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UNIVERSITY

TE SCHOOL UCATION

1

ANNALS OF

WINCHESTER COLLEGE

r. F. KIRBY

IIOSACK HABT, PIINTSR TO THE VNIVEKSrTV

o

ANNALS

OF

INCHESTER COLLEGE

from ite foundation in tbe seat 1382 to tbe present Uime

IVITH AN APPENDIX

CONTAINING

THE CHARTER OF FOUNDATION, WYKEHAM'S STATUTES OF 1400, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS

AND AN INDEX

V

BY

'' T. F. KIRBY. M.A., F.S.A.

Bursar of Winchtsier ColUgg Formerly Fellow of Triniiy ColUge, Cambridge

PUBLISHED UNDER THE SANCTION OF THE WARDEN AND FELLOWS

LONDON : HENRY FROWDE WINCHESTER: P. AND G. WELLS

1892

\

ERRATA

^e i8, line g from tap, /ores nad est

„ 34, lines 7, 8 „ omit and dice

„ 48, line 4 „ /or l^8o rtad l^^o

i> ^5i » ' 11 yiir publication nw/promulgatioj

„ iio,liaes9, 19 „ /or 'Extntne' read' Exirane'i'

„ 980, line 4 from bottom,/or Nicholas read Nichols

CONTENTS

-M-

CftAP. PAGB

I. The Foundation i

II. The Site 7

III. The Endowment 14

rV. The Fabric a8

V. The Statutes 65

VI. The Founder^s Kin 93

VII. The Commoners 109

VIII. Warden Morys (1393-1413) 137

IX. John Fromond 163

X. Cardinal Beaufort 171

XI. Warden Thurbern (1413-50) 183

XII. Wayneflete 198

XIII. Wardens Chaundler and Baker (1450-87) . . 909

XIV. Wardens Cleve, Rede, Barnake, and More (1487-1541) . 224 XV. Warden White (1541-54) 246

XVI. Wardens Boxall and Stempe (1554-82) .... 279

XVII. Warden Bilson (1582-96) 291

XVIII. Warden Harmar (1596-1613) 298

XIX. Warden Love (1613-30) 308

XX. Warden Harris (1630-58) 316

XXI. Warden Burt (1658-79) 348

XXII. Warden Nicholas (1679-17 ii) 363

XXIII. Wardens Brathwaite, Cobb, Dobson, and Bigg

(1711-57) 385

XXIV. Wardens Golding and Lee (1757-89) .... 397

XXV. Warden Huntingford (1789-1832) 416

XXVI. Warden Barter (1832-61). The Governing Body . 426

APPENDICES

I. Roger de le Chambre's commission 435

IL Papal license to found the College 436

III. Royal ucense to found the College .... 439

viii Contents.

CHAP. PAGE

IV. Founder's Charter 440

V. Prior and Convent of St. Swithun to Wykeham . . 444

VI. Thomas Tanner to same 445

VII. Thomas Lavyngton to same 446

VIII. Indenture between Prior and Convent of St. Swithun

AND Wykeham 447

IX. License to acquire possessions of alien priories . 450

X. Charter of Privileges 45a

XI. The Statutes 455

XII. Warden Traffles' Diary 533

XIII. Bishop Cooper's order limiting the number of Founder'^

kin 5a6

XIV. Bishop of Achonry's commission to consecrate the Chapel,

Altars and Graveyard 530

XV. Case of the Sub- Warden and Bursars of Winchester College concerning the allowance made by them

to the Warden pro viciualtbus for the year 17 10 531

Index 539

TABLE OF DATES

13*+.

Birth ofWiUiun of Wykeham.

.367

Orf. ro.

.368-.^

Ja«.3.

Firat alluMon to ' our schoUra.'

'373-

S^.i.

■378.

y««i.

Bull of Urban VI.

i3Ba

May 9

Papa] license to found a College.

.38..

.. 30.

iaSa.

Ort. lo-i

. Purchase of site.

„ 30.

Charter of Foundation.

1386.

Mar. ^.

First stone laid.

138*

Jitu 19.

'393-

Mar. ae.

Opening day.

'395-

Stpt.a8.

Charter of Privileges.

D«.^3

AElars. &c., consecrated.

■39S-6.

Jan.

First allusion to commoners.

■397-

Nov. 36.

M"-

S^l. .1,

Statutes published.

1404.

,. 37.

Death of Wykeham.

'M7-

AKg. 36.

Fromond's chanliy consecrated.

1440-

July 09

First visit of Hen.y VI.

'«3-

Wayneilete removed to Eton.

'470.

Reredos erected.

■47480

Thurbem's chantry and tower built.

'544-

ApriiiS.

Purchase of site of St. Elizabeth's College.

„

July I..

"54a

Altar demolished and rebuiiL

iSS'- ■553

Altar rebuilt.

.js*

Altar demolished.

■573-

Rood loft taken down and pulpit erected.

X

Table of Dates.

1636. . .

.639- - .

1649.

1669. . .

Altar rebuilt.

I666. .

The Plague. Scholars at Crawley.

1683-87. . 1667-93- 1737. .

'School 'built.

• Superannuates' Fund ' established.

1750. . -

me. . .

VUit of George III.

1834. ■ ■

1B39-43.

.857. . .

i860. .

Firat Boarding House.

1861. .

Death of Warden Barter.

1871. April 03

New Governing Bod; of Winchester School

.873. .

HEADMASTERS OF WINCHESTER

COLLEGE

•♦♦■

AD.

John Milton or Melton * 1393

Thomas Romesye 1393

John Pole 1407

Thomas Romesye (again) 1414

Richard D'Arcey 1418

Thomas Alwyn or Wallwyn 1424

William Waynflete' 1429

Thomas Alwyn (again) 1442

William Ive, D.D 1444

John Barnarde 1454

John Grene 1459

Clement Smyth, M.A. ' 1464

Richard Dene, M.A 1466

John Rede, B.D. * 1484

Robert Fescam, M.A 1490

William Horeman, M.A." 1494

William Farlyngton or Darlington, M.A. . . 1502

Edward More, B.D. • 1508

Thomas Erlisman' 151 7

John Twychener, M.A. 1526

Richard Twychener, M.A 1531

' Retired at Michaelmas, 1393.

' Headmaster of Eton, 144a ; Provost, 1443 ; Bishop of Winchester, 1447.

' Headmaster of Eton, 1453.

* Warden of Winchester College, 1501.

' Headmaster of Eton, 1485; Fellow of Eton, 1502.

• Warden of Winchester College, 1526. ' Headmaster of Eton.

neaamasiers oj yy m re, D.D.'

tege

■ 1537

AYLrE, B.A. .

. 1542

LVERED, M.A. .

- 1546

YDE, M.A.' .

. 1552

ER JONSON, M.D.' .

- 1560

ILSON, D.D.' .

. 1571

■YD or Floyd. D.C.L.

. 1580

MAR, D.D.» .

1588

Hevdon, D.D.

1596

Love, D.D. ' .

i6or

HNSON, D.D. .

1613

;tanley, D.D.

1627

■NGEB, D.D. .

1642

iURT, D.D.' .

1654

ESTON, D.C.L.'

1658

Harris, D.D.*

1679

HEYNEY, D.D." .

1700

roN, D.D.

1724

ARTON, D.D."

1766

Stanley Goddard, D.D

u

1793

SON Gabell, D.D. .

1809

lliams, D.CL. '■ .

1823

OBERLV, D.C.L." .

1836

IDDING, D.D."

1866

\ndrewes Fearon, D.D."

1884

[>t Winchester College, 154a ; Bishop of Lincoln, 1554 ;

of Win-

ry of Winchester, 1556 ; retired to Louvain, 155a

. in London, 1571.

of Winchester College, 15B0

Bisii

op of

Wore.

Estcr,

596; of

■5«-

jf Winchester College, 1596.

if Winchester College, 1613.

jf Winchester College, 1658. •

ly of Winchester.

iry of SL Paul's and Winchester.

aiy of St. Paul's and Salisbury.

of New College, 1840,

>t Southwell.

" Bishop of Salisbury. " Honorary Canon of Winchester.

ANNALS OF WINCHESTER COLLEGE.

-M-

I.

The Foundation.

Its origin and objects. — First Schoolmaster. — Bull of Urban VI. — Royal license to found a College. — Charter of Foundation. — Warden Cranlegh. — Bulls of Pope Boniface IX. — ^Western Schism.

Wykeham seems to have begun his great work of providing free education for the sons of people who could not afford to pay for it, as a means of supplying the exhausted ranks of an edu- cated clergy, very soon after he became Bishop of Winchester. For in a commission dated January 3, 1368-9, for facilitating the provision of holy water for the use of poor scholars, quoted by Moberly from Wykeham's Register (III. 16), Wykeham mentions his own scholars (nostri scolares), an expression which cannot possibly refer to the boys of the ancient cathedral school, which, if it still existed, which is doubtful, belonged to the Priory of St. Swithun, and not to the See of Winchester. And in a petition which he addressed to Pope Urban VI for leave to found a college, he seems to have relied on the fact that he had been maintaining a number of poor scholars at his own expense for several years as a reason why his prayer should be granted \ By the autumn of the year 1373, Wyke- ham's own school was so far established as to warrant the en- gaging of a permanent master. Wykeham's choice fell on

^ In the Bull granting leave to found the college, Urban VI says that Wykeham 'ut asserit, scolaribus in gramatica in eadem civitate studentibus piuritms arniis vitae necessaria ministravit.'

a Annals of Winchester College.

Richard Herton, a grammaiicus, or teacher by profession. Herton was engaged for the term of ten years from Michael- mas, 1373, to teach grammar, that is to say, the rudiments of Latin, to any poor boys whom Wykeham had in his school then, or might have in it during the term. Herton was to take none but these. If he fell sick, or went on a pilgrimage to Rome (which he was at liberty to do once during the ten years), he was to provide a substitute. Wykeham on his part agreed to provide at his own expense a competent assistant master. I quote the contract from Wykeham's Register. It is unfortu- nately silent upon two points on which we should like a little information — the extent of the holidays, if any, and Herton's stipend \

We hear no more of Herton, and cannot tell how the school throve under him, or whether it was kept open during the period of Wykeham's political disgrace in 1376-7 *. I imagine

' In Dei nomine amen. Anno ab Incamacione domini secundum cursixm et computacionem Ecclesie Anglicane millesimo trecentesimo septua^esimo tercto, indiccione undecima, mensis Septembris die primi, pontificatOs sanctissimi in Christo patris et domini nostri Gregorii divina providenci& Pape undecimi anno tercio, constitutus personallter coram reverendo patre domino Willelmo Dei Gracia Wynton. Episcopo in aula manerii sui de Merewell Wynton. Dioceseos in mei notarii publici et testium subscriptorum presencisi venerabilis et discretus vir magister Ricardus de Herton gramaticus certam convencionem cum eodem Domino Wynton. Episcopo fecit iniit et firmavit pro hac forma, videlicet, quod idem Ricardus per decem annos incipiendos in festo St. Michaelis proximo futuro instruet et informabit sub hac forma pauperes scolares quos dictus dominus Episcopus suis sumptibus exhibet et exhibebit fideliter et dilig^enter in arte gramaticS, et nullos alios sine licenci& dicti patris ad doctrinam huiusmodi recipiet per tempus predictum : excepit tamen tempus infirmitatis sue et tem- pus quo curiam romanam semel visitabit suis propriis sumptibus, et per idem tempus alium virum sufficientem et ydoneum pro doctrin& dictorum scolarium substituet loco suo. Ad hec convenit cum dicto patre quod idem pater inveniet et exhibebit sibi unum alium virum ydoneum qui eum poterit adjuvare in labore discipline scolarium predictorum. Hec promisit firmiter \ idem magister Ricardus cum omni diligenci& perficere et implere; et super

firmitate illius convencionis tenende et servande idem Magister Ricardus per manum suam dextram in manu dextr& dicti patris expresse posuit et dedit fidem suam ad premissa omnia perficienda in form& supradicti. Acta sunt hec anno indiccione mense die pontiiicatu et loco prenotatis presentibus discretis^w^ magistris Johanne de Bukyngham canonico Ebor. et dominis Joh. de Ca: .« i peden Canonico Ecclesie Suthwellensis Ebor. dioces. et Henrico de Thorp ' Johanne de Keleseye, notariis publicis, testibus ad premissa rogatis speciality et vocatis. Reg. III. a 98. * Probably not, for we know from the chronicles that his school at Oxfor.

\

The Foundation. 3

that Wykeham's application to the Pope was made as soon as he was restored to favour at Court The Bull granting it bore date June i, 1378. It reached Wykeham when he was intent on his design for New College, and was put aside until the first stone was laid there \ He then • placed the Bull in the hands of Roger de le Chambre, a confidential body-servant*, with in- structions to deliver it forthwith to the Bishop of Rochester, Thomas de Brinton, who was named the Pope's delegate for the special purpose of granting the license. Away went Roger de le Chambre from Southwark, where Wykeham was at the time, along the road traversed by the Canterbury pilgrims, and crossing the Straits, found the Bishop at Guisnes, and obtained the license on May 9, 1380 *.

The next step was to obtain the concession from Richard II. Having, we may be sure, obtained a promise of this, Wykeham saw no great occasion to move further in the matter, until he had secured the site on which he meant to build. The royal license to found the college bears date October 6, 1382. It empowers Wykeham to acquire the site and build a hall or college to the honour and glory of God and Our Lady; to settle in it a warden and seventy scholars, who should study grammar within its walls ; to grant them a charter ; to vest the site in them and their successors ; and endow them with the rectory of Downton in Wiltshire, the Statute of Mortmain notwithstand- ing'. Within a fortnight after the date of this license, Wyke-" ham completed the purchase of the site, and published the Charter of Foundation, dated October 20, 1382*, In an eloquent preamble Wykeham affirms his belief in the import- ance of free education in Latin to the sons of poor people ; a knowledge of Latin being (he says) the janua et origo omnium iiberalium arttum^ which many poor students have failed to reach solely from lack of means. He then founds the College, nomi- nating Thomas de Cranle' first warden, admitting seventy

was closed during that period, and the scholars sent home. Introd. Chron, Aftgi. App. B, p. Hi, quoted by Moberly, p. 137.

* March 5, 1379-80. ' May 6, 1380. ' Appendix I.

* Appendix II. * Appendix III. • Appendix IV.

' Or Cranlegh, a Fellow of New College. He resigned in 1389, and John Westcote succeeded him. Cranlegh became Warden of New College in 1397, and Archbishop of Dublin in the following year. Henry IV made him Chan- cellor, and Henry V made him Chief Justice of Ireland. Returning home in

B 2

It'h

4 Annals of IVinchester College.

scholars \ and incorporating the warden and them by the name of 'Seinte Marie College of Wynchestre'/ with a common seal, to live together in collegiate fashion (coUegialiter), obeying the statutes and holding the site in frankalmoign • of Wykeham and his successors in the See of Winchester.

This completed the work of foundation. With the object of strengthening the position of the College and benefiting its members, Wykeham obtained twelve Bulls from Boniface IX, who succeeded Urban VI in 1389: —

I. A Bull enabling the Warden to hold a benefice with cure of souls in addition to the Wardenship. Urban VI had granted the same privilege to the Warden of New College.

II. A Bull enabling the Warden and scholars to let their lands on lease.

III. A Bull granting the right of free sepulture within the College. Boniface IX had granted the same right to New College.

IV. A Bull enabling the Warden to exchange one benefice for another.

V. A Bull allowing the Warden and scholars to have masses performed cum notd et altd vocey and the sacraments administered within the precincts of the College.

VI. A Bull declaring that all oblations, legacies, &c., given to the Warden and scholars do and shall tie jure belong to them and not to the diocesan.

ill-health, he died at Faringdon in 1417, and was buried in New College Chapel.

^ Whose names, he says, are recorded in the archives of the College, ^vhere alas, they are not now to be found. The existing register commences "with the names of the seventy scholars whom Wykeham admitted on the morning of the opening day in 1393.

* ' The warden and scholars-clerks of St. Mary College of Winchester near Winchester' is the present corporate name, the words 'near Winchester' being added to distinguish Winchester College from the other St. Mary College of Winchester in Oxford, which is more commonly called New College now^ just as Winchester College was called down to the middle of the last century. The real corporate name was of importance ; for an error in it might lead to serious consequences. In i lUiz. a lease by Eton College was held to be void by all the judges for no other reason than that a puritanical generation had purposely omitted the words ' beatae Mariae ' from the corporate name of the college. See Eaton College Case, Dyer, Rep. 150 a.

' Or free alms, the tenure by which the Church holds most of its lands.

The Foundation. 5

VII. A Bull enabling the Warden and scholars to retain all oblations and burial fees made and received within the precincts of the College.

VIII. A Bull empowering the Warden and scholars to have a belfry and bells.

IX. A Bull declaring that the chapel and graveyard of the College may be purified or ' reconciled ' from any manner of canonical defilement by any clerk in holy orders without the intervention of the diocesan, provided that the holy water has been blessed by him or some other bishop.

X. A Bull granting one hundred dajrs relaxation of penances and an indulgence and remission of forty years to all who should visit the chapel or lend helping hands (manus ad fabricam et eius consecracionem porrexerint adjutrices) to the completion and maintenance of the fabric,

XI. A Bull permitting the Warden and members of the foundation to receive holy orders at the hands of any bishop.

XII. A Bull granting to the College in view of its object, the advancement of learning and religion, all manors, advowsons, lands and tenements in England belonging to the monasteries of Tiron and Mont St. Katherine near Rouen, the whole ex- ceeding the yearly value of three hundred marks (£200 per annum), with a proviso that compensation should be given if and whenever the monasteries should return to their alle- giance.

The great Western schism was raging at the time. There was a pope (Boniface IX) at Rome, and another (Clement VII) at Avignon. Richard II sided with him of Rome^ The French religious houses, as a rule, sided with him of Avignon, It was to punish these Frenchmen for siding with one whom Boniface IX unamiably calls in this Bull ' Robertus Basilice XII apostolorum presbyter cardinalis, iniquitatis alumpnus,* as well as to confer a benefit on Wykeham's foundation, that Boniface IX issued this Bull. Wykeham accepted it ; but paid the price asked for the estates of the monasteries notwithstand- ing*. In grateful remembrance, no doubt, of the fact that they

^ Cf. Stat a Ric. 11, i, 7, declaring that Urban VI was duly chosen Pope and ought to be accepted and obeyed as such. ' See Chapter III.

6 Annals of Winchester College.

owed the acquisition of the property of these monasteries to the Western schism, the Society made a subscription in the year 1478 to a fund which was being then raised with the object of promoting the union of the churches of England and France :— * In allocat. bursariis de debito Joh. Okeborne xx^ solut per eosdem ad subsidium cleri existentis ultra mare pro unione ec- clesie facienda,' is the entry in the computus of that year.

These Bulls are no longer to be found in the muniment room, where they seem to have been at the time when Charles Black- stone compiled his MS. Book of Benefactions rather more than a century ago. Copies of the first and third Bull, and of nine others granted to New College by Urban VI and Boniface IX, are still preserved there.

CHAPTER II.

The Site.

Why chosen. — Its extent. — Boundaries. — The Prior's Garret. — The Sastern Spital. — ^The Lockburn. — Former owners of the site. — The litigious tailor. — Provision against incumbrances. — Contract with the monks of St. Swithun.

The site was wisely chosen in the Soke or suburb of Win- chester, without the jurisdiction of the Mayor and Corporation \ within the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Winchester, as lord of the Soke Liberty, and not more than a bowshot from Wolvesey Castle, one of Wykeham*s numerous residences. The original site contains nearly five acres. The site of New College, within the ancient walls of Oxford which bound its north and east sides, contains upwards of six acres. The greater part of the site of Winchester College was bought of the monks of St. Swithun, the great Benedictine Priory environing the Cathedral Church of Winchester. From the monks of this convent Wykeham acquired a messuage, an acre and a half of garden ground (terrae), and a meadow of three acres, which was divided at the time by a fence running east and west into two paddocks or closes, known as Dumeres mede and Oter- bomes mede, after Dummer and Otterborne, their occupiers at some former period. The purchase deed or feoffment ', which is dated October lo, 1382, describes this portion of the site as bounded by the precinct of the Sustrene Spitele or Sustern Spital on the west, the garden and closes of the Carmelite Friars inhabiting King's Gate Street on the south, and the 'Priores garet' and monks' private way to Priors Barton on the east. The highway from the King's Gate to Wolvesey bounded it on the north, but the fact is not stated in the feoif-

^ Thus escaping the octroi levied on goods entering the city gates. • Appendix V.

8 Annals of Winchester College.

ment, probably because it was a matter of notoriety. The Sustern Spital, or Sisters' Hospital, an ancient foundation of Sisters of Mercy dependent on the Priory of St. Swithun, stood where Commoners now stands. The division between it and the western boundary of the land which Wykeham acquired from the monks was (and still is) marked by a drain or sewer, then open, now covered, called the Lockburn \ This historic stream issues from the close under the house occupied by the subwarden, Mr. Gilbert Heathcote, crosses College Street, runs under the old slaughter-house at the western end of the brew- house, and so southwards past the principal buildings of Chamber Court, ultimately joining the river which it left some way above the city*.

The convent of Carmelite Friars stood on the site of Sick- house. Its garden and closes form Sickhouse mead and the southern portion of Meads ; and its graveyard lay where the racquet court and g3annasium stand now. The Prior's Garret — le Garite it is sometimes called — ^was at the north-eastern comer of the site, at the foot of the bridge in College Street. It seems to have been a loft' over a doorway in a structure of some kind

* Vulgarly * Logpond.' The word occurs in the Bursars' books, e. g. ' pro purgando ly lokborne iii*" ' as early as the year 1584. * Le Logbome * occurs in the accounts of 1649. ' Lock ' is ' lake/ a running stream. Locally, * Lady Lake* is the name of a stream in the confines of Wolvesey. The little streams which remain at low tide in Portsmouth harbour are called ' lakes.' Lacus is the word used in the computus rolls. The * lacus exterior/ the open ditch along the north side of College Street, was dug in 1495 for the purpose of flushing the Lockburn. * Sol. H. Zilforde et Robto. Awdley laborant in rammyng in le flodegate in lacu exteriori per ij dies, xij* ' is an entry in that yearns computus, referring to the hatch nearly opposite Commoner Gate. ' Lurteborne,' the name for the Lockburn in the agreement quoted in the next note is meaningless, and must surely be an error of the scribe.

' An indenture made December 3, 1398, between Wykeham and the Prior (Thomas Nevyle) of St. Swithun, in the presence of Roger, Archbishop of Canterbury and Legate of the Holy See, for the purpose of adjusting divers matters in dispute, contains the following clause : — * Whereas a watercourse called Lurteborne running from the city of Winchester under the dormitory, cloisters, cellar, brewhouse, kitchen, and court of the Priory, is often made the receptacle of dung, carcases, and putrid entrails which are thrown into it in the city and offices of the Priory to the great nuisance and danger of the bishop as well as of inhabitants and wayfarers, and contrary to the laMrs of the realm— It is agreed that the Prior and Convent shall place an iron grating at the point where the stream issues from the close sufficient to prevent any of the aforesaid nuisances from passing out of the dose.'

' Resembling, possibly, the loft over the outer or entrance gateway of St Cross

The Site. 9

or other, probably a dead wall, as it is nowhere particularly described. In the time of Edward I, the house of Peter the Cobbler stood there ; but in Wykeham's time it was much as I have described it. Facing this doorway was another in the wall of the Close. These doorways opened on a path which ran along the western side of the ' riparia ' or mill-stream to the menks' grange at Prior's Barton. It was their private way to their home farm, by means of which they avoided passing under the King's Gate with its unpleasant associations \

Next College Street, between it and the ground acquired from the monks of St. Swithun, stood in 1382 a row of houses extending from the precincts of the Sustem Spital to the Prior's Garret. The first of these houses, counting from the Prior's Garret (which apparently remained the property of the monks), Wykeham bought of a man named Thomas Lucas, alias Tanner'. It belonged temp. Edward I to Drogo (Drew) the Cellarer, who had it by descent or purchase from Isabel Garlek. From Drew the Cellarer it went to his son William, who was hostiarius ceBariiei refectorii to the convent of St. Swithun. In 15 Edward III, it belonged to John de Meones, a carpenter by trade ; whose will devising it to his widow is dated April 14, 1341. His widow sold it to Roger le Archer, of Sparkford '. Roger le Archer's devisees sold it to William atte Hole, who parted with it to Lucas in 49 Edward III. Wykeham acquired this house, and the one next to it*, on October 13, 1382. A man named Lavyngton was the vendor of the last-mentioned house. It belonged to Ralph de Antioch — one who had a crusader in his

Hospital. I see no reason to suppose that it was a watch tower, as has been suggested.

^ A year or so before the battle of Evesham, the monks of St. Swithun treacherously let the forces of young Simon de Montfort into the Close through a window in the wall, and they sacked the city. After the battle of Evesham (August 4, 1365), the citizens' turn came, and they forced the monks to enter into a solemn covenant admitting 'the treason they had been guilty of, and binding themselves and their successors in memory of it to keep in repair for ever afterwards the South and King's gates of the city, together with the drawbridge (pons versatilis) at the former gate. The indenture of covenant, dated on St. Edmund's Day (November ao), ia66, and sealed by the monks of St Swithun, exists in the archives of the city of Winchester.

' Appendix VI.

* The real name of the village a mile south of Winchester conunonly called St Cross, after the famous hospital there founded by Henry de Blois.

* Appendix VII.

\ I

10 Annals of Winchester College,

family perhaps — temp. Edward I, and afterwards to Antony de Saulton, of whom Lavyngton bought it. Next to this house stood a block of three houses ^ belonging to the See of Win- chester, which Wykeham was empowered by the charter to annex to the College. These houses were held of the bishop by Roger Halybome and Maud, his wife, for their respective lives at that time. The first of them seems to have been in the occupation of Antony de Saulton, the others were void, the tenants having doubtless had notice to quit. Last of the row, separated from the precinct of the Sustern Spital by the Lock- burn, stood the house which Wykeham acquired from the monks of St. Swithun. I pause here to tell the true story of the litigious tailor, which Moberly criticizes with justice. It originated in a misapprehension on the part of Mr. Charles Blackstone, who was a painstaking antiquarian, but no lawyer, and Cockerell gave it currency. The facts are these. The meadows which Wykeham acquired from the monks had been granted by them at some former time, most likely for lives, to Amice, the wife of Drew the Cellarer. Her interest, whatever its nature may have been, descended through her daughter, Pamel (Petronilla) Pershore, to her granddaughter Agnes Deverose, the wife of the tailor. She wa$ in possession, and consequently had to be bought out before Wykeham could build. The price paid for her interest — £20 — ^was high; it generally is under similar circumstances. The so-called liti- gation was merely the levying of the necessary fine — a fictitious action commenced and then compromised by leave of the court — which was in use until the fourth year of the reign of William IV for the purpose of enabling a married woman to alienate her interest in real estate ^ The proceedings

* They are described in the title-deeds as * near the flodestok.' This flood- stock was a hatch in the river hard by the present bridge in College Street, by means of which Dummers Mede and Otterbome's Mede were irrigated at the time when Wykeham bought them.

^ I cannot resist quoting the statute 18 Ed. I, c. 4, fttodus levandi fines : — * When the writ original is delivered in presence of the parties before the jus- tices, a pleader shall say this, ' Sir Justice leave to agree,' and the Justice shall say to him What saith Sir R. t and shall name one of the parties. And when they be agreed of the sum of money that must be given to the King, then the Justice shall say ** Cry the Peace.'' And after the Pleader shall say, " The Peace licensed unto you is such that William and Alice his wife (the vendors) that here be do acknowledge the manor of B. with the appurtenances contained

The Site.

II

were friendly throughout, and the fact of Deverose's name occurring in the rolls for many years afterwards as the recipient of small sums of money out of charity seems to show that this windfall did him no good, and that the Society bore no malice against him *. He was occasionally a guest in Hall before he became an object of charity, but always at the servants* table.

Wykeham at one time owned the rest of the south side of College Street, but it was not wanted for the purposes of the foundation, and passed into other hands at his death *.

The site thus acquired was incumbered to a degree which seems hardly credible. Dumeres mede rendered a quit rent of one mark (138. 4rf.) yearly to the See of Winchester ; Oter* borne mede paid a modus in lieu of tithe to the College of St. Elizabeth, on the other side of the mill-stream ; and the Bishop's three houses paid a chief rent of 135. id. yearly to the Convent, which sum, however, was a perquisite by custom of the almoner^ infirmarer, and head cook of the Priory •. Wyke-

in the writ to be the right of R. as that which he hath of their gift, to have and to hold to him and his heirs of the said William and Alice, and the heirs of Alice, as in demesne, with the rents, seigniories, courts, pleas, purchases, wards, marriages, reliefs, escheats, mills, advowsons of churches, and all other fran- chises and free customs to the said manor belonging, paying yearly to N. and his heirs, chief Lords of the fee, the services due and accustomed for all services. And if a woman covert be one of the parties, then she must first be examined by the said four justices ; and if she does not assent to the fine, it shaU not be levied. And the cause wherefore such solemnity ought to be done in a fine is, because a fine is so high a bar, of so great force and of so strong nature, that it condudeth not only such as be parties and privies to the fine, and their heirs, but all other people in the world, being in full age, out of prison, of whole memory, and within the four seas the day of the fine levied ; if they make not the claim of their action within a year and a day.'

' ' In dato Thome Deverose scissori Wynton. nomine collegii intuitu charita- tis hoc anno viij^^ ... in dato Thome Deverose pauperi ex clemenci& per vices hoc anno viij',' are entries In the accounts for 1414 and 1415 respectively.

' He had bought the comer house, now Mrs. Cotterell*s, of William Asshe- welle and Alice his wife. Three messuages and a garden between that house and the garden of the Sustem Spital were bought by his agents, Nicholas Wykeham, Thomas Cranlegh, and William Ryngebome, and transferred to Wykeham in 1393. These three messuages, and this garden may be identified with Nos. 8 to 15 College Street

' It appears by the Chamberlain's Rolls in the cathedral archives that the exact sum was 135. oji^, payable

5.

To the almoner 9

To the infirmarer 3

To the cook o

4 6

13 o|

I a Annals of Winchester College.

ham was determined that the site of his future college should be free from incumbrances, and that no act of his should impair the revenues of the see. Accordingly by an indenture dated June 15, 1383,' after a preamble expressing that determination, Wykeham made over to the Convent some property in the parish of West Meon,' as a consideration for the site being for ever discharged from and indemnified against incumbrances. Two years later the monks of St. Swithun carried out their part of the agreement by granting to the Provost and Chap- lains of St, Elizabeth's College a rent service of 2s. yearly in lieu of the tithe on Oterbornes mede '. Wykeham indemnified the see against the loss. of the chief rent on Duraeres mede by annexing to it lands of equal annual value. Thus was the site made free from incumbrances, as Wykeham intended. I am sorry to have to record that in the year 1622 the Dean and Chapter of Winchester claimed a quit rent of los. on the site, on the authority of an entry in their register (iVi libra domua suae), and the college authorities were simple enough to pay it. This chief rent is now collected by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.

Another indenture, dated November 10, 1393, between Wykeham and the warden and scholars of the one part, and the prior and convent of the other, contains —

(r) A release by the latter body of all claims on the site.

(2) A grant to the warden and scholars of leave to make and use gutters, gullies, and spouts (gutteras, voragines, et stillici- dia) in, under, and across the path leading from le Garit^ to Prior's Barton, for the purpose of carrying away the rain water from the new buildings.

(3) An undertaking on the part of the prior and convent not to do or sanction any damage to the fabric and appurtenances

■ Appendix VIII.

' Two messuages, Ibree tofls, two carucates of arable land, five acres of meadow, two acres of pasture, twenly-eight acres of wood, a rent of lis. yearly, another rent of a rose, and one man's service in autumn, with the reversion ex- pectant on the death of Elizabeth Langrysh. William atte Halle's widow, to two Other messuages, two tofts, sixty acres of arable land, twelve acres of pasture, ■ an acre of meadow, an acre of wood, and a yearly rent of 3s. 4<f.

• The deed by the provost and chaplains accepting this rent service in sub- stitution for the tithe on Dumeres mede is in the possession of Winchester Col- lege. It is dated August a, 7 Ric. II, and has a splendid example of the I common seal of St. Eliiatwtb's College atbched to it

The Site.

^3

of the College on that, the east, side of it, and particularly not to do any injury to the foundations by dig^ng too near them.

(4) A grant of leave to make use of this path for the purpose of drawing water, and carting timber, stone, mortar, and other materials ; also to erect scaffolding there when required. And a grant of permission to enter and be on this path, and (except after dark) in the precincts of the Sustem Spital, for the pur- pose of recovering any tools or other things which might fall or be thrown there; with a stipulation that the warden should have a key of the postern under le Garit^, and not be account- able during the progress of building operations for any damage other than wilful to the trees growing along the path \

(5) An undertaking by the prior and convent not to plant any trees along the path which might damage the foundations of the building, and not to allow any trees growing there to obstruct the access of light to the windows or injure the glass.

(6) An undertaking by the warden and scholars to allow the servants and workmen of the convent free ingress by the said path* for the purpose of doing necessary repairs to the Sustern Spital.

^ This is the last aUusion to the path to Prior's Barton. It must have been stopped up soon after the building was finished, as it is treated as no longer existing in an acquittance by Prior Thomas Nevyle dated in the year 1398.

' This would enable them to get round the College buildings to the rear of the Sustem Spital.

CHAPTER III. The Endowment.

Downton. — Eling. — CoombeBisset — Durrington. — Fernhamsdean. — Ropley.— Meonstoke. — Alien Priories. — Felons' goods, deodands, &c. — ^Adequacy of the provision. — No surplus contemplated.

The first step in the direction of a permanent provision for the maintenance of Wykeham's poor scholars was taken more than a year before the College was founded. By a charter dated May 4, 1380, Wykeham appropriated the Church of Downton near Salisbury to his own table (mensae episcopali). A separate account was to be kept of the income, so that it might be applied in boarding the boys whom Wykeham educated. The Church of Downton, i.e. the advowson, glebe, and tithe, belonged to the See of Winchester. Kenwald, King of the West Saxons, gave it to that see, and to that see it continued to belong after the creation of the See of Sarum, rendering however a ' pension ' or yearly pa3rment of 3s. 4^. to the bishop of the latter diocese in recognition of his spiritual supremacy*. The Bishop of Winchester presented the in- cumbents, and made them Rectors of Downton by allowing them to receive the tithe for their own use. The last rector having died or resigned in the year 1380, Wykeham appropriated the benefice with the sanction of the Crown and the Pope, in the way already stated. This appropriation of the profits of the benefice to secular purposes rendered it necessary that a vicar- age or ' congrua porcio ' should be secured to the next incumbent

^ This pension continues to be paid unto this day, the Ecclesiastical Com- missioners being the recipients.

\

The Endowment 15

and his successors. The law of the land did not render this necessary, inasmuch as the Statutes of Vicarages (15 Ric. II, c. 6, and 4 Hen. IV, c. 12) had not yet been enacted, but the law of the Church required it. Accordingly we find Wykeham appointing a prelate whom we have heard of already, the Bishop of Rochester, to determine what the provision should be. His award (ordinatio) bears date May 18, 1383. Under it the in- cumbent got his 'congrua porcio ' in the shape of his house, and the small tithe of the parish, and the right to all oblations at the altar of the parish church, and was to bear all burdens except the repairs of the chancel, and the pension of 3s. ^d. to the Bishop of Salisbury. Having seen the spiritual necessities of the parish adequately provided for in this manner, the Bishop of Salisbury (Ralph Ergham, 1375-88) and the respective Chapters of Salisbury and Winchester gave their formal consent to the appropriation, and Wykeham's object was attained ^ Nicholas de Alresford, the first vicar, was instituted forthwith, and a 'farmer' or resident agent was appointed to receive the great tithe and manage the demesne on behalf of Wykeham. This is how Downton became a vicarage '.

After the above arrangement with regard to the rents and profits of the appropriation had lasted more than six years,

* The consent of the Chapter of Winchester was necessary, because in law the temporalities of the See of Winchester were regarded as held of them, and could not be alienated without their consent

' The same thing occurred at Sydling in Dorsetshire. King Athelstan gave the church there to Milton Abbey, which he founded in the year 933, as a pro- vision for the table of the monks. The monks presented a minister, who received the tithe as rector and paid a pension of 305. yearly to the abbey. This went on till the year 1313* when the monks sought permission to appro- priate the tithe on a plea of poverty, caused, as they alleged, by losses incxured through the tower of their church being struck by lightning and their church burnt, circa 1313. The Bishop of Salisbury (Simon of Ghent, 1999-13x5) assented, on condition that a vicarage should be established. This could not be done until 1333, when Richard le English, the last rector, died. The appro- priation then took place, the vicarage being endowed with the parsonage bouse, the right to feed so many cows, sheep, and pigs on the commons of the manor, and a pension of ^la a year charged on the tithe, subject to the obliga* tion of keeping in repair the chancel (an unusual stipulation) and the ornaments of the church. If, however, the chancel needed to be re-built through any casualty or natural decay, the monks were to bear two-thirds of the cost of re- building it, and if the vicar failed to bear the remaining one-third, they might stop it out of the pension.

1 6 Annals of Winchester College.

Wykeham put an end to it, and annexed the church and advow- son to the College, which was incorporated by this time, to hold of him and his successors in pure and perpetual alms. The deed of grant bears date September i, 1385, and I need scarcely add that the sanction of the Crown and the Pope had been regularly obtained. It was confirmed by the prior and con- vent of St. Swithun in the chapter house assembled on the fourth of the following month. A few years afterwards Wykeham completed the transaction by annexing to his see certain lands in the vill of Farnham, which he had caused to be thrown into the park of his castle there, as compensation for the loss of the income from the church of Downton, and from the churches of Adderbury and Steeple Morden which he had annexed to New College. The deed of grant bears date June 8, 1392.

Wykeham's next dotation was the manor of Eling near Southampton. The tenure is copyhold of inheritance, with this peculiarity, that lands on the north of the little stream called Hartley Water, which intersects the manor and runs into Southampton Water at Eling Mill, descend in cases of in- testacy to the eldest son, whereas lands on the south side of the stream descend in like cases (with certain exceptions) to the youngest son. This peculiarity most likely arises from the fact of the manor being a consolidation of two manors, Eling and Winsor (W3mdesore), with customs differing in this respect. This manor is held of the Crown in capite. Wykeham acquired it in 46 Edward III without obtaining letters patent authorizing the alienation, and had to sue out a pardon under the Great Seal for the omission \

There is a tradition that Wykeham acquired this manor as a portion for his niece Alice, who became the wife of William

^ Where land was held immediately of the Crown, an intending purchaser had to sue out a writ ad quod damnum, as it was called ; and unless the sheriff made return that the alienation would be no loss to the Crown, a license to alienate would not be granted. All this took time, and cost money; and a purchaser in Wykeham's high position may very likely have elected to take the property without waiting for the sheriffs return to the writ, in confidence that he would have no difficulty in obtaining a pardon at his leisure. It came to the same thing in the long run. The fines on these licenses to alienate, and on pardons for the omission to obtain them, formed no inconsiderable portion of Uic revenues of the Crown down to the Restoration.

The Endowment 17

Perot. The Perots must at some time or other have had an interest in the manor, for they were ' vouched to warranty ' of the title in 1407 when Sir Hugh Camoys laid claim to it. Possibly Wykeham gave the manor to the Perots, and took it away in order to give it to the College. If so, the settlement which he made on their eldest son William Wykeham and Alice Uvedale his wife ' may have been intended as compensation. The title-deeds of the manor date back to King John's reign. That prince granted the manor to Emma de Staunton, widow, remainder to her daughter Cecily and her issue. Through Matthew Husee (Hussey), Cecily's eldest son and heir, it descended on his great-grandson, Henry Husee, from whom Wykeham purchased it. So far the title seems clear. But possession had not gone along with the title ; for Sir Ralph Camoys, Knt, was de facto lord of the manor in the earlier part of the fourteenth century ; and when Henry Husee sought to recover possession in 1344 he sued out a writ of besaiel, in- dicating that his family had been disseised upwards of two gener- ations before. However, time was no bar in those days, and Husee recovered judgment on terms of allowing Sir Hugh Camoys, his opponent, to remain in possession for the rest of his life, Wykeham of course knew all this; and when he completed the purchase, Sir Hugh Camoys attorned tenant to him, thereby admitting the validity of his title to the reversion. Yet in 1406, after Wykeham's death, a Sir Thomas Camoys revived the litigation, relying on a deed bearing date in 44 Henry HI (1250) by which a knight named Sir John de Gatesdene purported to grant the manor to his daughter Margaret in frank marriage with the son of a former Sir Hugh Camoys. The trial took place at the Winchester Assizes in 1406.

It had a dramatic termination. Sir John de Gatesdene's deed was pronounced to be a forgery, and judgment was entered for the College. The forged deed is preserved in the muniment room with a number of documents which accompanied counsel's brief at the trial. On the back of one of these documents is a pedigree of the Perots, which differs from the received one in making Frye, not

* Post, Chapter vi. C

i8 Annals of Winchester College,

Champneys, the surname of the husband of Agnes, the sister of the founder \

The Perots came from Ash (qy. in Hampshire or Surrey?) and gave evidence at the trial. That they were obliged to war- rant the title is evidence that the manor had once on a time belonged to them. Alice had a present of a sapphire ring for her coming : ' Dat. pro uno annulo aureo cum quodam zaphyro empt. et dat. Alicie Perot consanguinee Dm Fundatoris, que vocata es ad warantizandum contra Thomam Camoys, militem, manerium de Elynge, preter unam bursam de panno aureo de dono Dm custodis, xs.' is an entry in the computus of the year.

The Perots also had a barrel of white herrings and a 'frayle' of figs costing 135. 6rf., besides fresh fish and wine, value 23^, which were sent to their home at Ash. The trial therefore took place at the Lent assizes. Gratuities to their servants came to 25. 4^., and provender for their horses on the journey to 4s. The computus roll of the year contains the following references to the forged deed : — ' Sol. pro intrusione falsi brevis Thome Camoys, xijrf. . . . Dat. Willo Wakfeld' pro judicio intrando et copiA eiusdem habendS de dicto brevi falsato, xxrf.'

In the same year {1386), Wykeham gave a moiety of the manor of Coombe Bisset, near Salisbury, to the College. He had bought it five years before of a burgess of Salisbury, named James de Beel de Lake, on whose wife Amice it had descended from her uncle, Hugh de Plessy, in whose family it had been since the reign of Henry IL The price was 275 marks. And

^ SiBILLA

que fuit desponsata Joh. Longe, ex qua procreavit

!

I I

Will™"™ de Wykeham, Agneteni) que fuit desponsata

postea Epum Wintoniensem Rob^ Frye, ex qua procreavit

Aliciam , que jam est despon- sata Will»® Perot, ex qua procreavit

I i i

Will*"™ qui obiit Johannem Thomam

anno R. Regis Ric. qui obiit sine prole superstitem

(a blank in original)

* Father of Wakfeld the Commoner ; see Chapter vii. He was clerk to thk Court of Common Pleas, and helped the society with loans of money morfj than once.

The Endowment, 19

in 1399 he added the manor of Durrington, near Amesbury, and a moiety of the manor of Femhamsdean (Vernham), midway between Andover and Hungerford, which he had bought of the devisees of Lord De la Warr for the sum of 1600 marks — an almost incredible price, only to be explained by the prosperity of the wool trade of the district at that period *. The annual value of this estate at the date of the purchase was only £26 135. ^. beyond reprisals, not three per cent, on the purchase money.

Durrington is prettily situated upon the Avon, between Pewsey and Amesbury, and the fishery for trout and eels, especially the latter, was well worth preserving. The society paid 25. 8</. in 1435 ^^ ^^^^ Gyles, an attorney at Salisbury, as a fee for issuing four writs of trespass against poachers in the College waters there.

The other moiety of the manor of Femhamsdean, known as Botts', after Sir Henry de Botes, who held it temp. Hen. IV, was bought as an investment of benefaction money in Queen Elizabeth's time.

In 1392 Wykeham made over to the College three messuages, one toft, three carucates of arable land, ten acres of meadow, thirty-two acres of pasture, and three acres of wood, situate in the parishes of Ropley, Bishop's Sutton, Byketon (Bighton), and Drayton, together with the yearly rents of £10 sterling and one pound of cummin. He had acquired this property from Roger Gerveys* and Thomas de Wandelesworth in 49 Ed. Ill, (^376). And in 1399 he demised to the Warden and scholars six tofts, three yard lands, eight acres of wood, three half-yard lands, fifty-eight acres of arable land and wood, and four pieces of waste, situate in the parishes of Ropley and Bishop's Sutton, being parcel of the ancient possessions of the See of Winchester, for the term of one hundred years, reserving to himself and his successors the ancient yearly rents of assize, which amounted to 38s. 7|rf., and a yearly rent of 40s. 7^^., which was then paid vci lieu of ' churcheatts ' ', and all other services and payments,

' Cobbett, in his Rural RideSf comments on the number and size of the churches and manor-houses in the valley of the Avon between Pewsey and Salisbury, as evidence of the former populousness of the district.

' One of Wykeham's benefactors, for whom the Statutes direct that masses shall be said in the College Chapel, was named Andrew Gerveys. Sec Appendix XI.

' Churchscot, a species of first-fruits.

C 2

20 Annals of Winchester College.

including one of i8rf. for ' tithing pence ' at the half-yearly court of the manor of Bishop's Sutton. Bishop Fox renewed this lease in 1505. His lease has attached to it an interesting ex- ample of that prelate's episcopal seal. A sum of 305. lorf. was paid to the Bishop 'pro le knowledge money/ i.e. for the fine or acknowledgment on the occasion of the renewal. Bishop Cooper renewed it again in 1592. The renewal was taken in the name of Queen Elizabeth, in consequenee of the opinion of lawyers that Stats. 13 Eliz. c. 10 and 14 Eliz. c. 11, rendering such long leases of episcopal estates void, did not extend to the Crown '. Consequently the Queen took the lease in her own name, and assigned it to the College. It may be gathered from Warden Bilson's 'Certain Remembrances to induce her Matie to assign her share of such lands as the late Bishop demised unto her Matie, with hope it may please her Highness to assign ye same unto ye CoUedg of Winchester,' that there was some danger at the time when he wrote of her Majesty's kind inten- tions being frustrated by some needy courtier.

This lease ceased to be renewed, and the lands comprised in it passed away from the College thirty years ago. It is remark- able that as long as the lease lasted the Warden and Fellows treattd these lands as parcel of their manor of Ropley — the freehold lands already mentioned and other freehold lands which they purchased — ^and granted all alike by copy of court roll for three lives, according, as the court rolls have it, to the custom of the manor, with a heriot payable on alienation as well as on death. This inclusion of leaseholds with freeholds in a manor under the same customs is remarkable, and more remarkable still is the de facto creation of a manor at a date long subsequent to the statute Quia Emptores (18 Ed. I. c. i).

The manor of Meonstoke is a consolidation since Wyke- ham's time of the manors of Meonstoke Ferrand and Meon- stoke Ferrers. The tenure is copyhold of inheritance, and the lands descend to the youngest son in cases of intestacy. There never was, as far as we can tell, any demesne. Wykeham purchased Meonstoke Ferrand of his predecessor Bishop Edyngdon's executors in 1391. Edyngdon bought it of Henry Husee in 1353, and it is an interesting circumstance that Wyke-

' However, by Stat, i Jac. I. c. 3 no archbishop or bishop shall alienate his^ lands to the king.

The Endowment ai

ham, then only in his first tonsure, acted as proxy for the bishop to receive seisin of his purchase. Edyngdon's letter of attorney to Wykeham to receive seisin on his behalf is among the title- deeds of the manor in the muniment room. Meonstoke Fer- rand had belonged to Sir John de Drokenesford (Droxford), who bought it of Sir Peter Ferrandi, a Gascon knight, in 1305.

Wykeham bought Meonstoke Ferrers in 1381 for £200 of Sir William de Wyndesore. He had been Lieutenant of Ireland in the latter part of the reign of Edward III, and on one occa- sion offered to defray the entire charge of that kingdom for the yearly sum of £11,273 ^« ^* 9 ^^^ he is better known to fame as the husband of Alice Ferrers. Other lands in the parish of Meonstoke, known as Costard's and Weston's \ were bought by Wykeham's agents in 1388 and thrown into the manor. A pardon under the great seal to his agents for acquiring these lands without a license (they being held of the Crown in capite\ and a license in mortmain enabling Wykeham to annex these lands and others in the parishes of Ropley, Bishop's Sutton, Bighton, Drayton, Winnall, and Medstead to the College at Winchester in^ pure and perpetual alms, the statute of mort- main notwithstanding, bears date May 24, 14 Ric. II.

At the time when Wykeham was endowing the College at Winchester most, in fact nearly all, of the land around that city was already in mortmain, and he had to seek investments where the grasp of the ' dead hand ' had not closed, or was re- laxing. The latter was happening just at that time in the case of the alien priories. These were cells to monasteries on the Continent, chiefly of the Benedictine order, which Rome had been founding in England ever since the time of Edward the Confessor. Rome is pursuing the same course now, and many bit estates and historic sites are passing into her grasp, the law of mortmain being evaded by a system of secret trusts. Dug- dale enumerates in the Monasticon more than one hundred and twenty of these cells, each of which held as much land as it had been able to acquire. Their estates, as a general rule, appear to have been vested, legally speaking, in the parent monasteries abroad. This circumstance led to their downfall ; for on the breaking out of the war with France in the year 1346 Edward

' The name of Weston did not cease among the tenants of the manor until the year 1887.

22 Annals of Winchester College,

III took the constitutional step* of sequestrating the posses- sions of the alien priories, under a promise, it is said, that they should be restored if and whenever peace should be made. In taking this step Edward doubtless had public opinion, so far as there was such a thing, on his side, for those alien priories had rendered themselves odious through exporting specie,* in which they could not help themselves, the parent monasteries being entitled to any surplus income, and employing agents-general to look after them in this respect. What happened was almost exactly what happens when a living is sequestrated for the debts of the incumbent. Sequestrators, or ' farmers,' were put in possession, who managed the estates of the different priories, and, after deducting the outgoings and expenses of manage- ment, paid over any balance to the Crown. The alien priories remained in this state of suspended animation during the rest of the long reign of Edward III, and during the reigns of Richard II and Henry IV, and were finally dissolved, and their estates vested in the Crown,, by an Act of the Parliament of Leicester in 2 H. V. In the meantime, an offer from a man in Wykeham's position to purchase any of these estates at a fair price must have seemed a godsend to the monks abroad, after the Bull enabling him to acquire them without compensa- tion*. They proved willing enough to sell, but insisted that Wykeham should undertake to pay the costs of sale — a stipu- lation which churchmen too often make at the present day. Having, as has been said, the sanction of the Pope to what he was going to do, Wykeham sued out letters patent, enabling the College to acquire and hold in mortmain lands of the alien priories to the yearly value of 200 marks (£133 6s. 8rf. *). In this charter, dated June 16, 12 Ric. II (1389), the singular merits and services of Wykeham are set forth as a justification for granting it. The King grants it in consideration of the advancement of God's glory and the prosperity of the human race, which is brought about by the cultivation of learning ; and

' The Crown might at any time assert its right to land acquired by an alien, unless he were the subject of a friendly State, and merely rented the land for his occupation or for purposes of trade for a term not exceeding twenty-one years. The conveyance to an alien of any greater interest in land was a cause of forfeiture.

'' Which was made penal afterwards by Stat. 5 Ric. II. c. 11.

^ Ante^ p. 5. * Appendix IX.

The Endowment, 23

of Wykeham's devotion to the Ghurch, and to the honour of the name of Him crucified and of the most glorious Virgin His mother ; and for the support and maintenance of the Christian faith ; and for the advantage of God's holy church ; and for the increase of divine worship, and of all liberal arts, sciences, and faculties; and for the support of the Church and realm of England, and the clergy thereof; and in consideration of the masses and prayers which are offered daily, and by God's per- mission will for ever be offered within the College, according to the Founder's Statutes, for the prosperity of the King and Anne his consort, and of their souls afler their death ; and for the souls of Edward HI and his consort, of Edward their first- bom, and of all their progenitors.

Wykeham then began to negotiate, employing John de Campeden as an intermediary. One treaty — with the Hospital on Mount St. Bernard, in Savoy — ^went off as far as regards Winchester College through the circumstance of the Prior in- sisting that room for one or two of his monks should be found in Chamber Court as part of the bargain ^ But in other cases the monks were not so unreasonable. The following list of Wykeham's purchases of this class of property is verified by a certificate dated February 12, 1393-4, under the seal of John de Campeden. The estates of which the names are printed in italics fell to the share of New College. The monks seem to have estimated their expenses on a liberal scale.

I.

Monastery of St. Valery-sur-Mer, in Picardy.

Manors of Takely, Easihail, IVailes, IVodynton, Birchanger, and Lyndeshall 17,600

Churches of Isleworth, Heston ', Twickenham, and Hamp- ton-on-Thames 750

Expenses : — ^The abbot, for the papal license to alienate . 200

' One may suppose that the parent monasteries were crowded with refugees from the cells in England at the time. But the College was full already, and could not easily have made room for them, even if the presence of such persons had been desirable. What Polydore Vergil says of Winchester College (Ang. Hist, lib. xix), ' Inde velut ex equo Trojano viri omni tempore virtute excellentcs prodeunt,* is equally true of the congested state of its inside and of the dis- tinguished men who issued from it.

' These were scus or French crowns, gold coins worth about 5s. each.

* Heston is a parish between Harrow and West Drayton in Middlesex.

FBANCS

8.

24 Annals of Winchester College.

Prior John de Journalle's fee for negotiating the s:

Friar John Carpenter, Treasurer of the Abbey, i and fixtures

The same, for distribution amongst the monks, ic apiece

II. Monastery of the Holy Trinity on Mont St. Ka

The churches and manors of Hamiondsworth ' (He worth) in Middlesex and Tingewick* in Buckingh and the churches of Saham Tony and St. I Hastings

Expenses of the Prior coming to England to rec purchase money

Expenses of Friar John Fecent, Prior of Biria the same errand

HE.

Monastery of Tiron or Turon in la Beauce, a '. West of Chartres.

Manors of Hamblerice, St. Cross in the Isle o Titley, and Andwell, and churches of Hamblerice, and West Woridham

Fees of William de Siguenaux, Prior of Tichond Yterius Morini, his secretary (domicellus) for ei the sale

The Prior of Tichonderia and Giles, Abbot of C ' pro feodo sigilU' (sealing money) and conveying the to Rouen for confirmation by the High Court there, to Paris

According to Fuller, the best wheat in Engbnd 'growet south of HaiTow-on-lhe-Hill, nigh to Hessen ' {ac), ' so tt was formerly made of [fae fair flour thereof.' ' The subinfeudEitions of Ludynglon, Barnard's, and PBdb

' The original title-deed of Tingewick, a grant by Hilb monks of St. Kalherine's, with a nearly perfect impression mark ',a nide cross) of his patron, Williant the Conqueror, muniment room at Winchester. New College, however, hai

' Agents-general of the monastery.

The EndoTvment. 25

IV. Hospital on Mont St. Bernard in Savoy. Church of Homchurch . . 4000 gold nobles and 500 francs ^

The churches of Isleworth, Heston, Hampton-on-Thames, and Hannondsworth ceased to belong to the College under Henry VHL With the Priory of Hamblerice came the manor of that name, the churches of Hound and West Worldham, the tithes of Letteley (Netley), Bursledon, Hound, Sholing, and a portion of Allington Great Mead, near Bishopstoke ; the manors of Huntbome and Flex- land, in the parish of Soberton ; Ridelond (Redlands), in the parish of Ringsclere, a gift of Herbert Fitzherbert in the twelfth century ; two virgates of land at South Merston, in the parishes of Highworth and Stanton Fitzwarren, near Swindon ; and pensions issuing out of the rectory of Bishopstoke, Chark, and Lee in the parish of Titchfield, and the manors of Manningford Bruce, All Cannings ^ and Stanton Fitzherbert, near Devizes. The priories of St Cross and Titley had property in the Isle of Wight and in Herefordshire. Andwell Priory, near Basingstoke, had a few hundred acres of indifferent land, chiefly wood and pasture', and the advowson of the rectory of Brad- ford Peverel, in Dorsetshire, which a Norman named Robert Fitz- martin gave to the priory in the eleventh century.

