment to set up a work- bench? Or the tow-budget hobbyist? Is he sttick with his flea market function generator and "proto board," taped to the kitchen table?

Every once in a whtle« someone comes along with a blend of existing ideas that solves several different problems at once. The engi- neers at Elenco Etecuonics have done just that. They've taken the plain old "proto tK>ard** and spun rt together with some space age surface-mount technology. The result rs a series of "Fynction Blox" that snap onto their regular ''proto boards."

The benefits are many. The Breadblox sys- tem is small — four different Function Blox and two Bread Biox {proto boards) will collapse into the same space as a small paperback book. Breadblox all interlock, making for an

integrated, easy to move system (an important point for apartment dwetlers). They're inex- pensive, but provide quality performance. Un- like complete breadboarding systems, Bread* btox can be purchased one piece at a time. If you already have 3 logie probe there's no need to pay for another— j^st buy what you need.

''Having this

much capability at

your fingertips makes

breadboarding fun

again/'

The Btox

There are six different Function Blox. identi- cal in form and color to a standard proto board. The system is powered by a small Power Blox. This snaps to the other Blox, and provides + 5, -5. and + 1 2 volts for design use and to power the other modules. (The pov/er is actually pro- duced by a plug-in wall transformer, connect- ed by a cable.)

Resistor and capacitor decade boxes are also available. Twenty resistance values from 47Q to 1 megohm are available, along with a 100k pot. The Capacitor Blox provides 20

caps from 47pF to TO tiF. Unlike the standard

decade box configuration, these units have more than one output. The Resistor Blox has an output for the low values, one for the high values, and one for the pot. The Capacitor BloK has a high and low output, and a 1 pF and 10 pF fixed output. This means that you can actually use four caps at once from one decade Bk>x,

As far as active devices go , the Digital Ck>ck Blox provides a system dock function. Output frequencies from 1 Hz to 50 MHz are avail- able. In addition, you can lock the untt to an external crystal of your choice. The Function Generator Blox produces sine and square waves from 0*1 Hz to 1 MHz. and can t>e frequency or amplitude modulated. And, if you don't have your own logic prot>e. the Logic Probe Blox consists of a 1 .5 MHz k^gic probe, and four LEO logic level indicators.

The Elenco Electronics Breadblox system is a low-cost, high-quality, well-designed product. Having this much capability at your fingertips makes breadboarding fun again. And who knows, maybe in fifty years we'll alt tje^bloxing" up our circuits!

tarry Antonuk W&9RRT has written nunmr- ous reviews on test equipment and etecUonlcs books for 73 Magazine. He currently works as a project manager for a iand mobile service shop in Keene NH, Contact hfm at 29 Forrest Dr. P.O. Box 452, Martborough NH 03455.

73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989 25

N um be r 9 o n youf Feedback card Con turned from page 24

73 Book Review

by Andy MacAUister WAS7JB

Communications Satellites

A Monitor's Guide

Communications Saieliiics— A Monitor's Guide

by Larry V'ju Horn

Third Edition, 1987

Grove Enterprises

POBox98

Brasslown NC 28902

Where can you find more satelltte data? Righl in Larry Van Horn's third edition of Ccmmiunivatloas SaitdUes, Within the large paper- backus 255 pages. Larry covers virtuaJly every type of space communications from bamsats lo the Soviet manned^^pace program. Detailed in forma- tion on any satellite, whether ii*j^ historical infor- mation on Telsiar I or cumeni miUtar}- FleeLsatcom fnsqucncy data, is right here. For thoi^^e nine items thai may have slipped by the author, there are dozens of references included in the appendi?^.

Complete Coverage

Even if you're familiar with smell iic monitoring, don't pass up the first chapter. The mater ta I may surprise you willi its complete explanation of satel- lite monitoring needs. Although it's written so the newcomer won't get losl^ it also presents informa- tion everyone needs for successful listening. Re- ceivers, antennas, and accessories are examined for modcji from CW to TV* and for frequencies from the low MHz through the high GHz.

Of particular interest to hams is the section on the amateur satellite program. There is remark- ably accurate and complete historical coverage from the birth of OSCAR 1 (Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio) to the frequency charts of AMSAT OSCAR 13. Since the bi^^k^s publica- tion date two years ago. a few AMSAT nets have changed, but the 20 meter net h a constant source of up-to-date haittsat news every Sunday at I90D UTC on 14.282 MHz.

Spsice \ fissions V\^ll-]Jocurnented

The ham-in*space activities of Owen Ganiott W5LFL and Tony England W0ORE arc well- documented. The sometimes forgotten misa^ion of DF0SL on the Challenger shuttle h explained tn detaJL along with little-known facts about the ob- scure Russian ISKRA hantsats.

I found my ^If enthralled with the eiiapters de- scribing weather j^lelliies and domestic TV satei- tites. The abuinlant use ut photon and figures makes a dnimatic presentation. The equipment require- ments listing for weather and TV satellite monitor- ing is &ketchy« but satellite frequencies and trans- mission format listings are quite complete.

Material covering the mi^inned space programs of the US and the Soviet Union is exciting, aitd in-

26 73 Amateur Radio • December. 1989

Communications -^C

SATEUifES -. ^

liidO

Thtfd

Lanv Van Horn

spires an urgent de.sirc lo listen in. While the Soviet Mir space station activities on 145.55 MHz are too recent for coverage in the book, many of the fre- quencies used for normal communications to ground stations with official mission operations arc listed and their purposes explained.

Intercepting the Military

The lure of catching transmissions from US military satellites is satisfied by the lists of frequen^ cies used by the various branches of the armed services for both communications and remote de- tection satellites. A Yaesu FRG-9600or an ICOM IC-7000 covers the UHF bands.

InfoTination on the Soviet unmanned satellites is hard to find. In one chapter, the author ha^ com- piled enough historical data mixed with pertionai observations to help the enthusiast to ferret out Russian signals from space and identify them. Many of the frequencies used by the Soviets are available on reasonably priced VHF receivers, Geoffrey Perry, of the now^famous satellite sleuthing Kettertng Group in England, has spent over three dec^ides pursumg Soviet and Eastern Bloc satellites.

Hh infltience is apf^ient rn this section of the book. The satellite histor\ and compelling volume of satellite data overshadow the somewhat disorga- nized presentation of some chapters and the rather curious typesetting flaws. After the first reading, the book becomes an invaluable reference.

With frequency lists that go from low HF to ^Hight/* jtist paging through the appendix is capti- vating, Christmas is coming. Put this book on your list, or t)etter yet. buy it now and tell Santa about some new rigs and antennas

while listening for QSOs. Catlsigns of bird usei^ will usually give you an idea whether the satellite's orbit is tracking from north to south or from south to north. Each orbit pro- gresses 26.4 degrees west of the preceding orbit. Also, each orbit takes 105 minutes.

Now tune the radic^ to 145,870 MHz CW uplink and 29,380 MHz downlink* and put on a head^t. Since satellite operation is full duplex, wearing a headset is a good practice. Feedback can be unbearable without one.

Second, transmit your callsign. and then send a siring of dots on CW— just long enough to find your signal. Adjust the down- link frequency for the best copy. Keep the string of dits as short as possible so that, if you discover your downlink is on top of a QSO, ymi QRM that QSO for no longer than absolutely necessary . Adjust your uplink fre- quency up or down, following with the down- link tuning tn step until you find a clear down- link channel. Now you are ti:ady to call CQ and stand by for your first satellite QSO. If you want to operate phone, be sure to change to the USB mode.

Doppler shift is minimaK but noticeable, on Mode A. You will hear sotnc frequency shift of your signaL and you'll have to com- pensate your downlitik frequency slightly . A linle practice^ and youTl be accurately guess- ing the location of the downlink signal,

Siinijnan'

RS-10/1 1 are low-orbit satellites (only 600 miles up)— one of the reasons why you can work them with a simple setup. On one occa- sion my Swan was in for repair, and while a friend was tuning it, we copied a QSO on RS- 1 1 . The Swan was connected only to a dead-end piece of RG-S8 coax in his attic with no antenna. Although a preamp helps for RS operation, you usually don't need it.

These satellites do have some drawbacks. Since they are in a low orbit above the earth, the optimum pass gives you only 20 minutes of access to the bird. Definitely not much lime for ragchewing! I have made, however^ as many as four contacts on a pass. Also due lo the low orbit, the satellite '^footprint''— the area on Earth from which hamsaiters can access the bird at a given point in the orbit- has a radius of only 1500 miles. Even with dial, however, you can work most stateside hams to get WAS (Worked All States) via these birds from my QTH near Houston* Te?Las, and trom other mid-western states.

RS-10/1 1 have several modes of operation other than Mode A* such as Mode K, Mode T. combination Modes KA and KT, and the ROBOT (or QSO machine). However, I have no experience with these. Remember, the control on license-class requirements is the uplink frequency! This makes it possible for even a Novice to operate CW when RS-IO is in either Mode K or Mode T.

Good luck! And don't laugh at my poor boy operation. At 10162 on 25 November 1988, with only 25 Watts into the coat hangers, I made contact and had a QSO with Musa Man- arov U2MIR on 145 550 MHz FM direct, while he was on board the Russian Space Station Mir. Sec you on RS- 10/ 1 1 !

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73 Review

by Michael Jay Geier KBl UM

The ICOM IC-2SAT

JCOM Amenca. (nc.

2380-116mAve. N.E. Bellevue WA 98004 Tel. (206) 454-7619

Price Class: $440

One of the world's smallest full-featured HTs.

Can a walkle ever be too smalF? Not as far as this op is concerned. The snrTaller the better! So t was especially excited to get to try out a littte beauty, the new ICOM tC-2SAT.

The operative word here is "wow." The pic- tures in the ads don't do justice to the com- pactness of this thing. At first gfance, it looks like a toy. H doesn't feel like one< thougti. The front is firm plastic, and the back is metal and serves as the heatsink for the RF output stage (as with most new rigs). The radio is very solid and, at about 10 ounces (!)« ft seems hefty for its SiZB. ft is somewhat thicker than most smalf rigs, and has a contoured, sculpted shape, resulting in an unusual, but attractive, appear- ance. It fits beautifully in your hand, JCOM has pafd great attention to the cabinet design, and it shows, the fit and finish being the best I have yet seen in a mini-rig.

After *'wow/* your next thought may be, "Where's the battery?" Indeed, there is no battery included in the shippmg box. This ra* dio has an INTERNAL battery. Yep, this tiny HT is totally self-contained! It has only a 300 mA-hour capacity, though, so ICOM wisely offers optional batteries, in various voltages and current ca pad ties, which snap on the t>ot* tom of the rig in the convenitonaf manner.

Good Looking with Nice Touches

The supplied rubber duck is thin, flexible, and somewhat longer than most provided with today's small rr^. In fact, it is slrghtly longer than the entire radio. No doubt, il has a bit more gain (perhaps less loss Is a better de- scription) than the * 'stubby" ducks usually employed, and that's important here because the rig is rated at only 1 ^/z watts output on high power with the internal battery. The package includes a belt clip (though 1 can't imagine wanting to put such a small rig anywhere but in a pocket), a wrist straps wall charger, and a fairly well-written manual with a full schemat* ic. Afso included fs a crib sheet, a very handy item with a rig this complex. Various options, from the batteries to speaker-mikes and carry- ing cases, are available.

The top of the radio has the antenna con- nector, squelch, votume, and "dial" knobs. Also located on top are the DC input, mike, and earphone jacks. The DC jack permits di- rect operation up to 16 volts (meaning you can piug it into your car cigarette lighter or a DC power supply) and internal battery charging.

On tfie rig's left side are round, rubberized PTT and FUNCTION buttons^ which have an es- pecially nice feel The light button, which is also used for a few seldom-performed pro- gramming operations, is on the right side. The mike and speaker are located In the middle.

with the keypad below them. The keypad has very tiny keys, but they are welf separated from each other and easy to press. They are afso set in from the front, making accidental keypresses unlikely. It's a nice touch.

Readout Display

The LCD is uety large and easy to read. although it loses contrast untess viewed from the bottom. The display shows frequency, ± offset (called "duplex"), memory channel number, power output selection, S-units, arKJ other assorted operaimg data. It is a 5'/^ digit display, with no "0" or "5" at the end of the frequency. To display frequencies ending in a 5, a small "50" appears. Many new rigs are taking this approach, and I do not see the advantage: a fully displayed frequency avoids ambtguity and is easier to read.

For night operation, a press of the light button illuminates the display with an unusual deep reddish-orange color generated by two LEOs. one on each side of the LCD. It's very pretty, but not overly bright. II should be ade- quate In most situations. The lamp circuit has a timer that keeps the display lit for a few seconds after the last keypress, or you can turn it off manually by pressing the ught but- ton again. The keypad buttons do not light up.

Alternate Frequency Entry

Another recent trend has been toward the inclusion of a "dial" knob on top of the rig. and this is a good thing. It began with the Yaesu FT-23R, which did not have direct keypad fre- quency entry, making the knob essentiaL Now. even direct-entry rigs like the IC-2SAT have the knobs, and they are very handy, per* mitting easy selection of memories and CTC- SS tones, as well as an alternate method of frequency entry.

This rig has provisions for CTCSS boards (an encoder or encoder/decoder) and a DTMF decoder. Neither is included. The new DTMF feature permits coded squelch using the tones generated by any rig with a keypad. Thus, you can use it to ignore any station not transmit- ting your personal code. You can use it with multiple codes, and even display them on the LCD so you know who's calling! This could prove very handy in large cities where re- peater overcrowding makes continuous moni- toring tedious To my knowledge, the IC*2SAT is the first handheld to incorporate such a decoder.

Memory Management

The rig has 4B memories which store fre- quency and offset including a handy ''calf" memory accessible with one keypress. They

r _

^ -. I

The tCOM IC-2SAT, the uiiimalB in miniatur- izatton.

are fix-tuned. That is. they cannot be used like separate VFOs. {The contents of any memory can easily be transferred to the VFO» though,) The first 10 can hold odd offsets, but not inde- pendently entered RX and TX frequencies; you must know the offset The other memories use whatever offset has been programmed into the VFO. The choice of up or down* of course, remains independent.

Memory management, white fairly flexible, is also a bit unusual. There are four banks of 1 0 memories each. To get to a memory in your cun^ent t>ank, all you need to do ts press its numljer on the keypad. (You must, of course, be in memory mode first.) To get to a memory in another bank, use the dial knob to step through all the memones in between, or press the MR key until the bank appears. Once you have selected the memory bank, enter the last digit from the keypad.

Here"s an example: You are at memory 3 and you want to go to 28. Press mr key until the "tens" digit becomes a 2. Then press 8 on the keypad. It's a bit less convenient than simply pressing "28" and then mr, but it's not hard to get used to.

Skipping and Scanning

Memories can be skip-scanned or hidden entirety. They can also be used to make the

73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989 29

VFO skip certain frequencies during band scanning, another feature I had never seen before. In fact, the frequencies of memories set for skip-scan will also be skipped during VFO scan. Il seems like a good idea, bul ii doesn't really work too well because the rig stops on adjacent frequencies.

The IC-2SAT has several kinds of scanning, including full-band scan, programmabie lirnit- ed-band scan, memory scan and priority watch. Memohes are scanned at about 3 per second, a bil slow by today*s standards. (VFO scanning is significantly faster, but still not zippy .) A twist of the dial knob lets you change scan drreciion at wiil All memories are scanned together, as if in one bank. You can mix modes For example, you can have the priority watch check a new memory each time it checks, combining memory scan and priori- ty watch in one operation.

In Addition. . .

You can set the automatic power-off feature to shut the fig down after 20. 40 or 60 minutes of inactivity. It warns you with four beeps, and Ihe warning works even if the keypad beeper ts shut off. The beeper, by the way, is soft and unobtrusive. 11 is one of the few made today that I like to keep turned on.

The timer function includes a reaf-time clock, and you can set it to turn the radio on at a preset time. The battery saver interval can be set for y% second, 2 seconds, or off. This seems a bit limited. A choice of around one second would have been nice.

Where most HTs have a reve/se button, the IC'2SAT has one called moni. On simplex, it simply opens the squelch. When youVe using an offset, however, it shifts to the TX frequen- cy too! It's nice if you want to check the input frequency of a repeater. If, on the other hand, you just want to open the squelch because the repeater's sigr^al is weak, you'll have to use the squelch knob. Also, you cannot transmit on the reversed frequency pair, as you can with a normal reverse switch.

The rig has a 10-number by 15-digil autodi- aTter. While sending, it keeps the rig keyed for the duration of the number, even if you let go of the PTT. Also, you hear the tones as ihey are transmitted. Programming numbers is faiHy stfatghtfonAfard, but sending them is not. If you happen to have already selected the auto- dialler memory you want, then you simply press the dtmf button with the ptt down, and the number is sent. If, however, you need a different number, you must first go to dtmf memory mode, select the desired memory, exit that mode, press ptt and then dtmf. This requires five keystrokes, nearly as many as most numbers! This complexity limits the use- fulness of the autodialler unless you usually use only one number anyway.

Radio Performance

The receiver, which covers 138-174 MHz. is very good. It is reasonably sensitive and selective, and the sensitivity holds up very well outside the ham band. The received au- dto sounds surprisingly good tor the size of the rig. An experiment with a Kaboom Audio En- hancer (see the Yaesu FT-41 1 review on page

30 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

14 of the June "89 issue of 73) improved the audio even more, but the enhancer probably isn't necessary with this radio.

The transmitter, which covers 140-150 MHz, IS rated at 1 ,5 watts output on high pow- er when you are using the internal battery. At 1 3.8 volts, you get more than live watts output. Reports regarding the transmitted audio sug- gest that it is clear, but a bit tin ny and underde- viated. Overall, il was considered quite ac- ceptable, but not great. It may be that the deviation is an adjustable parameter, bul I have no way to know.

Nit Picks

This rig has many advanced features, some common ones seem to have been left out. There is no low-battery warning of any kind. When the battery dies, attempts to transmit result in a flashing display, with no RF output. At that point, of course, it's too late.

In addition, there is no auto (ARRL band plan) repeater shift, a common feature on new HTs. Here, you must set the offset memory. Speaking of repeater shifts, offsets are avail- able only in 25 kHz steps. You can't, for exam- ple, enter in a 610 kHz shift. Vm not aware, however, of any repeaters with offsets that are not a multiple of 25 kHz; all the ones Tve used have the standard (600 kHz) or 1 MHz split. Also, the display doesn't Indicate the status of the auto power off and battery saverfunctions. You have to go to set mode to find out if they're on or off.

The manual doesn't have any Instructions on how to receive outside the ham band. When entering frequencies from the key- board, only the last four digits are accepted. so getting out of the 14X,XXX band seems impossible. In fact, the rig is already set up (or extended coverage, but you can't get to il directly. You must first select the lO-MHz digit with the quick-tuning-step function by press- ing the function button and rotating the dial knob. When you've got the one you want, you then either continue using the dial knob, or you enter the last four digils from the keypad. The whole thing is very inconvenient.

You write memories by holding down the MR/MW key while pressing the function key. You must hold it down for about one second, and entry is confirmed with a series of beeps. With the keypad beeper turned off, you can*i tell whether entry is complete, because noth- ing happens on the display.

The displayed initEals for some of the modes and functions are odd, and unexplained in the tjook. For example, the offset is "OW" and frequency skip is *^ps/* ifs hard to remember this stuff if you are never told what it means.

Many programming procedures are compli- cated, and not all are consistent. For instance, most modes are terminated by pressing clr, but the clock setting mode is terminated by pressing ptt. cur won't work. Some proce- dures require holding the light button and a keypad button while turning the ng on. ICOfwI's walkies use procedures very different from those of the other mapr manufacturers, and m alt fairness. I haven'l had that much experience with the ICOMS- I suspect that if you have owned or used other tCOM HTs. this

unit will be fairiy easy to learn, tf not. though, you're in for some surprises, and you will prob- ably want to keep the crib sheet in your wallet.

The review unit did not come with the CTC- SS or DTy F decoder boards, so I wasn't able to test those functions. However, the other- wise well-written manual is extremely confus- ing in the sections describing the use of the DTMF decoder, and I just couldn't make heads nor tails of it. For instance, two modes. pager and code squeich, are offered ^ each with its own programming procedures. Except that one uses 7 digits and the other uses 3, 1 couldn't see the difference i>etween ihem. Perhaps if I coutd have tried the procedures, they would have made more sense.

ICOK/t's ads list the power output as 2 watts, yet the specs in the book list il as 1 ^/i watts. The actual power, as measured on my dummy load/wattmeter (admittedly no laboratory stan- dard) was about 1.75 watts. Also, there are four power level settings available, but only two work with the internal battery- The other two work at higher voltages, such as from a car battery.

The back of the rig gets significantly warmer at 175 watts output than does my Yaesu FT- 411 at 2.5 watts. This, and the very quick battery depletion, lead me to wonder whether the transmitter efficiency might be low. There are no current drain specs given for normal 7,2-volt operation (the only specs are for 13.8- volt use), so I can't know for sure.

As with most exiended-receive rigs, there are some birdies and spurious responses, all well outstde the ham band. In particular, a local Ff^ radio station appears repeatedly in the 160 MHz band. None of these anomalies should affecl normal use.

Unlike all I he other microprocessor walkies fve used, this one does not use a standard lithium battery for backup. Instead, a rechargeable lithium battery is used. This might seem like a good idea, but the manual states that this battery will go dead and empty the memories about one week after the main battery is left discharged- So. H you run it down and then go out of town without it for a week. you may come home and find all 48 memories (and all your parameter programming) gone* ICOM may want to consider adding in 7*year lithium cells in future versions for memory/ parameter management,

A Terrific WlinJ-Rig

This is one nifty little radio. Cleariy, its great- est advantage is its size, suggesting that the best uses tor il are those which do not require an external battery. After all, once you hang a battery on the bottom, it isn't significantly smaller than other mini-rigs. If your usage is light, and especially if you can use low power (the company suggests that the internal bat- tery will be discharged quickly on high power, and they aren't kidding), this rig offers you the ultimate in miniaturization* Tm sure il will prove popular. ICOM's definitely got a winner in the iC-2SAT[

Michael Geier KBIUMis 73"s troubteshootmg "Ask Kaboom " cotumnisL You can reach htm at 7 Simpson Court. S. Burlington VT 05403.

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73 Review

by Kenny A. Chaffin WB9E

Ramsey QRP-40 Transmitter

Ramsey Electronics

793 Canmng Parkway

Victor NY 14564

Tet: 716-924-4560

Price Class: $30. Case kil: $13

Get a 40m transmitter quickly and easily with this kit.

Ramsey Electronics of Victor, New York, provides a painless way to get mvolved in QRP consiaiction and operaiion. They offer three 1-walt output QRP transmitter kits, tor 20m. 40m, and 80m. I first saw these kits advertised in 73 Magazine, and I called to find out more about them.

Fast Delivery

I ordered the 40m version, since lhat*s my favorite QRP band, arong with the case kit. When it arrived two days later, I could tiardly wait to heat up the old soldefing iron. Unfortunataty, I had to wait a bit. We have three kids all un- der three years otd, the most recent ad- dition being three weeks old. As you might imagine, this sometimes causes QRM with my hobbies.

Even so, I didn't waste any lime opening up the package and checking it out. Ttie case was machined and marked, and included the front panel knobs, but the connectors and switches were part of the QRP-40 kit. The case kit consists of the plastic case itself, cus- tom front and rear panels, and knobs for the controls which come In the transmitter kit. Having a custom case, though not esseotiat, simplifies and completes a project. I was pleased with everything I saw,

Design and Tuning

The QRP-40 arrived in a plastic bag de-

Pholo A. Component side board of the QRP-40 transmitter. Parts installatior} is easy since ihe board isnl crowded.

signed to hang on a pegboard display. The bag contained the 4" x 5" (100 x 127 mm) circuit board along with all of the other parts. The first thing I did was pull out the one-page instruction sheet and examine the circuit. It's a four-transistor transmitter design with a VXD arrangement. That it's a VXO circuit wasn't mentioned in the advertisement I saw. but it's explained in the Ramsey catalog.

I was immediately pleased that it allowed for two cry slats selectable by one of Itie fwo front panel controls. The other control is a poten- tiometer for toning the VXO, The instruction sheet indicated a tuning range of tO kHz,

which is about what could be expected from a VXO circuit on 40 meters.

It*$ disappointing that the crystal is fof 7150 kHz. nowhere near either the stan- dard 7040 kHz QRP frequency or the 7110 kHz Novice QRP frequency; If you want to operate the recognized QRP fre- quencies, you have to either order the right crystals or pull them out of other equipment. The supplied crystal is a standard HCld/U from Jan CrystalSp but the instructions say that almost any style will work.

Antenna

I thought I'd need an antenna switch to connect my vertical antenna to either the QRP-40 or my transceiver, as in the old days when I had a separate transmft- ter and receiver, but I didn't. The QRP- 40 has a builtnn diode switching arrangement that provides an antenna output to a receiver! Good job. guys.

Next^ I checked all the parts against the parts list. Some of the transistors come in a couple of flavors, but the variations are all listed, so it shouldn't cause any confusion. A couple of hand-written additions to the instruc- tion sheet concern the fesistor*tike inductors that are part of the kit. If you arenH familiar with this type of inductor, which looks almost like a resistor, it can confuse you. The most notable difference is that the inductors have silver bands on both ends and the color code n the middle.

QRP'40 Transmitter Kit
Power out	1 watt
Circuit	four transistors, crystal control
Controls	A/B crystal switch
	VXO tuning control
Power	12-14 VDC

Photo 6. Front. . , 32 73 Amateur Radio • December 1989

Photo C. . . and back panel of the QRP-40.

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After verifying thai nothing was missing. I carefully pul all the parts back in the bag a;id waited for an opportunity to begin.

Assembly

My chance came the following day. With the kids and wife napping. I sneaked to the base- ment and heated up the ol" Weller soldering iron. Even though the ORP-40 is a relatively simple circuit with about 50 parts, it Is by no means a Heathkit. It doesn't guide you step- by-step {e.g., ^Ifiseri R31 [red*brown-green| at position A12."), For this kit. you have to know what resistors and capacitors are, and how to read their values. The entire assembly mstructions consist of nine steps:

1 . Orient the circuit board.

2. Install jacks and switches.

3. Install capacitors,

4. Connect a 100Q resistor to a 220 mH in- ductor, and install as shown on the figure.

5. Install resistors (47k on solder side).

6. Install diodes and transistors.

7. Install Inductors.

8. Install crystal,

9. Check all solder connections.

The only difficulty was positioning a couple of {he transistors. Q2, in my kit, is almost round. It look me a second to find the flat side. The parts placement drawing was a great help in figuring this out. Q4. on the other hand, is almost square, It does, however, have a cou- ple of missing corners on one side. If you assume this is the rounded side, and the other side ftat. you'll have it right.

Unused holes on {he circuit board are indi- cated on the layout drawing, something often

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overlooked in kits. This makes if easier to check placement.

I completed the entire assembly by the time the kids got up from their naps, about ar> hour and a half, This was enough time for me to check and make sure I'd installed and sol- dered everything properly. Depending on your experience with kit building, allow from one to three hours-

Apprehension

Power input can range from 12 to 14 volts. so I connected the txsard to my 2 meter rig's power supply. I had to scrounge around a bit to find connectors and adapters to connect the dummy load and antenna. The QRP-40's two antenna connectors and key connector are all phono plugs. Fortunately, from my work with the HW-7 QRP rig and a couple of home-brew preamps^ 1 had phono-to-UHF adapters.

The switch for the crystals is not marked on either the board or the schematic as to which position is for which crystal but it's relatively easy to figure out. The front panel of the case is marked, but, for you who get the kit without the case kit. remember that out is position A, and /rrts position B.

I selected posiiloo A. the 7150 kHz crystal and connected the transmitter to my antenna via a wattmeter. I turned the power switch on for about half a second and then quickly backed it off. No smoke. Good, Everything looked fine, so I turned the power back on and pressed the key. Yeah! Power out[ The wattmeter showed about 1 watt.

Adjustment and Tuning

The next step was to check the receiv- er and verify the frequency. Sure enough, it was at 7145 kHz. Checking the range of the tun- ing control, which is a 5k pot. gave a range of about 7145 to 7150 kHz. The only internal adjustment is a coil in the oscillator circuit that adjusts the tuning range. Trying various settmgs and adjust* ments, I was able to get the lower limit down to about 7140 kHz, but I coutd never get a range of more than 7 kHz. Close, but not quite the claimed 10 kHz. The tuning range ot a VXO js highly dependent on the type of crystal and other factors, so t don't consider this a significant problem.

Later, I found some old FT-243 style crys- tals in my junk box and decided to try them just for grins.

They seemed to work, though the tone of the output signal was nothing to write home about, and the tuning range was non-existent. It's probably best to avoid older crystals and stick with the newer canned crystals. I tested the transmitter with a wide range of crystals, and the power output remained 1 watt, regard- less of frequency.

Installing the board in the case is simple. Ramsey provides rubber feet for the bottom hA\t of the black plastic case. The top and bottom are identical, except that the bottom has two holes ioi screws to secure the case. The circuit board is a tight fit. Place the front panel on the board and fit these together into the bottom. Four screws hold the board in place. After screwing the board down, you can attach the back panel and top.

I ran into a slight problem with the button tor the crystal select switch. It was too loose to fit on the switch shaft, at least in my kit. Folding a strip of paper and inserting it between the shaft and the button snugged up the fit enough.

On the Air!

Operaimg with 1 watt with a vertical is a wortd apart from operating with a kilowatt and a seven element beam. You have to use a few tricks, like tail-ending, calling a station when he finishes a QSO, or answering a CO rather than calling CQ.

At first I had no luck, even following my own advice above. Then t remembered, from the days of separate transmitters and receivers, that a CW signal has two sidebands. Most modern tranceivers use only one of Ihese. After getting on the other sideband, opposite of the way my Heath 5400 normally operates, ft worked. The first CQ I answered heard me. K5KS in Albuquerque, New Mexico, was my first 1 watt contact. He valiantly gave me a 559, and we chatted for a tew minutes while I attempted to contain my enthusiasm It's quite a feeling to have a OSO going well, and even rag-chewing a little, on i watt. Amazing!