Having thus endowed his College, Wykeham obtained for it a Charter of Privileges*. A better testimonial has seldom been given by the Crown to a subject. After a preamble lauding Wykeham's munificence, and insisting on the advantage to the Catholic faith of the extension of sound learning, the King, actuated, as he says, by affection for a faithful servant who had devoted the best years of his life to the service of his king, not without injury to his health, grants to the Warden and Scholars and their successors immunity from all aids, services, subsidies, tenths, and the like, as well ecclesiastical as civil, theretofore levied ; the right to quiet enjoyment of the college buildings* ; and exemption from the exactions of purveyors' and from pen-

^ The costs are not recorded in this instance.

* ' Al Canynges (Alice Canynges) land/

' The lessee used to send in a boar to the College yearly, on St. Andrew*s Day.

Appendix X.

This might have been pleaded (had it been of the least use) in answer to

nes I in 1630. See Chapter xviii.

' The cleiigy were exempt already from the burden of purveyance by virtue • the Statute pro cUro 14 Ed. III. cap. i, by which the King declares that he ^ II not take any goods from people of Holy Church against their free will : but

if

il

26 Annals of Winchester College,

sions, corrodies, and other incumbrances affecting the landed interest at that period.

This charter is tested at Westminster before most of the great officers of State, and bears date September 28, 1395. It was renewed in every subsequent reign, except under Edward VI and Mary, down to Charles II inclusive. There is also a charter of the Parliament, dated February 12, 1649-50, running in the name of * Custodes Libertatis Angliae auctoritate Parlia- menti,' which is attested by Attorney-General Wylde, and pro- fesses to confer similar privileges.

There was no occasion for this charter to be renewed after the Restoration, thanks to Stat. 12 Car. II. c. 34, entitled * An Act for taking away Courts of Wards and Liveries, and tenure in capiie and by knight service, and purveyance, and for settling a revenue upon his Majesty in lieu thereof.'

On St. Cuthbert's day (March 20), 1398-9, Warden Morys rode to Farnham and received the Charter of Privileges there at the hands of Wykeham. I know not to what I may attribute the delay except to Wykeham's state of health.

Under a charter of Henry IV the College is entitled to the goods of felons within its manors; and under a charter of Arthur Plantagenet* Viscount Lisle, as Lieutenant of Henry Duke of Richmond, Lord High Admiral of England, it has the right to all forfeitures, deodands (abolished by statute in the present reign), flotsam, jetsam, lagsam, and wreck within its manors of Hamblerice, Eling, Andwell, St. Cross, and Barton.

The income arising from this endowment was barely sufficient to maintain the Society. Wykeham no doubt intended that the income should be exhausted by the appropriations of it which he directed ; for the statutes prescribe what is to be done if the income shall fall short, and contain no provisions for the con-

the College was not, legally speaking, an ecclesiastical corporation ; and the purveyors may be supposed to have relied on might as much as on right. In any case, such a charter as this was useful to show to purveyors. It appears, indeed, to have been kept at Harmondsworth with this object : for the society had to send a man thither to fetch it in the year 1445, when it was wanted at Andover to answer a purveyor who had seized forty quarters of oats belonging to a College tenant for the service of the royal stable.

^ A natural son of Edward IV. In the year 1549 he died in the Tower of London (where he lay under a charge of conspiracy to betray Calais to the French), of joy , it is said, at the news of his approaching release. ^«

The Endowment. 47

ction that any surplus is to be put into the 'ears after the opening day the College was solvent, and it owes its liberation from pecu- 1 ultimate wealth to the generosity of bene* jress of the country. Such a result cannot contemplated by Wykeham.

CHAPTER IV.

The Fabric.

Commencement. — Materials. — A disaster. — How remedied. — More quired. — Opening ceremony. — Who took part in iL — Milton roaster.— Outer court.— Warden's lodgings. — Porter's lodge.- Room. — Baraary. — Brewhouae — Screen across Outer court. — ' 1 Middle gate-^Election chamber. — Chamber court — Scholars' a lodgings. — Choristers' chamber. — Bakehouse. — Fellows' comm' Scola choristaruDi.— Chaplains' chamber. — Kitchen.— Tnisty Conduit. — Hall. — Hatches. — Cellar. — Treasury. — Library.- chamber. — Chapel.— Roodlof). — Puritan alterations. — High alta altars. — Ornaments. — Reredos.— Stalls, — ' Sepulchre.'— Cho Subsequent changes. — Lecterns. — Stained giass. — Organs. Harris. — Organists. — John Reading.— Author of ' Domum.' — Ji James Kent. — Drs. Chard and Wesley. — Sacristy. — Hunimer Vestibule. — Crimean and Stewart memorials. — Belfiy. — Clock.-

The completion of the fabric at New College in M left Wykeham free to begin work at Winchester, stone of the fabric there was laid, according to Heete', on March 26, 1387. It was six years building, and tt £1014 8s. 3^., equivalent perhaps to £20,000 in th< day, was spent on it prior to the opening day. The which the chapel and hall are built came by sea, thi sort from a disused pit near Ryde, which Wykeham rented of the monks of Quarr Abbey', the finer sort 1 ings from Beer, on the Devonshire coast. The quarri has been reopened, and much of the stone used a scholars* chambers six or seven years ago came from

' Cuius quidem primi lapidis posicio fuerat facta xxvj die Mensis autem iij ante nendiem anno domini HCCCLXXXVIJ regni vero rt Secundi xj.

' Wykeham resorted to the Binslead quarries for stone when building the Cathedral.

The Fabric, 29

cargoes of stone, whether from Ryde or Beer, were beached at St. Denys, on the river Itchen, above Southampton, and then carted over the downs to Winchester, a distance of about ten miles. It seems as if the 'Old Barge,' Bishop Lucy's naviga- tion between Southampton and Winchester, was not in working order at that time, or did not convey building materials ^ The flints, chalk, and 'burres ' of which the remaining buildings are composed, were close at hand. The lime may have come from Chilcomb, and the sand, if we may infer anything from the yellow colour of the mortar, came from Otterborne. The stone slates which covered the buildings, except the chapel, hall and towers, which have leaden roofs, came from the Isle of Purbeck. The timber, oak and beech, may have come from any of the bishopric manors.

The timber used after the opening day came from Ropley, near Alresford, or Allington, near Bishopstoke. It does not appear that chesnut was used in any part of the fabric ; and fir was unknown.

*■ Building materials are not mentioned among the articles on which Bishop Lucy and his successors were authorised by King John*s charter to levy tolls -when conveyed by the canal or ' Old Barge * between Winchester and South- ampton. (See Bp. Pontissara s Register, aoi v.) These articles were : —

Hides dried and salted, per last of loo ad.

„ „ per two ' dacrae ' of ten or a less number . {</.

Wool, cheese, lard, tallow, yarn, and other articles weighed by

the last, per last ad.

„ half last id.

„ quarter last Id.

Any less quantity Id.

Woollen, linen, or silken cloth, rabbit and other skins, and cordage,

per truss id.

Pepper, per cask ^d.

Cummin, alum, dyestuff, incense, and almonds, per cask . \d.

Figs, per two frails \d.

Wax, per thousandweight ad.

„ „ hundredweight ^d

Wine, beer, honey, and other liquids, per dolium of if quarts . \d.

Any grain, per sextarius of a quarts \d.

Millstones, each \d.

Herrings, per last id.

Garlic, onions, or nuts, per tub \d.

Nuts, per dolium }d.

Iron, per thousandweight id.

Any other metal, cast or not, per thousandweight .id. Bacon, per twenty flitches \d.

30 Annals of Winchester College.

As the Tabric was approaching completion, a disaster occurr which may have delayed the opening. A glance at the Ou Gate will show what it was. A subsidence of the western ja of the gate, which, like the rest of the original building, stai on piles, took place. Work on the superstructure was stopi at once. The half-finished chamber over the gateway v covered in with thatch, and the massive buttresses on either s of the gateway, within and without, were erected. Th buttresses stayed the progress of the mischief; yet it was until more than four years had elapsed that the Society ventu; to complete the superstructure, and then on a reduced sc; with one chamber instead of two.

Wykeham had built up to the very edge of his site, so t the outside buttresses necessarily encroached on the pul highway. Other subsidences, too, might take place, in wh case other buttresses would have to be built. So he encio: a strip of ground, 12 ft. wide, along the whole front of the r building in College street. In a charter, dated March i, 1392 which enabled him to do this, the strip of ground is descril as part of the king's highway, extending from the wall of Sustern Spital to the bank of the mill-stream, 200 fl. 1( and 12 ft. wide. The sidewalk from Commoners' Gate to bridge represents it nearly enough. Within living mem' it was enclosed with posts and rails, such as are depic in Logan's view of the College, but these have been remov and nothing remains to show that it is not part of the pul highway.

By virtue of the same charter, Wykeham acquired ab a quarter of an acre of ground (roda terrae) along the wesb boundary of the site. It was part of the garden of the Sust< Spital. The buildings at the western end of Outer court- slaughter-house, wood-house and stables^stand upon it, ; Wykeham by means of it got the way from the Outer court the rear of the buildings under the archway in the south-w corner of Outer court, which was not provided in the origi design.

The opening ceremony took place on Saturday, March 1393. Early in the morning of that day, Wykeham recei' the new Warden and seventy scholars, whose names appeal the first leaf of the register, i n his presence chamber at Wolve.

The Fabric, 31

and admitted them to the privileges of the foundation *. The procession then set out with the blessing of Wykeham upon it, and entered at 9 a.m. the future home of the Society, preceded by a cfFoss-bearer and chanting '.

It does not appear that Wykeham took part in the opening ceremony. Very probably he was out of health at the time. Heete's description of those who took part in the procession is imaginative, for there were no fellows as yet. The Society consisted on the opening day of a Warden (Morys), a master (Milton), and usher (Huet or Hewet), and seventy scholars. There was also a lay-clerk (Hende) who became a Fellow after- wards. Milton may perhaps be identified with the Clerk of that name, whom Wykeham, a little later (May 10, 1393) made Warden of Magdalen Hospital, near Winchester '. He taught the school only half-a-year, and then made way for Thomas Romesye. Christopher Jonson assumed that he died : —

'Causa latet, medio docuit non amplius anno Miltonus, hunc vitae credo habuisse modum.'

But this is not the case, for he sold a copy of the Lexicon of Papias, a grammaticus non inerudttus of Lombardy (Fabricius, v. 576), to the Warden and Fellows several years after this. Some have endeavoured to identify him with a John Milton, who had a true bill found against him at the Assizes in the year 1393, on an indictment for stealing thirteen pieces of cloth, value £7, at Hursley. This Milton, being a churchman, did not take his trial, but got off, as churchmen might in those days, by declaring on oath that he was not guilty, and bringing compurgators to

* Warden Morys is called ' primus custos istius coUegii ' on his brass in front of the altar in the College chapel, for the reason that he was the first Warden with active duties to perform, his predecessors Cranlegh and Westcote having been ' custodes titulares ' only. The heading of the register, ' Nomina scolarium a principio fundacionis huius collegii/ shows that tlie opening day in 1393, and not the incorporation day in 1389, was regarded as the real foundation day of the CoUege.

* * Quorum quidem custodis, sociorum, scolanum, ceterorumque omnium predictonun ingressus primus ad inibi habitandum fuit hora iij ante meridiem zxviij die Mensis Marcii anno domini MCCCXCIIJ regni vero Regis Ricardi xvij (this is an error, because the seventeenth year of King Richard II did not begin till June aa, 1393) cum cruce erectcL precedente solemni cantu proces- sionaliter gradiendo,' Heete, § 19.

' Wykeham's Register, v. 131.

32 Annals of Winchester College.

swear that they believed his story. If Milton the school was the Milton who stole the cloth, we have the reason v retired when he did.

The design of the buildings which the procession ente this memorable occasion — the birth-day of the public system of England — is simple : an oblong outer court of opening into another, containing the chapel, hall, ki butteries, sacristy, muniment-room, and chambers of the S and having behind it a cloister enclosing the burying g There is a general resemblance to the plan of New C with an important difference consisting in the circumsta the relative positions of the chapel and hall being rei to which Winchester College Chapel owes its gloriou window. In other respects the buildings undoubtedlj the palm to those at Oxford, which were built with le gard to cost and are altogether more commodious, were reasons why the buildings at Oxford should be: palm ; and Wykeham may have spent less on the buildi Winchester in view of the outlay he was about to make Cathedral.

The Outer court is next to College Street, and th ' Outer gate,' the entrance gateway, which is placed exa the middle of the original frontage of two hundred feet, gate is plain in design and has over it a statue of the Mary in a tabernacled niche between the two sash wi of the bursary, which were formerly oriels. The original appears, from an entry in the Computus of the year 1466, t been in need of repair at that early period. It was replai the present one in the last century. Outer gate was pla and white-washed in the year 1564, and in 1820 it recei' present coating of Roman cement, and was otherwise re ata cost of £217.

The building to the east of Outer gate, facing the str far as the buttresses extend) was a store for corn and mai the year 1597 it was converted into rooms for the Warde the Mibraria' over Fromond's chantry became the gra This is the oldest portion of the Warden's lodgings, raised a storey and extended further eastward over tl of the Prior's Garret in 1613-15, while Love was W ' Se« Cluipier ix.

The Fabric. 33

Warden Nicholas built the garden front in 1692; Repton's front, cont^ing the College picture gallery, Was built in 1832-3. Underneath the part facing the street, entered by a door under the entrance archway, is the wine-cellar. This is first alluded to in the computus of 1420, when it was cleared of the rubbish which Wykeham's workmen had left in it, in order to receive a hogshead of Gascony wine for use at the Election of that year.

On the right hand, as you pass under the archway of the outer gate, is the porter's lodge, called 'barbaria* or 'domus barbitonsoris ' in the computus rolls, because the porter was also the barber \ The present efficient and intelligent porter, Mr. Lock, has made the lodge a museum of Wykehamical curiosities. The following inventory of its contents was taken in the year 1413: — One bed complete (integer), three planks, two forms, a press, a chair, a round chafer with lid, another holding one gallon, a pottlepot, three basins, six shaving cloths, four razors, a grapple pro aqu^purgand^^ For the first few years, so long in fact as the outer gate was considered insecure, the porter had a watch-box (la logge) of timber and thatched inside the court.

Over the porter's lodge, approached by a turret, is the so- called steward's room, where the clericus computi used to keep the books. It is now the clerks' office. Over the gateway, approached by the same staircase, is the bursary. This was originally the chamber of the senescallus terrarum, or steward of the manors, and, after an interval of many years, has come to be that again. The steward should have had a room over this, but the disaster already referred to prevented it, and he was provided instead with a second or inner chamber in the grain store. The following inventory of the contents of the steward's chamber in the year 1413, when Fromond was steward, contains a reference to this inner chamber, which was added long ago to the Warden's lodgings : — ' Unus lectus bonus. Item le costerys paled de albo et viridi ad suspendend. ab hostio laterino ad hostium camere ' (curtains striped white and green to hang across

' Eveiy scholar had to receive the first tonsure by the end of his first year ider pain of expulsion ; and wearing the hair long (nuirirt comas) was for- iden by the Statutes ; consequently his was an important ofiice. "^ For clearing the millstream of weeds. A grapple is still kept for this purpose, e purchase for 44/. of an old scythe (zythe) for cutting the weeds (pro originibus amputandis) is recorded in the computus of 1452.

D

34 Annals of Winchester College.

from the side door of the inner chamber to the door of the prin- cipal chamber). ' Item una pulcra mensa depicta cum diversis coloribus cum suis trescellis flexibilibus et im& capsuU pro eisdem custodiend. et continet scaccos et taxillos et alia per- tinencia ad ludum scaccorum et alearum de every (sficr) et cristalle ' (a board on folding legs or trestles, with a case, in it pieces, dice, and other things appertaining to the game at tables, and dice of ivory and crystal).

Next the porter's lodge comes the brew-house, a long unoma- mented building built of chalkstones and flint, and roofed with Purbeck slates. Beyond it are the slaughter-house^ (now a latrine) and the wood-house. Beyond these is a range of stabling, forming the western end of Outer Court

Outer Court is sixty feet wide, and was about two hundred feet long before its fair proportions were curtailed by the erec- tion of the modern front of the Warden's lodgings. The two- arched screen of masonry which crosses it was erected in the year 1663, to screen certain edifices which stood over the Lock- bum, then an open sewer. It serves no useful purpose now, and might be removed with advantage.

The wages of John and Thomas George and Richard Warden, who built this screen, amounted to £11 05. 5^., but the particu- lars are not given. Other items are : —

Fifteen hundred bricks from Otterbome . . . . i 10 o

A rudder to screen sand 006

Wickham for eleven trestles and two centers . . . o 12 o

Thomas George, pointing the masonry . . . • 3 3 8 Mayor of Winchester for twenty-two loads of stone ' .880

Three dozen ridge tiles 076

Lawrence, tiling the wall o 12 8

Jerome, carving and gilding the Founder's arms, and

colouring the lion's head 080

Farmer Wells, carting flints and sand . . . -330

Thirty-three quarters of lime 610

Fifield, five loads of stone 250

Pledger, carting away rubbish o a o

;£a6 13 4

^ The Society ceased to kill their own meat in 1697.

' No doubt from the foundations of some monastic building. There is a tradition that the lion's head in the wall came from St. £lizabeth*s College.

1

The Fabric. 35

The dump of pollard limes in front of the screen is called 'Paradise/ possibly from a fancied resemblance to the fore- court of the Roman Basilica, which bears that name. The en* trance to the inner or Chamber Court is by the archway under Middle Gate Tower. On either face of this will be seen in three tabernacled niches the figure of the Virgin Mary, flanked by figures of the archangel Gabriel and the founder on his knees, the attitude in which he is depicted in the east window of the ChapeL The figures looking south are dilapidated, and were mended with Roman cement in 1813. Middle Gate Tower contains two chambers, one over the other, which are ap« proached by a turret staircase similar to the one in Outer Gate Tower. These chambers were assigned to the Warden, and he occupied them until he removed to his lodgings in the Outer Court. Warden BUson (1580-96) was the first married warden, and the last who lived in these two chambers. Peter Martyr's wife (he followed Luther's example and married a nun) was the first woman that lived in any College or Hall at Oxford, and Mrs. Bilson was the first woman who lived in Winchester College. The lower one of these chambers is called Election Chamber, for the reason that the ceremony of electing scholars was performed in it until recent changes. It is wainscoted, and was warmed by means of a brazier until the year 155s when a chimney was built and a fireplace added. The College tutor occupies it now, as well as the chamber above it, which was restored in 1887.

Chamber Court measures a hundred and fifteen feet from east to west, and a little less from north to south. It is paved with cobble-stones and flints, siurrounded by a border of flag- stones known as ' Sands.' ' Pro novis lapidibus in ambulachro dicto ly Sands' occurs in the accounts of the year 1674. There is a tradition that the flints replace the cobble-stones which the juniors were made to carry for aggressive pur- poses to the top of Middle Gate Tower during the rebellion of 1793. The chambers—the residential portion of the fabric — sur- >und three sides of this court, and are entered by plain pointed xrhes with corbels of various designs. They were of two K>rs until the seventeenth century, when a third or attic floor as formed in the roof. The windows, of two lights, with

D 2

36 Annals of Winchester College.

cinquefoiled heads and transoms, were modernised in the year 1812, and are now square-headed, with hood moulds and corbels of appropriate design^

Six of the ground-floor chambefs, known as First, Second, &c., housed the scholars. These chambers were floored with chalk, rammed hard on a bottom of flints, like the floor of any old Hampshire barn. Floors of oak were laid over these in the year 1540 at the expense, according to tradition, of Dean Fleshmonger, an old Wykehamist, The present oak floors were laid early in the present century. In these six chambers the seventy scholars studied and slept. Quite recently, separate studies have been provided, and nearly all the boys sleep off the ground floor. The Statutes required that all except the youngest should have separate beds. Conse- quently sixty-four bedsteads were ordered at the opening of the College. These bedsteads were of oak and cost one shilling each. They seem to have been mere trays to hold the straw on which the scholars lay. 'Clean straw* is a 'notion* for clean sheets to this day. Dean Fleshmonger replaced these bed- steads at his own expense with others of oak, having heads or testers. One of this class of bedsteads is kept in Sixth Cham- ber as a curiosity. In memory of Fishmonger's benefactions the Society ordained that a mass should be sung for him daily in each chamber at the sound of the second bell for matins. Every other article of chamber-stock the scholars provided for themselves. Consequently the inventories are silent as to the contents of the scholars* chambers.

The upstairs chambers bore the same numbers as the cham- bers underneath which they corresponded to. First, Second, and Third were designed for nine of the Fellows. Fourth was the aula custodis in which he entertained visitors officially and received the supervisors during Election week. Fifth Chamber was appropriated to the Commoners, until it was added to the schoolmaster's apartments under Dr. Burton '•

^ £. g. a head, with hand moulding a youth's head, over the doorway leading^ to Election chamber: a psaltery and bagpipe over the staircase leading to hall : Excess, a head vomiting, and a manciple with his cash box over the kitchen windows. The corbels of the windows of Fromond's chantry likewise repay examination.

' < Sol. pro V modiis albedinis (of whiting) ij modiis sabuli et uno crinis fof

\

The Fabric* 37

bese chamber!^ and the attics over them, are now dormi- i. Sixth was assigned to the schoohnaster, usher, and ining fellow. Every Fellow had a separate tmtseum or r in the chamber which he lived in ; and when the attics made, each chamber became a set of chambers containing al rooms. The followingparticularsofThird(tertia camera itromm) come from an inventory of the year 1670. In ion to the great or common chamber, entered from the ase, it contained a galleiy on that floor, and on the second ic floor a room over the gallery, which can have been no -than a passage, and the private studies of Chalkhill, Ken', uoles, the three Fellows who occupied the set at that

ese galleries were a feature in the original design. They Led a passage on the first floor by means of which the lant of any chamber on that floor, or the Warden himself, ; pay a visit to any other chamber on that floor without downstairs into the court.

ground-floor chamber behind Sixth, known as Seventh l>er*, was the abode of the choristers. It was approached : doorway in the north-western comer of Chamber Court, 1 now leads to the Fellows' common-room, and in the early of Dr. Burton gave access to the quarters of his com- rs. References occur in the books to this chamber and to icola choristarum,' which was on the ground floor next the ;n, with a window (now converted into a door), looking Chamber Couit. 1 find in the computus for the year 1543 allowing entries: — 'Sol. Joh. Clement pro clave ostii -ae choristarum, iiijtt .... Sol. praeposito domOs Ste. s pro unA lapideA fenestra pro scolA choristarum cum ;io et comunis, xj*.' A Fellow named William Nyghtyn- who devised quit-rents amounting to 28s. 41/, yearly, and :ment in Winnall, as a provision for his obit in the year directed that each of the six chambers should receive 6d,, and

r) el clavis ad clatbros (bths) absumpiis in RlligiDdo et repanudo cub!- mnnieiisaliuni, iijs. ixd.' U an enlry in the bursar's book of 1664. emards Bishop of Balh and Wells.

t the present Seveath chamber, which was originally the schoolroom, and to be called ' Seventh ' when the ' School ' was built under Warden

38 Annals of Winchester College.

the Seventh or choristers' chamber 4^/. on the anniversaiy of his death. The will, dated in the year 1472, of Richard Rede^ janitor or porter of Wolvesey Castle, who devised lands called Gordon's ^ in East Worldham to Winchester College, contains a similar provision. The situation of this Seventh chamber is fixed by the bursar's book of the year 1663, which describes the screen of masonry* in the Outer Court as 'mums transversus a brasino ad cubiculum choristarum.' Early in the seventeenth century this chamber became a store for lime, &c., and the choristers were allowed to live with their friends in the town, with the result that one would expect The supervisors say in the year 1631 that they

(i) Run about in hats.

(2) Come not to school.

(3) Few if any of them have surplices.

(4) Only two or three can sing.

This state of things continued until the year 1810, when the Warden and Fellows bought the lease of a house in College Street, and put the choristers into it under the superintendence of a person appointed for the purpose. Many Wykehamists remember the late Mr. William Whiting, who acted for so many years in that capacity, and is best known as the author of Eternal Father, strong to save,* the beautiful hymn for those at sea. This house, which had formed part of the old Che3mey Court, answered its purpose indifferently well until the year 1882, when the choir school in Kingsgate Street was built on the site of the old Crown Inn '.

The chamber over the scola choristarum was appropriated to the three chaplains. It is now the Second Master's drawing- room.

^ One would scarcely expect to find a name which in Milton's opinion ' would have made Quintilian stare and gasp' localized in East Hampshire in the fifteenth century : but in fact Gordon or Gurdon was a common name in that quarter of England. Witness Adam de Gurdon, the outlaw, who had the single combat with Prince Edward in the forest between Selborne and Alton.

■ AnU, p. 34.

• The title to this site can be traced back to the year 1407, when Nicholas Kerby, the owner, devised it to his daughter Alice by the description of his messuage, *Situm in occidental! parte Kyngatestrete inter venellam que dudt ad ecclesiam bcati Michaelis ex parte austnili et tenementum VraUeri Botchere ex parte altera.' It was held of the See of Winchester. >^

The Fabric. 39

:house was a building with a skilling or lean-to roof, back of the choristers' chamber. It and the gateway i-west comer of Outer Court were built two or three the opening day. Over the bakehouse, abutting on id of the Sixth upstairs or schoolmaster's chamber, r named Thomas Watson, of whom nothing further built in the year 1551 a Fellows' Common-Room 3 aisiamento sociorum), with flints and stone from ed house of the Austin Friars ' without the South- nchester, at a total cost of £106 3s. arf. lien occupies the rest of the western side of Chamber

is a lofty room reaching to the rooC with four 3 let out the smoke and smell of cooking. The es of two of these windows were blocked up in the

Brick was used on this occasion for the first time :

Vill™* Grawnte laboranti in coquinS mense Junii circa ;m ij fenestrarum in parte occidcntali coquinae per v. ti per diem iiij'cum zv^ sol. uni servient! sibi, capienti p. XI* pro eorum comunis, iiij* vij*. Et soL Colswayne d id opus iij' cum xij* sol. pro j quarteriS calcis adustae pott sabuti, iiij* viij''.'

and music room were carved out of the kitchen in ith century.

lobby hangs the painting of the Trusty Servant, cas of the sixteenUi century wears a serving man's

with vest and bands ; and has the head of a swine, ' an ass, and the feet of a hart. A padlock is on his

anns are upraised, the right hand is open, the left osed on a broom, a shovel, and a fork ; a sword lis side, and a buckler is on his left arm. Lttributes are described in the following lines on

Hfiigiem servi si vis spectare probati Quisquis es haec oculos pascet imago tuos.

ie small religious houses wliicb came to Ihe College under the ez- Henry VIII to be mentioned io Chapter zv. It stood as nearly as re Sl Michael's Rectory now stands.

y buff but painted blue, turned up with red, like the Windsor uni- jeoife 111 visited the College tn 1778.

40 Annals of Winchester College.

Porcinum os, quocunque cibo jejunia sedat ;

Haec sera, consilium ne fluat, arcta premit. Dat patientem asinus dominis jurgantibus aureniy

Cervus, habet celeres ire, redire, pedes. Laeva docet multum tot rebus onusta laborem,

Vestis, munditiem, dextera aperta, fidem : Accinctus gladio, clypeo munitus, et inde

Vel se vel dominum quo tueatur habet.'

'A Trusty servant's portrait would you see? This emblematic figure well survey, The porkers snout, not nice in diet shows, The padlock shut, no secrets he'll disclose: Patient, the ass his master's rage will bear, Swiftness in errand, the stag's feet declare ; Loaded his left hand apt to labour saith; The vest, his neatness, open hand, his faith : Girt with his sword, his shield upon his arm, Himself and master he*ll protect from harm.'

It is not known where the figure came from. The imple- ments in the left hand, and the scenery in the background, indicate a German or Flemish origin, the broom being exactly that which the Flemish ' Buy a Broom * girls used to offer for sale in the streets of London seventy years 2^0. The first allusion to the figure in the bursar's books occurs in 1628, ' Hieronymo pictori pro reparanda effigie Dni Fundatoris in aula et servi ante culinam.' A similar figure is, or was lately, the sign of an inn at Minestead, in the New Forest.

The Rev. W. H. Gunner thought that the Latin lines were by Christopher Jonson (Head-master 1560-71) \ The writer is indebted to Mr. Horace Kelway Pope, of Southampton, for the reference to A Communicant Instructed^ by Robert Hill, D.D. (London, 1613), which contains the following dialogue : —

Quest. How may a good manservant be described ?

Ans. You told me that you had seen him thus described in print He must have — I. The snout of a swine to be content with any fare. a. A locke on his mouth to keep his masters secrets.

3. The long ears of the ass, to hearken to his master's command- ments.

4. Good apparell on his back, for his master's credit.

' NoUs and Qumes, Series I, Vol. vi. 417.

The Fabric. 41

5. A sword and buckler on his right arm for his master's defence.

6. On his left arm a currycombe for his horse, a beesome for his chamber and a brush for his apparell, as one ready for any service.

7. The eyes of an eagle to see into that which may be for his master's good.

8. The feet of a hinde to go with speed about his master's business.

The kitchen had no chimney till 1520^ when a chimney with two flues (tonnelli) was built, at the cost of John Webbe, one of the Fellows. Until then, the cooking was done over an open hearth, in the middle of the floor. An iron bar across the kitchen had a number of brass pots of all sizes hanging from it by iron crooks ; and when the cook wanted to boil any- thing he put it into a pot of the right size, and drew the pot along the iron bar to its place over the fire. The biggest pot of all was called 'Colman,' for what reason does not appean Any meat that was roasted was turned over the fire on a hori* zontal spit by the garcio coquinae.

The scholars washed under a penthouse in Chamber Court, against the wall of the kitchen. Marks on the wall show the height and pitch of the roof of this penthouse. William Iken- ham, the carpenter, was paid 475. in 1399 for making the original penthouse and a windlass (machina) to the well in the kitchen, which supplied the conduit under the penthouse. Baths (lavacra) of stone and basins (pelves) of lead under this penthouse are frequently referred to.

The conduit was rebuilt in 1651 of timber, with a portico supported by five wooden columns of the Ionic order*. It was removed about fifty years 2^0, when the ordinary conveniences for washing were provided in Chambers. The penthouse is figured in the view of Chamber Court in Ball's Historical Account of Winchester^ p. 154.

There was another conduit in the Cloisters for the use of the senior members of the Society. Mn reparacione lavacri in claustro iijrf.' occurs in 9 H. VI.

A flight of stone steps, replacing the original flitches of oak,

^ €A)st of sawing nine hundred feet of timber for columns, &c., of the new conduit, i^. 6</. ; Colston, turning five columns, £i 25. td, ; Jerome, carving the capitals and the Founder's arms, 15 days, £1 los. ; an elm board to cut the anns on, 4s. 6dL ; Bernard, mason, pulling down the old conduit and laying bases for the columns, &c., 35} days, £1 145. : painting and gilding the Founder's arms, columns, capitals and roof, £4 xo£.

4» Annals of Winchester College.

in the south-west comer of the quadrangle, leads to the Hall. As he ascends the Hall stairs, the visitor sees before him the remains of the lantern, carved in stone, which lighted the stair- case. Here, too, was ' la Vyse,* the parvise, or porch, which is mentioned in the earliest computus rolls. The vahtae, or folding-doors of oak, and the sliding bolt to secure them against force from without, should also be noticed. The Hall is sixty- three feet long by thirty wide. The dimensions of New College Hall are eighty feet by forty. It is lighted by three lofty two- light Perpendicular windows on the south side, and two on the north, divided by transoms. The ceiling is of oak, the groining ribs resting on corbels representing the heads of kings and prelates alternately. The middle of the roof was raised higher than the rest, and had apertures at the sides for ventila- tion, as in the roof of the brewhouse ; but this bit of original work was not reproduced when the roof was renewed in 1817. Mr. Garbett, the architect who restored the Cathedral, was consulted at that time, and found that about one-third of the massive oak rafters were decayed where they rested on the plate, owing to defects in the lead letting in the wet, and he advised that the rotten timbers should be replaced with new ; describing the roof as an admirable specimen, in design and execution, of the work of the Founder's period. He says at the conclusion of his report : —

* Upon the Survey of such a specimen of ancient Carpentry, the Reporter begs leave to embrace the opportunity it affords of paying his humble tribute of admiration of the simple elegance displayed in the design of this Roof, the scientific principles of its construction, the care with which the Materials must have been selected, and the accuracy with which the workmanship was executed. To this com- bination of excellence he attributes the preservation of the work nearly intire through four Centuries, while works of contemporary and of subsequent origin have ceased to exist, and have given place to others by no means favourable to a comparison of Modem with ancient Taste, and Art. It must not however be concealed that the Timbers which exhibit such a striking proof of the durability of that Material when properly selected and apply'd, are of such dimensions that the expence of renewing the whole according to the original design would be very great ; but when it is considered that one third of the principal Timber, and nearly the whole of the inferior Timber and ornaments may be preserved throughout the greater part, if not the whole, of another Century, the circumstances apptar favoui:gble

\

The Fabric. 43

for perpetuating so venerable an example of Carpentry according to its original design/

Local influence, however, prevailed. A new roof was put on, and a costly job it proved to be. Thirty oak trees, measuring forty loads, were bought for £440 19s. 'jd. The carpenter's bill was £1710, and the bricklayers' and plumbers' bills, with the cost of scaffolding, brought up the total to nearly £2900. The professional charges seem a mere fraction of what they would be nowadays. Mr. Garbett had only £5 55. for his elaborate and valuable report, and £13 135. for the drawings for the new roof; and Mr. Forder, the College surveyor, .was paid only £ao for superintending the work, measuring it, and checking the tradesmen's bills.

The floor of the Hall was paved at first Rushes to strew it at Christmas and on St. John the Baptist's Day and the Annun- ciation cost 65. 3^. in 1393. Similar entries occur frequently. A charge for taking up and re-laying the pavement occurs in 1412. Hall was repaved in 1542, when a thousand feet of paving at 2rf., and a hundred and fifty-seven feet of gutter stone at 4^/. were used. The present oak floor was laid in 1821, at a cost of £491 55. 4//.

Warmth was provided in cold weather by a fire on an open hearth in the middle of the Hall. The Statutes contain a pleasant allusion to the scholars sitting round the charcoal fire after dinner on feast days in winter, and spending the time in singing and telling stories until curfew.

The walls are of flint and chalk, under a coating of plaster. In 1399 they were hung with four ' dorsals ' of worsted, con- taining four bolts — a bolt measures twenty-four ells — at the cost of 285., including the making and carriage from Staines. These hangings seem to have been frequently renewed. Dr. John Selott (admitted 1428) gave hangings of red worsted in the year 1470. ' Sol. Ric. Yordan pro vectura le rede worstede dat. Coll. per mag. Joh. Selott pro aula comuni xvrf.* About the year 1540 Dean Fleshmonger gave the oaken panelling, which

as in part renewed in 1820, when the screen in front of the 1 itches was erected, at a cost of £200.

The portrait of Wykeham which hangs at the upper end of

all was bought in 1597 for £4 12s. 6d. Nothing is known

its previous history.

44 Annals of Winchester College,

The lighting after dark seems to have been by means of oil lamps. A reference occurs in 1575 to a 'navis/ or pendant lamp, shaped like a boat, which was repaired in that year by one who was a prisoner for debt in the gaol of the Cheyney Court Candles were used in the last century, and until gas came in.

The arrangement of the tables referred to in Rubric XIV— a middle table for the Warden, schoolmaster, and senior fellows, with their guests, and side tables for the junior fellows, chap- lains, usher, and scholars — was soon discontinued, for the reason that the side tables did not seat so many comfortably. Before the year 1437 a high table was introduced, at which the former occupants of the middle table sat, leaving the middle table for the junior fellows, chaplains, and usher. An item of 4s. for twelve ells of table linen pro mensis lateralibus schdarium occur- ring in 1432 shows that the scholars' tables ran along the sides of Hall then as they do now.

The hatches or butteries are on the right hand as you enter Hall. The first, where tea is now made, was originally the serving bar, and was approached by a flight of steps in the kitchen through an archway, now built up, in the wall within the music room, a more convenient way of serving dinner than now, when the dishes are carried by staggering choristers up the common staircase. The next, or Middle Hatch, which now yields bread, butter, and cheese, was the paneiria, or pantry '. The further hatch is the botdlariaf or buttery. A spiral stair- case in the turret descends to the cellar underneath. Up this staircase the beer was brought in 'gispins,' or leathern jacks, some of which are preserved as curiosities in the porter's lodge and elsewhere. The tin cans now used for drawing beer are called ' coppers,* from the circumstance that cans of that metal were used for that purpose when the leather * gispins ' went out of fashion.

The cellar is a chamber on the ground floor under the hatches, with a vaulted stone ceiling in which the groining ribs spring from corbels and unite in a central stone shaft, 18 ft. 3 in. in height. The dimensions of the cellar, 30 ft. 8 in. by 24 ft. 3 in., show what space was considered necessary for the

*■ A window of glass pulveriecUi cum rosis et lUiis continent. vUj pedes, at 8^. per foot was put up here in 1453. The price of plain glass in the same year was 6d. per foot

The Fabric. 45

storage of beer in the days when beer'(potus) was the only drink.

A spiral staircase in the same turret, which might be, but is not, a continuation of the cellar staircase, leads to the Treasury or audit-room. This chamber is divided into two by a timber partition of ancient date, the inner one being that in which the audit was held until twenty years ago. The floor is chiefly paved with Flemish tiles, of the sort described in Chapter VII I. Hung on the walls of the inner chamber are some pieces of arras, two of the fifteenth century, comprising a portion of the story of David and Abigail, with the following couplets : —

* Jurare David tremuit in Nabal vindicare Armigeros admonuit stultum extirpare Abigail percipiens ineptiam mariti Gravi David cupiens benigne reniti.'

Nothing is certainly known about these pieces of arras beyond the fact that they hung in the chamber of the Warden of New College* in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and were removed to the place where they now are about the year 1700. It is not at all unlikely that the pieces of arras containing the story of David and Abigail are the remains of a * mappa de aryse,* or a set of hangings which Archbishop Warham gave on the occasion of his Metropolitical Visitation in 1530. There are also two high-backed settles and one of the original archae or coffers with three locks and keys, which were provided in obedience to the Statutes (Rubric XXXIII) for the safe keeping of valuables. It stands on one end in a corner of the chamber, and was used to receive the takings of the day as long as the audit continued to be held there.

The same spiral staircase ascends to the chamber in the roof above and thence to the roof. This chamber was the book room or library until Warden Pinke fitted up Fromond's chantry for that purpose. It is known as the cheese room from the circumstance of the yearns stock of cheese having been stored there in the last century. It is now used as a lumber room.

Seventh Chamber, the study for twenty-eight boys underneath

* CC Inventoiy of 1651. * In the Warden's lodgings. Item, Two old pieces of arras containing ye story of David, whereof one is used for a carpet Item. One large piece of arras wrought with roses and crowns. Item, Five other pieces of arras, and a little piece over ye bedstead.*

46

Annals of Winchester College.

Hall \ is what is left of the ancient school-room. Before Seventh Chamber passage was taken out of it in 1689, in order to give access to ' School ' then newly built, it was 45 ft. 6 in. in length. It is 28 ft. 10 in. wide and 15 ft. 3 in. from the present floor to the ceiling. These dimensions give a space of about 250 cubic feet for each of the 80 scholars and commoners who pursued their studies in it*. The floor space, however, was only 15 square feet per scholar. The room was lighted — well lighted — by three windows, one of which has been taken to form the passage above referred to. It was without a fire- place until one was built at the time when it was converted into a dormitory. Christopher Jonson tells us that the ceiling, i. e. the floor of the Hall above, was supported on four oaken posts'; that the raised seats in the windows were designed for the prefects, to the intent that they might overlook the juniors ; that there was a map of the world ^ on the north wall, and some quotations from Quintilian on the east wall ; and that the Wykehamical emblems now in School were painted on the west wall ". Beneath the emblems stood the rostrum, from which pieces were spoken. There were thrones or raised seats (desks is the Eton word) for the Schoolmaster and the Usher. A throne for the schoolmaster was bought in 1655 to replace an older one. * Pro cathedra in schola pro Mro informatore vijs.* is the entry in the bursar's book for that year.

The chapel occupies the rest of the south side of the quad- rangle. The reader should bear in mind that it was designed for a foundation of 105 persons only^ It is 93 ft. long, 30

^ Which is caUed a soUer HaU once or twice in the computus roUs firom the circumstance of its being over this chamber.

' In the case of Public Elementary Schools the Education Code requires a space of eighty cubic feet per ' unit of average attendance.'

' ' Quatuor iliceis fulcris schola nostra quiescit'

* A new one was bought in 1657 for £1 175. 6d.

^ ' Mums ad occasum capit hoc insigne decorum Aut Disce/ &c. • Warden ... 1

There are sixty-four seats in the present choir, which is less than the original one by the breadth of one win- dow.

Fellows .

. 10

Masters

9

Chaplains .

• 3

Lay Clerks

• 3

Scholars .

. 70

Choristers

. 16

105

The Fabric. 47

wide, and 57 high internally. New College chapel, which was designed for a foundation of a similar number of persons^ is 150 ft. long, and proportionably wider and higher.

Of the original design, little is left beyond the four walls and the roof. Even the level of the floor has been altered quite recently by elevating the east end, with the result of dwarfing the reredos and doorway leading to the sacristy. Fortunately the ceiling with its admirable fan tracery, which was imitated two generations later in stone by the architect of King's College, Cambridge, remains, and underwent merely necessary repairs when the outer roof of timber covered with lead was renewed in 1817.

The stalls in the choir, the stained glass in the windows, and the paintings on the walls, are alluded to in the Statutes ^ ; and there is no suflSdent reason for doubting that^ the structure was roofed in, and so far completed by the opening day as to be fit for the performance of Divine service. It has been doubted whether this was the case, from the circumstance of the altar not being consecrated until the latter part of the year 1395 ; but consecration was regarded in the fourteenth century, more perhaps than now, as an act which might be postponed until a convenient season ^ The work of completion and improve- ment went on for several years after the opening.

The choir and sacristy were paved in 1397, and the ante- chapel was paved in 1399, partly with ' pavynston ' and partly with a square red tile made of clay from Famham, which was brought all the way to Otterbome, for the purpose of being made into tiles there.

The principal entrance to the chapel was by the arched door- way between the third and fourth buttresses in Chamber Court, which was built up in 1680. The arms carved on a stone over the arch are the arms of the Uvedale family. The old manor house belonging to that family at Wickham, in Hampshire,

^ Rnbr. xliii.

' As a general rule a church is to be consecrated as soon as may be. But the rioB law supposes that with the consent of the bishop, Divine service may be rformed and the sacraments administered in churches not yet consecrated 3)6on's CodeXy 190). The Church of England, however, has always looked >n the rite of consecration as of the highest necessity. As early as the year '5 a canon of a council at Winchester ordered ut in ecclesiis nisi ab episcopis ksecratis missae non celebrentur (Wilkins, Coftdlia, i. 365).

48 Annals of Winchester College.

became the property of Jonathan Rashleigh, Esq., who pulled it down more than a hundred years ago, and gave the stone to Mr. Pumell, a Fellow of the College, who caused it to be mserted where it now is about the year 1780, and added the inscription Uvedallus Patronus Wiccami '. The Statutes enjoin that a copy of the * cedula ' ' or notice of a forthcoming election of scholars shall be posted on the valvae or folding-doors of this entrance to the chapel. There is another entrance through the sacristy, and a third — the principal one now — from the vestibule, of which presently.

The interior of the Chapel was parted into two unequal por- tions, the choir (chorus) and ante<hapel (capella) by the rood- loft. This was a gallery supported by a transverse beam of oak at a considerable height above the ground ^ Access to the rood-loft was obtained by means of a spiral staircase in the turret on the south side of the building, leading ultimately to the roof. The doorway in the fourth window on that side fixes the exact situation and height of the rood-loft. It was wide enough to hold one of the two organs \ In the gallery stood a lofty rood or cross (patibulum), with the image of the Crucified Saviour upon it, flanked by images of our Lady and St. John. These images were set up in 1415. They were carved and coloured in London, and cost £11 95., including the hire of a room while the paint was hardening, and the cost of packing sheets and carriage.

The following references to them occur in the computus of

Sol. pro sculpture ymaginum B. Mariae Crucifixi et Sti Johannis una cum meremio (timber) empt. pro eisdem Londini quae stare debent in Capella Ixviij" iilj^

' See as to Uils, Chapter vii, note. Since the above sentence was written, the coat of arms has been carved afresh at the expense of G. W. G. Leveson- Gower, Esq., F.S.A., the author of Notices of tht Family of Uvedale^ of Tiisey, Surrey, and Widthantj Hampshin^ which originally appeared in the Surrey Archaeological CoUections.

' This word has come into use again within the last few years to denote bonds of the Argentine Government.

' This beam was renewed in 1476, ' Sol. Will. Assh, Lathomo, laboranti in ecdcsia pro magno heme introducendo et locando le rodelofte, viijW.

* ' SoL Robto Joyner venienti a Sarum pro reparacione oi^ganorum in pulpito iij«. iiij<// occurs in the computus for 1477.

1

The Fabric. 49

£t pro facturi patibuli Crucifixl et pro meremio empt pro eodem zxij"

£t pro picture ymaginum et patibuli sive crucis prae- dictae iiiji z' iiij^

£t pro portatione praedict. ymag. ad manus artificum ad diversa loca Londin. unk cum ezpensis unius hominis pro dictis operibus . ....••••. vij*

Et pro domo conducts ad conservandas ymagines post depictionem . • • • • z^

£t in III ' Cases ' factis de tabulis ad imponendas dictas ymagines cum clavis pro eisdem empt et pro panno lineo pro indempnitate tempore cariagii ziv* ij^

£t pro cariagio praed. ymag. et crucis a Londin. usque Wynton zyj* iiij<*

£t sol. Will. Ikenham pro facturS iij bases ligneorum pro dicta cruce et p'dict ymagin. ponend. xank cum posi- clone earundem supra diet, bases .•«••• zz*

These were the ' ymages ' which, in or about the year 1536, the iconoclast usher Master Ford, if we believe Stryrpe's story*, tied a cord to and pulled down when nobody was looking ; leading, as Strype adds, a dog's life afterwards in consequence. These 'ymages' were destroyed in or about the second year of King Edward VI in consequence of Cranmer's mandate ad amo- vendas etdelendas imagines of February 4, 1547-8*. The rood- loft remained intact until 1572, when it was removed, and a pulpit and choir screen were erected. This pulpit stood against the north wall of the choir. It had a door with hinges and a bolt, and was lined with broad-cloth. The following references occur in the roll of 1572 : —

*Sol. Prowtinge' junctori laborant per zij dies et famulum per zj dies circa pulpita vocat rodelofte capient inter se per diem ziv^ — ziv« vij^.

' Ecdes, Mem. vol. i. pt iii. 174. There is no allusion to the incident in the records of the College, and there is a savour of improbability about it into the barpun.

' Wilkins, Cona'lta, iv. aa. The following was one of the articles to be inquired of at the visitation of the diocese of Canterbury in a Ed. VI : — ' Whether they have not removed, taken away, and utterly destroyed in their churches, chapels, and houses, all images, all shrines, all tables, candlesticks, trindles or rolls of wax, pictures, paintings, and all other ornaments of feigned miracles, pilgrimages, idolatry, and superstition, so that there remains no memory of the same in walls, glass windows, or elsewhere.'

' Still a well-known surname in Winchester.

E

rA; -

50 Annals of Winchester College.

Item apprenticio suo per yj dies ij". Item pro glutino (glue) ij*. Item M*** Burton pro meremio (timber) ij" iiij*. Item Thomae Dowse pro sarratione eiusdem iij*. Item Waltero Powell pro ij les g3anmers

(hinges) et le bolte et ij pannis ad pulpita Item Joh. Dawson

pro amocione magnae trabis a muro * et pro sarracione meremii ad

particionem chori ij' Item Thomae Prowtynge pro composicione

particionis predicte in partem solutionis ix" item Radulpho

junctori pro composicione xij virgat celature (of panelling) in parti- cione chori, per virgat. xx*' — ^xx".'

The high altar was built of chalk faced with hewn stone. From the circumstance of twenty-two ells of linen being required to make six altar-cloths, each of which would consequently be 3f ells or 13 feet 9 inches long, one may infer that this altar was from eleven to twelve feet in length. There were also three inferior altars in the ante-chapel. One must have been the altar of Our Lady. The dedication of the other two is un- certain. Two frontals of white fustyan worked in the centre with a crucifix, the Virgin Mary, and St. John, and powdered with roses, for the high altar, and three other frontals worked in like manner for the inferior altars were bought in 1410 for 655. of John Hall, a mercer in London. Upon the high altar stood the tabernacle of gold given by Henry VI to the College, and an image of Our Lady flanked by two latten (brass) candle- sticks, the %)S!i of Robert Heete. Over it hung the customary pendant oil-lamp. Two tall candlesticks, also of brass, stood in front of the altar *. Over it a diptych, or tablet of two leaves, recording the names of benefactors, was placed in 1408. It was renewed on a larger scale in 1471. ' Sol. pro scriptura trium tabularum stancium super altare in capella cum nominibus et cognominibus benefactorum tarn vivorum quam mortuorum collegii, un^ cum viijd sol. pro lymyng (limming) earundem, et vj<i sol. pro j pelle et dim. de veleme (vellum) empt. pro eisdem

Apparently in consequence of the visitation ordered by

^ In the church of St Cross Hospital the simpler course was adopted of saw> ing away the beam which carried the rood-lofl. The two ends of this beam may still be seen sticking out of the jambs of the chancel arch.

' Inventory. ' Item ij magna candelabra de laton stancia ante summum altare ex ordinacione D°^ Fundatoris. Item ij alia candelabra mediocria stancia ex utraque parte summi altaris coram ymagine beate Marie ex dono Rob^* Heete . . . item yj alia candelabra ex ordinacione D°i Fundatoris pro altaribus in Capella.*

i

The Fabric. 51

Edward VI in September, 1547, the high altar was taken down in 1548, but was immediately rebuilt*. This altar and the inferior altars were demolished in 1551, after Bishop Gardiner's deprivation. ' Sol. W^<* Foxe et duobus aliis laborantibus per ij dies circa altaria demolienda vij".' They were rebuilt on Queen Mary's accession : — ' Sol. lapidariis pro erectione al- tarium xij". vij^. . • . pro veste canabin^ ad tegenda altaria x«.' and were demolished again in 156a' by order of Bishop Home'. Six days' labour 'in selyng loca altarium in nave terapli'— in 'ceiling' or rendering in plaster the places where the inferior altars had stood, cost 65. 8^. in that year. In the year 1567, a payment to Will. Joyner occurs of £5 125. orf. for seventy-two yards of wainscot (operis tabulati) at ^^d. per yard, and 6s. 8^. additional for labour, used at the east end of the chapel. The crucifix which had been set up under Queen Mary was demolished at the time when the altars were done away with. Will. Joyner receiving 2orf. for the job, which occupied two days; and a communion table was provided in obedience to the injunctions of Edward VI, which Queen Elizabeth renewed on her accession, ' such a one as might be set on sacrament days in some convenient place near where the altar formerly stood.' This table was replaced by another in 1636, and communion rails were provided, in obedience to Laud's injunctions. At the same time the whole of the east end of the chapel, up to the sill of the east window, was wainscoted over the reredos. ' Pro le Vindscot [siir] rail, et mensa in capell^ btxijW is an entry in the bursar's book for 1637. The rails were taken down and put away out of sight before the time of the Parliamentary Visitation. In 1662 they were replaced, and the altar was rebuilt of stone. ' Sol. Wiccham removenti '

^ ' Sol. Radulpho Smyth pro x bigat. albae terrae pro summo altari, per bigat. ▼*. — iiij". ij<>. Et eidem pro cariagio x bigat lapidum xx*. Item. Alex" Whyt pro cariagio x bigat. albae terrae J5. Item Horker laboranL v dies et dim. circa composicionem muri ante summum altare (its facing of stone) capient. per diem ix^. iiij*. ij^. Item filio suo laboranti v dies capient per diem v*'. ij". id »

' Strype says that the altars in Westminster Abbey were demolished April i6, 1561.

* The cast end of the Chapel of New College was ordered by Bishop Home as visitor of that College to be plastered over about the same time. The reredos •■emained hidden under its covering of plaster till the Society discovered it in 1789.-

E 2

5a Annals of Winchester College.

' le wainscot juxta sacram mensam j» : George erigenti altare ij* x» : pro lapidibus in eodem opere xiv" iiij^ : pro erectione les rayles juxta sacram mensam iiij« vj<*' are entries in the accounts for that year.

The reredos, /rows summi aJiaris, which the late Sir William Erie restored in the belief that he was restoring Wykeham's work, was erected in 1470-1. The donor's name is unknown. The workmen were allowed their commons in the College hall during the ninety weeks which it took to erect it, and Messyng- ham, the artist who decorated it and coloured the 'ymages' in the niches mainly at the expense of Thomas Hylleand Richard Rede, was paid £7 13s. 4^.*

Thomas Hylle (Sch. 1457-63) was a Fellow of New College at the time, and became a Prebendary of Lincoln in i486; Richard Rede was porter of Wolvesey Castle. Traces of Messyngham's colours are visible here and there on the reredos. It is not known what the images were. They had a coat of whitewash in 1560— * Sol. Joh. Sparkeford pro dealba- tione ymaginum in templo yj"* — and were removed in the Parliamentary Visitation. The crucifix over the central canopy was destroyed in 1562. The reredos itself was fortunately pre- served, owing to its being concealed by the oaken panelling with which it was covered in 1567.

Of the original fittings, the row of black oak stalls with miserere seats ' along each side of the choir, is all that remains. These had 'batylments* or pinnacled canopies originally. There were benches for the scholars and choristers, and a separate bench for the commoners is referred to. The occu- pants of the stalls knelt on ' buttes ' or hassocks, the rest on siorecLe or mats of sedge. There were four reciores chori or rulers of the choir, of whom the sacrist for the time being was one, who knelt on ' rondelets,* and bore wands tipped with silver and painted with vermilion.

In the computus rolls of the fifteenth century allusions occur to the Sepulchre, a wooden structure draped with cloth, which was erected on the north side of the chancel near the altar at

^ *In solut. Mess3mgham in completa solucione pro picturi ymaginum in fonilis summi altaris, ultra xx« dat per Thomam Hylle et vj^ dat per Ric. Rede et solut. eidem anno preterito, xiij" iiijV

' The various designs beneath the miserere seats are very curious both for the beauty of the carving and the ludicrous figures which some of them exhibit

The Fabric. 53

represent the tomb wherein the body of Christ Jiial. The three-branched candlestick used for ferred to in the computus of 4 Hen. VI : — 'Sol. pro zxiiij pynnes ferreis pro cruce triangulari mdelis infigend. tribus noctibus ante pascham,

walls on either side of the choir were cased in cost of £77 4s. od. The work was done by a

John Harris, of Holywell in Oxford, under ch stipulated that the wainscot should be of the rd oak, reaching up to the sills of the windows, ■ to that covering the reredos at the east end.