The next day I had a contact with Joe N3N J in Pittsburgh, and others around the States. I haven't worked any foreign DX wjth the QRP- 40 yet. but. since its been done often m the past, so it's only a matter of time. I can hardly wait to work New Zealand with 1 watt.

Conclusion

Ramsey has a limited warranty on its kits and telephone help if you have problems, but with the simplicity of this particular kit it should be smooth sailing.

The final QRP-40 transmitter, installed in its case, measures atjout 5" x 5'/^" (127 x 140 mm), and is a mce-looking, although small, addition to my station.

Is it worth the money and effort? Absolutely. If youVe looking for an easy way to buiid a QRP rig, this is It, Quick delivery, comptete kit with good instructions, and easy operation. And it's always more fun to get on the air using something you built yourself. If you're not into scrounging for parts, this may be the kit for you. Happy QRPing!

Kenny A. Chaffm WB^, 2B42 South Wabash Ctfcle. Denver CO B023t.

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It^s Easy and Inexpen- sive. If you have a video camera or camcorder and a standard TV set, you may al- ready own the most expen- sive components of an ATV system. AEA's ATV system includes a transceiver and an- tenna. Simply connect the camera. TV and the antenna in the transceiver, and you're on the air LIVE with one wall RE.E! Your TV set will monitor your transmitted and received pictures. If you want to broadcast with mor^ power. AEA also oflfers a 50 watt ma*ii-moumed linear amplifier with power supply.

The FSTV-430A Transceiver features a low-noise

UHF GaAsFET preamp wiih a typical noise figure of less than L.5dB and a crystal-controlled or variable tuning down converter. Output is available on channel 3 or 4 for signal reception AND monitoring transmissions. Two frequencies can be selected from the front panel for transmission (one crystal is included). The AEA dcsitm is also optimized for superior video and audio quality without sync buzz even with weak signals. The FSTV'430A is the only transceiver you need to work ATV and it also allows you to use the same TV set to monitor your transmitted and received pictures.

The LA-430/50 Amplifier with Power Supply

gives a boost lo your ATV signal It includes a 50 W RE.R mast-mounted Linear Amplifier (patent pending) covering 420 to 450 MHz and a GaAsFET preamp which utilize the antenna feedline for DC power The mast- mount eliminates the line loss between the amplifier/preamplifier and the antenna to improve both transmission and reception, and is the equivalent of a I now amplifier in the shack with a 3dB line loss. The amplifier is housed in a weather-resislatit alodized aluminum case. The MPS- 1 00 power supply also provides a 1 3.6 voll output for the FSTV-430A.

The 430-16 Antenna is a high- performance, computer-optimized yagi specifically designed for ATV operation. It features broadband frequencv coverage from 420 to 440 MHz. l43dB gain. O-ring sealed connectors, 28 degree E plane and 32 degree H plane beam widths and 16 elements on a 10-foot boom.

See AEA's FSTV System at

your local authorized AEA dealer. Put yourself in the ATV picture and join the fun!

Advanced Electronic Applications, Inc.

2006"196thSt.SW/P.O. Box 2160 Lynnwood^WA 98036 206-775-7373

Prices and specifications subject to change without notice or obligation. Dealer Inquiries invited. Copyright 1989,

AEA Brings You

A Better Experience.

emCLE 65 ON READER SERVICE CARD

■P

Numb«F 1 3 on yoyr Feedback card

Color SSTV for the Atari ST

Parti

Atari ST owners already have 99 % of a color video station

by John W. Langner WB20SZ

A catchy ad contains a picture with a transceiver, a television, a tape recorder, -^ missing box, and the caption, "Yoy already own 75% of a color video station/' Reading the fine print, you discover thai the missing piece costs S 1 295. It's a very fine and popular piece of equipment, but the price is a bit steep for someone with only a casual interest in trying a new mode of com- munication,

A few years ago you didn*t have much choice. You could either buy a commercial scan converter or home-brew a very compli- cated device. Very few people had the .skill and patience to build it. Modern home com- puters, though, have lots of memor> , plenty of processing power^ and adequate color graphics displays to serve as the hase for a slow-scan television system. Just add a sim- ple interface and suitable software and you are on the air with SSTV video.

Part I of this two-part article gives you background on the development of amateur SSTV and describes a low-<:ost SSTV inter- face and software for the Atari ST comput- er.'"^"^ Part U will show you how to build a high performance color SSTV interface for this widely available computer.

Table 1 lists the features of this system. Before continuing, however, let's first look at how^ SSTV pictures are iraminiitted,

SSTV Tfiuii^mission Formats

The original slow-scan television standard uses atone of 1500 Hz for black, 2300 Hz for white, and rrequencies in between for shades of gray. The 120 scan lines are separated by nve-millisecond horizontal sync pulses of 1200 Hz. Vertical sync, between frames, is also 1200 Hz. but 30 milliseconds long. Figure I illusiraies a single scan line.

Early color pictures were transmitted with the frame scquemial methiLxl, Three separate black and white frames were generated with a red. green » or blue filler in from of the TV camera. On the receiving end, a triple expo- sure photograph was made wjih red. green, and blue filters between ihe CRT and camera, As technology improved, it became feasible to keep all three frames in memory and dis- play them at the same time on a color TV. Figure 2 shows an example with five venical color bars.

38 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

Phoia A. Atari STSS'IV u\st patterns.

Fhoio B. Law-cosi interface layouL

About a decade ago, several experimenters developed various single frame color

schemes. One of the many formats is ilius- traied in Figure 3."* Rather than giving equal amounts of time to the red. green, and blue components, you can use a shon transmission time more efficiently by giving more time to green. This is because our eyes are more sensitive to changes in green. The first iwo^ thirds of each scan line is for intensitv of

m

green. The remainder is for aUe mating red

and blue information, which is the average of two scan lines.

The Robot transmission formats are differ- ent in that ihey transmit luminance (bright- ness) and chrominance (color) information rather than red. green, and blue.^ Lumi- nance, represented by Y, is computed as 0.30 R + 0,59 G H- 0.1 1 B. Chrominance is conveyed by the two values R - Kand B — Y . Table 2 contains luminance and chrominance values for several colors.

The possible ranges of Y, R - Y, and B - Y

are scaled into the range of 1500 to 2300 Hz for transmission (see Figure 4). At the receiv- ing end, you can calculate original RGB val- ues with a little elementary algebra.

A benefit of this system is thai the first two-thirds of each scan line contains a black and white compatible signal. Someone with an old eight-second, black and white system can receive a l2-s^:ond color picture proper- ly, and not even realize ii was transmitted in color!

Operation

Now that you have a little background and history on SSTV, let*s look at the system Tve put together. To start with, there are current- ly two versions of the software. Version 0,9 has the capability to send and receive pic- tures, manipulate images, generate test pat- terns, and read picture files from disk- The Ml version, 1.1, can perform all the ftinc- lions of 0.9, plus save images to disk. Ver- sion 0.9 is available at various user groups. Two groups 1 know of are: Atari Microcom- puter Network, John Adams KC5FW, 17106 Happy Hollow^ San Antonio, TX 78232, USA; and ASTUR (Atari ST Users on Radio) GEERAERT Michel, W. Elsschodann 21, B 8460 Koksijde, Belgutm. To the first group, send a formaned disk and S2 for the program; to the second group, send two disks and three IRCs (one disk w ill be returned).

Version 1 , 1 is available from A& A Engin- nering in Anaheim, California. Version LI is useful only for the high-performance inter- face, described in Pan U of this article, to appear in the January *90 issue.

The screen is divided into several regions {see Figure 5). The top line contains mes- sages^ and a prompt for keyboard input, when necessary. The menu contains a list of the available commands. The selection line indi- cates the currently selected monitor and im* ages. Each **TV monitor" displays an image with 128 by 120 pixels with 256 colors. You can adjust brightness and contrast with the aid of the color bars,

How can 256 colors be displayed at once? In low resolution mode, the ST can normally display from a palette of 16 colors picked from the 512 possibilities. You can increase the number by reloading with a different set of colors during horizontal blanking inter-

WHITS 2X0H1

SLACK

EVMC

laOOHi —

i200Hi —

1 T—

Figure L Single scan line plot for the original S-second black and while SSTV format.

nipts. However, ihere is stilf a maximum of only 1 6 colors on each scan line.

This program uses a different technique. Two different screen images arc bailt in memor> , Each has a different palette of 16 carefully chosen colors. During each venical blanking inienupt, the opposite screen and palette is selected to produce a total of 256 colors. The 30 Hz flicker becomes a liitle wearing to stare at all day, but it works very well for shoner periods*

Photo A shows the command menu. The first column contains the commands to re- ceive, transmit, print » load from disik, save to disk, and quit from the program. The second column shows the transmission formats. The third column contains functions to manipu- late images. The last column contains com-

tors" is the active or "selected" one. Mosi of the commands use the content of the selected monitor. Press the left arrow key to select the left monitor. The *' < -" on the selection line is then highlighted in red. Press the right ar- row key to select the right monitor; **->** will then be highlighted.

The 10 image-buffers in memory are numbered 0 through 9. The TV monitors can display any of the image buffers. A number above the monitor w^iil be highlighted to show which im- age buffer it*s displaying. You can se- lect an image for the currently selected monitor by pressing one of the digit keys, 0 through 9. Press the up or down arrow key to select the next higher or lower image buffer.

There is one more image buffer that tsn*t displayed on the screen. Com- mands thai modify an image buffer first copy the old image to the save- buffer. The undo key exchanges the currently selected image and the saved image.

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Figure 3. Suding ll-second single frame color for- mat.

mands to generate test patterns. The currently selected format is highlighted with a yellow background.

Most commands require only a single keystroke. Menu items ending with '*.." re- quire adduionai input. For instance, when saving an image to a disk, you miisi specify a file name. A flashing text cursor appears along with a prompt for input. While a com- mand is being ocecuted, the menu item is highlighted by a red background. This as- sures you that you have pressed the correct key. When the background color returns to normaL you know the command has been carried to completion.

At any time, one of the two "TV moni-

Sending and Receiving

The first step for sending or receiv- ing is to select the transmission format from the second column of the menu. Press *'R" to Stan receive mode. The firsi frame will go into the current image. Subsequent frames will go into con- secutive image buffers^ and the select- ed monitor will alternate. Terminate receive mode by pressing the space bar. Function key '*n*' transmits the cur- rent image n times. Press the shift key at the same time to transmit consecu- tive images, once each. For example, if image 6 is in the selected monitor, and you press Shift-F3, images 6, 7, and 8 will be transmitted. Press the space bar to terminate transmission early*

Printing

You can print the image on an Epson or compatible dot matrix printer by pressing **P," for Print. Each screen pixel is con- verted to a 4 X 4 group of dots on the printer. Each group can have 0 through 1 6 dots printed,

so 17 gray levels are available when

viewed from a distance.

Figure!. Frame sequemial color SSTV. Three b& w frames were sent for red, green, and blue compo- nents.

Image Manipulation

You can manipulate the image in a variety of ways, Uncolor (U) converts a color image to biack and white so that you can see what a color picture will look like transmitted or printed in black and white. However, yoii don't have to uncolor a picture before trans- mitting it in black and white or printing it out. Mirror (M) swaps the left and the right sides of a picture. Rotate (O) turns the image 90 degrees. Negative (N) inverts all the colors: white becomes black, blue becomes yellow, etc.; medium gray is hardly affected.

Zoom fZ) expands one-quarter of the im- age by a factor of two so that it fills the entire **monitor. '' At the prompt* type a single digit to select which quaner of the screen you want to expand: 7, upper left corner; 5, center; 2, center bottom; and so on. These positions

J

Loading and Sa^ ing Images

Press **L'' to load a picture from a disk file, and **S'* to save a picture to a disk file. This program accepts the file formats of the most popular drawing programs. The proper conversion rou- tine is selected by the file extension: NEO for NEOchrome, PIl for Degas, or STV for its own file format with 256 colors.

^' V" saves the entire screen in a file called SCREEN. NEO. You can load this file into memory to transmit a self- portrait.

t

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73 Amateur R^dto • December. 1989 39

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LEFT

TV MDNITDH

COLOR

TV MOhtlTW

Figure 5, Screen layout for ihe SSTV pro- gram.

Low Cusi Inti'rface

Figure 6 shows the station configuration for the low -cost inicrface.

The Alari ST has a buill-in sound generator chip which may be used to produce tones for SSTV transmission. I have received good signal reports by holding a microphone up to the computer's speaker, but the exaci piace- mem has a big effect on the resulting signal quality. The computer has no provision for

MOMriDR

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Figure 6. Stanoft layout usittg the low-cost interface.

conform to the numeric keypad. Shrink (S) does the opposite of Zoom.

Finally* use Merge (E) to combine multiple images into one. Specifying only one source image produces a copy of that image. Not

specifying a siource image clears the current image buffer*

Pattern Cieiieration

''C*' produces a traditional 8x8 black and while checkerboard pattern. "K'* produces a more colorful akernaii\c. Press ' 'G" for a gray scale pattern, " W * for colors arranged in rainbow order, and **A" to produce 256 rectangles with all ihc possible colors* Finally, ""B" generates overlapping red, green* and blue circles* The tntersec- lions of these circles are yellow* cyan, ma- genta, and white. Again* see Photo A to see the last pauern.

CiRCLf m ON REAOiR SERVICE CAflO

Table 1 . Summary of Features

Sends and receives these popular formats:

Robot; 8 second black and white

1 2. 24 & 36 second COlOr Volker Wraase: 24, 48. amj 96

second co^ AVT: 90 second color

24, 94 secofKJ DOtor . recefve only Screen cofitains: Two images with 1 2Sx 1 20 pixels of 256 colors Menu of available commands

Test pattern generation: Checkerboard, rainbow, all colors

Image manipulation: Mirror, roiaie, zoom, shrink

Load and save images with various file lonnats: NEOchr(»ne, Oegas, Ovvn fomiat with 2S6 cok>r5

Ke^ tett images in memoty for mstant access.

Print images with 17 gray ievels.

Can use either low cost (about $7) interface connected to modem and printer ports, or high performance Interface connected to MIDI port.

audio input, so you'll need a simple titt^lade for receiving. The schematic is in Figure 7

and ibe parts list is in Table 3,

U 1 is a phase-locked kxip which lcx:ks onto the strongest lone present. U2 produces a square wave with exactly a 50% duty cycle, Ql provides protection for the computer; the output of U2 may exceed 5 volts.

The RS-232 pon is used only as a source of plus and minus 5 or 6 volts. The busy input of the printer port happens to be connected to a hardware timer which is used to measure the length of each pulse. You must adjust R3 for an output of roughly 1750 Hz with no input. You don't need a frequency counter for this adjustment; pressing the ****' key on the nu- meric keypad wUl display on screen the ap* proximate frequency of the signal frtum the interface.

Cone lu.s ion

A phase-locked loop works well with a strong, clean signaK but not so well under noisy conditions. Holding a microphone near a speaker driven by a square wave isn't ideal for generating a clean signal* and swapping

mom

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44} 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

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Table 2.	Conversion of RGB to Luminance and Chrominance
CokF black	R 0.0	G 0.0	B 0,0	Y 0.0	R-Y	B-Y 0.0
0,0
dark gray	0^	0J2B	0.25	0^	0.0	0.0
medium gray	0-5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.0
fighigray	0.75	0-75	0J5	0.75	0,0	0-0
whKe	1.0	1.0	IjO	to	00	00
bJtie	0,0	0.0	1.0	0J1	-0J1	0J9
green	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.59	"0.59	-0.59
cyan	0.0	1,0	1.0	0.7	-07	0.3
red	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.7	-0.3
magenla	1.0	0-0	to	0,41	0.59	0.59
ye low	1.0	to	0.0	0.89	0.11	-0.89

cables to receive or print is ao annoyafice. The low-cost interface* how- ever, provides a quick, easy, and cheap way to enter the exciting world of slow-scan television. Stay tuned next month when I describe how to buitd the high perfor- mance interface!

RGfcrences

'Edwards, Jon R,. Robinson. Phillip, «nd McLaugMn. Bren- da, 'The Atari S20ST/' BYTE, January 1986, page 84.

'RobiTison, Phillip, and Ed- wards, Jon R,. "The Atari KMOST-" BYTS. Mtrcb 1986, pageM.

^Menconi, Dave, "The Alari 1040ST- ' BYTE. Febrttajy lt87, page 231.

^Sudmg. Robert WiLMD. "8 and 12 sectind single -frame col- or SSTV." TheBestofAS-SlQw Scan Teievision, page 34.

[Reprint bookkl number 103 /rom ESF Copy Services, 4011 Ckwview Drive, Cedar Falls lA 506 13, $10 plus $1 post age. 1 Suditijii for mots are not commonly u&ed now.

^Robot Re^arch, Inc.. Instruction Book— Model 1200Q Section Wine, "Techmcal Descripiion" Manuai is avitiiabk

	Table 3. Parts list for Low Cost Interface
Pan. Nc	i. Descnption Quantity	Price
CtC2	100 |iF electro^. 10 V	2	@.19
ca	0.1 tiF disc cefaniic		.15
C4	0.01 }jF mylar		.11
C5	0.001 ^iF myfar		.06
cd	0.033 tiFm/lar		.11
Dt02	1N4O01	2	@.io
J1	DB-25S connector to modem port		.79
PI	DB-25P conneciof to printer porl		75
Q1	2N3904 or similar		.12
R1R2	4.7 k	2	@.06
m	10 k trim pot		89
m	22k		.06
m	NE 565, phase-locked locp		.99
m	CD 4013, dual type D ffipfloii		.29
	perlboard (RS part 276-150)		.99
	two14prnlC»xkels	2	#.39
	Approinmate fofal		S7,00
prices sfKJwn are frmn a typical mail-Ofder catalog, except where ^	a Radio
Stiack (ftS) pan number Is listed.

.<^pamte!y for SZ3 from Robot Ressarch, /wr,, 5636 Ruffin Rmd. San Diego CA 92123. Tei. {619} 279-B430, Essentiall)} the ^ma informafion is in "Upgrade Your Robot 400 S5TV Convemr, "Vi^ BeM ofA5—Roboi 40Q Mtyds, page 41, ESF reprint booklet 1 10. Same price as above.

Nets, Newsletters, and Magazines

The Jniematidnal Visual Cornmunicallon Association (TVCA) has four weekly SSTV pwts;

Nonh Amencan SaL 1500 UTC. 14.230 Mhiz

South Anwncan W^.2300UTC. 14.236 MHz

Eyropean Sat. 1300 UTC, 14.233 MHi

Soum Pacific Sun. 0400 UTC. 14^47 MHz

Another SSTV net, The Siow Scan TV Networit, meets on Saturdays at 1 800 UTC. also on 1 4.230 MHz. This one tends to have fewer pictures and more technical discussions.

The Atari Microcomputer Network meets Sundays at 1600 UTC On 14.326 MHz, This is a good source of infqrmalion on ham applications for Atari computers. The group also publishes a newsletter cailed Ad Astra. The cost is $15 US or $1S CDISi for six issues per yeat. Those outside US or Canada shouid add an extra $5 for additional postage. The editor is Gil Frederick VE4AG, 130 Maureen Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3K 1M2 CANADA.

The United States ATV Society (USA TVS) publishes The Spec^Com Journal. This Is primarily oriented toward fast scan TV, but there ^s usually some mention of SSTV Cost is S20 for six issues per year. Add an additionai SS for maiiing to Canada and Mexico. Anii SI 0 for other countries A net is held each Tuesday night at 2000 Eastern time on 3.871 MHz. The Spec-Corn Journal. P.O. Box H. Lowden I A 52255-0409.

TheBriltsh Amaleyr Television CtubiSATC) publisher the quarterly CD- TV magazine. Annual membership IS £6, For a membefShip appHcation. $er»d an SASE to Dave Lawtoi^ G4)AN0, Grenehurst/ Pinewood Road, Htgh Wycombe, Bucks HPl 2 400 ENGLANO, The US repfeseniauve ts Wyimn Research, inc., R.B. #1 flox 95, WaldnDn m 461 82 Wote for irrfofmaliof* about currem rates in S US.

An announcement of a new magazine appeared just as t was putting the finishing touches ort this article: Amateur Television Quarterly , 1 545 Lee St . Suite 73, Oes Ptaines II 6001 8, A subscnp^ion costs SI 5 per year. (Add an addttional S5 fof postage to Canada or S1 0 for other cou nines.)

ASTUR has a newsletter which {% available only on disks^ Cost is two disks (one wifl t^e returned) and a few IRCs, ASTUR (Atari ST Users on Radio). GEERAERT Michel W. Bsschoilann 21 , 8-8460 Koksijde, Belgium.

42 73 Amateur Radio • December. 1989

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AM HELP

Your Bulletin Board

We are tiappy to QroviiSB Ham Help fisUngs free on a spBce Bv^tiAbie basis. To make our fob easter arni to ensure that your listing is i^mect, piease type or print your request dearty, tkjubfe spaced, on ahin(Q¥t*M tt'} sheet of paper You may also upload a Hstmg as E-mail to Symp to the 73 883 (1200 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, f stop bit, PH:603'525-4433) . Use upper- and fower-case lett&rs where appropriate. Ai- so. pnnt numbers carefulfy—a 1, for example, cant>e mtsread as the letters t or i, or even the number 7. Thank you for your cooperation.

I am looking for accessories for my Vaesu FT-101Z such as ©xtemal VFO, speaker, etc. Persons with anything for sale for the 1 01 Z please write orcall with description, condition and price. Atso, need any technical information for the Tandy Model 600 tapiop computer such as Memory Map, how to access the serial port from BASIC, use of the external disk drive port, and how to use MS-OOS/PC-DOS DEBUG to write library routines for the Model 600 (an 8088 machine like the IBM,) Contact: Heyward Bozard. Jr. mvfK. 234 Pinehiif Road, N.W., Orangeburg $C 291 15. {803} S3&4}72Q/534-5350 (88$}, Compu- Serve T027Q,S3&GEnle HBOZARO.

Wanted: Assembly sheets, parts list, schematics and instfuctjons for Conar Model 400 transmitter. Purchased through NationaJ Radio Institute. Will pay copying and mailing cost. Charles Hall. 495 West l&lh. Russeflville AR 72801 .

I am researching a tKiok on the life and limes of Arthur Godfrey. I understand Mr Godfrey had a very early p unusual call sign. Can anyone tell me what it was? Thank you. Contact: Lee R t^unsick, 20 Harris et Drive, Whippany NJ 0796 t-t906.

I am in need of schematic diagrams of a 1 50 watt generic switching type power suppfy used in a IBM XT clone, and also of a 2400 baud generic internal modem (which says BDP, Inc. or Best Data Products as a possible company name on it). Contact: Marvin flAoss W4UXJ, Box 28601, AUanta OA 30358,

\ need an operating manual and schematic for a Yaesu FT207R. t wiP pay all associated costs for a copy, or I will copy and return the original Thank you. Contact: Don Rictimond, PO Box t53, Tafcoa WV 24981,

Msdifed: A schematic and manual tor a Halli- craftei's Model S-38C, Also, any updaies on the ICOM IC-22S. A-B switch and the 145 MZ MOD, I will pay lof copying and handling, Contact: TedJenson HESWf, HCftSa Box 7-A, Spooner Wi5480f.

Help me pleaset ... I need a service manyal and diagram for my Attas 350 XL Transcefvef I wilt pay for copy. Hoping for your answer as soon as possi- ble. Thank you. Contact: Paulo Cesar dos Santos PP2 ZOy Riia Osmundo Rodrigues da Cunha,, No. 605, Araguari MiNAS GERAIS 38440, Brazii,

I am In the process of restoring two old Edgecom radios series 3000. and an FIVfS 24 and FMS 25. I need any service information on these two u nils and pans descriptions. Contact: Mike Herman KC9NF, 1549 N. Cicero Ave., Chicago tL 6065 r. (312} 276- 6666 days.

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73 Review

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Mirage D15 70cm Amp

Boost your HT up to mobile power.

Mirage, Inc.

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Pnce Class: $155

I

Marage has added a new "brick" in its extensive line of solid-state power am- plifiers. The D15 is intended for general use in the 70cm (420-450 MHz) band and is class AB1 linear biased to facilitate FM, SSB, CW, and even ATV operation.

What makes this particular design different is its simpncity, made possible by the use oF a Toshiba S-AU4 power module instead of dis- crete transistors* The circuit board layout is simplified considerably. RF-sensed keymg is used for TX/RX operation, but there is no pro- vision for hard keying. A potentiomeler is ac- cessible through the side panel to set the drop-out delay in the SSB mode, while drop- out is instantaneous in the FM mode.

The heat sink and chassis are similar to the 622 and G22 series amplifiers, except that a new slotted cover is used for better cooling. Front panet controls are power oN/Of^F and SSB/ FM MODE. Two LEDs indicate when the unit is in line and whan it's keyed up. Incidentally, the D15 does not use an antenna relay, relying instead on diode switching. This makes a lot of sense at this frequency^ and the "ciunk" of

432.000 MHz

iN OUT

0.5W 0*

0.65 W 2 W

0.7 W 4W

0.8W ew

OJW 8W

1 W 10W

1.SW 15W

446.£KK3 MHz

IN OUT

aSW 2W

0.65 W 4W

0.7 W 5W

OeW 3W

Q9W tow

1W 13W

1,5W 17 W

aw ieW@3.0A 2W 18W@3,4A

* There is a sharp *'knee" on the 432 range as the powef rises from little or no output and quickly scars lo 4-5 Watts output In both cases, the am pi I Her tsecomes saturated with 2 Walts of drive

Table 7. Power input vs. output for the Mirage DWampifffer.

relay contacts pulling in isn't missed.

Mirage states thai the amplifier will develop over 15 Watts output when fully saturated with 2 Watts of drive, and that the msertion loss is less than 1.5 dB. (The D15 has no internal preamplifier) According to the manual, as lit- tle as ,25 Watts will result in 6 Watts output across the 70cm band, so the D1 5 would seem to be ideal for hand-held users and ATV enthu- siasts with 1 to 2 Watts output available.

Performance

The Mirage Dt5 was tested wtth a variable 70cm RF source using two Bird Model 43 me- ters—one at the input and one at the output. A Termaiine reststor was used to terminate the D15. Two 50Q attenuators were used before the amplifier to ensure linear power oulput from the 70cm source. Measurements were made at 432.000 MHz and at 446.000 MHz, covering the weak signal, ATV, and FM seg- ments of the 70cm band. See Table 1 .

Conclusions

The 015 Is a well built amplifier that essen- tially meets the published specifications for atl*mode operation. The workmanship is of excellent quality. The most likely users of this product would appear to be hand-held transceiver owners looking tor a bit more pow- er from home or the car, and ATV operators typically equipped with QRP transmitters. While Mirage claims full rated output with an intermittent duty cycle and no cycle times are claimed, I found the output fairly stable during a 3 minute key-up test into a 50Q load.

pouimn

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When you've mastered the basics, use the PC* Packet Adapter for simultaneous dual-band HF/ VHF. muhiconnect, BBS. TCP/ IP, DXers PacketCluster, 2400 baud {and higher). Even use the Developer's Package lo write your own packet application.

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46 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

Nufntwr t4 on your Feedback eard

ACKET TALK

Latest in Digital Hamming

I

Brian Uoyd W86RQN 5712 Stitlwelf Road Rockviile MD 20B51

Apologies

I recently spokewith Tom Moul- ton W2VY of ihe Radio Amateur Tetecommunications Society (RATS) about my article on net- working (pp. 60-62} in ihe October packet issue of 73. Tom is the au* thor of the ROSE networking pack- age. He spotted some eirors and unclear statements in the article.

First, the ROSE packet switch does not contain an implementa- tion of the OSI transport protocol TP1* Second, the statement, "ROSE can't communicate with NET/ROM, NET/ROM can't com^ municate with TexNet, and TexNet can't communicate with ROSE/* is incorrect. Afthough they can't intercommunicate on the network level, all these proto- cols can indeed communicate at the AX.25 level . Users can manu- ally set up a path involving all of these different types of network node as long as they set up the path like KA-Node: by issuing a connect commajid at each point along the way. Such a network can't switch packets between the different networks aulomatically. If youVe interested in the ROSE packet switch, and you want more information about it, contact Tom MouHon W2VY at RATS, 206 North Vlvyen Street, Bergenffefd, New Jersey 07627; (201) 387^ 889$.

A0i8lyrbance in the Ether

Over the past two years many packet radio enthusiasts have hed to deal with nasty messages, excessive QRM, and verbal abuse. The complaint? "You (fill in the blank— TCPers. NET- ROMers, TEXneters, etc.) are ru- ifiiog packet radio for us legits mate* users/' I have afso heard, ''My digtpealer/NET-ROM is for (egitimale packet radio use— no! for TCP/PR" How about this one, "That BBS is making it so that I can't have a QSO with Fred (or Jim, or whoever). That *!-&$% BBS owner ought to get his own frequency and quit messing up ours/' My personal favorite is. "You can^t legally send TCP/IP over the air because it isn't AX.26 and the FCC regs only allow AX.25 packets on the air.'

.L^ ff

No, it's Not Illegal I

There are really three problems: people who like to monitor every- thing on the channel and who don't like all the binary "garbage" from the networking protocols; too many people on one frequency; and poor frequency sharing. The first problem turns out to be an oversight on the part of the people who wrote the rirmware for early TNCs. Every AX.25 packet con- tains a field called the Protocol IDentifier (PID). This tells the re- ceiver what kind of data is con- tained in the packet.

In the early days of packet, ev- erything was senl with the same PID (hex value F0) indicating that the packet contained ASCII text. NET/ROM. TEXnet. TCP/fP. ROSE, and text all use different RID values to differentiate be- tween them. These PID values are part of the AX.25 specification. The monitor mode of many TNCs ignores the content of the PID field, so if you turn your monitor on. you see garbage on the screen or on the printer. The solution is to get a later version of firmware for your TNG or get a new TNC.