15s. per yard. Harris and his people had their , and 205. was allowed toward the cost of carriage

en, replacing the one which was put up when the demolished, was the work of another Oxford 1 Harris, in 1639-40. It was wrought in pollard the sides of the choir, and had a cornice and Vt the same time a border or skirting of oak 26 in. ^ round the floor of the ante-chapel, and seats there for the ladies of the College, who were with matting for their feet. ' Pro stored aeu a confecta, substernenda pedibus mulierum in ;xtra chorum in capelU' occurs in the accounts

creen was removed in the Parliamentary Visita- epiaced in 1658 by one which cost £70, and in the the cornice round the choir was renewed and sf wainscot was erected at a total cost of £20

A^arden Nicholas removed the stalls to the ante- e floor with squares of black and white marble, ; ante-chapel, and erected a reredos of wainscot imns of the Ionic order ; in short, converted the

; the sepulcbre, a groat ' occurs in the accounts of Waltham

J .,,.,_. rbere is a beautirul example of a pennanent one in stone at

Meckington in Lincolnshire. ' Dutch b^d, ' a table.* A flat top or entablature. Hence the upper part of a •'s stcni, which is flat like n table at the top, ii called the taffercL

54 ' Annals of Winch

chapel into a comfortable sevente it at this stage will be found in College of Wiitchester. It was de; Butteriield being the architect ei seventeenth- century carved work on this occasion, and either givi who designed it for a private < recently found a resting-place ii Bishop of Winchester at Fan miserere seats were replaced in tl oak were provided throughout, th eastwards — an uncollegiate arranj supervision. Most of the ancieni time. Those which now lie on si; fore the altar are from rubbings were given by Dr. Edwin Freshfie ing Body,

Sir William Erie restored the n statues in the niches, representing St. Stephen, St. Augustine of Hip James, St. Alban, St, Augustin of Archbishop of Maintz, with Wyki right, and Alfred the Great on ths ster, were given by the assistant r in 1876-8.

The first lectern mentioned in Another, of which the stand is pr was made in London in 1686 by c The present eagle was given by tl

The chief feature of the chape window. It is 40 ft, high by 24 ft and of seven lights divided by a 1 The muUions are carried from I lights on each side of the central 1 tracery in which resembles that upper part of the central light is a very irregular quatrefoil '.

The figure of Jesse recumbent <

three lights. A vine springs fror

> Woodward's Hat

The Fabric. 55

are his offspring in the faith. On the right are Richard II adoring St. John, and Wykeham doing homage to the Virgin and Child ; and on the left is Edward adoring the Holy Trinity and the Salutation. Little figures of Simon Membury, Wyke- ham's treasurer, William Wynford the chief mason, the master carpenter, and the master glazier, are introduced at the head and feet of Jesse. In the series above, the central light con- tains David with his harp, flanked by Absalom, Nathan, and Elisha on the right, and Ammon, Samuel, and Elijah on the left. In the series next below the transom are Solomon with a model of the temple in his lap (imitated in' the statue of Henry VI in Eton College Chapel), with Abia, Jehoshaphat, and Micah on the right, and Rehoboam, Asa, and Isaiah on the left. The central light above the transom contains the Virgin Mary with the infant Jesus, and above them the Saviour cruci- fied. On the right in three lines are Hezekiah, Joash, Amon ; Zerubbabel, Manasseh, Daniel ; St. John, Jeremiah, Malachi ; and on the left Joram, Jotham, Jeremiah ; Ahaz, Josiah, Eze- kiel; the Virgin Mary, Zedekiah, Zachariah. In the tracery above the Crucifixion are St. Peter, St. Paul, and the Resur- rection.

The four windows on the north side, beginning at the west end, contain the following figures : —

First window : above, St. Nicholas, St. Mary, St. Thomas of Canterbury,; below, St. Swithun, St. Dunstan, St. Birinus. Second window : above, St Christopher, St. Edmund, St. George ; below, St. Augustin of Hippo, St. Wulstan, St. Law- rence. Third window: above, Joel, Haggai, Zephaniah; be- low, St. Philip, St. Bartholomew, St. Matthew. Fourth window : above, Ezekiel, Zachariah, Obadiah ; below, St. Matthias, St. Simon, St. Jude.

South side, beginning at the east end : —

First window : above, Isaiah, David, Jeremiah ; below, St. Peter, St. Andrew, St. James the Less. Second window : above, Daniel, Hosea, Amos ; below, St. John, St. Thomas, St. James the Great. Third window: above, St. Martin of Tours, St. Edward the Confessor, St. Athelwold ; below, St. Leonard, St. Oswald, St. Giles. Fourth window: above, St. Stephen, St. Timothy ; below, St Anne, St. Mary Magdalen. Under each

56 Annals of Winchester College.

figure is its name, and along the foot of each window runs the following inscription in medieval characters : —

ORATE PRO WILLO DE WYKEHAM

EPO WINTONIENSI

FFUNDATORE ISTIUS COLLEGII.

The computus rolls and bursar's books are full of items relating to the mending of these windows, which were not pro- tected as now by wire screens * ; and by the time of the Com- monwealth they were in a dilapidated condition, so much so that in 1650 an entry occurs of payments to a mason and glazier for mending them so as to keep out the starlings '. But they never suffered from wilful violence, like the windows of the Cathedral in Puritan times.

The glass of the east window was taken out in 1821, packed in boxes and sent to Shrewsbury, to be restored by Sir John Betton. His firm of Betton and Evans renewed nearly all this glass at a cost of £400, and it was replaced in 1823 at a cost, including conveyance from Shrewsbury, of £102 155. od} The eight side windows were renewed by the same firm in 1826-8 at a cost of £ 1067. The new glass is believed to be a very good copy of the old ; but, if one may judge from a comparison with a little of the old glass that is left in the heads of the windows, it is inferior to it in richness of colour. One or two lights of the old glass are preserved in the South Kensington Museum.

The first organ or ' pair of organs ' aspirare et adesse choris erat utilis . . . and no more. A notion of its size may be formed from the fact of six scholars carrying it to Bishop's Waltham in 1399, when Wykeham borrowed it during a stay of his there.

^ It has recently been found necessary to ' double glaze ' those on the south side in order to exclude the wet.

' ' SoL vitreatori pro opere circa fenestras capellae excludendis stumis ij". vj^. ... pro visco capiendis iisdem sturnis ij^. . . . Sol. Sharpe tegulatori adjuvanti vitreatorem in ezcludend. stumis ij*. vj<i.

' The glass which was taken out of the west window of New College chapel, when the window by Sir Joshua Reynolds was inserted, was sent to Win- chester to be employed as far as practicable in the reparation of the chapd windows there. In consequence of the decision of the Society to renew instead of repairing the chapel windows, the chests containing the glass from New Col- lege remained in the cloisters unopened. Winston saw it there in 1845. It was granted in 1850 for the decoration of the east window of Bradford Peverel chnrch, where some of it may now be seen. ^

The Fabric. 57

It remained there till 1407, when William Wyke (afterwards a Fellow of the College) brought it back. In the mean time the Society had supplied its place with one which was bought in London for £6 13^. 4^/., so that from 1407 onwards they had two organs. One stood in the choir, the other in the rood-loft. Cardinal Beaufort borrowed one to go to Farnham Castle in 1415, and in 1420 one was sent to Highclere, another of the Bishop of Winchester's seats.

' In panno lineo empt pro organis Coll. cOoperiend. et cariand. ad Clere xz^. In ij bacillis fraxineis pro eisdem organis portand. viij*^. In rewardo servientibus cariant. diet organa xz*. In expensis Will. Wyke et aliorum portant. diet organa a Clere xx^.'

In 1498 both organs were repaired.

'Pro comunis Walteri organorum fabricatoris et servientis sui laborantium in emendaeione ij parium organorum cum ilij follibus per viij septimanas, cum xx^ pro carbonibus et focalibus et xij<^ pro candelis— xviij* viij*.'

In 1520 John Webbe, a Fellow of the College, gave an organ which cost £13 6s. 'jd. It stood on the ground on the north side of the choir. There was a large outlay upon it in 1542 : —

'Sol. Edmundo Popingay pro diversis operibus pro organis et follibus eonmdem xvij" viij*. Et pro xiij pellibus ovinis pro organis ij* viij*. Et pro duobus serratoribus, cum iij* dim. pro j lb brasyll et auripigmenti (stain and gold paint) pro organis xj* dim. Et pro yj lb glutini xvj*. Item pro j boxe pro le stoppe organorum iiij". In solut Nlcolao junctori et famulo laborantibus v dies circa organa ij* xj* et pro eorum comunis xx*. Et in solut. Will. Dore, organiste, pro renovacionibus organorum v^ Et pro eius comunis a x die Februarii usque ad xvi diem Julii xxxi* x*. Et pro comunis famuli sui per xx septimanas xxiij" iiij*.'

In 1567 this organ had to be mended, in consequence of damage done by the lay clerks and choristers.

'Sol. Gualtero Powell pro quibusdam ferramentis (clamps) ad presexvacionem organorum in choro damnificatorum per clericos et cboristas ix*.'

Repairs to the amount of £3 65. 6d. were done in the following year, and in 1637 it was repaired by Mr. Barrow, at a cost of £80 128, 6d., and beautified externally at a cost of £32. This, the great organ, as well as the choir organ, disappeared from the inventory in 1647, and remained concealed until the Restora-

58 Annals of Winchester College.

tion. In 1661 there is an entry of £26 paid to one (name not given) who put the organ in order. Three years later it was rebuilt by Thomas Harris, of Salisbury, at a cost of £154 6s. 5^. The new pipes were cast on the floor of the upper muniment room : —

£ s.d. Mason and labourer, two days erecting furnace, and for

three loads of sand to place it on 068

Hayward, carpenter, making moulds for the pipes (fistulae

organicae) 080

The same, mending the organ case 2 10 0

It was again rebuilt by Renatus Harris in 1684-5, ^^ ^^ present position in the second window on the north side of the choir, at a cost of £225. His autograph receipt for £75, the balance of this sum, is preserved in the muniment room. Further repairs were done by Green, of London, in 1804. The present organ was built by Bishop and Son in 1875, and has been enlarged and improved by Hill and Son since.

The Statutes make no provision for an organist. At first, one of the lay clerks seems to have played the organ \ The first regular organist, Robert Mose, whose name occurs in the bursar's book of 1542, had a salary of £5 per annum ; and a sum of £4 or £5 a year continued to be the salary of the organist for more than a hundred years. The name of Haw- kyns occurs in the computus roll of 1548. The next organist whose name is recorded, Thomas Weelkes, published a volume of madrigals in 1600. His successor, William Emes, died in 1637. It is needless to add that there was no organist under the Commonwealth, when the organ itself was put out of sight George King, who became organist on the Restoration, died in 1665, and is buried in the Cloisters. Pickaver, his successor, re- ceived £4 95. 6d, in 1665 in payment for an instrument of music called * le harpselen,' in the bursar's book for that year ; probably a harpsichord, or some form of the instrument referred to by Evel3m ' thirty years later as a newly-invented instru- ment which was exhibited to the Royal Society, ' being a harp- sichord with gut strings, sounding like a concert of viols with

^ According to Christopher Jonson, 'Vindicat et trinum numenun sibi clericus unus organa qui facili percurrit dissona dextra.* "^

• Diary, Oct. 5, 1694.

I

i

1

The Fabric. 59

an organ, made vocal with a wheel and a zone of parchment that rubbed horizontally against the strings.* Mr. Pickaver died in 1678. His successor, Geffrys, died or retired in 1681. John Reading, who had been organist of the Cathedral, vice Randolph Jewett, since 1675, gave up that appointment in order to succeed Geffrys, and Daniel Rosingrave filled the vacancy at the Cathedral. In Reading's time the organist's salary was raised from £5 to £50 per annum. Reading com- posed the music of Domum \ the Election Grace, and Jam lucis orto sidere. He died in 1692, and is believed to have been buried in the Cloisters. His successor, Jeremiah Clarke, resigned, and was followed by John Bishop in 1695. He composed the music of the every day Grace, and the hymn Te de profundis, summe Rex. In 1729 he succeeded Vaughan Richardson as organist of the Cathedral, and held both appointments till 1737, when ' ad caelestem chorum placide migravit,' in the language of his epitaph in the Cloisters. Bishop's successor, James Kent, whose portrait hangs in the Hall, was born in Winchester about the year 1700, and died in 1776. Some of his anthems are still performed. He retired shortly before his death in favour of his pupil, James Fussell, a native of Winchester, who composed variations to Domum, which are printed in Hartnonia Wykehamica, His successor was that eminent composer, Dr. Chard, who died May 23, 1849, aged 84, and is buried in the Cloisters. After a short interval filled by Mr. Benjamin Long, who died November 20, 1850, and is also buried in the Cloisters, came that great musician, Samuel Sabastian Wesley, whom a salary of £80 per annum did not tempt to remain in Winchester when a vacancy for an organist occurred at Gloucester in 1865. All Wykehamists of the present generation appreciate the merits of his successor, Mr. WiUiam Hutt.

^ 'Domum* was written, according to an old tradition, by a boy of the name of Turner, when for some offence he was confined to the College during the holidays. According to some he was chained to a pillar in the Cloisters (where there happen to be no pillars) or to a post which formerly stood on the spot where Domum tree was afterwards planted. Archdeacon Heathcote {Hartnonia Wykthamica, iSii) says that the authenticity of the tradition may perhaps be doubted, for that a boy should write a song expressive of his joy at going home when he was confined for the holidays appears highly improbable. He thinks it more likely that, having been confined to the College during the whole of one vacation, the boy was so overjoyed at the approach of the next vacation that he wrote this song.

6o Annals of Winchester College.

An arched doorway, now dwarfed by the raising of the east end of the choir, leads into the Sacristy. Over it, ap- proached by a turret staircase leading ultimately to the roof, is the muniment room, a fireproof chamber, containing in oaken presses, ornamented with the linen pattern, the charters of the College and title-deeds of its landed estates. Ancient coffers round the walls contain the computus rolls and other records, some of them dating back to the opening of the College. The ceiling is vaulted, and springs from supporters representing an archbishop, a bishop, and a king, the fourth figure over the door being that of a guardian angel. The floor is of square tiles of the early part of the fifteenth century. Over this chamber is another, known to the boys as ' Bogey hole,' the upper muniment room, in which the organ pipes were cast in 1664, containing a quantity of steward's accounts, old counter- part leases, &c., and recent title-deeds.

The present entrance to the Chapel is through the vestibule ^ or porch (la vyse) which leads to the Cloisters. Here the vestments in every-day use were kept prior to the Reformation. Aumries or coffers for holding these vestments were provided in the year 1399, William Ikenham, the carpenter, receiving £2 for wages and materials, and 25. iirf. more for 'zoundys' (fish sounds) 'pro glutino inde faciendo pro almariis' to make glue for these coffers.

The Crimean Memorial on the west side of the vestibule was designed by Mr. Butterfield in 1858. It consists of a plinth with an arcade of five Early English arches. The shafls of the columns are of polished marble and the capitals are angels. I print the inscription, which is by Warden Barter, on the opposite page.

The way to the cloisters lies through the vestibule, past the base of the tower and the Stewart Memorial, which was erected in 1885 in memory of General Sir Herbert Stewart, one who had been a scholar and a commoner, and died of a wound received at the battle of Metammeh in that year.

It is in form a gateway from a design by Messrs. Bodley and Garner. The inscriptions on it are : * In memoriam Herbert! Stewart, anno domini mdccclxxxv ' and ' Laetare juvenis ado- lescenti«l tufi et in bono sit cor tuum in diebus juveiWfis

^ Vcstibulum, vestiarium, sacristia. Ducange. ,

62 Annals of Winchester College.

tuae ; et scito, quod pro omnibus his adducet te Deus in ju- dicium '.'

The chapel tower will be described in Chapter XI 1 1. At the time when the College was opened, a clochier or belfry was in course of erection on its site. This clochier is a conspicuous object in the quaint birds-eye view of Winchester College circa 1465, that appears in the right hand top comer of the picture of Wykeham in the College Hall, and in Chandler's MS. Life of JVykekant, which is preserved in the Library of New College. It was a circular structure of stone or flint, apparently surmounted by a spire with a weather-cock, not unlike the spire of Old St. Paul's, which was erected in 1222. The substructure appears to have been finished and the timbers of the spire in their places on the opening day. It was leaded in 1397-8. Wykeham supplied the lead from his stores at Wolvesey. The plumber's wages for casting* and lajring it, 185. srf., were paid by the College ; and four thousand * led nayles,' three hundred ' bord nayles,' and thirty-four pounds of pewter (solder) were used. There were four bells at first in this belfry. A fifth, the great bell, was given by Warden Cleve. A sixth was added by Mr. J. D. Walford after the tower was rebuilt. All of them, except the last, have been recast, some more than once. The inscrip- tions on the present six bells are as follows : —

I. DEO DANTE DEDIT. J. D. WALFORD, M.A, 1866. MEARS AND STAINBANK, FOUNDERS, LONDON. II. IF WITH MY FELLOWS I AGREE THEN LISTEN TO : FRANCES FOSTER. 1659: MY HARMONIE.

III. I. W. 1593. CELESTES AUDITE SONOS MORTALES.

IV. R. PHILLIPS. FECIT. I737. V. A. U. E. G. R. A. C. I. A.

VI. THE WARDEN . OF THE COLLEDGE . NEARE. WINCHESTER . JOHN HARIS [sic].

References also occur to the 'kettle-bell,' which appears to

* Rejoice, O young man, in thy youth, and let thy heart cheer thee in the days of thy youth ; but know thou that for all these things God will bring thee into judgment* — Ecc. xi. 9.

' Milled lead is a modem invention. Roofing lead used to be cast, that is to say, melted and poured on a flat surface, then ' wiped ' to the required thinness. Organ pipes are still made in this way. Cast lead for roofing purposes is preferred by many as more durable.

The Fabric. 63

have hung over against the Hall staircase, and was used to call the Society to meals.

The original clock was fixed in this belfry. The first reference to it occurs in the year 1404. No doubt Wykeham gave it in that year : — ' In cordulis empt pro cloccfi iiij^. Sol. cuidam clerico pro gubernacione cloccse yj^. viij^*.' Quarterly charges for oiling and regulating it occur regularly from this date. It exhausted the patience of the Society, and in the year 1660 ^ was replaced by the present clock, which, like its predecessor, has no face, and is wound daily. The belief of the juniors that it is made of wood is unfounded.

We now reach the cloisters. Their walls, like the rest of the original fabric, are founded on piles in consequence of the treacherous nature of the subsoil. They form a square, the length of each side being about one hundred feet, and the length of each side of the included area, or graveyard, being about eighty feet. The tracing in the open three-light windows round this area (nine on each side) is very good perpendicular*. The roofs, which are covered with Purbeck stone-slates, are of plain segmental arched timber, ingenious in design, but needing to be kept from spreading by transverse iron ties. It is stated in Messrs. Warren and Sons' excellent Handbook to Winchester, that the absence of cob-webs (which is a fact) has been attributed to the circumstance of the timbers being Irish oak ; but the spiders are kept down by the bats and swallows which haunt the place, and there seems to be no great occasion to ascribe to Irish oak a virtue which the oak of the sister island is not known to possess '. Beneath the windows on the four sides of the square are the stone seats on which the boys sat when school was held there during the summer months. The summer term is called ' cloister time ' for this reason. Holes for a game resembling nine men's morris, or fox and geese, will be found here and there on the seats where

^ ' SoL M'v Davies automatario (clockmaker) pro novo confecto horologio et pro concentu campanili (the chiming apparatus) xxxiiij^^.'

* Woodward, i. 185,

* Rihadaneira afiSrms that St. Patrick did so free Ireland of all venomous beasts that none could ever since breed or live there ; and that even the very wood has a virtue against poison, ' so that it is reported of King's College, Cambridge, that being built of Irish wood no spider doth ever come near it.' Fuller says that Westminster Hall is built ' of cobwebless beams, because con- ceived of Irish oak.*

64

Annals of Winchester College.

the scholars sat The stone-work bears many carved names of former scholars, but none of a very early date. ' Thos, Ken, 1656/ occurs twice ; ' Francis Turner^ 1655/ was cut on another stone close by, which has been taken out. These cloisters have been the burial-place of those connected with the College for nearly five centuries. They are full of brasses and mural tablets, the oldest brass being one to the memory of William Clyfl^ first chaplain of Fromond's Chantry Chapel, who died March 24, 1433-4. This chapel, which stands in the green of the cloisters^ will be described in Chapter IX. It was planted round with fir trees in 1674. A doorway (now walled up) in the south-west comer led into Meads by a descent of two or three steps, show- ing how much the level of the ground within has been raised artificially. In the year 1450 nine tons {dolia) of ragstone for these steps were bought of one Henry Philpotts. They cost 23*^. including boatage from the Isle of Wight to Wood Mill *.

* Bishop of Rochester, 1683 ; of Ely, 1684 ; deprived, 1689. ' On the river Itchen above St Denys. The point at which the river ceases to be tidal.

CHAPTER V.

The Statutes.

Publication in 14CX1. — Extant copies. — Members of the Foundation. — The scholars. — How elected. — ^Annual supervision. — King's letters. — ^The Warden. — ^Thc Fellows. — The Choristers. — The Vicewarden and Sacrists. — ^The Bursars. — ^The Schoolmaster and Usher. — Commons. — Hall. — Strangers excluded. — Sumptuary Regulations. — Stipends. — Liveries. — Prayers and Services. — Regulations touching Estates. — Common Seal and Chest. — Distribution of Chambers. — Annual Progress and Audit. — Boy* bishop. — Conclusion.

The Statutes have not hitherto been published', probably because of the injunction to secrecy which they contain. This, the best-obeyed perhaps of all Wykeham's injunctions, used to afford a convenient answer to the class of people who scire va- hintsecreiadomUs, and baffled the interrogatories of Brougham's Education Committee in 1818.

. The fact of Henry VI transcribing Wykeham's Statutes — Bishop Lowth says without any material alteration — for his new foundation at Eton, is at once evidence of their merit and of the high estimation in which they were held at the time. Wykeham spared no pains to make them complete, keeping the original draft at hand, and making such emendations and additions as seemed desirable from time to time. 'This is evident,' says Lowth, *in the case of New College, from an ancient draft of those Statutes, in which the many alterations, corrections, and additions made in the margin show clearly how much pains the Founder bestowed upon this important work.' No such draft as this is extant at Winchester, but some of the additions to Wykeham's original draft, e.g. the exception to the rule against harbouring strangers in College, which is tacked on at the end of Rubric XVI, are easily distinguishable. It was not until the College had been open more than six years, and

^ Appendix XI.

66 Annals of Winchester College,

Wykeham's health was becoming precarious ', that he made up his mind to promulgate the Statutes in their final form, the form in which we have them now, reserving, however, power to alter them as long as he lived. On September ii, 1400, his com- missioners, John de Campeden ', Robert Keton *, and Walter Awde *, read them before the Society assembled in the Chapel of the College, and then administered the oath of fidelity and secrecy to all those who were of age to take it •.

The names of those who took the oath on this memorable occasion are recorded. Only thirty-six scholars were sworn ; the remainder were under fifteen years of age (Rubric V).

^ He survived the publication of his Statutes four years. But it may have been hurried on for that reason ; for there are signs here and there of the want of a final revision. For instance, Richard II is mentioned as King in Rubric XXIX, though he had been dead some months at the time when the publication of the Statutes took place.

' Archdeacon of Surrey and Master of St. Cross Hospital. One of Wyke> ham's most trusted agents, and one of the executors of his will. In the year 1384 he rebuilt the tower of the church of St. Cross Hospital, and renewed the roof of the chancel and aisle at a vast expense. His brass within the com- munion rails in the church is perhaps the finest monumental brass in Hampshire.

' Chancellor of the diocese of Winchester. Wykeham bequeathed to him a legacy of plate to the value of £26 135. 4c/. He bequeathed to the College his law library, consisting of : —

Liber Decretorum value

Liber Decretalium ,•

Casuarius Bemardus super Decretal. Hcnricus de Segusio super Decretal.

Alius doctor super Decretal

Liber sextus Decretalium cum glosa

Uber Clementinus cum glosd et Tractatus de

Electione

Alius Liber de Institut. Clement. . Speculum Judiciale

I

0

5. 96

8

0 0

33

6

4 0

10

0

0

I

0

0

I

10

0

I

10

0

I

0

0

a

0

0

^19 16 o

' In solut. Joh. Colman cooperienti et reparanti diversos libros legatos CoUegio per SC^B Rob^"* Keton, cum vij* vj pro j duodenft et di. cathenarum pro eisdem libris et aliis cathenandis, x^' iiij<^ ' occurs in 9 H. VI. Ketones brother John was precentor of St. Mary's, Southampton, and had a legacy of ;£^2o under Wykeham's will.

* Rector of Calboume. A legatee of (jaa under Wykeham's will.

» * In exp. Mrt Joh. de Campeden, Rob" Keton et M'* Walt. Awde exxsten- cium ibidem cum eorum familia et equis quorundam eorum per ij dies pro novis statutis legendiset promulgandis, necnonjuramentis custodis sociorum scolaHum te serviencium eiusdem Coll. recipiendis, xxviij*.'

The Statutes.

67 ■

John Morys, custos.

Thomas Romesye*, Mag.

Thomas Turke, vice custos.

Scolarium.

John More

John Huet, Hostiarius.

John Dyrley

John Hende

Capellani

John Brom

Richard Stanstede

■ Conduc-

John Assh

Socii

Nicholas Newbury

titu.

Richard Brakkele V Capel-

Richard Mathon, in loco. Dia-

John Clere lani.

coni

Adam Walkelayn ,

John Porter \ Clerici Nicholas North i Capellae.

Stephen Anstyswell |

John Frensach

/

SCUOLABS. DlOCBSB OR PLACK.

John Preston Sarum.

Thomas Warenner Winchester.

Reginald Warenner .... „

Thomas Halle „

Walter ColsMra3m Hensting.

William Towker Bishopstoke.

William Langrede Basingstoke.

William Kygyl Southampton.

John Kyppyng Ringwood.

John Mone Havant.

Robert Maydekyn . Liddington.

Robert Dorking Surrey.

Richard Kempsey Bodicote.

William Busshe Newbury.

William Bradewell Abingdon.

Richard Archer East Hendred.

Thomas Moordon Ludgershall.

Thomas Baylemond .... Grafton, Wilts.

Walter Hykendon Wilton.

Robert Couche Lye, Wilts.

William Postebury Wells.

Laurence Martin Frome.

John Kyng Hounslow.

' Who had succeeded the unfortunate Milton about sax months after the opening day. In the Library Catalogue in the Vetus Registrum a book on j rammar, called 'Fenrum,' from that being its first word, like the <as in ] raesenti/ is said to be his gift. Perhaps he was the author. It appears from I le computus of 1399 that the College was at the expense of transcribing it : — ' n pergameno empt. pro quodam libro vocat Ferrum, continenti xij quaternos, i ' viij<*. In solut. Petro scriptori (Peter de Cheeshill) pro scripturft dicti libri i partem solucionis xiii» iiij** — vj» viij<*.'

F2

68 Annals of Winchester College.

Scholars. Diocesb ok Place.

William Dacombe Sherston.

William Norton, major .... Kenton, Devon.

Henry Adam Southam.

Roger Ffaryngdon Farington, Lancashire.

Robert Quyntyn Hull.

Edward Overdon Staffordshire.

John Clerk Hyde, Winchester.

Ralph de Broghton .... Hants.

John Cugge Buriton.

William Kyngham . • . . . Kingham.

John Morgan Blandford.

John Baylyf Whitchurch, Glouc.

John Hanyngton Hannington.

This, the final edition of Wykeham's Statutes, consists of forty-six clauses, called rubrics, from the circumstance of their titles being in red ink. The sealed copy which was delivered to the Society on this occasion is preserved in the muniment room. It is bound in doeskin. The leaves are 15 J by 11 J inches, and they are twenty-six in number, besides blank or fly- leaves. The writing is very clear, in black, with blue and red capitals, and illuminated headings. The Founder's seal, im- pressed in brown wax, and further protected by a wrapper of silk cloth, is appended by green and red strings to the volume*. With it is a similar copy of the Statutes of New College. Another copy, known as Heete's copy, was made in the year 1424, at the expense of Robert Heete, a Fellow of the College, for the purpose of being kept in the vestry, or antechapel, in obedience to Rubric XIII, and Archbishop Arundel's injunc- tion '. After the Reformation it was kept in First Chamber, but was taken away about the year 1788, in consequence of the boys writing in it. The volume, which was repaired and bound by Zaehnsdorf in 1890, contains a copy of the Statutes of both Colleges, and the ' Tractatus de prosapia, vita, et gestis reve- rendi patris et domini Domini Willelmi de Wykeham '.' The leaves, 13J by 9 inches, are ninety-nine in number. A list of subscribers to the building of the ' School ' i^ entered in the fly- leaves at the end of the volume. The writir^g and binding, with

^ The vellum for this copy cost los., and the writing^ and binding, 6s. 8c^. < In sol. pro libro statutorum scribendo x*. . . . Sol. sc;Hptori pro statutis p'dicL scribendis, unA cum ligacione eiusdem yj* viij * (comp^utus of 1400).

■ Chapter viii. ' Moberly, Appendix E.

The Statutes. 69

the parchment, cost Heete the sum of 265. 8rf.* There is a third copy on vellum, belonging to the library, which is in per- fect preservation, and a fourth on paper, which a Fellow of the

* Heete also gave to the College a quantity of church plate and vestments ; also his library, and a cross of copper gilt and a pastoral staff for the boy-bishop

on Innocents Day. His deed of gift, dated on Michaelmas Day, a Hen. VI, is

preserved in the muniment room. His library comprised : — s tL

An Ordinal valued at o a6 8

A Portiforium parvum, ad usum sociorum

missorum in negotiis CoU. ... „ o 90 o

A Manual „ o 13 4

Another „ o 16 8

A Gradual „ o 96 8

An Epistolary „ o 53 4

A Missal for use in Third Chamber „ o 90 o

A Bible for the use of one of the Fellows . „ 400

A Glossary of St. Mark .... „ o 10 o

Peter Tarentinus on the Holy Eucharist „ o 13 4

A Psalter, with notes .... „ o 30 o Another, with the 'De Cur&' from the

< Summa Godefridi ' .... ,, o 30 o

Innocentius super Decretal. . . ,, o 93 4

Liber Decretal. Antiquus .... „ o 15 o

Causarium Bemardi super Decret et Decretal. „ o 90 o Simon Gratianus super Decret., cum tractatu

Valerini de auctoritate biblie ... „ o 10 o

' Parisienses per totum annum/ &c. „ o 30 o

Bonaventura de vita et passione Christi „ o 13 4

Pastorals of Gregory the Great ... „ o 53 4

Albertanus of Brescia de dilectione Dei . „ 0x00

The Revelation of St Bridget ,, o 33 4

Pupilla Oculi, for the use of one of the Fellows „ o 40 o

Inventorium juris Canonici, &c. . . . „ o 90 o Ricardus de Rosis de Epistolis secundum

consuetudinem curie Romane „ o 13 4

Sunmia Confessorum . . * . . „ o 40 o

Summa Raymundi Canoniste ... „ o 13 4

Summa Godfridi de Fontanis ... „ o 13 4

Isidore de Summo Bono .... „ o 13 4

Miracula B. Virginis „ o 10 o

'Januenses per totum annum* ... „ o 96 8

Fasciculus Morum „ 068

Sermones Dominicales .... „ 034 Liber continens diversas matcrias morales

et liber vocat ' Binnell ' . . . . „ 068

Uber Sermonum „ o 10 o

Repertorium », o 20 o

Another copy » o 10 o

Ditto 7) o 13 4

70

Annals of Winchester College.

r

College named Larke* bequeathed for the use of those who should occupy after him his study over First Chamber. Yet another copy exists, which Warden Nicholas transcribed for the use of his successors in the Wardenship.

Inasmuch as the Statutes are printed verbatim in the Ap- pendix, no more than a summary of them is attempted in this chapter.

Rubric I. — Of the total number of scholars — derkSf and other persons. A warden, seventy scholars, ten fellows, three chap- lains, and three lay clerks. The warden and fellows are to be freeholders (perpetut) ; the chaplains and lay clerks dre to be conductitii^ ac eciam remotivi, — without vested interests, and liable to removal. There is also to be a schoolmaster {infor- mator) and an usher (hostiarius\ who are likewise remotivi.

Rubric II. — Who may be chosen scholars j and of the qualifica- tion. Founder's kin first ; then natives of parishes or places in which one of the two St. Mary Winton Colleges has property; then natives of the diocese of Winchester ; then natives of the counties of Oxon, Berks, Wilts, Somerset, Bucks, Essex, Middlesex, Dorset, Kent, Sussex, or Cambridge, in order; lastly, natives of any other part of the realm of England ^ Candidates must be pauperes ei indigentes*, towardly and well-

' He died May i6, 158a. The epitaph on his brass in Cloisters is : — ' Qui premor hoc tumulo dicor praenomine Thomas Cognomen fecit dulcis alauda mihi. Bis septem menses, ter septem presbyter annos Hie colui, cujus nunc fruor ore, Deum.' ' The Chaplains of Eton College are called 'conducts' for this reason. Horace Walpole, writing in 1737 ^'*o™ the Christopher Inn, Eton, to George Montagu, speaks of their Eton friend Ashton, as < standing up funking over against a conduit {sic) to be catechised.'

* The preference here given to the diocese of Winchester is said never to have been observed, and little if any regard was paid to the order of counties. Two scholars— Ad3rson in 1536 and Ruckwood in 1548 — came from Calais while it counted in the diocese of Canterbury ; Mabson from Flushing on Long Island was admitted in 1774, afler a year in Commoners, and Eustace and Moore frrim New York were admitted in 1771 and 1781. The nomination system of course superseded these preferences.

* I will not attempt to translate these words, about the precise meaning of which, and Wykeham's intention in using them, there has been so much con- troversy. Sec Brougham's letter to Sir Samuel Romilly in 1818 on the abuses of charities. It is not likely that Wykeham intended the scholars to be of the humblest and lowest class in society. He does not say that they are to be ad- mitted intuitu ckaritatiSy as the choristers are. Whatever may be the meaning of the word indigens, it is certain that ' pauper ' often means ' neither poor nor

i

r

The Statutes. 71

mannered ('manners makyth man ') ; quick to study, well be- haved, and grounded in Latin grammar \ reading, and plain song. No candidate as a general rule is to be under eight or over twelve years of age. But a youth of unusual merit may be admitted at any age under seventeen years, if, in the opinion of the electors, he is certain to be qualified for promotion to New G>llege at the regular age. A scholar who has not received the first tonsure, must receive it during his first year, under pain of expulsion. No boy suffering from incurable disease, or having any bodily imperfection which might operate as a disqualification for Holy Orders, is to be elected, nor any boy who has an income from hereditaments of any tenure ex- ceeding five marks (665. &/.) per annum. Founder's kin, however, may be maintained within the College from their seventh to their twenty-fifth year, though they be worth twenty marks a year. If a consanguineus is not qualified in grammar, reading, and plain song at the time of his admission, the Warden may employ a chaplain, lay clerk, or scholar to teach him : and after he 'v& qualified the Warden may pay six and eightpence yearly to one of the discreeter and more advanced scholars to superintend his studies. Every consanguinetis vfho is not worth loos. yearly is to be provided with linen and woollen clothing, bedding, shoes, and other necessaries at the Warden's discre- tion. Every scholar not Founder's kin is to leave on com- pleting his eighteenth year, unless he be then on the roll for New College, in which case he may stay on until he succeed to New College, or complete his nineteenth year, and no longer.

Rubric III. — Of the election of Scholars in the annual super- vision. The Warden and two Fellows of New College *, one of

rich.' Wykeham cannot have regarded sheer poverty as the qualification of a scholar, for a scholar might possess an income approaching, but not exceeding, five marks per annum, equivalent to £66 a year at least at the present day, and might inherit property worth anything under ^5 a year without forfeiting his place in the foundation. Of Wykeham's general intention that scholarships should be held by boys whose parents were too poor to educate them without assistance, there can, I think, be no doubt

^ In antiquo Donato ; the grammar of Aelius Donatus, a ' grammaticus ' of the fourth century. There is no evidence that the grammar of Donatus was ever in use in the school There was no copy of Donatus in the original library, but there were five copies of Priscian, one of which, given by the Founder himself, was valued at 6s, 8tL

■ Called supervisors, or scrutineers, and latterly ' Posers.' The Electors collectively were called * The Chamber.*

Annals of IVinchester College.

I is to be a Master of Theology or Philosophy, and the a Bachelor or Doctor of Canon or Civil Law, are to viat hester College on a day between July 7 and October i to be by the Warden of New College. They are to travel there ack at the expense of New Coll^;e, but not with more than jrses '. As time went on, it became the practice to set out Oxford on the Monday, sleep at Newbury, and reach Win- ;r on the Tuesday afternoon, Oxford to Winchester is hreemile3,and Newbury is halfway. An ancient hostelryon srth side of Bartholomew Street, Newbury (now Nos. 25 and IS acquired by Winchester College in the year 1444, probably e use of members of the two Societies passing through the On reaching their journey's end, the electors were net : Middle Gate {ad porias) with a Latin speech by one of the ars. After the delivery of this speech came the scrutiny, the Chamber sat to hear and investigate complaints, ct abuses, and enforce obedience to the Statutes. A tie instance of the extent of their power occurred in the year There was a vacancy among the Fellows, and a majority le remaining nine could not be got to vote for Henry les, who was the only candidate. Nobody else would come ird ; and the Electors, Warden Cobb, Samuel Greenway, Henshaw Halsey, nominated Richard Fiennes to fill the icy, and admitted him a Fellow. However, the chief duty ; Chamber was to elect scholars ad Oxon. and ad WytUon. ic ni enjoins the Electors to examine the candidates for places. The candidates for Winchester are to be examined itin grammar, reading, and plain song' with the assistance E master and usher, and the fittest are to be chosen.

> donlK with the object or limiting the number of the party, and thn* expense at Winchester. The cost or entertaining Warden Halfbrd and rty Ht the election of 1396 (tfaey arrived on the Sunday before Michaelmis nd stayed four days) was ais. -jd., a sum which would have paid for the ;n and Fellows' commons for nearly a fortnight. The cost of the electiDn 6, which lasted a week, was 4&S. Bd. In the year 1417 the Society pre- I the Warden of New College, on his coming, with a cope of scarlet (■*> di acaiielo) costing 31. 4 J., and gave a ' hurys ' or caps, value Sd., to if the Posers, William Fryth and Thomas Bekenton, afterwards Bishop of ind Wells. Bat gifts like these were exceptional.

'lain song,' Fuller says (CAunA History, II. vii. { 87), 'is much senior to canting and running of divisions.' A bi^ss in the chancel at Headboume ly, near Winchester, to the memory of John Kent, a scholar who' died

r

The Statutes. 73

Wykeham's system of intelligent selection from a wide area with a due regard to the pecuniary circumstances of the candi- dates was scarcely adhered to in his own day\ and soon after his death yielded to the system of nominations, which lasted until open competition was introduced in 1857. The Chamber by no means enjoyed a monopoly of the patron- age. From the time of Henry IV downwards the Crown claimed a right to nominate a scholar occasionally. Elizabeth exercised it in the cases of Stephen Norreys, a son of one of her gentleman pensioners (June 24, 1568), Gawen Frye (March 22, 1569-70), Thomas Gregory (May 8, 1574), * for that Valentine Gregory, of Harleston, being charged with many children for whom neverless he is careful to see them well brought up in the feare of God, vertue and learning, as farre as his habilities will allow, hath one sonne at schoole with you at Winchester, to his great charges and burden,' &c. ' ; and Constantine Turton (adm. 1590). Charles I did a little in this way. One of his letters recommending (unsuccessfully) a scholar named William Miles, for election to New College, is dated 'from Our Court at Newport in the Isle of Wight, the 18 daie of November, 1648.' Charles 1 1 made a practice of nominating two or three boys annually. They were, generally speaking, sons of persons who had suffered in the royal cause. One of his letters may be quoted here as a sample '.

August 301, 1434, represents him in the toga talaris of his order ; and a scroll issuing from his mouth bears the legend misericordias dni in sternum cantabo, 'I will sing of the mercies of the Lord for ever' (Ps. Izxxix. i) — an allusion, doubtless, to the plain song in which he was proficient

^ See his ' Littera ut ydonei scolares eligantur in Coll. Oxon. et Wynton. sine partialitate aliqua,' printed in Lowth, Appendix X.

' Extract from the Queen's recommendatory letter. The fother, it seems, found expenses in Commoners heavy, and so made interest to get the boy into College.

' Xharies R.

'Trusty and well-beloved wee greet you well. Understanding that Thomas !

Hiddleton, an orphan, hath spent three years in ye CoUedge as a commoner at the sole charge of Ann Jordan, his aunt, a Sadler's widow of London ; and that j

by her inability to continue him there, the poore friendless and helpless ladd will receave a check in the fair progress hee hath already made in ye study of learning : Wee have, therefore, at her humble suit and in a sense of his con- dicon, thought good to recommend him to you as an object fit for favour, and ^t at yor next Election which is now at hand you will choose and admit him into a child's place in that Foundacon. Which being an act of charity in itself wee will esteem noe less than a respect to Us, and bee ready to remember upon

L

74 Annals of Winchester College,

He could, however, write sharply when his recommendations were disregarded, as they sometimes were\

James II was more urgent and less polite, and his recom- mendations were not quite so often obeyed. Two or three re- commendatory letters by Lord Clarendon are preserved ; one (Mundy to New College in 1664) is countersigned by the Arch- bishop of York, and the Bishops of London, Durham, Ely, Lin- coln, Norwich, Sarum, Lichfield, and Coventry, Carlisle, Chester, Peterborough, and Oxford. The Privy Council asserted the like privilege*. The following letter in favour of a boy named Maidwell Eden, may serve as a sample of their letters : —

' Reverend Gentlemen : — Doo us the favour to elect the son of the bearer, William Eden, into the Colledge of Winton this election, this being the fourth time of appearance ; he having by certificate proved himself near of kin to the Danverses, and thereby near of Kinn to the Right Honourable the Lord Viscount Saye and Sele, who was the chief founder's kinsman.

*To the Wardens of New Colledge and Winton and ye other Electors.

*Ap.ye2i, 1711. 'Leeds,

*JON. OSSORY, *J. ISHAM,

* Tho. Cartwright,

*G. DOLBEN.' any good concernment for ye Colledge. And soe Wee bid you fareweU. Given at our Court at Whitehall ye loth of August, 1660.

' By his MaHe's comand,

*Edw. Nicholas.'

* I quote part of a letter of his to the two Wardens, dated Jan 9, 1673-4 ^—

* Wee are informed that the election of scholars is made every year by the Warden and two of the Fellows of New Colledge in Oxford, together with the Warden, subwarden, and schoolmaster of the sayde Colledge of Winchester, at which ceremony it hath been the constant custom time out of mind that the first place be bestowed upon such person as the King shall write for or recom- mend, the second upon one recommended or written for by the Bishop of Win- chester, and then such to be chosen as the foresayd Electors shall every one in his order think fit to nominate. And this method hath always been observed without interruption until the three years last past, wherein (as wee are given to understand) the Electors have postponed both Our nomination and the bishop's to their owne. Wee are not willing to entertaine a conceit that this preposterous way of proceeding hath been introduced with any sinister inten- tion, yet wee cannot but be sensible of the disrespect you have thereby showed, as well to Ourselfe as to your bishop, who is your Visitor and suc- cessor to your Founder. Wee do therefore require that you presume no longer to practice the sayd innovation '

* E. g. John Langley, a nephew of Sir Antony Ashley, Clerk of the Council, whom they got into College in 1604.

I

The Statutes, 75

In the year 1703 Warden Traffics got the system of King's Letters abolished as regards New College by his own personal exertions, of which he left a journal '. But it continued in force at Winchester until 1726, when Secretary Holies* was induced to recall a letter which had been given to a boy named John Trenchard Bromfield, upon the faith of a representation by the Electors that their oath obliged them to elect the most worthy candidates '.

' Appendix, XII.

* Afterwards Duke of Newcastle, and Prime Minister.

» This is the King s letter :— *G.R.

'Trusty and well beloved we greet you well. Having been informed of the hopeiiil parts of John Trenchard Bromfield, and humble suit having been made unto Us on his behalf,

'We have thought fit hereby to recommend him to you in a most effectual manner, telling and requiring you to elect and admit the said John Trenchard Bromfield a child of that our College of Winchester at the next election. So not doubting of your compliance herein, we bid you heartily farewell.

'Given at our Court at St James' the twenty-ninth day of April, in the twelfth year of our reign, a. d. 1736.

' By His Majesty's Command,

' HoLLES Newcastle.'

Wardens Bigg and Dobson on receiving the above letter waited on the King at St. James' with the following remonstrance : — ' May it please your Majesty — 'We, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects the Wardens of New College in the University of Oxford and of the College near Winchester, on behalf of ourselves and others the electors of those your Majesty's College, beg leave to acknowledge with great humility the receipt of your Majesty's most gracious letter willing and requiring us to choose at the election now de- pending John Trenchard Bromfield into a child's place in your Majesty's said College of Winchester.

' We beg leave most humbly to assure your Majesty that this signification of

your royal pleasure was received with a respect becoming the most dutiful of

your Majesty's subjects: and at the same time, do most humbly and most

earnestly beseech your Majesty to take into your princely consideration the

case of your petitioners, who by the Statute of our Founder, William of Wyke-

ham (confirmed to us by so many grants and charters of your Majesty's royal

progenitors) are constituted sole electors of the two Colleges ; and that we

are bound by a solemn oath, yearly taken before we enter upon the duty of

Jectors, not to be swayed by fear or favour, interest or reward.

'We do confess that in the reign of King Charles the Second and King

ames letters mandatory have from time to time taken place in our elections, to

le great grief of our predecessors ; but that at length upon a humble represen-

ition made to King William, his Majesty was pleased to return this most

racious answer " God forbid that I should hinder any of my Colleges from

^6 Annals of Winchester College,

The Bishop of Winchester (Willis) withdrew his pretensions in 1731, owing to a letter from the Warden'; and it may be assumed that from the date of that letter the Electors had all the vacancies at their disposal. Writing in the year 1773 Wilkes says : —

'The Election consists of a nomination determined by votes- Those invested with this power are the Warden of New College ;

observing their statutes." It pleased God soon afterwards to take to himself his late Majesty King William of gracious memory ; but the representation above mentioned meeting with like favour and success at the hands of his successor, her late Majesty Queen Anne, we have hitherto enjoyed the freedom of elections agreeably to the trust reposed in us by our Founder, to the unspeak- able comfort and satisfaction of your Majesty's two College, and all that bear relation to them.

' We presume therefore to approach your Sacred Majesty upon this occasion with equal humility and confidence, persuading ourselves, that as your Majesty's reign stands most illustriously distinguished by acts of grace and favour to your people — as all your subjects of all ranks and degrees sit down in the full and secure enjoyment of their respective rights — so your Majesty will be graciously pleased to extend your goodness to us also : that we may not be made the single exception to this most general rule of your Majesty's government, but may still continue to enjoy a free choice in our elections — a privilege of all others the most dear and valuable to us.

'And we are the rather inclined to these assurances from a consciousness

that as we offer up to Almighty God our daily prayers for the welfare and

prosperity of your Majesty's person, family and government, so we are, and

shall be, careful to instil the same principles of duty and loyalty unto the

youth committed to our charge.

* Signed, Henry Bigg, W.N.C.

John Dobson, W.W.C*

His Majesty replied, ' As you seem rather to distrust my right than to ask any favour I will leave the matter to my Attorney General.'

The Wardens returned to Winchester to finish the roll, and under advice added Bromfield*s name at the foot, 'quern nominamus sub hac conditione, ut admittatur in primum successionis locum postquam regiae litterae confirmatae fuerint' It is scarcely necessary to add that Bromfield was not admitted.

* * Winchester College,

*My Lord, *3 Sept., 1731.

' I have communicated to ye Electors your Lordship's letter in favour of Mr. Southby's son. They have desired me to assure your Lordship that they will always receive your pleasure with the greatest duty. But reflecting upon the great inconveniences that have arisen to both Colleges from the influence of Royal and Episcopal letters, and fearing that compliance herein may be a means of introducing them again, to the great prejudice of that freedom of Election which they now happily enjoy and think it their duty to maintain, they persuade themselves from your Lordship's goodness and regard for the privileges of both Societies that you will not be offended with them for finishing their election without preferring Mr. Southby^s son.'

The Statutes, 77

the Warden of Winchester College; the senior supervisor; the junior supervisor ; the sub- Warden of Winchester College ; the Head Master. Such therefore as intend their children for this College are to procure a nomination from some one of the above gentlemen.'

The names of the elect 'ad Oxon.' and 'ad Winton./ accord- ing to Rubric III, are to be entered in order of merit on a roll or indenture. Existing vacancies are to be filled up from this roll then and there; and subsequent ones within eight days after they happen, to the intent that the College may always be full. The practice of making provision for prospective vacan- cies has never been departed from, except for a short time under the Statutes of the present Governing Body ; and it was soon found necessary to recur in substance to the old practice.

Rubric IV. — What is to happen when the Electors cannot agree. The voice of the majority is to prevail, after deliberation.

Rubric V. — 0/ the oath of scholars completing their fourteenth year. On attaining that age 'the scholars are to be sworn to maintain the rights of the College, to obey the Statutes in their plain, natural, and grammatical sense, and not to divulge the secrets of the House. The form of oath is set forth.

Rubric VI. — Of the election of Warden, and his oath. He is to be elected by the Fellows of New College, and must be, or have been, a Fellow of one of the two St. Mary Winton Colleges, a graduate in Canon or Civil Law or Master of Arts, in priest's orders, and at least thirty years of age.

Rubric VII.— Cy the office of Warden. He is to have the g^eneral control of affairs, which his name (custos) denotes, but must consult the Fellows in matters of importance.

Rubric VIII. — Of the election of Fellows. There are to be ten Fellows and three Chaplains (the latter nominated by the Warden, and removeable at his pleasure). They must possess a su£Bcient knowledge of Latin and plain song to be able to celebrate mass. A Fellow is to be elected by the Warden and remaining Fellows, who, on notice of a vacancy, are to meet in Chapel and elect on oath the candidate whom ' prae honore utili- tate et comodo collegio magis profuturum crediderint.* Fellows must be grac^uates, and in priest's orders. Preference is to be given to past or present Fellows of New College first of all ; then to past or present Chaplains ; and failing such, to priests from

L

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the diocese of Winchester, and then to priests from the counties of Oxon, Berks, Wilts, Bucks, Essex, Middlesex, Dorset, Kent, Sussex, or Cambridge, in order. Fellows elect are to be sworn in a prescribed form to obey the Statutes in their plain, natural, and grammatical sense, to defend the rights of the College, to avoid quarrels, eschew tale-bearing and backbiting, obey their elders, and not to reveal the secrets of the House. The name and surname of every Fellow and Scholar is to be entered in a register. Sixteen choristers, pauperes et indigentes like the Scholars, are to be chosen as objects of charity {intuitu charita- tis). They are to sing in the choir, make the beds of the Fellows and Chaplains \ and help the servants who wait at tableM They are to be fed on the broken victuals, on the 'fragmenta et reliquiae quae superfuerunt de mensis presby- terorum et scolarium,' but if this provision is not enough it may be increased. We find these boys as early as the year 1397 in receipt of an allowance of 6d. each weekly, which, if we put the value of the broken victuals at 2d. each weekly, makes the pro- vision for them equal to the provision for the scholars. The whole clause seems out of place here, and may be one of those which Wykeham added to the original draft of the Statutes. There is some reason to suppose that the Choristers did not appear in Wykeham's original scheme. They are not mentioned in the Charter of Foundation, and do not appear in the com- putus rolls for more than a year after the opening day. Proba- bly their chamber was not ready till then. It appears from various entries in the rolls that Wykeham was in the habit of lending his own choir at Wolvesey on special occasions during the first year or two after the opening.

Rubric IX. — In what things the Fellows, Scholars, and other persons must obey the Warden, Obedience to him in lawful matters is here enjoined under pain of expulsion.

Rubric X. — Of the Vicewarden and Sacrist, their duties and

^ The scholars made their own beds during the interval between rising and matins until the year 1708, when bed-makers were employed for the first time at the desire of Bishop Trelawney, who suggested in a letter to the Warden that the scholars might be relieved from that ' servile and foul office ' and gain an hour longer in bed, i. e. till six a. m.

' 'Hi resonant sacros argutis vocibus hymnof/^

In Templo : ex Templo sociis puerisque Wi^'mistrant ' ; says Christopher Jonson. ^ «

The Statutes. 79

oaths. A Vicewarden and a Sacrist are to be chosen out of the Fellows annually. The vicewarden is to have a stipend of 26s. 8d. ; the sacrist is to have charge of the crosses, vessels, ornaments, and vestments, and to be precentor, with a stipend of 135. 4</. It was his duty as precentor to arrange who should o£Bciate at each service. A diptych, or tablet, was provided in 1398 for his use. 'In j tabula cerand^ cum viridi cerS pro intitu- lacione capellanorum et clericorum capelle ad missas et alia psallenda, viij^ ' is an item in the computus of that year. The statutes^ of the oratory of the Holy Trinity at Barton, circa 1295, ^^Yf 'Qu^ precentor habeat tabulam in oratorio super appensam in qu^ scribat die Sabbati post prandium et ordinet quales missas quis eorum celebrare debeat.'

Rubric XL — Of the Bursars * and their duties. Two are to be elected out of the Fellows annually. They are to receive the income of the Society and pay the outgoings. All moneys are to be put into a common chest under the eyes of the Warden and three senior Fellows. Any surplus is to be dealt with as the Warden and major part of the Fellows direct, ' pro comodo utilitate et honore coUegii.' Each Bursar is to keep a separate account as a check on the other, and to receive a stipend of 135.4^.

Rubric XII. — Of the Schooltnaster and Usher under him, and their oaths. The Schoolmaster is to possess a competent know- ledge of Latin ('sit in gramaticA sufficienter eruditus'), have had experience in teaching, and be a man of good fame and conver- sation. It is not stated that he shall be in Holy Orders. He is to be appointed by the Warden and Fellows, and to hold office during their pleasure. His duties are, to teach or super- vise the teaching of the scholars, and to chide, punish, and chastise the idle and delinquent, taking care that the chastise- ment be not excessive '. He is to report to the Warden the case of any scholar who will not take a flogging, or whom he cannot flog *. The Usher is also to possess a competent know-

* Archaeologia, LI I. 297. ' Called * bowsers ' in the last century.

» Corpond punishment was to be inflicted by the head-master only. After Warden Baker's time the vimen quadripartUufn of four apple-twigs lashed to a handle was the tool which they used.

* There were always boys of eighteen and upwards in the school, and a amsangttmms might be any age under twenty five.

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8o Annals of Winchester College.

ledge of Latiri; but need not necessarily have had experience in teaching.

Rubric XIII. — Of the weekly allowance for commons. This is to be I2rf., rising to i\d. or even i6rf. in time of dearth, for every fellow and chaplain, and for the schoolmaster and usher; lod. for every lay clerk ; and 8rf. for every scholar. Scholars under sixteen years of age may have breakfast {jantaculufn). Other members of the Society are to have two meals only, prandium and cena. The bursars are to keep a weekly account of the commons, and balance it at the end of the quarter. If the amount spent on commons exceeds the sums allowed as above at the end of the quarter, the deficiency is to be made good in the next quarter ; if the balance is the other way, the surplus {excrescentta comunarum) is to be put into the chest An extra allowance may be made for guests whom the Warden entertains ex curialitate or ex necessitate ; and the bursars may allow five shillings extra in Hall when they think fit ut lautius efiulentur ^

Rubric XIV. — Of the order of sitting in Hall; of reading aloud the Bible; and of the Seneschal ofHalL Every member of the Society is to dine and sup in Hall daily, unless let by sickness or other sufficient cause. The Warden is to sit at the head of the middle table, with the schoolmaster and senior fellows, and they are not to have more than five dishes. The rest of the Society are to sit at the side tables ; the junior fellows and chaplains at the top, below them the usher, and next to him the scholars, each as he happens to come into Hall, without affectation of seniority or scrambling for places. The lay-clerks and choristers are to wait upon the rest, and dine and sup with the servants. The fellows are to hold the office of Seneschal of Hall in turn, week and week about. The Seneschal's duty is to see that the manciple's accounts are correct, and he is not to make his duty an excuse for going into the town, or absent- ing himself from chapel '. During dinner and supper a scholar

^ I transpose this clause from Rubric XXVI, where it seems out of place.

^ The office of Seneschal of Hall seems to have dropped about the year 159a Many of his books are preserved in the muniment room, the series commencing with a fragment of the book for 1395. These books record the name of everybody who was in commons from week to week, and the names of guests at dinner and supper whether at the fellows* or servants' table.

The Statutes. 8i

chosen by the schoolmaster is to read aloud passages from the ' Lives of the Saints,' the ' Dicta Doctorum/ or Holy Writ, the others keeping silence \

Rubric XV. — No tarrying in hall after meals. Forasmuch as men when they have eaten and drunk often indulge in scurrili- ties, and saying of things which are not convenient, or, which is worse, in backbiting and quarrels, it is required that every- one shall leave hall after dinner or supper is over, so soon as the loving cup (poculum charitatis) shall have passed round once among the Fellows. Nevertheless after supper on festivals when the drinking is done (post potacionem in aula)', they need not retire till curfew : and on festivals in winter, when a fire is on the hearth, the company present may, for recreation's sake, spend a moderate time in singing or other honest amusements, such as reciting lays, reading chronicles, or talking of the wonders of the universe, and other subjects befitting the gravity of churchmen.

Rubric XVI. — Strangers not to be introduced so as to be a burden to the Society. No Fellow or scholar may bring a parent, brother, kinsman, or friend into College so as to interrupt the scholars' studies. Any Fellow or scholar may entertain friends in his chamber or in Hall at his own expense, but not for more than two days at a time. No stranger, of whatever rank, shall be allowed to pass the night within the College, unless he be there on business, or for some special reason, with the Warden's leave. A plea that a visitor is paying for his commons shall not be admitted. A member of the Society who

Similar books were kept at New CoUege ; a facsimile copy of four pages from the Seneschal's book there, for the year ending Michaelmas, 1387, was privately printed for the Warden of New College in 1886.

' Uay not the custom of the prefect of hall reading aloud the gospel for the day at a certain stage of the dinner in hall on Domum day, be traceable to this, which was a common discipline in religious houses ? I find in the Computus of 1491, an entry of 13s. 41/. ' pro reparacione ligacione et codpertur& unius biblie pro pueris ad bibliam in aula legendam ; ' and in 1575 there is an item of 94/. * pro uno testamento Anglico pro lecturi biblie in aula.' The ninth injunction of Edward VI requires of religious bodies ' that they shall have every day some part of the scripture read in English at their table in the time of their meals, to the intent, that they having communication thereof may utterly avoid slanderous and unsenseful talking/

' It seems as if on festivals the loving cup went round oflener than once and all partook of it.

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Annals of Winchester College.

harbours a guest for the night without leave shall have his commons stopped for a week. Here an exception is introduced in favour of the sons of people of station and influence (nobillum ac valencium personarum et collegio specialiter amicorum). Ten of this class ^ may be lodged and boarded within the College, but on condition that they be no burden. Here comes in a prohibition of prayer meetings (conventiculae) • and sermons (tractatus) by unauthorized persons *, which must have been introduced on revision.

Rubric XVII. — Scholars and Fellows not to absent themsehes from College, or keep dogs, or use arms. No Fellow, Chaplain, master, or scholar may be away from College for periods ex- ceeding a month in any year without sufficient reason. No scholar may go into the town or Soke without leave. No Fellow, scholar, or servant may keep dogs, hawks, or ferrets, or have nets, or perform military exercises, or play any game, or shoot or throw anything within or near the buildings, lest the cloisters or other parts of the fabric should suffer damage. No Fellow may pass the night in the town, or Soke, or else- where within four miles distance, without sufficient reason. Nor may any Fellow or scholar grow long hair or a beard, or wear shoes with peaks or hoods with frogs (neque sotularibus* rostratis aut capuciis nodulatis utantur), or wear a sword or dagger, or frequent taverns, shows (spectacula), or other im- proper places. And the wearing of red or green shoes (a fashion of the day) is utterly forbidden in the case of the Fellows.

Rubric XVIII. — Fellows sent out on business to be allowed Aeir expenses. These are to be allowed out of the Chest on produc- tion of the vouchers. The commons of Fellows absent on their own business are to be stopped during their absence.

* See Chapter vii, The Commoners.

' Cf. Canon LXXIII * Ministers not to hold private conventicles * and Canon XI against maintainers of such, to which John Bunyan owed his twel^'e years' imprisonment in Bedford Gaol.

* Aimed, perhaps, at itinerant preachers of Wycliffe's doctrines.

* Sotulares, i. e. or-^subtalares, a kind of shoe or buskin. In the visitation of Selborne Priory, held by Wykeham in person in the year 1387, he censures the brethren for the wearing of boots 'caligarum de burneto ac sotularium ocrearum loco.'

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The Statutes. 83

Rubric XIX. — Backbiters, plotters, and sowers of discord not to be tolerated. Offenders in this behalf are to be punished by stoppage of commons, and after four warnings by ex- pulsion.

Rubric XX. — Of (he correction of venial offences. Such oflFences as disobedience to the Warden in small matters, incivility, mis- behaviour in Chapel, and slovenly dress, are to be reprimanded by the Warden and Bursars.

Rubric XXI. — Of relief to scholars and Founder's kin when sick. A scholar who is sick is to be allowed his commons for one month. If at the end of the month he is not mending and has no visible means of support, he is to be boarded out and receive the money value of his commons* for the space of three months if need be. If at the end of three months there be no appearance of convalescence he is then and there to cease to be a scholar, and his place is to be filled up. A Founder's kin when sick, may remain within the buildings, and is to be supplied with food, drink, &c. If the sickness be chronic or infectious he is to be boarded out, and to receive (unless he has property worth 1005. a year) an allowance of 25. a week as long as the sickness lasts ^

Rubric XXII. — Causes for which the Warden may be removed, the manner of his removal, and his Retiring Pension. I f the War- den be convicted of any offence against morals, or of wasting the goods, or alienating the possessions of the College, he may be removed by the Bishop of Winchester at the instance of the Warden and Fellows of New College, If he retire through infirmity, and be not possessed of a benefice worth twenty marks a year, at least, the Society may award him a pension of twenty marks.

Rubric XXIII. — Causes which vacate a Fellowship. A Fellow is to be removed if he enter any religious order, or absent him- self from College for more than a month in any year, absence on

* Instances occur of this in the Computus of 1397, and subsequently.

' No aUowance is provided for the Fellows in case of sickness, which seems an omission. One of them, however, Edward Tacton by name, drew 15. a week during the eight weeks that his illness continued, and had a chorister to wait on him when he went to Southampton for change of air afterwards. This was in the year 1449.

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Annals of Winchester College.

College business not counting '. The acceptance of a living also vacated a fellowship '.

Rubric XXIV. — On what grounds scholars nuiy be removed, A scholar may be removed if convicted of any crime or im- morality, or if he enter any religious order,' or marry, or absent himself from College more than a month in any year.

Rubric XXV. — On what grounds Fellows may be refnoued, A Fellow may be removed for heresy, simony, perjury, or im- morality, or for attending prayer meetings *.

Rubric XXVI. — Of the Stipends, The yearly stipends are to be: — Warden, £20; each Fellow, £5; Schoolmaster, £10; Usher, £3 6s. 8rf. * ; each Chaplain, 40s. ; each Lay Clerk, 20s.

* Wykeham does not add here, * or marry ' as he does in the corresponding Statute for New College, probably because the Fellows of Winchester College were to be priests, and he did not contemplate the possibility of any of them manying. Consequently when priests became free to marry, as they did at the Reformation, the Fellows of Winchester College conceived themselves to be at liberty to many and retain their fellowships. One of these fellowships, there- fore, was a provision for life ; and a valuable one, as it carried with it the right to hold one or two College livings, an occasional nomination to a scholarship, a joint right of presenting to several benefices, and now and then a beneficial lease of some lay rectory.

' Necessarily ; because a Fellow accepting a living could not reside on it and at Winchester eleven months in the year. In Wykeham*s time, the Fellows seem to have resigned their fellowships on obtaining preferment, as a matter of course. After his death it was otherwise. In the year 1406, Cardinal Beaufort enjoined the Warden (who appears to have been beneficed) and such of the Fellows as also held livings, to reside upon them like other parish clergymen. This injunction created quite a panic in the upstairs chambers. Brakkelegh, one of the Fellows, waited on the Cardinal at Farnham with no loss of time ' ad excusandum custodem et socios erga Dum EpHrn de non residencia bencfi- ciorum per buUas suas,' — that is to say, to plead the privileges of the Society as an excuse for non-residence. Brakkelegh's mission appears to have been successful Perhaps the six shillings and eight pence which it appears by the Computus that he bestowed on the bishop's registrar on his arrival at the Castle went further than his arguments. One would like very much to know what Bulls the Society relied on. The only known one at all bearing on the point, that of Boniface IX, alluded to in Chapter i, dispenses the Warden only from the obligation of residence. Mr. Charles Blackstone, himself a Fellow, says oa this subject * It is not impossible that the Fellows may have strained a point, and with the help of the registrar, (who had a sum of money ^n> amicitid sua) may have been able to persuade the bishop that they were all, jointly with the Warde included in this Bull.' Be this as it may, the Fellows appear from a very ear period to have insisted on their right to hold livings with their fellowships.

' As a great many did during the fifteenth century. * See Rubric XVL

* These stipends were raised in 1560 as follows : — Warden, £33 45. Sa Fellows (each), £6 6s. ; Schoolmaster, £ii los. ; Usher, £4 35. 4</.

\

The Statutes. 85

If a Chaplain could not be got for 405., as much as £2 135. 4^/. might be paid \ Two horses are to be kept for the Warden's use, and three servants, namely : a clerk (domicellus), a groom (valettus), and a boy (garcio). These are to have their meals with the College servants, and their respective wages are not to exceed 205., 135. 4^/., and 6s. Qd, per annum.

Rubric XXVII. — 0/ the yearly allowance of cloth. Every Christmas the Warden is to receive twelve yards, the School- master and Fellows eight yards each, and the Usher five yards of broad-cloth 'sufBcienter aquati siccati et tonsi,' costing 42s, the piece of twenty-four yards '. The Warden's gown is to be in accordance with his academical degree; the gowns of the others are to be gowns reaching to the feet (robae talares'.) Every Fellow, as well as the schoolmaster, is to receive 35. 4^/. yearly to buy fur to trim his gown. The scholars and lay clerks are to receive a diflFerent sort of cloth costing no more than 335. 4^. per piece. No colour is specified. But the cloth is not to be white, black, russet, or butcher's blue (glauceus*.) Every scholar and lay clerk is to have enough cloth to make a long gown with a hood or cowl (toga talaris cum capucio). No scholar may wear a new gown unless on Sundays or festivals, or in processions, without leave, or dress underically ; nor may the Warden, or any Fellow, Chaplain, or Master sell, pledge, or part with a gown that he has not had for three years. But he may give one of his gowns (not being his best) to a poor scholar or chorister out of charity.

^ This was in iact the stipend of a chaplain from the first.

' By Stat 47 £d. Ill cloth of ray (i.e. striped) was to be sold in pieces of twenty- eight yards and be five quarters wide. Cloth of colour (i. e. self-coloured) was to be sold in pieces of twenty-six yards and be six quarters wide at least* Possibly the customary length of a piece of cloth at Winchester, then one of the chief seats of the woollen trade, had not been affected by this piece of legislation.

* Like that of the youth in the vision of TibuUus — Ima videbatur talis illudere palla.

* Either because these colours were costlier, or were worn by religious orders. The scholars' cloth is once or twice called ' coloratus ' in the early Rolls, and was most likely sub-fusk or rusty black. It has been black for many years. Christopher Jonson sajrs of the scholars of his day : —

'Non caput obtegitur pileo crassove galero Cimmeriisque togis vestiti inceditis omnes.' ' he notion 'gomer ' (go home-er) for a Sunday hat is said to arise from the cir- ( imstance of hats being worn when the boys were going home. But it most 1 kcly comes from ' gomer,' the name in the inventories for a pewter bowl. Wo ny * a pot hat ' for the same reason.

86 Annals of Winchester College.

Rubric XXVIII. — Of the Prayers and Invocations to be used by the Wardens, Fellows, Chaplains, and Lay Clerks. Minute directions are given as to these on rising from bed, during the day, and on retiring to rest.

Rubric XXIX.— Q/* the Order of singing Matins and other canonical hours in the College Chapel, and of the Order of stand- ing in the Choir. Minute directions are given as to conducting these according to the use of Sarum. Matins to be sung daily between four and six o'clock a.m. Any Fellow or Chaplain absenting himself from matins or vespers is to be fined 2d^ or from prime terce sext nones or compline, id. The whole society are to attend matins and first and second vespers on Sun- days and festivals. The Warden, Vice- Warden, Fellows, Chap- lains, and Masters, Founder's kin over fifteen years of age, and the older scholars, are to sit in the stalls ; the Warden wearing a sur- plice and gray amice (amicia de griseo) and the Fellows and Chap- lains wearing decent surplices, and amices cloaked or furred. The Masters and the scholars are to wear surplices and amices.

Rubric XXX.-^^Hence to be kept in the Chapel during Dime Service. The Warden is to prevent breaches of this Statute.

Rubric XXXI. — Warden to seek the consent of the Fellows in important matters. He is to call them together in the Chapel for this purpose, and any act not sanctioned by the major part of them is to be void.

Rubric XXXI I. — Manors, possessions, and advowsonsnot to be alienated. Manors and farms are not to be let on lease for more than twenty years, or parsonages for more than ten years at a time, and then only by deed under the common seal \ Leases of house property may be longer ; but in no case is the term to exceed sixty years*.

^ At this time, and during the next half century, the College farms as a general rule were let by word of mouth, the tenant entering into a bond to pay the rent and commit no waste. A great many of such bonds of the time of Wardens Morys and Thurbem are extant.

' Wykeham anticipates here the action of the Legislature more than 150 years after his time: — 'And for that long and unreasonable leases made by Colleges .... be the chiefest cause of the dilapidation and the decay of all spiritual livings and of the utter impoverishing of the mcumbents .... in the same be it enacted that henceforth all leases to be made by any Master and Fellows of any College .... of any lands, tithes, tenements or hereditaments to any person .... other than for the term of twenty-one years or three lives form the time as any such lease shall be made, shall be void.' StaL 13 £ltz. c. II. See 18 Eliz. c. 11 and 43 Eliz. c. 99.

The Statutes. 87

Rubric XXXIII. — Of the common seal and the chest and the annual inventory. The Warden and Fellows are to have a common seal \ and a chest in which the seal and the charters, vestments, and other valuables, are to be put. The chest is to have three different locks, and the Warden, Vice-warden, and one of the Fellows, are to keep the keys. Nothing is to be sealed, except in the presence of the Warden and all the Fel- lows'. The Warden is to make an inventory once a year, and lay it before the supervisors. It must show the increase or decrease of stock during the year to which it relates. Any surplus of the year's rents and profits is to be laid up in the chest for the benefit of the College ".

Rubric XXXIV. — Touching the distribution of chambers. Three of the upstairs chambers, and the studies in them, are assigned to nine of the Fellows, and the six ground-floor cham- bers to the scholars. Every boy over fourteen years of age is to have a separate bed ; those under that age may lie two in a bed. Each of the six chambers is to have in it three of the elder and discreeter scholars, who are to superintend the tasks, look after the behaviour of the juniors, and make reports to the schoolmaster \ Wykeham has no name for

The College property was always let in obedience to this rubric, fiums for twenty years, and houses for thirty or forty years, the leases, which were always at the old accustomed rent, being renewed every seven, ten or fourteen years, as the case might be, in consideration of a fine or premium, which was divided amongst the Warden and Fellows.

^ The ancient seal of the College is a pointed oval, measuring a-8 by z-8 inches. In the centre is a double canopy, having a shield with Wykeham's arms on either side, and seated figures of St. Peter and St Paul under the canopies. Above, under another double canopy, the Salutation ; the Virgin Mary standing, and a label with the words Ave Maria issuing from the angel's mouth. In base is the Founder, a half-length figure full faced, in ponttficalibus, praying beneath an arch ; and in a niche on each side is the figure of a saint Across the seal, between the two compartments of the device, is * willelm eps F^DATOR. Legend : — sig. c5e collegii vocati sf e marie college of winches-

TRE PPE WINTO.

' The quarterly festivals now obsolete, known as ' sealing days,' owed their name to this injunction.

' If Wykeham had intended any surplus to be divided amongst the Warden and Fellows he would surely have said so here.

• *Praefecti octodecim seniores rite vocantur,'

saysjonson. Again: —

' Sex camerae pueris signantur et una choristis : Ut magis hie mores serventur, et ordo decorus Praefecti camera tres prcponuntur in una.

'F'l S ■•• J V

88

Annals of Winchester College.

r ■

these eighteen senior boys. They are called prefects now, as they were in Jonson*s time, but were sometimes called prae- positors, as at Eton. ' One of the praepositors of this College,' is inscribed on Robinson's tablet in cloisters, date October 29, 1687. No occupant of an upstairs chamber is to wash his face, hands, or feet in it, or spill wine, beer, or water on the floor, to the inconvenience of the scholars underneath.

Rubric XXXV. — Of the maintenance of the fabric. The Warden and Fellows are to keep the chapel, hall, and other buildings, in repair ; and if (which God avert) the income shall sink so low — through bad harvests, murrain, or negligence — as to yield only a bare subsistence for the Society, the sum of twopence weekly is to be deducted from every Fellow's com- mons towards a fund for repairs. Work on the buildings is not to begin before March i, or continue after the Festival of St. Simon and St. Jude (Oct. 28).

Rubric XXXVI. — Of servant^ accounts. All persons employed by the College are to render an account in the treasury*. Once a year, at the end of October, the Warden, accompanied by a Fellow of discretion, is to go on progress in order to see the state of the farms and take an account of the live and dead stock belonging to the Society '. As soon as this progress is over the audit is to be held.

* < In alteri camerft ad finem aulae ' ; the room over the hatches, now called the audit-room.

' Some of the farms at this period were let on what are known as land and stock leases, in which the live stock as well as the land is found by the landlord. I subjoin inventories of live stock at Ropley, at Michaelmas, 1398, and at Harmondsworth, at Michaelmas 1398 and 1399. Ploughs and other dead stock were probably found by the tenant, as they do not appear in the inventories.

Manor of Ropley, 1398.

Wheat

43 qrs. 4 bus.

Barley

118 qrs.

Pulse

15 qrs.

Oats

84 qrs.

Horses

... 6

Oxen .

93

Bulls .

3

Cows .

22

Steers • • • • • 8

Yearlings 5

Calves ..... 8

Tegs (Muttones) . . . 4'^

Ewes 275

Lambs x8i

Sows I

Store pigs 14

The Statutes.

89

Rubric XXXVI I. — How the auditors are to announce the result. Sundry formalities are here prescribed.

Rubric XXXVIII. — Bursars to hand over their keys. On passing their accounts, the Bursars are to hand over the keys to the Warden, and their successors are to be elected then and there.

•

Rubric XXXIX. — Computus RoBs to remain in custody of Vice- warden, Rolls of each year's accounts are to be copied in duplicate ; one copy to remain in custody of the Vice-warden, the other to be put away with the bailiffs' and collectors' ac- counts for the year. Any scholar who writes well may be employed in writing the rolls and entering evidences of title.

Rubric XL. — Scrutinies to be held thrice a year. Scrutinies, or chapters, are to be held on Christmas Day, Easter Day, and July 7, at each of which inquiry is to be made into the charac- ters and behaviour of the scholars, and the Statutes are to be read aloud.

Rubric XLI. — Books not to be parted with. Service and other books are to be produced at every scrutiny. No book

Harhondsworth, 1398.

Wheat .

19a qrs.

Bulls 9

Barley .

908 qrs.

Cows ....

96

Oats

17 qrs.

Calves

9

Tithe.— Wheat .

119 qrs.

Yearlings (annalcs)

X

Barley .

100 qrs.

Sheep

188

Oats

3 qrs.

Lambs

9

Pulse

18 qrs.

Rams ....

3

Horses

. 5

Boars. .

9

Plough horses (affrij .

. 14

Store pigs .

19

Oxen ....

. 13

Porkers (porceUi)

. 45

'

HARlfONX>SWORTH, I399. j

Wheat .

140 qrs.

Oxen 19 1

Barley .

180 qrs.

BuUs .

I

Pulse .

40 qrs.

Cows ....

97

Oats

9 qrs.

Heifers (bovettae)

19

Tithe.~Wheat .

. 56 qrs.

Calves (boviculae)

I 9

Barley .

. 44 qrs.

Boars.

Pulse

10 qrs.

Sows ....

3

Oats

sqra.

Store Pigs .

8

Horses

. 5

Porkers

. 41:

Plough Horses .

. 3

90 Annals of Winchester C

is to be sold, given away, or removed, to be copied, it must be returned the sami ■ Rubric XLIL— 0/ the custody of the copy of the Statutes of both Colleges treasury, and another copy in the vestib Fellows and scholars ^. For the avoidir transcript is to be made of any Statute purposes or other good reasons, with the of the Fellows- Rubric XLIII. — No dancing, wrestlin or hail. Forasmuch as uproarious sports ir ters, may do damage to the walls, stalls, ] the slinging of stones and throwing et pilarum jactus ') are forbidden everywl dancing, chorus-singing, cheering, disorde: other liquids, and riotous games, are forbic the reason that it is over the room in whi their studies. This rubric covers part ( Rubric XVII, and may have been added order to prevent the recurrence of some : had recently occurred, possibly at a festi It appears by a note in JVinchester Cati that the custom of electing a boy-bishop e: Church of Winchester, and was not pec Church of Salisbury, where a diminuti reputed to be that of a choir boy who dt his brief term of episcopacy, The us; bishop is believed to have prevailed in where choristers were kept. One of thesi bishop on St. Nicholas' Day (December ■ office until the night of Innocents' Day his reign ended. The curious on this s Hone's Every Day Book, p. 1558, for furt boy-bishop in Winchester College seems from among the junior scholars, on the «

■ AhIi, p. 68.

' Published by Winchester Record Society.

' The Eton College Statutes, according to Maxw< bishop shall be cboscn on SL Nicbolaa' Day, and Holy Innocents.

The Statutes.

9^

cents* Day. So that his episcopacy lasted only twenty-four hours ; but his state was great while it lasted. He wore a mitre made of a piece of cloth of gold, given by Wykeham himself, mounted on a shape of silver-gilt, given by one of the Fellows ; and the crosier, of copper-gilt, given by Robert Heete, was borne before him\ The first allusion to him occurs in the year 1406 — a present of 2orf. to a party of mummers from Ropley who danced in Hall before him. There is a similar allusion in the following year — a payment of 25. &/. to three minstrels out of the City of Winchester for a per- formance in Hall, over and above &/. which the boy-bishop gave to them*. Whence did the boy-bishop get such a sum of money ? It is likely that a collection was made for him. In his Statutes for St Paul's School, circa 1512, Colet ordains that his foundationers shall every Childermas come to Paul's Church and hear the child-bishop's sermon, and afterwards attend mass, and each of them offer a penny to the child-bishop. Colet had studied the usages at Winchester ; and it is possible that something like what he ordains at St. Paul's School was in vogue at Winchester — that the boy-bishop preached a sermon before the school, celebrated mass •, received the offerings of the company, and then adjourned the proceedings to hall, where the rest of the day was spent in festivity. I do not know whether the custom of levying ' salt * for the captain of collegers at the Eton Montem can be traced back to a similar source. The following entry in the Computus of 1412 — ' In dat. Ricardo Kent, bochier, tempore regni sui vocat. Somerkyng xii^^.' — has been thought to refer to a supposed custom of the butchers of Winchester to choose a mock monarch to preside over their summer revels.

Rubric XLIV. — No ctcceptation of persons. There shall be no undue preference of any person within the College : all shall be treated alike, having regard to their respective stations.

* ' Baculus pastoralis de cupro deaurato pro £pO puerorum in die Innocen- cium .... mitra de panno aureo ex dono Dm Fundatoris hernesiat. (mounted) cum aiig^ento deaurato ex dono unius socii CoU. pro £pO puerorum.'

' ' Dat. certis hominibus de Roppele die Sanct Innocent, tripudiantibus in. walk coram EpO Scolarium xx^. . . . Dat. iij ministrall. civitat. Wynton. venient ad ColL die Sanct. Innocent, ultra viij<* dat per Epuin puerorum, ij» viij*.*

' A clause in Rubric XXIX permits the scholars to say or sing vespers, matins, &c. in chapel on Innocents* Day.

—H, tiaed. [the d ex wasJ [.—7 len \ s ev( er to o fou in vi< learn fear ire fi onvi< terpr nstig he p< ring shall iches mak e thi Both he in the theii ited, that, redu'

CHAPTER VI. The Founder's Kin.

Their privileges.— Clothing and private tuition. — Few at first — Their names. — Revival of the order. — Families of Bolney and Fiennes. — TheWykhams of Swalcliffe. — Their claim disallowed. — How the Bathursts got in. — Limi- tation of number of Founder's kin. — The privilege now abolished. — Names of some.

The privileges of Founder's kin are declared by Rubric II of the Statutes. Founder's kin may be admitted at any age ; they need not leave till twenty-five, and they are not disqualified by the possession of property unless it exceeds twenty marks (£13 6s. &/.) in yearly value. If a consanguineus has less than loos. a year, the College is obliged to supply him with clothes, shoes, and other necessaries *, and if he is backward, he is to be put in charge of a chaplain, a lay-clerk, or one of the elder scholars, who is to be paid 65. 8rf. a year for private instruction. Few were admitted in Wykeham's lifetime. If we had a list of the scholars of Winchester College prior to the opening day, we should doubtless find in it the names of the following kinsmen of Wykeham, who appear by the Register of New College to have been admitted as undergraduate-fellows there, namely : —

John Wykeham', adm. 1387, left 1389. William Wykeham, adm. 1387, left same year. John Dele, adm. 1389. '"homas Wykeham (Sir Thomas Wykeham, Knt) adm. 1390, left 1394.

^ This obligation was compounded for after the year 1644, by a payment of ''.S quarterly to the schoolmaster for the use of the consanguine! who were nder him for the time being.

* He was rector of Bishop's Waltham, a living in Wykeham's gift, and ex- hanged it for Weston Turville, with John Marshall, in 1409; Reg. Beauf. 50.

94 Annals of Winchester College.

Another John Wykeham, alias Fyvyan, who was admitted in 1386 as a probationer, and was afterwards D.D. and Rector of Crondall, must have been a kinsman of Wykeham, inasmuch as he had a legacy of £50 under Wykeham's will. The fact of his not being entered as Founder's kin seems to show that Wyke- ham reg:arded the privilege as one to be granted in moderation; and it is certain that the endowment did not in his time yield enough income for the maintenance of many of the class. William and Thomas Wykeham were sons of Alice Perot, the Founder's niece. William, the eldest, married Alice Uvedale in 1396 and died early without issue \ Three more kinsmen of the Founder, namely, John Wykeham, the third son of Alice Perot, and Thomas and Reginald Warenner, two sons of Sir Thomas Warenner, Knt, who was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1394, by Joan, a granddaughter of Agnes, the Founder's aunt, were admitted on the opening day in 1393 ; Philip Bryan * was admitted in 1396; William Aas, perhaps a grandson of Henry Aas, the Founder's uncle, was admitted in 1398 ; Richard

' By a fine levied as of the Octave of Trinity Term, 1400, before William Thumyng, William Rikhill and John Markham, Justices of the King's Bench, William of Wykeham assured the Manor of Otterbome, near Winchester, after the death of Hugh Craan, and Isabel his wife, to this William Wykeham, and Alice his wife, in tail male ; remainder to Thomas Wykeham, the second son, in tail male ; remainder to John Wykeham, the third son, who had been admitted as an undergraduate fellow of New College, in 1395, in tail male ; remainder to the said William Wykeham, in tail general ; remainder to the said Thomas Wyke- ham, in tail general ; remainder to the said John Wykeham, in tail general ; remainder to Thomas Warenner and Joan his wife, in tail male ; remainder to William Ryngebome and Edith his wife, in tail male ; remainder to Agnes, the widow of Guy Aynho, in tail male ; remainder to William Maviell and Isabel his wife, in tail male ; remainder to John Beneyt, of Botley, in tail male ; re- mainder to the said Joan Warenner, in tail general; remainder to the said Edith Ryngebome, in tail general ; remainder to the said Agnes Aynho, in tail general ; remainder to the said Isabel Maviell, in tail general ; remainder to the said John Beneyt, in tail general ; remainder to the right heirs of the setUor.

A setUement by Wykeham of the Manors of Bumham and Bream in Somerset- shire, dated July i, aa Ric. II, contains the same limitations. According to CoUinson, {History of Somersetshire ^ vol. i, p. 177) one third of these manors belonged to Elizabeth, wife of Sir Richard Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, in 9 Hen. V. She must have been one of Sir Thomas Wykeham's daughters. A similar Settlement, dated July 8, 16 Ric. II, of property in Oxfordshire is mentioned in the Appendix to the Second Report of the Royal Commission on Historical MSS., p. 93.

* Of uncertain relationship. His mother, Christina Bryan, was a widow in 1406, and received a gratuity of 4</. from the Bursars, * intuitu charitatis' in that year.

The Founder^s Kin. 95

Wykeham was admitted in 1401, and William Benet of Botley, a relation, it is said, of Wykeham's mother, was admitted in 1404.

Those early consanguinei were expensive. A sum of 49s. iirf. was charged for clothing, &c., for John Wykeham in 1393. The Computus Roll for 1394 is missing, but we may assume that the same sum was allowed in that year, as we find it allowed again in 1395. I suppose that as no particulars are given, it was paid to John Wykeham's friends, and they applied it for his benefit. In the Roll of 1395 the following entries relate to the two Warenners : —

' Straw for their beds, 2d, ; oblations for them on Innocents' and St Nicholas' Days, 4^. ; sixteen pairs of the peaked shoes (soculares), then in fashion (which the Scholars were not allowed to wear), 6s, &/. ; eight pairs of walking shoes (caligae), 75. 6d, ; five and three-quarter yards of russet cloth for summer wear, 8s. id, ; cost of making four gowns, four hoods, two pairs of " puynettes," and two subtunicles, 23ef. ; two sets of fur for winter wear, 4s. ; eleven ells of linen for shirts and drawers, including the cost of making, 7s. iid. ; four and a half yards of blanket for their beds, 45. 6d. ; five ells of " canvas " (unbleached linen for sheets), including the cost of making, 7s. 11^.; a quilt and a tester, 8s. ; paper and ink (incaustum), 15^. : money for offertories at Christmas and Easter, and for a lamp on St. John's Eve, 3^.' It is evident that these boys were turned out as became gentlemen's sons. Philip Bryan had in the same year, * Four yards of green doth, for a gown and hood on St. John Baptists' Day, 4s. ; making it, 8^. ; four ells of linen for a surplice, 3s. ; making it, i2d, ; a ready made shirt, 7^. ; a pair of walking shoes, 5^. ; a pair of shoes with peaks, i2d, ; a knife, 4^.' ^ Candles and rushes for the chamber of the three boys were cl^arged 2d.

Similar entries occur in 1397 and 1398, and Richard Brakke- legh whom we have heard of before (ante p. 84) had 6s.8rf. as tutor to all three. In 1400 735. 6rf. was allowed for clothing Bryan, the Warenners, and Aas, and one of the chaplains earned 65. Brf. as their tutor. In 1402 five yards of frieze (panni de friez) for Bryan and Aas, the Warenners having left^ cost 285. 9e/.

' A knife or a pair of knives seems to have been a favourite present at that period : e.g. ' In ij paribus cultellorum hamessiatorum (hafled) cum argento deaurat. unde j dabatur custodi Oxon. tempore visitadonis sue et alt. pro Joh. Tanfeld registrario Dm £pi. v^ ' is an entry in a Computus, temp. Hen. V.

' Reginald Warenner entered New College in 1409.

Anmds of Winchester Colli

ie allowance for clothing ftc, was by ni Wykeham's death. The two Bolneys, trother John, a comnioner, had i6s. lod. i ; and Man^de and Spore were allowed rast to the sums formerly allowed *. Eii ; not numerous in the early days of tht l^;es were not appreciated. There wert ^o years afterwards, and only twenty- ng the seventy-two years ensuing Wykel ;tween the last of these and the next, }o\ p of seventy-two years. Whether anylx during thts long period and was rejected nowing. Probably the electors were un ley when he presented himself in I548> <

lie sam of 135. 41/., however, was laid out in the lOlster for Bartholomew Bolney (adm. 156a) and IT named Hyllor (adm. 1559] forteaching him. A fii. Jlowed for his outfit to New College in 1565. lie entiy under custus coosanguineonim is ' Nih

liat is to say :—

ides, John, 1413. A son of Sir Walter Sandes, K

ifarenners.

le, Richard, 1413.

1, John, 1413. Fell N. C, 1433-31. Vicar of Hm

veil. Essex. In 1439 he got into hot water with si

(ringing the story of his grievances before the sodi

f. as a iolatiitm. ' In solut. Joh. Aas, consang. DEI

eld aggravate per quosdam de parochionis suia ei r

Iney, Bartholomew, 1415, Son of John Bolney b

Iter of Alice, the Founder's aunt. Fell. N. C.,' Mai

ore, Thomas, 1434. Fell N.C. 1433. Bolney, Joh

,nyle, John, 1437.

GUbert, Tho

^keham, Percival, 1437, of Swal-

.46a

:Uffe.

Wulslroppe,

,ynow, Thomas, 1439.

a descend

rwe or Borow, John, 1440.

Fell

Fiennes, Ri.

H.C, u,B.

Bolney, Rol

ynow, Richanl, 1449.

Haynow, Jt

■ngebome, William, 1449.

Wode, Rich

ney, John, 1450.

Persevale, T

ngeborne, William, 1454.

■478.

ddlcton, Leonard, 1461.

Reson, Will

son, Walter, 1461. Fea N

. C,

Reson, Rob

■469.

Gerard, joh

The Founder's Kin. 97

done so on the principle of the canon law, which is followed in our Statutes of Distribution — that kinship after four descents ceases to be kinship. At any rate, they admitted him, and con- sequently, could not say nay to the claim of Richard Fiennes in 15^ This boy certainly had as strong a claim as possible. A namesake of his had enjoyed the privileges of the Order one hundred and four years previously. Another had been a Fellow commoner in 1467. Richard Fiennes was the eldest son of Sir Richard Fiennes, Knt., of Broughton, Oxon, by Ursula, daughter of Richard Fermor, of Easton Neston, and heir expectant of the ancient barony of Say. In a marginal note to his name in the Register of Scholars he is said to be a great-great-grandson of Margaret, wife of Lord Say and daughter of William Wykeham of Broughton, the said William Wykeham being son and heir of Sir Thomas Wykeham, Knt, who was the son of William Perot by Alice, daughter of William Champneys, whose wife was Agnes, the sister of the Founder. And this note is conceived to be accurate. However, in 1586, when the Society was writhing imder the claims of so many Founder's kin *, whom they were compelled to prefer to their own kin. Bishop Cooper, the Visitor (who was no friend of the class, and three years later limited the number to eighteen at a time, in both Colleges), pronounced the marginal note ' utterly void and of no effect,' on the ground that it differed in material points from the original indenture. The fact is, that the entry in the original in- denture, * Ric. Fenys de Broghton cons. Dm Fundatoris,' was right as far as it went. Richard Fiennes in 1569 contented himself with tracing his pedigree back to the father of the Richard Fiennes of 1465, instead of all the way to Wykeham's sister, and this circumstance was laid hold of by the Bishop in order to throw a doubt on the accuracy of the marginal note.

The success of Sir Richard Fiennes led to a similar claim by his neighbour in the country, Humphrey Wykham of Swaldiffe ,' who filed a bill against the two Wardens in 1572 for the purpose of establishing it '. Lord Burghley referred the cause for in-

* * We swarm with them,' says Warden Bigg, in 1733.

' He had taken admission as an ordinary scholar in 1544.

* See Thomas White to Lord Burghley, Domestic State Papers, vol. Ixxzix, Sept I, 157a, and Sir R. Fiennes to the same, ib. vol. xc, Nov. 25, 1572.

H

98 Annak of IVinchester College.

quiry to two civilians, Doctors Lewis and Awbrey, and Glover, Somerset Herald. Lord Burghley writes to the latter : —

•Whereas I have directed my letter unto Mr. Doctor Lewis

and others to pray y™ to hear and consider a certain controversy

between S' Richard Fiennes and one Humphrey Wickhara,

wherein there is like to fall out some matter p'taining to Armoury

and so properly belonging to ye Faculty, I have thought good to

pray and require you as one y^ that hath a good report to be skilful

in ye same, according to y' profession, to attend upon ye said

Dr. Lewis and ye residue at such time and place as they shall name

unto you, to ye end you may be there to resolve y"* in such doubts

and questions as they shall have in the hearing of ye said contro-

versie p*taining to y' profession and skill, wherein I doubt not but

ye will shew 3rrself ready, both for ye increase of y' own knowledge

and for my sake ; and so fare you well. From my house ye 6th of

Decemb. 157a.

* Yr. loving friend,

*W. Burghley/

Somerset answers learnedly, after this manner * : —

* It may please y' Lordship to understand y* according unto y' Lordship's appointment I have given mine attendance on Mr. Dr. Lewis and Mr. Dr. Awbrey at ye sundry times of hearing ye contro- versie between S^^ Richard Fiennes, Knight, and Humfrey Wickham of Swacliffe, Esq., for ye cause of consanguinity and kindred to William Wyckham sometime Bp. of Winchester, and have seene ye Evidences and Pedegrees and all other their allegations and Exhibits on either side : of ye sum whereof ye same learned men no doubt do make pithy and learned relations unto y' Lordship. Yet because every small appointment from y' Lordship is with me of no less force than ye greatest comandment of others, I was not pleased with m3rself, nor would think I had fully done my duty, until I had likewise made relation unto y' Lordship of so much of mine obser- vacon in ye hearing of ye controversie as did concern my pTession and faculty. And first, whereas Humfrey Wickham ye plaintiff for ye proof of his consanguinity to the Bp. of Winchester was to derive himself ab uno sHpite with ye said Bp., that was he not able to do upon shew of his Pedegree. The which notwithstanding S' Richard Fiennes did, proving himself lineally descended from ye body of Agnes, sister to ye said Bp., whereby his consanguinity to the said Bp. is found to be in ctmfesso and undoubted. And therefore the principal help failing, the s^ Humfrey for ye proof of his kindred did

> His report is printed in the CoUedanta Topograpkka tt Geiuaiogictu

The Founder^s Kin. 99

graan<| his allegations and reasons chiefly upon these two ailments Ab IdeniUaie nominis et ab Identitafe Armorum, Ab IdenHiate nominis, because y* he was called Wycham, by which name he and all his ancestors have been called since ye time of K. H. 3. For disproof whereof S* Rich. Fiennes shewed a chapiter of ye life of ye said Bp. written in ye Statute Book of Winchester College * , entitled " De Fro- st^ eiusdem Pairis, et tUn et ex quibus originem duxit" wherein ye said Bp. is said to be borne in ye towne of Wyckam in ye County of Southampton, and to have had his name Wyckam from ye place. As also he shewed ye genealogie of one Agnes ye sister to ye said Bp., written in ye same Statute Book \ wherein it is said y* his father's name was John Longe. The validity of which argument is sufficientlie exprest (I doubt not) by these learned men. The second argument, Ab IdmtitaU Armorum, if it were as well proved as it was by the said Humfrey Wickam aptlie arrayed, it would help much to ye proof of his intent, because ye Text saieth sicut identitas cognominis inducit frtsumptionem agnatkmis aut cognationis ; which is fortified by this reason :—Quoniam sicut nomina imponuntur aut reperiuntur ad cO' gnoscendas homines, ita etiam arma seu insignia adinventa sunt ad cognoscendas /amilias et cognationes. The said Humfrey did alledge y* these arms wch ye Bp. bore were ye arms of his family, and y* they do stand and are scene to be such in the glass windows of ye parish church of Swalcliffe, where he now dwelleth, and y* his ancestors having borne arms by prerogative of their race (whereof two in descent have been knights) he knew (he said) no other arms for his name but these.

* Whereunto Sir Richard Fiennes did reply, and say y* there were also in ye parish church of Swacliffe other arms for ye name of Wickam, viz, Ermyn, a bordure gules, replenished with mullets of gold— which ye said Humphrey would in no wise graunt to be ye proper coate for his name, but say that those were ye arms of ye Count de Tanquerville of which house (as he sayth) he is descended. .... Touching this argument, this I note ; That ye said Bp. bare his arms diversly at two sundry times, as the scales thereof showed by S' Richard Fiennes do testify. Before he was Bp., when as yet he was but Archdeacon of Lincoln, he sealed but with one chevron in his arms between three roses '. But after, when he was advanced to ye Bprick, he sealed with two chevrons between three' roses : and so are generally known to this day to have been his without contradic- tion. The sayd Humfrey Wickam hath not yet made proof y* any

^ I e. in Heete's Lifi of Wyktham, which is bound up with the copy of the Statutes which he gave to the Society.

* This is a mistake. The genealogy in question is written in the Vdus

Registrufft. ^ These were the arms of the family of Perots also.

H 2

loo Annab of Winch

of his ancestors did use either one oi But the other coat with ye field Era did put him in mynd of, and which fa seene in divers books in ye office of . of ye name Wyckam, without any a found to be of as great or greater a arms. Moreover ye said Humfrey which ye said Bp. used, as confim Mr. Hervy, the late Clarencieuz, ani is', under their hands. And it may is an ancient gentleman, and descei house and lords of ye manor of Swac before ye said Bp. was bom, that M did think ye said Bishop to have be of Swacliffe, and y* ye arms y* he Wyckam of Swacliffe. What oth allow those ye said Bp.'s arms unto known.

' It liath been demanded of me by ye arms which ye said Bp. used wei his Dignity Episcopall, or were bon from his Ancestors and Rank. W affirmatively because 1 had never se of them. But having read certen lear Bp. which do agree in this, that he he was called Wyckam a lofx> und (asisalsoaffirmedinyechapiterofh also his father called John is said to I and he himself, by Ranulph, Monk libtiimus vel a patre iibtriino natus, I them) that those arms came not to beholding the arms sometime with chevrons [quas quidfttt insignia per c portabanlur, as Nicholas Upton writ quality of ye bearer, who is said to for his skill in architecture {erai enim a fabricis, ed quod ingeniosus el archil maketh mention in his book De aniiqi 1 was induced to think per coMjectun ye first bearer of them.

' 1 have for y'' L'ship's understandii Pedegrees exhibited by either of yi cause ; which together with ye arms

The Founder's Kin. loi

Arms y' L'ship shall receauve herewith. And thus I beseech God to p'serve y' L'ship in health honour and prosperitie to ye great comfort of ye Princess, Country, Friends, and Wellwishers.

' Y' L'ship's as y' servant most bound,

* SOMERSETT.'

'The originalls hereof are in my Lord's hands at Broughton, together with this draught of a pedegree (as it seems) then exhibited by Humfrey.

PEDIGREE.

'Rob. Wyckam, Lord of Swacliffe, whose sonne and heir was Sir Robert Wykham, Lord of Swacliffe, whose sonne and heir was Thomas Wyckham, whose sonne and heir was : —

Sir Thomas Wyckam, Knight, heir and kinsman of ye Bp. of Winchester, who had three sonnes : —

(i) William Wyckam, heir to S' Thomas Wykham whose only dau. and heir Margaret, S' William Fiennes, L. Say and Scale, marryed, and had by her : — Henry Fiennes, L^ Say and Scale.

(2) Thomas Wyckam, second brother to William Wyckam,

of whom ye Wyckams living at this time at Swacliffe say they descended, as foUoweth: John, Thomas, Edward, Humfrey, etc.

(3) Percivall Wyckam, who dyed a child, and is supposed to be ye Perdval Wykam who was admitted child of Win- chester College ^ : as appeareth by the Prothocollum Book of ye CoUedge.

*(i) Here S' Tho. Wykam, Knt., and heir to William of Wykam, Bp. of Winchester, sonne of Thomas Wyckam of Swacliffe and grandchild of S' Robert : whereas S' Thomas of Wykham truly was sonne to Alice and WUliam Perot, which Alice was dau. and heir to Agnes, onely sister of ye said Bp. As is to be seen in express terms in ten deeds my Lord hath in his hands, some from ye Bp. himself, others from S' Thomas Wykeham and others.

' (2) It is clear from many evidences y* Thomas de Wykeham, Sonne to S' Thomas de Wykeham (from whom they derive them- selves) left no issue male. Among other proofs thereof, that is most clear, which is a confession of Richard Fiennes to be the lineall heir of Margaret, ye daughter of William Wykeham, made by Robert Strange and John Strange, when Richard Fiennes recovered ye mannor of Gerbston of them, saying y* it belonged to him " ed quod fdktus Thomas de Wykeham obiit sine herede masculo de corpore sua

* In 1437.

I02 Annals of Winchester College.

exeuntey prout per recordum et proussum in curid p^dkL apud West- fnonast, resicknte plane UquetJ'

* (3) There was indeed one Thomas Wykeham of Swacliffe "who lived about ye time of S' Thomas de Wykeham and of William de Wykeham, Bp. of Winchester : but y* he was no kinne to y" (much less father or son to S' Thomas de Wykeham) appears by a letter of attorney amongst my Lord's deeds by Thomas Couke and Joh. de Keton to this effect : —

' ** Omnibus Christi iidelibus etc. Sciatis nos constitulsse attomasse et loco nostro posuisse dilectos nobis in Christo Henricum Somertony Thomam Wykham de Swaclive, Joh. Carswode, etc. ad liberand. pro nobis et nomine nostro venerabili in Christo patri et domino Domino Willelmo de Wykeham, Epo Winton, plenam et pacificam seisinam, etc. ita quod post mortem dicti Epi omnia p'dicta tene- menta, etc. remaneant Thomae de Wykeham, filio Willmi Perot et Aliciae uxoris ejus et consanguineo dicti EpI et aliis diversis personls in feodo talliato, etc. Dat. octavo die Julii ann. regni Regis Ricardi secundi sexto decimo."

* (i) Herein he is called simply Thomas Wykham of Swaclive, distinguished from S' Thomas Wykeham thus— £/ Thomae de Wykeham filio Willi et Aliciae Perot (qu. the Pedegree false) con- sanguineo dicti Eft etc. Nay, if their Pedegree were true this Thomas must needs be either Father or Sonne to S' Thomas Wykeham. And then (besides the incongruity y* either father or son should be employed as Attorney in this kind) there would be no distinction between Thomas Wykham that was ye attorney and Thomas Wykeham to whom ye manor was to remain after ye Bp.'s death. For the former would have been consanguineus dicti Eft, but the other would have been also Thomas Wykeham of Swaclive, as being sonne or father to ye Lord of Swacliffe.

* (a) In this deed his name of Swaclive is allwayes written thus, — " Wykham." The Bp.'s and S' Thomas his thus, " de Wykeham.** So there is a D and an E more in ye latter than in ye former. The difference of y^ is but small ; yet constantlie observed in ye deeds. The other is also generally used in ye deeds in ye name of ye Bp^ of S'^ Thomas de Wykeham, and of his two brothers, William and John de Wykeham, who were Perot's sons, and took ye name of Wykeham from ye Place where the Bp. was bom.

* (3) Were their draught true yet they show not what kin they are the Bp. : because they show not what kin Sir Thomas was to him, as indeed he would be none, if he were descended from Thomas and Robert, Lords of Swacliffe, as they would have it. But the Fiennes

The Founder's Kin. 103

on the contrary doe not onely show how they are descended of S' Thomas Wykeham by his grandchild Margaret, but allso how he Vf3s descended of Agnes, onely sister to ye Bp., namely his mother Alice Perot being the onely daughter and heir of ye said Agnes.

'Qu. Whether there are at this time any Wickham Founder's kin;

*Ans. Probably na For they are either descended from ye chil- dren of William and Alice Perot (who indeed took on y» the name of Wykeham) or else from some other of ye Founder's kindred who in like manner took upon y*^ ye name of Wykeham. Not from the sons of Perot, for they left no heirs male of their bodyes, whereupon divers mannors returned to Margaret the right heir of ye Founder, as appeareth by the evidences. Nor probably did any other of ye Bp/s kindred take y* name upon y" (if they did let them prove it). If any, 'tis likely the Ryngbomes would have done It, who come next to the children of William and Alice Perot in all successions.

'Qu. But there have been of that name admitted into Winton College as Founder's kinsmen ?

* Ans. Some years after ye Founder's time there were of Perof s race y* bare ye name (as is said before) but either they dyed children, dergiemen, or otherwise without issue male. So that ye name is extinct in y* race. But as there have been Wykehams admitted as Founder's kin into Winton, so there have been Wyckams of Swacliffe admitted as probationers in New College, as I have heard.^

The cause was heard before Lord Keeper Bromley, when " for the dy%cultye of the judgment to be given upon the process and for the generall endynge of all further controversye and strief touching the same," it was by consent decreed that Humphry Wykham should renounce his claim of kinship, and that his sons Thomas and Fer- dinando should be ''admytted scholars into the said Colledge by Winchester, where they shall have such allowance and education, and be from thence preferred unto the said Colledge in Oxford .... as if they were the blood of the Founder .... without allowing or confessing that they are of the same blood or kin, and . . . that every heire apparent of the plaintiff and his heires for four descents which shall next happen from the nowe heire apparent of the plaintiff^ or in the stead of heire apparent, one of the brethren of every of the said heires apparent shall be admitted," etc'

It was part of the decree, as we have seen, that Humphry Wykham should renounce his claim of kinship to the Founder,

* i e. Not as Founder's kin, for that class were entitled to be admitted with- OQt a period of probation.

' See Blackstone's Essay on CollattnU Consanguin^y, p. 76 ; Report of G«- ford University Commissioners, 1852, p. 159.

104 Annals of W

This he did for himself and '. nunciation in 1580. His son election of the same year as an

Their success against the ^^ Society to dispute the claim of A suit in Chancery followed, the matter to Bishop Cooper a 1589 limiting the number of Fc and eight at Oxford at any 01 of either of those families who

This order continued in force kin were abolished on the : University Commissioners in Robinson and Edward Payne, t in 1857.

In 1633 Humphry Wykham of Swalcliffe, revived the famil; man of bis, William Wykham c

In 1635-6 Humphry Wykh; ham of SwalclifFe, joined Will petition to Charles 1. The p had tendered one William Dea at the last election, but without tion of the Viscount Saye and to Archbishop Laud, the Earl ! Chester*. They granted an 01 and cited Lord Saye to appear on January 31, 1637-8. The 1 the claim'. I subjoin the pedig was supphed by the Herald's G s: m ° as that which Somerset 1

' Appendix XIII.

' The Archbishop and bis colleaguea Chamber, the Ust of January, 1637,' t make sundry specious arguments for t the founder, and that Ibe same arme! assumed by the plaintifls, and some i observaconi are made by [he petitionei and there hath been exhibition of 3uii< yet Wee, taking into consideratioD the the several) objections of the plaintiff pkinti^' kindred to the founder.'

The Founder's Km. 105

Robert Wickham, Lord of Swaldiff =p Maud, dau. of Reginald Watervill

Sir Robert Wickham, Lord of Swalclifi^Elizabeth, dau. of Sir John le Sore, Knt

Ralph Wickham Thomas Wickham John ^ATickham Richard Wickham^ d. s. p. I

Thomas Wickham

I .

1 n n :^i.

Guy Edward Thomas John Percival

Wickham Wickham Wickham, Wickham* Wickham'

of Swaldiff

^ \

r

Wid

John Wickham=?:Alice Lydeard, of Glympton Robert Wickham

Thomas Wickham=T=Jocosa Hanbury

Edward Wykham^Isabel Poulson

^,

Humphry Wykham, of Swaldiffi=A dau. of Edward Underbill

The above pedigree was made out in 1571 by Robert Coake, Clarendeux, King of Arms, * according to the truth of his evidences and other proofs whereby it is apparent, and myne own opinion is, that he (Humphry Wykham) is of the blood of the Bishop William Wickham your founder, and ought to have the prerogative he daymeth amongst you as others of the blood of the bishop have had heretofore. And him I doe permit to bear and use these armes' (the Founder's) 'for anything that may be said to the contrarie.'

This was all very well for Clarencieuz in the character of an expert witness for the plaintiff; but his pedigree does not seem to me to establish the kinship which he declares to exist by showing the identity of any ancestor of the Swalcliffe family with Sir Thomas Wykeham, Alice Perot's son. Nor does Mr. Wykeham Martin's able pamphlet claim to do more than set out the presumptions in favour of the claim. The strong point in its favour is the admission of Percival Wykham as Founder's kin in 1437 ; but was the evidence on which he was admitted in

' Clarendeuz says, * This Richard was of the blood of the Bysshop of Win- chester, as appeareth by a Court rolL'

' Clarendeux says, ' In the fifth year of H. IV (1403) John Wickham brother to Percival and cosen to the Founder was named in dection to bee Warden of the New College in Oxford, as appeareth by the Prothocall booke, fol 47/

* Clarencieux says, * This Percivall was sworn Child of Winchester in the z8th yeare of H. 6. as is to be proved by the Prothocall booke of Wynchestre.'

Annals i

;ar any better than eld to be Jnsuffici ams of Swalcliff mi table family, far mc t of kin to it '. lote opposite the ] U which was made (

purposes of Hum] ing the numerous hard Ficnnes, may

and thirteenth Bai niel Fiennes, the F her House, (1623 □mer and chronolt

College (1595):

and Warden of I : Sir John FranI : Thomas Oldys, . 1, physician to Wil 3hief Justice of Ch lliam III (1661): ■ of St, Andrew's,

electors' judgment on tt :, the tamily of BathuTsI ten assumption ■bout I ed through ha motber t, and Eliubeth Fieitii< )6, when Warden Shut Register :— ' Hoc anno Bathuiatorum falso et e

FTthing that can be said iiphlet by C. WykehMn »pt to tslablish Iht duct famSy of Wyhtham o/i he Grat ^^scouDt Clare: ord Say was of a prou aks, having been bred ilege, in Oiford ; to wl [i. e. claimed) ' to have : good by a br fetched shcs all relations orkini dates following the luu hestcr College.

The Foundef^s Kin.

107

Dqus de Stratton neere Selborne

Amy^WiUiam Stratton

I

Julian Alice=pWilliam Bowde Eleanor

John Longe^Sibilla

WOluun, Bishop of Winchester William Champneys=y:Agnes

Alice=T=William Perot

»e ' I

Thomas Perot, who 1 ( dau. of was called Sir Thomas > =r 1 William Wykeham, Knt ) I ( Wylkesey

I

William Perot John Perot

k

Sir William Fenys=T=£lizabeth Battisford

William Wykeham

Sir Roger Fenys

Sir Richard Fenys Lord Dacre.

I

Sir James Fenys, Knt, ist Lord Saye and Sele

Sir William Fenys, Knt,=^Margaret Wykeham and Lord Saye and Sele

Richard Fenys d. s. p.

Fenys,=T=

Henry Fenjrs,

3rd Lord Saye and Sele

Dau. of Sir Richard Harcourt, Knt

John Fenys

i

Iwara Fenys=F

Richard Fenys^Elizabeth, dau. of Richard

Crofte

Anne Fenys Edward Fenys=pMargaret, dau. of Elizabeth^William

Sir John Danvers

Sir Richaird Fenys=f=Ursu]a, dau. of Richard Fermor,

living in anno

of Eston (Easton) Neston

Richard Fenys

Elizabeth Fenys

Danvers of Culworth

bani

John Danvers

Mary, m. to

Robert Barker

of Sulgrave

Dorothy, m. to

Henry Sacheverell

of Kibworth

^1

Anne, m. to George Blount of Wigginton.