This also touches on the conn* plaint that yse of TCP/IP, NET/ ROM. TEXnet. ROSE, or any oth- er networking or special protocol is unlawful. Not true! Each of the above mentioned protocols uses a technique called encapsulation, Le., every TCP, NET/ROM, TEXnet, or ROSE transmission Is completely contained in a perfect- ly valid AX.25 frame. All of these protocols are perfectly valid and legal in an amateur packet radio environment, on HForVHF.

To go one step further, the FCC regulations do not even require an amateur station to send data us- ing AX.25, They only require that the operator maintain a written de- scription of the modulation and encoding techniques used at the station, and that the encoding/ transmission method be used to enhance communications and not be intended to prevent others from receiving and decoding the transmissions.

Frequency Crowding

In populated areas, too many people may be on one frequency. A 1200 baud channel can handle only about 700-800 bauds aver-

age throughput- When you have several people typing to one an- other, the channel can handle many users befofe it reaches sat- uration, but as you throw in a com- puter that can type faster than a human, you begin to see prob- lems with channel capacity. The BBS is a perfect example of this.

The answer? Provide more fre- quencies to divide the load and improve channel sharing. There is a simple reason why most people do not want to move to a different frequency: without a packet switch or BBS on (he new frequency, they can't reach the rest of the world from there. On the other hand, try- ing to cram all the users in one area onto one or two frequencies is pretty crazy, too. Instead of putting up more digipeaters, it would be better to spend the tfme and money putting up duplex dtgipealers (dual-frequency, real* time, digital repeaters) and cross- band packet switches.

Obviously, more frequencies will help eliminate overcrowdmg. There are LOTS of frequencies available for packet. Six meters, 220 MHz. and 70cm (430-450 MHz) are grossly underused. 33cm (902-928 MHz) is virtually unused. 23cm (1.2 GHz) is also underused AND it is one of the bands where Novices can oper- ate.

Efficient Use of Frequencies

Surphsmgly, file transfers and BBS operation don't have to mo- nopolize a frequency. Several years ago. I set up three stations on 220. 1 set station A transmitting a file to statton e^ B sending a file to C, arKJ C sending a fife to A. Here were three stations ali en- gaged in file transfers simulta- neously. Ail three file transfers proceeded concurrently without a hitch. The final result was a charv nel throughput of about 300 bits per second, and a retry/retrans- mission rate of about 5%. How did I do it?

The first thing I did to improve performance was to use a duplex digipeater (input on 222.06 and retransmit on 223.66). With a du- plex digipeater, there was no digipeater delay, so all transfers proceeded at full speed. The du- plex dtgipealer also made it possi- ble for all three stations to hear one another. This reduced colli- sions at the digipeater. which meant fewer retransmissions.

Next I took advantage of p-per- sistent CSMA, using the persist and slottime commands in my TNC, now a standard part of all

Kantronics and AEA TNCs. With p-persistent CSMA I was able to greatly reduce the number of cotli- sions caused by two or more sta- tions trying to transmit at the same time (a situation I guaranteed by having several file transfers going at once).

The third thing I did was to use TCP/IP. TCP does several things that AX.25 does not, Rrst. TCP measures the lime it takes to get an ACK back for every packet ft sends^ It keeps a running tally of this round-trip time and sets the retransmission timer (FRACK in AX.25 parlance) to twice the aver- age round-trip time. If there are fewer users and the channel load- ing Is light, the round-trip time is short. If there are many users, or the channel loading is heavy, the round-trip time is much longer. T>ie net result is that TCP does not resend packets unnecessarily.

Another feature of TCP Is some- thing called backoff. Every lime TCP must resend the same pack- et, it waits longer. This results in the channel becoming quieter very qurckfy when there are lots of collisions and lots of lost packets.

Just for fun. I tried the same experiment again and tried esiab- lishing an ^.25 connection on the same channel. The fjle trans- fers proceeded as before, but the AX.25 station could not keep from timing out and eventually break- ing the connection.

Making AX.25 More Efficient

There are some things that you can do to make your AX.25 opera- tions more efficient and to make your station share the channel mora efflcientiy. First, it your station supports p-perslstent CSMA (that is, if your TNC has the persist and slottime commands), use it. Set DWAIT to 0 and set slottime and persist as I described in 73's Packet issue (October 1989). Set MAXFRAME to 1 so that every- body gets a shot at the channel with every packet.

Lastly, set FRACK to a much bigger number so that your pack- ets will have a chance to get to the receiver, and the ACK will have time to get back.

Consideration

The bottom line is this: packet radio is a hobby, and we owe it to each other lo act in a courteous and thoughtful manner. Com- plaining without understanding Will not get anyone anywhere. We owe it to each other to discuss issues ration a My, without casting aspersions.

73 Amateur Radio * December. 1989 47

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T-Hunting Fun on Six Meters

Mosl hams in the USA think of 2 meter FM when someone brings up the subject of transmitter hunt- ing. But there has been — and stHI is — lots of hunting excitement on other bands. In my Novice days, HF mobile was the rage, particu- larly 10 and 75 meter AM. So that's where hams did T-hunting. (Ask me about my trunk-mounted Vibrator-powered DX-40 some* time.) Nowadays p inexpensive mobile and portable rigs are avail* able for almost every band, so the possibilities for foxhunting fun are limitless.

Transmitter hunts have been a monthly activity of the Southern California Six Meter CJub (SC- SMC) for over three years, using 50.300 MHz FM. the local calling frequency. When SCSMC volun- teered to put on the hunt for the 1989 ARRL Southwestern Divi- sion Convention, the SCSMC offi- cers decided to have one of the three hidden transmitters be on 50.300, Substantial cash prizes created a sudden swelling of inter- est in 6 meters among serious southern California T-hunt com- petitors.

Because 6 meters fs on the bor- der between HF and VHF. it has some of the characteristics of each. Ttie ground wave is very re- liable for loca* QSOs, but the band opens for great DX via the F layer when sunspot activity goes up. Sporadic E propagation livens things up in the late spring and summer months. As a bonus, there is added excitement from aurora and meteor propagation at times.

Six meters is a very interesting band for transmitter hunting. It most closely resembles 10 me- ters, but reflections and muKipalh from hills and other features of the terrain are more likely. Reflec- tions are much less prevalent than on 2 meters, however.

SCSMC holds hunts once a month on Saturday morning, The boundary is a 15 mile radius from the hilltop starling point. The hider must usea vertigally polarized an- tenna and be on the air continu- ously. The team with lowest mileage from start to finish wins

Radio Direction Finding

the hunt. Time is not a factor, which encourages safe driving arid careful T-hunting techniques. Despite these restrictions, hiders can still put on challenging hunts because of the varied urban and rural terrain in the area. Transmitting antennas are larger than for 2 meters, but hiders find clever ways to conceal them.

Rigs Are Plentiful

I can hear you saying. **Hqw can I hunt on six? I've never even operated there/' Too bad. You've missed some great fun. But you don't have to shetJ out big bucks to join the action. Look around — ^yoo may find you have most of your setup already.

Small battery-powered portable rigs, such as the Yaesu FT-^^OR, are popular for T-hunting, al- though the dynamic range of the S*meter is too wide for my taste. Older solid state rigs, such as the Yaesu FT-620. show up inexpen- sively al flea markets. They work on 12 volts and are easy to modify for an external S-meter, internal attenuator, and other goodies.

''Loop users

frequently win the

local hunts/*

Do you have a scanner in your shack? Chances are good that you can use it for T-hunting. Sony. Kenwood, AOR. Bearcat, Regen- cy and Cobra have scanner mod* els that receive at least part of the 6 meter band and work on internal batteries or an external 12 volt supply. Older commercial handie- talkies for 30-50 MHz by Motorola and RCA are inexpensive and convert readily to 6 meters.

As on other bands, there are several options for 6 meter hunt- ing antennas. The one you choose depends on how you're searching (foot or vehicle), what youVe hunting {horizontal or verti- cal, fixed or moving, weak or strong), and how much effort you want to expend in preparation*

Loops Are Easy

The simplest 6 meter RDF scheme is the loop antenna. As

Photo A. Bob Hastings K6PHE uses a G meter T-hunting loop on his vehlcfe and on fooL

regular readers know, I dislike loops on other VHF bands, but small loops perform adequately on 6 meters when there is enough signal strength. Many hunters use them successfully. You can build a competitive loop in just a tew minutes.

The loop design in Figure 1 comes from John Wendt WA6BFH. All you need is a 27^yi* inch piece of RG-11 75Q coax, two PL-259 connectors, a UHF Tee connector, and adapters to get to your downlead.

Install PL-259 connectors on each end of the RG-l l coax piece, leaving the center conductor con- nection open on one end. Con- nect the PL-259's to the Tee to form the loop. Cut the jacket and braid of the RG-1 1 coax at the ex- act center (top of the loop), leaving a half-inch gap with the center conductor and dielectric intact.

Cover the gap with black electri- cal tape and hook the loop to the receiver with a suitable length of RG-58 or RG'8X coax. No tuning is necessary. You wilt gel two sharp nulls (minimum signal points) looking through the loop, exactly 180 degrees apart. Signal peaks will be in the plane of the loop, at right angles to the nulls. The nulls give the most accurate line of bearing. When the signal Is too weak to discern the nulls, use the peaks instead.

Mount the loop on a length of PVC pipe or a wooden broomhan- dle as in the photo. Hold it up over your head when taking bearings, keeping it as far away as possible from the vehicle to avoid distortion of the nulls. Power lines, metal fences^ and the like can also cause bearing inaccuracies when they are near 6 meter loops, so stay away from them.

You can hold your loop out the window when mobile, but it's much better to provide a sturdy mount with a 360 degree indicator ro give an accurate line of bearing for map plotting and triangulation. For best results in all weather, mount the mast through a hole in the car foof (see *' Homing In" for July 1989).

As you close in on the fox» the signal wilt get so strong that it will fill in the nulls, so you*ll need an internal or external RF attenuator capable of at least 80 dB gain re- duction ahead of the receiver (see *' Homing In'' for March 1989),

Ahead or Behind?

I have previously pointed out that Ihe biggest disadvantage of simple bops is their bidirectional patterns. You have to carefully plot bearings and "circle in" on the hidden transmitter with a dual- null antenna, or else you could find yourself going away from the transmitter instead of toward it*

50 73 Amateur Radio • December. 1909

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Figure 1. A simple loop for B meters.

For mobUd hunting, there ts a convenient way to fesofve the fig- ure-8 problem. A whip antenna mounted on the lender near a cor* ner of the vehicle has a pattern that is unidirectional on some ham bands. Mount a quarter-wave whip on the left rear deck and

you1l find that S*meter readings are higher when the hidden T rs in front of you and somewhat to the right. The directional lobe is broad, but it*s good enough to tell which of the two loop nulls to follow. This trick may seem crude, but

it works quite well for 6 and 10 meters on most vehicles. You*H want a 6 meter whip on your car anyway, so you can talk to the hidar. This puts it to another good use. Use a coax switch for rapid selection of the Eoop or the whip during the hunt.

By the way, standard Hustler HF mobile masts (except for the MO-4) are 56 inches long (without resonators), so they work fine as quarter-wave mobile verticals on six. Another good choice ts the Larsen 2 meter %-wavelength magnetic mount antenna. The whip IS a quarter wavelength on six. It matches quite weil without modification at 50.3 MHz.

It's possible to add a "sense" antenna and phase shift network to a loop to resolve the directional ambiguity. The surplus AT-249/ GRD and AT-339/PRC units are ready-made RDF antennas incor* porating this technique. Both are rugged, easy to use, and cover 47 to 55.4 MHz by design. Unfortu- nately, they are becoming drfftcult to locate stnce T-hunlers have dis- covered their usefulness and snapped them up.

Beginner's Luck?

Despite its lack of sophistica- tion, the simple loop does the job

on 6 meters. Loop users frequent- ly win the local hunts. Kevin Kelly N60AB, an expenenced 2 meter hunter, came out on t^is first 6 me- ter hunt recently. He used the WA6BFH loop, a whip, a scanner with S-meter, and an external at- tenuator. His 2 meter hunting ex- perience paid off« because he ended up wfth low mileage that day,

A loop is by no means the best 6 meter hunting antenna. The small capture area of a Fractional wave- length loop makes it much less sensitive than larger antennas. This by itself is not usually a severe problem, because the SC- SMC rules require that the hidden T provide a signal that iscopyable on loop antennas at the starting point. But if your receiver isn't **hot/' you'll want to add a preamp.

There are other good ways to hunt on 6 meters, but there is no more space this month. Next lime, I'll tell you how quads and homing RDFs can help you win 6 meter hunts, Thanks to Bob Hastings K6PHE, Gracie Hastings N6FSL. Wit Anderson AA6DD, John Wendt WA6BFH, and all the other SC- SMC hunters for their technical assistance and for helping to pro- mote T-hunting on 6 meters

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73 Amsieur Radio • December, 1989 S3

Nmnltftr 1 § on v our Feedba.€lc card

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More on Direct Conversion

Although most selectivity in a DC receEver is done in the audio chain, a good solict from end hefps. A single tuned front end im- proves oparatJon a great deal.

A double tuned circuit is even better. Loolc at the circuits in Figure 1 . created by Denton Bfamwell K70WJ, for each one. Values are given for 30 and 40 meters. All the coils are v^ound with #22 gauge wire. Be sure the leads are (ong enough to solder to the board. Since this is not going to be a step-by-step construction project, there is no large schemata ic; rather, what we have are some good add-on circuits.

Radio Shack sells a perfboard with a copper ground plane, (deal for building small receivers or transmitters. It's easy to cut and work with. IVo been using it for a good fong time, with excelfent re- sults.

Product Detection

The input circuit realty helps cut down AM detection. It's not a cure-ali, but it helps a lot. One of the best places to stop AM detec- tion Is in the mixer or product de- tector. I buift a small DC receiver using a 40673 MOSFET, Worked great! The only trouble was that. after dark, when the shortwave broadcast stations came on. Picked them up rather well, all of them, all at the same time. To make matters worse^ the circuit was built for 40 meters — broad- cast station heaven! So, for only the simplest emergency or portable gear, feave the 40673 In the parts bin. You'll be glad you did,

A singly balanced product de- tector is the next best- However, you don*t see too much of this type of detector around. In most cases, you'll need to use either a matched pair of JFETs or an IC^ such as a RCA CA302SA.

You can obtain the best resuHs with a doubly balanced product detector The detector can be ei- ther passive, using diodes, or ac- tive, using either transistors or an tC chip. The most common doubly balanced product detector uses

Low Power Operation

hot-carrier diodes. However, for us home-brewers, we can get good results with high speed switching diodes, such as the 1N914S. It's best to get a match- ing set of diodes. This is easily done with a VOM,

When using a passive detector, we have a conversion toss. Like^ wise, using an active detector, you may obtain some gain. A diode-ring detector above 30 me- ters requires an RF amplifier ahead of the detector. Rgure 2 shows a working diode-ring detec- tor, m building this, be sure to

anced mixer and vottage regula- tor. Most importantly, with this chip the input voltage MUST be under 9 volts. Any more than that, and POOFf I know, in the months that follow, ril have some simple circuits using the NES02. Keep watching.

Audio Chain and Preamp

After the product detector, we start working with the audio chain. While some people go directly to a high gain audio amplifier, I prefer to add some passive audio fitters. I've used old 88 mH telephone coils for this and they work quite well. Only trouble with these, they are much too big for most portable receivers. You can use smaller coils, but they're harder to come by. The 88 mH coils are hamfest

"One of the best places

to stop AM detection is in tfre mixer

or product detecton "

watch the phasing of the coils. Winding these critters and getting them correct the first time is fun.

If youVe not realty op to winding a diode-ring product detector, and I can't really blame you, a com- merciat unit, the Mini Circuits Lab 3BL-1 DBM is available. It's not cheap, but it's easy to work with. Radio Kit in Petham NH (603- 635-2235) sells them. Also ask for a catalog from the Small Parts Center, 6818Meese Dr., Lansing, Michigan, 48911. They also sell them»

A newer circuit on the market, the Signetics NE602. has given rise to a host of DC receivers. This chip, also available from the Small Parts Center, has an on-board os- cillator as well as a doubly bal-

specials.

One of the best reasons for us- ing a passive fitter is power trans- fer from the detector to the active audio stages. Also, the filter re- moves most of the high frequency audio (2-15 kHz) from the high 9a}n audio chain. It you've ever used a pa if of those lightwetght walk-thing headphones and tuned Into a 1 5 kHz beat note, you will be able to appreciate this filter.

A low noise preamplifier some- times follows the passive filter. While you can use junk box tran- sistors, and I've used about every- thing you can think of, a bw noise transistor works best.

From the preamplifer. we go to an active audio filter. I don't care for my audio to be super-filtered,

Photo A. A smalf home-brewed DC receivef.

so I'm not really picky about how many stages of filters I use. The most common circuit uses a LM324 op amp. Til have a simple circuit for that in a later column, along with the final audio amplifier stage.

Pulsed Battery Charger

The August project, the pulsed battery charger, did generate quite a lot of mail and several phone calls. First things first: There are some errors in the sche- matic. The blocking diode wasn't labeled. It can be a 1N4001 or any other junk box diode rated at 1 amp or more.

Of course, if you use the LM350 with its 5 amp current rating, you'll need a larger diode also. Radio Shack sells a 3 amp diode and, I think, a 6 amp diode. If you plan to use the LM350, you'll need to in- crease the current from the trans- former and diode bridge setup. You1l also need a larger trans- former to handle the extra current Junk boxl

The unmarked resistor on the collector of the transistor is 220Q. The transistor should be a 2N^222 or equal. And last but not least, the 2.2kQ resistor is shown as a trimmer, which it is NOT. Use a 2.2kQ resistor and forget about the wiper connection,

Gell Cell Batteries

Aside from the critters making a (fving in my schematics, most of the phone calls and letters asked about those crazy gelled batteries we all find at the hamfests. I did some digging and came up with a charging manual from the Globe Battery Division on Get/Geir t>at- teries.

According to Globe, the gelled battery likes to be charged using a constant voltage*limited current charging technique. There are a^ so two types of batteries. "A'* and **B." Type "A" batteries are used for standby applications. Expect a life of 100 cycles. Applications In* elude intrusion alarms, fire and smoke detectors, uninterruptible power systems, emergency light- ing, and computer memory stand- by power.

Type "B" batteries are for deep-cycle use. According to Globe, a new type "B" battery has an initial capacity of 00-90 per* cent. After 30-40 complete charge cycles, it reaches its nomi- nal rated capacity. After 200 cy- cles, the capacity slowly drops. With only minor discharges (40% or less of capacity), you may get yp to 1000 cycles. Typical applrca-

54 7$ Amateur Radfo • December. 1989

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AUDIO

Figure 2. P^^sive diode product detector. Use matched 1 N9 1 4s,

tions include TV and radios, video tape recorders, computers, and toots.

As far as Vve been able to deter- mine, a battery is type "'A'* or ^^B^' depending on how you use it In standby systems, the battery be-

connes a type "A" bat- tery. If you use the same battery for deep- cycle, it becomes a type *'B" battefy.

The open circuit voltage for a fully charged gelled battery is 2.1 2 volts. Of course, the voltage is higher when you first remove (he battery from the charger. For a fully dis- charged battery, the terminal voltage should be 1 .75 volts after steadily drawing the current it's rated for after a 20-hour period. You can charge a gel-cell at 2-3 times the rated current. For exam- ple, you can charge a 6 volt, 4,5

Ah battery at 7.2 volts (2-4 volts per cell), that is rated at a dis- charge current of 300 mA, with the charge current limited to between 675 and 900 mA. The battery is fulty charged once the charging current stabilizes at a low level for a few hours.

For standby applicaltons in which the baltery is operated with continuous charge, as in emer- gency lighting, lor unattended charge a voltage of 2.26 to 2.30 Is recommended. For a 6 volt battery this would be 6.75 to 6.9 volts.

For cycle use, optimum re- charge lime is obtamed when a charge voltage of 2.4 volts per cell is used. Our 6 volt battery would require 7.2 volts (2.4 vofts per cell

X 3 cells). The battery is fully charged when the current drops to a low value. See the table. If you want to keep the battery on the charger, switch to the lower float voltage of 2.25 vofts per cell.

Any Mods?

Since Tm not the only person picking up gelled batteries at the hamfests. Til have more about these critters next month.

Still looking for mads for the Heath HW 9 for the third edition of the Hot Water Handtfook. If I use them, you'il get a free copy of the book.

With the weather gelling colder^ now is a good time for some low- power fun. QRP— better living with less.

! Battery Rated	Limit Initial	End of Charge
Capacity^ Amps	Current, Amps	Cyrrent. mA
0.9 lo 1	0.1510 0.20	10^20 1
1.5	0.23 to .30	20-40
2,0	0.3010.40	20-40
2.6	0.40 lo .50	30-60
4.5	OJOtO-90	50^-100
6.0	0.90 to 1.20	60-120
7.5	f.itoi.s	ao-ieo
20.0	3-0 to 4.0	100-300

Table 1. Capacity and initiaf current vs end of charge current forgeiled batteries.

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73 Amateur Radio • December. 1989 55

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Number 17 on your Feedback card

Hams A ts

Amateur Radio Via Satellite

Andy MacAttfster WA5ZIB 14714 Knightsway Drive Houston TX 77083

It's Fixed!

The Mode S (70 cm uplink,

13cm downlink) transponder is fi- nally workmg to specifications. Thanks lo the efforts of Peter DB20S, with the aid of 0N6UG and G2BF0. the transponder passband can be commanded oh

A Simple Matter of Timing

A series of tesis were per- formed l3y Peter DB20S, Peter is one of the OSCAR 1 3 ground con- trol stations. By changing the tim- ing of the system commands em- bedded In the onboard software, Peter was able to achieve a com- bination that brought the satel- lite's Mode S transponder pass- band up while bringing down the

Photo A. The AMSAT-OSCAR-13 Mode S converten now working well is just aver a foot long.

and the telemetry beacon off.

That's the way it's supposed to work, but yntJl early August it didn't.

Mode S transponder designer and builder, Bill McCaa K0RZ, created the device so that either the beacon or the passband coufd be activated, but not both al the same lime. The transpor^der pass- band is enabled by a logic line that comes from the satelfite's IHU (In- ternal Housekeeping Unit com- puter). If the telemetry beacon is on, then the logic line is supposed to turn it off and activate a transis- tor in the passband efectronics.

Until now it wasn't happening that way. Commands were sent with no effect . The beacon signal would stay on and the passband would stay off. As a result, 20 dB more uplink power than anticipat- ed was required to make Mode S contacts. The signals from the ground had to force their way through the deactivated transistor \r\ the passband electronics. Where 1000 watts erp (effective radiated power) might have been fine according to the original de- sign, it actually required more like 1 00,000 watts erp. Many contacts were made with much less uplink power, but the received downlink was always weak,

56 73 Amateur Radio • December. 1989

telemetry beacon. 0N6UG and G2BF0 listened to the Mode S downlink frequencies during the tests to keep Peter instantly in- formed on the effects of his soft- ware modifications* The results were dramatic, Hams using less Shan 100 watts erp CW were able to make quality contacts through the Mode S passband. Thanks to the efforts of Peter and other tire- less supporters, we now have a fully functional microwave transponder on an amateur radio satellite.

An Extra ''Feature"

While equipment users call glitches in computer systems **bugs." programmers would rather refer lo them as ''features," not all of which are desirable. When the Mode S passband came online in August^ unexpected sig- nals were heard. Apparently a portion of the Mode B uplink pass* band also appears in the Mode S downlink.

The normal Mode S uplink range is from 435.602 MHz to 435,638 MHz< The corresponding noninverting downlink is from 2400.71 1 MHz to 2400.747 MHz. Mode B uplink signals on frequen- cies between 435.480 MHz and

Photo B. ThB Yaesu USA building in Cerritos, California.

435.516 MHz are also being

downlinked on 13 cm in the same band segment with Mode S opera- tors.

Mode S enthusiasts have found this feature an asset with few drawbacks On ttie plus side, they can use the Mode B frequencies for uplinking. and be heard on both S and B downlinks. This in- tngued Mode B users. The down- linked 2 meter signals are heard on lower sideband, since the B passband is inverting while Mode S is not. The B user can then re- configure his uplink sigoais to

as (ong as we have access to the 13cm band. The Phase 4 geosta- tionary hamsat will use the band extensively. The transponder on OSCAR 13 is working extremely well and offers a great opportunity to experiment , have a lot o( fun, and make a lot of contacts. Give it a try!

The *^ZRO" Test

The K2ZR0 Memorial Station Engineering Award Program, a contest focusing on operating skill and equipment performance, was started a few years ago via AM-

Photo C. One of the many benches for radio repair at Yaesu USA in California.

match the Mode S user and make contact. The S user can then tell the B operator the level of copy on 2400 MHz thus publicizing the ex- istence of an operational Mode S transponder passband.

The downside of the multiple uplink/downlink feature is the competition for space within the rather narrow 40 kHz Mode S

passband. The B frequencies which cross to Mode S are very popular. Finding an open spot to operate within the 2.4 GHz down- link can be a problem.

Mode S ts a mode that will be with the amateur satellite program

SAT-OSCAR-10. Named in honor of Kaz Oeskur K2ZR0. designer of the Satellite OSCAR tracking

A-0-1 3 Mode B ZRO
Test Schedule
downlink signals on	i45M40MHz
Date	Time
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73 Amateur Radro * December. 1989 57

calculator and long-lime AMSAT supporter, ihe program tests ihe tistening capabilfties of individu- efs with the best equipment they can bring together lor amateur satellite operation.

Since the attitude of 03CAR-10 is no longer controllable. OSCAR- 13 is used for the tests. A control station sends and repeats numer* ic code groups through the satel- lite's transponder al gradually re- duced power levels, starling al a level equal to the general beacon. Participants monitor and record the numbers until they have either copied the 10 wpm CW down to level "Z9" (27 dB below the bea- con), or untjl they can no longer hear the control stalion^s signals.

Those who can hear the satel- lite's beacon witi also be able to hear levet "Z(&" of the test and qualify for the basic award. The certincate is available through AMSAT-NA- For free verification reports to qualify numbers copied, send an SASE to my address above. The fun comes from up- grading station performance and then pursuing endorsement stick- ers for the lower power levels. The goal is to encourage stations to improve their downlink reception. Those who hear poorty tend to re- sort to unnecessary uplink ex-

cesses which drain the satellite s batteries and desensitize Ihe satellite transponder for low-pow- er operators.

The Table shows the dates and times of ZRO Tests scheduled for the end of this year and into 1 990« They were chosen for coverage, convenience, and optimum oper- ating conditions. The downlink frequency via the Mode B transponder is 145.940 MHz. Oth- er tests will be set up for Mode L with a downlink of 435.945 MHz. You can find the dates and times on the AMSAT HF Nets.

Only a handful of stations have copied and reported accurate "Z9" reception via Mode 8. The erp from the Test Control Station IS usually less than ONE watt at the "Z9" level. Only superb atten- tion to detail, care in assembling their stations, and a quiet RF envi- ronment will allow this kind of re- ceive performance.

8ut don't wait until you have the "perfect" station to participate. Reports have been received from enthusiasts using many types and sizes of antennas. One operator was on a t)oat wrth a 2 meter dipole. Another was in a car with a mag- mount. Others using simple 4-ele- ment yagi antennas, no preamps. and stock radios without exotic fil-

lers, have copied signals down to 15 dB below the beacon.

Next time a ZRO Test is on, lisr ten. Just how good is your 2 meter station? How does it stack up with other satellite enthusiasts?

A Look at Yaesu

I was In California recently, at the invitation of Yaesu USA. to participate on their advisory coun- cil. As t escaped the incredible traffic of Los Angeles and headed for their location in Cerritos, Cali- fornia, the satellite antennas, aimed at the sky, caught my eye before anything else. A pair of KLM crossed yagis were silently track- ing the passage of OSGAR-13. The mirrored front of the 17,000 square foot lacility. with over 40 employees, soon blocked my view, but I didn't mind — the new FT- 736R, auto-tracking system and RF Concepts amplifier couldn't be far away. Within minutes 1 was in- vestigating the gear and checking out the orbital predictions.

Chip Margelli K7JA. Yaesu's Vice President of Customer Ser- vices, had been tracking the satel- lite. In addition to his fascination with DX, Chip had caught the hamsat bug. Earlier this year Chip traveled to f^V Island between Finland and the Soviet Union to

put a new country on the satellite.

Yaesu has been featuring satel- lite-oriented gear for many years. Prior to the FT-736R and FT- 726R, older HF rigs sported op- tional transverters with extra posi- tions on the band selector labeled SAT. t, SAT. 2 and SAT.3. With the addition of an extra 10 meter receiver, the HF rtg/transverter would become a complete full-du- ple^ satellite station for Modes A (2 meters up and 10 meters down), B (70cm up and 2 meters down), and Mode J (2 meters up and 70cm down}. The newer rigs represent the logical progression from years of experience with satellite earlh*station functions,

A lour of the building proved fascinating. New rigs ready for shipment in the warehouse, care- hjlly-fabeled parts bins for rig re- pair^ and well-organized lab- bench areas occupied most of the complex. Some offices and con- ference-room areas were on the second floor, but most of the activ- ity was in the sales and customer service section. A new computer- ized system was being imple- mented for customer records and ordering information.

If you are in the Cerritos area* drop rn. The satellite station is nght up front and ready for contacts.