Annals

0 died early e Broke (1674 Imiralty (167 /illiam Some >ber, son of bber (1697): ihn Burton, 1

Oxon (1713) Pye, Archdi Professor si

1 the Univers Norwich (175 in the Univi

tf Oxford V ean of Roche

Commons (i sthurst, Arch

envoy to Vi ;erwards War Lincoln (18 325) : Edwari of State for tl

CHAPTER VII. The Commoners.

None ia scheme of foundation.— How introduced. — Fellow commoners and pensioners. — Various sources of information. — Day boys recognised by Wykeham. — Cardinal Beaufort's Injunction. — Purchase of St £li2abeth'a College. — Imbers Case. — Guy Dobbins. — School Rolls. — Number at different times. — Dr. Burton's alterations in College. — He founds Com- moners.— New Commoners. — Recent improvements.

It is almost certain that there were no commoners in Wyke- ham's original scheme of foundation. The only allusion to them in the Statutes is contained in a single clause tacked on at the end of Rubric XVI : De Extraneis non iniroducendis ad onus Col- legit. Notwithstanding the general rule against harbouring strangers within the walls of the College, a few sons of gentle- men of influence who are particular friends of the Society {nobi* lium ei valentium personarum et CoUegio specialiter amicorum), may be received and educated there, so that they be no burden to the College. Their number is not to exceed ten at a time, probably because there was just one spare room in College —the chamber over Fifth — ^which would hold that number con- veniently. The reason why Wykeham made this concession is, I think, obvious. Wykeham's foundation — an educational one, unconnected with any religious house — ^was a novelty. We may imagine the country gentlemen of Hampshire watching the experiment with interest, and asking to be allowed to have che same education for their sons, by paying for it, as Wyke- ham's poor scholars were getting gratis. Compare the demand at the present day for ' paying hospitals,' that is to say, for the admission of paying patients to hospitals intended for the sick [>oor only. I imagine that the exception in favour of the ten

no Annals of Winchester CoUege.

extranet was added to the original Statute about two years after the College was opened, as soon as Wykeham, in deference to the wishes of the country gentlemen of his acquaintance, decided on admitting a limited number of commoners. In the earliest extant fragment that we possess of the Libri Commensaiiumf or Books of the Seneschal of hall, in which the names of all who dined and supped in hall, from day to day, are recorded ; that for the first week of the second quarter of the year beginning at Michaelmas, 1395, the heading ' Extrane ' (outsiders) occurs^ and underneath it the name of John Ramsey, struck through with a pen. And if we look on to the third week of the same quarter we shall find under * Extrane * the name of John Ram- sey, struck through as before, and ' Richard Stanstede,' inserted underneath it. Why John Ramsey's name is struck out we have no means of knowing ; but if he is to be ignored on that ground, then Richard Stanstede was the first of the class of commoners ^. In the next Seneschal's book that is extant, that for the year ending at Michaelmas 1402, the names of Lucays, Sy, and Perys appear under the same heading. One of the Ryngebomes joins them in the second week, and a boy named Chelray (Childrey) appears in the third week. In the last week of the last quarter of the year there were eight of these com- moners in residence, namely, Ryngebome, Sy, Delemare, Harryes, Hussey, Whitby, Wakfeld, and Langryssh. Per- haps this Ryngebome was an elder brother of Nicholas Rynge- borne, who was admitted to College in the year 1404. The Ryngebornes were Founder's kin, but were not admitted in that character in this generation. Harryes is called * alienigena ' * in the Computus of the year 1399, where mention is made of a sum of 205. 10^., which had been spent on new clothes for him and horse-hire on a journey which he took to visit Wyke- ham at Southwark. Harryes is mentioned along with Sy, Wakfeld, Henry Popham, Askham, and the two sons of John

^ I do not know whether to identify him with a Richard Stanstede who sold a service book to the College in 6 H. IV. : — ' In sol. Ric«. Stanstede pro j novo processional! empt. ab eodem hoc anno, xiy* iiij<^ * is an item in the Computus of that year.

' This word was probably used to draw attention to the fact that Harryes as a stranger in blood was not entitled as of right to the allowances which he had by Wykeham's order.

V

The Commoners.

Ill

Uvedale\ in the memorandum accompanying the remarkable Remonstrance which the Society addressed to Wykeham in 1402'.

In October, 1407, there were eleven of these boys — namely, Clyfton and Langeforde, who paid 12^. each, and Basset, Salus- bury, Hende, Thomas, Rjmgebome, Bedmestre, Schoppe, Wolphe, and Halle, who paid 8d. or gd, each per week. The first two no doubt messed with the Fellows, who were allowed i2rf. each per week for their commons; the rest evidently messed with the scholars, whose weekly allowance was 8d, The gd, paid by some probably covered the cost of breakfast, or extras of some kind. Thus early do we discover the existence of two classes of commoners, namely, gentlemen or fellow com- moners, and pensioners', as they are called at Cambridge. In the Seneschal's book for March 1412-3 the names are tabulated thus: —

xij

lid

V11J<

Fitzrychard Spaldyngton Bere

Skydmore Waltham. Corydon . Stawnton Waplod . Ric. Wakfeld Joh. Wakfeld

^ These bo3rs were sons of John de Uvedale, of Wickham in Hampshire, by Sibeila his "wife, who was a daughter of Sir John de Scures, and brought the Wickhaxn property into the Uvedale family (Notices of the family of Uvedale, by G. W. G. Leveson Gower, in Surrey Arckaeoiogical ColUcHons, vol. iii. p. 74). This Sir John de Scures was one of Wykeham*s patrons in early life, for whom, in company with Sir Ralph de Sutton, Knt., Thomas de Fozle, Andrew Ger- veys and John Wodelok, Wykeham directed (Statutes, Rub. xxix) that masses should be sung in the College chapel daily. John de Uvedale, the &ther of those two bo3rs, must have had some claim upon the gratitude of Wykeham. He was a nephew of Sir Peter de Uvedale, who however can scarcely have been the * Maister Wodall of Wickham ' who ' brought up William of Wickham at Schoole* as Stow says in his Chronicles, inasmuch as the Uvedales, as Mr. Leveson Gower has pointed out, were not in existence at Wickham in Wyke^ bam*s school days. Who the * Uvedallus patronus Wiccami * was must remain unknown.

* See next chapter.

' A pensioner, strictly speaking, is one who pays a ^ pensio ' or rent for his room, as distinguished from a scholar, who has them rent free.

ii» Annals of h

A year later we find : —

Martyn . Fawkener, major'

Spaldyngtf Skydmore Stawnton Waplod . Haulton . Bradewell

Fawkener, minor

In the last week of Octobc guished : —

COMMENSAL

COMMENSALES Dyngley. Banke.

Walton. Neuge.

In 1424 the period of resid<

Thomas Uvedale William Uvedale Knoyle Hamdene .

' Note this use of major and ' mi younger brothers. The father of H father of Hampton, ma.' in the boob

* Qu. one of the members for Hui et Rob" Wickham bui^Dsium ad Pai ■nnis preteiilia, iij' iiij'' is an entry i ton in 1445, indicating that 3s. 4JL t towards the payment of the two kn £Aeentb century.

* Qu. son of William Covcntre, thi

The Commoners.

COMMENSALES CUM SCOLARIBUS:

"3

WBBK8.

I>ynley 19

Canterbery ^^j

Sprygges 41

Han3rton 48J

Sayer 4^

Golde 32

Wykeham 44

Kyngescote 32

In 1441 the names are : —

Whyte. Dabridgecourt

Scarborow.

Gryll.

Pavy.

Worsley.

Elyaut (Eliot).

Holmyche or Holmege.

Boteler.

Hastyngs.

Avenelle.

In 1447 the number of pensioners had increased to twelve : —

Haydok, Gayner.

Asshelegh.

Holmyche.

Gawter.

Savage.

Palmer.

In 1448 : —

Haydok. Lysle.

Kent.

Upham.

Kenett.

Yne or Yve.

Phylypps.

Alwyn.

Robyns.

Savage*

Phylypps.

Mychelgrove.

In 1454 :— Wallar.

Axbrygge.

Longe.

Sandrys.

Robyns.

Yne or Yve.

Wynne.

Wynne. Theyle. Mychelgrove.

Vale. Jamys. Saymour {sic), Fyscher.

The Commoners.

"5

In 1483 : —

Tylney, sen. * (John). Tylney, jun. (Richard). Pawlett.

Odam.

In i486 ;—

Tyhiey, sen. Tylney, jun. Pawlett Pownde. Fyscher.

In 1490 : —

Moreys.

Pownde.

HyUe.

Caylewey (Cayley)

Frye.

In 1493 :—

Wallar.

Unyon.

Wayta.

Boureman.

Bulkeley.

Crowe.

Rede.

In 1500 : —

Servyngton.

More.

Knoyle.

MordaunL

Esterfeld.

Eland.

Doune.

Gybbons.

Gybbrysh.

Bermysley.

Torre.

Wykar.

Odam.

Gybbons.

Powton.

Bermysley.

Torre,

Bartilmew.

Clere.

Mapull.

Barrett

Charyte.

Clavyl.

Warham.

Whytehedde.

Purwyck

Statham.

Aylyng.

Grafton.

Fawkener.

Colley.

Belchamber.

London.

MapulL

Clavyll.

* * Major,' * minor,' and ' minimus,' however, occur among the scholars of this

I 2

I Annals of IVt

n 151 1 :—

Warham.

Purdew.

Goodman.

Sopar.

Hartewelle.

n 1520:— Purdew.

Awdley, Bryges.

rhe Seneschal's books end ii : Book of Benefactions to tfa nation respecting the commt :h infonnation respecting thi Jie fact that their entrance fi books, or that they presente , or in after life, to the C nes have been ascertained i names of boys who, like 1 liege. Boys were often sent ancies in College. Some ( iimni ' : others are said to be nsam pueronim ; * and a fev legium * — boys who boarded

1543, John Moryn.

date. Nicholas Martyn, qy. s(

1601. William Stafibrde, gent

a copy of Cranmi mother, Lady Dor upon condition that in which he was ed

1602. John Sharrock .

1604. Thomas Booth . Robert Hayes . John and William Spei

1605. Andrew Pawlett John Warner. Isaac Allen. Robert Urry.

The Commoners.

117

1606.

1607. 1608. 1609.

i6ia

1611.

Sch. 1607. Sch. i6o5. Ad m. puer. Sch. i6o8«

n

99

John Harmar.

John Pope.

Worsley Batten .

WiUiam Wither

James Yelding .

George Hardinge

Thomas and Arthur Lake

John Foscet

Mountjoy Blount, eldest son of the Earl of Devon.^

Benjamin Tichborne. . • Ad m. soc.

Andrew Turpyn . . . Sch. 1607.

Simon Harcourt, qy. Sir Simon Harcourt, Knt.

161a. 1613.

1614.

1615.

1616.

1617.

i6ia

I6I9. 1620. 1621. 1622.

16^3. 1624.

John George Thomas Symmes. Samwell George. Adrian Stoughton Thomas Chandler. Thomas James. Roger Pilson. Thomas Locke. William Flinte. William Loveinge. George Rives • William Singleton Thomas Hussey Nicholas Venables Thomas Brooks. Henry Tymberlake Thomas Harvey John Oxenbridge Roger Hackett . John Oviatt Francis Smith. James Kinge . Richard Masters Henry Whithead Walter Rowte . John Hungerford James Rives Thomas Barlow John Barlow Robert Napper. Richard Goddard.

Ad m. soc.

Ad m. soc.

Ad m. soc.

Sch. 1615.

Ad m. soc.

>f w

W 99

„ puer.

Sch.

1615.

»» f>

>J w

Sch.

1615.

., 290C

Sch. 1608.

Ad m. soc.

w »

W f>

„ puer.

„ soc.

» II

„ puer.

Sch.

1623.

f*

»

^ The Earldom of Devon was really dormant at this time.

r

The Commoners.

119

1640-1

1642.

1643.

1644.

1646U

John Davenant .

Ad m. soc.

John Selby

n

puer.

John Jones

»

»

John George

9t

)9

Richard Jones .

• »>

99

Charles Clifford

' • f>

99

Sch. 1642.

John Danvers .

• • >»

»

Sch. 1641.

John Dantsey .

• • >i

»

Sch. 164a

Humphrey Hyde

• • n

»>

John Rives

• n

9>

William Hyde .

V

99

Sch. 1641.

John Ryves

• • 99

99

John Swaine

• >»

99

Sch. 1642.

Edmund Ryves .

>i

99

Sch. 1641.

Joseph Thorowgood .

w

99

Thomas Ralegh

• w

soc.

Nicholas Westbrooke

»

puer.

Sch. 1642.

Charles Trimnell

' • >»

99

Sch. 1642.

Richard Lawrence .

»

99

Charles Lawrence .

» • j>

99

Sch. 1642.

Edmund Clerk .

• • »

soc.

Thomas Hanbury

99

99

Richard Glidd •

M

puer.

John Hutton

Sch. :

[643.

Thomas Aldridge

Sch. ]

[644.

Henry Beeston, ad m. ]

puer. ; sch. 1644 ; headmaster,

1658-79.

Warner South .

Ad. m. puer.

Sch. 1644.

Launcelot Harwood .

• »

99

Sch. 1644.

Matthew Ryves

* • jj

99

Sch. 1644.

Thomas Ken, ad m. puer

. ; sch. 1651 ;

Bp. of Bath and

Wells.

William Terry . .

Ad. m. puer.

Sch. 1652.

Richard GifFord

»

99

Francis Ashley .

• »

99

Richard Stanley

w

99

Sch. 1653.

Christopher Minshull

M

99

Sch. 1652.

Edward Allanson

• • »

99

Capel Wiseman *

Sch. ;

1652.

1651.

* FcUow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Bishop of Dromore. He fna a son of Sir William Wiseman, Bart, by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Henry Capel, Knt. His cousins, Charles and Henry Capel, sons of Lord Capel of Hadeham, who was beheaded with the Duke of Hamilton and the Earl of Holland in 164&-9, entered Commoners witli Capel Wiseman; and left in 1652,

I30 Annals of I

1653. Thomas May .

John May, 30a of Commensalis ex

1653. Christopher May. John Morley, son of

extra Collegium. Thomas Willbore

1654. Thomas Hussey William Harrison

1655. John Richards John Stewkeley, of ]

No date. Francis Dare

William Prater . Samuel Woodford. Charles Luke .

1669. Richard Chandler, a

1670. Francis Thistlethwa

thwayte of Wini Robert Rerrepont, 1 Pierrepont, son upon- Hull. No date. Edward Nicholas. George Wither . George Vernon . Francis Stephens Hugh Wyndham Thomas Edmonds of Francis Swanton, qy William Buckeridge,

The last recorded instan being spent in books for thi Harris, the diplomatist, afte left Commoners in Septembe

A few more names of earl Bursars' accounts. The 'n sent their sons into Com] battels with the same reguls

giving ' studii in hoc Collesio gn donation o{£aa, which was spent ii the Warden's lodgings, and the w volumes, folio.

' 'H.M. natus Rawmeriae in Ag probably a commoner of this family.

The Commoners. lai

are carried over from year to year in the Bursars' accounts, often long after they might have been written off as bad debts. The following unpaid scores appear in the Computus of

1457 :

s, d, John Smyth, 4a weeks in 1404 34 o

Thomas Lawrance, 42 weeks in 1404 a8 3

Henry Husee, 16 weeks in 1404 16 o

John Asshe, 10 weeks in 1404 6 8

John Bonner of Isleworth, 7 weeks in 1412 . • • 5 o

Henry Langeforde, 39 weeks in 141a . . . • 39 o

Thomas Byflete, 40 weeks in 1413 50 6

Thomas Weston, of Guildford, 9 weeks in 1413 • • .90

John Faukener, 4a weeks a8 o

Martin Predyaux (Prideaux), 24 weeks . . . • 24 o

William Faukener, 16 weeks . . . . . . 16 o

Thomas Sandres, for the scholar who waited on him \

59 weeks at at/. 9 10

Thomas Goldsmyth, a weeks . . . . * . •14

John Ryngewode, 40 weeks 98

William Dankastell, 9 weeks 80

John Pauncefote, 16 weeks no

Geoffry Wasyn, a weeks 14

The following names occur in a list of bad debts, amounting to £6i\ 17s. lorf., which were written off in 1611.

1593. Baron Chandos, for son's commons, ai5. : Bethell, for Paw- lef s commons, orjs. : James Crooke, for son's commons, £^ 55. : Edward Betts, his commons, 46s. : Wickham, his commons, £^ as. 6d.

iS94« Foster, his commons, 39s. ; his bedstraw, Bd.

1598. Ciampanti, for son's commons, 125. 6d. : Heydon (the school- master), for the entrance fee of Thomas (pro ingressu Thome), £^ \

1601. Heydon, for a commoner (no name) ', £21^ 8s.

1610. ' In the hands of Dobbins, late usher, for his son's conunons, 33s. : sundries, 3s. 2^* * Harding's commons, £^ 3s.'

' The only recorded instance of this species of service.

' The Bursars seem to have thought that the schoohnaster*s son ought to pty the entrance fee, and accordingly debited his father with it Note, that nntil Dr. Burton opened Commoners, the College, and not the schoolmaster, got the commoners' entrance fees.

' Heydon's son, no doubt. Heydon probably thought that the schoolmaster's son ought to be boarded gratis, and refused to pay for his commons on that groQnd.

Annals of H

re was another class c 13 we should call then s reasons, they are not t i know very little aboul :ontain no reference ti peat the injunction agai ned in his contract with

that he intended to le lys if he pleased. Tl I, in which Wykeham i: ion, had either come to to a choir schooL Thi good day school at th > of Winchester, which (iographer tells us, by i y and suburbs to the [ le scholars on his new : ave occupied the lodgin they moved into Collej !rs. At any rate, thei years after Wykeham'

or a hundred. Cardii eat, with the addition of le master to teach pr

I translate as follows :-

iry, by Divine Permiss d son John Morys, Wai grace, and benediction. ^ said College contain a di ition thereof and ten ex e (the latter at their own the purpose of being ins d from year to year for th ■ (as we are informed) is nmar eighty or a hundre Dus intention of the Four 2nt to instruct so large a

iterea pueros eciam complurea atquc in suburbiis WJntonie,

inCur, suis sumptibus aluit.'

The Commoners. 123

mand you, under peril of the canonical penalties of disobedience, that after the Feast of St Michael next ensuing, ye neither admit nor allow to be admitted any extranet beyond the number limited by the Statutes to study (ad audiendum ^) grammar within the College.

* Given at our Castle of Wolvesey, the tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord 1412, and of our translation the 8th.'

It is remarkable that the Cardinal ignores the usher, and regards the schoolmaster's appointment as a yearly one. If the schoolmaster was really reappointed annually at that period, of which there is no other evidence, it was no doubt in order that he might not claim the vested interest which the Statutes denied him.

What was the practical result of the Cardinal's fulmination ? The gist of it was that, in the opinion of the Cardinal, one master ought not to attempt to teach so many boys. Pole, the school- master (1407-14), may have met the difiSculty by dismissing most of his day boys> or (which is far more likely) by giving a class to the usher, or even engaging an assistant-master. Whatever may have been the result, it is certain that the day-boys survived the Cardinal's manifesto, whether in reduced numbers or not can never be known, and continued to exist as a class until Dr. Burton was able to dispense with them. The two or three boys alluded to above as ' Commensales extra Collegium ' were not of this class, but were members of the privileged class of extranet, who were sent, as Peregrine Pickle was \ with or with- out a private tutor, to reside in lodgings near and attend the school. These eighty day-boys, making with the scholars and commoners a school of one hundred and sixty boys, were doubt- less taught in cloisters during the summer. The old school-room was just large enough to hold them all during the rest of the year.

^ The process of teaching consisted in the master reading aloud the book sentence by sentence, and the scholars repeating it after him, until they all knew it by heart, The size of a class, therefore, given room enough, was only limited by the teacher's capacity to make himself heard and maintain order.

* See Smollett's novel, and Adams' IVykekamicaf p. X13. Writing May 8, 1637, to Sir Edward Nicholas touching his proposal to send his son John to "Vinchester School, Dr. Matthew Nicholas recommends the schoolmaster's

louse as the best place. ' The rate he takes of his boarders is ^20 a year .... t^ear the College the rates of tabling are very high, unless it be in mean houses. . . The master hath promised that whenever he goes he shall be in the Fifth ^k, so that he may be altogether under him in teaching ' (Domestic State °apers, ccdv).

r

124

Annals of Winchester College.

The fifteenth of Bishop Home's injunctions, issued in 1571, refers to the town boy, or oppidan class, by name *.

The conditions upon which the site of St. Elizabeth's College was purchased in 1544 ' seem to me to point to the probability of the Warden and Fellows having been inclined at that period to establish a subordinate school, so as to fill the gap which Henry VHI left by his omission to found a grammar school in connection with the Cathedral of Winchester, such as he founded in most other cathedral cities. It will appear pre- sently that Henry VHI did not establish such a school at Winchester for the reason that the College was considered to supply the want of such a school; a reason which would scarcely have commended itself to his advisers if the College had really been doing no more at that period than educating seventy foundationers from all parts of England, and ten extranet.

An incident which occurred in 1629 shows the importance of the oppidan class at that period in the eyes of the school- master. Dr. Stanley.

The usher, John Imber, a young Fellow of New College^ aged twenty-five or thereabouts ', fell in love with the widow of a deceased citizen of Winchester, threw up his situation, married the widow, and commenced schoolmaster on his own account in the disused chapel * of St. John's Hospital.

Imber must have taken most of the day-boys with him, or Stanley would never have done what I proceed to describe. He applied to the Archbishop of Canterbury (Abbot) to inhibit Imber from teaching Latin. Imber was in the wrong, for he merely held a general license to teach — a certificate of pro- ficiency— from the Court of Faculties, and not the special license from the ordinary which the 77th Canon, ' None to teach school without license,' requires. Stanley's petition to the Archbishop must be quoted here : —

^ ' That every Fellow, schoolmaster, usher, conduct, or servant of the House, and every oppidan or commensal (as they term them) ' shall refrain from the company of excommunicated persons ' &c.

■ Postt ch. XV.

' He was admitted to College in 161 7, at the age of thirteen. A letter of James I, recommending him for promotion to New College, bears date June 35, z6ai {Domestic State Papers, cxxxi).

* In 1 7 10 this chapel began to be used as a free school, and answered that purpose until sixty years ago, when it was restored, and now serves as a chapel for the inmates of the alms-houses of the charity. .

The Commoners. ia5

*To the Most Reverend Father in God, the Archbishop of Canterbury

his Grace, Primate of all England.

'The Humble Petition of Edward Stanley, Schoolmaster in the College neare Winchester : Showinge that whereas the said Schoole of that College, well knowne unto your Grace, doth admitt for in- struction the youth of all sorts in the Citie of Winton and places adjoining.

'So it is, that one John Imber (sometime Usher of ye said Schoole) hath of late upon a general license granted out of yo' Grace's Court of Faculties, or from yo* Vicar Generall, sett up and still doth continue the teachinge of Grammar and Latin Bookes within ye said Gtie to the greate prejudice and discouragement of the said Collegiat Schoole.

' May it please yor Grace in yo' favour to ye said Schoole to grante a revocation or restriction of the said License, as also to admitt a Caveat to be entered in those yo' Grace's Courts, that hereafter in all Licenses to be granted for teachinge of Grammar within the said Diocess a limitation may be inserted y* they shall not teach within seaven miles distant from y^ same College.

'And we shaD (as otherwise) be bound to pray for yo' Grace's prosperitie.'

The Archbishop made the following order : —

*I hold it fitt that the faculty formerly granted to Mr. Imber be so interpreted and restrayned that the said Imber shall not teach within five miles of Winchester *.'

The townspeople were not likely to submit without protest to this action of the Archbishop against a man who had married into their community, and they presented the following re- monstrance to his Grace : —

'These are to certifye your Grace that John Imber, Master of Arts, and somtyme fellow of new College in Oxford, and last Usher of the College nere Winchester, immediately on his departure from the College seated himself (being destitute of other means) in the Cyty of Winchester, having married a widow of one of our company, and hath for this year and half used great pains and diligence in the education and teaching of our children both in Learning and the fear of God ; teaching all poor men's sons for God's sake only.

'Moreover he having allowed him for his scholehouse by the

^ CC ' Inhibitio contra quosdam ludi 'magistros facta per archiepiscopum Cantuar/ who in 1607 had set up a school in opposition to the curate of Great Torrington. Wilkins, Concilia^ vol. iv, p. 430.

the i which of the

id da;

only

if mat ■ old

;r the hout i :ted o :ry p e hur

Tiore hath y ani s a m

isofl

..ance

rhonii

:hr. I- lohn'

VUlia ohnl ilicho]

Villia: VilUa osepl Abulia: Jatthi ATilUa rhom

r

The Commoners. 127

The Archbishop then addressed the following letter to ' my loving friends the Dean of the Cathedral Church in Winton, the Warden of the College neere adjoyning, and the Chancellor of the Diocese there/

'It is not long since that I was by a petition moved from Mr. Stanley schoolmaster of the CoUedge neere Winton to take into my consideration a grievance, offered unto him, as he said, by one Mr. Imber, who teaches Grammar SchoUers in that Cittie, which is supposed to be a prejudice unto the free schoole in the Colledge. I gave an answer unto the petition, as you may see by this inclosed. For albeit that the Maister of the Faculties under me, not well advising what he did, had granted a license to the said Imber to teach, and that in my name, according to the stile of that court, yet it was wholly without my privitie, and for more diocesses than I do use to grant, and especially for Citties of that note as they be which are comprehended therein, and that to Mm, who was then but a Batchelor of Arts. And now seeing the inconvenience thereof, and what faction it may raise in that place, I did think fitt to make some stopp of the former proceeding till I was better satisfied in divers things. And I do now remember, that, such was the respect that heretofore was borne unto the Colledge and Schoole neere Winchester, that whereas King Henry VIII, in the new founding of his cathedral churches, did erect particular Schooles and SchoUers in other places, as at Canterbury, Worcester, and elsewhere, in contemplation of that famous Schoole at Win- chester, he did erect none there, but left the education of the youth unto that which was founded by that worthie and Reverend man, Bishop Wickham. Yet since my answer to the petition Mr. Imber hath been with me, and besides his owne humble request, he hath brought me a certificate from many persons of worth there inhabiting, testifying that he is an honest able man, and that formerly there have been diverse permitted to teach Grammar Schooles in that Cittie. Wherefore, for the better settling of this controversie, I have held it reasonable to direct this my letter unto you, that you should call both the Schoolemaister of the Colledge and Mr. Imber before you, and hearing their reasons on both sides, you should order the matter as may stand best with the dignity, worth and conveniency of that place. When, notwithstanding, my intreade unto you is, that you will privately advise with the Maior of that Cittie before you Dally conclude anything, that he and the other of that Corporation lay not only know the course of the proceedings, but the reason r that which shalbe resolved upon by you. And if you be not able ' compose things quietly and fairly, then I pray you to advertise le what your opinion is; that by me that may be don which is

ood goven . this and a /, and rcmi

e 19th Aug

appear ho it I suppc 1 his scho ns deserv first step uarters w years (15

reduced l>ers behir . These booking < aster's 1cm ion prov< m of ^40 or the pu jrds, he g

who und d owing ' own boarc

long roll irliest in t on of 169 , headed fcrs in tw<

gives the le chorist< s of the c< re commei ■y boys.

] Chapter o lUrch, Hanb arliaineDl, u on, and died thtstrr CoHiH

The Comtnoners.

129

the younger son of a peer. The numbers before the names of the scholars refer to their respective chambers.

'NOMINA MAG. PUER. CHO. ET COM. COLL. B«* MAR.

WINT. AN. DO. 1690.

NOM. MAGISTRO-

RUM.

Nicholas, Gustos.

Harris, Informator.

Osgood, Vice custos.

Emmes.

Fiennes, C. F.

Thistlethwaite.

Oieyncy*, Burs.

Young'.

Peachman.

Eyre.

Thistlethwaite, Burs.

Pahner.

NOM. CAPELLAN.

Frampton.

Cannan'.

Grey.

Horn, Paedagogus. Reading, Organista.

NOM. PUERO-

RUM.

Sexia Classis.

I Woodford, sen. 2Awbrey, sen., C. F. 6 Phillips, sen. SStanyan. 3Sandys,C F. 4Garway. 6 Rawlinson.

2 Awbrey, jun., C. F. 3Fox,G.F*.

I Hilman.

4 Tempest

5 Beeston*. I Glasse.

a Dingley.

3 Bruges. 6Bradshaw'.

4 Ridge.

5 Hockett

sDummer. 6Filks

2 Wootton.

3 Neell.

4 Thomas.

Quinta Classis.

2 Cawley, G. F. I Frampton.

I Beaumont, G. F. I Trimnell. I Floyer.

5 Wentworth. 5 Parker.

5 Welham.

I Phillips, medius.

3 Cobb, sen.

6 Edwards, sen. 3 Woodford.

I Harrison, jun. 5 Chcyney.

2 Kenn.

6 Chapman, a Christmas, a Newhn.

Quarta Classis.

6 Palmer.

4 li^ee. a Pink.

5 Sharrock. I Phillips.

5 Fiennes, jun.

4 Stone, sen.

5 Lydall.

3 Gross, sen.

5 Bowles.

4 Stone, jun. 3Dewes.

4 Kingston.

6 Eyre.

1 Somervile, G. F '. 6 Alcock. 3Golman.

5 Beaiunont, G. F.

6 AyUflf.

6 Wallace, jun.

2 Walker. 5 MUl.

5 Ange.

3 Jones.

2 Guthbert.

2 Smith.

3 Cobb, jun.

' Headmaster, 1700-94.

* Father of author of Night Thoughts.

^ The chaplain, whose death young Needs predicted.

* Joint Founder with Dr. Burton of Fox and Burton Exhibitions.

* Son of Henry Beeston, the headmaster. * Bishop of Bristol.

' Author of Tht Chace,

Annals of

tda etQuaria Classis. Eirds, jun.

. CHORIST. Kta Classis,

:. COMMENS. exia Classis.

tinla Classis.

XHlgh.

PuU. Aclan

Harri std. Dowl Long, DuP; Dickii Orch! Perkj Chish

& Bairi Coop Trim

Hare Hare Urre Merc Turn Peso Urre Jai^ D"l Bun- Brow Whii Skin Dul Bilsc Cam Care Ads Con Smj Gan Can Red]

ibn Ecton, receiver or t) urn, &c. He began as a ct age of a presentation copy

The Commoners.

131

AD OXON.

Bradshaw.

Adams.

Awbrey, sen. Sandys. Stanyan. Woodford.

Ridge. Hockett Dummer. Wootton.

Cooper. P. Mews. Hawkins. Hale.

Beeston.

Scott

Harris.

Phillips. Hicks.

AD WINTON.

Penton. Perks.

Rawlinson.

Somervile.

Coffin.

Garway. Hilman.

Smyth. Welham.

Samber. Nicholas.

Dingley.

Tempest

Glasse

Filks.

Wiseman. Dickins. Hippisley. Sparkes.

Beam.

Woodford.

Acland.

FINIS.

In 1702, Cheyney's second year of oflSce, there were forty- nine commoners.

In 1735, Burton's second year of office, there were fifty-four commoners, and the whole school was divided thus : —

Sexta Classis .'—Fifteen scholars.

Quintae Classis senior pars

media pars junior pars

Quartae Qassis senior pars

media pars junior pars

9»

n

n

— Fifteen scholars, two commoners. — Eight scholars, five commoners. —Nine scholars, five commoners. — Four scholars, seven commoners. — Seven scholars, eleven commoners. — Seven scholars, eight commoners. Secunda et Quarta Classis : — ^Two scholars, sixteen commoners*

In 1766, the first year of Dr. Warton, the same classes and divisions continue, but there were only fifty-two commoners : —

Sexta Classis : — Eighteen scholars, one commoner.

Quintae Classis senior pars :— Sixteen scholars, seven commoners.

„ media pars : — Nine scholars, eleven commoners.

Quartae Classb senior pars :— Eight scholars, eleven commoners,

^ media pars :— Two scholars, six commoners.

„ junior pars : — Three scholars, seven commoners.

Secunda et Quarta Classis : — Nine commoners.

In i793» Dr. Warton's last year, the number was fifty- seven: —

Sexta Classis : — Twelve scholars, two commoners. Quintae Classis senior pars : — Fourteen scholars, six commoners,

K 2

] 32 Annals

Quintae Classis media mom „ junior p

Quartae Classis senior f „ media p

„ junior p

Secunda et Quarta Class

Dr. Goddard, comin]

numbers. In 1810, the

Sexta Classis :— Eightee:

Quintae Classis senior p

„ media p

„ junior p

Quartae Classis senior j

moner

„ media p

„ junior p

Total, seventy schol: moners. The number 1 Gabell. There were 137 At Election, 1836, Dr. M Election, 1867, his last j Dr. Ridding left behind slightly increased since t

Dr. Burton {1734-66), as to entitle him to the his great work in 1737 aisiamento sodorum into Commensales from thi appropriated thenceforth young gentlemen. He remove to the house intc converted, 'Wickham's,' as a sort of auxiliary boar all probability served mc that after the end of i',

' The usher returned to Col where the second cnsster resid was reslored to its original um

r

The Commoners. 133

Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh (the choristers' chamber behind Sixth), Dobbins' three rooms, and the present Fellows' Common-Room, for the use of himself and his boarders. The Warden and Fellows seem to have acquiesced in these arrangements; taking, however, the precaution of ascertaining that the beer which was brewed in College would not be taxed if it was supplied to Dr. Burton's young gentlemen*.

Dr. Burton did not long remain content with his boarding- house in College. He proceeded to found CopfimonerSr 'Commoners' College* his contemporaries styled it. The Sustem Spital has been alluded to". The chapel of that ancient foundation stood on the eastern portion of the site of the Headmaster's house in College Street, abutting on the north-western comer of the outer Court of the College. The ' House of the Sisters ' stood nearly on the site of the Moberly Library. The Sisters were turned out of doors under Henry VIII, and in 1539 the site and precincts of their former abode became a part of the endowment of the new Capitular Body, The Dean and Chapter let the hospital and the chapel on separate leases for terms of thirty years, renewable every tenth year on payment of a fine or premium. Adams {Wykehamica, page 465), gives a list of the lessees^ some of the first of whom were evidently connected with the College. Burton bought both leases, and simk much money of his own in permanent improvements, erecting a house of red brick for his own occu- pation at the west end of the chapel ■ with a front to College Street, and connecting it with the Cistern House by a gallery

* This is the case which they submitted to Philip Yorke, afterwards Lord Chancellor Hardwicke, and his opinion : —

Case.

*The Warden, schoolmaster, fellows and children of Winchester College have their small beer from one common brewhouae. The schoolmaster proposes to receive some yoang gentlemen into his lodgings as boarders.

'Q. Whether the admission of these young gentlemen into the College ta reside and diet there will subject the College brewhouse to the excise t

'Answer. " I conceive that the schoolmaster's receiving young genUemen into lus lodgings as boarders in order to their education will not subject the College rcwhouse to the duties of excise."

* Sept. 37, 1737.' « P. Yorke.'

* Chapter II.

' Which was called the Cistern Chapel in l^is time, the meaning of the word iustem having been foiigotten.

154 Annals

called aAenvards Cloisl hall at the back of the C the Cistern Chapel, or ' '^ the north, the back of Cistern House on the s< was termed Commoners' as ' Commoners.* Thei moners ' as it was in t XII. Day-boys ccasei completed his great woi never expected to get, b his outlay. He was cont which the school has att without looking to pec] Commoners, he gave it bequest proved void, b Smyth, the residuary lej the College a valuable portraits of his gentlen their portraits should hi the room now used by d which they now hang', themselves as trustees o masters, they having th< brick house, and the rest i in this way from Dr. Burl to Dr. Goddard. In the y of Wickham's and enfra reversion of the Dean a hold. A year afterwari he sold the whole prop Sustem Spital, to the > £963 i6s. lod. After sj and Fellows let the pren at the rent of £60 per ai

' It was Dr. Burton's practii pupils whcD they quilted schc had followed the same courM,l gallery now. Many old Eti collection of portraits of his oli in this manner.

The Commoners.

135

In the year 1838 Warden Barter obtained the freehold of the Sustern Spital portion of Old Commoners from the Dean and Chapter through the medium of an exchange. A quantity of valuable property was made over to that body, and £613 9s. lid. was spent out of the College chest in obtain- ing the private Act of Parliament which vras necessary to confirm the exchange, and in paying the lawyers and surveyors employed on both sides. Such a sacrifice never would have been made but in view of an important step which was then in contemplation. This was the rebuilding of Commoners, Dr. Moberly's object. Repton, the architect, was consulted, Old Commoners was pulled down, and between the years 1839 and 1843 ^^^ Conmioners was built, partly by subscriptions on the part of Dr. Moberly and others ^ but chiefly at the cost of the Warden and Fellows, who contributed as a body no less a sum than £i7i739 os. ^d. to the building fund during the pro- gress of the work. Thus went the greater part of the * timber money,' a fund arising from Warden Huntingford's policy of mvesting the produce of the large falls of timber which took place on the College estates during the French war.

It must be confessed that New Commoners did not give satisfaction. Cases of typhoid fever sometimes occurred in it ; and it was a great day for the school when the Rev. Henry John Wickham opened the first boarding-house in September i860. The Rev. H. E. Moberly opened a second early in 1861. Other houses followed; and in 1868-9 Dr. Ridding removed the boys from New Commoners to the four Commoner houses (as they are called) which had been built in Culver's Close on land acquired by Dr. Ridding at his own expense with that object. There are now nine boarding-houses — the statutes of the Governing Body provide that there may be ten —kept by the Rev. J. T. H. Du Boulay, F. Morshead, Esq., the Rev. C. H. Hawkins, the Rev. J. T. Bramston, E. J. Turner, Esq., A. J. Toye, Esq., Theodore Kensington, Esq., C. B. Phfllips, Esq., and the Rev. W. P. Smith '. The dormitories vacated by the boys were turned into class-rooms, Mr. Butter-

' Amongst whom were Dr. Williams, Bishop Wordsworth, Lord Eldon, and Sir \^ni]iam Heathcote. The total cost is believed to have exceeded ;f 25,00a * These names are in order of appointment.

ijfi Annals of Winchester College,

field being the architect employed. The North Gallery became the school library, and was called the Moberly Library, as a memorial of Bishop Moberly's headmastership, during which :o the present boarding-house system began. !t is a Common Room for the assistant masters^ [>r the prefects. More than £4400 was expended ations of the fabric of New Commoners. Within ears more class-rooms have been built on the site 's' brewhouse, and departments have been pro- instructors in natural science and chemistry.

CHAPTER VIIL

Warden Morys (a.d. 1393-1413).

Computus Rolls. — School Holidays.— Accounts for 1395-6. — Chapel and cloisters consecrated. — Simon Bishop of Achonry. — Servants in 1394. — First Fellows. — Service books. — Prices in 1398. — Flanders Tiles. — Boundary wall. — Krst Progress. — ^Bishopstoke Pension. — Visit of Henry IV. — Completion of Outer Court — Non Licet Gate. — A crisis. — ^Appeal to Wykeham. — Cost of Fabric — Bishop Beddngton. — Chancel at Harmond8worth.^Wykeham*s gifts of books, vestments, and plate. — His will, death, and obit. — Archbishop Arundel's Injunctions. — Expected French Invasion. — ^Andrew Hulse. — His chantry. — Hoqutality in i4xa — Servants in 141 1. — Hamble Corrody. — Prices in 141a. —Inventory of that year. — Death of Motys.

From the opening day in 1393 (March 28) *, we have a nearly unbroken series of computus rolls on which to rely for infor- mation about the domestic concerns of the College. These rolls continue, with a gap here and there, down to the year 1560, when the accounts began to be kept in paper books. Latin was the language used until the year 1776. Morys kept the accounts until Christmas, 1398, when Bosham ^ and Lechlade, the first Bursars, relieved him of the task. The first roll covers the space of twenty-six weeks, ending at Michaelmas, i393. Every roll after that, with the exception of one at the close of Warden Morys* book-keeping, covers the space of fifty-two weeks, ending at Michaelmas, the season at which the rents came in and the accounts were made up and audited. The rolls

^ This on the authority of Heetc : * Cm'us quidem custodis . • . ingressus imus ad inibi habitandum fnit/ &c., ante p. 31.

' Bosham was one of the sadrdotes mentioned below, and not a foundation Dow. I am inclined to identify Lechlade with Lemmanesworth, one of the -A batch of fellows.

relv rhe irort ela re i N< iod lein

ofit •he 1 1< n I uilfj terl

Onl

Warden Motys^ 139

Below this is a summary of the expenses (custus) under different heads, such as custus capellae, custus aulae, &c. ; then the sHpendia dporcumes of the Warden, schoolmaster, and others ; and lastly, the servants' wages. I subjoin a summary of the 'computus of Master John Morys, Warden of St. Mary College of Winchester, from the Saturday next before St. Michael's Day, in the 19th year of the reign of King Richard 11' (1395-^ to the same day in the following year ' — by way of illustration : —

Receipts. £ s. d.

Arrears^ 192 13 a

Downton Rectory, by Robert Buset, farmer . . 96 6 11 Coombe Bisset, by Nicholas Aas, provost . . . 93 14 o Wyndesore (Eling), by Richard Hase, serjeant • . ai o o Hamele (Hamble), by John Courtney, farmer . . 13 6 8

Ditto, by John Wayte 068

Wordelham (WestWorldham)chapel,byJohn Romesye,

farmer 100

Meonstoke Ferraunt, by John Freman, provost • . la 14 o Meonstoke Ferrers, by Thomas Colyng, provost . 19 10 9

Roppeley (Ropley), by Thomas Knyght, serjeant . 23 o 7 Andwell, by John Meneslyn, farmer . • • . 8 6 8 Harmondsworth, by John Laner, serjeant . . . 44 13 10

Hampton-on-Thames nil . .

Isleworth, by Thomas Harlton, executor of John

Kyng, late provost la o o

Heston Rectory, by Richard Sevenes, farmer . . 30 10 o Seyntecros (St Cross, Carisbrooke), by Thomas

Tredynton, farmer 6 13 4

Mersshton (South Merston, Wilts), by Robert Grandon,

farmer, three years 3 10 o

Manyngford Breose, by John Mershmull, two years . i 18 o

Allington, by Thomas Hoggebyn 060

Tyttelye (Titley), by Prior of Lantony, for pension out

of Kington Rectory, two years .... 300 Bradford Peverel Rectory, by William Mede, farmer i 10 o Exitus hospitii, by the cook . • • * • • • a 10 8

£5^^ II 3

year the exeai occurred in the first three weeks of September, and during the first of those weeks, for the first time in the history of the College, no scholar was in residence.

^ It is obvious that when a rent account closes at Michaelmas, as this did, the amount of arrears must be considerable.

Weekly commons : v fellows and chapls lay clerks, lod. ea valetii, lod. each ; teen choristers, 6d. Extra commons

Pantry : Linen and mna 7 ^3 4

Brewhouse and bakehouse o a o

Kitchen : Pair of bellows, stone mortar, apron cloth,

pots and pans mended, &c o g a

Stable : Oats, aoc/. per quarter, new hay, saddle and

bridle for the summoner*, &c. . . . . ii 12 3

Garden : Onion seed, garlic, &c o a 11

Chapel : Bread, wine, oil, wax, vestments, and books

mended 907

Stipends: Warden ao o o

Fellows, Thomas Turke* 5 '3 4

Schoolmaster and usher 13 6 8

Chaplains and lay clerks 3^ 5 <>

Mats for school room 038

Seneschal of the manors. 400

Servants g a o

Founder's kin : Clothes, &c,for Thomas and Reginald

Warenner 200

Necessaria : Parchment, paper, &c 074

Election of scholars : Vice- Warden of New College, Sept, 25-29, issHt snd Warden of New College (Malford), vrith John Wykeham and Philip Hullyn

the Posers, Sept 25-29, 1395 2 17 7

Livery 38 11 11

Warden riding to London by way of Harmondsworth, and other journeys on College business with the Seneschal ; and a chaplain and lay clerk to Salis- bury and back to collate a gradual (book containing the musical portions of the mass) . . . . 838

Commons of sick scholars : John Cricklade, sixteen weeks ; John Alton ', three weeks, John Wylthorp,

eight weeks o 19 8

Buildings in progress 34 11 2

Total ^£398 9 I

' One who rode round to 'wsm * or give notice of the dayi of holding the

* The only Fellow at this time. The 13$. 4(£ is added for hb stipend as ^ce- Warden.

* This name does not occur in the Rcfislcr. 1 identify btm with John Jlonter of Alton, who died Hay 23, 1399.

Warden Morys. 141

£ s. d.

In hand : — Provisions 58 19 o

Cash (denarii) • . • • • . 121 8 o

;gi8o 7 o

It has been already stated that on the opening day the Society consisted of a Warden, two masters, seventy scholars, and a lay clerk, named Hende. A second lay clerk, named Twyforde, joined him m the fifth week. Four priests (sacer- dotes), whose position is not defined, but may have been defined in a former draft of the Statutes, made their appearance in the fifth week, and another joined them in the sixth week. Three of these priests received stipends of 755. each for the six months, the other two were non-stipendiary. All had their commons after the rate subsequently allowed for the FellowSi whose precursors they undoubtedly were. By the year 1397 there were nine or ten of them with stipends of 53s. 4^. each. Soon after the admission of foundation Fellows, they disappear firom the scene.

Further down the first roll for 1393 are entries, importing that Hall and pantry were stocked with napery for 505., and 235. 6d. was laid out on kitchen utensils. The Warden gave 465. 3^. for a horse at Reading, and John Kyng; the porter, was allowed i6rf. for bringing it home. A gray horse for the Warden's man was bought of William Wy^e, for 255. Two years later a pad nag (equus ambulatorius) for the Warden cost 505., and a black horse for his man cost 465. &/. Oats were 3^. per bushel, and old hay was 4s. 6d, per load.

The roll for 1394 is missing. The chief event of the follow- ing year was the consecration of the chapel, graveyard, and cloisters. Wykeham issued a commission, dated July 7, 1395*, to Simon, Bishop of Achonry, in Ireland •, empowering him to

^ A namesake (possibly the same man) supplied the Warden*s and Chap- lains' livery in 1393 and was Mayor of Winchester in 1399-1400. Richard Wygge (adm. 1393) may have been a son of his.

' Appendix XIV.

' This prelate was a native of the Isle of Wight. His will, which was proved ] irch 97, 1398, is in the following words : — * In Dei nomine amen, iliiy* die I ios. Feb. A.D. Mcccxcvij. Ego Simon Accadensis Episcopus condo testa- I mtum meum in hunc modum. Imprimis lego animam meam deo et corpus I :um ad sepeliendum in capelU B. Mariac infra monasterium de Quarrera.

Annals of W

■e bound in doeskin like tutes*.

d together thir^- three dozei rom 5s. to 3s. 6d. per dozer 'he computus of Bosham an 8, to Michaelmas, 139% an p 105. III/., including 14s. i . for exitus kospitti, and 12s I a present of £40 from Wj IS to eight, namely, Crudes re, Lechlade, Dyrley, and 1 a drops to four. Jnder custus capellae, in 139 Twelve hundred wafers (patui

flagons of oil for lamp over dies for choir, 6s. 81/ : Edmun dies, at id. per lb., 3s. &d.' Jnder custus aulae : — rhirty-seven ells of linen for 1 Jnder custus coquinae : — \ dresser knife for slicing bre arce or sieve, pro specibus pt Jnder custus stabuli : — Two pairs of hames, 4t£ : twi ' Pro iiij doscyn vij pellibus de vol

quod indpLt ' Et Dicatur' conti }diis (flyleBvea), per doscyn de ve

t in iUuminadaDe et ligaturft eiusd'

em in iiij doseyn iiij pell, da vel;

lit 'Quataor Teniponim,' coiitii

ijrn V* et per pellem v'

t in scripturil eiusdem

\ in notacione, iUumioadoae, et li{

sm in vj doseyn de velym empt. pi ■um quodlibet sustinct iv qiatcrnc : in scripturft noticione et ligacion< em in vj doseyn de velym empt. in ! inde tkciendis ad diversa precia em in vij pell, cervinjs empt. pro li Turke, Bosham, and Bekenton an L really taetrdotis with brevet rani ister of Foundation Fellows— exec

Warden Morys. 145

three bushels of barley, 585. 9^/. : six quarters, one bushel of pulse, 33s. &/. : one bushel of beans, 9</. : a load of straw. Tad, : new hay for use next year (quantity not given), £6 13s. od, : bran, i6s. 10^'

Under custus barbariae : —

*A basin (of brass probably), 3s. 4^. : two ells of linen for " shavyng- clothys," and the making, i6d, : a chain, i6d. : a kettle of latten, 25. 6</.'

A horse bought at 'la Wee* — Weyhill Fair — (without a warranty, to judge by the price), cost 275. 5^., including the expense of bringing him home (18 miles).

Work on the buildings went on steadily, Simon Membury finding the money and Morys vouching the items of outlay. The ante-chapel, vestibule, cloisters, treasury, and pantry were paved with tiles imported from Flanders in this year \ The treasury is still paved with these tiles, and a few may be seen in the cloisters near the entrance, and built into the wall near the gate of Lavender Mead. They are about 5 inches square, of a dull red colour, and stamped with a pattern which is filled with clay of a different colour, usually white or yellow*. Similar but larger tiles abound at St. Cross. Before this paving was done, avast quantity of ' burres,' ' robus ' (rubbish), * flyntes,' and sand was carted in in order to raise the level of Cloisters and build a boundary wall. Total cost £20 is. This wall ran from the gateway in the south-western corner of Outer Court, along the western edge of the site until it reached the wall of the Carmelite Friary, and then turned eastwards, thus enclosing the College precinct on its western and southern sides. No trace of this wall remains above ground. It was built on piles of oak from Ropley, which cost 765. 8rf., including cartage. The wages of the masons and labourers employed about this wall came to f 8 175. 6d. About the same time, a door of oak, with a wicket, was hung at the end of the vestibule, and another at the entrance

' ' FUmdrestiel/ however, in the early accounts is the name for a sort of Bath

brick used for scouring brass and pewter. ' In solut. pro xlvmccc pavyngtiel empt de Flandre, per m yj*

vnj* xv»Viuj<>

£t in solut pro m pavyngtiel maioris quantitatis (size) . . xvij* iiij'

^t in soluL pro portacione earundem de navi in quandam

^ aum iiytx*

it in solut pro p'dictis pavyngtiel cariandis (from St. Denys) . lx« yj*

Bt in solut pro xxviij m pavyngtiel ponend. in claustro ; iij m in

ii iroitu versus capellam et daustrum ponend. ; et mmccclzxx in ij

c neris thesaurarii ; et mczx in panetria ponendis, per m ij> Ixix* xj*

146 Annals of \

to the cloisters. The staple remain in sHu, but the door I of open iron gates have beei door '.

The first recorded 'prog manors took place at Hock The Warden and Seneschal Their travelling expenses ca depended on the tenants f< times was secured by cover manor farms *.

The Duke of Bretagne a Jane Holonde, half sister oi lege this winter, and was en of the College. Wine, spices on this occasion.

In 1399 1 find under custu half yards of ' stamyn ' to emb: in Hall ; i^d. for a sheet o: and a half yards of pastebos silk thread, and 2d. for a pair it appears that one of the cl the Gospel daily, and anothi ing the choristers. One entering evidences of title

' ' In aolut. in repagulia hostU a cum ij semris poaitis cum vectibuB I et pro j stoklok et j wygetlok pro 1398-

' The lease of Salperton Han< covcnanl : — ' Tbat the lease shall ■ during the said tenn maintain ant household in and upon the scite 01 resident, dwelling, and abiding dui his own proper costs and charges and scholars-clerks and their auccet officers, and servants, good, auital house-room within the rarm hous sufficient hay, litter, and provende hones, mares, and geldings in and or two days and two nights in the ; stiall come to keep Court there or the said premises.'

Wardeft Motys. 147

the same sum for ringing the bell * and keeping the key of the chapeL

Law costs (custus litium et sectarum) make their first appear- ance in 1399. Proceedings had been taken against the Rector of Bishopstoke, who refused to pay the yearly pension of 405, issuing out of the rectory, which came to the College with the rest of the possessions of the Priory of Hamble, and had not (I suspect) been collected during the sequestration ; and expense . had been incurred about an intended purchase of the Manor of Padworth, in Berkshire, which went off because the return to the writ ad quod damnum was that the alienation would be of no advantage to the Crown.

Towards the end of this year (1399) the new King, Henry IV, paid a visit to the College. If eight gallons of red wine had not been ordered, and if Wykeham's own confectioner had not been got in on the occasion, we should not know of this visit. Only a few weeks before the Society had paid 35. 41/. to be ex- cused from sending a man at arms and an archer to the aid of Richard II on the landing of the Duke {sic) whom they were now welcoming as King \

About this time the remaining portion of the Outer Court, comprising the woodhouse, slaughterhouse, and stabling at its western end, was erected on the slip off the precinct of the Sustem Spital which Wykeham acquired just before the opening of the College '. The wages of the ' positor ' who built the walls amounted to £12 14s., and those of the 'lathomus' who hewed the stone for the doorways (4), windows (16), and chim- neys (2), and for the archway in the south-western angle of the Court, amounted to £7 155. 3^. Other items are : —

£ s. d.

Purbeck slates 934

Labourers assisting masons, digging ^ burres ' and

driving piles 11 3 7

* The bell, perhaps, for early mass. It rang at five o'clock A.M., in Jonson's

time: —

' Purpureas Aurora fores ubi pandit ab ortu

£00 et quintIL dum linea tangitur umbr&

Stridula spirantes campana reverberat auras.'

* In done Joh. Launce ad ezcusand. Collegium de homine armato et sagittario \ mittendo ad regem in adventum Duds in Angliam, iij" iiij<^/ is an entry in the

computus for aa Ric. II. ' See Chapter iv.

L 2

148 Annals of \

One thousand piles and cartaj Flyntes ....

Sand

Two hundred and twenty yar Cartage of ' burres ' and chall

The following references house occur in Uie computus

' Sol. pro fabricacione ij sera xviij'^ : et in soL pro le poly (bit

The next thing was to e length from the south-easten eastern edge of the grounds, monks' path to Barton. Th erected along the southern 1 enclosure complete. The na watercourse, rendered it a co

Four hundred and seventy- bought of the chamberl 13s. 4(i per hundred . Carpenter felling same, and i Henry White, cartage William Syvell and his TX making a dam or weir all John Barret, twenty-two doz

wares) and scaJBbId . Henry Wodehay, three hu

ashlar .... Sand (quantity not stated) Two hundred and eighty-eigl Flyntes .... Cartage of one hundred and given by Treasurer of W Cartage of two hundred and < and stone, given by sam( Chalk ....

Workmen laying the foundat Workmen carrying sand am with rubbish to water lev John Barry, laying rest of wa

Warden Morys. 149

Cost of the Gateway*.

£ s.d

Planks for scaffold and withes for tying it . • . o 12 3

Man riding in quest of materials o 14 8

Adam Smyth, for irons in culvert of three arches

under wall 12a

Brooms, sieves, barrows, &c 069

Watercarriage(batillagium)ofthirty loads of 'bereston' 600

Cartage from SL Denys 3 13 7

Straw to thatch wall 046

Paid the thatcher 063

John Barry, mason, for extras o 15 o

Oak plank for gates o 10 o

The receipts from all sources during the year ending at Michaelmas 1401, were £565 35. 5^., and the expenditure during the same period was £530 165. iod,f leaving a balance of £34 6s, 7rf. only to keep the Society going till another year's rents came in. This balance was not enough ; and, moreover, the Bursars had been obliged to dip into it for the maintenance of two Commoners, Popham and Tytelside, whose battels were in arrear, and for entertaining the country gentlemen who used to come about the College, and were not always welcome guests *. In short, a crisis in the affairs of the Society arose. They addressed a petition or remonstrance to Wykeham praying for relief, and another to the Society of New College with a similar object Drafts of both petitions are extant. The first is addressed 'dominacioni vestre,' 'to your Lordship,' meaning Wykeham beyond a doubt, who is generally styled ' dominus ' in the rolls of the period.