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58 73 Amateur Radto • December, 1989

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Thoughts of Dayton

I know it's strange to be writing about the 1989 Dayton Hamvenlion at this time of year, but then agam, we're already mofe than halfway to the 1900 gathering. Just the other day ! found myself wrtting a tetter of contirma- tion to their program chairman to teli him I would be attending. The Dayton Hamvention is amateur radio's largest and most popular gatbenng, wilti well over 30.000 people at- tending this April event each year. Start mak- ing your plans for Dayton now— holet rooms and plane seats get booked up early {

220 MHz— ICOM Says: Use It!

As far as new gear for the repealer user, my personal opinion is that ICOM stole the show a( Dayton '89 with the introduciion of the world's smallest full-feature 220 MH£ hand* held radio. The ultra tiny IC-3SAT weighs a mere 9-9 ounces and measures only 1.9" x 4.0" X 1 .2^. including its built-in 300 mAh, 7.2 volt battery. And when that power source is expended, you don't have to run to find a rap^d charger. Simply connect one of several op- tional battery packs to the bottom of the transceiver and keep right on operating!

This mini-mite of the handhelds has fea- tures that will make you the envy of the local club. These include 48 fully programmable memory channels that store operating fre- quencies and other information required for repeater operation; a calt^hannel with the same features; a DTMF encoder for auto- patching or control, wrth 10 DTMF code mem- ory channels of up to 15 digits; receiver full scan, memory scan, memory skip and priority channel watch; up to five watts power out» using a specialty designed ultra small high efficiency power module that requires only 1 3.7 volts DC; and an external power jack that doubles as a charger port for the internal battery.

It also has a feature never befom found in a handheld: The IC-3SAT has a built-in dock that rets it double as an alarm clock! The radio can be pre-programmed to turn itself on and off at pre-programmed times to allow you to fall asleep listening in on a late-night OSO and to wake up to the chatter of drive-time, if you so desire!

Options include the UT*49 DTMF Decoder. UT-50 Tone Squelch Unit, and UT-51 pro- grammable Tone Encoder, Availability through factory authorized ICOM dealers was late June. Regardless of what the FCC has in store for 1 V4 meters, the amateur radio indus- try is keeping its commitment. ICOM is show- ing its commilment to the users of 220 wilh a new radio that can only be described as as- tounding for Its size and performance.

There is now also a 2SAT and 4SAT avail- able, for 2m and 440 MHz, respectively.

Looking Toward 1990

I have reason to believe that Hamvention '90 wtll have a new look to it. You might say a

youn^r look because in 1990 the Hamven- tion hopes to attract some of the younger members of our "New World of Amateur Ra- dio." To do it* they have turned to one of the stars of that show— an energetic IS-year-old college student from Southern California named Kelly Howard N6PNY. And it really does read like a movie script:

Scene 1 . A Mexican restaurant in suburban Dayton, i* was over dinner, before catching flights home, that Burt Hicks WB6MQV. Mathan Pyle KB6PLH , Kelly and myself joined the Hamvention team for an after^it's-all-over celebration dinner. Kelly struck up a conver- sation with a number of key Hamvention plan- nerSn Among them were General Chairman Bill McNabb WD8SAY, Assistant General Chainnan {^nd 1990 General Chairman) Ed Hillman N8ALN, and DARA Youth Activities Director Terry Falknor N8EE0. Her subject was simple. She wanted to see more young adults in amateur radio, and the astute Miss Howard realized that the Dayton Hamvention is an event that can dazzle the most cynical teenager. It was time for the Hamvention to have a session specifically geared for young people, but not one run by an "old guard" type who is mostly interested in selling Morse CQcie*

Who knows teens better then another teen?, argued Kelly. Her words found fertile soil. By the time Noel McKewon WB8QQC dragged us off to the airport, Kelly got carte blanche lo help organise any youth activity for Dayton '90. As we made our rush to our re- spective airlines— she and Nathan on Ameri- can to San Diego and Burt and me on TWA to Los Angeles^it was obvious that Kelly Howard N6PNY had some fascinating ideas on recruiting teens to amateur radio. Fade to black.

Scene 2. My den and office in Saugus^ Kelly ts now livmg in Los Angeles and getting ready to start college. This particular afternoon we are talking about Dayton weekend. It was her first and my 17th or 18th. She tells me what she wants to do at Hamvention '90. She wants to have a session where teens who are hams talk to teens who are interested in becoming hams. Where those wilh licenses and the abili- ty to communicate with the^ peers give the hands-on experience of amateur radio to teens who know ham radio only as something that their dad or neighbor plays at as an old person's hobby. Kelly tells me young hams like herself can reach other teens and young adults. She says that it's imfxirtant for her to try. So, I suggest that she tell this to the folks in Dayton and see what they say.

Scene 3. Dissolve to my living room. Sharon IS watching TV J'm reading a copy of another ham mag. A few minutes and two phone calls later, Kelly emerges from the office with the biggest smile across her face that I have ever seen. She sold her idea welt enough to be asked to host the first-ever Dayton Hamven- tion Young People's Forum. And what will she present? Freezeframe and font over "To Be Continued."

Actually, she will be telling you that herself. I invited Kelly to be a guest writer for the next

60 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

4

I

Looking West coiumn. In the meantime, those of you with youngsters from 9 to 1 9 mtght want to make pfans to bring them with you to Hamvention "90. Keify and her friends have a very special day planned. Who knows^ after this session you may be arguing with your son or daughter over who*s going get first dibs wrth the radio on weekends, or shelling out some extra bucks to buy your offspring an HT.

The Lights of the City

I realty cannol end this month's cofumn without a personal word of appreciation to the Dayton Amateur Radio Association and the Hamvention Committee. In April of this year they chose to honor me as the t989 Radio Amateur of the Year. It was something that caught me completely by surprise, and it's an honor I will treasure to my dying day.

Some may view an award of this type as a measure of personal success. I look at it quite differently. To me. receiving an award — any award— means that you're making a valid conthbulion, and that you now have an even greater responsibility to continue and do even better so that you continue to deserve such an honor.

When I accepted the award, I asked every- one present to join me in dedicating it and the years ahead to the renewal of amateur radio- to the young and young of iieart, who will pick up the banner of this great hobby and service, and carry it forth Into the next century and beyond. Thanks to young, energetic and dedi- cated young hams like Kelly Howard N6PNY and Nathan Pyle KB6PLH. we are beginning to see a tiny btt of light at the end of a dark tunnel called apathy. There is still a long way to go.

As I close this month's Lookmg West, I ask that each of you join with me in this dedication, and that we direct our energies to bringing the youth of this nation to the hobby that we tove. If we each "Elmer" into amateur radio only on© new young ham, we can significantly boost our ranks — and give our nation a new base of potential engineers and technicians that it so badty needs.

Let's stop hoarding amateur radto as if It were some secret to t>e prized by the few and kept from the many. Let's open outdoors to all who have the interest.

The 1990s will soon be with us and the day when Morse Code is King is dead. The new ''Morse Key" is the hand-held most of us carry on our belts. The new long-wire Is the rubber- ducky. The new DX is relayed by ham satel- lites tn the sky. Some of us might even live long enough to hold a QSO through the first repeater on the moon. But only the young can make ihat happen, and the young will only come to amateur radio if they can bring their modem thinking with them. I for one say it*s time to stop idolizing the traditions of yester- day and start building the traditions of the future, I say this because J love ham radio from the deepest reaches of my heart- Thank you, Dayton, for making 1989 a year that witl live with me into eternity. More impor- tant, thank you Dayton for recognizing Ihat the future of amateur radio is with the young. You are doing more then your share. Let*s hope other conventions and hamfests will follow your lead. It's time to telt the kids of the nation that we want them and that we caref. . .de WA6ITF

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■ ^

Ham Doings Around the World

Listings are free of charge as space permits. Piease send us your Sp&ciaf Event two months in advance of the issue you want it to appear in. For example, if you want it to appear in the June issue, we should receive it by March 31. Provide a clean concise summafy of the essential details about your Special Event.

DEC 2-3

APACHE JUNCTION AZ The Supersiiliof* ARC 41 h Annual Mamfesi wm be held al the P & M Rodeo Grounds Saturday from dawn 1o dusk, Sunday from dawn to noon, Talf(-ln: 147J2/Pep&aier, Contact Biff or M&rge Gi32^. HA7BUFMtYCZ(&m 032-3955.

1st Saturday Every Montti

LITTLETON CO Tne Denver W5YI VE Team holds exam s^as&ions at 9 AM at itie Bemis Lrbrary. Contact Tony Mafquette. (303) 773-2087 or K&ff Chgmn, {303} 696-

SPECIAL EVENT STATIONS

DEC 2-3

SACRAMENTO CA The Sacramento ARC Will operate Stmion W6AK from Sutter's Fort Irom 17302 Saturday lo 2330Z Sun- day to oe^ebfaie Sacfamenlo's SesquicentennJat Frequ«neier SSB 14 30D. 21 400. 28 450 (cfayj: 3.962, 7 270. 14.300 (nigtit). CW: 14 050 For QSL send SASE 10 S&Cfamenfo ARC, PO. Box i 6 1903, S&cr^mento CA

EVEDGLADES NATIONAL PARK FL Station W4SV1 will be operated ai ihe Flamir^go Camp GfO'urKis by ihe Everglades ARC. from 1400 UTC Saturday untji t90a

UTC SuiKJay^ to cetebrate Ihe 42nd Annrver- sary of Everglades NatkMial Parft. Frequen- cies: Pnone: 7,230. 14,240, 21 330. 25 375; CW: 7 030, 14 030, 21 130 Send QSL and 2 unlt3 of postage for an unfolded certifrcate to Evorgtades ARC P.O. Box 113, Hom&sisad FL 33090^1 13.

DEC 26-31

SAN BENITQ IX Tbe San Bents ARC fi|ierate Stalion WA2VJL to celebrate Itie wefl deserved "R & R of Sania and Rudolph in the Lower Rio Grand© Valley of Soulh Texas. Let the little ones wjsh Santa a sale tf ip honie. Excharkge (ocaJ weatber ir>fo and anylbing eise Frequencies: SSB 21 350 and 2fl.32S Time of i^ieraiion wiK ifepend mi band cdndi- lions. writi (weeftday) 1 500-0200, aruf an day weekends. For cenificaie send 9 ^^ )« ii wjth QSL to SantE CfBiis, c/o San BemtQ ARC. P. O.B0X }382. San Sen/fo TX ?a56& 1382.

DEC 30- JAN 1

PASADENA CA The Retay Repealer ARC wiiQf»rate ke^pe from tbe Wrigley Mansion \o Commemoraie Itie 10 UK Annr^ersary o1 the ToLirnamGnt of Roses The station will operate from 1600Z-0400Z each day, Fre- quencies: 1 4 260, 21 335. and 28.450 f^Jovice/ Tech frequencies and/or OflM For Ceflifr e&Sif send QSL and 9 x 12 SASE to Reiay flepearef Ciab. PQ Box Bi. Afcsdia CA 9t00&50f9

^

73 ^mtttut Red ID

STATEMEhtT OF dWNEftSHIP. MANAQiMEIMT AND CIRCULATEOA

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62 73 Amateur Radio • December. 1989

Z' 500,000 Radio Amateur Call Signs at ^xir Fingertips

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73 Amateur Radio • December. 1909 63

Number 21 on your Feedback card

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Upda

DXD A Country List/ October 1989

A group of countries were accidentally dropped from the list t>efore it went to press. They are: Chad (TT). Chagos (V09). Chatham Island CZL). Chesterfield Island (FK8), Chile (CE), China (BY). Christmas Island {VK9X), Clrpperton Island (FO0), Cocos Island (TO), Cocos/Keelmg Island (VK9Y). Cotombia (HK). Comino Island (9H). Comores (D6), Congo (TN). Cook Island (ZK1). Corsica (TK), Costa Rica fri), Crete (SV9). and Cuba {CO). 73 re- grets any inconvenience this may have caused anyone.

Kaboom Micro Keyer/

September 1989

John Curtis of Curtis Electro Devices sent us his suggestions for enhancing the Kaboom Micro Keyer, Connect pin 12 of the 8044 either lo pin 16 or to pin 1 for termination. This "un- floats" the CMOS input, reducing battery drain and the chance of it going into oscilla- tion. John also suggests using a single tran- sistor for Ihe output, and. If necessary, lower- ing the value of the drive resistor (e.g., from 4.7kQ to 1 kD) to give increased drive.

For previous changes to the original Micro Keyer article, see "Updates" in the October issue of 73.

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64 73 Amateur Radio • December. 1989

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PLL Brick Oscillators

Not wishing to re-invent the wheel (and being lazy). I would like to Introduce you to the "Shck," a phase locked local os^ dilator packaged in a small metal bfock housing about half the size of a small paving brick.

This surplus high-siability mi- crowave oscillator is the same type used for naf rowband FM and SSBcontactson3, 5, andlOGHz. For a 1 0 GHz preamplif ier. see the August 1989 issue of 73, This re^ ceiving low-noise amp with 18 dB gain also doubles as a transmit- ting amplifier with about +8 dBm output. This preamp and brick os- dilator comblnaJion make a veiy simple microwave transceiving converter.

A simple, stable local ascillator (LO) is the key to ope rating on your chosen band. Even in some of the better kits for our microwave bands, the LOs tack stability and purity, both crucial Items. You can build mixers and amps from stir* pliis devices.

All the oscillators Tve obtained over the years have been surplus items costing $20"-50 each, de- pending on condition. Recently, I picked up some bricks from Alan Dickerson N5BXH, who obtained them from CoHins Microwave sales in Richardson, Texas. Many years ago, I attended a microwave school at the same Collins plants

and spent my time off in their sal- vage store picking up my first bfick. I had been using them com- mercially, but this was the first one I could experiment on, as they were very expensive then at $1 700 each.

Brick oscillators are popular be* cause theyVe compact and easy to use. In a microwave station, they elimtnate the need for any other oscillator multiplier chain or signal source from microwave to your basic IF conversion frequen- cies. With a brick oscillator and its respective internal crystal, and a mixer, you have the basic setup for transceiving on either narrow- band FM or SSB; on 10 GHz, or Other microwave frequency.

Ed Barbacow K3ZCY (FM09A V} advertises his passion irj ham radfo art his ifcense plate.

one of the transistors goes open, lowering output power* Though ir$ unsuitable for commercial use, it's still fine for amateur use. The high power oscillator is multiplied to the higher mi- crowave band by a very efficient step*recovery diode {high priced varactor). producing many high

"4 simple, stable local oscillator

(LO) is the key to operating on your

chosen (microwave) band, "

Inside the Brick

Though there are many brick manufacturers, California Mi- crowave and Frequency West (t>oih in the San Franscisco area) are the most popular. Alt brick os- cillators have a high power mi- crowave oscillator in the 1.2-1.4 or 1 .7-2.0 GHz range. Power out* put is about 1 watt. Two. three, or four transistors in parallel form the oscillator circuit for different pow- ar output levels. Sometimes com- panies junk these devices when

order harmonics. In the case of the 1.7 GHz oscillator, the sixth harmonic is bandpass tittered (low toss), and provides high loss to the other, unwanted harmonics- This filter has an easy fob, as the har- monics are widely spaced (1.7 GHz). Power output from the filter is about +10 to +20 dBm with -hio dBm being normal on the surplus (bad) units I've obtained.

The neat trick of these oscilla- tors is thai they maintain frequen- cy at 1 0 GHz to about 200 Hz for

too. 225490 MHi

K |T

ir03.B333MN}

0SC?LL*TOll

^

AMP

^

varactoa

OetECTOft - WlVER

-^

tOWPiUlAl'OR SEARCH UIP

1 4

.

t

f

\ !

I

VJUIACTOVf FWEOyiUCT CO*lT

rol

'

OUT

«

^

SUT

OUTPUT FiLtER S^ fi 0 0 fi jg

ViSflCTOR POWER WULt 4fi

in ustfswT^.

Lf V «ni

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POWfS OUT

l?Dl.ai33 WHt

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3S5MH1

CTflVlTY 0St)LL*TOfi

POWER 5liPf*LT

-20V

Figure 1. Stock diagram for your basic microwave brick oscittator. 60 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

short term (several day) stability. Frequency drift over a week of op- eration would yield errors at 10 GHz of 5 to 10 kHz. With better temperature stability applied to the too MHz crystal, errors have been reduced to 2,4 kHz per week. The surplus cost of the bricks modest compared to a crys- tal oscillator and its multiplier string, makes the brick more than worth it. Thus, this makes them ideal for narrowband operations, or operations that require high stability, such as packet and other data transmissions and SSB.

How the Brick Works

It's quite simple. The brick oper- ates from a -19 volts. An internal crystal reference oscillator oper- ates in the 96 to 108 MHz range, depending on microwave output frequency. The crystal oscillator is buffered and amplified in a power amplifier to about V2 watt.

The power amplifier stage drives a varactor to produce a sig- nal rich in harmonics to the signal mixer. The high power microwave oscillator is also injected into an- other port of the signal mixer. The sum/difference product from the signal mixer is applied to a video amplifier whose output controls a varactor in the high power mi- crowave oscillator cavity. See Fig- ure 1 for a block diagram of the brick oscillator.

The sum/difference product ap- plied to the video amplifier changes its DC output higher or lower, biasing the varactor to try to k>ck up the microwave oscillator to a harmonic of the crystal refer* ence- The circuitry of the brick os- cillator is such that, if lock is lost, there is a sweep circuit that will cause the microwave oscillator to vary in frequency (slow fixed-rate sweep) in an attempt to regain lock.

However, if the circuit is so far out of lock, you have to restore (lock) range with a mechanical

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73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989 67

mm

adjaslment. Normally, the mi* crowave oscillator will lock over a 1 0 to 20 MHz range. All this house cleaning is taken care of with in- ternal circuitry, as the brick is ^completely seff-contained. Lock indicalioo is verified by the "0V'" or phase terminal on the brick. When not in lock, the bnck will be fixed at -9.5 volts.

When the brick is in lock, adjust the microwave cavity while watch- ing the "0V'' or phase terminal with a voltmeter; it will vary from atrout -2 to about - 13 volts. The brick is mechanically set to -73 volts, the center of its lock-in range.

You can verify thai the crystal oscillator is functioning property by metenng the crystal terminal. You'H read about 1-2 volts, de- pending on crystal activity and cir- cuit adJListmBnt. Guilt for the tele- phone companies where power is positive ground, these units require a -19 volts at 500 mA. with slightiy higher current until the crystal oven throttles back. Some of the oscilla- tors are marked for -20 voltSp and the difference is that these units have an internal rectifier diode protecling the oscillator from accidental reverse polarity, It also drops the input voltage 0.7 volts, making both oscillators otherwise identicaK

Crystals for the bncks are specially ordered for each type, as they are cut lo a very ck)se tolerance. For a Frequency West brick, type MS-54XOL (to GHz) is needed for 10.223 GHz. Specify part #585132 from Inter- national Crystal If your brick is different, and you're ynable to locate the exact type of crystal^ give them all the informa- tion on your oscillator type. Cost per crystal runs about $15.

Modifrcatlons for the Brick

With simple modifications, you can outfit brick oscillators with connectors on the high power os- cillator, tapping part of the power for uses still locked in the 1.2 or 1.7 GHz range, depending on which type of brick you have. Also, you can use this connector for in- lection to a different varactor mul- tiplier filter for other frequency combinations.

These bricks don*t operate on

our bands, so you need to adjust them. First, adjust the output filter to pass the next lower frequency harmonic. This retunes them from 11 GHz to the lower 10 GHz range. In my Frequency West brick modal MS-740MXOL-37, a

power output is just less than 1 milliwatt. This has worked pattis over too miJes. How aboLit that for QRP? Couple this with relay switching and preamps, and you have an axceflent station operat- ing SSB or 5 kHz deviation FM.

''AU the (microwave) oscillators I've

obtained over the years have been

surplus items costing $20-50 each,

depending on condition, "

crystal at 100.225490 MHz is mixed (the seventeenth harmon- ic) with the microwave oscillator (locked) at 1703.8333 MHz. The 1703.S333 MHz oscillator (high power) is multiplied (times six) to

Ma if box

That's it on the brick this month; ril soon cover mixers and their use. Now. for the Mailbox. Curt Law WA2PIV/KL7 reports tnstalla- tion of a new 1 0 GHz beacon oper-

rr^L MUUST

UTTAL MONITQS [SMALL CQMlALi

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rr

our 10 GHz frequency, or 10.223 GHz. This is mixed with a 2 meter iF 145 MHz. and then you have 10.366 FM or SSB, depending on the IF unit capability.

The most common surplus bricks I've obtained are in the 10, 6, 3, and 2 GHz ranges. The oscillator scheme is similar in all other models. Once you obtain an oscillator and mixer combination for any of our microwave bands, you're almost ready to place a mi- crowatt transceiver in operation. Wrth such a setup (no preamp),

ating from Kodlak Island on the northern edge of the Heitman Ridge. The beacon operates on 10.260 GHz, 10 mW, 75 feet up a tower. The antenna is a 17 dB horn pointed towards Washington State. The beacon will be on the air until the access road to the mi- crowave site freezes. Contact Curt for info at PO Box 1538, USCG,KodiakAK99619.

Ed K3ZCY reports having an 1 1 GHz surplus transceiver and wants to know how to turn it into a 10 GHz transceiver. The unit uses

WR-75 lWG-17). the next size smaller guide than the normal WR-90 (WG-16). Not to fret, Ed^s soltd slate Raytheon radio is quite usable at 1 0 GHz, especially the brick oscillators and the TWT (trav- eJing-wave tube) amplifier (20 watt output), mixers, and waveguide components. The radio's base- band IF system can be bypassed and replaced by a 2 meter HT.

In the above case, if SSB or nar- rowband FM is desired, the rest of the equipment isn't used, Bui if TV were used, the entire IF system might be used at 70 MHz. Con- cerning the antenna feed^ it's best to stay with waveguide due to its very low loss, 30 feet of waveg- uide WR-75 would have about 1 .3 dB loss, far better than any coaxial cable. See Ed's license plate in the photo.

Stephen N8JAF in the Dayton area would like to e^ablish a 10 GHz link about three miles away. He'd like to hear from any other mi- crowavers in the Dayton area. Jay NtGBS is collecting components for his microwave station, while Bruce N8IRW is lookmg lor a manual or schematic to an Alfred 6540 7-1 1 GHz sweep os- cillator. He would appreci- ate any assistance, Andy N6HDS reports that all Ihe BMWs and Porsches re- act when he goes 10 GHz mobile! Looks like the radar detectors are work- ing just fine.

James Fisher from Sacramento writes. "I am a 'soon to be Novice' radio Ham." He expects to take his exam tn a few weeks. He is very interest* ed in microwave commu- nications and is looking forward to experimenting with home-brew micro- wave equipment. He ts especially interested m various technical publica- tions concerning microwave relat- ed items. I notified him about the North Texas Microwave Group newsletter* If you're interested in this bi-monthly publication, con- tact Wes Atchison WA5TKU, Ht. 4, Sanger, Texas 76266. Dues are $12 a year.

Wish I could comment on all the letters Tve received, but space dictates only a few. Thanks for your support. As always, 111 be glad to answer any questions. Please send an SASE for prompt reply. 73s, Chuck WB6iGP,

68 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

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Great Ideas From Our Readers

Copy Better RTTY on the KAM

! came up with this circuit because t was getting a lot of hits on traffic nets using RATT (RAdio TeJeType), known as RTTY in the ham circles. ! use the Kantronics all-mode (KAM) TNC and the Kenwood TS-440S, which has a good AGC system. It re- sponds however, to on(y the strongest of the two tones in a RTTY signal. Unfortunately, Tve found no way to disable the AGC action in the 440S. Changing the time constant or biasing the radio up a bit with the RF gain conlrol can help reduce the problem, but not defeat it entirely.

Since the problem is selective fade on only one tone al a time, tt^t tone falls below the TTY de- tector threshold of the KAM and the character fails to print. Curing the problem with an amp may first come to mind, but the input specs of the KAM prevent yoii from giv- ing it more than a 1 p-p signal. By slightly ampttfying the weak tone signal with a single-stage op amp (without letting the strong tone over-drive the detector in the KAM

Figure U

unit)j you can achieve improved circuit operation and belter printing.

As long as the output of the op amp is below the barrier potential of the diodes (1 N91 4), the ampiifi' er stage has a gain of 10.000. As pin 6 (outputj goes above this level, the feedback through the diodes reduces the gam to less than unity. Consequently, everything, including noise, is am- plified and clipped to about l voEt p-p. This happens on a cycle- to-cycle basis. The limit is soft to the extent that the edges of the output are rounded, minimizing harmonic distortion. Now hits oc- cur only when one of the tones goes complefely away; that will simply kill a letter, rather than a whole word.

At first, \ used a dual ±12 volt DC supply, but later decided to

use the station signal + 12 volt DC supply. I used a readily available GBRCA CA3140 op amp. which is a good op amp with FET input and operates well on a single voltage power supply. The circuit worked better with pin 3 biased to pin 7 rather than to 6 volts DC. Using a t pF coupling capacitor, I obtained a differentiated wave shape output, but a 22|iF output coupling capacitor solved this problem.

NOTE: This circuit does not work on HF packet. The amplified noise keeps the TNC in the KAM from sensing an open channel preventing transmission.

Phillip W.EIrod

K4COF/AFA2KQ

Ooraville GA

Drive the MM 432/28 with the IC-745

Here's a way to use the 745, or any HF rig that has a minimum output of 10 watts, to drive the Microwave Modules 432i28 transvener. I turned the output all !he way down and used a 16 dB attenuator in the output. The accompanying circuit is the attenuator. Refer to the VHF/UHF /Want/a/ from G. R. Jessop G6JP, pub- lished by the Rad*o Society of Great Bntain. for an extensive discussion of this.

Parts: R1. R2 - 680. 1W; R3. R4 = 390. 1W: and R5.R6 = 68Q, 1/2W.

Bob Bartelings VE6CBN Alberta Canada

Figure 2.

3-Posttion, Multi-Mode Switch Box

It's not uncommon to find stations outfitted with RTTY. packet. FAX, and SSTV equiph ment, A 3*position switch adds convenience and saves lime — ^no more disconnecting and recon- necting*

This control box was designed for the Kenwood TS-830S, It'll also work with the 520, S20, and 530S, and rigs which use a standard 4-pin micro- phone jack. The circuit consists of a 3-pote, S-throw (3P3T)

4-Pm CMASStS MOUtfT JMCf^S imTEftiOft CHASSIS VIEW I

INPUT A

OS?

INPUT Q

IWPUT C

POLf

oil

Ttm

aA lA 3A

I POLE I

B

B

VIEW FROM PULfG FRONT —

Figure 3. 70 73 Amateur Radio • Decemtier, 1989

nonshorting rotary switch.

Mount the switch on the chas- sis. I put the cabling and 3-input jacks on the back panel and rotary switch on the front. Follow the pin Eayout carefully; be sure you don't cross-wire any connections, since you're working from the back of the chassis-mount microphone jacks.

Before using the control box, recheck your work with an ohm- meter. Shorts or cross-wiring could damage your transceiver or any interfacing equipment.

Parts: 3 4-pin chassis mount

Photo A. Multi-mode controfier, front view.

socket, RS 274-002, $1 .29 each; 1 4-pin mike plug, RS 274-001 p Si 69 each; 1 metai cabinet. RS 271*251A. $2.99. and 1 3P3T ro- tary nonshorting switch. Other items include solder, hook-up wire, and single conductor wire with braided shield. For the finish- ing touch, try DATAJC" transfer let- tering and a light coat of ciear spray enamel.

No more multi-mode patch cord bluesl

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4872TrailsideCt.

Huber Heights OH 45424

Photo B. Multi-mode controller, back view.

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Walkies and Chips- it s a Mod, Mod World

While researching another arti- cle. I recenlly spoke with Chip Margelli K7JA of Yaesu USA. I mentioned the FT*41 1 's tack of re* ceiver sensilivlty on the public ser- vice bands, and he described a modification lo improve the per- formance. I tried It and it works, (although not as dramatically as I'd hoped) If your rig is out of war- ranty and you'd like lo do the mod, the section below tells how:

First of all, please don't do this unless you Feel competeni to do so! This radio incorporates the most up-to-date mlriiaturtzation techniques, mcTuding extensive use of surface mount technology, and ! do not wani to be instrumen- tal in anyone's damaging his rig. If you're not sure you're up to it, en- list a friend who is.

FT-41t Modification

RenK>ve the battery pack and the two silver screws on the bot- tom nearest the front of the radio. Now, remove the two black screws on the back. One is just below the pit switch and the other is just below the hook for the carry- ing strap. Now, carefully lift the front panel up from the battery end. then pull gently downward. It'll pop open at the top,

Gently turn it over to the right. It is held by a ribbon cable, and you must not pull hard on it. or it could break. Look down at the circuit board contained in the back half of the fadio> There are three small IF cans mounted in a vertical row on the motherboard- Usmg a small adjustment tool, turn the top two of them fully clockwise, then back them out just a tad. When turning them in, be extremely careful that you don't force them past their natural stopping points, or you may damage the cores or (he coils themselves.

That*s all there is to it[ Close the rig up by fitting the front panel in at the top and then pressing the two halves together. (Don't forget to replace the strap hook first!) Rnal- ly, replace the screws.

Chip claims there is little or no effect on ham band reception, and that reception of the public service

The Tech Answer Man

band frequencies will be signifi- cantly enhanced. This seems to be the case with my rig. (In tact, new *411s are being aligned this way at the factory.)

Alignment Tool

By the way, if you don't have a proper plastic alignment tool, you can make a temporary one from a 0-Tip. as long as it's the kind with a wound paper stem. The blue plastic kind doesn't work.

Just cut one end off, then shape the stem end by cutting it with a pair of dikes. It should last long enough to get the job done. One thing I definitely don*t recommend is using a screwdriver to adjust coils. The cores are brittle and they can crack sfery easily if they stick while you're turning them with a screwdriver, A cracked core is a disaster!

Thanks for the Memories

I go! a very nice tetter from Bob K9JMP, in which he relates an klea suggested by Ciaude WA9KCU. You can use any walkie that can store independent receive and transmit frequencies in memory to hold extra frequencies, as long as they're just for receiving. Simply program them in as the sptil trans- mit frequencies, and then use the * Veverse" function to get at them. Voil^— two frequencies in one memory.

Of course, they won't scan, but at least they'll be there. Seems to me the technique should be espe- cially useful when you're traveling and run out of memories in which to place local repeaters. Stash some of your home or public ser- vice band frequencies as Claude suggests, and youVe ready to go! It's one of those ideas that makes you wonder, *'Why didn't I think of that?"

Too Much QRM, OM

Sounds like something you'd hear on 20 meter DX, right? We![, now we have auto-ORM on 2 me- ter packet as well No. not QRM from cars. Tm referring \o hash from the TNG getting into the rig and making reception difficult or even impossible. It appears to be worst on 145.01 (good old Mur- phy), and especially seems to be a problem when TNCs are used with walkies.

Unlike mobile rigs, many HTs

have partial or even total plastic cases, and the hash can get right into the receiver without benefit of antenna. Toroids on connecting cables, and even remote anten- nas, may not help. The TNCs clock oscillator generates a har- monic which just happens to fall on 145.01. causing this problem.

The solution is to open up the TNC and look for a trimmer capac- itor associated with the clock crys- tal* Turn it slightly while listening to the receiver, and you should be able to shift the harmonic away from the packet frequencies. TWO operation should not be affected in any way. as the oscillator's fre- quency change will be very slight.

If your TNC has no trimmer, check ihe schematic and you should find a fixed capacitor of maybe 47 pF or so. either across or in series with the crystal. Try adding another cap. perhaps 4.7 pF, in parallel with it and that should do rt.

Pass the Chips

We ail know that our gear Is Hlled with integrated circuits, or chips. Most of us know what they fook like. Surprisingly, though, lots of hams have little or no idea what is inside those Httle black boxes with all the legs. So, let's explore them.

YouVe heard that chips can contain lots of transistors. How the heck do you fit all those things into something so small? What's more, how do you connect them? Are there little tiny wires or what? Wetl, sort of, but not quite. There are lots of parts and conductive paths between them, but they're not separate. Instead^ they're in- tegrated on a common surface, called a substrate. Hence the name "integrated circuit.'*

Transistors are made by im* planting certain chemicels into a semiconductor surface, usually silicon, in layers. The meeting points of the layers constitute the junctions where the transistor ef- fect occurs. So. why not build these layers on a large area and make many transistors at once? Obviously, simply using a large area would result in one big tran- sistor! Some sort of isolation from area to area is needed to establish a circuit path.

Photography provides the means. If you ve ever developed your own film, or made a printed circuit tward, you're familiar with the concept of etching. A light- sensitive solution is placed on the material to be etched (for a PC board, that's copper), and then

the pattern to be etched is focused on the surface by means of a mask. The areas which receive light chemically harden, while the dark areas do not. A dip in an acid bath leaves only the hardened areas, and the board is ready to be drilled and stuffed with parts.

Essentially the same thing Is done with chips, except on a mi- croscopic scale. Starting with sili- con, not only the conductive paths, but the parts themselves, are etched onto the chip layer by layer. Chips are really three-di- mensional, often with several lay- ers of aluminum conducting paths as well as various multilayer Iran*

ststors, resistors, and even capac- itors. Many chips can be made

side by side on the same "wafer/'

or piece of silicon.

tnside the IC

Qettmg all this to actually work requires some of the most expen- sive and sophisticated manufac- turing equipment on Earth. The alignment of the masks from layer to tayer must be extremely pre- cise, or the circuit elements won't line up. Machines called '^ wafer steppers*' do the job, and each one costs about one million doilarsl

At that size scale, the tiniest piece of dust is like a giant boul- der, and can obscure a piece of the circuit during the exposure process, rendering the finished chip defective. Elaborate "clean rooms" are used— the cleanest rooms in existence* making the average hospital operating room look positively filthy. All told, mil- lions of dollars' worth of equip- ment are required to produce even a single chip. ICs are cheap only because so many can be made at once, splitting the cost among miHions of chips. If there were only 10 microprocessors in the world, each one would proba- bly be worth about S50 million.

The fundamental limitation on how many parts can be put on a chip is, of course, how small each part can be made. Currently, that is limited by the wavelength of the light used to expose the wafer. Surface features less than one mi- cron (one one-millionth of a meter) in size are now t}eing explored us- ing electron or ion beams instead of light.

Whew! There*s iois more to chip making, from the precise "cooking" of the chemicals into the silicon, to the packaging and connecting of leads. But this should give you a good feel for what's inside those leggy little

72 73 Amateur Radio * December, 1989

beasts compnsing so much of your radro*s innards. Now let's look at some letters:

Dear Kaboom,

When my son was in Japan, he bought me a Kenwood TH'2i. Fe* nod. No "A/* "AT/* etc. The ng has no offset switch at atf. Please describe how I can install the plus/ minus feature.

Signedi The Simplex Blues

Dear Simplex,

Wow, that's a tough one! The regular TH-21AT uses separate crystals in one of the heterodyne oscillators, along with some TX/ RX switching, to achieve the off- sets. Since yours has no offset switch, t would expect that it also doesn't have the supporting offset circuitry. Especially considering

the '21 *s mtniaturization level, which inclodes extensive surface- mounting of parts. It's tjkely not worth trying.

You'd be better off usmg the rig for packet (which is a simplex op- eration) or selling it to someone for that purpose^ and getting another HI- But before you do. check to see that the radio is actually de- signed for simplex use. and does not simply have a Rxed offset.

Dear Kaboom,

My old Yaesu Memonzer mo- bile rig picks up quite a bit of alter* nator whine, especially In trans- mit. I can live with it, but I want to know, can It hurt the rig to use It this way^

Signed, Whine, Whine, Whine

Dear Whine,

It sure can. Alternator whine is caused by spikes on the DC power line. The spikes are caused by the rectified current pulses from the alternator being fed to the car battery. They can be quite large and can damage transistors and ICs in your rig. The cure is fairly simple.

Go to Radio Shack or an auto parts place^ and get a noise filter choke. Put \\ in sehes with the pos^ itive power input to your rig. If there is still some whine, try placing a large filter cap {a few thousand microfarads or more), fated for at least 50 volts, acfoss the radio's power leads, AFTER the choke. Be sure to observe correct polarity when installing the cap, and do it with the positive lead disconnected from the car. That ought to clear it up.

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The Antenna SpeciaKsts Co-'s new Model AP-143 ^'On-Glass*''^ disguise antenna covers the 2 me- ter band. It borrows the "pigtail" configuration of cellular antennas to disguise the presence of pio- fessional radio equipment inside the vehicle.

The capacitively coupled trans- mission through glass requires no ground plane and permits quick, no-holes installation. VSWR is less than 1.5:1. Power rating Is 100W continuous and 1 SOW inter* mittent. The 26" stainless steel whip is covered with a black DURA-COAT" finish. Suggested retail, S65. The Anferrna Speciai- ists Co., 30500 Bruce industrial Parkway, Cl&vetand OH 44139- 3996. Tel. (216) 349-8400. TLX 4332133. Or circle Reader Ser- vice No, 205,

COMMAND TECHNOLOGIES, INC,

The Commander HF-2500 high frequency amplifier delivers 1500 watts of continuous carrier output using a pair of Eimac 3CX800A7 triodes requiring 50-80 watts of drive. It operates on 160. 80, 40. 20. and 15 meters, andthe WARC bands. With an easy modification, it can perform on 10 meters. Maxi- mum plate dissipation is 1600 watts. It can handle higti duty cy- cle emissions, such as RTTY, SSTV, FM and AM . as well as SSB rag-chewing and CW.

Other features include negative going ALC with easy rear panel adjustment for tuning, harmonic suppression, fntermodulation dis- tortion better than 35 dB below

rated output, and full-cabinet pressurized forced-air chassis for cooling.

The 70-pound. 17'x16'x7¥a' Commander HF-2500 is $2180. Command Technologies, inc., 1117 West High Street, PO Box 939, Bryan OH 43506. (419) 636- 0443 or Customer Service (800) 736-0443, Or circle Reader Ser- vice No. 202.

tt

TCE LABORATORIES

TCE Labs of San Antonio an* noynces almost 100% of the users of their Model BX TVl filter report no trace of interterence* Tom W4PSC, retired research en- gineer and ham for 52 years, says he designed this fitter out of ne- cessity; he had tried every filler available on the market, and his TVl remained unchanged.

The Model BX TVl filter attaches to the F-connec- lor cable TV input or coax cable VCR input. TCE Labs sells the BX filter for $23, and Model CX for the neighbor's TV or VCR for SI 8 (shipping in- cluded: Texas residents add 8% sales tax). TCE also sells an effective telephone filter for $16 (add $2 S^H; if ordered separately). Send check or UQ to TCB LABS, 587$ Sun Ridge, San Antonio TX 78247. Or call (512) 656-3635 for more information or (800) 545- 5834 (1800 KILL TVl) for immedi- ate delivery. Or circle Reader Service No. 203.

Power requirement for this 5.37 kilogram {with paper roll) printer is 120V AC or 13.8V DC. ACE Communications, tnc, 22511 Aspan Street, El Toro CA 92630^6321. (714) 581-4900 or (800) 523-6366, FAX (714) 768-4410. Of circle

Reader Service No. 204.

ACE COMMUNICATIONS, INC,

The WX-1000 produces hard copy Images from radio facsimile services, including NOAA weath- er chart, NFAX, press photo, and satellite weather pictures from NOAA, GOES, and METEOR, etc. It requires audio output from a shortwave or S-band receiver ca- pable of receiving facsimile sig- nals. The built-in high resolution. 24-pin thermal printer produces crisp images, ti's aiso capable of producing gray scale, ideal for APT (Automatic Picture Transmis- sion) by weather satellite.

HEIL SOUND

The Hell BM-5 single-element boomsel is one side of the Heil BM-10 dual-headphone boomset. This new BM-5 is great for mobile use in states where dual-element earphones are illegal. The micro- phone boom is available with ei- ther of the Heil ''Key Element" cartridges— the HC-5 for full- range response, or the HC-4 "DX Dream Machine."

Price, S65. Contact Heii Sound, Ltd,, HeiUndustrial Blvd., Marissa iL 62257. Tel ($18) 295-3000. Or circle Reader Service No. 208.

74 73 Amateur Radio • December. 1989

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Ttie '850 Is extensively programmable, using inter active Touch-Tone entry and voice response, or a computer terminal. All remotely! From access ccKles to its operating schedule, nearly everythLng can be easily changed.

The pa I eh supports local and radio- linked phone lines. A Ihrce-licred system offers flexibillly in call niuling. assignment of privileges and control. The 250 autodial slots support even the largest groups.

The Touch-Tone aetjvated mailbox lets users leave messages for each other. The system will leave you messages if you miss a reverse patch or alarm. Paging support includes all popular tone Tormats so users can always t>e Available without having to listen.

Multi'band linking extends your repeaters range, ties your repeater to others for emergency and public sendee activities, and lets you benefit from the elevation of your repeater site for working all bands. Individual user codes offer secure access to selected functions to bar unauthorized use.

The top-of' the- line "850 distinguishes itself as a stellar performer on himdreds of repeaters, And it can do the same for you. I^eam more about how to enrich your repx^ater system by conlacUng us directly.

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73 Amateur RBdio • December. 1989 75

ENGINEERING

Engineering Consuiting now has the "Packet Talker/' model PKTA, for the Commodore 64 and compatibles. "Packet Talker" converts ASCII messages into speech. You can store messages for up to 300 users and retrieve them with TouchTone com- mands, and use the *'Packet Talk- er" to link yourTNC with any voice repeater.

A similar oplton for the PK8 and PK1 TNCs is available for the Ul- tra Com Shack 64 repeater con-

CONSULTING

trailers. Used with the Ultra, the ''Packet Talker" (S much more powerful, allowing complete con- trol of the repeater, remote screen transfer of all active parameters, voice message, and remote pro- gramming.

Model PKTA provides hardware and software interfacing for the C€4. It sells for $1 90- Engineering Consulting, 563 Candlewood SL, Brea OA 92621. TeL (714) 671- 2009. FAX (714) 255-9934. Of ck- cle Reader Service No. 206.

HAMTRONICS, INC.

PHILLYSTRAN*

PhiMystran's nonmetallic. main- tenance-free tower guys eiiminate distortion caused by re- radiated

signals. No insulators are re- quired for these electricalfy trans- parent guys* and they are immune to corrosion, stretching, arcing, zapping, snapping, and aging problems.

Philtystran tower guys are pro- tected by an extruded olefin co- polymer jacket. To prevent dam- age by fire or vandals, Phillystran recommends that you use short lengths of steel cable In the lower portion of each guy.

For more details on Phillystran* HPTG rope, tower preparation, and SOCKETFAST* BLUE, the resin potting compound used to terminate HPTG rope, contact

Hamtronlcs new REP-200 re- pealer has everything their exist* ing repeaters have, plus a mi- croprocessor-controlled COR, CWIO, auiopatch, and DTMF de- cod er/controiler with over 45 func- tions, including built-in testing features. It's available for lOm, 6m, 2m, 220 MHz, 440 MHz, 902 MHz, and for HF and UHF com- mercial bands.

Four PCBs have been com- bined into one module, with IC sockets for easy service. Surface mount capacitors reduce size and enhance performance. Intercon- nections through the controller board eliminate cable harnesses. External cables are made with push-on lerminals which plug di- rectly into the controller board.

Added front panel indicators and color-coded LEDs indicate status of major functions. Welded RF partttions are part of the new com- pact chassis, with Pern nuts seal- ing the covers for shielding.

For 2m and adjacent commer- cial band, a new 25W RF output option Is available. If you need even more power, you can add the 100W PA. On UHF, choose from 10W with basic repeater or up to 65W with add-on PAs- On 900 MHz, choose 10W basic repealer or 40W with add-on PA.

The REP-200 is $1295. Hanh fronics, tnc, 65-FMoufRd^, Hitton NY 14408-9535. TeL (716) 392- 9430/FAX 9420. Or circle Reader Service Number 209.

Phmysiran, United Ropeworks (215) 363-6611. TLX: 846342. (USA), inc., 151 Commerce Drive. FAX (215) 362-7956. Or circle Montgomeryvilie PA 18936. TeL Reader Service No. 207.

Letters

Appeal for Young Hams

I*¥e heard about your call for youth iB ham radlo> I am an eighteen-year-old General class licensee, and am very con* earned about the future of ham radio. Ham radio has been around since before World War I« and la still strong, but the old guard slowly dwindles and there are not enough young adults to carry on the ham ra- dio tradition.

It's everyone's regponslbillty to get young people involved be- fore it's too late. We need to show them there's more to life than parties or who's wearing what. We need to open their eyes to the wonderful world of ham radio. How?

Show them how special they are. Show them that they can get on a radio and talk to any- one In the world. Get them in- volved in public service, such as in events that demand com- munications. lUte parades, 10k

From the Hamshack

races, etc. Yes, It will not be easy at first, but now Is the time to really start searching for them, especially with no-code m progress. If we could get them to put as much energy in- to ham radio as they do with parties and fashion, then the hobby win be carried from gen- eration to generation. The young folks are who we really need to shoot for, and the way to he suocessf ul is to show them how valuable they really are in this world of ours.

Kelly Howard N6PNY Saugus CA

Closer Look at ROSE

I would like to address some of the comments made about ROSE In the article '^Amateur Packet Networking'^ in the Oc- tober '89 Packet Issue. It la stated that, *'The. . .protocol used. . .is called AX. 25 be- cause it is based on the world- wide computer networking protocol X. 26." AX. 25 actually

is only a small portion of X.25, The original authors of the AX. £5 protocol wanted to in- clude the full features of X,25 because in many countries X.2B MUST be used for net- working.

**The major advantage of ROBE is that it is available from EATS at little OP no cost." We should not evaluate network- ing solutions using cost as a major consideration. Technical merits of a solution might be more important.

It is stated that the major problem with VC-based net- works is that *'a disconnect anywhere along the line breaks the entire link to the destina- tion,'* One factor overlooked is that the VO method reduces BBS message duplication great- ly. This is one of the real advan- tages of ROSE.

*'ROSE can't communicate with FET/ROM, NET /ROM can*t. , .TexNet, and TexNet ean't. . .ROSE, etc,*' This is true only on the network level. On the AX,S6 level, they com- m^unioate quite well. In IJew Jersey, we forward at least 1000 messages each month be- tween ROSE and NET/ROM networks on the AX. 25 level.

I personally feel that net- works based upon **the world- wide computer networking protocor* should be given seri- ous consideration tf we are to ever create a global amateur packet network.

Thomas A. Moulton WEVY

Clifton NJ

See the Packet Talk column by Brian Lloyd WBBRQNin this is- sue for al&rification ofnusleBd- ing statements in the OctiOber '69 packet issue . . .

Linda KAIUKM

Make it Fun

UntU your editorial about high school ham clubs, I didn't know we started a high school ham club in tough times In 1972. Four of us were already hams and we convinced my physics teacher to be our facul- ty advisor. We showed how learning the code and theory was fun. We provided commu- nlcatione for school competi- tions. The last time I checked the Callbook, our club callsign, WB4DDP, was stlU listed. Em- phasize ham radio as fun» and you will get positive results.

Steven Futman N6ZR Falrborn OH

7fi 73 Amateur Radio • December. 1989

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AK2I6 • Operating An Amateur Radio Station

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AROitM • Antenna

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AKCUHH - W I FB's Antenna Notebook

by DmigDtMmw WlfB

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THE

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ARD&Hk • Satellite

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ir>A3^J * All About CuJjical Quad AntenfMfi

by WUiiam Orr W6^A V

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Wife Anlennas f<M- Aaetio Arnateura

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I0AM2 • A« About Vert Ida Antennas

t^ Wiiliam Otr W6SAi/ ' SimmrCowmmWTLX Effective, luw-c^i**! venicaU 10- 160 m. -DX, mulljbund; iTjifmpiii^t vcrtkalii for imall ^pacei: gnvind- ui§; icacfjiupiiKfii: tifhicBtm.

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IUAM7* All About VHF Amateur Radio

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16a:!4 • Vert^oaf Antenna Handbook, 2nd edition

A t^tBUkK, Rcprtmcd wiih updai^N. inc^fuding un udJctiiJurn tin miieniu design tor 16(J iTictcrs. AIiko, Iccd- %^ afid nMlching. vbort vertical),, grnund eni.H:(>. and more. I y^ puller, pupcrbiick. S9,95

CNVi t • The Bas^c Guide to VHr/UHFHafn Radio

by kdward %t. ^aS

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0RWR7 • WmtHmrSalMm^

Handbook

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■* I L

l5SfWB ■ Communications SsielEFtes (3rd Edtionf

by i^arry Van Hum li^lode?! cha(ptcr> on channch^a- iKtfi ipanft pljin>. transrpiindcr jdctt- itftoKtnn. mienuliitftal %utclUlc->. and mare IT.iO

O^SCM • The Hidden Signals on SateMite TV

by JJiflmm F- fii^rriftjfUtft and Hitb Cfwptrjr. New hook shisw^; jnd lelk ho* (i> tune jR die many llKHi.saiKkorTek- phofie. Data. Tclei. Tclciype, Fac- 3timile Sig?i4iU on nnosi of (he TV Sitclliles, cov«r« equipmcrit, hookupt. v^here to tune. Orily bcMik co'vftinf thcitc aMecrei siigEutiU on the jiaie)Uu». pim nil Mibcamcr^- 234 pages %i9M

1

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How can ihe Wcwld'-i Best DX Map cost only SAOO? Obvi- nU!J> ^ M scricm^ Nunder which ytni .shiHjJd I'Akc advjinia^ trf before we discover it. This i.s the unty wnrld map in hlack and ^hite sw you can color in the cnunl rie^ a^ you work ihem! Funhcr. it h^ ^Imtisr aW of the olfict^l lARU 4UU countncv iirt it, which no othor mj,p at any puce hiis.

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l^^u' Hmwer ftf thfiH*'! tki^? hftm-fHthlt i.\ ii'tthtkt ilft< iwnlr ittumftir ft*ft%it*f that it \ » itrrif -fmiiiifm ffft rmtHt fifr m*fiii '\ ifuMrfft t init' i imts^^ttm tfttitimitHtdt ttfhum

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/3TI.» **Rack Bn»lwr'' t5,^

0+ wpm— CtMJe groups B)^uln» u a hriit^ t3^ wpm m) ytju'll tie 'CaJI> Ji cane viteii you sh dni^wD Ii fruffl uf * ^Lcd^iexcd vulun- ccr y^atnlncr whn stnrli i^cnd- nf yuu p\\Lin lartgyage ciide at mlv 13 pcf. Ydu'il itecd lhi:> fnin margin let overcDmc tlve thcer panic iinivcrs.a[ in mtysi e«t hiluiitLiin^. Vim^ii icumi! his far. ui doii'i get code ^by low*

73Tm "TheSlklder*' %S3S 6' ^pm^Thiit t^ the ptACtice tape for if* J^iC w ho sirf* ivcd the 5 wpm tupc, .md it\ abd the tape for the Niivkcand Techniciiin licen.sc\. ll ft ciMnrkprised <3f noe solid bt«uf tjf cade Characters aj^ bem At 11 M^ ami ^p#C6d ttl 5 upfn, Ctxkf groups are emirdy randiimcharwc- leiib licnt m graup% of five— dcFi- miely fH nxnKHuable!

73T2(J *'t i^uruKCTius" S5.95 20^ wpn — Conf raiulaiitiiik! Ok»>. Ilie duMcujie of code IS wNju\ |!t«len yuu iht* far, so deinl quit nuw Gii fof the extra chu^ ii(.en'< Wc send die cude fttfkter thaj] 20 per. Il~s like v»<Ciir' ing lead mieiglitit »n jr^iiur feel when you run' Ynu'lt wc^ndcr wtiv the examiner Li Mrndiiif ^

Vftcle Wayne's Bookshelf Order Form

You may order by mai!, telephone, fax, or our Bulletin Board. All payments are to be in US

funds. Please add $2.50 for ^hippin^ and hundliiiji for all orders. Allow 3 weeks for deIivc^>^

Item It	Title	Qty.	Price	Total

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Street

City

Shipping

TOTAL

2.50

Stale

Zip

TOTAL $

Card*

^ UkE GMC UVISA nCheck/Money Order . Ej( pi ration Data^ .

Teleptione: {603) 525-4201

FAX: (603) 525-4423 Bulleiin Board: (603) 525-4430

jdo«l)< !

Mail: 73 Magazine, Attn, Uncle Wayne. Forest Road, Hancock, NH 03449

ALEK Directory

Number 27 on your Feedback card

CALIFORNIA

Burbank Free QSL Cards on orders over S10011 Dis- count pnce^ on ail amateur products Open 7 daysa^eefc Call our SuffeSinSoard A-TECH ELECTRONICS, 1033 Hollywood Way. Bur^ ba nk C A 9 1 SOS : (B 1 8 ) 845- 9 2D3 . {8 1 B ) 34 6 - 2298 FAX, (eta) S46-BM6 Modem/BBS,

Sitn Diego Hard 10 find parts, sutfijus el&cironica. stan- dard line Items, Hams, hobbyists, mdustnal fimlBsslcmalt — ^froni nuts & botis to laser diod«$— Eiedrori'icany speakmg, Gateway's gol 11' M-F^-5 30Sa! 9 5 GATEWAY ELEC^ TR0NIC5. 9222 Chesapeake Drive, San O^ego CA 92t23; {£19} 279-BB02.

COLORADO

Daover Hard to And parts, sirrplue electronics, stari- dard line items. Hams, hobbyists, industrial profe5a4onab— from nut^ & tiolts to laser diodes, . Electron icalty speaking, Gateway's gotit'M^d-SaOSal d^S GATEWAV ELEC- TRONICS. 5115 fi. Federal Btvd. #22^6. Denver CO 60221 ; (3B3} 458^5444.

DELAWARE

Newcastle Factory authorized dealer'" Vaesu, IGOM, Ten-Tec, KOK, Kenwood, AEA, Kantronics, Santoc. Full ilrw oi accessories Nosale? tax in Dfi^Bwafe One mWa off I 95 DELAWARE AMATEUR SUPPLY. 71 Meadow Road, New Castle DE 1 9720; (302> 32ft'772a.

IDAHO

PreatoR Hass WB7BtZ Hsb the tai g&st stock of ama-

teur giear in the tntenriountain West arkd the best prices. Over 9,000 ham related gear in stock Call us tor "all" your ham needs today. ROSS DISTRIBUTING Co., 70 5. Stata.Pre^ Stan ID B32B3: (2C^8) 952-0630,

KANSAS

Wellington We have it[ ASTRON. BUTTERNUT, EN- COMM. HEATHKJT. GORDON WEST, KANTHONICS, LASER COMPUTERS. MFJ, RAOtO SHACK, TIEN TEC. VALOR ANTEN- NAS S. more Small town ^ivico with tfiE- count pnc^, DANDYS, 120N, Washington « Wellington, KS. 67152. (316) 326-6314, Circle Reader Service 2B3 i^or more mforma-

MISSOURI

St. Louie

Hard 10 find parts, surplus e^ect^Qnics, stan- dard tine itoms- Hams, hobbyists ^ rnduslnal prDfess4onals— from nuts & txilts to laser dKxles ..Electronically speaN^ng. Gateway's c^ol it' M-F 9-5 30 Sat 9-5 GATEWAY ELECTRONICS, 8123 Page Blvd., St. Louis MO 63130: (314) 427-6116.

fJEW HAMPSHIRE

Derry

Serving the tiam communrty with new and used equipmeriit. We stock and service most ma|Or lines AEA, Astron. B&W. Bencher. Cushcrah. Hustler, ICOM. Kenwood, KIM, tarsen. MFJ. Mirage. VitifopIeK: tsooks. ro- tor?, cattle arxj connectors. Business tiours Mon -Sat. tO-S. Thursday 10-7. Closed SunJHolidays RIVENDELL ELECTROM- ICS, 6 Londonderry Road, Derry NH 03036;

(603H34-S371 .

NEW YORK

Jamestown Western New York's finest amateur radto dealer feaiurmg tCOM-Larsen-AEA- Harrrtronics- Astron^. New and us«d g<ear 6 am to S-30. Sal and Sun tjy appoHntmeni VHF COMMUNlCATtOHS, 260 Tiffany Ave., Jamestown NY 14701. (716) 664- 6345* Circle Reader Service number 129 lor more intormation.

Manbatlan Manfiattan's Largest ami or»ly ham aiKl busi- ness Radio Store Feaiurir^g MOTORtXA. ICOM, KENWOOD, YAESU. AEA. SONY. BCRD. TEN -TEC. etc. Full stock of radios and accessories. Repair Eab on prernises Open 7 (Says M-F, 9-6:30 pm; Sal & Sun. 10-5 pm, WestHp woftdwide BARRY ELECTRONICS, 512 Braadwsy. New Yoffi NY 10012; (212) 925-700<). FAX {212} 925-7001,

NORTH CAROLINA

Gr^enstMfo tOam to Tp.m Clewed MorKfay. ICOM our spectaily-Sa^es & Service. Also (lo name a lew}: TenTec. Yaesi/. Kenv^ood, Benctier, Sangean, B&W, MFJ. Allnco. Comet, Sure, Callbooks. Ameco. Frank N4AZM. Mae KB4IUX FAM ELECTRONICS. 3520 Rock- Ingham Road, Greenstwro NC 27407; |9 1 $) 29&'3437.

OHIO

Columbya

Central Ofiio's hjU-line autfwrized dealer fcf Kenwood. iCOM, Yaesu, Ton-Toe. Info^Twtfi, jB|ian Radio, AEA, Cushcraft. Hustler, and Butternut. New and used equipment on dis- play and operational in our 400O sq.Ft, store. Large SWL department, too UNIVERSAL AMATEUR RAPm. 1260 Alda Driva,

Reynold aburg {Col u m bui} OH 4306$; {6 1 4) 866-4267,

PENNSYLVANIA

Trevose Authorized faciory sales and seivice' KEN- WOOD fCOM, YAESU, featuring AMER- ITRON, 8&W. MFJ, HYGAjN, KLM, CUSHCRAFT, HUSTLER, KANTRONiCS. AEA. VIBROPLEX. HEILCALLBOOK, ARRL Putlticatjons, and mucti more. HAMTROf*- tCS, INC.. 4033 Brownsville Roiad, Trevose PA 19047; (215) 357-1400. FAX (21 5J 355* 6956. Sales Order 1-800-4 26-23 20. Circle Reader Service 376 for more information.

TEXAS

Dalta*

In DaHas since 1^^ We feature Kenwood. ICQMp Yaesu. AEA, Butiernut, Rohn. ama- teur ptiblicatiorts. and a full [irie of acces- sories. Factory auUionzed Kenwood Servioe Center EL1CTII0«!C C^NTlft. tNC, 2609 Ross Ave., Dallas JX 75201; (214} 969- 1336.

Houston Hard to find pads, sufpfus electronics, stan- dard tine items. Han^, hofebytsts. >ndus!riaJ prgifessfonal?— trom nuts & b<^ts to laser diodes... Electronically spMfcing. Gateway's got iti M-F 9-5 30 Sat 9-S.GATEWAY ELECTRONICS. ^390 Westpark Drive, Houston TX 77063; (713) 978-6575.

Southwest Houston Fill Im© ol Equipment artd Accessories, ifi- house service featuring ICOM and YAESU- New equi^pment on display and operational! (713) 679-7764; FAX (713) 679-9341. MIS- SION COMMUNICATIONS, 11903 Alief- CI odine. Suite 500. Houston TX 77082. Ctr- cit Reader Service 360 tor more inlofmatJOfi.

DEALERS: Vaur company name and n^e&sage can contain up to 50 words for as tittle as $420 yeariy {prepaid), or S210 for six months (prepaid). No mention of maiJH^rder bu^ine^s please. Directory text and payment must reach us SO days in advance of publication. For example, advertising for the April '89 Issue

must be in our hands by February 1st. Mail to 73 Amateur RBdio , Box 278, Forest Road. Hancock. NH Q3449.