A paper containing a list of extraordinary expenses since the opening day accompanies it, and is worth abstracting here: —

* 'Non licet ' gate (porta illicita). This name for the eastern gate occurs in theaccoonts for i6a9 : < Sol. pr emendandi sera et conficiend& clave portae vocat non licet, vj" iiij<*.' This gate was not finbhed until 141 1, when John Say, the smith, was paid 435. od. for six ' vertemelli * or hinges weighing a6o lbs for the pair of gates. A lock, key, and chain supplied in that year cost as. 6d.

ighty-seven gross of nails at a\d, per lb. were used in building the bridge out* de Non licet gate in 14 11.

* Part of the balance, the Bursars say pathetically, almost in Wykeham's own "ords, had been spent * in expensis diversorum valencium extrinsecorum super- sniencium ad Collegium, aliquando ex curialitate, aliquando ex necessitate.'

Annals of i

1. Service books for chap employed in transcri

I. Three books on philos de Alresford, late V:

I. Commons of the son: Henry Popham, con of William Askham John Wakfeid, cler and of John Harryej tiemen, whose sons direction ofWykehi private choir when <

W. Utensils forbrewhousi and pantry ; vessel carriage of timber, chamber at lower ei to hall and vesiibuli to well in kitchen chamber court, and '

Manors and rectories, vi worth, and a new and chanceb at Islev and chamber at And and other repairs tl Bisset; new watei new hall at Femha

' His executois advanced ^34 to

' WykehjuD, it seems, sent these

a grievance with the Society that he

* Apparently the hatch in whic serving bar, being approached by a

• The first reference to the 'd somewhere in the grounds behind means any building with a lean-to side wall. It was renewed in 14c his man put it up. Their joint w Tiinber(meremiura}cost 13s. ^d. £ and 500 ' spcyea ' (spars) coat srf. the live stock belonged to the Socii food and the troughs were platet having been, I suppose, invented :■ bourn imponendo, cum xj' pro coram porcis conservandis a mor^l;

I

Warden Morys. 151

chamber and chapel at St Cross, and new water wheel there ; chancels at Twickenham andHamble 538 4 o^

Total £fi^ a 9

The paper goes on to say that these large sums had been spent out of income, and were not included in the following sums which had been expended on the fabric : —

By Wykeham 793 18 5

By Warden Morys, advanced by Simon Membury . aao 9 10

;flOI4_8_3

It is interesting to find out in this way the oiiginal cost of the &bric.

' Responsum est, et expediti sunt ' is written in a contem- poraneous hand on the draft of the remonstrance addressed to Wykeham. What the size of his response was cannot be ascer- tained, inasmuch as the rolls for the years 1402 and 1403 have disappeared ; but it was enough to tide the Society over their difficulties. The other remonstrance begins ' Reverendi Patres et Domini,' and was doubtless addressed to the Warden and Fellows of the sister College. It does not appear what re- ception it met with.

Forty-five scholars were admitted at the election of the year '4^ (September 30). The cause of so many vacancies is not ap- parent. Among those who were admitted were Nicholas Osel- buiy, afterwards Warden of New College; John Wykham, of Swalclifie, who, if he were founder's kin, was not admitted as such; and Thomas Bekenton (Beckington). This eminent Wyke- hamist became Dean of the Court of Arches, and was tutor to Henry VL A book which he wrote against the Salique law in support of the claim of Henry VI to the throne of France brought him into notice, and he became Secretary of State, Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Bishop of Bath and Wells. He obtained for New College the churches of Newnton Longville,

^ The fact of the estates of the alien Priories having been for so many years in the hands of sequestrators prior to Wykeham's purchasing them may serve to explain the magnitude of this sum.

152 Annals o

Great Horwood, Alcely, Haiuiey. In 1451 John Dogmersfield 'ad loqueni; pro certis bonis recipiej datis per eundem domin about certain articles of bowl, weighing 10 lbs. 9 the Society. His obit tv obits were lawful.

For the year ending a1 £609 13s. id., including 1 stufT, 24^. ; kitchen, 24s. 21 A loan of £50 from Wj The outgoings were £481 spent on a new chancel done iij fenestranim et cu celli.'

In the month of Janua 1404'), Wykeham placed College, and stipulated tt (except for the defence during twenty years, and his heir-at-law*. He ma Winchester College, po! much money to keep it | books in his Lifetime : —

I Antiphonarium (book ol VI alia antiphonaria. I Portiforium notatum, cu I „ aliud antiqu

I »

II antiquae legendae Liber de cantu organico .

^ Heete says on September on which his death took place ii

' SimiUrly Wayneflele left c chest at Magdalen College, whi< neccssi^. However, while Dr opened, luid the gold was at diunX Ilisiory, ix. 16.

I

Warden Morys. 153

£ s. d. I Pontificale cum ciapsulis argenteis cum coOperculo

de nigro serico et rubro a o o

I Missale pulcrum et magnum cum ciapsulis de ar-

gento deaurat aooo

I Aliud missale pulcrum cum claps, de argent . • 10 o o I Aliud missale parvum cum claps, de argento et

registro deaurato 500

I Aliud missale cum registro 10 marks

5. cL

I Florarium Bartholomaei ^ 30 o

Vita S. Thome Martyris 20 o

Rationale Divinorum et legenda sanctorum . . . 100 o

Liber Penitentialis, vocat * Pars Oculi ' (Sacerdotis) . . 10 o

Polycronicon Will.* Cestren .' 40 o

Liber in quo continentm* Taxationes omnium Eccle-

siarum in singulis Dioces. p. totam Angliam '. . nil Liber continens Constitutiones Provinciales et Syno-

dales 10 o

Priscian^ 6 8

Total value £^d9 ^ ^

From an indenture dated at Bishop's Waltham, Jan. 4, 1400- I, under the Founder's secretum (a splendid example), it appears that Wykeham delivered on that day to Warden Morys the following vestments : —

'A chasuble, two tunicles, sixteen copes of cloth of gold, three amices of cloth of gold, and copper and white and red cloth worked with patines of gold, and orphreys of cloth of gold and copper and purple (blodio) and green cloth : three albs and three amices with pavures: two stoles and three maniples, with three girdles, and

' 'Bartholomaeus Anglus, dicitur Florarius ab opere quod Florarium inscripsit.' Fabric, i. 478.

* 'Monachus Cestrensis in Angli& anno 1109.' Fabric, iii. 42a

' This MS., in small quarto, consists of two parts. One of them contains chiefly a taxation of Bishoprics and other Ecclesiastical benefices, particularly those of the Diocese of Winchester. It was compiled in the time of Adam de Orleton (as appears from pages 21 and 23), who was Bishop of Winchester Irom A.D . 1333 to 1345. It belonged to Wykeham and was given by him to his oUege at Winchester (Lowth, Life of Wykehanty preface, p. xvi) ; Nicholas orth, one of the Fellows, received 35. ^d. in 1400 for copying it.

* * Episcopus Ferrarensis, primus glossator Decretorum Pontificalium anno aia.' Fabric iii, 895.

^

154 Annals of Winchester CoUege.

SL corporal : a chasuble and two tunides * cum stola manipolata,' and panires of white silk ornamented with orphreys of imperial doth of gold worked with the Crucifix : fifteen 'moses'^ of green doth with gold letters on grey (cum litteris amneis de griseo) in a drde.'

In the following month of October, 1401, Wykeham delivered to Morys —

' Three copes, three chasubles, two tunides, four stoles, five mani- ples, five altar doths, and three frontals of purple silk, worked with stars and crescents in white. Also five albs and five amices of linen. Also three pairs of curtains of purple silk (ridellae de tartaryn blodio). Also twenty-two ells of fine linen to make six altar-doths (pro yj tuellis inde confidendis), and eleven ells of unbleached linen for the inferior altars.'

The following list of jocalia et vasa argentea given to the Chapel by Wykeham, is extracted from the Vetus Registrum : —

I Crismatorium de argento deaurato.

I Cupa de ai^gent deaurat habens pedem longum et gracilem.

I Cupa de berillo (of beryl) cum co-operculo hamessiat. (mounted) cum argento deaiu^L cum pede, pro Eucharisda portanda in festo Corporis Christi.

I Pixis parva rotunda de argento deaurat pro Sacramento Altaris conservando.

I Thuribulum de argento deaurat ponderant iiij^^. iiij^^io. dimid.

I Aliud Thuribulum de argento deaurat

I Navis (the pan for incense in the thurible) cum cochliari argenteo pro incens. ix"'®. xij<*^**.

ij Candelabra de argento in parte deaurata pond. v^^. x^®.

ij Phiolae de argento deaurato ponderant i^\ ij'*»«.

I Parva campana de argento deaurat pond. vj^^*.

I Osculatorium Pads (pax) de argento deaurat et andat (enamelled) cum Cnicifixo pond. i'^^. vj"''°. dimid.

I Situla de argento cum swages (' swaged ' or embossed) deaurat pond. iiij^^. ij""».

I Aspersorium de argento pond. iiij'*»®. x**^*".

ij Pelves de argento cum armis Dni Fundatoris in fundo et swages deaurat, quarum una habet j pipam * et pond. vij^*>. ix «^«.

I Annulus Pontificalis cum quodam lapide preciosa

' Or Moyces, the clasp of a cope. Here it signifies the cope itselC ' Through which the sacramental wine was drawn.

Warden Morys.

155

Another inventory of plate, &c, given by Wykeham and other benefactors prior to the year 1405 is too long to quote here. The articles in silver are estimated to weigh 3892 ounces, which at 25. id. per ounce, exclusive of enamel and workman- ship, comes to £485 85. 4^. The articles of gold are estimated to weigh 91 J ounces, which at £1 5s. per ounce, exclusive of enamel, stones, and workmanship, comes to £114 165. lodr, total, £600 55. 2^.

By his will, which is printed in the appendix to the Life by Bishop Lowth, Wykeham gave to Winchester College a plain mitre\ with a border of gold (aurifregiata), his favourite bible (bibliam meam usualem), and the following books : — 'Catholicon,' 'Rationale Divinorum,* ' Florarium Bartholomei/ 'Vita Sti Thome Martyris,' and ' Pars Oculi/

To Morys and to his successors he bequeathed ten marks, and a silver-gilt cup with lid, and an ewer worth twenty marks. To each Fellow 6s. 8d. ; to each Chaplain, 20s. ; to Romesye, the schoolmaster, 1005.; to the Usher, 20s,; to every Scholar, 6s. 8d. ; and ten marks to be distributed amongst the lay clerks, servants, and choristers. And he directed that the Office of the Dead and Requiem should be sung in the Chapel daily from the day of his death to his funeral, and for forty days afterwards. The executors seem to have thought this provision insufficient ; and one of them, Thomas Ayleward'^ in the year 1406 gave £10 to found a perpetual obit at the Collie, and £35 135. 4^. to the conunon chest. Wykeham's obit was celebrated on September 26, the eve of the anniversary of his death. Founder's Day is now kept in December.

While the See of Winchester was vacant after Wykeham's death, Archbishop Arundel held a Metropolitical Visitation of both Colleges. The Abbot of Abingdon was the visitor at New College, where several Fellows were deprived. The visitor at Winchester was Dr. John Maydenheath. No particulars of this visitation exist in the archives of the College. But in the following year a monitory letter came from Archbishop Arundel, in which, after asking for a nomination to a scholarship, he en-

' His best mitre was bequeathed to New College.

' Rector of Havant. He died April 6, 1413, and is buried at Havant, where 1 brass exists to his memory.

156 Annals q

joined the Warden and F Statutes : —

a. A register for the name

b. An inventory of goods i

c. A register of charters aj

d. Covers of cloth to the s

e. Receptacles (cophui) ft

f. An Indenture or list un<

in his custody.

g. An Indenture by the S h. Indentures by the head

brewhouse, bakehoi

He also enjoined the Si the chapel and hall, to m< bells.

The French, although a upon our coast at this t heading of custus pro d 1404, that the Society ni< £6 9s., and sent them dov expected, but did not co: been declared, the Societ pay their quota towards tl prosecuting the war, inste Charter of Privileges.

The name of Andrew h the roll for 1407, This e cellor of Sarum, Canon Hereford, Archdeacon o Seal. He devised forty m founding a chantry to hi: Sarum, By the Charter • 28, 1447, Warden Baki £9 6s. 6d, upon the chai yearly stipend of £7 6s. I brated on April ist annua death. It was provided mass on that day should should assist, 121^ ; the !

Warden Motys. 157

each lay vicar 4^/. ; each chaplain Sd. ; the choristers 25. ^. ; the sacrists 8rf., and their servants 8rf. ; the beadle 4//. ; the porter 4//., and his servant ^d. ; the nine altarists, for a knell, i8d. ; wax, 8rf. The Warden (Baker) and some of the Fellows spent nine- teen days in London in the spring of 1480 on the business of obtaining a license to amortize the land which was intended as a provision for the obit. Their bill at the inn was 495. z\d.f horse hire there and back, 125. lod. John Young, the ostler, had 25., horseshoes cost 8rf., provender, &c., 265. 6d. The ex- penses of putting the land in mortmain were : — Writ addressed to Treasurer and Barons of Exchequer, 25. ad. ; enrolling same, as. ; Nayler of the Chancery drawing petition for license, 6s. 8rf. ; engrossing same, is. ; Privy Seal, los. ; Master William Mor- land, pro composicione charte (for drawing the license), 6s. &/. ; engrossing same, 35. 4^/. ; pro feodo sigilli in hanaperio, £895.

Upon the suppression of chantries under Edward VI, the endowment of Hulse's Chantry was granted to one Robert Whyte, of Christchurch, Hants, and he released it to the College by deed dated August 20, 1551, in consideration of £180; about nineteen years' purchase.

In 1408 the receipts were £515 2s., including a loan of £50 * from the executors of Wykeham, and a present of 40s. from Aylward. The expenses amounted to £421 19s. gd.

Under custus stabuli the following items occur : —

Twenty-four loads of hay, and cartage, 104s. ^d.: horsebread, 45. lid.* : seventy-four quarters, two bushels of oats bought in open market, whereof sixty-seven quarters, five bushels at 2od.f and six quarters, five bushels at 22^^. — £6 4s. 10^. Two quarters of bran to mix with the oats, 25. 8^ Straw for forage and litter (quantity not given), gs. 8d. Horse bought at Shaw (near Newbury), 29s. Sd. Paid Baldwin, pro diversis medicamentis equorum, 25. 8d.

In the year 1408 the College authorities were prepared to defend their possessions with the following array of legal talent. Yet it does not appear that any litigation took place.

John Fromond, of whom hereafler, steward of the manors in [ants and Wilts, without stipend : William Stokes, steward of

* A further loan of £33 55. $<£. was received in 1413.

* See Stats. 3a H. VIII. c. 41 and ai Jac. I. c. ai for regulating the sale of ■lis article.

i Annals

1 Berks ant

insel, aos. : Thomas T .: 'William Byngham, , 3s. : Thomas Holmei omas Banks, attorney irseley, notary, 13s. 4 nsktory Court of Wi insel, retainer, 13s. ^

\t Epiphanytide in ring two whole day inerosi de patria). tlliam Bremshete, tl ider-Sheriff; John Vt lomas Colyngton, Ni ;wton, Edward Cowc m Sparsholt The £ ire presents to the gu lught a heronshaw i\ for his pains. The [n 141 1 the following

Villiam Neweman, ma ATilliam Kenne, cook ohn Baker, brewer lohn Losynge, porter a William Tettebury (offi ATiUiam Pokulchyrche, ■lenry Russel, Warder Thomas Hawkesbury, ( flicholas Clayden, butlt

i8rf. . . . 'ohn Nowell, garcio cw Thomas Cowdray, garc Philip Gardener . lanyn, baker's and bn

for looking after W lichard Romesye, car

as. 6d., gratuity, 6d. 'ohn Springold, laundr

\ present of a flagon pies and pears, to tht One Nicholas Difor

Warden Morys. 159

the audit in 141 1 with 100 oysters in payment of his quit rent These oysters doubtless came from Hamble, which was as famous for oysters then as it is for crabs now. The Prior of Hamble used to render ao,ooo ojrsters at mid- Lent to the monks of St, Swithun as an acknowledgment for a corrody of six gowns, six pairs of shoes, six pairs of boots, with twenty-one loaves and forty-two flagons of ale weekly, which he and his brethren received from the monastery. After the property of the priory became vested in Winchester College, this corrody was made the endowment of Wykeham's Chantry in Winchester CathedraL In 1417, when the prior and convent of St. Swithun accepted it, the estimated yearly value of this corrody was £io.

In 1413 only four vacancies occurred in College, the smallest number on record. One of the vacancies was filled by Richard Androes, afterwards Dean of York and Secretary of State, and first Warden of All Souls, Oxford.

Custus capellae in 1412 : —

A thousand and fifteen wafers, 75, lod. : twenty-five flagons and one pottle of red wine, at 5^. or 6(L the flagon, 135. 5^. : nine flagons and one pottle of oil for the lamp over the High Altar at idd, and ladl the flagon, 115. 2d. : two hundred and fifty lbs. wax, £6 OS. 4^. (very dear) : Edward Chandler, making it into candles, 15s. 2^ : four dozen wax candles for the choir, 55. 4^. : twenty-four ells of linen, at &/. or 'jd, to make napkins, albs, and amices, 195. : three pieces of ' bokeram,' 9^! : *buttes' (hassocks) for the stalls in the choir, 3^/. : glazier mending windows, i2d, : eleven lbs. of rope for the great bell, i6(L : making and binding an anthem book, 2S. 6d. : Agnes Lambert, hemming four albs and six amices, as. : John Overton, making two copies of * The History of our Lord's Body,' and * The life of St. Anne,' 3s. /^

Pavyngtiel, bought at Newbury, probably from Shaw, for the floor of the library, and the wages and expenses of the paviour, who lodged five nights at a hostelry in the Soke, came to 255. 5^. ; cartage from Newbury, i2rf. ; tiler, six days tiling the wall by the Carmelites' church, 25. 6rf. ; William Ikenham, making stillions for the cellar, and a windlass to raise and lower the cradle used in mending the east window of the chapel,

Under custus forinsecus is an item of 205. for a feast to the Carmelite brethren on the day of SS. Philip and James, to cele-

i6o Annals of I

brate the sealing of articl maintenance of the boundai College and the precinct the last section. The count room has attached to it perfe and of the Provincial of the

An Oxford scholar (name for the place of usher vacate his expenses '.

The Society had a case co at this time. Four local lav Alisaunder, and John and V 6s. 8d, each. Sir John Col douceur of 405. The associi we have heard of already (a: Wawayn and Thomas Broi Pleas, had 6s. 8d. each, and

The following inventory < pliance with Archbishop Aru back of the roll for 141a : —

' In the Chapel : A new cur) palls of white and green won Twenty crockettea for hanging embroidered worsted with tw< and red worsted, worked wi middle. A plain red "banki each end.

' In the Hall : Two table-toj a long table down the middl either side*. Two planks in 1 copper.

' In the Pantry : Four latten with covers. Twenty-four lat spoons. Two trencher knives, of Flemish linen, each six yan ten yards long. One table dc long. One "tuell" of same, Flemish linen, six yards long.

' ' In data cuidani scolari Oxon. v pro officio ostisrii Coll. ad missione suis et rewardo ac pro conductione ijj" iiij''.'

• The side tables, being fixtures, i

Warden Morys. i6i

(crash) six yards long. Two thin *' sauenapes '' of Flemish linen, one seven yards, the other six yards long. One ^^ sauenape " of the same and one of "crest," each five yards long. Two crest cloths, each ten yards long. Six short " tuells " of " Bredewelle." One cupboard cloth of Flemish linen.

* In the kitchen : Twelve pewter plates, twelve potegers (soup plates or saucers), fourteen salts; all with Founder's arms. Eighteen pewter plates, eighteen potegers, eighteen salts, all marked " III. M. an. X." Twelve pewter plates, twelve potegers, twelve salts of another pattern, marked "V. M. an. X." One pewter "char" (charger), five plates, five potegers, four salts, all marked " D. P. an. X." Eight old pewter plates and ten others, and fifteen potegers of another pattern, not marked. Three brass pots (ollae), two of them marked with three branches on their sides. A great brass pot "Colman," with ears and feet

' In the bakehouse : Five sacks, four canvasses for covering the paste', four tubs for flour, two "byvers" or dressers, a knife, two sieves, three candlesticks, three " graves " (scrapers) pro knedyng- trowes purgandis ^ an iron prong, a balance and two leaden weights, a tankard.

' In the brewhouse : Two coppers : two " meshyngvattes " : threer malt shovels : a cistern ; four cowches (coolers) : three pails : three keves with straw covers : thirty keevers (shallow tubs) for the wort : a " dausyngfyne " : two " altronges " : a " berryngkyve " : an iron rake : an axe : a wedge : a vat : three buckets, hooped : a " lathe " : two brooms : two shovels : three baskets : a lanthom : two candle- sticks : a " somerhous " : a coal-rake : a fire-pick : a " bararde " : a tenon saw : two handsaws : a trunk for filling the copper.

' In the stable : Three horses : four hakeney saddles with " hues " of black leather : another set of " hues " : a mal (mail) saddle, with cropper, reins, &c., complete : three " wadyngsadels " : a " somer- sadel" complete: five girths: three leather coUars: a pair of "stirupyrons" : a currycomb: a shovel: a three-tined fork: a prong: two iron hooks for hay : a wheelbarrow.

' In the Barbaria : A roimd latten chafer with lid and handle : a chafer of copper : a round latten basin : three shaving cloths : a chest : a round stool.*

Morys died October 23, 1413. William Hayne, one of the ellows, rode to Oxford with the news, and returned by way f London, where he sued out a renewal of the Charter of

' Dough is so called in the trade.

' The kneading troughs, as being fixtures, are not included in this list.

M

1 63 Annals of I

Privileges from the new Kin occupied seven days, and his

The brass to the memory altar in the chapel is inscribi

' Hie iacet magister JohS M obiit die undecim millia virgii regni Regis Hem^ici Quinti pri deus amen.'

CHAPTER IX.

JOHN FROMOND.

His home and family. — Steward of the manors. — His will. — Provision for choristers* gowns. — Founds Chantry. — Chaplains. — Description of the febric — Its fate at the Reformation. — Converted into library. — Now a chapel. — ^The Scriptorium.

John JPVomond, in the year 1407, when we first hear of him, was a country gentleman residing at Sparsholt, near Win- chester, where his father John and his grandfather Richard resided before him. He was probably of a Winchester family, for a Stephen Fromond was mayor of that city in 1275^ 9 ^"^ John Fromond himself owned property in and near the city. His wife's name was Matilda or Maud. They were childless, and had adopted a little girl named Lucy, who was a god-daughter of Fromond', and sometimes came with her maid Alice to see him in his chamber over the Outer Gate. She probably died young, inasmuch as she is not mentioned in Fromond's will. His name occurs in the computus of 1407, where there is an entry of twelvepence given to a servant of his for bringing a 'chyne' of pork and a collar of brawn from Sparsholt as a present to the Warden and Fellows. In 1408 he succeeded Pole as steward of the manors in Hants and Wilts. A year or more later the remaining manors in Berks and Middlesex were

^ His name does not occur in the Guildhall li^ of mayors, but he attested as aayor in that year a grant by Sir Henry Heose, Knt., to the Black or Domini- ao Friars in Winchester, of some property within the East Gate adjoining heir house.

* In dato cuidam nutrici lactanti quandam filiam adoptivam Joh. Fromond et aoris eius' tlth^ (computus 4 H. IV) * In dato filie spirituali Johis Fromond xx«*' .*. 6 H. v.).

M 2

164 Annals of Winchester College.

entrusted to his care, and he continued steward until his death in 1420. The College was very short of money during this period ; and Fromond, who, judging by the quantity of landed property which he disposed of by his will, must have been a rich man, never drew his stipend of £5 after the first year, and was content to act for the bare fees of office. During all this time he appears to have been on intimate terms with the Warden and Fellows, and a continual exchange of presents went on between them. He was one of the guests at the great dinner which the Society gave on Twelfth Day, 1409-10, to the High Sheriff and gentry, which was alluded to in the last chapter. In December 1416, as he lay sick in his inner cham- ber next the one over the Outer Gate, the Fellows tempted his appetite with dishes of fish, eels, and birds of several sorts, and sent in a cup of sweet wine for his wife when she came to see him, besides making a present of 2od, to Alice, the little girl's maid. In Passion Week 141 7, he received a present of eels and lampreys from the Society, and on the 13th of August following they divided 2od. among the labourers in his harvest at Sparsholt. Not long afterwards Fromond and his wife were guests in Hall at one of the large dinners which the Warden was then in the habit of giving. Two extra cooks were em- ployed on that occasion, and there was music afterwards*.

Fromond died in November 1420, a few days after making his will*, which was proved on the 29th of that month at King's Somborne before John Langhorne, Commissary General to the Bishop of Winchester. After giving a number of charitable legacies and endowing a chantry in the parish church at Spars- holt, Fromond devised ' a tenement in the parish of St. John in

^ ' In dato Ricardo de Hida ministrallo venienti ad ColL tempore quo dfius J oh. Forest et dna de Fromond et alii generosi invitati fuere ad prandium vj'. In dat. Ade Chandler adiuvanti in coquina eodem tempore viij^. In dato Rogero coco Ste Elizabethe pro simili causli eodem tempore xij'. In exp. Hen. Russel equitantis ad diversas partes pro volatilibus et aliis providendis erga dictum diem, cum uno equo conducto ad idem per yj dies iij<*/

* Printed in the Archaeologies Journal ^ vol. xvi. pp. 166-73.

' This deserves explanation, in view of the fact that the alienation of land by will was not allowed in this country (except here and there by special custom) previously to Stats. 3a H. VIII, c. i and 33 H. VIII, c 5, Although the feudal law prohibited devises of land, people got over the difficulty (as they always do when the law interferes with freedom of disposition) by the device of enfeoffing their executors and then directing them verbally or otherwise how

John Frontond. 165

the Soke, another in the parish of Winnal, and a third without the north gate of Winchester to the Warden and Fellows of Winchester College for the purpose of buying clothes (pro in- dHtneniis emendts) for the choristers of the College. Each of these boys was to receive three yards of cloth .yearly, of a different colour from that worn by the scholars \ If, the tes- tator continued, the income should not suffice (as proved to be the case) to provide so much cloth, the deficiency was to be made up out of the profits of the manor of AUington and a moiety of the manor of Femhill, which he had already devised to the College as a provision for keeping the anniversary of his death. The officiating chaplain was to receive 35. on this occa- sion ; the Warden, if he officiated, 40s. ; every clerk and scholar who attended, 2^. ; and 135. 4//. was to be laid out on a pittance throughout hall. Provision was also made for a chaplain who should sing mass daily for the souls of the Fromonds, in the chapel which the testator had built in Cloisters, now known as the Chantry. The chaplain's stipend was to be ten marks, or £6 135. 4rf. per annum. William Clyff, the first chaplain, died on March 14, 1433-4, ^^^ was buried in the Chantry under a brass, since removed to Cloisters, which bears the following in- scription : —

ORATE P AIA DNI WILO CLYFF p'HI CAFELLANI ISTI . CAPELLAE QUI OBIIT Ziiij^' DIE MENS. MARCH ANO DKI MCCCC<^ XZXiij<> CUI . AIE P^PICIET DE. AMEN.

Fromond's will was that the Warden and Fellows should nominate Clyff's successors. Consequently every one of his successors was a fellow of the College. They were : —

to dispose of the land after their death, in confidence that the church would see the direction carried into efiect It is true that this practice was forbidden by StaL 37 H. VIII, c. 10, so that there is a period of five years in our history during which lands could not be alienated, directly or indirectly, by will. But in Fromond^s time it was possible. However, in the case of copyholds, to which SUts. 3a H. VIII, c. i and 33 H. VIII, c. 5 did not extend, the tenant was obliged to surrender to the use of his will until the year 1815, when a Statute was passed (55 Geo. Ill, c. 19a) rendering devises of copyholds valid without a surrender to the use of the will.

^ In the year 1450 the choristers received *■ blewe maydekyn ', costing 37s. the piece of twenty-four yards, and in the following year * blewe medley * and ' grene medley,' costing 36s. the piece. At this tiine the price of a like quantity of scholar's cloth was 345.

P^J^^

1 66

Annals of Winchester College.

'^^.

William Wykc . .

A.D.

1433

John Gynnore . . . ,

1466

John Hayward

1492

John Dogoode . . . ,

1502

John Curteys .

1509

John Clere

1514

Richard Dunstall .

1524

Richard Phyllypps

1539

Phyllypps remained chaplain until the first year of Edward VI, when all such endowments were abolished. Fromond's obit was kept on November 9, the anniversary of his death.

Fromond bequeathed to his widow his two best silver-gilt cups with covers, his two second-best silver-gilt cups with covers, a silver-gilt pyx for pepper (pro pulvere), six plain silver cups, two silver salts, two silver bowls, twenty-three silver spoons, one text^ (codex) mounted in silver gilt, one Note* ornamented with silver, all utensils and linen and woollen articles in his chamber and pantry, a set of vestments with a chalice, and another set for use on week-days, with cruets, portable altar, and bell. Also all his live and dead stock at Sparsholt and Mapledurham, and her wearing apparel '. And after giving numerous other legacies, including one to the College of a goblet of silver, parcel gilt, a new antiphonary, unbound, and a new chalice, Fromond disposed the residue of his property to pious uses. The executors, besides his wife, were Warden Thurbem, Richard Seman, and Richard Wallop, who succeeded Fromond as College steward. Each of them had a legacy of 405. contingent on acting. Fromond's remains were interred in his chantry.

This is a structure of Bere stone, thirty-six feet long by eighteen wide. There are two three-light windows on either side, and one of five lights at each end. The stained glass over the entrance doorway was inserted by Lord Chief Justice Erie, at a cost of £200. That in the east window comes fix>m Thurbem's chantry (Chapter XIII). It contains the oldest extant likeness of Wykeham (for that in the east window of the

* A copy of the Gospels or gospel book. ' A music book.

' So completely did marriage denude a woman of everything that could be called her own, that even her wearing apparel belonged to her husband.

John Fromond, 167

College chapel has been renewed), also the Holy Trinity, the Archangel Gabriel, and a number of female saints, St. Apol- Ionia, St Margaret, St. Ursula, St. Agnes, St. Elizabeth, St Barbara, St Cecilia, St Mary Magdalene, St Helena, St Anne, and the Virgin Mary. The groined ceiling has on the bosses the following coats of arms : —

Fromond. — Arg. a chevron or between three fleurs-de-lis argent

John of Gaunt, King of Leon and Castile. — Argent. A lion rampant sable, quartering gules for Leon, a castle or for Castile.

Cardinal Beaufort. — Quarterly, France and England, a border gobony argent and azure, over all a cap.

Henry VI. — Quarteriy, France and England, Arg. three fleurs- de-lis or: second, gules, three lions passant, gardant of the second. The third as the second, the fourth as the first.

Baron de Grey. — Barry of six argent and azure, a bend quar- tering azure, three lioncels passant, gardant in pale argent

HusEE OR Hussey, — Or, a cross vert. Crest ; A stag lodged under a tree.

Beauchahp, E. of Warwick. — Quarterly, first and fourth gules a fess between six crosses, corslets or. Second and third, cheeky or and arg. a chevron ermine.

Palmer of Winthorp. — Argent, three palmers' staves sable, the rests head sand ends or.

Nicholas Bubwith, Bp. qf Bath and Wells, 1408-25. — Argent, a fess engrailed between three chaplets of holly leaves sable.

John Berkeley, Sheriff of Hants, 3 Hen. IV. — Gules, a chevron between ten crosses fermee argent, 4, 2, i, 2, i.

WooLNOTH AND Legh. — Quarterly, first and fourth a cross voided couped sable ; second and third argent, three lozenges azure.

PoPHAM. — Argent on a chief gules : two buck's heads caboched or.

Archbishop Stafford. — Or, a chevron gules.

CouRTENAY. — Or, three torteauxes in chief, a file with three labels azure.

UvEDALE. — Argent, a cross moline gules.

Prior Nevill ?— A lion rampant in chief, four keys, two and two, addossed.

FiTZALAN, E. of Arundeu — Gulcs, a lion rampant or, quartering sable, a fret or.

• ■~j—- .ft:» •■ «^

168 Annals of Winchester College.

Sm JoHK HoLoifDE. — ^Qoaiteriy, Fnmce and Enj^d, a bordure azure, chai^ged with verdoy of fleur-de-lis or.

Percy, Earl of NoRTHUMBERuanx — Or, a lion rampant arure; quartering gules, three luces haurient argent.

Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury. — Gules, a saltier argent, quartering argent, three lozenges gules.

Thomas, Duke of Gloucester. — Quarterly, France and England, a border argent.

This chantry was not consecrated until the year 1437. An Irish Bishop had consecrated the College chapel, and another, the Bishop of Annadown, consecrated the chantry as Beaufort's suffiragan on August s6 in that year : —

*■ In un& cen§ dat Ep5 Enagdunensi consecranti altare in capellA Fromond, cum ij" viij^ dat duobus famulis eiusdem, v* viij^ . . . In exp. fisict circS suffiragan. DnI Cardinalis consecrant akare in capelllL Fromond zxvj die Augusti et alios prandentes in camera custodis— ix» X*.'

Fromond's widow was of the party. She probably lived in Winchester. The establishment at Sparsholt must have been broken up after Fromond's death, for before the year of her mourning was over she presented the Society with the stones and gear of the mill there. This mill was worked by horse power, and served to grind wheat and malt for the College until the water mill was built more than a hundred years after- wards. It is likely that she survived her husband more than twenty years, for it was not until the year 1442 that the Society got possession of the property devised for clothing the choris* ters, which was of course subject to her dower as long as she lived *. The Warden spent fifteen days in London in the month of November 1442, on the business of obtaining a license to hold the manors of Allington* and Femhill in mortmain; and obtained it on condition of paying a relief of £6 135. 4^, — one year's value probably — to Alice Neville, Countess of Salisbury, of whom the manors were held, and to her eldest male lineal

^ She bequeathed to the Society a cup mounted in silver gilt inscribed :— < He schal have Crystes Uessying to his dele Whoso of me drinketh wele.'

* The ether moiety of this manor was made over to the College by Bishop Beckington.

John Fromond.

169

descendant, as often as there should be a change of Warden. The Society formally accepted Fromond's benefaction by deed, dated June 20, 1446, and thereby bound themselves and their successors to perform the conditions attached to it, under pain of forfeiting the sum of 1005. for every breach to the Bishop of Winchester and the Society of New College in equal moieties.

The Society undertook the care of the fabric. They pro- vided new doors in the year 1439 for the chantry and the room over it, as well as at the entrance to cloisters and the exit from their south-west corner leading to meads *. — ' Sol. Joh. Carpenter, Londiniensi, circa facturam valvarum hostii capelle Fromond, hostii librarie in e&dem capelle et valvarum hostii claustri et gardini hoc anno p. xviij dies, capienti p. diem wd. — vij5. v}d.f* is the entry in the computus relating to it — and in the year 1455 ^^Y P^^ ^ ^ brazier to warm it in the winter. * Sol. pro j novo Vjrrepanne, cum j novo pair ly tongs viiji' — The writer of this sentence evidently spoke broad Hampshire and wrote as he spoke.

The chantry was of course disused under Edward, and save during Mary's reign, when a chantry priest officiated as of old, was shut up until a fresh benefactor appeared on the scene. Robert Pinke (adm. 1588), who was Warden of New College from 161 7 to 1642, in the year 1629 converted the chantry into a library for the use of the Society at his own expense. ' Huius biblio- thecae aream fundavit, eamque stallis, subselliis, scriniis, catenis, ferramentisque omnibus impensft suft ornavit,' is the tribute to his memory in the Book of Benefactions to the Library. The importance of this benefaction to a body of resident fellows, such as then existed, cannot be exaggerated. The old library over the treasury had indeed been restored at some expense (£32 185. 51/.) in the year 1562; but it was an inconvenient room for the purpose, ill-lighted, at the very top of everjrthing, and not nearly large enough for the purpose after the invention of printing. The chantry made an admirable library. There is a view of the interior in Ackerman's History of the College of Winchester. The books— a valuable collection — were catalogued by W. T. Alchin * in 1840, and afterwards arranged by Bohn. The Society were indebted to Dr. Hodges (Fellow 1851-80) for

' See anUj p. 64.

^ Librarian to the Corporation of the City of London.

17© Annals of W

many improvements in this de] of the books were removed ti chantry became a chapel ag; juniors. The room overhead ' room to copy MSS. in. Su printing came in, for the pur; service books required for uj room — libraria it is called in admirably suited for its purpc supported by beams springing bearing shields, and has a ti lighted, having four windows o It was used as a granaiy in 15 Pinke and used to receive which it still serves.

The exterior of the Chant most of the carved work wa of Cheltenham, the sculptor ■n the screen of Winchester ( of arms referred to on page

I I find in the computus of this jcbi endo ly gyn (the gin or windlass) in cum ij fiunulis pro ij diebus, et pro sibi pro j Dovo fune pro grano sublevando

CHAPTER X.

CARDINAL BEAUFORT.

Succeeds Wykeham. — Gives image of Our Lady to the College. — ^The appro- priation of Andover Priory. — Its history. — ^Angel Inn. — News of Agin- court— Tithes of siiva caedna, — Dispute with Chapter of Sarum. — ^The Cardinal's munificence. — His obit — Simon Kent, of Reading.

Henry Beaufort, half-brother of Henry IV and Cardinal of England, succeeded Wykeham as Bishop of Winchester. He is called Henry Bewford in the computus rolls, because that was the Hampshire pronunciation of his surname, just as Beaulieu is called Bewley\ A dinner given in the College Hall on the occasion of his installation in Winchester Cathedral appears to have cost the large sum of £4 45. 8rf., including the charges 'diversorum hominum equitant et peditant. pro diversis victualibus pro eodem.'

In March 1411-12 the Cardinal sent a silver-gilt 'jrmage* of Our Lady 'sedentis cum filio in cathedra' as a present to the Society against the Feast of the Annunciation in that month '. Two or three days afterwards, while it was yet Lent, the Cardinal dined in Hall. The bill of fare was as follows : —

'Two gross of pickled salmon, 55. SflU ; five pads of lampreys from Gloucester, 335. &/. ; messenger to order them, and carriage, 65. o\d, ; a sturgeon from London, 35. 2d, ; salted lampreys, 35. ; fifty lampems and six gross of eels, 75. 8rf. ; a quarter of porpoise, 65. 8<i ; twelve

* Beaufort, a character in Beaumont and Fletcher's play Tht NobU Gentleman is named ' Bewford ' in the old editions.

^ ' In date Job. Famham camerario Dm Epi Wynton in festo Annunciacionis Beatc Marie deferent! usque Collegium ymaginem Beate Marie argent et de- aurit. dc dono dicti Dfil Epl.' This image remained on the High Altar from that time until 1 Ed. VI.

Annals of Winchester College.

d congers, 5s. ; Tour crabs from Salisbury, 6s. ' ; the tail end of "bot, 35. 41/. Dessert : A pot of " gretiegyngyver,'' vreighing one id, as. 8^. ; three pounds of dates ^d. ; four chardeguynes (Char- ts or artichokes), a pottle of Romney and apottle of bastard, 141/*.' 1 Rymay, the Cardinal's own cook, had a fee of 3s. for ice and assistance on this occasion. The good manners of scholars must have impressed the Cardinal favourably, in Easter week he sent his company of minstrels to give a brmance in Hall.

bout a year afterwards the Cardinal was instrumental in niring for the College a grant of the possessions of St. Mary's .ry at Andover, It was one of the alien priories, endowed Villiam the Conqueror, who gave the church of Andover to monks of St. Florence in Anjou, King William's charter is erved in an iHspeximus dated June i, 8 Ed. Ill (1325).

joverint qui sunt et qui venturi sunt quod Willmus Rex qui is Anglicam terram sibi subjugavit dedit Sto Florencio ecclesiam indever, et ea que ad ecclesiam pertinent, videlicet j hidam terre ij acres et decimas deomni dominio suoquod est in ip>sfi parochiA; est de annona de porcellis de agnis de caseis et de proprio uagio' unum porcum in festo Sti Martini et pascua zij bourn et irum et omnium ovium falde* monachorum cum suis pecudibus ilvam ad calefaciendum monachos, ad panem coquendum, ad isiam, ad sepes, ad domos claudendas, et x porcos in silvi suA ptassuagio, etc.'

he Prioiy was sequestrated, like the rest of the alien ries, under Edward III. A copy of the inventoiy of the js and chattels of the Priory at the time of the sequestration 1 the possession of Winchester College. It was made by ;r de Bru^e' and Nicholas Bray. The Priory, however, 1 hard. The Prior, Denys Chanoun, had interest enough at rt to obtain a warrant to stay the sequestration ; and the

Vby from Salisbuiy I The price and nninber forbid us to asnune that river

fish are meant

fhe cost of bread and beer is not given, probably because it was charged to

ccount of commons. Dessert and wine, to judge from the snuU quantity

ch, must have been served at the High Table only.

>annBge, or feed for swine.

fold.

ligh Sheriff of Hampshire, 1366.-9. He founded a chantiy to the Virgia

' in the parish church of Andover circa A.11. 1374. The deed of foundation

d to exist among the archives of tlie Corporation of Andover.

Cardinal Beaufort. 173

next (arid last) Prior, Nicholas Gwyn, who was instituted October 29, 1399^ was able to procure a re-grant of the Priory in his own favour, subject, however, to a condition that the Priory should pay to the King (Henry IV) and his heirs during the remainder of the war with France the same annual sums as it paid to the parent monastery previously to the war, and should in addition maintain sundry English monks, chaplains, and officials, and bear other burdens set forth in the charter of restitution. There had been already some negotiations between the College and the monks of St. Florence touching the purchase of the Priory, and Richard II had granted letters patent sanctioning the alienation ; but Gwyn's stroke of policy put an end to these negotiations. On the general dissolution of the alien priories, decreed by the Parliament held at Leicester in the first year of Henry V, the custody of the Priory was given to Gwyn, charged with the payment of a pension of twenty marks (£13 65. Sd.) yearly to Queen Joan, the widow of Henry IV, and of forty marks (£26 135. 4^.) to the Crown. Gwyn then saw his interest in renewing the negotiations with the College, and finally made over the Priory to the Warden and Fellows, subject to the above-mentioned charges, and reserving to himself a pension for life of fifty-two marks (£34 135. 4^.). This sum was probably all that the Priory was worth at this time, for its annual value in i Hen. VI appears by the charter of that King confirming the transfer to the College to have been only one hundred and ten marks, which leaves a surplus of but fifty marks after satisfying the demands of Queen Joan and the Crown. The deed of transfer to the College bears date September 1,1 H. V (1413). The common seal of the Priory could not be found, and a new one (costing 16^.) had to be cut before the deed could be sealed by Prior Gwyn. Richard Bedunay, Prior of Cogges, who seems to have been agent- general for the house of St. Florence at this time, had a fee of 65. '&/. for his share in the transaction; and a man of Andover named William Payn, whose name will occur again, received the same sum for his friendly offices. A charter of Henry V, dated at Westminster, December 10, 2 H. V, confirm- ing the Warden and Scholars in the possession of the Priory, is in the muniment room at Winchester. This charter recites the license granted by Richard II to the Warden and Scholars to

174 Annals of IVinchesier College.

acquire alien priories to the value of aoo marics per annum. It alludes to the seizure of the Priory by Edward III, and its restitu- tion by Henry IV to Nicholas Gwyn ; and goes on to recite that the King having heard that Thurbem had acquired possession of the Priory by virtue of the license granted by Richard II, was graciously pleased out of respect for the pious and laudable intentions of the Founder and Richard II, and out of considera- tion for the acceptable, praiseworthy, and beneficial services of his dearest uncle Henry (Beaufort), Bishop of Winchester and Patron of the College, and at the earnest and special request of the said Bishop, to confirm the Warden and Scholars in the possession of the Priory and its appurtenances.

There is also an inspeximus of the Charter of Privileges, dated at Westminster, July 26, i Ed. IV, which contains a special con- firmation to the Warden and Scholars of the Priory and its appurtenances. In this inspeximus no notice is taken of the Charters of the Kings of the House of Lancaster, and when the name of Henry V occurs he is styled 'de facto non de jure rex.'

There is also an inspeximus addressed to the Keeper of Chute Forest by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, in his capacity of Lord High Keeper of the King^s Forests within Trent, of a Charter of Henry V, heir and regent of France, and Lord of Ireland, which confirms the Conqueror's gift to the monks of St. Florence in favour of Winchester College.

It was a long time before the College derived any benefit

.from the Priory. The Warden and Fellows actually petitioned

Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, to get them discharged from

the pension to Queen Joan, but without success^ ; and she did

not die till the year 1437. Gwyn enjoyed his pension for

* * To the ryght myghty and dowted {sic) Prince the Due of Gloucester : — ' Plese hit to youre myghty princehode to consider how that late the right noble and myghty princesse Queue Johanna graunted to Rob^ Thurbeme Wardeyn of the College called Seynt Marye College besyde Wynchestre to pardone the sayd Wardeyn and scolers ther of xx mark yerly to her dewe of the Same College in parcell of her doweiy. Which pardon was granted in way of Almes by cause of the greate loss of the sayd Wardeyn and Scoleres by the destructyon as by brennyng of this toun of Andover, by which toun in fore tyme stood the most substance of hir lyflode. There upon of your gracious and myghty princehode so to ordeyne that the forsayd quene of her good grace wold make acquytaunce of the forsayd xx mark yerely to be paid for tyme that is passed : and also of her grace to grant a discharge to the sayd Wardeyn and Scolers for tyme that is to come, for the love of God and in work of Charyte.'

Cardinal Beaufort. 175

twenty years, and any chance of surplus income while he lived was swept away by a dreadful fire which occurred in the year 143s being the one referred to in the petition in the note. It destroyed the College Inn in the High Street, the inn now called the Angela The Society were not able to rebuild it until the spring of 1445. The contract for the carpenter's work bears date March 4, 1444-5 • —

*This endenture mad bytwene Mr. Robert Thurbem, Wardeyn of the college y called Seynt Marie College of Wynchester byside Wynchester, felows and scolers of the same college of that one parte, and John Hardyng and Richard Holnest, carpenters, of that other parte, witnesse that the said John and Richard shal wel and connably make in so moch as to carpentre bilongeth, that is for to say A inne with inne the toune of Andever, the which shal be sette in a voide ground in the North parte of the land y called Niggesland,"

Z X

conteynyng in drcuyte xvij ' fete, in the Counte of Suth*, cont in widenesse xziiij fete north and south in length xx fete with a sety utward of ij fete est and west Al so fro the suthchambr inward al

X X

to be billed cont. iiij fete in the which shal be stables in widnesse by grond xx fete, with chambers above xxij fete in widnesse and v fete y tak owte of the same chambers in widnesse for oriell, and every oriel the piyncipal hamsill(?) and ymouellid aboute, and ij fete by twyne every mouel. Al so fro the north chambr inwards

X X

iiij fete and billid with' kechyn and stables in like wyse. Also in the ende of the said' Inne ; that is for to say, in the west party of the

X X

same inne al billyd cont. iiij fete and x like to the north and south parte, savyng a chamber over a gate in the said parte with a wyndowe cordyng to the portratur\ Also the groundsill of the same inne a Ibte brode and ix inches thikk. The postes of the same j fote brode and X inches thikk. The (illegible) .... accordyng to the same with the joistes aforstret viij inches brode yj thikk and bytwene every poste vij inches. The joistes inwards vij inches of brode yj thikk and by twene every joiste viij inches. The walplates viij inches squar thorow al the bild3nig. The rafters yj inches brode iiij thikk thorow

^ Speaking of this Inn, the late Rev. C. Collier in Andover and its Ntigh- bottrhood says, ' In that part of the house inhabited by Mr. Reynolds we have sooie stone shields of arms of very early date. In one of Mr. Reynolds' rooms, too, was found a wooden panel containing the arms of Wykeham . . . Tradition points out to you the room in this house where King John slept'

* It belonged in 99 Ed. Ill to Godfrey de Nugge. ' L e. 340 feet

* Portraiture or elevation

176 Annals of Winchester College.

all the bildyng and by twoie evoy rafter is inches space. Al so the said John and Ridiard shal make al manner of speiis, bynches^ dores, wyndowes, in bildyng of beddes, and saw al manner hordes and plankes to the said inne longing, after a portrator ther of mad or better, according to the Covenantis in this endentiure rehersed.

Of the which xvij fete iiij x to be billed north and soath a forestrete, upon the same ground : Where on shal be sette in the Suth parte of the forsaid ground a chamb' xxiiij fete widnesse and brede, and the same chambr the forsaid John and Richard at here own coste shal poste heme and flore. Also northward fro the same chambr a gate, conteynyng xij fete hi grounde in widnesse, over the which gate shal be a chambr cont. in length zxij fete, of the which x fete to be trussed over into the halle. Also a halle north fro the same gate conL in length xxx fete and xx fete in widnesse, with a coupe! trussel for the groundsile. Al so a chamb' in the north parte of the same halle, savyng bord longyng to dores and wyndows and racks and mangers. AIs so the same John and Richard shal mak al manner dores and wyndows a cordyng to the portratur above rehersed or better. Furthermore to be vounde* to the same John and Richard tymber with the carriage so much as hit nedyth to the said work, so that the said John and Richard with their workmen be not let in defaute of cariage in dew tyme so that weder faiL Al so the tymber to be felled at the cost of the said John and Richard, and they to have the ofTel of the said tymber for their labour. Al so of the makyng of this said work the forsaid John and Richard hath day from the feste of the Annunciation of our lade nexte foUowyng after the makyng of this present wrytyng endentid in to the same

X X

feste seuyng by twcyne hole yere. Takyng for theyr labour iiij pounds and x, that is for to sey, x pounds at big3rnmng and so further to be paid as the work encreseith. In witnesse of the which

thyngs to one part of this script endented toward the forsaid John and Richard remeynyng We the said Rob* Thurbem Wardeyn of said College felowes and scolers of the same oure common seal have putte : to that other parte of this script endented towards us re- meynyng the forsaid John Hardyng and Richard Holnest ther sealls ther have putte. Given the fourth day of March in the yere of the reynyng of Kyng Harry the sexte after the Conquest thre and twentieth.'

In the summer of 1415, while Henry V was at Winchester, on his way to Southampton, where the expedition against France was fitting out, Cardinal Beaufort paid a flying visit to

^ Hampshire for ' found.'

Cardinal Beaufort. 177

the College. He and his suite were entertained with a refec- tion of trout, cherries, and wine, costing 25. lod., and a present was made to him of bows and arrows for his use when he went a-hunting in any of his parks in the county.

' In zij arcubus empt. apud Londin. mense maii pro Dn5 £p5 Wynton. et familiS suS ad dandum inter eosdem tempore venacionis in diversis parcis suis in comitatu Southton. xzij" viij<^. £t in vj duoden. sagittar. pennis pavonum et aliarum volucrum pennat. empt ibidem eod. tempore pro dicto Epo xviij" \}\ £t in vj duodeh. capitum barbillat. emptis pro diet, sagitt viij" viij^. ... in exp. Willmi Tygale et Nichi Cranmer existencium Londin. ad dictas sagittas et arcus et alia dona supra dicta emenda, per xj dies et j noctem viij". ... In daL servienti Willmi Tygale deferend de Londin. usque Collegium supradictos arcus et sagittas que dabantur Dno Epo iij" iiij^.

On another occasion a dish of pears was provided for his refection, and a dish of pears of another sort for visitors who came at the same time :

* In Wardenperis empt et dat Dno Ep5 in festo St Luce Evan- geliste x^. Item in kychenperis empt pro extraneis superveniejit. v^.'

is the entry in the computus.

It was a son of one of the Cardinal's gentlemen-at-arms who brought to the College the news of the battle of Agincourt : —

' In date Joh. Coudray, filio Edvardi Coudray armigeri Dni Epi Wynton., deferenti novos rumores ad collegium de ultra mare de ducibus comitibus baronibus militibus et aliis generosis de FranciH captis per Dnrn Regem nostrum nunc Angliae in quodam bello facto apud Agyncourt in Pecardia in festo Sanctorum Crispini et Crispi- niani anno regni sui iij^i<> et usque in Angliam postea cum dicto DnS Rege ductis, yj" viij^.*

One of these prisoners of war, Lewis by name, was bought of his captors by the College, and found a place as a cook in the College kitchen.

*In soluto pro quodam FrancigenS noie Lodeuico servient in coquinS hoc anno (141 5) xx" iiij*.'

The Society may well have had a French cook*, for it was a

' However, Lewis did not possess the culinary skill which the Society too hastily assumed that one of his nation must possess, for he appears shortly after- wards in the character of groom, and used to ride progress in attendance on the Warden.

N

178 AntuUs of Winchester College,

year of unusual festivity; no less than 375. g^d. being expended in dessert at different times :

* In vino duld rub. et alb., piris, serviciis (serbs or service berries) et aliis delectabilibus empt per vices per tot. hunc annum, non tarn pro £pd Wynton. quam pro aliis generosis alienigenis secum venientibus, et quam plurimis generosis et dominabus supervenient, ad Coll., ultra ezpens. fact et levat. in comunis, prout patet in Jumali hospidi (the book of the Seneschal of Hall) xzzvij" ix^ ob.'

The Queen Dowager (Joan, widow of Henry IV) came on one occasion in the following year.

' In vino dulci alb. et rub. empt. per vices per tot. ann. pro £po et dna regin^ Anglie, dominis et dominabus et quam pluribus aliis generosis supervenient ad Collegium, ultra expens. et levata in comunis xxiij^ viij*.'

Still it was not all rejoicing at this period. The Society used the influence of the Archbishop of Canterbury (Chichele) to get off paying the tenth which Convocation had granted towards the expenses of the war with France ^ but they were harassed by the exactions of the King's Purveyors, who regarded not the Charter of Privileges, and were not always to be bought of^ as they were in the instances quoted in the note* from the records of 1415 and 1419.

An intended visit of the Duke of Exeter in 1418, when on his way to join Henry V in Normandy, seems to have been put off. I suppose that the Society counted the cost of entertaining the King's uncle all too dear', although he was a younger brother of the Cardinal, and one of the heroes of Agincourt. However, he was a guest in 1442, and a juggler was had in for his amuse- ment. * In dato Glocest. joculatori ludenti coram custode et

^ In quodam dono dat ArchiepO Cantuar. pro bona adiuvadone suli habend. de exoneracione dedme concesse. DBS Regi per derum in convocadonc celebratft Londin. zviij">o die Nov. un& cum z* dat cuidam clerico dicti Dni Archiepi pro sollidtacione su& habend. ad p' diet DSS ArdiiepOS ex*.'

' ' In dato Joh. Brykeforde captori avenanim pro hospido dm Regis laborant ultra mare pro favore suo de non capiendis avenis apud Roppele et in aliis maneriis CoUegii iij* iiij'. In dato John Bursetre captori frumenti capiendi pro dn5 rege ut in precio ij virgarum panni radiati et in dat inter servientes suos pro amiciti& suA habendA in maneriis et rectoriis CoUegii iiij* viij'.*

* In dato Joh! Bolton valetto de Camer& ducis Exon. venient ad Collegium cum litterA directA ad custodem ad hospitand. dictum ducem in CoUegio tempore quo venturus erat Wynton. ad regem ultra mare existentem vj« viij* : In exp. Thome Baylemond (a Fellow) equitant Londin. mens. Feb. ad ducem Exon. fcrent eidem litteram pro eo quod non hospitarctur in CoUcgio x« \i\]\

Cardinal Beaufort. 179

sodis penultimo die Julii ob reverenciam ducis Exon. fratris D»J Ep« Wynton. xiJ5.'