Number 28 on your Feedback card

DVERTISERS

Issue 0351

H»S*#

Page R,S.f

22 eOl-SCAN 35S Ace Communications

1 Advanced Compy tor Control 65 Advanced Electronic Applications 1?e Aero Data Systems &S Aerospace Donsylting . 67 Alinco Etectronics « Aljied Appliance & Radio

Amateur Electronics Supply

Antennas West

Antennas West

Antennas West

Antennas West

Antennas West

Antennas West

Antennas West

Antennas West

Antique Radjo Classified

Associated Radio

Astron COfporation

B&Blnstruments

Barker & WiUiamson

Sarry Electronics Corp

42 d liar Company

* Brian Beezley KSSTi fiuckntaster Publishing Buckmaslor Publishing BuckmasTer Pubhshmg

* Burgtiardi Amai@ur Radio. .

* Butternut Eleclrontcs

366 C^SSaJesInc •••,.

*

69

90

304

302

107

236

5

303

271

•

16

•

S3 41

170

?

36S

65	•
23	«
75	tST
37*	\m
63	343
61	99
51*	121
57	10
21*	«
43	IS
71	12
61	306
69	*
m	147
41	23»
46	13
67	114
61	p
63	26a
28	m
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34	373
27	46
41	■
60	17
87-	72
69-	•
67	326
41	19
46	5
f>3	•

Page

Call Sign Cups 81

Ce City International 67

Claveiandlnsiol Elect. 23

CoaxiaJ Dynamics . . . , 4$

Commpute Corp. .67 Communication Concepts, Fnc. .75

Communications Electronic . . 35

Communications Spectaitst 3'

Compuiersjnc. .67

Comteico SB

Conneci Systems 1

Creative Control products 64

Cubex Company 44

Data Com tntemat«onat . , €3

Digrral RadK) SysterTB Inc 45

Doppler Systems 67'

EH. Yost 36

Engineenng Consulting .73

Elched Call S^gn Cups . , 71

Frankim 8«lte Put>listKrs S3

G & G Electronics S9

Gap Antenna Prodocts 13

Gauttiier's Covers Plus . 65

QGTE ,60'

GiB Electronics 73

IZ Gifien Martin Engineenng 41

Grapevine Group 87

GTI Electronics 65

Hall Electronics 7i

Hamtronkis. Inc. 11

Heath Co 53

R.S.f

m

110 2fi9 3S4

*

100

272

92

•

2

47

m

101

ss

241 44

m

162 348

295 252 167

163 137 349

96

t52

176

68

66

toe

p	INlftr	r.Sji	Page
HeaitiCo, ,,*,..,	53	31	Radio Amateur CaJIboOk . .	75, ae
i-f orison Manufacturing —	68	34	Ramsey Elect ronir„^	31'
Nuslter, Inc	42	14	Renarssance Devekspmenl	38
fCOM Amenca	CV2*	m	RF Enlerpn5i<ts	14
Intef con Data Systems	64	*	RF Enterpfisti ....	15
Interconnect Specialists	19	254	Rness Dtslributing	33
International Radio .	63		7B
Isotron Antenna . .	41*	■	Uncle Wayne's BooNshelf . , .	.. 78.79
Jim's Electronics	40	93	S-COM Industries .._,,	, ^ , . . 64
K-IO	41	332	Saiellne City	57*
Kenwood U.S.A. Corp	CV4.5.6*	36	Scramblir^ News	, 43
LEB Enierprtses	81	2S0	Sottware Systems .	44
Link-Com ..,......,,..	,..71	244	Software Systems .	46
Maggjore Electronics Lab	77	«	Somerset Electronic^	46
MaKOom Inc	71 •	•	Sony Corp of Amenca	62
Meadowlakfl Corp	.....87	51	Spectrum Communications	6t
Uedia Mentors .	68-	163	Spectrum International	67
Motro Printing . ,, , , .	65	•	Summiiek	64
MFJ Enterprises .	16,59	11	Surplus Sales Of tslebraska	S7
Michigan Radio .	55	87	TCE Labs	65
Micro Oomiiiutef Concepts	43	28	TD Systems	46
Micro Cont Specialiites	36	232	TE Systems	77
Midland Tectmologies	64	•	Tlw Ham Center	64
Mission Communicaiion &.		150	The Radio Works . .	. 65
Consulting	87	lis	The RF Connection	65
Mobile Mark	69	•	Tropical Hamboree	81
MoUOn Eiectrofiics	43	136	UnadiRa/Amennas Mfg Co.	36
Naval Eietrtronics	73	•	Univefsal Amateur Radio .	64*
Nemal Elect ronics	69	T9	Vanguard Labs	57
Omar Eleclranic^	69	•	VHF Communications	67
Qnon Business Infl	BT	191	W S W Associates	35
Orlando Hamcaiion	56	36	W9INN Antennas	GO
PC Elecifonics	2.7 r	«	Wi-Comm EJecironics	65
PaC'-Comm	43	105	WilBurt Compajiy .	66
Pacific Cable Co Inc	... 61	3	WJBIndustrios ..,.,	71
Periphex .,	67	•	Yaesu Electronics Corp, . CV3. 46, 49
Pipo Communications	. 44	' Advefti&efs wtio have contributed lo the Na-
Procommf	44	tional Industry Advisory Committee (NIAC).

80 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

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73 Amateur Radio * Decembef, 19S9 81

Never Say Die

continued from p. 4

WA3YQY, CaftosOpus f, the Scourge of EddyviHe (NY), has cleaned his ares of jammers, breaker-breakers, taif-enders, and long-winded wimp aid-timers with nothing whatever of interest to talk at>aut

living in caves, came up with a wonderful no-code license sever- al years ago. It's incredibly like the ARRL proposal. It also has attracl- ed less than 100 takers so far. Talk about a bomb. We couldn't picl< a worse model to emulate if we had even the slightest interest in actually solving our problem. No, this debacle had to be planned — it's too dumb to be an accident.

Three Steps to Winning

Yd&, I betieve amateur radio can be saved. I believe it's possi- ble for us to (1) clean up our bands so any thinking newcomer will not compare us unfavorably with CB; {2) actually have many interesting conversations over the air. not on- ly locally, but even internationally; (3) attract youngsters to our hobby on the basis that it's fun.

It doesn't take much listening to discover that we have some seri- ous people problems in our bands. Hams like K1 MAN need to have the concept of others' rights explained to them. KV4FZ needs to understand the ramifications of his actions and how severely he is damaging our hobby. I singled those two out because I have a stack of recent complaints atxjut them. There are hundreds of hams who are lousing up our nets, repeaters, traffic handling and so on. Many of these are not going to be easily convinced lo stop mess- ing up our bands. Many are going to be major challenges loouringe-

02 73 Amateur Radio * December, 1989

nuity since Ihey seem to be all mouth and no ears,

We need some sort of Band Police system. Unfor- tunately, all too often the po- Itce become as much a part of the problem as the solu- tion. We have only to watch the police in Chile beating people to death — the amiy/ police in Israel shooting chil- dren— the army/police In China shooting thousands of childfen— the death squads in Central and South Amefi* ca ''disappearing" thou- sands of troublesome peo- ple—to see where police action can go wrong.

What about our "police," the FCC? Every few days I get copies of complaints filed with the FCC citing welWoc- umented intentional ham in- terference cases. Some groups, frustrated by the FCC disinterest, have start- ed peppering their congress- men with complaints. Unfor- tunately, these complaints are far more destructive to the fu- ture of amateur radio than the per- verse actions which are causing them. Bureaucrals tend to shoot the whistleblowers — kill the mes- senger.

Well, if Tm not suggesting our forming vigilante parties to string 'em up, nor our turning to what we perceive as our authorities for help, where can we turn? We do have an almost completely un- used strength— a powerful

strength. If we use this strength, I believe we can clean up our bands in a surprisingly short time. This strength lies in our thousands of ham clubs. It ites in our working cooperatively to clean up the mess. Remember, we outnumber the bad guys a hundred to one— if we cooperate.

By organizing our defense against the garbage on our bands — against the ham ten-orisis who are ruining amateur radio for the rest of ys— we can, if we work smart, get them to cooperate.

This starts at home. At the next club meeting, form a garbage cleanup committee whose pur* pose is to tackle local repeater problems. The committee will be looking for jammers, offensive language and other inconsiderate activities. Getting the hams who are making the mess to clean up their act requires both tact and firmness. If you come on as offi- cious and unreasonable, you'll stir up a worse hornets' nest.

When Tm in the middle of a

OSOon a repeater, breaking back and forth, I get as irritated as any- one else when someone comes on and lectures me about the FCC regulations on identifying. If he broke in and asked for my call. Td have no problem- Few people are comfortable with being told what to do, but most of us will go that extra mile if we're asked^

If someone uses bad language, why not break in and ask htm to please be careful , that your grand- da ughter or friends are listening? That may get more cooperation than your reading him the regula* tion against bad language, which can easily turn the frequency biue for quite some time.

Hunting jammers is real fun, tt*ll give your ciub some first rale di- rection finding experience. You can do fine with cars, but if you have a member with a plane you'll be able lo home m on jammers in minutes. I remember a Massachu- setts club which had a persistent jammer. DFers discovered it to be none other than the club president trying to force unwanted hams off "his" repeater* Hi. Bob.

By working in club groups and reporting repeat offenders at meetings, you'll have strength. If you find some local hams who can't be helped to improve their ways, it's time for stronger mea- sures. This is where you need to be creative. For instance, you might consider a whole-club visit some evening lo his house. Fitly or so hams knocking on the door might make an impression on even the most sour type of ham,

Now and then I get nasty letters about my editorials, I welcome ideas and facts, but not nastiness. When I get letters like that I feet sorry for the ham's family— they have to live with him every day. No nice person suddenly is nasty in a letter— that takes someone with mental probiems. It's just the same on the air.

We do have some serious sicKos in our hobby. Contrary to the popular myth, the code test has been a total failure in keepmg out undesirables, I'm not yet com- pletely convinced that it's the code which makes hams crazy, but I have noticed an otherwise unexplainable correlation be- tween class of license and the number of \oosb marbles rattling around in many heads.

Once your club garbage clean- up committee has had success on your tocal repeaters, it's time to tackle low band crazies. First look for nearby hams who are screwing up, and apply your now welMe-

vefoped group reasoning powers. If you hear more distant ops mess- ing things up, try reason first. If that fails, see about getting help in their area. I'd love to list the clubs in 73 which have formed garbage cleanup squads so you'll be able to get help when you run into per- sistent spoilers. Their local clubs may have more success getting through to them.

The idea is to be polite but firm. You want to gel their cooperation, not get them so mad they'll jam your net until they die. If we man- age to make the papers with our efforts. Td prefer it be for picketing his home rather than fire-bombing his c^r.

Can We Finally End Pileups?

Pileups are caused by poor DX operating. We need to educate expedition ops and ops in rare countries on how to avoid pileups, Pileups are like a shark-feeding frenzy- they get started by a DX op and then get out of hand, with Ihe DX-chasers losing all perspec- tive and reason.

How can a DX op with a weak signal keep pileups from happen- ing? It's easy, I've OXpedilioned from many rare countries and I've teamed how to keep the pileups from happening. To brag just a bit (as usual), I've operated from KP1, 302, 3D6, 7P8. 70, 5W4. 5Z4, KS6. KW6. KG6, KR6. 9M6. 9M8, 9N1 , YK1 , 0D5, HS, YA. BP, FO0, FKS. VU. HL, VS6, 9V1. JY, OHO, FP8, etc. p so I'm not without some experience at this.

My operating system, once I hear the beginnings of a pileup. is to explain my rules and go by them rigidly. I explain that I'm going to stand by for about 30 seconds and write down just the last letter of any calls. I don't want anyone to send anything but the last letter of their call— one letter. I suggest they not all transmit immediately, but wait and space out their calls— with no more than two transmissions of their last letter.

I then break in and ask each letter Tve heard lo stand by while I hst everyone calling. I keep this up until the frequency is siient. Then I ask each letter Tve heard to give their call once and nothing more. I confirm the call, give the report and ask for my report, with abso- lutely no breakers. I then confirm my report, and without missing a beat^ ask for the next letter's fufi call only. Once Tve worked all the letters Tve listed. I give my QSL information, explain the rules again and stand by to list more

I

I I

letters. In thJs way Vm able to get right down to the QRP. weak DX and mobile stations with no piie- ups, no OX crush and no panicky DXers wondering how soon the band will change. I don't even need a strong signal to make it wori<.

When someone with pooroper^ ating manners insists on botching things up, I explain that if he keeps it up, no QSL.

We can cure all our miseries if weoooperate and persist.

Making Contacts

Morefnteresting

Though I've written about this before. I haven't yet noticed any signs that anyone has been pay- ing attention. Yes, it's difficult to make contact with someone you've never talked with before and try to develop interesting con- versations. It's easier to mindless- ly babble about your rig, antenna and weather, none of which is of any more interest to him than is his station to you.

The up side of our having very few young hams is that most of you can read. The question aris- es, if you can read, are you actual- ly reading? Let's be rotten atK}ut this — when is the last time you read a book? Any kind of book? Tm having some mteresling non- ham books included in the Uncle Wayne's Bookshop, just in case you want to grve reading a try.

I look at it this way. If an old coot like me can publish 73, put out a major music magazine {CD Re- view), and a handful of other smaller publications, run a record company, a mail order music com- pany, etc., and also manage to read a big stack of magazines plus a couple books a month, why can't you? I'm not superhuman, I just spend my time carefully.

I also watch TV, see most of the better movies, gel to concerts, go on skiing and diving trips, get to business conferences and ham- fests, but that doesn't keep me from reading. So» when you con- tact me on the air— and yes, I even get on the air — I'll be delighted to talk with you about aJmost any- thing. If I know about ft, fine. If I don't, i want to.

I can't remember anyone ever asking me what fVe read recently. I often ask, I can't remember any- one in the fast 50 years asking me first what I do.

You know, if you just started asMng the chaps you talk with what restaurants in their area they recommend and why, you'd soon have the makings

of a restaurant guide book.

Maybe they know some well- known people? Have you ever asked "em? No one has ever asked me^and I've known a few. I also have some great stories I can tell about 'em. Ask me about Amelia Earhart, about aviation pi- oneer Frank Hawkes, Steve Jobs, King Hussein.

One way to tieip us gel more Interesting contacts is to have nets set up for discussing specific interests, Specral Interest Group Nets (SIGNs). I occasionally call into the submariners net, the ex- QE employees net and the Mensa net. If there were nets devoted to cosmology, UFOs. new ham tech- nologies, Gaia, the greenhouse problem, educational technolo- gies, etc, I'd be on the air much more.

If youVe got a good signal and are willing to sponsor a net, find a frequency and time which won't get others all upset and get it start- ed. Let me know the t^me/day/fre- quency and 111 publish it in 73 so you1l have the whole country from which to draw.

The slow scanners should have a net frequency — not for sending pictures, but for discussing new circuits, new equipment and fate developments. OSCAR ops have such a net. Every ham special in- terest should organize nets as meeting places. ! remember run- ning into a doctor net. airport man- ager net, ham flyer net. Westing- house employees net — so where are the skier and skin diver nets? Talk to me about books, music, places you've traveled, your other hobbies— talk to mef But please don*t tell me what rig you bought Of what antenna youVe got up there. Please! I don't really even want to know my signal report- more than you're hearing me fine or, more probably, witi^ some diffi- cutty. i hate getting a 5-9 and then finding that about 2% of my trans- missions have actually been heard, I also hate finding that the only reason someone has called me is because they "need New Hampshire." For what?

I have this strange concept of amateur radio— that it's best used for communications. I'm not sure what the drivmg force is behind someone having to work every country in the worid. I could see wanting to talk with every country, but ten-second contacts just to get QSL cards? That's crazyl

Okay, okay, I know I just got through explaining how to make fast, stupid contacts. Well, 1 can't change the world in a day. And.

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73 Amateur Radio ■ December, 1989 83

yes, I even encourage ibis sort of madness with my DX Dynasty award. You can't imagine how mycJi J hate myself for that. Tafk about being my own worst enemy! But when I sav/ the blundering mess DXCC has become, it just seemed to me thai, no matter how dumb the premise, someone ought to do ft better. So I started the DX Dynasty, which has 400 counlries — all legitimate coun- tries. That's how many the official lARU member societies accept as countries — and who knows better what is or is not a country than the lARU official amateur ra- dio societies? Thrs keeps me out of the country decision hassle and all those weird ralionatizatlons which have hamstrung (sorry) the ARRL

Thus, on the one hand 1 have an award available for hams who are unable to prevent themselves from being stuptd— and on (he other Tm saying don*t ruin our hobby by going for these operat- ing awards. You're going to have enough to answer for when you get your "silent key" award with- out havmg to find out how much you've aggravated hundreds of hams with your 10 kilowatt rock crusher when they replay "this was your life/' If you'd read some tKK)Ks< you*d know what Tm talk- ing about.

Step Three

Let*s fantasize that we've re- conditioned the jammers and made them honored members of our ham society. That's step one. Next we've managed to get a rea* sonable number of hams to actu- ally talk about interesting things on the air. Step two. That still

leaves step three, getting new- comers. At least by now we'll have a hobby of which we can be proud — something we can feel good about to selL By the time we get to step three, it'll be easy to attract new hams. When we*re ready we can tackle this hurdle. We're not ready yet.

Now, The Clubs

While there is no doubt in my mrnd that there are some really progressive ham clubs hidden around the country, the sad fact is that a high percentage are disas- ters. I mentioned addressing one recently where I was one of the youngest people present.

I wish I had the space m 73 to publish the endless letters I get from younger hams telling me about their terrible experiences in trying to get help from a local ham club. Maybe \ can get these onto the 73 BBS so you can see some of the mail I get and perhaps de- velop a better understanding of our root problems.

I pointed out that the FCC should not be perceived as a strength upon which we can lean. I don't think they hate amateur ra- dio, they just don't want to be bothered. Amateur radio has been a royal pain in the butt for them for years, with little on the up side.

Well then, we certainly can de- pend on the ARRL, right? Trying to discuss the ARRL evenhan- dledly is about as fruitful as trying to discuss agnosticism at a Bap- tist revival meeting, so Til leave you with your beliefs and not up- set you with facts. I will say that it is my considered opinion that any belief that the ARRL is going to be

QSL OF THE MONTH

To enter your QSL, mail it in an envelope to 7J, WGE Center, Forest Road, Hancock NH 03449, Attn: QSL of the Month. Winners receive a one-year subscription (or extension) to 73. Entries not in envelopes cannot be accepted,

84 73 A ma tear Ra dio • Decem be r , 1 989

helpful in solving our problems is more fantasy than reality.

Okay, if we can't depend on the FCC or the ARRL to save us, cer- tainly the ham industry, which is totally dependent on ham sales, will do it, right? Wrong.

The only strength we really have to work with is our ham clubs. We do have a few of these which are being Intelligently guid- ed—which are going all out to at- tract youngsters to our hobby— which are taking an interest in trying to rebuild our hobby. Alas, we have an awful lot of clubs, run by old men, which are doing all they can to keep kids out.

What I suggest you do is this: Take the time and interest to find out when your local ham clubs meet. Go to the meetings. See how they are running. Are the meetings interesting or are they dominated with "business" discussions which make them dreadful bores? Do they have exciting speakers?

Speakers. Let me discuss speakers. You'll be able to get some really interesting speakers if you try. But if you treat them the way Tve been treated they'll quick- ly stop addressing ham clubs.

When you are able to attract a good speaker make sure that you do something special about it. Get notices in the newspapers and on local radio stations to attract an audience. Talk it up with an- nouncements on local repeaters.

Have a pre-meeting dinner to get the speaker together with a few selected interesting club members. This will help the speaker know what the audience will be most interested in hearing about.

At the meeting immediately in- troduce the speaker and let the speaking commence. No "short" business meeting. No yearly elec- tions. If you absolutely can't pre- vent yourself from these destruc- tive activities, at least leave them for after the speaker has gone.

Give the speaker plenty of time to talk and answer questions. Then have the coffee & dough- nuts, with a further informal talk session, Thank the speaker and give him or her some memento of the occasion.

A good friend of mine, a top ham speaker, won't talk to a club unless he gets $1,000 up front. It isn't that he needs the money, it's just that this is what he found it takes before a club will lake him seriously enough to pay him some respect. I tried that and, sure enough, I found 1 got a lot more respect when I charged

$1 .000 than when I speak for free, I remember being invited to ad- dress a ham club near Boston. They neglected to tell me how to find the meeting place— just check in on the repeater for direc- tions. So I drove to the town and called in, ISlo one on the repeater knew where the meeting was, I persisted and finally someone came on who was abfe to give me directions. When I got to the meet- ing, they were busy with ReW Day preparations, so it was after 10 p,m., when everyone was tired and ready to go home, before there was lime for me to talk. No, 1 don't speak to many clubs these days.

If you take the lime to infiltrate your local clubs youMI be in a posi- tion to improve the meetings. Any- one who speaks up at club meet- ings is quickly made the club president. Get yourself in a posi- tion to make sure the club goes after youngsters and then gets 'em licensed. Make sure the meetings are fun for everyone. Get a garbage committee going to help clean up our bands. Club meetings are show biz, so they have to be planned.

Plan 8

Let's indulge in the unlikely fan- tasy that my plan for you to get your local ham club to form a Garbage Committee to clean up our bands has fallen on the usual deaf ears. The "Mittle old ladies" who are running the club don't think the club should ''get in- volved'' with anything as contro- versial as that,

I go out on a limb every month for you in my editorials and what do I get in return? I get timid, pukey, mewling letters saying yes, golly, I sure agree with you, but for heaven's sake, whatever you do» don't print my name or call. Spineless, wishy*washy, gut- less namby-pambies. That isn't the spirit that made America great, that's the spirit that has helped us collapse into last place in the developed world in educa- tion and to lose our electronics in- dusthes to Japan.

Of course, if you don't read any* thing but ham magazines, and are thus a certified ignoramus, I can understand why you're terrified of expressing an opinion. 1 can al- so see why you might go into a quaking panic at the idea that the ARRL might sense some slight defection on your part. Some hams seem fearful that if even a hint that they are not absolutely delighted ¥Vith every aspect of The

League is detected, the local SCMs and their dreaded right wing ''death squads" will kidnap and torture them.

Now, while this may possibSy be happening in some isolated areas where there are overly zealous SCMs, I don't see where thts can honestly be a serious concern for most hams.

But, if you're too much of a milquetoast to go on the air and help bring reason and order to our ham bands using your own call^f you find youself going into a btue funk at the mere thought of stand- ing up for what you know darned well is right— I have a solution. I have a way for you to be daring- for you to tell off (sort of) the cretins who are fousing up our bands without ever letting them know who you are. t have a way you can blame the whole thing on me. So. even if you are a lilly*)iv- ered, yellow-bellied, saspariJia- drinking coward, you'll still be able to lend a hand in cleaning up the mess on our bands youVe al- lowed to grow into a monster. It's time to stop turning the other cheek, ll*s time for you to take a stand, no matter how weak.

Okay, here's a way we can work it. As you know, when you operate

my Stat ton, youVe permitted to use my call as long as I have ''control." right? You can only sign my W2NSD call letters within the limitations of your license or mine, so if you've an Extra Class license you can only operate in

asking some idiot who has been using bad language or jamming a net or a repeater to shape up won't get much heed, but if every T'^ reader makes it his or her busi- ness to spend even ten minutes a day helping to clean up our bands,

''Tatk to me about books,

music, places you've traveled, your

other hobbies — talk to me! But please

don't tell me what rig you bought or

y\fhat antenna you Ve got up there, "

the Advanced Class bands. If youVe a Tech. you can only oper- ate in the Tech bands, even using my call

Now here^s what you do When you hear someone making a mess of things on the air, break in and say, "Please... please... give me a breakL.Jhis is W2NS0;' If you say exactly that, as I've asked, then obviously / am in control of your station. If you say anything else, you're in control and you'll have to use your own call.

One voice in the wilderness

us good guys will be abfe to rout the baddies. A chap who misuses our bands may not pay any atten- tion to one bleat of indignation, but it fifty voices, all claiming to be W2NSD. get after him, perhaps the message will eventually get across.

Notice that fve asked you to say "please," YouVe asking him to shape up, not telling hrm. It's much more difficult lo ignore someone asking you than some- one ordering you to do something. When Tm In control of your station

be sure you don't jam or make more of a mess of things.

The normal reaction by the buf- Hes who are messing up our bands is to launch into a long in- sulting diatribe. This is designed to make you mad and retaliate. This is what it's all about for this brain-damaged would-be CBer. I've found the best way to handJe this is to immediately tune off the frequency when the hate starts and look up the band for other mental retards lo discourage.

Of course, if you have a clean- up group working with you via a repeater, you can drive the bully nuts with different voices asking him to ''give me a break.. .this is W2NSd;*

Let me know how this works out for you. If we don't have suc- cess with Plan A or Plan B, we may have to go to Plan C, which involves Dick Bash — remem- ber him? Tve heard he's now selling AK-47S. Nothing changes.

If youVe panicky that I might print your call in 73, don't let that stop you from writing; just let me know and I'll keep it secret — although we are talking about starling a ham whistleblower relo- cation program. I expect to get some interesting stories of your

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December Forecast

December days are the shortest of the year, so expect the higher fre- quency HF bands, 20-1 Om, to dose at dark or ^ale afternoon. Occasion- ally, on very good days, you will find them open (ong after dark.

Solar activity )s higher than it has been in 10 years, and you can expeci some sudden Ionospheric disturbances brought on by sotar flares and other events on Old Sol. As shown in the daily fore- cast calendar, on days w^th a P, F or G. expect Poor, Fair. or Good conditions, respec- tiveiy. Allow for an error of a day or two in either direction.

Jim Gray WIXU

likely to be open at the same time lo the same locatjon.

DXing

Gray line propagation, at dawn or dusk along the path of the lermina- tor, may be especially good on all bands from 40 through 10. Keep an ear tuned to WWV at 1 8 minutes pasi the houf for current propagation conditions^

GoodDX!

EASTERN UNITED STATES TO:

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AUSTRALIA

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Reading tlie Chart

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An * means to try the next higher band. (1) means an opening may be rare, but possible on "good" days(G). When 20/40m or 40/80m are indicated, both bands are

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31

86 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

Never Say Die

successes — and your failures.

The only way we're ever going to ctean up our bartds is witl^ ytXir help.

Perhaps you noticed that when you use my call you're going to be nice, not mean. We have more meanness than we need on our bands right now, so kill these rot- ten scoundrels with niceness. These guys are experts at getting your goat. You'll absolutely ruin their day if you are unflappable.

This shouldn't stop you from pit- lying their family and friends, who have to put up with them during the few hours a day when they are not spoiling our bands tor us.

Plane. Part It

If you find It heavy going when you try to inject some intelligence

lure instruments used to beat *■ rotten QRMors" into either com- pliance or silent keys) will not change your firm principles.

Would you like lo ready drive some thoroughly rutted hams ab- solutely crazy? Have you ever tried /7of giving them a numbered | signal report? You see, there's iNs column in their log for a signal report. ''Armchair copy" or "YouV© coming in pretty good" | isn't there. They need a number. IVe had some hams plead, re- duced lo tears, for their signal re- port.

YouVe never seen a tougher sonofagun than me. I leN "em^ if they absolutely must put a signaf report in their log* why go ahead and make one up. No. they've got to hear it from me, otherwise it's cheating. I smfle a wicked,

''Hunting jammers is real fun. IVii give your club some first rate di- rection finding experience.

ft

into your contacts* I have a short- cut for you, Mark you. this is prob- ably going to be one of the most difficult things you Ve ever done in amateur radio— worse even than thai stupid 1920's code require- ment which drove you bananas when you decided to get your ticket,

Tm asking you right here and now to take a pledge — lo sign an oath^ — make a pact with me. I want you to go to your hamshack right now, draw a tine under the last contact in your log and write this:

'*l hereby swear Ihat never again, as long as I live, will I ever divulge over the air the manufac- turer, model number or any other information about any equipment I'm presently using, plan lo use in the future or have used in the past Further, that includes every as- pect of my antenna system, home- made or bought. I also agree that I will not, under any circumstances* discuss today's weather, either here or anywhere else in the world, in anything less than a de- clared national emergency/' Now sign that pledge and start your first day as an evangelical spread- er of the gospel of Better Ham- ming. If anyone pressures you to break your pledged word, just tell ^em youVe signed the "W2NSD pledge" and that wild horses, Wouff Hongs or even Reltysnitch- es (infamous old ham ARRL tor-

fiendish smile as I taunt them al- most beyond endurance. Nothing will force me to give them that treasured number. Yes. I realize that I may occasionally push some Extra Class hams over the edge. They deserve it,

I had a letter from an W4*s XYL saying her husband has been un- able to make another contact. The unfilled box in his log had brought him to a sudden halt in his ham- ming, so he'd started helping her with the housework and please, please send him his report so she could get him back into the hamshack and out from under foot.

Figuring that Td done hamdom a big favor and that il was better for his wife to suffer than hun- dreds of hams. I refused. I knew Td get no thanks from any of you for this public service, but it was still worth it.

So go you forth and do likewise. Don't expect any thanks. All youll gel for your trouble Is abuse, but when you finally win that last big honor, your ARRL Silent Ke^ Award (many hams are dying to get it), then's when you'll get your reward. If Vm not there already, have patience. Til be along and pin an ectoplasmic medal on your sheet. Then we'll go down on 20m, call CQDX, sign very rare calls with weak signals and not come back to the DXers.

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Notes from FN42

Ifs that time of year again when w& in the Nofthem Hemisphere start thinking of snow, ice, and winter sports, and those of you in the Southern Hemisphere think of warm weather, sunshine, and summer f think of the very nice summer we have had in New Hampshire and of ait the ham ac- tivitiBS that t have been involved in. And now, as (reffecton the end of summer (this was written in September), ! wonder how many others around this tmautifut Earth of ours have enjoyed theirs as much as t have mine.