Another visit of Beaufort in 1419 is only known to us through an entry of 6d. paid * diversis hominibus emundantibus et purgantibus aulam et cameras erga adventum domini^' A present to him of six capons, two ' fessauntes/ and four par* tridges, while at Merewell (Marwell) about this time, cost 75. \d,

A little later the Cardinal was in Normandy, and one of his people who called at the College to say that his master's health was good * received a gratuity of 8rf., and a pair of gloves which cost 16^.

Beaufort's great work in connection with the Hospital of St. Cross, which he nearly rebuilt, is described in Milner's History of Winchester. The church was dedicated on the Saturday in the second week of the first term of the College year, i. e. about the middle of October 1420. After the ceremony, the Warden and Fellows gave a dinner in the College Hall to some friends, including Boreway, Keswyk, Kyngesmylle, Pyes, Smythford, Webnan, and three people from the village of St. Cross. Four singing men from St. Cross, and Deverose, 'the litigious tailor,' dined with the servants on this occasion. Fromond, the steward, Keswyk, and Tychfeld were guests at supper.

In 1423, three years later, the Cardinal mediated with success in a dispute which had arisen between the College and the Dean and Chapter of Sarum about the right to tithe of sOva caedua in the Forest of Finkley, which is a purlieu of Chute Forest, and lies about two miles north-east of the town of Andover on the Roman Road known as Portway. As successors in title of the Priory, the Society were appropriators of the great tithe of the parish of Andover ; and the real question in dispute was, whether the purlieu of Finkley was included in the parish of Andover, or not. Under the advice of Chief Justice Haukford', given apparently while on circuit at Win-

' The Cardmal, like Wykeham, is generally called dominus in the computus rolls.

' In dat Wil]m5 Thomes, sen. valetto Dni nostri Patroni venienti ad Coll. a dicto Dn5 de partibus transmarinis nuncianti prosperum statum eiusdem dm patroni, una cum xvj*^ ut de precio j paris cirotecarum empt et dat. eidem viij'.'

' Sir William Haukford, made a Justice of the Common Pleas, May 6, 1398, vice Thimyng. He became Chief Justice of the King*s Bench under Henry V, March 29, 1413, (Foss, Livis of the Judges^ temp. H. VI).

N 2

I

i8o Annals of Winehester College.

Chester, the Society sued out a writ of prohibition in order to stay certain proceedings which the Dean and Chapter had taken in the Court of Arches against the College in a cause of subtraction of tithe'. Cardinal Beaufort intervened at this stage of the dispute, and induced the two bodies to refer it to Master James Cole, the Proctor-General. Cole made an award in favour of the College. The Warden at once employed his allies, Richard Wallopp *, William Payn, and Richard Sott- well, to cut an acre of underwood which had been set out by the owner to answer the year's tithe ; and this they did with the help of a number of men of Andover, in defiance of a prohibition from the Court of Arches, which the Cardinal advised them not to obey. In the following Easter week (April i6, 1422), a Forest Court was held at the 'Wodehows** in Finkley, for the purpose of laying down the boundaries of the parish. There were present John Lysle*, Warden of the Forest ; John Harryes, his deputy ; Roger Merewell, verderer ; Ralph Greyshanks, William Cleve, John Wardayn, and Richard Douce, regarders; and William Parke, forester of Finkley. There were present also Sir Walter Sandes, Knt. ; Richard Wallop, justice of the peace ; Robert Hampton, vicar of Hurstborne ; Thomas Theobald, rector of Wee (Weyhill) ; Thomas Saye, rector of Penyton (Penton) Mewsey ; Nicholas North, rector of St. Lawrence, Winchester ; Roger Stonham, chaplain of the chantry in St. Mary's Church, Andover ; John Holborn, chaplain of the chantry of St. John the Baptist, Andover; Richard Stodewell, William Payn, Thomas Benne- bury, John Frylond, John Norton, John Raymond, Walter Gierke of Andover, William Wythge, Walter Thome, Thomas Penyton, and many other neighbours and parishioners who

^ Tithe was payable by common right ofsilva caedua, which is not great wood or timber. A Canon of 16 Ed. Ill declared that ail wood was silva audua and titheable; but by Stat 45 £d. Ill, prohibition shall be granted whenever a writ is issued in a Spiritual Court for tithe of silifa caedua. Hence, probabl3% Sir William Haukford's advice, which Warden Thurbem acknowledged by sending to him a jack from the river Itchen.

* One of the verderers of Chute Forest and rcgarder of the purlieu of Finkley.

' Now Woodhouse Farm, situate about aj miles N. N. £. of the town of An- dover.

^ Qy. the John Lysle who was a Commissioner to take the names of the gentry of Hampshire in 12 H. VI (1433). Perhaps the boy Lysle who was in Commoners in 1448 (see p. 113) was a son of his.

''v

Cardinal Beaufort. i8i

came at the request of the vicar of Andover (John Canon), on the ground that the rights and liberties of the parish of Andover were being called in question. Nobody since this remarkable day has ventured to deny that Finkley is a purlieu of the parish of Andover.

Shortly afterwards, Cardinal Beaufort made an award, de- claring the tithe of siha caedua in the vill of Finkley to be the property of the Warden and Scholars, who were to pay a relief of 5s. every seven years to the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury ^ It was a victory for the Society, but a costly one. The expenses of the Court fell wholly on the College', and they had already spent 60s. in having the cut underwood watched by night and day, lest the people of the Dean and Chapter should carry it away as they seem to have threatened to do. At the ensuing Christmas, I find an account of the Society sending presents to Sir Walter Sandes and Richard Wallopp as an acknowledg- ment of the part they had taken in the affair ; to the former, six capons, six couple of rabbits, and a six-lb. pot of that costly luxury 'grenegyngyver,' which cost 145. 6rf., and to the latter six couple of rabbits and a gallon of wine, which cost 3s.

In the year 1430 the Cardinal held a visitation of the Col- lege :—

'In vino empt. pro Epo RofTens. venienti ad vidend. Coll. tempore visitacionis Dili Cardinalis et aliorum generosorum tempore assisarum sessionum et aliis diversis temporibus hoc anno, iiij" iii j^.'

In the following year they made him a present of a pair of horses, which cost £13 65. 8rf.

A birthday present to him in the year 1440 is recorded thus: —

' In X caponibus presentat. dno cardinali erga suum natalem, cum iiij* solut. pro xviij perdicibus et expensis Ricardi Baret ' et aliorum laborancium pro acquisicione eanindem, xl" x^.'

The Cardinal died April 11, 1447, and was buried in the mag- nificent chantry in the cathedral church of Winchester which bears his name. He had given shortly before his death a sum

^ Henry II had granted (31 Dec. 1258) the forest of Andover to the church of Sarum (Sarum charters and documents, ccxx. Rolls Series, voL I).

' It is quite likely that the Dean and Chapter did not appear. The Court was composed, as far as we know, of friends of the College.

' The Warden's man.

1 8a Annals of Windiester College.

of £ioo to the Society for the purchase of the manor of Buttes, in the parish of Barkham, Berks. The manor was purchased, and by an instrument under their corporate seal, dated Novem- ber 6, 1447, the Society obliged themselves to celebrate the Cardinal's obit on the anniversary of his death. A perfect example of the College seal is attached to the instrument. It provides that ' Requiem ' and * Exsequiis mortuorum * shall be sung on the vigil of the anniversary. On the day itself, a distri- bution of 285. 8rf. is to be made. To the Warden, 25 ; to each fellow and chaplain, 12^. ; to the schoolmaster, if he be a priest, 12^. ; if he be not a priest, provided he can read the psalter, iirf; to the usher if he can do the same, 8rf. ; to every lay clerk, 4^. ; for wax, 12^. ; for a pittance throughout Hall, 105.

In 1450 the Society employed Simon Kent, of Reading; the father of the Scholar John Kent ^ to sell the manor of Buttes, and buy in lieu of it the manor of Halland, in the parish of Tile- hurst, near Reading. Why they made this exchange is not apparent. They treated Kent with a degree of confidence which he doubtless deserved, not only allowing him to buy on his own account several of the lots into which the manor of Buttes appears to have been divided, but also giving him credit for a portion of the purchase money. We find him in 1453 paying £4 65. 8^. on account of£i5due, 'pro diversis empcionibus per eundem in vendicione manerii de Buttes,* and several more years elapsed before the balance was paid. Tilehurst is only five miles from Reading, where Kent lived, and it is possible that he recommended the Society to sell one manor and buy the other for the improvement of their income. If so, he was probably a land agent. It appears from the following entry of 1450 that he was a man of the rank of a gentleman, and that the Society were satisfied with the way in which he carried out the sale : —

' In ij virgis panni colons de sectll generosorum (of the sort which gentlemen wear) dat. Simoni Kent .... pro laboribus suis habitis in vendicione manerii de Buttys ij' viij*.'

> Whose brass is in Headbourne Worthy Church. He died 14 August, 1434. There are tombstones of the Kent family at Headbourne Worthy, and a tenement in that parish is known as Kent*s alley house.

CHAPTER XL

Warden Thurbern (1413-50).

Thurbem's character. — His chantxy. — Fate of his chasuble. — Shaw manor. — Ro6amond*s Bower. — Eling causeway. — Ladies in College HalL — Wives of palish der^. — Alwyn schoolmaster. — Whyte the Lollard. — Provost Wcstbuiy. — Dean Say. — Wages in 143 1. — ^John Bedell. — Dispute with citizens of Winchester. — ^Visits of Henry VL — His gifts. — Bishops Russel and Janyn. — Ive the schoohnaster. — Case of mortuaries at Andover. — Isabel de Foxcote.

Robert Thurbern was a native of Winchester, and doubtless one of the poor scholars who fed at Wykeham's table prior to the opening of the College, as he was admitted to a fellowship of New College in the year 1388. He was given to hospitalityi and managed the affairs of the Society with ability, never fear- ing to engage in litigation when the rights of the College were at stake. During the financial diiSculties of his headship, he refrained from drawing his stipend, which was upwards of ten years in arrear at the time of his death. A little while before that event happened, he made over to the College twenty-one messuages, forty acres of arable land, five of meadow, forty of pasture, and two of wood, with their appurtenances, situate in Romsey, Stanbrygge, Maydenstone (Mainstone), Welles, and Ashford, as a provision for keeping his obit ' in qu&dam capellft per nos sumptuose construendd. capelle B. Marie Wynton prope limites eiusdem ex parte australi contignandd. et construenda ' — in a chantry which he designed to erect, and which was erected thirty years after his death, on the site of the belfry. Thurbern had bought these lands of Sir Thomas Wykeham, Knt., the founder's grandnephew and heir. The following entries in

184 Annals of Winchester College.

the computus of the year 1444 may perhaps fix the date of the purchase.

' In exp. factis drca abbatem de HydS, dnm Thomam Wykeham, militem, consanguineum dm fimdatoris, et alios prandentes in cameriL custodis xxix"*^ die lulii et in victualibus et vino xiij* vuj<^ .... in vino empt. et miss, ad Oterbome eodem tempore ix^.'

The estate at Otterbome, where Sir Thomas Wykeham was residing at this time, was one of the estates which the Founder entailed on the marriage of his grandnephew, William Wyke- ham, with Alice Uvedale, and came to Sir Thomas Wykeham on the death of that couple without issue. The estate recently belonged to the Heathcote family. About the same time Thur- bem presented the Society with a chasuble of crimson velvet, powdered with archangels and flaming clouds, inscribed R. T. with a Jesse border ; also a cope and set of vestments for deacon and sub-deacon to match. The velvet escaped the fate of such things under the Reformation, and being found stowed away in a garret in the year 1770, was given to the churchwardens of Wyke, near Winchester, by the desire of the Rev. Charles Blackstone, a Fellow of Winchester College, who was Rector of that parish, in order that it might be used as an altar-cloth. What became of it afterwards I have been unable to ascertain.

Thurbem died October 30, 1450, and is buried under the Chapel. His brass, one of the renewed ones, gives the full- length figure of a vested priest, with the following inscriptions : —

' Cum non possitis fratres evadere mortem memento mei in precibus

vestris.'

'Gustos Robertus Thurbem cognomine dictus En morior certus cui non parcit necis ictus. Spes mea vera qules, bone JHu suscipe gratum Quem tricena dies rapit Octobris febre stratum. Anno milleno Domini C quater sociato £t quinquageno morior. Bone Xte juvato. Deprecor, oretis pro me custode secundo, Discas lege pari, custos, non credere mundo.'

One of Thurbern's first acts was to rebuild the water corn-mill at Shaw, near Newbury. A *specialis amicus/ named John Dancaster, or Dancastel, gave the timber. The manor, with the Rectory of Shaw, had been granted to the College by letters

Warden Thurbem. 185

patent in the year 1384 (8 Ric. II), but the Warden and Scholars ^Clerks were unable to obtain possession of it until the year 1407, when a benefactor named William Coventre saw them righted. He had endeavoured, but without success, to acquire for the College in the previous year the manor of Great Wen- den, in Essex, and paid the expenses which they had incurred in the negotiations, amounting to £10. The manor of Shaw was held of the Crown in capite, and Coventre had to pay a fine of £25 in the year 1425 for omitting to obtain the necessary license to alienate.

' Rosamondes bowre,' a place in the College grounds con- taining a maze or labyrinth, which may have been the original of the famous maze which the traditional scholar cut in the turf on Hills before he wrote ' Domum ' and died, is mentioned for the first time in the computus of 1415. Ninepence was spent in that year for stakes and ' ryse * (brushwood) to fence it, and similar allusions occur for several years afterwards.

In the computus of 1416 will be found : —

^Cushts aulae: — In cirpis (rushes) empt pro stemendo in aula viij* vijd.'

*CustHs coqutMoe :—Sbi plates, six potegers, and six salts of Somer- set pewter with the Founder's arms, weighing ag lbs., at ^d. ;—gs. Sd, Ten dozen trenchers (disci ligneif the first mention of them), as. 'jdJ

In the computus of 1417 I find under cusius gardini lod. for two lbs. of onion seed, iirf. for three 'bounches' of garlic, and 2id. for leeks (quantity not stated), with 6d. paid to a man named Warren for planting the latter. No other vegetables are men- tioned, and we know from other sources that the art of garden- ing did not extend at that time much beyond the onion tribe. Under cusius domorum I find that Robert Moryng and his men were employed in repairing the roof of cloisters between February i and October 25, Moryng at the rate of as. 8rf. per week, and the men at the rate of 25. 6d. or 2s. ^d. per week each. Thomas Gweyn, of Wareham, had 13s. 4^. for 100 skalt (Purbeck slate) delivered at Hamble. The carriage from Hamble to St. Denys, by barge apparently, came to 2s. Brf., and from St. Denys to St. Cross the charge was 2orf.

Under custus Hbrariae appear charges in respect of an abridged copy of St. Gregory's Moralia : —

n

186 Annals of Winchester College.

* Seven quires of parchment, 3s. 6d, ; four prisoners in Wolvesey Castle writing the aJbridgement, 45. lod, ; Peter de Cheeshill, illumi- nating the initial letters and binding the volume, 65. 10^' ^

The causeway and tidal corn-mill at Eling, up Southampton Water, were constructed in the year 1418 by one Thomas Middleton on the security of a lease from the College. This causeway shortens by more than a mile the distance round the head of Southampton Water, and is maintained at the expense of the Society and their lessees, a small toll being charged for vehicles passing over it. The Warden and Fromond rode down to Southampton early in the year 1415 in order to see Middleton about the conditions of the lease ; and a little later I find Keswyk, North, and other College people, riding to Hamble with Middleton's lease, and stopping at Southampton on the way for the purpose of getting the mayor's seal affixed, for which they paid a fee of as.* This causeway may be of public utili^, but it is a damnosa hereditas to the College. It was ruined by a flood in 1741, and the cost of repairing it fell on the College : —

£ s. d.

John Abbot, of Eling, rebuilding the bridge . • 96 o o

Two wings to it facing the sea, i. e. rising tide . . 880

Work at the tumbling bay and main hatches . • a a o

Kent, 145 tons of stone 14 10 o

Felling, sawing, and carting timber allowed out of the

College woods 11 14 o

Blacksmith's bill 6 18 o

Hire of lighter twelve days i 16 o

Bricks, lime, and labour to mill-house . • . • 16 o o

Only fifteen years later another flood necessitated the fol- lowing outlay :

New bridge 99 o 10

Repairing causeway 19 14 10

Felling and carting timber 398

£^ 5 4

^ This seems to have been a favourite work. Thurbem gave a copy to the Society on the eve of his death. He had bought it of Pye, of Pye Corner, the King's Stationer. The College paid Pye^s bill after Thurbem*s death, and de- ducted the amount from the arrears of stipend which they owed his estate.

' Middleton being a Southampton man probably insisted on this guarantee of

Warden Thurbern, 187

And one stormy night, in January 1887, a sudden flood carried away part of the causeway, doing damage to the extent of £ 140a

In 1422 I find an item of 6d. spent on green candles {in canddis viridibus, rush lights ?) for the eve of St. John Biqptist's, or Midsummer Day^ Similar entries occur down to the time of the Reformation. The practice of lighting candle-ends in niches cut in Meads' wall, which is indulged in by the Scholars on the eve of the summer holidays, may be traceable to this ancient practice.

It is noticeable that women were frequently guests in the Collie Hall while Thurbern was warden. For instance, on a certain Thursday in the year 1420 the party at the fellows* table included Thomas Garnesye and his wife, Henry Russel's wife^ W. Kenne's wife and her maid, the wives of John Lussyng and Sir Nicholas Clyvedon, and two laundresses (both married women). A conjuror (quidam joculator) and Thomas Deverose the 'litigious tailor' mentioned in Chapter II) dined with the servants on the same day. On a Tuesday four months later a nurse named Margery Dale who had been engaged to sit up all night with a Fellow named Crymok, who was dangerously ill, had her dinner and supper with the servants. The names of the guests at breakfast at the High Table on June 4, 1420, are mentioned below. One of them was the wife of a parish clergyman, who would scarcely have been of the party, although her husband was an Uvedale, if the wives of parish clei^ymen had not been generally received in society at this period : —

* In jantado fact. Joh. Uvedale, vicario de Hampton ', uxori eiusdem, Ric. WaUop, Will. Harryes, et allis cum suis famulis quarto die Junii XX* ... In cenS fact^ Joh. Lysle armig. et uxori Chamberlyn, et aliis venient. ciun iisdem vij die Augusti iij". ij^.'

Nor was the Warden individually less gallant than the society over which he presided. On November 6, 1433, he gave a

the lease being properly executed by the College. The same practice prevailed ^Winchester and in other corporate towns in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

^ For an account of various particulars and superstitions relating to lights and fires CD this day, see Hone's Evety Day Book^ p. 523.

' Hampton*on-Thames, then in the gifl of the College. Was he the father of the two Uvedale boys who were in commoners in 1424 ?

1 88

Annals of Winchester College.

dinner in his own hall to the Treasurer of Wolvesey and his wife, John Arnold and his wife, the mothers of three of the scholars, and a number of other people : and the following entry occurs in the computus for 1434 : —

' In ezpensis factis die lune in ebdomS Pentecostes circa matrem abbatis de Hyd§, uxorem Joh. Arnold, Joh. Shapwyk, uxorem eiusdem, et alios prandentes in camera custodis x* vj^.'

The last entry of the kind is one in 1471, recording the fact of the Abbess of Romsey and two of her nuns, a fourth lady, and a prioress dining and supping in Hall on the last Monday in the last quarter of that year.

At the end of their year of office the Bursars of 1423 wrote oflF 235. for losses on light money and variations in the king^s coinage.

Under ' custus stabuli ' in 1424 will be found the following items : —

' Seventeen loads of hay, 69s. 6^. ; four loads of barley-straw to eat with the hay, 85. ; sixty-two quarters of oats, at aoe£, ;£5 3^ 4^ ; horse bread (quantity not mentioned), 6c/.; Robert Ferrour, for fifty- four fore shoes at 2^, sixty-three hind shoes at i^., and eighty removes at \d*y 20s. s^d, ; physic (diversa medicamenta facta et data equis Collegii), 4^/. ; sixteen quarters of beans, 215. 4^/. ; four pairs of " wateryng cheynes," i6d. ; a pair of " stynip letheris,** lod. ; a new headstall, 5^.'

In the same year Richard d'Arcey, the schoolmaster who succeeded Romesye in 1418, having resigned owing to sickness, during which the Society unkindly stopped his stipend, Richard Wallingford, one of the Fellows, was sent to Maidstone to offer the Mastership to Master John Baddeston. Upon Baddeston's refusal of the Mastership, Wallingford rode to Buckingham, in order to see whether Master Thomas Alwyn would accept it. While Alwyn was making up his mind, Richard Crymok, another Fellow, was on his way to Salisbury with a conditional offer of the post to Richard Martyn. Another candidate, Richard Davy, master of the scolae guidiacales at Gloucester, was invited to attend at Winchester, and was allowed 6s. Sd. for his own expenses, and 12^. for his man's. Ultimately Alwyn took the appointment, and remained schoolmaster until Wayne- flete succeeded him in 1429.

IVarden Thurbem. 189

Among the scholars of 1425-30 were William Say, of Aldgate, who became Dean of St. Paul's in 1447, and was Prolocutor of the Synod of London in 1463, and a Privy Councillor : he died Nov. 23, 1468 ; William Whyte of Adderbury, who was burned for a Lollard at Norwich under Henry VI ; William Westbury, who became third Provost of Eton in 1463 ; William Grene, Master of St. Cross Hospital ; and Richard Uvedale of Wickham, a great-grandson, probably, of Wykeham's patron, who died in 1431 of an epidemic which carried off seventeen scholars.

In 1431 Richard Wallop the steward of the manors found his health failing and resigned, returning his fee of 1005. Francis Haydok succeeded him. The rest of the legal array in. that year were Robert Colpays, attorney in the King's Bench, with a retainer of 105. ; Thomas Worff, attorney in the Exchequer, ds. 8rf.; William Chamberleyn, standing counsel, 135. 4^. ; Robert Heete, notary, 65. 8rf. The notary's chief business was to attest the yearly indenture of scholars ad Winton and ad Oxon.

The receipts of 1432 include a sum of 60s. from John Mareys, Vicar of Andover, ^de firmd altaris ibidetn.' He farmed the oblations of the altar in the parish church of Andover, and this sum of 60s. was the rent which he paid to the College.

Servants* wages in 1431 : —

'John Langeponfhook'keeper(ciericusc(}mpufi),4os.; JohnGodewyn, warden's clerk, aos. ; Richard Baret, warden's valet, 135. 4^. ; Walter Husee, manciple (dispensator vicfuaiium), 26s, 8d. ; John Wygmore, brewer and baker, 26s. 8d ; Richard Bole, porter and barber, 265. 8d. ; Thomas Caleys {garcio panetriae et boieliariae), 13s. ^d. ; John Petyt, {garcio ptsirini et brasini) (two quarters and four weeks only), 7s. si ; John Baret, gardener and pigman, sos. ; Lewis (garcio s^abuit), 13s. 4d. ; Janyn (garcio coquinae)^ 13s. ^, ; John Curtays (pagettus coqiUnae), 6s, 8d, ; laundress, 405.^'

Cushis brasini in the same year records that the furnace I under one of the coppers in the brewhouse was renewed. The name of one of the workmen employed being John PoUiwegge, shows that ' poUiwog * for tadpole is not an Americanism, but an old English word. Expenses of John Park the junior fellow

^ High wages, comparatively; but she had to find washing materials, and had no commons.

190 Annals of Winchester College.

riding to Oxford with Lewis the stable-boy in October sSler a new usher, 35. 41/. ; wine to Sir Thomas Wykeham, Knt^ in Warden's hall on July 29, 13s. 8rf.'

"he eastern wall of cloisters gave way, and had to be rebuilt 431. Beech piles were driven in the foundation, and thir^- loads of ' burres ' at $d. per load were used in the footing of wall. Staples (gomphi) and hinges (vertemelli) for the door he wall {King Henry's door) cost 4*/. And John Sherborne, son, was at worlc three weeks, making good defects in the -al staircase of Outer Gate, and stopping cracks in the nneys of the porter's Lodge and Fourth Chamber, an ision which proves that the chimneys in the scholars' mbers are part of the Founder's design, and were not added irwards.

ohn Bedell was a scholar of the year 1440. He was a ive of Meonstoke, probably the son of John Bedell the liff of the College manor there. He missed New College, I we hear no more of him till 1457. In that year a fleet ships from LQbeck appeared off Calais. The Earl of irwick, who commanded there, attacked them and was ulsed. The cry of invasion ensued, and Bedell with a par^ men-at-arms was sent down to Southampton to aid in the ence of that town.

In ezpensis Robtl Vyport (a feUow) equitant. ad Hamyll pro veris loribus habendis utrum amid an inimici sint ; et in exp. Joh. lell cimi aliis armotia missis Hampton in subsidium dicte viUe, d dictum erat quod Francigenae cum magnfi classe venissent ad liandam dictam villam, ziiiJ'^V

3edell became dispensator or manciple in 1462, and held t place of trust until 1491. He was mayor of Winchester in )6, and died in 1498. There is a brass to his memory in nt of the altar in the College Chapel, representing him in the

Possibly when the Warden was negiotiaUng the purcbue at the Romsc; perty. ^ _

There had been a similar scare in 1415 :— In eipenals dm WiUmi Hayne Fellenv) Wglteri Harley, Mn WiUmi Grover (another Fellow, just admitted) lianim de Collegio equitanl et peditanL ad Hamele in le Rys et ibidem exis- „ per iij dies pro defensione patriae contra inimicos dm Regis et regni sui et js patrie, uni cum expens. Willmi Walyngford (a Fellow) et alionim linum secum peditantium ad HamcIe pro simili causil alia vice et ultra ex- I. bet. et solut. per Robertum Tichfeld, finnario ibidem, i* a." ob.'

Warden Thurbem. 191

citizen's dress of the time. His obit was kept with Thomas Ashebome's (a Fellow) on January 9, and differed from other obits in there being provision for faggots in hall, and the pittance being limited to the scholars. He bequeathed to the College £ao pro libro dispensatoris, as a fund to be drawn upon whenever the dearth of provisions rendered it necessary. His example in this respect was followed by White, afterwards Warden, Russell, afterwards Bishop of Lincoln, and other Wykehamists, who subscribed £79 135. 4^. with this laudable object

About the same time a little friction arose between the College and the citizens of Winchester, in this wise. A purveyor had seized a quantity of oats, probably for the service of the army in France, and had given to the owner a tally or order for £29 165. ^,, the value of the oats, upon the bailifis of the City, who were in arrear with the fee farm rent by which the City was held of the Crown. The tally was endorsed to the College, and Thurbern had to issue a writ against the bailiffs, Thomas Silvester and Richard Bowland, which brought about a settlement. The affair left no ill-feeling behind it ; for in 1448 Richard Bowland in the capacity of mayor for that year was a guest in the Warden's hall. The party included the Provost of St. Elizabeth's College and the wife of the Treasurer of Wolvesey, and must have been a numerous one, for the bread and beer alone cost 14s. 4rf. The other viands were provided at Thurbern's expense, so that the cost of them does not appear in the computus roll. The names of Richard Bowland and his predecessor, Stephen Ede, do not appear in the Guildhall list of mayors of Winchester, a fact which bears out Dr. M liner's strictures on the accuracy of that list. Stephen Ede bequeathed 405. to the fabric of the Chapel, and had an obit jointly with his son, a scholar of the year 1443.

The price of a ' bayard ' or bay horse purchased in 1440 was 40s., the seller taking an old bay horse at 65. 8^. as part of the price. Two horses bought at Amesbury in 1430 — a gray ^d a bay — cost 535. 4^, and 33s. 3^. respectively. A black lorse bought of the Rector of Newton Tony in the same year :ost 405. ' In ij equis empt. apud Amysbury in festo St. Joh. inte Port Lat. j gray precio liij». iiij<*. et alt. baye precio uxiij». iijd. in j alio equo nigro empt. per Willm. Smyth de

i9» Annals of IVinchester College.

Lecforde de Rectore de Newton Tony xls. .... in exp. T. Baylemonde equitantis ad Amysbury ad nundinas ibid, in festo SS. Joh.^ ante Port Lat. pro equis providend. et emend. xv«.*

Henry VI paid the first of his visits to the College in the summer of 1440, with the object of studying the working of Wykeham's foundation previously to founding his own two royal colleges. A full account of most of his visits is preserved in the Vetus Registrum.

* Primus adventus serenissimi Principis H. VI fuit penultimo die mensis Julii videlicet die Sabbati, anno eiusdem dm regis xix™^ quo die interfuit primis vesperis et in crastino misse et secundis vesperis, et obtulit xiij» iiij*.'

His next visit was in 144a : —

' Item in festo S. Cecilie Virginis (Nov. 22) idem christianissimus rex Henricus VI. interfuit in hoc CoUegio utrisque vesperis atque misse, in quS praeter oblationem suam cotidianam obtulit c nobilia ad omamentum summi altaris ibidem, contulitque notabilem auri summam scolaribus et choristis in eodem, viz. vi^^ xiij" iiij^. Qui insuper ex abundantly affluentissime gracie sue privilegia, libertates, et franchesias eiusdem CoUegii confirmavit et ampliavit; quare dignum est ut eius in eodem perennis memoria jugiter habeatur. £t obtulit xiij" iiij*.*

He came again twice in 1445, just before the complete body of Statutes for Eton College was published.

ntem idem christianissimus rex anno regni eiusdem regis xxiiij interfuit die dominicll,j videlicet in festa S. Cuthberti ' (Sept. 4) * in hoc Collegio utrisque vesperis atque misse ; quo die ex gracid suS dedit Coll. optimam robam suam unS exceptH (his second-best robe) furratam cum fumirS de Sables ad Dei laudem et honorem Be. Virginis ; et obtulit xiij* iiij*.'

He visited the College again on May 2, 1445, with his bride, Margaret of Anjou, ten days after their marriage. Wine, and beer for their suite, cost as. 4^. The 'rumours' which John Say brought from foreign parts some months previously no doubt related to the treaty for this marriage and the prospect of a truce with France : —

'In dat Job. Say, valett. camere Dili Regis venient. xviij die Junii cum rumoribus a partibus transmarinis, vj» viij*.'

Warden Thurbem, ^93

He came again in November the same year, and was enter- tained with a recital on the organ by a clerk from the convent of St. Swithun : —

^ In expensis circa famulos Dni Regis venient. ad Coll. xxj et xxij diebus Nov. v«. Dat. Rob. Derby clerico Prioris S. Swithuni ludent. in organis in choro in presentiS Dnl Regis diebus supradict. ij» iiij<*. In iz lagenis et dim. vin. rub. empt. erga advent. Dnl Regis iiij" iiij*. Dat. Blakeney clerico Secretarii Dni Regis pro scripturfi in missali summi altaris Coll. memoranda sive notam de largissimis donatis et beneiiciis per DnA Regem Coll. factis et ostensis diebus p'dictis et aliis diebus p'cedentibus, xx^.'

He came again on St. John of Beverley's Day (May 7, 1446) and gave £6 135. 4c/. to the scholars and choristers, as he had done in 1442.

Two years afterwards he sent to the College for information about the subsoil of the site, and had samples of the earth sent to him, for guidance, apparently, in drawing up the specifica- tion known as the ' King's will,' respecting the building of Eton College : —

* In dat. Joh. Hayne Valett. Camere Dm Regis miss, ad Coll. per Dnm regem pro noticiisterrae fundament! Coll. habendis xvj<*. Sol. V laborant. et fodient. pro terra ejusdem fundamenti mittenda Dno Regi iij« viij^. Et dat clerico M'* Joh. Cranbome pro scriptura j littere miss, ad Diim Regem de e^dem noticiS fundamenti habenda

His next visit was on the occasion of the enthronization of Wayneflete : —

'Item idem illustrissimus princeps anno regni eiusdem regis xxvii in fest. S. Wulstani Episcopi (Jan. 19) interfuit in hoc CoUegio Qtrisque vesperis die dominicS sed non Misse, quia exhibuit pre- senciam suam in ecclesia S. Swithuni in missS propter introniza- tionem reverendi patris et domini Dni Willelmi Wayneflete Episcopi Wynton. nuper magistri informatoris scolarium huius CoUegii. In crastino vero in die lune in festo SS. Fabiani et Sebastiani (Jan. 20) idem metuendissimus dominus interfuit alte misse predictorum Sanctorum in hoc Collegio quo die dedit huic Coll. unum Calicem de auro et x libras in auro pro uno pari fiolarum (cruets) ordinan- danim de eodem auro ^ ; et ultra ex sua magna gracisl dedit vij" iiij<^. pro unsl pietancia habenda inter socios et scolares in festo B. Marie eztunc proxime sequenti ; et obtulit xiij* iiij*,'

^ Thomas Fawkes rode to London to order these cruets and again to fetch them, at an expense for both journeys of 35. ^\d,

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94 Annals of IVinchester College.

In the summer of the same year {1449) Henry VI. resided at Volvesey while Parliament was sitting at Winchester (June 16 -July 16), and visited the College six times. A private en- rance was made for his use by throwing a bridge over the Varden's stream, so that the King came from Wolvesey down lie lane leading to St. Elizabeth's College on the east side of le Warden's stream, and crossing it by this bridge, entered le College by way of the cloisters, and so reached the chapel rithout passing through Chamber Court.

On St. Thomas a Becket's Day (July 7) Wayneflete officiated t matins and vespers, and Archbishop Stratford celebrated igh mass, assisted by the Bishops of Winchester, Salisbury, nd Chichester. The King was present at all three services, "he Election was put off, at the King's wish, in consequence of 'arliament sitting at Winchester —

' In eipensis Dni Fawkes equitant. ad Coll. Ozon. pro alio die leccionis limitando per Dntli custodem ibidem ex mandato Dnl Legis existentis Wynton. tempore Parliamenti, xvj*.'

Next day U"ly S) '^^ courtiers dined in Hall, and drank, or ad the chance of drinking, a pipe of Gascony wine : — ' Sol. pro una pipa vin. rub. empt. pro Job. Fawkes clerico Par- amenti et aliis de societate dm regis prandentibus io aula viij die ulii tempore Parliamenti — viij'.'

On July 16 Parliament was prorogued. The King attended igh mass on that day, and made an offering of 6s. Qd. Also he ave a tabernacle of gold, adorned with precious stones and ith the images of the Holy Trinity and Virgin Mary in crys- J, to the High Altar, and a pair of bowls of silver-gilt, with le arms of England and France inside, and the following irses engraved round their circumference. Dr. Chandler, the assical antiquary (adm. 1753), restored the true reading of these ;rses. It is almost needless to add that the bowls are no inger in existence : —

'Principis Henrici dedit aurum gracia aeiti.

En formata suo munere vasa duo. C junctis mille quater, X tot, V, I quatcr, ille

Annus erit domini' : X bis, ter II, I", Lux fuit undena tunc dupla Novembria plena.'

Warden Thurbem,

195

These bowls weighed 9 lbs. 8} oz. troy, and cost, including 6qs. for making, £29 35. 9^.

The last visit of the King occurred in the spring of 1452 : —

'Dat famulo de Say venient. ad Coll. ad monendum custodexii (Chandler) de adventu dni regis erga dominicam in ramis palmarum (Palm Sunday) xx* ... Et in exp. Fyscher equitant ad Suthwyk * et Portesmuth pro piscibus habendis et emendis pro dno rege xij<^. £t in exp. fact, circa diversos generosos de familia dnI regis venientes ad Coll. dominica in ramis palmarum, ut in pane, cerevisia et aliis victualibus x* viij<*,'

John Russel (adm. 1443) was born in the parish of St Peter Cheeshill, Winchester. He rose to be bishop of Rochester in 1476. Edward IV translated him to Lincoln, and Richard III made him Keeper of the Great Seal. The office of Chancellor of the University of Oxford, annual before, was first conferred on him for life in 1483. He died at Nettleham, January 30, 1490-1, and is buried in a chantry in Lincoln Cathedral. He bequeathed £40 to the College. Thomas Janyn (adm. 1449) became Dean of St Paul's and then Bishop of Norwich (1499- 1500). Alwyn the schoolmaster retired in 1444. William Ive, a graduate of Oxford, but not a Wykehamist, at any rate not a scholar, succeeded him at Midsummer^.

A mortuary was a customary gift to the parson of the parish on the death of any person. It was, generally speaking, his best chattel, unless the lord claimed it for a heriot, in which case the parson got the second-best chattel. In the parish of An- doverthe mortuaries belonged to the College as lay-rectors, and were farmed by the Vicar in the fifteenth century. In the year 1444 a reference to the subject occurs in the computus, owing to the College purchasing, at the price of 55., a horse belonging to a stranger who died at one of the inns in the town, which the Vicar's bailiff had seized for the mortuary. A generation later a dispute arose between the College and sundry men of Andover who had lost their wives — 'Contra diversos de Andever subtrahentes mortuaria uxorura suarum — and refused to pay

' Southwick Priory, where there were fishponds.

* ' SoL Joh. Maydeman equitant. ad Oxon. pro magistro informatore provi- dcnd. ibidem viij dies, viij<*. Et in dato M"» W. Ive, informatori p'dicto, et W. Sdby venienti cum eodem ex curialitate pro eorum expensis, cum zix<^ sol. pro expensis eorundem apud hospicium angulare in Kyngate St (now the Wjrkeham Arms), ix* ix<*.'

02

ig6 Annals of Winchester College,

mortuaries. Inasmuch as everything of the wife's, even her wearing apparel, belonged in law to her husband at this period of our history, it may be almost taken for granted that the re- calcitrants won the day, on the ground that their wives left no property which could be the subject of a mortuary. It was not, however, till the year 151 1 that the abuse of mortuaries was regulated by law, Stat. 2 Henry VIII. c 6, which enacts that no parson or other spiritual person, or the bailiff of such, shall take of any person more for a mortuary than is limited in the Act ; and that no mortuary shall be demanded for any woman being covert baron (married), nor child, nor for any person keeping no house.

The payment of mortuaries was enforced by excommunica- tion, and not by distress. In the year 1294 an obstinate parish- ioner, Isabel de Foxcote, refused to pay the mortuary due on the death of her husband, Henry de Foxcote. The Prior of Andover, to whom the mortuary was due in the capacity of rector of the parish church, sued her in the Consistory Court of Winchester, but the judgment of that court had no terrors for her; and he then directed a writ to the Dean of Andover and the Rector of Faccombe, a neighbouring parish, enjoining them, after due monition, to excommunicate Isabel de Foxcote. I subjoin their return to the writ, by which it appears that she was excommunicated ; but whether this brought her to her senses I have no means of ascertaining : —

* Reverende discreccionis viro dno officiario Wynton, et eius com- missario decanus de Andever et rector ecclesie de Faccombe salutem cum omni obedienciS reverenciS et honore. Mandatum vestrum recepimus in hec verba : ** Officiarius Wynton. discretis viris decano de Andever, rectori ecclesie de Faccombe, et eonim alteri, salutem in Domino. Cum in causi aliquamdiu in consistorio Wynton. agitata inter Priorem de Andever Rectorem ecclesie loci eiusdem ex parte una et Isabellam de Foxcote relictam et executricem Henrici de Foxcote ream ex (parte) altera, per quod sacristam ecclesie Sti Swithuni Wynton. comissiarium nostrum specialem in hac parte invenimus rixh et legitime sentenciatum exstitisse, attendentesque quod frustr^ fertur sentencia que debite executioni non demandatur. Hinc est quod vobis mandamus quatenus canonica monitione pre- cedente dictam Isabellam ad prestationem mortuarii dicto rectori faciendam sine more dispendio, prout rit^ et legitime condempnatur per interdicti suspensionis et excomunlcationis sententias de die

Warden Thurbum. 197

in diem coznpellatur public^ et solempniter locis omnibus quibus per, dictum rectorem fuerit legitime requlsita, et alter vestrum compellat. Testificantes nos per vestras litteras patentes harum speciem con- tinentes congru^ requisitos. Dat. Wynton. ij idus Julii Anno Domini MCC nonagesimo quarto." Huius scilicet auctoritate mandati dictam Isabellam adivimus eamque legitime monuimus, et quod monitionibus nostris parere contempsit, et dicto rectori de mortuario non satisfecit, eandem ab ingressu ecclesiae suspendimus, et public^ et solemp- niter excomunicavimus, et sic mandatum vestrum diligenter sumus ezecuti. In cuius rei testimonium sigillum decanatds debitum un& cum sigillo rectoris ecclesie de Faccombe presentibus est appositum. Dat apud Andever die Sabbati proximo post Festum Ste Marie Magdalene anno Domini supradicto.'

CHAPTER XII.

Wayneflete.

His schooling. — Headmaster of Winchester, then of Eton. — ^The Amicabilis Concordia. — Barton Oratory. — Wayneflete Bishop of Winchester. — His visits to the College. — Grant of water from Segryme's weU. — Hugh Sugar's conduit.

Chandler says that Wayneflete was educated at New College*, and it is an article of faith with Wykehamists that he was like- wise at Winchester. If so, he was a day boy, for his name does not appear in the Register of Scholars, or among the names of the Commensals in the book of the Seneschal of Hall. Like Wykeham, he carried the register of his birthplace, Wainfleet in Lincolnshire, in his surname. He was the eldest son of Richard Patten, alias Barbour, an esquire of that county. Two Barbours, William (adm. 1427) and Nicholas (adm. 1428) were in College under him ; and there was a William Barbour, possibly the one just mentioned, who conveyed lands in the north and west common fields of Basingstoke to the College in 1450. But there is no evidence that these men were of kin to Wayneflete. He succeeded Alwyn as schoolmaster in 1429. After thirteen years Henry VI made him schoolmaster, and then provost of Eton College, the ' Kynge's College of oure Ladye of Eton beside Wyndesore,' which he had just founded in connection with King's College, Cambridge '. The vacancy at Winchester caused by Wayneflete's removal to Eton was filled by Alwyn, who was persuaded to quit his parsonage at

* Life of IVaypufUUf p. 7.

' The Charter is dated 11 October, 1440.

A

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Wayneflete. 199

Leighton Buzzard', and take a second plunge into the eddy of active life alluded to by Christopher Jonson*.

There is a tradition that Wayneflete took with him to Eton five Fellows and thirty-five scholars from Winchester ; exactly half the establishment ^ I have been unable to find the gaps in the Register which such a migration would make. Only six scholars are recorded in the margin of the Register to have quitted Winchester for Eton *. It is possible that the number of thirty-five may have been made up from the ranks of the com- moners and day boys, but no evidence exists as to this. Nor is it recorded of any Fellow of Winchester College that he quitted it for Eton. Two old scholars, Foster (adm. 1434) and Merer (adm. 1441) exchanged fellowships of New College for fellowships of Eton College. Three of the Eton headmasters, Clement Smith, William Horeman, and Thomas Erlisman, became headmasters of Winchester, but no headmaster of Winchester has been promoted to the corresponding office at Eton.

That the two Colleges considered themselves closely related to each other in the early days of the existence of King Henry's foundation is proved by the Anticabilis Concordia, or deed of mutual alliance, which was drawn up in the year 1464, the con- tracting parties being Nicholas Osulbery, Warden of New College ; Robert Thurbern, Warden of Winchester College ; William Millington, Provost of King's College ; and William Wayneflete, Provost of Eton. A precedent for such a treaty will be found in the ' Eirenicon ' of Trinity Hall and Corpus Christ! College, Cambridge, in 1353". The parties declare that

* Although the foundations over which they respectively preside are situate in different localities, yet they have one and the same

' ' In exp. Ric Boureman (one of the FeUows) et Ludovici equitancium ad L3^on Biyssard in com. Bedeforde ad loquendum cum M>^ Thoma Alwyn et intimandum eidem consensum custodis et sociorum pro informatore scolarium ColL in festo Michaelis proximo futuro, et de voluntate su& habend. in e&dem materiii ; in eundo et redeundo per v. dies v* vij<^.'

' < Ergo resorberia tarn dira, Alwiiie, Charybdi,

Nee poteras fracto liber abire jugo.'

' Adams, IVykthamica, p. 66.

* Their names are : Langeporte (adm. 1435) ; Dommetge (adm. 1435) ; Cove [adm. 1436); Payn and Mustard ;adm. 1438; ; and Roche i^adm. 1439.

* Strypc, Lt/e of Atchbisiiop Patker^ iv. 7.

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Annals of Winchester College.

object in view, and pursue it by the same means. It is therefore for the honour and advantage of both that they should support and defend each other in all causes, as well ecclesiastical as civil, in which either of them may be threatened *.'

Wa3meflete was able, even before his promotion to Eton, to add his own name to the long list of benefactors of Winchester College. Through his interest with Cardinal Beaufort he was able to acquire for the College the possessions of the oratory of the Holy Trinity, at Barton, in the Isle of Wight'. The oratory of Barton, in the parish of Whippingham, was founded in the year 1275 by two parish clergymen, Thomas de Winton, Rector of Godshill, and John de Tlsle, Rector of Shalfleet. Their object seems to have been to found a religious house whose members should be under the control of the Diocesan (who was nominated Visitor), and, as far as possible, indepen- dent of the Pope. The idea took with the people of the island, who endowed the house amply enough ; but after a time it grew corrupt, and in the year 1439, at Wayneflete's suggestion, Thurbern petitioned Cardinal Beaufort, as Visitor, to allow the oratory to be appropriated to the College, on the sole ground that the income of the College had been reduced by the late calamitous fire at Andover, and wanted augmenting. Thurbem's petition is in English : —

* To my Right gracious lord my lord the Cardinal of England.

'Besecheth mekely yowre poevere and humble Chapellain the Wardein of youre newe College of Winchestre in name of hym self and of the Remenant of youre poevere Chapellains and scoliers of the same. That where as youre moost worshipful faderhood con- sidering hereafore the exilitie of thaire dotacon the falling and dekay of lyflode by empeyring of the World, which euery Day is in Wers caas thenne othre, appred ' unto hem of youre greet goodnesse the Chirche of Andeuer, Which hath bee to hem greet Refresshing, god thanke yow in heuen. Now is it soo that the same chirche that hath be to them soo prouffitable afore this tyme, is att this Day of noo value for fortune of fyr that late hath happed there. Soo that thay cannat Wite how to bringe-the World aboute* for to maintiegne thastat of youre said college Withoute youre gracyoux help and socour, Whom god hath ordenned to Relieue many a man, for yif

^ Adams, Wykthamica^ p. 67.

• Cf. Arthaeologia, Hi, p. 390, where the statutes are piinted.

• I. e. appropriated. * I. e. to make both ends meet.

r

Wayneflete. aoi

the nede that youre saide college hadde for to be encressed of lyfloode for the sustentacon of soo many parsones as bee nourrisshed and brought up thereyn to the worship and service of god with his grace and mercy was greet atte tyme of the saide appriacon the necessite is now miche more, as youre high prudence by that is a bouesaid may wel considere. Hit like yow therfore of youre habundant grace in sustentacon of youre sayd college to grante hem the a{>p'acon of the archpreestshipp of Barton in the He of Wyght which youre Clerk mais6 Waulf Trengof occupieth. To which app*acon, soo hit bee plesyng untoo youre good grace, the same maist? Wault* wol assente. And youre lordship shal hereyn doo a deede of charite and deserve greet thank of god. Hit mighte like also youre noble grace the rath' encline and condescende to the doyng herof seyng that the said Barton though hit bee a spuel thyng hit is nought actually charged with cure of soule.'

The Cardinal readily gave his consent, and the return to the writ ad quod damnum was favourable. Moreover, the arch- priest, a Cornishman named Walter Trengof, had just been made Archdeacon of his native county, and was willing to con- cur in the appropriation, provided a pension for life of twenty marks was secured to him. This was done by a rent-charge on the College manor of Durrington, in Wiltshire. No reference is made to any provision for the brethren. It is quite possible that there had ceased to be any by that time, for the house had become dilapidated, and was probably uninhabitable. Hum- phrey, Duke of Gloucester, as Lord of the Castle of Carisbrooke, gave his sanction to the alienation by letters patent, dated at Caversham, near Reading, Feb. 3rd, 18 Hen. VI, and Cardinal Beaufort confirmed it, but with a stipulation that the Society at Winchester should maintain a priest at their own expense to sing masses in the chapel of the Oratory. This they did until Edward VI relieved them of the obligation. He also insisted that the Society should pay one mark yearly to the Convent of St. Swithun 'pro indempnitate ecclesie sue propter appropri- acionem archipresb3rterii,' as an indemnity against the conse- quences, if any, of confirming the alienation, and should deliver ^ne pound of wax yearly to the Warden of St. Mary's altar ti the Cathedral church, and enrol Trengofs name in the list »f benefactors whom they commemorated. Thus fell the Oratory of Barton, after an existence of nearly two centuries. It is likely that it had lasted long enough, in everybody's

aoa Annals of Winchester College.

opinion, or it would not have fallen so easily — ^yet one cannot help regarding it as a remarkable fact that, at that period of our history, so many high authorities should have concurred in suppressing a religious house for no other reason than that an educational body wanted its possessions.

The Society approached the book-loving monarch with a suitable present ^ when they applied to him for leave to appro- priate the possessions of the Oratory.

Six years afterwards, Wayneflete and others whom Trengof had enfeoffed transferred the manor of Barton and other pos- sessions of the Oratory to the College, pursuant to a license in mortmain. The manor of Barton became an important con- tributory to the revenue of the Society after Trengof s death, which happened February 27, 1445-6. The demesne of Barton with its beautiful wood, facing Spithead, was purchased under the powers of a private Act of Parliament by the late Prince Consort, and forms part of Her Majesty's Osborne estate.

The following entry in the computus of the year 1443 ap- parently refers to an effort on the part of the Society to make Wayneflete instrumental in obtaining other property : —

* Pro uno jantaclo (a breakfast) fact. M~ W. Wanflet p'posito de Eton, M'o W. Say * et aliis pro amicitiis suis habendis pro scriptura bille porrigende Dno Regi pro amplioribus possessionibus Coll. adquirend. ad valorem c marcarum ... in exp. fact, circ^ mag. W. Wanflet mag. Estcort ' et alios prudentes cenantes in Coll. xxviij die Nov. : iiij" iiij<*. Distributio inter servientes mag. W. Wanflet : iij" iiij**. Sol. pro vino eodem die et diversis noctibus pro eodem hospitato infra Coll. : xiv* iij<*.'

It appears by the undermentioned entry in the computus of the year 1449 that the Society at that time entertained hopes of acquiring the possessions of the dissolved priories of Sele in Sussex, and Sherborne St. John in Hampshire : —

' In exp. Edvardi Tacton et Ric. Baret equitant. in Southsex ad inquirendum de vero valore priorattis de Sele juxta Shoreham et de patronatu eiusdem, iiij* iiij<* ; et Mag. Joh Parke et Thome Fawkes equitant. Londin. xix die Julii pro billa corripiendsi et Dno Regi

^ < In g voluminibus (prima pars et secunda) Redactorii Moraliiim Bercavii monachi empt. de custode, dat. et presentat. DnO Reg^ pro licencia su& con- cessit Collegio pro amplionbus possessionibus ad valorem c marcarum.'

* AhU^ pp. 189, 195. '• Warden N. C. 1429 35.

WaynefleU. ^03

porrigendd ad appropriaGionem prioratOs de Shyrbome Seynt John alijis vocat Shyrbome Monachorunii vij* j<^.'

These hopes were frustrated. The Priory of Sele was ac- quired by W3nieflete, but he annexed it to Magdalen College : the Priory of Sherborne St. John, or Monk Sherborne, was annexed to St. Julian's, Southampton, and, on the dissolution of that house, fell to the share of Queen's College, Oxford.

In the summer of the year 1443, Thurbem visited Eton College with the object, I am sorry to say, of getting out of the payment of Trengofs pension ('de exoneracione pensionis sol- vende M^^Trengof), which the Society were impatient of, though it had not existed more than four years. Thurbern took with him six ells of black kerseymere as a present to the Provost * ; and distributed 65. &/. among the Eton boys. The attempt to get rid of Trengofs pension failed. A few months later, in February, 1443-4, the Society presented Wayneflete with a cask of bastard ^ the price of which was 135. 4i/., and two years later, on receiving news of Trengofs death (which was duly proved by a certificate under the seal of the oflSciary of the diocese of Exeter) they gave a dinner in the College Hall, at which Wayneflete was present : — ' Dat. eidem pro beneficiis suis ostensis CoUegio xs. ; Distribut. inter famulos eiusdem cxij*.' The reason why so large a sum was distributed among Wa3meflete's attendants baffles conjecture. Cardinal Beaufort's death was not unex- pected: and on April 14, 1447, only three days after it happened, the Chapter of Winchester elected Wayneflete to succeed him. The Society invited a large party to meet the Bishop elect at dinner in May : —

'In exp. M** W. Wanflet, electum Wynton., M'* W. Say, tres alios generosos de familid DnI Regis, vicecustodem Oxon., Radulph. Lye, Blackburn precentorem de Cicestr., Berton precentorem de Coll. Regal. Cantab., Digleys, Crosby, et alios generosos venientes ad Collegium mense Maio ad varias refecciones, xxxj* ij<^.'

The Consecration took place in the chapel of Eton College on the 13th of July following. Thurbem and some other members

* * In yj ulnis de nigro kersey empt. et dat. M'® W. Wanflet ad xviij<> per ulnam, plus in toto ij*-ix* ij«*.'

• * Your brown bastard is your only drink,' Shaksptare, i King Hen. IV, Act ii, Sc4.

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Annals oj Winchester College.

of the Society attended it, and made a present of a saddle horse to the new bishop. The Eton boys were not forgotten on this occasion : —

*In uno equo dat. Epo W3naton erga diem consecracionis sue, yj* xiij" iiij<i. . . . Et in exp. dni custodis, Joh. Parke, et alionim equitant. ad Eton, ad consecracionem M'^ W. Wanflet in Epum Wynton. in mense Julii, xiij" v^. . . . dat. pueris Etonae eodem tempore xiii« iiij*^.'

Wayneflete was not installed until January 19, 1447-8. The Archbishop of Canterbury (Stafford) visited the Diocese of Win- chester during the interregnum. His delegates, Richard Rose, Bishop of Rochester, and Dr. Langbere. made Hyde Abbey their headquarters, and visited the College May 2, 1447.