But there have been many tragedies as weiL Even though the airpiane is stiff the safest means oftravet, the number of air* craft accidents appear to be higher this year. Is this because there actuaffyare more accidents, or because of an increased I awareness presented by the news ) media throughout the wortd? Are there more riots and related deaths or just increased world- wide news releases?

is communications important? You beti Whether it is from the ne¥irs media presenting reports of I wortdv^de Significance, sateftites providing up-to-the-minute pic* tures of hurricanes, typhoons, or other weather phenomena, the current cellular telephone craze, or just talking with a friend on the telephone or radio, communica- tions is a very important part of our fives. Hams have !>ecome more and I more involved ^ Even the news me- dia understand the importance of amateur radio communications. in the United States the Federal CommuniCBtions Commission has been asked to altow the news media to use ham radio operators to gather and send information of a commercial nature in times of emergency.

How many times have hams provided health and welfare com- munications after hurricanes, earthquakes, and other trage- dies? Thousands, at least,

I think it's wonderful to have a hobby that provides so much en- joyment and at the same time pro- vides a much needed service to the world. Keep up the good work, enjoy yourselves, and do great things! Happy Holidays, and may the

edited by a a C.

beginning of your new year bring prosperity artdjoy,

ROUNDUP

Brazil SERRA DOCACHIMBO, Brazil (AP)— Plane crash sur- vivors who were stranded In the Ama2on jungle for nearly two days said the pilot asked for their for- giveness and wished them luck as Uieir jet crashed into dense vege- tation eartier this year*

"We were ready (o die, but the hand of God guided our descent," passenger Epaminondas de Sousa Chaves. 36, said after Air Force helicopters airlifted 41 sur- vivors out of the jungle.

The Varfg Airlines Boeing 737- 200 crashed on a Sunday night, killing at least 10 of the 54 people aboard.

The Air Force found the plane Tuesday night after four survivors walked through the jungle and contacted authorities by ham radio.

[/ wonder how much farther the survivors would have had to walk to get to another form of communi- cation, and how many others might have died before help ar* hved.—CCC]

Next ITU Pfenipotentfary Conference in Japan Japan From the JARL News. At the Plenipotentiary Conference of the International Telecommunica- tion Union (ITU) held in Nice, France, from May 23 to June 30 this year, it was approved that the next plenipotentiary conference,

in 1994. will be held in Tokyo, at the Science and Technology Half at Kitanomaru Park. This approval will be officially confirmed at the ITU's Board Meeting in 1991 .

The most important conference of the ITU will be held for the very first time in the Asia and Oceania area.

Since this is a good opporlunity for radio amateurs to have their problems understood by VIPs and leading members of worldwide electronic and communication cir- cles, JARL and ail others will work toward making all necessary preparations for a successful con- ference.

Gallium Arsenide Solar Cell for JA5-1b

JARL has decided to use gallium arsenide solar celts for JAS-lb, the second Japanese amateur satellite to be launched in Febru- ary 1990. The solar cells were re- cently delivered from Mitsubishi Electric Co., Ltd.

Compared to silicon solar ceils, ttiey are nearly forty percent more efficient in power generation. Pro- duction cost is two to three times higher than for silicon solar cells, but because of its greater efficien- cy, the gallium arsenide solar cell was developed and used in Japanese communication satel- lite CS'-S. already launched by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA).

JAS-1 b uses al>oui 1 ,300 celte of two different sizes, 1x2 and 2x2 sq. cm. They are expected to gen- erate 11 watts, which is 4.5 watts more than the power for FUJL al- though the satellite itself has been enlarged a little bit.

[ The JARL also sent a list of Chi- nese Amateur Radio Stations with

■n^i

ii-

Calendar for December

1 — Anniversary Day, Portugal; National Day. Central African

Republic (5th for Thailand. 17th for Bhutan) 2^National Holiday, Laos, United Arab Emirates 5 — ^Oiscovery Day, Haiti; Nicholas Eve. Netherlands 6— Independence Day. Finland {7th for Ivory Coast, 9th for Tanzania, 11 Ih for Upper Volta, t2lh for Kenya, 16th for Bahrain)

10— Human Rights Day. Equatorial New Guinea (others) 13— Republic Day. Malta (leth for Niger) 1 5— Statue Day, Nethertands; Bill of Rights Day. USA 16— Victory Day, Bangladesh (23rd for Egypt) 24 — Heiligabend, Germany 2&— Chrfsimas Day in many countries ^6 — Boxing Day. Canada, Great Britain; Day After Chnstmas

(Lendemain de Noel) (Werhnachlslag) (Dia de Aguinaldos) 27^ — Constitution Day. North Korea 2fi— King^s Birthday. Nepal 30 — Anniversary Day, K^adagascai ; Rizal Day, Philippines

OSL information. Look for it on the 73 BBS (1-603-525-4438).

—CCC]

Uthuanta Seeles lARU Membership Lithuania. News release from Ed Shakalis, KAlQOF. On June 12, 1989 at ARRL headquarters in Newington, Connecticut, a dele- gation from the ^'Worldwide Lithuanian Amateur Radio Net" met with Mr. Naoki Akiyama, Assistant to the Secretary for lARU (The International Radro Union), to discuss the LIETUVOS RADIJO MEGEJU DRAUGUA (Lithuanian Amateur Radio Soci- ety) application for membership to lARU.

The Lithuanian group included Messrs. Sakalas Uzdavinys UP2BO from Vilnius, Lithuania, Flavius Jankauskas K3JA, Bro- nius Uzdavinys KBIPI, and from the USA, Ed Shakalis KAlQOF.

Mr. Akiyama explained in detail the necessary steps to become a member of the lARU. The Lithua- nians thanked Mr, Akiyama for his consideration and help in this manner.

Sakalas UP2BO, a radio ham for 41 years, said that an applica- tion for membership to the lARU would be initiated by 'The Lithua- nian Amateur Radio Society*' upon his return to Lithuania, He also said that they are working to get back their original call prefix **LY" which they were allowed to use for only one month earlier this year and one month last year.

lEd Shakalis KA J QOF, W John Alden Road. Plymouth, MA 02360]

Netherlands. From the Radio Netherlands Programme Informa^ tion Release (Aug-Nov 1989). For those of you who wish to receive this programme release in elec- tronic form, dial your international access code, then 31 354 5395 to reach our IBM host computer in The Netherlands. It will work at 300/1200/2400 baud. We use the standard &-N-1 format, and both CCITT and Bell tones. Material is distributed in North America by ANARC on 913 345 1978 (the board recently moved to Kansas) or Pineland NJ on 609 859 1910.

In Brftain you can now call the Merkinstead bulletin board in Manchester, The number is 44 61 434 7059. Look for Radio Nether^ lands material in the '*Hilversum- mary Room.*' If you run a comput- er bulletin board and would like an electronic feed of this news, please get in touch. Electronic versions of this news release are

73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989 89

updated,

A new series of QSL cards has been issued by Radio NetJier- (ends to celebrate 25 years of the European Space Agency ESA. The lechnical centre for ESA Is located in Noofdwijk, on the Dutch North Sea Coast. Correct recep- tion reports will get one of these new cards. The series is limited, available while stocks last.

Since September 5th, Radto Netherlands has been available in the United States through the C- SPAN "Flagship" audio channel After initial experiments, the ser- vice is now being offered to cable companies across the US. If your cable company offers C-SPAN television , call your local cable op- erator and ask about Ihe availabili- ty of the audio service. At present C-SPAfsi is picking Radio Nethef- fandsoff the air using professional equipment. , .if you can hear this service, tell us whether a studio feed by satellite would improve your listening enjoyment.

\Ken suffered a medical set- back at the end of t938, hut is recovering well He shed many msponsibHitios, but wiU continue as WtA Awards Manager, 73 Hambassador, and, of course, contesting, — CCC ]

AUSTRALIA

Ken Goth VK3AJU 38A Lansdowne Road SL Kitda, Vic. $183 Australia

Ken reports thai he received news about Juty 10 that he had won the VK HF Contest Champi- onship for 1988. This is kind of a penlathalon minus one event, based on placiogs in their four an- nual HF contests.

The four contests are the John Moyte (emphasis on portable/field ops); Ihe Novice (scores are load- ed for low powered and club sta- tions; separate sections for Novice and Full Calls), the Re- membrance Day Contest (a sheer numbers game, involving VK. ZL, and P29 to commemorate ops killed in World War II): and finally the VK/ZL/0 Contest.

The reward is a small cup— a replica of a larger permanent tro- phy which remains with the WIA with the names of winners over the years inscribed on it.

The meeting of the Wl A Federal Executive in June resulted in plans for a new edition of the VK callbook, a recruitment drive, SOth anniversary celebrations, and a li- aison with the federal govern- ment. Defeated was a move for a fairly substantial hike in WIA membership fees.

ISRAEL

Ron Gang 4X1 MK Kibbutz Urim Negev f^^P.O. 85530 tsraet

Crusader Fortresses Operation

For 100 hours, four stations Op* erated concurrently (some of them mullkig at): 4Z1A from the Crusader ruins in the Ashkelon National Park; 4Z2B at the recon- structed Belvoir fortress overlook* fng the southern Sea of Galilee and Jordan River; 4Z3C in the ru- ined Crusader port and strong- h<^d of Caesarea on Ihe northern coast of the Mediterranean; and 4Z5V at Yehiam tn the Galilee, the site of the Judyn Crusader fort. 55,000 contacts were made by the stations, operating around the clock under exceedingly good t^nd conditions at this sunspot cycle high.

A very handsome award is available to those contacting all tour stations. All one has to do is to send a written request for the certificate along with an excerpt from your log showing the details of the QSOs with each of the four stations, and a handling charge of either 7 IRCs or $5.00 US (do not send checks) to: Crusader Award. Israel Amaieur Radio Club. ROB 4099, 61040 Tel-Aviv, Israel.

QSL cards are being sent for each contact made through the OSL bureaus around the world, so every contact will be confirmed. The organizers of the event re- quest that hams do not send OSLs and postage-accompanied re- quests for direct replies, since with the great volume of contacts these special requests cannot be acco m mod ated .

Unofficial Report from Hungary

Ahron 4X1 AT has just returned from a motor trip through Europe, and has interesting news. Al- though Israel does not have a re- ciprocal licensing agreement with Hungary, and to the best of our

knowledge not many countries do, he was granted permission to operate his mobile statron there! He returns home with the as yet unofficial good tidings I hat radio hams from around the world, bringing with them a letter from their national radio society attest- ing to their being an amateur of good standing^ along with a copy of their license, will t>e allowed to operate there. Ahron says that he was received most cordially at Ihe border, and the officials did not even beat an eyelash at the sight of his whip antenna on the car and radio gear. Apparently, the same warm welcome mat is put oul to radio amateurs visiting Hungary from all over the world.

Vm sorry to say that the atrave information is sketchy, and hope- fully someone from the Hungarian Amateur Radio Federation will be able to supply 73 Internationat with the complete details.

From Ahron: ''Hungary is a beautify] country to visit, and dur- ing July. I worked 0N6UG/HA on AMSAT OSCAR 13. Freddie was operating from a campground 45 kilometers west of Budapest, and his 2 meter, 70 and 22 centimeter antefuna was a homemade ten- foot dish, putting excellent signals into the salellite. if this Eastern Bloc country will allow foreign na- tionals to operate such suspj- cious-looking gear on their territO" ry. it would definitely point to the dawning of a new age of enlight- enment with the relaxing of inter- national tensions."

In Hungary there are two li- cense classes — the HA prefix with full privileges on ail Ihe bands, and the HG prefix, apparently re- stricted to VHF and UHF opera- tion. Ahron says that the responsi- bility for amateur licensing is apparently now in the hands of the newly reorganized Hungarian Amateur Radio Federation, and not the government. Anybody out there who can set the record straight?

The 1989 Annual Membership Assembly

In late May, in accordance with the lARC bylaws, the club mem- bers were assembled to express themselves and elect a new slate of officers for a year*s term. As always, a major motive lor the hundreds of hams from around the country to come Is the social aspect — to meet face to face the physical entities from whom the voices, and the words on the packet-fed computer screens, emanate.

The place — a Targe auditorium in the Tel Aviv University, home of the world-renowned 4X6TU bea- con on t4.100 MHz- Shiomo 4X6LM was elected to chair the meeting. He invited Yankele 4X4 AH, lARC president, to the podium for his words of greeting to all. and praise of I ARC achieve* ments in the past year. Israel Biber 4X1 OR. speaking on behalf of the Communications Ministry; praised the participatbn of the ra- dio amateurs in the Israeli aid mis- sion to earthquake-stfiken Arme- nia, Israel told us that a new syllabus for the Grade "A" license exams had been approved and thai a reciprocal licensing agree- ment had been signed between Denmark and Israel,

Awards: Jim 4X1 RU was ac- claimed outstanding amateur of the year for his operation of his packet BBS/Gateway station that serves as an important junction on the crossroads of Europe. Asia and Africa, with hundreds of mes- sages being cleared through his station.

Hardy 4X6VH was named for his work as an instructor at 4X4HF, the Bet f^iller Radio Club in Haifa, and his handling of the huge volume of OSL cards for the I ARC QSL bureau. Avner 4X1 GE was cited for his excellent series of technical articles in HaGat, the lARC magazine, articles which no amateur radio publica- tion in the world would be ashamed to print.

Ralph 4X1IF's outstanding ac- complishments in moonbounce were awarded, and Shoshanaand Ahron. 4X60L and 4X1 AT, were granted the recognition due them for theif successes in bringing scores of people to earning their amaieur radio licenses.

Ahron 4X1 AT, stepping down as lARC general secretary, re- called the Passover operation putting four stations on the air from Crusader forts for 100 hours, and said thai work continues in getting Israel into the European Common License Group. Yossi 4X6KJ said that in the past year membership services gfeatly ex- panded. Michael 4X6PZ, who was the lARC liaison person with the Communications Ministry, report- ed that no more repeaters were being authorised on the 70 cm UHF band, as this slice of spec- trum was indispensible to other services. Authorization of auto- patches on the repeaters still re- mains a problem, but on Ihe brighter side the Grade ''A" syl- labus he had initiated had been

I

90 73 Amateur Radio • IJecember, 1989

Photo A Peter Strauss ZSBET. tARU Liaison Officer, SARL and 73 Hambassador.

authorized, and he had worked with the "Open University" on a course to prepare hopefuls for the Grade "B" examinations. Kuti 4X60 M, treasurer, gave the finan- cial report, and Aharon 4X6SF re- ported on (he year's special events. Moshe Laufman. lARC spokesman, said thai Israel Tele- vision would be producing a docu- mentary on amateur radio,

After the intermission for re- freshments and general ragchew- ing, the meeting reconvened with the traditional open forum for lARC members lo express their ideas and opinions. Then the seri- ous business of electing a new ex- ecutive, formed by 4XH0, 4Z4's BQ, PE and ZB, 4X6's KJ, OM, PZ, SF and YA. Comptroller com- mittee is 4X1 FU, 4X4ND artd 4Z4JT, and membership commit- tee is 4X6LD. 4X6AS and 4X4 ML, 4X6KJ's proposal for constitution- aj reform was passed to a legal committee that will present an amendment for next year's gener- al assembly to vote on.

lARC New Executtve Goes to Work

On the 9th of July the outgoing and incoming executives got to- gether to hand over portfolios, and these are the new officers' posi- tions: 4X6KJ, general secretary; 4X6PZ, second in charge and li- aison to Communications Min- istry: 4X6YA, secretary: 4Z4BQ, assistant secretary; 4X6SF and 4Z4ZB, special events; 4Z4PE, re- peaters; and 4X110. packet and digipeater coordinator.

4X1FU— DXerof Distinction Yitzhak Halfon 4X1 FU has served and continues to serve with the lARC incoming OSL bu- reau, and his DX bufletrns are available on the packet network. Now the news comes to us that Yitzhak has made the Five Band DXCC, and is also on the DXCC

Honor Roll, Hat's ot# for your par- sistence> that has paid off in these marks of dislinctiooJ

Rishon Hams Meet Weekly

Joining the tradition of weekly get-togethers of radio amateurs in the Jarger urban centers, the hams of Rishon LeTzion now meet Friday afternoons at a side- walk cafe at the Rishon Mall. Re- cently, the mayor passed by the 17 hams sitting there, struck up a conversation, and ended up invit- ing them al) to his home!

{How often has that happened to any of you?]

Dayton in Israel?

Israel's first real hamfest was held on the 18th of October in Na- tanya. a good place convenient for most amateurs. Organizers of this event were 4X6TQ. 4X1 KT and4X6KR

{This was written if] September. Hopefully it went well —CCC\

Dataspace 1989 Representing Israeli hams at Dataspace 1969 at the University of Surrey in EngJand from July 27 through 31 were ShIomo 4X1AS and Yalr 4X4GL Yair wrote a com- prehensive article explaining the intricacies of AMSAT Phase III in the lARC publication seven years ago, and in 1984-5 gave a fort* nightly series of lectures for ama* teurs on amateur satellites* in what was then the AMSAT-fsrael chapter. Many of us who have since gone into this most exciting mode of communications will be waiting for their report of the conference.

SOUTH AFRICA

Peter Strauss ZSBET P.O. 80x35461 Northern 2115 South Africa

Peter reports through a note from SARL Headquarters that ex- tracts of the SARL HO bulletin will be airmailed to many publica- tions. Local news items will be deleted. Should you require such news on magnetic media (IBM 360kB 48 TPJ PC/XT) or via pack- et (your national licence cond^ tions permitting), please advise the SARL lARU desk.

At present, co-ordinators for German, Portuguese, Scandina- vian. French, Dutch, Spanish, Ital- ian and Arabic languages have teen or will be appointed.

The South African Radio League actively promotes the Is- sue of temporary Ifcences for for- eign radio amateurs intending to visit the Republic of South Africa and the general liberafisation of licencing of visiting foreign radio amateurs worldwide. Since 1981 the licence authonty in Pretoria is* sues short-term licences to appli* cants for a nominal fee of only Rand 12 (approx. US $5) for a three-month period. Amateurs from countries whose administra- tions conclude a bilateral agree- ment with South Africa receive

such permit free of charge. Guest

licences may be Issued to appli- cants from any country, and have indeed been issued to visitors from many countries already.

If the administration in your country issues a guest licence on- ly based on bilateral agreements, and no agreement as yet has been concluded with the administration in the Repubfic of South Afnca, you are cordially invited to contact the SARL HO to discuss prelimi* naries lo such an agreement.

The administration of the Re- public of South Africa has con* eluded bilatehal agreements with the following list of countries: Bo phuthatswana, Botswana, Chile, CfsNei, German Federal Rep. (in- cluding West Berlin), Great Brtiafn, Israel Portugal South West Africa/Namibia, Swaziland, Switzerland, Transkei, Venda, United States of America, and Zimbabwe.

Foreign amateurs should, how- ever, note that the South African licence authority will consider ap- plications for a short-term permit from any amateur in any country holding a CEPT Class 1 or CEPT Class 2 compatible licence. Ama- teurs holding only a Novice grade licence may not be issued with a short-term permit, as there is no compatible licence grade avail- able in South Africa.

New address for the SARL is: South African Radio League Headquaners. PO Box 2327, Jo- hannesburg 2000, South Africa. Tel: (01 1)484-2830.

V^H V^

f DX

Photo 8. WSA West Siberia Award from the West Siberia DX Ctub, sent by UA9MA.

73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989 91

Numbef 31 on yoyr Feedback card

1989 Annual Index

Subject/Article*

Description/Column Author

Issue Page Subject/Article'

Descripilon^Column Author

(ssue Page

Afliplfim. PQVfr, Aiadto. ind Pmnips

lOdb	RFpreatTtp	wmGP	AUG
TfOmkXMm	pQMTMlp	W6YUY	JUN
aMHzAmp	CifoAs		lUR
preantp ciTturi	liOf E^	WBl^F	StP
Switchirug loc oldef RF amp^	untvdrsal dfiMrtonp reKay	WA48LC	MAR
W1FBHW-7 linear amp	ORP	waavGE	APR .
Antennas
TOCHZ	dJsh system	WBfilGP	APR
\2mmn	array	WAIWBP	MAY
i^andlM	IddBgamDeaJni	W6YUY	SEP
ai^lCMHi	IwtfT	W3flW.W3LO¥	APR
SOmTnp	add barfed to AV4/S	ICEHJV	SEP
3»*nveiid U"	tfi&tfjrtBrvHi	WA3EKL	SEP
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HF vertical	full-wave	AFflB . .	AUG . .
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tow-pcwier	s^^ftte operation	WA52IS	JAN
inoblvf^ vMnRfts	Hurferand	wmj	JUL
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md^i^^	Diaaply i«dy^ 23anlne loss	WA0W9P	MAY
pOteiZMlDft	HofTwigln	KiOV	APPt
QflPSWIlBnbge	matm antenna fystim .	G«FAl	JUN
quadifiyagts	lor RDFpig	J«OV	JAW
Safari SpBciai	veiicalHFdipoiB	N4U0T	SEP
sarellites	antenna systems ...	.WA5ZIB	APR ..
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bjm$tif	enhancem«m	aiAAN	MAY
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y^^tMMmtw\a$ It ^	P^U	WtGV	OCT
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¥agii,ctt>ss«<]	lofTOon	W65ZDP.KG50A	MAY
ZFK!}lesis: ai^tsr^rias	Hamsats	WA5ZIB	APR
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AMSATTracktngSQftwarB	all typB-s ,	. W5IU	MAV
AfleS'1	logging far RTTVers	KE«KS .	.APR ..
AutosiKetcti	CAO soflware	VE6&GL	,JAN ..
044 Vduge Proieetor	<S12 .	WtVJO	JAN
ContfotAo#QinPC GGFCST.IiUffSCAN	mBncc ■ .	N7IPY	AUG
PrDpa^aian program	WIJCU	l-tB
Re(f»A(iplftl£rl8M		WRRFHS WBIOCV	OCT APR
1 lumv	fffview .	we9CW£	OCT
GndSQwwv	tocatonajd	WB6iGP	MAR
Hamcan	Qn-Jine calisjgn dir	,MS1B	JAN
Insiant Track	satiracker	N4RVE	.NOV .
MySX'MRunsDigicomf	pacKei iniertaca ^	, KAflElV	OCT ... .
Mei/nOM-Nordhnk	^ftwajie piracy conifover sy	W62KQI	JUN
ng^ DiE^rtace	ctNTSlnjction	N7IPY	AUG
aS-Z321orC-&4	OftfrChip	KBiCOQ	OCT
R&^ISirm. Jnti ooovstar	RTTYLMp	WA3AJR	SEP .--
S/kjun Ephwis Tr^er	MMtes	WASNOli	MAY
VlwWfw . * . ». ^ . . .	propagamn pnaffcuon proj jh	W7XU	APR
		(jjinaciiofi	JUL
wn?nrt}	DlAtoggsnq	VP2ML	APR

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Subject/Article*

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Oh^Dstfro, TroubJesHooilrif . Repair (corrt'd}

RF crfcuitry iroubleslhoohng

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schemalics ....

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Gtfi#ral JMcftsI Sm operaion KknStnivatGiffde t9B3 Holiday Wish List

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Subject/Artlcle*	D€ 5C npt 1 0 n /Colu m n	Author	Issue	Page	Subject/Article*	Oescriptfdn/Ccilumn	Author	Issue	Paq&
niillVK E^^k^meni (cwtt £f)					OJtoig	M3-T3	WASZiS	■iCV	72
eta»ACAdvler	NofrnwwM* AC probe	wesRnr	»40V	46	EtpwnwnttiOSCAFti	UoSATs merviftw	(jtmSKA	MAY	€2
FIIG-9600	^-W^litiimMHmiaBmcmm	W1KU	M3V	^	FmsYotf Signal	Dopplir sIlA tiAonai	AAfitXWEe	AUG	44
FMll	2mm	KBIUU	JUN	14	Instani Track	S2 ttBOtBT'lAini .	N4RVE	NOV	IB
FT-470	2iti/70(iiHT	KBIUIA	D£C	18	jAS-tb	Haifisats	WA5ZIB	SEP	es
FT'790Rll	aB-fDode 70cm trBnscetwef	KT®	MAR	4t	niQ(]4e opAfsbm	Hmtms	WASZIB	AUG	64
GMS-«i3NiC<j Chafer	fiewttiskerinig	KA9KAf	JUL	3^	Uodal	Ajr-Ei TOtot	WAStTD	WAY	24
GRAPES	5SK bps morlem	i^A9Q	OCT	.42	Mode L	d]£Ji ani&nna	WB5ZDP	MAY	IB
Ham-10. .	TnQl>ih? t Dm antenna	N1BLH	FEB	:n	MwJe L	microwave modes	WASZtB	JUL	64
H6aEh:HK-2l ...	micidTNC	N7KHU	MAP	3S	Mdde L	radace Irne loss	WAaWBP	MAY	50
		corradion	MAY	ID	Mode S	receive techniques	. WA3ETD	MAY	3e
IC-2SAT	2mHr	KB1UM	DEC	29	Mod*S	ZRO cess	WA5Z18	DEC	Sfi
IC-2GAT	2m KT	WA^LC	FEB	4€	Potariiiifi^Maiching Selector	phase seteoof {XOfact	- 7mm>	MAY	54
lC-791	HFng	WA4BLC	FEB	18	PotfBoySat^aStabon	coat-^tangef
ICFSWt	shtn pocAet SW raceMer	KA5S VEIGA	FEi UAR	4« 20	Qftf* "Biaot Bag	MtK^eAkipbikatPtenna PttitfileDSCAl^aa&Dn	N5UU N600K.	D€C a a	2* ■If
conipKl SCIiTii vitBfina	AH.	2b
Ka^mvsKAU	frnM^m^^ttammmf	we»»i	AUG	i6	R«teUrial}PheeMl^	AMSAT-OL
MWFAX	Inlo-TKh cooveirt&r	wB20a	FEB	24		PhMfc 3D «KL 4 QvWHW	DJ4ZC	MAY	,77
mggm^9C^m	repeater comrcttef	KtZJH	MAR	37	R&12^U	IfsquBiDr plan	WASZIB	S£P	m
UitpmsMobtieAinp	60CPWAm(j	WB6N0A	(^e	34	SATTflAKIII	aido anienna uachH	M5LC0	MAV	44
WF^}2/H	Mufti-Madi Data ControHer	N18LH	APR	64	Space Educaiion Hmvork	5clW)istLineioAO-13	K9PVW, Ban	MAY	71
MFj-931 Tamef-Gfound	Cffai&s ariiSicifll RFground	N13LH	MAR	34	Space Symposium '&<^	Hamsais	..Vi/ASZia	FEB	60
MFJ9&6	dillerenliaU antenna tuner	WA4BLC	JUfy	42	)4jmi»1ilB	impTOvied lurr^lil^
Mirage DIS	TOtmamp	KT2S	DEC	.4S		tor A-0-1 1 downNrks	ZL1AAN	MAY.	32
PacComm'aNi^t	9600 band packei modem	W2VY, K6KGS	NOV	30	waather ^ais , , . . . ^	ATV relays	WB4QCQ	MAP	76
PCEIeclranics'TXM	33cni ATV tranismitter	WBfiELK	JUL	44	ZRQ tests, anlenrias	Hamsais	WAiiZia	APP	76
PtKtasot	tHiiane s<N<tenf^ peneJ	wa^RRT	JUN	3€	Timsctkers. TrmsmHlMi,	Traittverteri
P«h67HF	mujnt-bano HF beain too IIHz-1 GH2 docont antena	W4WDR W1ICU.W7KTK	FEB APR IIAV	38 i Ji	??GMMj3(VIfl	ISOn^UOKHl	WfVUV	JAN	ie
PracQRKn Supftfcont	i4 65	2TtiMdCiilaRig	tfTpCHWgbOOSlCf	NfiKDO	Dec	22
		IjtMW no GonMJbon	QOmCW		mirmt	FEB	m
		phont noL cons^toti	AUG	90	OysuriSat	ctassc dRiQfi niVMwnfini		APR	t2
BMKySf^i	4-lOUH2f«oen«fkl(	WJ^PYH	AUG	30	CWTiWBCttwr	hir20mQRP	G3V<X	JUN	m
naiQvMVSSOO	lOm imiiili fiQ	HIBLH	JUN	30	D#fct Cam@fiMJ^	Recetver^	wesvGE	NOV	54
Stafcesssn Bin Sich	lOtri v«ri)Cil antefina	WA46LC	FEB	26	Dirtct Conversion	Ra^M^fs	W60VGE	DEC	^
StarCircu(t$fi(ll«r	TVI finef lor 6m	TnfiQvM	FEB	57	Bavoftg'	8Dm CW rig pf qed	KBTUM	NOV	12
TH25AT	amHT	KB1UM	APR	7a	G^liGUTranscetvar	eOmORP	..S3ffiLi	JUN	26
TM.621A	2mf2^UHi mobiie transoeivej	KAILR	APP .	. . . 24	Microwave Oven . .	13cm ORG Uansmlttir	KA9BYI	JUL	.54
TS-6MS	HFiranscftivar , .	N1BLH .	..SEP .	., . 30	OflPCW	30m.40m transceiver projeci	NZSG. N5HNN	JUN	.20
TS-TSOA	. 2m;7Dcfii/1^GHz5ateUiEB						correction, schematic	SEP	ae
	transcsrver	W3L0Y .»	MAY .	94	ORP^'BtftcKBag'	portable OSCAR siattoo	NeOGK	JUL	2e
TS-340S	Hf fig	WSftROr^	FEB JUN	12 11	QflP	&m h£x MtTsomvv	ex'YUlFP	JUN	50
		comedion	Rimstf QRP-4CI		ymtE	DEC	r
	SClOOJaT scanner	KATMOA	S^	52	w
UnnersilM^MX}	mullH noUi tt^lBl ^ecndRT	WKOLL	APR	44	Vidn
WtentQQO	l-An rnoC)^ anlecvti	Mieui	JUN	SI	AEAFSTV430	ATV	wmxB	JAN	S3
Sm Aan^pciwi mcf SoAnv in	lewivis m ^ cMgory				^^FSTV430	TOcmATV	MfVN.WBt.WmHK	JUL	2Q
					Amiga AVT	S^\Vrf*Xvnmi^D§	K3HKR	JUl	.39
v^^^l^^H^^V ^■V^^H-'^H^V^W					tme »mplerr7-pde Mtor	ATV	WBiOCO	FEB	64
t2e9M«^til)iSysttfn	afray	WASW6P . . .	ttAY	71	MoDi^ve Dveri	I3cin PRO transmmer	KAiBYl	JUL	54
70cm crossed yagi. ....	oonslnjcriiori	WaS7nP.KG50A	MAY	29	PCHecUQni^'Tl^'33	33cin ATV transm^ntr	WSaELK .	JUL	44
AMSAT-NAMiCFOsais	overview	NSeF	MAY	a3	SSTVIofAlflhST	coiorSSTV	waaosr	.DEC	se
AOl3Mo6&a .. .. ,,	Hamsats	.WASZIB	JAN .	9!	USATVSNai75fli	ATV	waaQCD	.JAN . .	,53
Decoding OSCAR Teterretry . .	. Part 1	G3RUH	MAY , .	, , . 20	weather saSS	ATV relays	. . waaoco	MAR	76
Decoding OSCAfl Tetemetfy	Pan W	. Q3RUH	.JUN	se
		addiliofi. addresses	SEP	aa	' Acrual nt4es or artii:les Of colymns ate cap^fMztKl.

I

Ke yword index

Number 32 on jfouf Fe<?dback card

DECEMBER 1989 Issue #351

t€i metar lapri Hlhites	7	EMmoQ Electroncs	25	Lithuania
1W4001	54	fj^Ff-e pmUem	S3	Ljyt324i350opamp
220MHI	7.60	GaAs fioHaf ceils	m	lova
2 mater motolle . .	22	QarreM lEU, Irtc.	12	Mar&iiall Indystries
40873 MOSfET	.. 54	Grov«En(erprlaes ......	26	Meattowlal^a Corporalion
40m*Eeriranamitter	32	HeaihHW&meds	65	microwave osdlfat^r
Bmeiefs	50	Hot Water H^dbook .	ss	Mini Circuits Lab
TOcmbdnd	4S	Hungary	90	MpragaDlSampfaher
MMOaHOfimidB . .	.73	lARC..	90	MifiQif knc ..... —
iMnrieutty	96	Cmamrfacrnnng	72	moUiiifiinSm
AMSAT-OSCAR-ta	SB	ItJCNii Afiifnca. IflCw	29	UodiAF^iOni
MenrttPra-ltf^oviCi Mnni AT-BI^QRD; AT-3»IPAC	7 en	hDomlOMT lcoraK>2SAT	9	ModteZROiesa
53	29	mom Stfanspondet
WiHiiiit HMI0FH bop .	50	icwTl&3SAT	SO	N5UU,AianXFm
AOriST	38	»G0mK>745	70	NSKOD.MfeaGray .
"Anas" Radio	7	Israel	90	Nvtmrlands
Augac/Alcoswnch	12	Japan	m	NswafK EledFonics
AusifBJia	90	JAS-lb	89	pacNet
AX,2S	47	KSMHJimMorrLssatt	06	PL-25B connector
Brazil	B9	KAlTGAJimBad	17	propagafior
Bf'eariblojt .	25	KA 111 KM, Linda l^oneau	17	QRPAQidO
twidiiosciJtalDrs		KA8HML, Thomas tWarfel Kafxioni Mcro Ke^ uptfali .	9 JP M	Radio Kit
26	64
CSMApiMiM	47	KSiUlllictaili.Gefer	2, m 29. 72	RCACAaOfflA
Oiym ibwwirtPB •90	€0	K»iwofidTH^2t	73	ROFng
{inct converayi rfloenffs	54	4<D|V JgeModPE	50	RC^
OKDA sonnify M ithltofts	54	KT2B,PMifUiisi	45	f^lQiU

89	R36BncN»de
54	HTTYonKAII
%	fiafeNite operstN^n
!2	SBL-1 DBM
12	Spgnatics NE602
66	Small Parts Center
54	South Africa
45	SSTV
4S	SSTV puMcaDCHifl. rwis
SO	jHikJilioai
24	TOW
5«	TLC1079C
56	VQXcmM
21	WlXy.JnnGriy
22	WASZIB.AfidyWicAlilar
89	WA0TF,Bif»tstema*
22	yVBIE.K€nnyACtialfin
47	WB20SZ.JohoW Langnef
50	WBSJGP.C.L Houghlon
86	waeRQN, Bnaii Lloyd
32	W6SVGE, Mike Brycc
54	WBWRLLanyR ArttOitul!
32	YaiiuFr^ll
54	YaisuR^TO
50	VaesuFT-620
47	Yaesiin^'OBOA
24	YvftjUSA

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W 73 Amateur Radio • December, 19S9

Nyniber 32 on your Feedback card

ARTER'N'BUY

OSLs TO OFIDER. Variety Df styles. cok>rs. card stock, W4BP0 OSLs, PO Drawer DX, Cordova SO 29039

6ISfB260

THE OXERS Af4GAZ/W£ Up-to-daie. in forma hve, interesting. Compiled and edited by Gus Browning W4BPD. DX- CC Honof Roll Certificate 2-4. Send for free sample and subscription infor- mation loday. PO Drawer DX. Cordova SC 29039 BNBaei

AZOEN SERVICE by former factory technician. Fast turnaroynd. PCS-3tX] N^Cads $36.95. Southern Technalo- gies Amateur Radio. Inc„ 10715 SW 190 St. #9, Miami FL 33157, (305) 23e- 3327. BNB262

QSL CARDS- Look good wilh top quali- ty pnnDng. Choose standard designs orfuify customjzed cards. Better cards mean more returns to you. Free brochure, samples. Stamps appreciat- ed. Chester QSLs. Dept A, 310 CofT»- mercial. Empona KS 66801 . BNfl434

SUPERFAST MORSE CODE 5U- PEREASY, SubHminai cassette. SIO. LEARN MORSE CODE IN 1 HOUR. Amazing new sypereasy technique. SiO Both Si 7 Moneyback guarantee ^ Free catalog: SASE, Bahr. Dept 73-3. 1 196 Cilrus. Paimbay FL 32905.

BN8531

SB-220/221 OWNERS: 17 detailed mods which include 160-6 meter oper- ation. QSK, + enhanced p.s. 50% re- bate for new mods submitted! 9 pages Of 3-5002 tech tnfo, $11 postpaid,— Info, SASE. BOB KOZLAREK WA2SQQ, 69 Memorial Place, Elm* wood Park NJ 07407. BNB581

ELECTRONIC KITS & ASSEMBUES.

For our latest catalog ^ SAS€ (45c) to: A&A Engineering. 2621 W. LaPafma, m, Anaheim GA 92301 . BNS624

HT-CLONE BATTERIES: ICOM: BP5 $42.95, BP-3S (23CBP3 Wall Chg) $42.95. YAESU: FNB2 $21.95. FNB10S^/FNB12 $45.50. SANTEC: 142/442/1200 S22.95, 'RESUrLDiNQ: SEND-UR PACK" Icom BP3S20. BP5 $28. BP7/e $34, BP70 $35. Yaesu I FNB9 $19 FNB10 $24 FNB4MA $37. Kenwood PB21 $18, PB25/H/26 $25. "U-OO-IT REPAIR INSERTS" ICOM: BP3 $16,95. BP5 $22-95. BP7/8 $28-95. KENWOOD: PB21 $12:95. PB24/25/26 $19.95. TEMPO: SI-15/ series $22.95 YAESU; FNB9 $14,95. FNB10 $18.95. FNB4MA $32,95, AZ- OEN 300 $19-95. PORTA-PAC W/ CHGR l2V5AHf $49.95. 1400LT Pacit (25'3520/No-Piug) $54.95 "TELE- PHONE / PAGER & COMMERCIAL PACKS" "FREE CATALOG." $3 ship- p<ng/ordef. PA -6%. VJSA-M/C -^$2.

(814) 623^7000, CUNARD ASSOCI- ATES, Dept. 7, R.D. 6 Box 104, Bed- ford PA 15522. eNB628

ROSS^ SSSS USED December SPE- CIALS: KENWOOD PS-50 Si 79.90, MC-80 S59-90, TH-4SAT S249.90, MS- 1 $28.95. IF10B $47.90. ICOM U4AT $209.90, IC-3AT $179.90, 1C-251A $369.90, BC-50U $59. 90, YAESU FT- 7eOR $399.90, FT-IOIE S399 90, FT- 730R/YM50 S229 90. FRA'7700 $39.90, COLLINS 75-S1 $175.90, 32S1 $249.90, 516-F2 $199 90. AC- 3805 $200.00 LOOKING FOR SOME- THING NOT LISTED?? CALL OR WRITE. WE HAVE OVER 220 USED ITEMS in stack. MENTJQN AD. PRICES CASH. FOB PRESTON, HOURS TUESDAY^FRIDAY 9:00 TO 6:00, 9:00-2:00 P.M. MONDAYS. CLOSED SATURDAY & SUNDAY. ROSS DISTRIBUTING COMPANY, 78 SOUTH STATE, PRESTON ID 93263. (208) 852-0830. BNB654

WRITTEN EXAMS SUPEREASY.

Memory aids from psychologist/engi- neer cut studytime 50% , Novice, Tecli, Gen: $7 each. Advanced, Extra: $12 each. Morteyback guarantee. Bahr» Depl 73-3, 1196 Citrus, Paimbay FL 32905. 6NB69t

RDSS^ SSSS NEW HARD TO FIND SPECIALS: KENWOOD KPS'21 $99.90. VFO'700S S149.90. TR.8400 S379.99, TR-3600A $283.99, HMC-1 $46/90. TEN'TEC 222 S29.90. 252MOE $129,90, ICOM IC^70l $589.90. IC-38AAWHM-14 $328.99, IC- 490A $549.90, IC-471A $639.99, EX- 108 $109.90, EX-107 $55.90, YAESU FP-4 $39.90, FSP-1 $17.90 FT'YM-33 $49.99 , QTR24 $25.55. YR-901 $549.99, AMP SUPPLY LK550-NTC SI 999.90, LK450-ZC $899.90, ROBOT 450C $664.99, 800CH $59999. 800H $329.99, AEA PK-64A/HFM $149.99, MP-20 $69.99. MP'64 $99.99, PM-I $139.90. ALL LXD. {LIMfTED TIME OFFER) LOOKING FOR SOMETHING NOT LISTED?? CALL OR WRITE. Over 9004 ham -related items in stock for immediate shipment. Mention ad. Prices cash. F.OB PRESTON, HOURS TUESDAY-FRIDAY 9:00 TO 6:00. 9:00-2:00 P.M. MONDAYS. CLOSED SATURDAY & SUNDAY, ROSS DISTRIBUTING COMPANY, 78 SOUTH STATE. PRESTON ID 83263. {206) 852-OB30. BNB709

$50 PACKET D(GrCOM> 64— soft- ware based PACKET for the Com- modore B4. Software is public domain and requires a rrTodem for the C-64 which is provided by our kit. Board plugs directly into cassette port or re- mote mounted via cable, both oonnec- tors included. Power dertved from

computer. Uses 7910 chip— no alfgn- ment required. Switch allows HF or VHF operation. Order Kit #154 for $49.95 or Assembly #154 for $79.95. boih include FREE DISK, Add $2.50 s/h. A a A Engineering, 2521 W. LaPal- ma, #K, Anaheim CA 92801 . (714) 952- 211 4, MC or VISA ac^pled. BNB732

HAM TRADER YELLOW SHEETS. In our 28th year. Buy, Swap, Sell ham radio gear. Published twice a month. Ads quickly circulate, no long wart for resufts. Send business size SASE for sample copy. $15 for one year (24 is- sues). P.O.B. 2057. Glen Ellyn IL 60138-2057 or P.O.B. 15142, Seattle WA 98115. BNB741

SSSSS SUPER SAVINGS $S$$S on electronic parts, components, sup^ plies, and computer accessories. Send one dollar for l -year subscription to our 40-page catalogs and their supple- ments. Gel ofi our mailing tist. BCD ELECTRO, PO B03( 450207, Garland TX 75045 or caJI {214) 343-1 770,

&NB749

HAM RADIO REPAIR alt makes, mod- els. Experienced, reliable service. Robert Hall Eleclronies, Box 280363. San Francisco CA 94128^363, (408} 72^^^8200. BNB751

WANTED: Ham Equipment and other property. The Radio Club of Junior High School 22 NYC, Inc. , is a nonprof- it organization, granted 5014C)(3) status by the IRS. incorporated with the goaf of using the theme of ham radio to further and enhance Ihe edu- cation of young people nationwide. Your property donation or financial support would be greatly appreciated and acknowledged with a receipt for your tax deductible contribution. All of the ''22 Crew" want to wish our friends and supporters worldwide the very best holiday season ever. "Education Thru Communication"' celebrates its tenth anniversary thanks to you. Please write us at: PO Box 1052, New York NY 10002. Round the dock Hot- line: (516) 674-4072, BNB762

INDIVIDUAL PHOTOFACT FOLD- ERS. ^AQ to #1400. $4,00. #1401 Up. $6.00. Sam's books, $7.00. Postpaid. Atlen Loeb, 414 Chestnut Lane, Easi Meadow NY 1 1554. BNB766

AVANTEK ATF10135 $12.00. MMIC's. PC. board, SASE: WA31AC. 7148 Montague Sr, Philadelphia PA 19135, BNB771

HAMLOG COMPUTER PROGRAM FuH features. 17 modules, Auto*logs. 7-band WAS/DXCC. Apple $19.95. IBM, CP/M, KAYPRO. TANDY, CR8 $24.95. 73.KA1AWH, PB 2015, Pea- body MA 01960. BNB775

ARCO GENESFS G-100 5 watt photo- voltaic panel $79. 95. Sovonics P-201, new design 24 watts $179.95 I ship. Mike Bryce, 2225 Mayflower NW. Mas- sillon OH 44647. BNB812

1050-^ DX AWARDS, 103 countries detailed in KlBV's Directory. $15.65. Ted Melinosky, 525 Foster St., South Windsor CT 06074-2936. BNBS35

100 QSL CARDS S9t Shipping includ- ed. Free samples. Shell Printing. KD9KW, PO Box 50A, Rockton IL 61072. BNB859

WIRE ANTENNAS and accessories, antennas from SIO, coffee cups, call- sign plaques. SASE for list. WSEV Products. 205 W. First St., Arcanum OH 45304. BNB865

CURRY COMMUNICATIONS proudly introduces a complete line of easy to buiid kits fgr L.F. and 1750 meters. Please write for brochure. Curry Com- munications. 852 North Lima Street, Burbank CA 91 505. BNB874

RIT KITS for most transceivers, $15. Includes shipping. Loren Wallen KA7A2M. 6323 S.W. 100th. Tacoma WA 98499. BNBSSS

LOW COST HAM GEAR. SASE for free list. WA4DS0. 3037 Audrey Dr.. Gastonia NC 28054 . B N BS90

r

Bafter 'N' Buy advenising must pertain to ham radio prcMJucts or services.

nindividual (noncommercial} > SOc per word

DCommercial $1 ,50 per word

Prepayment required. Count oniy the words in the text. Your address is free, 73 cannot verify advertising claims and cannot bB held responsible Ibr daims made by the advertiser Liability wlH be limited to making any necessary corrections in the next available issue. Please prim cfearty or type (double-spaced).

1

I

No discounts or commissions are available Copy must be received in [ Petertjorough by the first of the second month preceding the cover date. Make checks payable to 73 Magazine and send to; Donna DiRusso. Barter | 'N' Buy, Sox 278. Forest Road, Hancock, NH 03449,

73 Amateur Radfo • December, 1989 95

SURPLUS CATALOG. 72 page^. S2 HAM-SWL-SCANNER BOOKS. Cata- Surplus, FO Ba)c 276. Alburg VT log $1. Tiare. PO Box 493/S. Lake 0&440. BNeaSI Geneva Wl 53147, BNBaie

Numbef 33 on your Feedback cmd

BIRD ELEMENTS, WATTMETERS. DUMMY LOAOS-'Buy and Sell. (609) 227-5269. Eagle, 100 Deafborne Ave. Blackwood HJ 08012. BNBa94

WANTED: All types of Elect rop Tubes. Call toll free 1 (800} 421-9397 or 1 (612) 429-9397. C & N Electronics, Harold Bramsiedt. 6104 Egg Lake Road, Hugo MN 55036. BNB900

CAD/CAM PHOTOPLOTTING tor any RS-274 Gerber Photo Ptol file produced from your PC Cad pro* grain, S" x 10* N&galive or Positive Photoplots start at $15. Call for details. KENPRO CIRCUIT SYSTEMS. FEN- TON MO. \ (600) 325-3678/1 (31 4J 343-1630 in MO. BNB902

OSLs k RUBBER STAMPS-TOP

QUALITY! States. World Maps. USA. Key. Shuttle, Globe QSLs Report Form Rubber SI amps, Morel Samples $1 .00 (Refundable With Order .) Ebbert Graphics D-7. Box 70, Wests rvilte OH 43081 . BNB903

DIGITAL AUTOMATIC DISPLAYS.

Be specific, 45c S.A.S-E. GRAND SYSTEMS. Dept. A, PO Box 3377. Blaine WA 98230. BNB90B

HAM-SOFT— Publtc Domain Soft- ware For Amateur Radio Hundreds of titles, lowest prices, satisfaction guar- anteed! IBM. C'64, MAC. VGA Graph- res^ more. Calatog $1 00 relunded iksi order HAMSOFT, PO Box 2525, Mor- gan City LA 70381. 0NB9O9

HAM SOFTWARE t8M/Compaiib(es 10 disks S26.95, MCA/ISA/Dtscovflf. N5ABV EAPCO/7, PO Box 14. Keller TX 7624S-O014. (817) 498-4242, I (600)869-7208. BNB911

ELECTRON TUBES: All types & sizes. Transmiltingp Receiving, Mi- crowave Large inventory = same day shipping Ask about our 3-500Z special. Daily Electronics. PO Box 5029. Compton CA 90224 (800) 346- 6667. BNB913

ICOM, KENWOOD & YAESU OWN- ERS: I reformative sepamie Newslet- ters lOtb year USA Bulk ($10.50) F.C. ($12.50) Canada (S1300) Elsewhere ($14 00&S18 00) Free Catalog Send (4Sc) SASE International Radio & Computers. InCn 751 South Macedo Blvd., Port St. Lucie FL 34983. 1-407- 679-6868. BNB9t4

WAf^TED RF JAMMING: Knowledge and or equipment. Also highty sensi* tive hearing devices^ medical or survel- liance Eugene DelL 3D0 Bent wood Ave,, Johnstown PA 15904 BNB91 5

COMMODORE 64 HAM PRO- GRAMS—16 disk sides over 200 Ham programs $16.95 25c stamp gets un- usual software catalog of Utilities. Games. Adult artd British Disks Home^ Spun Software, Box 1064-BB. Eslero FL 33928. BNS917

AMIGA. MACINTOSH, & ATARI XL/ XE/ST Amateur Radio software We have several public domain disks avail- able for trade or S4.(X) each Send busi- ness size SASE specifying computer for list Write WA4EFH. PO Box 1646, Orange Park FL 32067-1646,

BNB918

MACINTOSH HAM SOFTWAflE-DX HELPER 'gives you bea/ing. distance, gray line map, custom Great Circle maps, MUF, call sign identifier, CW code practice, beam heading charts, much morel See 73 October '89^ p. 59. $39 95 Ppd Track the MicroSats with SATELLITE HELPER". Polar. Great Ctrcte, Rectangular graphics, view from space, az. el. aft. rarvge. doppter, elc. Sun and Moon, tool Rotor conirol with Mirage/KLM fnierface. See Au- gust '88 OST p 87 $59.95 Ppd Pro version $99.95. SASE or call for more info. MacTraksrgetr Software. PO Bojc 1590. Port Orchard WA 9S366 (206) 871-1700. BNB9li

BETTER THAN BDOKS-EAStER THAN A COMPUTER. Quick, Easy and Simple— a complete line of carry along Study Cards covering Novice through Extra. All Questions— an- swers— and pictures rtghi at your fin- gertips on file cards. Divided into kngi- cat segrrvents. these study c^rds were developed after a need arose for a bet- ter method of studying for the wntten exams. Question and correct answer appear on one side (with Key Words underlined in both Question & An- swer) The other side coniains the question with the four multiple cfioice answers as a cor^venient Qu^z Recom- mended and used by Amateur Clubs for upgrades and to aid XYLs and chil- dren just getting started Info on Re- Quest (rom VIS PO Box 16646, Matties^ burg MS 39402. BNB920

DOSSAT SATELLITE TRACKING SOFTWARE Tabular and EGA For- mat. IBM^PC compatible $30, PO Box 37, Redmond WA 98073-0037.

eNS921

WANTED: OST S for 1916 and 1917. R. Arrowrsmith, W4JNN. 3505 Wood- burn Rd , Annandale VA 22003. (703) 560-7161. 8NB922

de K6MH

Amateur, from Latin amare, to kjve. One who engages in activity for the beauty of il,

Amateurity

Tm wary of the word "ama- teurish." It's a put-down I dis- like, as if ^ "amateur" means "im- mature'' and where if s really at is to be "professional.'' The word "professional" has been given lots of moxie compared to "amateur" and L question this.

An amateur is a person v/ho does something for the love of ri, for the intrinsic value of it, the adventure, the discovery, the h0(3e of presenting something new or uselul to others. Ama- teurs are not motivated primarily by the desire to serve their fellow beings, but it often turns out that way. Why? Because something done for the beauty of it makes good waves.

What bothers me is all the ef- forts going on in the wortd that are not amateurish, but what we might call "professionalish.'' Professionalism dates back to the oldest profession (remem- bdr that one?), and pros have been with us ever since. *

Think it over. Where have the great advances come Irom? Am- ateurs, And who is busy at Vt^ork destroying the ptanet. from the rape of the rain forests to the pollution of air. water, and soil? Professionals, people who are over employed doing somethmg they don't like, don't feel really good about, because they think they must.

It's been said. The world is for (overs, fs it so? Lovetess. non- amateur acts are about to do us in. Maybe we should look agam to the beauty of what we do* rather than to the means of

exploiting it for the almighty buck. I say we need more ama- teurs. . .and more amateurity among the professionals.

By definition, children are am- ateurs, amateurs who society makes every effort to profes- sionalize^ We may need more unconverted amateurs, children allowed to grow up foflowing their curiosity, being ^'a light un- to themselves/" rather than be- ing '^whipped into shape."

The word amateurity has en- trenched itself in my vocabulary It's yours to use it you like. To me it means real maturity, a love of action for its own sake not on* ly in youth but in the full-grown human who has not lost this love, this amateur spirit, or has tost it for a time, but thank God, regained it.

WW in

Hams are famous for commg through in emergencies. What we fail to realize is that we are embroiled right now in the great- est emergency mankind has ev- er known: wholesale extinction of species, destruction of the subtle web of support from plankton through myriads of flo^ ra and fauna all the way up to us 'higher types/' an interdepen- dent design that works well only when none of the parts are miss- ing

World War Ml is already happening. It's a war worth fighting, a global war against ignore-ance, a war that none of us can escape.

From lesser emergencies in the past we have learned this: Without communication we are lost. . . . de K6MH

*rve t^eafil since thai the Dtde&l profes^^on IS shamanisfn , bull couldn't lesisi I he di^

How About , • -

. . An Instantaneous Direction Finder for transmitter hunting? One that uses a phased array switched electronically, to give a reading in less than a second, with no physical rotation needed?

. . -A unisex word for "he/she/' "him/her?"

, , , Educational amatsur radio, a way to participate in tifatong (earn- ing for young and old, shut-ins and travelers^ via 2m repeater nets'?

. . . Sharing who's behind the WiEardof-Oz cabinet, instead of cata- loging what the cabinet consists of <rig. antenna, etc,)?

, . .More ideas from you, the reader, for future "How About's/'

96 73 Amateur Radio • December, 1989

Compare ... Ours & Theirs

Choosing the radio that's right for you can be pretty confusing* Thatis why we decided to make it as simple as possible for you to see how these Yaesu hand-helds stack up against the competi- tion. No boasts, no sales pitches^ just a factual side-by side comparison of '*ours*' versus "theirs" Because Yaesu quality speaks for itself*

17210 Edwards Road Cernios, CA 9G701 (800) 999-2070

© llIHe Viitsiu USA,

2 METKR HANDHELD SPKClFICATiONS	YAESU Fl^ll/ftll	MXMI IC-2SAT/IC4SAT	TH215/TH415
Mernorj' Chan m- Is	49	48	10
VFOs	• ^		1
Memory Channtvls Sum Any Offset	49	10	10
Wide Receiver Pr^uencv Ran^e	utf^ns	ltJ8-i74	141-16^
Wide Receiver fVequenCT Range (MfU) f HF	4H(»4nO	440-450	4aS450
Buili-m aCSS Enoode/Decmle	IndKled	Option	EncixJe Only
Memory DTMF AutiKiiiiler	to	None	None
CTTSS Paging	V^	Option
Pn^amniable Battery Saver	v^	•^	V^
Biicklit LCD Dbplay	v^	^	1^
Back-lit DTMF Ktnpad	v^	—
APO, Auicjmatit; Power Off	v^	y^	—
I MHz I'p/Dnwn Stepping	y^	^	v^
Vinyl Ca.S€	\^.	Option	Option
Scan For CTC^S Tbnn		—
Built In \m	v^	—	—
Clock	—	V^
Odd Split. Any Tx Or lix Frequency In Any Memory Channel	49	10	I
Suggested Retail Price	$406.00*	S439.95*	$;i49.%»
DUAL BAND HANDHELD SPECIFKATIONS	YAESU n470	ICOM IC4I2AT	KENWOOD TH75A
Memory <Jhajinels	4a	20	20
VFOs Per Bai^d	f*	1	1
Wide Receiver Frequency Range (MHz)-VHF	130^180	I»IT4	140-1&4
Wide Retteiver Frequency Range (MHz)-lHF	430-1 5U	440-450	43&'450
Built-in cress Encode/Demde	Included	Option	Encode Only
Memory DTMFAut{Kiialer	10	Vone	None
Dual Receive With Balanct* Control	^^		v^
CTC^S Paging	v^		y^
Cross Band Full Duplex	v^	V^	v^
Programmable Battery Saver	y^	•^	%^
Barklit U'D Display	v^	^	v^
Bauklil DTMF Keypad	v^		—
Alternating Band Scan	fc^	V^	v^
Crotai Band Repeater	v^		—
Ptwer Ontpnt on 2 Meter m4 440	2.3W	5.0W	1.SW
APO. Aulomatie P^w^erOff	\^		•^
1 ViW'i I p/Dtwn Stepping	^	^	^
Memory Channels Store Any Offset	M	20	m
Vinyl Case	V^	Option	Optjim
Odd Split, Tx Or Rx, Any Frequeiu'y In Any Memory Channel	42	20	2
Suggest*Hi Retail Price	s'jTs.no	?H:i!) m	S549.U0

631A

144/450 and 144/220 MHz FM Dual Banders

• Extended mcefver range u, (136 OCX) - 173,995 MHz) on 2 m; 70 ^ cm coverage is 438.000 - 449.995

|MHz; 1-1/4 m coverage is 215 - 229 995 MHz (Specifications guar- anteed on Amateur bands only Two ^ meter transmit range is 144 - 148 MHz. Modifiable for MARS/CAR Permits required.) ^[{^

• Separate frequency dM|ray for "main' and -«ub-bamJrf||^ ^

•Versatile scanning functions. g

Dual scan, and carrier and time *

operated scan stop.

jj30 memory channels. _^^^

, Stores everything you need to make

operating easier. Two channels for

*odd splits:

• SO Watts on 2 m, 35 watts on 70 cm 25 watts on M/4 m, ^«»-^ ^ App^ox. 5 watts low power.

•Auloma4.v ^set selection.

• Dual antenna ports.

• Automatic Band Change (A.B.C) Automatically changes between main and sub-band when a signal Is present

• Dual watch function allows VHF and UHF receive simultaneously.

• CTCSS encode/decode selectable from front panet or UP/DWN keys on microphone.

{Encode built-in, optional TSU-6 needed for decode.)

• Balance control and separate squelch controls for each band.

Full duplex operation. \ •Dimmer switch.

• 16 key DTMF/contfol mlc. included,

• Fj^ency (dis|) lock. y

Optfonal Accessories:

• PG-4H Extra interface cable for IF-20 (for three to four radios)

• PG-4J Extension cable kit for \ IF20 DC and audio PS'430 Power supply * TSU-6 CTCSS decode unit • SWT-1 2 m antenna tuner SWT-2 70 cm antenna tuner

• SP-41 Compact mobile speaker

• SP-50B Deluxe mobile speaker

• PG'2N DC cable ^ PG-3B DC line poise filter * MC-60A, MC-BO, MC-85 Base station mics. - MA-7ao Dual b^nd 2 m/70 cm mobile antenna

lount not supplied) MB-11 Mobile uracket - MC-43S UP/DWN hand mic

• MC-48B 16-key DTMF hand mia

KENWOOD USA CORPORATION

GOMMyNtCATlONS & TEST EQUIPMENT G80UP

RO, BOX 22745. 2201 E. Domingyez Sireet Long Beach, CA 90801-5745 &^^

KENWOOD ELECTRONICS CANAD^wfr RQ BOX 1075, 959 Gana Court Mississauga. Ontario, Cansds UT 4C?

SPB

, . , pacBsetter in Ama tear Radio

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