King Henry VI was present at the installation of Wayneflete, and perhaps dined at the dinner which the Bishop gave after- wards, according to ancient custom*. It will be seen in

* This appears by the instructions for the installation of a Bishop of Winches- ter, contained in the Register of Adam de Orlton (Bishop 1333-45), which are curious enough to be worth quoting here : —

* The Archdeacon of Canterburyy«r^ dignitatis suae has the duty of enthroning bishops of the province of Canterbury. He must be invited to do this by a letter from the bishop who is to be installed. The archdeacon or his deputy is to wait on the bishop on the day before, and the bishop's marshal is to conduct him and his suite to the cathedral city and assign them lodgings there, with provender for ten men's horses, bread, wine, beer and other provisions suitable to the day {proui dieta diei exposcit) and fuel if it be winter ; also six dozen wax candles. On the morrow, the archdeacon and his suite are to meet the bishop and escort him to the city. On his arrival there, as the bishop dismounts, one of the archdeacon's gentlemen is to seize the bishop's horse, which becomes the archdeacon's perquisite, and to lead it away to the archdeacon's lodgings. The archdeacon is to show the bishop the way to a church or building near the Cathedral There the bishop is to put off his shoes, and after making his secret prayer he is to enter the vestry. His cope, hood, cap (Jbiretius^, and gloves are to be taken off there, and become the archdeacon's perquisites, together with his travelling hat {capellum) and boots. The bishop is then to be vested, and the archdeacon is to lead him to the throne or chair in which he is to be enthroned, and to say, " By the authority of Christ's Church of Canterbury I induct and enthrone thee. Lord Adam, duly elected, confirmed, and conse- crated, in the bishoprick of this church, with all and singular the rights and appurtenances thereof. And the Lord preserve thy coming in and going out from this time forth for evermore." He is then to seat the bishop in the chair, and the precentor begins Te Deum Laudamus. This sung, the bishop is to make ready to celebrate high mass. After the celebration [post secrttum Ulius ntisse) the bishop's marshal is to assign to the archdeacon a table on the right hand of the hall in which the bishop is going to give the dinner. At the

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Waynejlete. 205

the following entries that the Society provided some of the victuals for the dinner, and kept open house during the installa- tion —

*In dat. dno Epo Wynton. tempore installacionis sue xix die Januarii x agnell. xj duoden. caponum et x cople cuniculorum viij'. yj^. Et in dat. dno regi tempore eiusdem installacionis xj edos (kids) xj pheasaunt. xj " pterychis '* * et xvij pullos, ix» vij*. . . In jantaclo dat p'positis Coll. Eton, et Cantabrig., J oh. Say, Haydok (the Steward of the manors) et aliis venient. cum eis de Coll. Eton, et Cantabrig. prandent. in aula custodis cum exp. fact, circa dnm Epum Bathon. et Wellen. et M™* Say pemoctant. et expectant, per iij dies et noctes in Coll., et alios venient. cum eis, in frumento, brasio, et aliis victualibus et focalibus pro cameris eorundem, et per ezpens. fact, circa diversos generosos de domo regis, scilicet Ovedale (sk\ Worbelyngton, jantacl. in Coll. eodem tempore : iiij^ o" xiiij^.*

It does not appear that Wa3nieflete was a guest at the College table after his friend Thurbem's death in the autumn of 1450. Probably his duties as Chancellor, and the work he had under- taken of founding Magdalen College and completing the buildings at Eton, sufficiently accounted for his spare time. His last official visitation of the College — on April 24, 1480 — was performed by proxy, Howard, Chancellor of the Diocese, Doctors Mayhew, Gyfford, Underwode, and ClyfTe, and Masters Evyn, Horden, Davy the Diocesan Registrar, and others unnamed taking part in the function, and accepting refresh- ments in Hall before and after it. The proctors'* fees on this occasion amounted to 665. &/.

Wayneflete never ceased to take an interest in the College. His grant in the year 1483 of the right to bring water to the College from Segryme's well, a spring at the foot of St. Giles* Hill, was a boon of which the importance cannot be exaggera- ted. Until then the College drew its supply of water from a

dose of the dinner the bishop is to drink to the archdeacon, and the cup is to be the archdeacon's perquisite. On the morrow, after mass sung by the bishop in his private chapel, the archdeacon is to take leave, and shall receive for his expenses ten marks from the bishop. If the bishop's groom likes to give a cloth, surcingle, and bridle with the horse which belonged to the bishop, the arch- deacon shall give in return a5. or more.'

^ Partridges. I should like to translate this word 'turke3rs,' which it so nearly resembles in sound. But the received opinion is that turkeys were not introduced until the year 1523.

* * Procreatorea ' the writer of the roll ignorantly or flippantly calls them.

X

1

2o6 Annals of Winchester College.

well in the kitchen. This well, sunk in a porous soil, not twenty yards from the Lockbum, may have been the cause of some of the many deaths which happened in College while Wayneflete was schoolmaster. Four scholars died in the year 1429, seventeen in the year 1430, four in the year 1431, and eight in the year 1434. The fellows too suffered ; and in the accounts of the year 1434 I find a reference to a visit by two friends of the Society, probably medical men, who came to see whether the sanitary condition of the place could be improved. They were wise enough to put up at an inn in the town, instead of sleeping within the College walls.

* In exp. M" Henrici Barbour et Hergreve * venient. ad Coll. causft recreandi socios tempore pestilencie ex curialitate, et in exp. fact in hospicio eorundem infra civitatem Wynton. yj« yj*.'

The months of June, July, and August, 1472, cover another sickly period. Eight deaths of scholars are noted in the margin of the Register as having occurred in the course of this year and the next.

One cannot help inferring that Wa3nieflete*s sagacity at- tributed the sickness to the bad water, and resolved to deal with it. The licencia de Aqueductu bears date September 5, 1482. It empowers the Warden and Fellows to take water from Segryme's well, and bring it to the College

* By means of two wheels, one of which being turned by the force of the water running in the river may set in motion the other wheel, by the revolution of which the water flowing from the said spring into a certain cistern placed below the wheel may be raised to another cistern above, and be brought thence by leaden pipes or hollowed trunks of trees into the site of the college.'

The water is still delivered at the College by mechanism of this kind — a sort of Persian wheel with buckets on its circumference being employed to lifl the water from the lower cistern to the higher. The water is no longer used for domestic purposes, although an analysis made a few years ago pronounced it to be 'a typical Hampshire chalk water of exceptional purity, some- what less hard than the Company's water.' Its source is

^ Qu. Heniy Barbour, adm. 14x8, and John Herdegreve or Herdgreve, adm. 149a.

Wayneflete. aoy

arched over now, but was open as late as the year 1666, when the Sodety took steps to protect it from contamination. ' Dat. vidue Sharrock peste laboranti et ulceratae ne aqueductum nostrum impuris lotionibus inquinaret, j«.'

It is believed that the machine mentioned above and the conduit were made at the expense of Hugh Sugar (adm. 1428). ' Qui condidit aqueductum ' is written against his name in the Register of scholars. He rose to be Chancellor of Wells, and dying, endowed the College with a capital messuage and curtil- age, twenty acres of arable land and one of meadow, situate in Worthy Mortimer, and four messuages, three curtilages, and twenty acres in Worthy Pauncefote; also a toft with one hundred acres of arable land in Weeke and Fulflode, near Winchester. He likewise gave to the College a tenement adjoining Segryme's mill, as a site for the machine mentioned above.

Dr. Woodward has recorded in the bursars' book for the year 1641 the course which he pursued when the miller at Segrjmie's mill* interrupted the supply of water which made this machine go:—

'Sol. M'<> Singleton (a lawyer) for inquiring of Mr. Phillips of Wolvesey his reason for putting down the hatch at his mill for debarring the college of water, and putting our servants out from opening the flood-gate, los.'

The inquiry did not have the desired effect ; and ultimately the College filed a bill in Changeiy against Mr. Phillips and the miller, praying that they might

'By the order and injunction of that Court be compelled no further to interrupt, but quietly to permit and suffer your orators and their servants to have and take the use and benefit of the water.'

The defendants submitted to this injunction.

Wayneflete died, full of years and honours, in the year i486. There is a tradition that when on his deathbed he offered to double the endowment of New College if that Society would agree to keep his anniversary jointly with Wykeham's ; but their veneration (it is said) for the memory of their Founder was so great that they judged that the complying with the

* Now known as the Wharf mill.

; l^ 308 Annals of Winchester College.

A'

proposal would be derogatory to his honour, and therefore declined the offer \ The story may originate in some question about the date of Wayneflete's anniversary, which he (or more likely somebody else after his death) may have wished to be kept on Wykeham's anniversary. Wayneflete's anniversary was never kept at Winchester College.

* Wilkes, History of Winchester.

J

CHAPTER XIII. Wardens Chaundler and Baker, 1450-87.

State of finances. — Pittleworth's benefactions. — Warden Chaundler. — Baker succeeds him. — His investments. — Barnarde the schoolmaster. — The Chamell. — Bill to restore Andover Priory. — Strike of tenants at Har- mondsworth. — Prosecution of Colmer. — Grocyn. — Bishop Shyrbome's Prebends. — Clement Smyth. — First purchase of firearms. — ^Visit of Edward rV. — ^Archbishop Warham. — ^Thc Falcon at Kingfsclere. — Trumper*s Inn. — Tharbcm's Chantry. — Chapel Tower. — Goddards. — ^The Yongs. — Clergy resignation pensions. — Commons in 148a. — ^The Harpysfields.

The finances of the Society were at their lowest ebb at the time when Thurbern died. They managed to support the proper number of scholars, and the weekly allowance for com- mons was not reduced ; but the stipends were terribly in arrear. No less a sum than £218 165. 8d,, over ten years' stipend, was due to Warden Thurbern at the time of his death, and was never paidS and sums varying from £5 to £40 were due to the schoolmaster, steward, and most of the Fellows. What with these arrears, and moneys which had been taken out of the chest in order to meet current expenses, there was a deficit of £468 at the foot of the roll for the year 1450. Three years previously a ' specialis amicus ' named Pittleworth had lent them a hundred marks in order to pay the costs incidental to the acquisition of Barton Oratory, and he now came forward and gave £ioo to the chest'.

Thomas Chaundler (adm. 1430), a native of Coleme, in Wilt- shire, where New College has property, succeeded Thurbern.

^ It was carried over in the accounts until the year 1466, and then ceases to i ipear, being probably forgiven by the executors.

* Pittleworth was secretary to Cardinal Beaufort and attended in that capa- < ty daring the Cardinal's visitation in the year 1434. He was a friend, possibly i kinsman, of Thurbern. He is mentioned once more, in the year 1457, when 1 • appears to have turned a loan of £1 1 gs. ^d. into a gift to the Society.

P

aio Annals of Winchester College.

He was a Fellow of New College at the time of his election. John Bekenton, one of the Fellows of Winchester, and his senior by about four years, met him half-way at Newbury, and escorted him to Winchester. Chaundler's promotion, after four years, to the headship of New College, left him little time to make any mark at Winchester. He was a man of singular ^ifi.M<" enlightenment, and invited Cornelius Viletti, an Italian scholar, to Oxford to act as praelector of New College about the year 1475 ^« He was Secretary of State under Henry VI and Edward IV, also Chancellor of the University of Oxford and the Diocese of Wells, Dean of Hereford and the Chapel Royal, and Master of St. Cross Hospital, near Winchester. He died in the year 1490. The Brevis Chronica de ortu vitd et gesHs nobHibus reverendi viri WUhelmi de IVykeham, which is preserved in MS. at New College, is attributed to him.

John Baker (adm. 1431), a native of Aldermaston, in Berk- shire, succeeded Chaundler in 1454. Baker was a great buyer of land, investing in that way most of the unappropriated bene- faction money that was left in the chest, and thus increasing the income of the Society. In the year 1463 he bought a little manor called White's in Flexland, otherwise RusseFs, in the parish of Soberton*. In 1471 he bought lands in the parishes of Hawkley, Newton Valence, and Imbershete (Empshot) for £40. Nine years afterwards he bought lands lying in the com- mon fields of Basingstoke, known as Norden field. North or Holy Ghost field ', Salisbury or West field, Winchester field, Hatch field, Hackewode field, and Wyldemore; ten mes- suages, one hundred and sixty acres of meadow, and one hun- dred acres of pasture at Merstone, in the Isle of Wight ; Holt- ham and Herde's, in the parish of East Tisted ; and Goleigh, in the parish of Colmer. In 1482 Baker acquired a farm at

* Dictionary of National Biography ,*Groc3ai.'

' * In exp. dm custodis et W. Combe in Londin. in mense Junio et Julio zxviij dies ad laborandum pro quietA possessione terranim et tenementorum nui>er Willml Dni de Botreaux in Flexland et Russel's pro viA judicii habendi : que quidem terras et tenementa custos nuper perquisivit de Margaretft DnA de Hungerford, fili& et herede dicti Dnl de Botreaux, xlviij*.'

* So called after the ancient guUd chapel of the Holy Ghost, for which Sir Walter Sandes and Bishop Fox obtained a charter in 15 18. The ruins of the chapel which they founded are on an eminence close to the railway stations ai Basingstoke.

^

I

J

Wardens Chaundler and Baker. 211

East Worldham, the manors of Will Hall and Wyard's, close to Alton, and lands lying dispersedly in the common fields ad- joining that town, a messuage called Stonehouse, in the High Street, and a tenement in Turk Street ; also a holding called Fayrethorne, in the parish of Botley.

John Bamarde (adm. 1435) succeeded Ive as headmaster in 1454. There is nothing to record of Ive beyond the fact that under ' oblations ' in the computus of the year 1452 there is an entry of larf. received of him ' pro celebracione missarum apud le Chamell hoc anno.' This was, I presume, the chapel referred to by Leland\ who, after describing the ruins of St. Mary's Abbey at Winchester, says, ' There is a fair chapelle on the north side of St. Mary Abbay Church, in an area therby, to the wich men entre by a certen steppes. Under it is a vault for a camarie.* I hazard the conjecture that Ive acted as the officiating priest of the 'fair chapelle/ and paid a price to the College for the elements required for the celebration of mass in the year to which the entry relates. This chapel, with the chamel or bonehouse underneath it, was founded in the thir- teenth century by John Ingepenne, a citizen of Winchester. Another John Ingepenne in the year 1363 devised sundry tenements to the Warden and Chaplains of this chapel, which is described in his will as 'founded in the cemetery of the nuns of St. Mary's Abbey.' It stood in what is now the Broadway, facing the site of the Abbey, which was converted into a public recreation ground in the year 1890.

In the months of November and December 1461, Warden Baker and his favourite Fellow, Combe, spent forty-four days in London during the sitting of Parliament,

'Ad perquirendam provisionem pro prioratu de Andever contra actum restauracionis in eodem Parliamento habitum et de rebellione tenendum de Harmondsworth pro operibus custumariis per eos retractis/

I.e. on the business of opposing a bill which had been intro- duced in the Parliament of 1461 to refound the Priory of Andover and restore its possessions, and of quelling a strike of the tenants at Harmondsworth against their customary works, burthens, and services. No other allusion occurs to this bill, which must have dropped or been thrown out. The Society

* Itin, vol. iii. pp. 99, 100. P 2

[

aia Annals of Winchester College.

were not Yorkists ; and the bill, if it had passed, would have fined them heavily for their adherence to Henry VI. The strike at Harmondsworth probably ended in the substitution of a money payment for the liability to do so many days' work in harvest for the lords' farmer — a liability which is compounded for to this day in a similar manner in the College manors of Durrington and Sydling.

In the year 1463 one Colmer, the College tenant at Hamble, was indicted at the Winchester Assizes. Whatever the charge was, the Warden took the course which the morality of the age justified in order to facilitate his client's acquittal. He gave a breakfast to the jury, and to a number of country gentlemen of the grand inquest before the trial took place : —

* In jantaclo dat. in festo S. Georgii ' (April 23rd) * dno Joh. Lysse ', equiti, Dno Galfrido Gate, equiti. The. Welle, Tychbome, The. Uvedale, Will. Uvedale, et xij juratis pro favoribus suis habend. contra injustam indiccionem Rob^^ Colmer firmarii Coll. apud Hamyll, yj8 Y<i.>

There is evidence of an improvement in the finances of the Society in a purchase which they made in the same year of six copes of white bawdekin, which cost £13 6s. 8rf., and were supplied by a London vestimentarius, or church furnisher, named Nicholas Edmede. About the same time a number of fi'ontals and copes of damask were given by John Pere', Hugh Sugar, and the representatives of Sir John Popham, Knt.

At the top of the roll for the year 1463 will be found the name of William Grocyn, the brilliant Fellow of New College, who was one of the first who taught Greek in England, and unluckily (some think) made it easier to his classes by ignoring the accents and pronouncing it like English. He had studied it under Demetrius Chalcondyles in Italy, most likely at the sug- gestion of Warden Chaundler.

An image of St. Katherine, which a man named William Gef- frey and the ' garcio stabuli,' or groom, took to Southampton in the course of this year ' for the chapel of St. Katherine,' was probably a present to the shrine of that saint on the summit of Chale Down, at the back of the Isle of Wight. The tenant of

^ Qu. Lysle. See p. 180, note.

^ A scholar of that name was admitted in the year 1393.

Wardens Chaundler and Baker. 213

Walpan, a farm lying near, which had belonged to the oratory of Barton, enjoyed the right to feed his sheep on Chale Down. Hence, probably, the interest apparently felt by the Society in the chapel on its summit. Another customary right, that of working the alum shale in the cliffs in front of the farm ('colligendi alum ad littus maris*), may be referred to here. It seems as if the cliff here yielded alum, like the cliffs at Alum Bay and between Whitby and Redcar on the Yorkshire coast

Robert Shyrborne (Sherborne) (adm. 1465) became Bishop of St. David's in 1505, and was translated to Chichester in 1508. He founded the four Wykehamical Prebends of Wyndham, Exeit, Bursalis, and Bargham in Chichester Cathedral. The Charter of Foundation, dated in 1526, is preserved in the muni- ment room of Winchester College.

At Midsummer 1464, Clement Smyth (adm. 1439) resigned the headmastership of Eton in order to succeed Grene. Grene had succeeded Barnarde in 1459. After two years Clement Smyth made way for Richard Dene (adm. 1450), who died in harness. May i8th, 1484, and is buried in Cloisters, where there used to be a brass to his memory.

In the accounts of 1468 there is an item of 6s. 6rf. ' pro ij arcubus et xxiiij sagittis empt. pro duobus custodibus equitan. cum Dn5 custode in progressu et aliis negociis Collegii.' A similar entry occurs in the accounts of 1457, ' Sol. pro xiiij sagittis pennatis cum pennis de cygno, et ij arcubus empt. Londini quia periculum erat de latronibus in via, iij« yj.* It does not appear that the Warden was ever bidden to stand and deliver, although when on his way back from progress he must have been worth robbing. It may have been the fear of highwaymen which led to a purchase of ' gonnes ' in 1458 : — ' Pro iij novis gonnis ferreis empt. Londini, altera habente tres cameras (chambers) yj" vii^/ This may have been a kind of repeating gun or revolver. * Pro j staffe gonne de latyn, cum ij cameris, xx* iiij<^. Pro xx lb. de gonne powder empt. Londini, xx«. Pro factura le bandis et stapelis ponderant. j lb. pro magna gonna, iiij<^.' These bands and staples served to attach the ' staffe gonne ' to its rest or prop. ' Sol. laboranti viij dies circa cameracionem (the boring or chambering) p'dict. magne gonne ii* viij^.* The Society were naturally attached to Henry VI ; and the year of his brief restoration to the throne is

ai4

Annals of Winchester College.

styled 'annus ab inchoacione regni Regis H. yj. xlix et readep- cione sue regie potestatis i/ in the computus roll and register of scholars, as it is styled in the public documents of the period *. In May 147 1, after the battle of Tewkesbury, the Society gave a breakfast to Sir Thomas Uvedale, Margaret of Anjou's cham- berlain, and others of her suite, when they passed through Winchester, probably on the way to Southampton to seek safety in foreign parts'. They appear to have been in no great hurry to do homage to Edward IV after the death of Henry. In November 1473, ^^e Warden and one of the Fellows^ named Whyte, spent three weeks in London ' tempore Parlia- menti pro homagio Dno Principi ' solvendo et aliis negociis/ Their expenses came to £5 65. grf.* It is a pity that no items are given. The ' alia negotia ' included the renewal of the Charter of Privileges. This was almost a matter of course. The 'Camerarii Principis,' or Lord Chamberlain's fee was 205. ; the usher had 65. &/. ; the keeper of the Great Seal had los. ; and the keeper of the Privy Seal had 6s. 8rf.

In the course of the following year Edward IV sent a lion to the College for the boys to see. On this occasion the Bursars gave to the King his proper title : — ' Dat. uni famulo DnI Regis Anglie venienti ad Coll. cum leone mense Januarii, xx».'

The only recorded visit of Edward IV to Winchester College occurred in January, 1468-9 : — ' In expensis fact circa diversos generosos in mense Januarii venientes cum rege ad Coll. et diversas refecciones in camera dni custodis xiij» viij*.,* is the entry in the computus.

Archbishop Warham (adm. 1469) was a native of Church

^ Henxy was deposed on March 4, i46o--i,and in October 1470 recovered the throne and held it till April 147 1.

' *• In diversis refeccionibus factis cancellario Regine, DnO Thome Uvedale, et aliis generosis de familiA regine venientibus ad Coll. mense Maii iij* vij^/ A breakfast given three years later to the Ambassador from the Court of Bretagne and Burgundy (he was at Winchester to negotiate the treaty between Edward IV and Charles of Burgundy, which led to the invasion of France in 1475) cost 75. \id»

• If the Bursars had been Yorkists, the word here would have been ' regi.'

* The expenses of an eight weeks' trip to London to attend Parliament in February 1531-9, were ^9 95. ac/. But the number of the party is not men- tioned. In 1535 the expenses of a three week's trip were — ' Food, drink and horse keep, ^^3 '4^ i^- > ^^^ ^^'^ ^ Westminster at divers times, 4s. idl ; servants at lodgings and barber, as. td, ; keep and physic for a horse left behind at Hounslow, 3*. 3</.; gratuity to cook, 15.; boy, 5</.; washing table linen, \td*

tVardens Chaundler and Baker. a 15

Oakley, in Hampshire. After living fifteen years on a Fellow- ship of New College, he entered public life, and, owing to his own merits and the favour of Henry VH, rose rapidly. In 1501, while Keeper or Master of the Rolls, Warham acquired the Falcon Inn at Kingsclere, and made it over to the College in 1510. It is not certain whether it was an inn at that date, the description in the feoffment being merely 'a tenement with a curtilage,' — ^but in the first extant lease, dated November 2, 1638, it is described as 'all that messuage or common inn, called or known by the name of the Golden Falcon, situate, lying, and being in Kingscleere, between the vicaridge there on the south parte, a tenement sometime Mr. Earnley's on the west parte, and the high road that leadeth to Newberie on the north parte.' About the same time Warham gave another tene- ment in Kingsclere to New College, and wainscoted the Hall there at his own expense. On becoming Archbishop of Canter- bury he gave a Bible, which has not been preserved, to Winchester College. There is a likeness of him in an ancient stained glass window in the Malshanger aisle at Church Oakley. At his death he bequeathed to the College sixteen antiphonaries and eight graduals, valued at £64 los., upon condition that they should be returned to his executors if his estate should prove insolvent. This he knew would be the case if his successor should press for dilapidations. He appealed to him to show consideration in this respect, on the ground that he had laid out £30,000 on the buildings of the Archiepiscopal See during his tenure of them. Fuller thinks that Cranmer was the sort of man who would listen to such an appeal. The books were sent down to Winchester, but the Warden had to give a bond for £100 to restore them if required to do so. They weighed six cwt., thirty-four lbs. and the carriage from Lambeth came to 7s.

The best bedroom and parlour at Trumper's Inn were furnished about this time. Trumper's Inn was an ancient hostelry in Little Trinity Lane, Queenhithe, which was purchased in 1469 for the use of the Society when they visited London \ The situation was a convenient one, as the Warden

* The inn was converted into several houses in the seventeenth century. A few years ago it was taken by the Metropolitan District Railway Company and pulled down.

ai6 Annals of Winchester College.

and Fellows used to ride to Brentford and drop down with the tide to Queenhithe, five minutes walk from the Inn*. The following items are from the computus : —

*Sol. pro uno lecto de worstede empt. cum toto apparatu et iij curteyns de eodem, un^ cum iij peciis integris de worstede empt. pro le hangynge placee magne Londin. cum factura et toto apparatu, un^ eciam cum diversis instrumentis (utensils) empds pro stauro ibidem, iiij^ v* iij^.*

The following valuation of the contents of this hostelry was made in 1544 : —

* StulFe bought of John Sawnders, citizen of London, at Trumpers Inn in Trinity parish \ a. d. 1544, to the use of ye Colledge besyde Winton.'

In the Hall— £ s. d. £ s. €L

A cupboard with lock and key ; a chest with

two locks and two keys under the window 500

Two tressels o a o

A form and three joint stools . . . .050

A standard in the entry 034

5 10 4

In the Parlour—

The hangings of pointed fustian with border .200 Carved bedstead, with seller and tester of

wainscot carved a o o

A footpiece to the same of wainscot . .008 Five curtains of red and yellow and a fringe

of silk, and another of crewel . • .250 A cupboard with two locks and two keys .168 A portall with three doors and all things

belonging 100

A settle under the window . . . . o 10 o Another settle with a lock and key . . .068 A press behind the bed with lock and key . o 10 o A long table with two tressels . . . .076

^ Their usual route was that taken by Taylor the water-poet, who says : — ' On Friday I gaUop'd a foot pace one-and-twenty miles from IVinchesler to Famham^ where I and one of my company hired a couple of Hampshire Jenets with seven legges and three eyes betwixt them, upon whom we hobbled seventeen miles to Status, whence on Saturday the 33 of August we footed to Brmford and boated to London.'

^ United with St. Michael, Queenhithe.

Wardens Chaundler and Baker.

£ s. d.

Six joint stools of wainscot . . . .060

A round table 050

A turned chair 010

A pair of brandirons weighing 50 lbs., at 2d. the lb., given in recompense of a portall standing in the parlour of the little house 084

In the Chamber beneath —

The hangyng of the same o 13 4

A carved bedstead of wainscot. . . . o 13 4 A seller and tester and curtains of red and

green saye o 15 o

A truckle bed under the same . . . .010

A table with two tressels 076

A carved chair of wainscot . . . .034

A form 030

An old cupboard with a hall pace, two locks

and two keys o 3 4

An yron barre in the chymney . . .010

In the Chamber over the Parlour—

The hanging of the same of red and green

buckram, with a border of Antycke . .168 A bedstead with settles about it . . .100 A tester, seller, and curtains of pointed fustian o 15 o A carved press of wainscot, with four locks

and four keys 168

A jointed table 050

The mats on the floor o 10 o

Three locks and three keys of plate . .050 A nest of boxes under the shelves in the

counting house o 10 o

In the Kychen —

A cistern of lead with a cock for water . . o 16 8

Three brass pots o 16 2

A great panne weighing 30 lbs. . . . o 15 o

Two trowyes (troughs) of lead, weighing 36^ lbs. 018 A pair of cupboards, two hangers, two spittes

and a strayner, weighing 80 lb., at i\d. . o 10 o An oven lid, tongs, fyre rake, and fyre shovel,

weighing 20 lbs., at 2£/. . . . .026

^ Sic, Should he £iits, lod.

217 £ 5. d.

10 18 6'

3 o 10

5 18 4

320

ai8 Annals of Windiester College,

£ s. d, £ 5. d.

In the Buttery—

A cupboard and shelves o lo 4

A charger, 12 platters, 12 dysshes, 12 sawcers,

6 potyngers, weighing 89 lbs., at ^\d, . 1 13 4

A pottle, a quart, a pint wine pot, a quart, a pint ale pot, a chamber pot, and two pots for horses, weighing 22 lbs., at 5^/. . .092

Four great candlesticks 046

One chafing dish 028

In the Mayden^ Chamber— The hangings of the same .... A joyned bedstead with the seller .

Four curtaynes of sylke

A table cloth, a * tuell,* and 6 napkins of dyaper A fetherbed with bolster of down . A fetherbed, a bolster of fethers, a pillow of down, 6 curtains and a coverlet of * yder *

(eider)

A fetherbed, bolster, and pillow of down

Two pa3n"e of shete i

0 7

6

0 ID

0

I 16

8

I 3

4

2 16

8

3 6

8

I 15

4

I 0

0

300

II 18 8^

Hawkbroke, who had been usher many years, died or retired at Midsummer 1470, and there seems to have been a little difficulty in filling his place : —

* In exp. Hen. Crocker (a fellow) laboranti pro novo hostiario per vj dies Oxon. mense Julii, cum iij" iij* dat. eidem hostiario* venienti Coll. pro expensis suis redeundo ad Oxon. — viij* v*.*

The number of scholars in commons during the months of June, July, and August, 1474, was so low as to suggest the prevalence of an epidemic, probably the plague, during that summer. There had been a deadly outbreak in Oxford in 1471, and it raged throughout England in 1478.

Warden Baker's great work was Thurbern's chantry. This building was begun on the site of Wykeham's belfry in the year 1474, and was finished, with the tower above it, in 1480. The total cost of chantry and tower was £370 145. iirf. 'Le Vawte,' the vaulted stone roof of the chantry, cost £19 145. sJA The greater part of the cost was defrayed out of the rents and

^ Should be ^19 i6s. ^

' John Davy, of Pewsey, adm. 1450. He retired on a fellowship of Win- chester College in 1478.

Wardens Chaundler and Baker. 219

profits of the property at Romsey, which Thurbem had devised to the College with that object. The rest was made up by subscription. The Earl of Arundel^ gave, first and last, the sum of £10 6s, 8rf. Other subscribers were, John Kent, citizen of London, 35. 4^. ; Margery Rede, widow of Richard Rede, porter of Wolvesey Castle, 335. 4//. ; John Davy the usher, 66s. 8rf. ; Thomas Newman, the lessee of Andover Parsonage (who owed a debt of gratitude to the Society for opposing the bill touching the Priory), 1005.; and Joan Jolyffe, mother of William Jolyffe', a commoner from the Isle of Wight, 13s. 4^. It is inferred from the first references in the computus rolls to the erection of the structure that the architect, whoever he was, thought it sufficient to clear away the materials of Wykeham's belfry down to the piles on which it rested, without strengthening the foundation in any way. He also removed one of the buttresses on the south side of the Chapel, which was in the way. All this was unfortunate. The structure seems to have borne witness to its instability from the very first. Only five years after it was finished a buttress had to be built against its south face : — ' Sol. pro le Botresse in exteriore parte nove capelle hoc anno lxv» yjd * is an item in the accounts for 1485. This buttress answered its purpose for many years. In the first year of King Edward VI the services in Thurbem's chantry ceased, and it served for some years afterwards as a music school for the choristers. The two large arches in the south wall of the chapel were pierced at a later date, with the object of throwing Thurbern's chantry into the antechapel. The shaft left between these two arches, deprived of the support which the buttress at that point used to afford prior to the erection of the chantry, began to give way, and had to be rebuilt in 1671. ' Sol. M«> Byrde pro reparatione columnae ad australem sitirni capellae sub campanili, xP.' is an entry in the Bursars' book of that year. In 1740 iron ties were introduced ;

* It docs not appear how this nobleman*s interest in the College arose ; but be was a steady patron. His company of minstrels gave an entertainment in HaU at Christmas-tide during many years ; e. g. in the computus of 1501 ^— • SoL ministnUl. dni de Arundel venient ad Coll. xv die Januarii ad mandatum custodis XX*, cum viij * solut. uni joculatori dnl regis, ij* iiij* ; et in sol. minis- traU. dne reginae venient. ad Coll. xiv die Julii ad mandat Dn! custodis xx«».'

■ The JollifTc family were lessees and copyholders under the College for many generations.

ii2o Annals of Winchester College.

and in 1772-3 Mr. James Essex, of Cambridge, the restorer of King's College Chapel, struck a foundation on the stump of the buttress which was removed at the time when the Chantry was built, and carried up from it a solid prop of masonry at a cost of £605. This expedient, in the opinion of Mr. Charles Black- stone, writing in 1782, was likely to secure the Chantry and tower from further failure. However, signs of mischief reappeared. The tower became so insecure that the bells could not be rung ; and in 1863 the entire structure was taken down and rebuilt by subscription to the memory of the two Wardens, Williams and Barter, then lately deceased. The following inscription is beneath the tower : —

D.W. ob: die Martis 22^^ a.d. i860 aetatis suae 74. R. S. B. ob : die Febniarii 8^^ a.d. 1861 aetatis suae 71.

In memoriam

David Williams LCD.

Hujus CoUegii

XIV annos Hostiarii xii Informatoris

Coll. B. M. Wint. in Oxon.

XX annos Custodis

Viri consilio dignitate doctrina

Humanltate munificentia

Candore morum et integritate vitae

Si quis alius insignis.

In memoriam

ROBERTI SpECKOTT BaRTER

I. C. B.

Hujus CoUegii

XXIX annos Custodis

Viri

Ob benevolentiam cordis et largitatem

Constantiam animi et fidem

Suavitatem liberalitatem pietatem

Nemini non dilectL

Utriusque geminorum horum collegiorum decoris tutelae columnae

Utriusque intra unius anni spatium ad immortalia avocati

Hanc turrim vetustate diu labantem denuo exaedificandam et

nomine duorum custodum Perpetuo appellandam censuerunt Wiccamici sui a.s. hdccclxih

posterorum causa Id scilicet in animo habentes ut in ipsa acerbissimi desiderii sui

recordatione manifestum facerent

Wardens Chaundler and Baker,

2%l

Non in quibuslibet viris magnis nee in brevem aliquam hominum

aetatem Sed in omne tempus et in perpetua serie virorum ad horum

exemplar Sub his penetralibus ad omnia bona fortia fidelia enutriendonim

Stare rem wiccahicah.

The following coats of arms and emblems existed in the roof of Thurbem's Chantry prior to 1772, when they were for the most part unavoidably defaced in the course of erecting the pier which strengthened the tower : —

Wykehah. — Argent, two chevronels sable, between three roses gules, barbed and seeded proper, within a garter.

Waykeflete. — Lozengy ermine and sable within a garter, quar- tered with the arms of the See of Winchester, viz. gules, two bays addorsed the bows interlaced in bend, the uppermost argent, the other or ; a sword interposed between them in bend sinister of the second, pommel and hilt of the third.

FrrzALAN, E. of Arundel. — AnUy p. 167.

Bassingborne. — Gyronny of twelve pieces or, a rose in fess gules.

Hugh Sugar. — ^Three sugar loaves.

Prior Nevill J—Ante, p. 167.

Bekyngton, Bp. of Bath and Wells. — Argent, on a fess azure between three bucks' heads caboched or and three phaons sable, a mitre or.

Warden Chaundler. — A capital C charged with tapers or candles in saltire.

Warden Thurbern. — R. T. and a burning thurible.

The first allusion to Caen stone occurs in connection with Thurbem's Chantry. But Isle of Wight and Beer stone were the materials chiefly employed.

The prices of some of the materials may be quoted here : —

aooo vi penynayle, at 45. 2d. . 4000 V penynayle, at 35. 4^. . 4000 iv penynayle, at 25. 6d, . 2000 X penynayle, at 75. 6d. . 10,000 lathenayle (large), at i2d. 9000 „ (small), at lod.

5 loads of sand .... a qrs. 3 bus. i peck 'tylepynnys' 7 dozen quarterbordes, at ^d.

f • <

£ s. d. 084

0 13 4

• «

0 10 0

0 15 0

• •

0 10 0

076

»

037 . 0 6 3J

■ •

■

024

2aa Annals of Winchester College.

£ s. €L a dozen plankeborde ... ...008

Six loads ' blew slate/ at 6s. 9^. a o 6

Four hundred * rede tyle/ at 25. 6d. per 1000 . . 013

The glazier's wages were fourpence a day : —

*Sol. Rob*o Rob3mson, vitreatori, laboranti per zzxiij dies mense Septembri et Octob. circa fenestras nove turns etc., ad iiij* per diem, xj".'

Thurbem's Chantry was consecrated August 20, 1488 : —

*In dat. sufifraganeo Dnl Epi Wjmton. xx™® die Augusti pro consecracione novi altaris in capellS M'^ Thurbem unit cum expensis eiusdem in tribus refeccionibus, et in expensis v equonim in Walthazn ad vices xiij" ix<*.'

The glass in the south window was removed to the east window of Fromond's Chantry (which it does not fit), in the year 1 772. It is much patched and damaged, but would repay careful restoration. With the exception of portions of the Chapel windows, it is the oldest stained glass about the College. The bill for it was paid in 1483 : —

zx

^Sol. pro factur§ iij pedum vitri antiqui pro magna fenestra in nova capella, ad ij<* iii* per pedem, ad minus in toto iij* . . . xviij* *

is the entry in the computus of that year. Twopence three farthings per foot seems a low price, which may be explained by the circumstance of the glass being second-hand. As nearly all the figures are those of female saints, it was probably designed for, or bought out of, some nunnery: The glass which now fills the south window was put there in the year 1848, as a testi- monial to Dr. Charles Wordsworth, now Bishop of St Andrews, on his retiring from the office of Hostiarius.

Provisions were cheap in 1476, for the ' excrescenita comuna- rum,' or excess of the allowance for provisions over their actual cost, amounted to £32 35; ' Goddards,' a sort of earthenware beer jug, so called probably after the maker, are mentioned under 'custus panetriae' in this year: They cost ^d. each. Throwys (troughs, a truly Hampshire version of the word) 'pro piscibus adaquandis,' for soaking salt fish, are also mentioned.

John Yong, of Heyford Warren (adm. 1478), became Dean of York. Another John Yong, of Newnton Longville (adm. 1474), became Dean of Chichester and titular Bishop of Gallipoli, and was elected Warden of New College in 1521. He was made Keeper of the Rolls on the accession of Henry VHI. A con-

IVardens Chaundler and Baker. 22$

temporary, Thomas Wellys, a native of Alresford, rose to be titular Bishop of Sidon, and might have been Warden of New College, but declined the distinction. Hugh Yng, of Wells (adm. 1480), became Archbishop of Dublin and Chancellor of Ireland.

John Fysher, of Taunton (adm. 1481), became Rector of Headley, and retired in his old age upon a pension of eleven marks per annum out of the benefice*.

Only nine scholars were admitted in 1482. As the College

was full throughout that year, and there were, for some reason

not disclosed, no holida3rs, even the usual fortnight's 'exeat ' at

Whitsuntide not being given either in this or the following

year, I extract the cost of commons, which continued to be

provided at the rate allowed by Wykeham's statutes : —

£ s. d. Warden, fellows, schoolmaster, chaplains, usher, and

lay clerks 4880

Scholars, averaging sixty-eight in commons throughout

the year 117 19 10

Choristers and servants 44 9 4

Jumelli (journeymen employed about the place) and

strangers . 9 18 o

Pittances on festivals 6 13 4

£asq 8 6

Nicholas Harpysfield, of Wishford in Wiltshire (adm. i486), became Rector of Havant, and Commissary to the Bishop of Winchester*. He was probably uncle to the eminent brothers, John Harpysfield (adm. 1528), Dean of Norwich, and Nicholas Harpysfield (adm. 1529), Archdeacon of Canterbury, and Principal of Alban Hall. William Knyghte (adm. 1487) became Bishop of Bath and Wells, and Secretary of State under Henry VH and Henry VHI. He left a legacy of £20 to the Society.

' Before Stat. 31 Eliz. c 6, bishops often assigned pensions to retiring incum- bents out of the income of their benefices (Gibson, Saa). They ceased to do so after this Statute, which imposes a penalty on clerks corruptly taking resigna- tion pensions. The Incumbents' Resignation Act, 187 1, restored, with certain limitations, the ancient practice.

' His name appears in the computus of 1599 in connection with an early case of conscience money, ' De quodam ad exoneracionem consciencie sue per manus Doctoris Harpysiyld, iij* iiij**.'

CHAPTER XIV.

Wardens Cleve, Rede, Barnake, and More

(1487-1541.)

Cleve's obit, — ^The Great Bell. — Sundry prices. — ^Visitation of 1494. — ^William Horeman. — Leather Jacks. — Dr. John London. — President Mayo. — ^Warden Rede. — Battle of the Spurs. — Nicholas Udall. — ^Warden Bamako. — Edward More, Schoolmaster and Warden. — Election Cup. — School holi- days.— Rede's bequest. — ^Vestments and Plate in 1535. — Confiscation under Edward VI. — Fate of Winchester Church plate. — ^The Twychenera. — Archdeacon Philpot — ^Wolsey*s Visitation. — Bishop Gardiner. — College Mill. — Cranmer's and Cromweirs Visitations. — Servants in 1536. — Sanders the Jesuit.

Warden Baker died in February 1486-7. His successor, Michael Cleve (adm. 1454), was a native of St Ebbe's, in Ox- ford, and a Fellow of New College. As soon as he was made Warden, he, prudent man, placed a sum of £146 135. 4£/. in the College chest as a provision for his obit, which was celebrated thenceforth on October 9 annually, the Warden attending it, as Charles V did the rehearsal of his own funeral, and receiving the Warden's allowance of 2orf. for being present\ Cleve died in 1501, and was buried in the College chapel, where there used to be a brass to his memory. He bequeathed to the Society a great quantity of plate» and the great bell, which cost £13 6s'. This appears by an acquittance to CI eve's executors

^ The other allowances at this obit were : —

Schoolmaster, Fellows and Chaplains lad. each Usher and lay clerks 6d. each Scholars ad. each Choristers id. each . Sacrist for wax . Pittance throughout Hall . ' It was hung in 1503. ' Pro comunis ij laborancium in locacione magne campane per ij dies viij<>, cum ij' viij ' solut. Joh. Emery pro le gogyn (gudgeons)

&

d.

14

0

9

0

II

8

I

4

0

8

6

8

Warden Cleve. 225

under the seals of Warden Rede and seven of the Fellows, which is preserved in the muniment room.

Under cusius capellae in 1487 will be found an account of the cost of some new frontals for the inferior altars : —

*In solut Edvardo Broderer pro iij frengis pro iij altaribus, iiji iij" \j** : pro viridi file, bladio, rubro et serico empt. ad idem opus iij* .... et in solut Joh. Smyth Londini pro iij ymaginibus crucifixi cum aliis ymagin. beate Marie et Johannis, xxvj". £t in solut. Edvardo Broderer pro ymposicione predictarum ymaginum in le dictis auterclothes de mottley per vij dies mense Augusti, et pro emendacione divers, vestimentorum, cum iiij* pro filo serico ij" vj^.'

Under the same head in 1491 : —

' Thirteen thousand wafers (panes) at &/., 85. 8^. : nine flagons of red wine at lod,, 8s. 6d» : three and a half flagons of Malmsey, 115. : twenty-one flagons of the same wine bought at Southampton, 215. * : Simon Taylor for nineteen flagons of red wine at different times, 15s. : sixteen flagons of oil for the lamps in the choir, 20s, : seventeen skins of vellum for mass books, with 1^ for '^mowthe glew/' ia» 4*.'

Under cusius aulae in 1490 I find: —

* Forty-one ells of bockeram, at ^id. " pro mappis generosorum *• — napkins for the gentlemen commoners— 14s. 6d. : forty-eight ells of "streyte" canvas "pro duplicaturfi le dorsers"— to back the worsted hangings^, 6s.: Thirty-nine ells of canvas (unbleached linen) at 4//., to make napkins for the scholars, with iod> for making, i^. lodJ

Doglas cloth (dowlas) for napkins cost 5}^. per ell in 1494.

Custos aulae in 1494: — ^A 'Garnysshe de pewter veshell ponderant. xlix lib.' at 4^., cost 165. 4^/., less 35. Zd, allowed for 28 lbs. of old pewter at 2d. Eight pence for eight hoops

pro e&dem campanA, iiij*/ occurs in the computus of that year. It had to be cast anew in 1535, and again in 1573. These are the items of cost on the last occasion : — * Sol. M"> Dove pro iij c et amplius ly bell mettell xj^ v« viij**. Item Joh. Burton collectori vasium (old brass and copper pots) zvj<i. Item pro viij lib. ct dim. pewter p. lib. v*, et pro ij lib. brasse p. lib iiij<*, in toto, iiij* y^. Item Joh. Lake pro cxxj lib. stanni xx*. Item Joh. Cole pro fusione magne campane lip xij" iij^. Item Edmundo Warton, iabro ferrario, pro diversis ferramentis ad magnam campanam, ij*. ij^. Item pro rota ad eandem campanam, v*. Item Rogero Lyme pro iij funibus ponderant xxviij lib. viij". vj*. Item Will© Strode pro ]y bawdryke ad magnam campanam, iij* iiij*>.'

^ The difference in price between Winchester and Southampton is remarkable.

^ Probably the hangings of red worsted give by Dr. John Selott (adm. 1498) in the year 1470.

226

Annals of Windtester College.

to Me vargis barell' will remind the reader of a eondiment now superseded by vinegar. From Joinville's description of the Greek fire used at the siege of Acre, which he says is 'as large as a barrel of verjuice/ it would seem that such a barrel was a sort of standard of capacity. An item of 305. 8rf. for 24 J flagons of oil pro cameris puerorum shows that oil was burnt after dark in the scholars' chambers at that period.

Under cusius brasini in 1493 I find a reference to a pump costing Sd. in ^fonte brasini/ superseding the windlass and bucket there. A new 'meshyngvatte/ or mashtub, bought at la Wee (Weyhill Fair), cost 105. Sd., including i2rf. for carriage to Winchester.

Cusius stabuli in 1493 and 1495: —

* Five surcyngyll, ood. : six gyrthys, 45. : bridill raynys, i6d, : twelve ledyng raynys for sumpter or packhorses, 6d, : chaynys and bokels, lid. : a saddle, 5s. : two bittes, ltd : nine Cardinal Hattes (rosettes ?) \\d. : three hedstalles, i2d, : a drench, 4^/. Hay was 45. per load : straw, eight quarters, 105. 5^/. : oats, forty quarters at as. — /4 : beans, eleven quarters "ad miscendum cum avenis," 85. : horse- shoes, fore, aof., hind, i\d. each: two new sets of harness, 55.: vernesshyng (burnishing) le styroppes, as. : a stable barrow, i6dL*

The Bishop of Winchester, Thomas de LangtonJ, personally visited the College April 14, 1494. He was attended by the Abbot of Hyde, the Prior of St. Swithun, Dr. Fylde, and other civilians. The proceedings appear to have been formal. The cost was £6 13s. 4^., in addition to a procuration fee of 135. 41/.; and 35. 4^/. was distributed among the Bishop's officials, 'ex curialitate pro eorum laboribus.'

William Horeman, otherwise Herman or Harman, adm. 1468, Fell. N. C. 1477-85, succeeded Fescam as schoolmaster in 1495. Like his predecessor, Clement Smyth, he came from Eton, where he had been schoolmaster from 1485 to 1495..

Jonson says of him : —

'Ille hie, Etonae postmodo terror erat,' reversing the order of his two masterships. He retired in 1502, being made a Fellow of Eton, and ended his days there as

^ His chantry at the east end of Winchester Cathedral, on the south side, is fitted up, according to Milner, in a peculiar style of richness and elegance, the ornaments with which it is covered being carved in oak. He died Archbishop elect of Canterbury in the year 1500.

Warden Cleve. 227

Vice-Provost, April 12th, 1535, aged nearly one hundred years. He is buried in the chapel of Eton College, where there is a brass to his memory.

The word Pandoxatorium (n-a»^x'«>r), a medieval name for a brew-house, occurs in the computus for 1495 : — ' Sol. uni labor- anti in pandoxatorio vice Rob*» Awdley equitantis in progressu autumnali ij« iij^.* Awdley was the College brewer ; and when he rode in the Warden's escort on the autumn progress, a sub- stitute was paid to brew.

The first allusion to leather beer jacks, two or three of which still exist about the College, occurs in the computus for 1433 : — * Sol. pro oUa de corio empt. Londini pro generosis.* I find in the year 1495 ' In sol. pro xix ledyr gallyn pottes ad viij^, cum 7L\}^ pro carriagio, pro mensA puerorum, xiij« viij^.' These jacks varied in size, but a jack regarded as a measure contained two gallons. These jacks were called gispins in the sixteenth century: — 'Sol. pro iij lagenis de corio vocat. ly gyspyns ad usum scholarium et servientium, iij" iij<*,' occurs in the accounts for 1569, and 'Pro iij lagenis de corio empt. in nundinis de Magdalene viij» ' in the account for the next year. The word is obsolete, and I have not met with it elsewhere.

The prices of iron nails supplied by William Forest, of Dud- ley, in the year 1509, were as follows. It is noticeable that at this early period such terms as ' tenpenny,' connoting the price per hundred, had come to mean a nail of a particular size with- out reference to the price : —

Two thousand tenpenny nails, at 65. &/. . . . 13 4

Four thousand sixpenny nails, at 45. aof. . . . . 16 8

Four thousand fivepenny nails, at 35. 4//. . . . . 13 4

Two thousand threepenny nails, at 15. &/. . . . . 34

Dr. John London (adm. 1497) was Warden of New College from 1516 to 1541, when he resigned and became Dean of Wallingford and Oseney. He died in the Fleet in 1543 under a charge of conspiracy and forgery. Bishop Lowth devotes several pages of his Life of Wykeham to refuting a scandal floated by Dr. London, attributing Wykeham's success in the political world to the favour of Alice Ferrers.

The following entry in the accounts of the year 1500, ' Rec, de doct. presidenti Coll. beate M. Magd. pro veteri victu ac-

Q2

aa8 Annals of Winchester College.

quirendo yj^ xiij» iiij^/ seems to me to mean that Dr. Mayhew or Mayo (adm. 1455), the President of Magdalen, returned to the College the sum which his commons had cost while he was a scholar at Winchester. If so, it is the only recorded case of the sort. The sum refunded represents 200 weeks' commons at 8rf. Dr. Mayhew was a native of Kingsclere, and in 1504 became Bishop of Hereford.

Warden Cleve's successor was Rede the schoolmaster. Rede was also Master of St. Cross and Magdalen Hospitals ^

The following entry in the computus of the year 1512 refers to a contingent from the College to a camp of reserve in the Isle of Wight during the operations in France which ended in the battle of the Spurs:— 'In armis sumptis pro iij hominibus mittendis ad Insulam Vectam tempore belli ij* iij*.'

Nicholas Owdall (Udall) (adm. 151 7), missing election to New College, became a scholar and then a Fellow of Corpus Christ! College, Oxford. In 1534 he became headmaster of Eton, and wrote ' Ralph Roister Doister ' for performance in Hall or Long Chamber. In 1541 he lost his situation under circum- stances alluded to by Lyte {History of Eton College, p. 115), but afterwards became headmaster of Westminster School. An- other Wykehamist, Richard Davis (adm. 1518), succeeded him at Eton.

Henry Cole (adm. 1519) became Warden of New College in 1540 and Provost of Eton in 1554. He was Dean of St. Paul's and Judge of the Arches Court under Queen Mary, but lost all his preferment as well as his liberty under Queen Elizabeth.

In 1520 Warden Rede was chosen head of New College. That Society failed to elect a new Warden in due time, and Bishop Fox collated Ralph Barnake (adm. 1495) to the ^vacant head- ship. Barnake had been University Registrar, and was living in retirement as Vicar of Adderbury at the time when the mantle of Rede was so unexpectedly cast upon him. Barnake was scarcely equal to the position, owing to ill-health. He re- tired in October, 1526, and died very soon afterwards. He left a

^ An ancient Hospital for leprous persons on Mom (Magdalen) Hill east of Winchester. Fromond left a legacy of aos. to its inmates. I find the following in a computus of John Foxholes, who was treasurer of Wolvesey in 1421 : — *■ In solut M'^ hospitalis B. M. Magd. juxta Wynton. et leprosis ibidem de ele- mosina xxv* xyj" iiij«*.*

Warden Rede. 229

legacy of £7 to the Society, which was laid out in the purchase of a tenement in Kingsgate Street, on the site of which the choir- school stands. Edward More succeeded him. More had been schoolmaster from 1508, when he succeeded Farlyngton, Hore- man's successor, till 151 7, when he made way for Erlisman, and was probably living in retirement when promotion overtook him. Regular school holidays, a week or more about Whit- suntide, and a fortnight or three weeks in August or September, after Election, may be said to commence with More. In the first week of September, 1518, not a single scholar was in commons ; a thing which had never occurred before. It occurred again in 1522 ^

More was the giver of 'Election Cup,* a large embossed silver gilt bowl on a stem highly finished and ornamented with twenty-four false jewels, which appears on the High Table at the Domum dinner.

Sir Richard Rede, Knt. (adm. 1524), practised as a Proctor in the Arches Court, and became Chancellor of Ireland. His will, made in 1559, contains the following bequest : —

'I gyve to the fellows and schollers of Winchester CoUedge to be delivered ymediatlie after my decease fourtie shillings, to be bestowed for the betteringe of their commons for one or two meals, as may f o them seem best, as a poore token of rembrance that my firste educacion was in that CoUedge, when their commons were righte slender and small.*

After this joke at the expense of the Warden and Fellows, the testator gave his two gold chains, worth £190, to be sold, and the produce applied in purchasing two perpetual annuities of £5 and £3 respectively for the improvement of the commons of either Society. Sir Richard Rede's will was proved in the year 1576. The Society of New College received the money and secured the annuity of £3 to Winchester College, under the name of ' Petty Wales.*

The following summary of the contents of the Vestiary in the year 1525 from the inventory of that year (being the last extant inventory prior to the Reformation), will show what a quantity of vestments the Society possessed at that period : —

* The reader may, if he pleases, attribute More*s generosity in respect of holidays to the circumstance of his having been in the school under Dene, ivho gave no leave out at all during two of the years while More was in College.

rjP9iir-

230 Annals of Winchester College.

Imprimis. A set of vestments of red tissue, made out of the robe which the most christian Prince King Henry VI gave; a chasuble, a cope and parures for three albs ; two amices and stoles and three fanons (fanellae) ; also two tunicles bought to match. The chasuble has a Crucifiz on the back and the Trinity on its upper part.

Item. A set of white tissue, the cope of the same stuff worked with a Crucifix; the chasuble with Angels on its back and the Trinity above.

Item. A set of red velvet powdered with angels and flaming clouds and the letters R. T. The subject of the orphrey is Jesse ^ The gift of Thurbem.

Item. A set of blue velvet worked with golden stars and crowns. Five copes of the same stuff, two frontals for the high altar and one frontlet to match. A small reading desk (lectorium pro lectione evangeliorum) covered blue tartaryn, with a stole worked with golden crowns.

Item. A set of blue velvet, the orphrey of cloth of gold worked with a Crucifix, Mary and St. John. The chasuble has three angels on its back and the Trinity over them. The Cope damasked with golden flowers, and two frontals to match for the high altar. The gift of Andrew Hulse.

Item. A set of white damask, the orphrey of red velvet, chasuble worked in the back with a lily, golden roses and damask flowers in the field ; and an alb.

Item. Another set of white damask, the orphrey of crimson velvet. Chasuble worked in the back with golden flowers and golden flowers in the field; cope to match with two silver gilt buttons. The gifl of Andrew Hulse.

Item. A set of green velvet, the orphrey of purple velvet Chasuble worked on the back with golden flowers and ' Laus Deo ' in letters of gold. Two copes of green velvet and two frontals for the High Altar of green and blue velvet. The gifl of Bishop Bekenton.

Item. A set of black satin, the ground of green velvet; the orphrey of red satin worked with golden vine branches. The chasuble has no cross on the back. Four Copes worked with oak leaves and strawberries. The gifl of Robert Thurbem.

Item. A set of red velvet, the orphrey of cloth of gold, the chasuble worked on the back with a Crucifix, and two angels and the Holy Ghost in white silk on the upper part and golden flowers

* See * An Inventory of the Vestry of Westminster Abbey taken in 1388/ by Dr. J. Wickham Lcgg, F.S.A., Arckaeologia^ vol. Hi. p. 195.

Warden Rede. 231

in the field. The gift of Warden Cleve for the mass of the Blessed Virgin.

Item. A set of blue velvet, orphrey of cloth of gold, with a Crucifix and angels, and the Holy Ghost in white silk on the upper part of the chasuble, the field worked with golden damask fiowers. The gift of Warden Cleve for Requiem on high days.

Item. A set of black velvet, orphrey of purple velvet, for Requiem or double festivals.

Item. A set of black velvet, orphrey of blue velvet with cords. The gift of Warden Chaundler.

Item. A set of red damask, orphrey of cloth of gold, with a CrudfijCy two angels and St Peter at the foot in cloth of gold. A cope to match. The gift of Andrew Hulse*

Item. A set of green silk, orphrey of cloth of gold, chasuble worked on the back with the Three Kings of Cologne, the Virgin and Child, and the Virgin and Joseph. In the ground a golden cokyntrys (cockatrice) and golden roses. The back of silk ' thekewarke.' Two copes with the Founder's Arms on the breast and two frontals. The gift of Wayneflete.

Item. A vestment of ancient damask, orphrey of red velvet, chasuble worked at back with the Virgin, St. Anne, and Saint Bartholomew.

Item. Two frontals of white damask, worked with golden roses and green and yellow green (glaucus) branches in silk having a Crucifix in the middle, the Virgin Mary, St John, and the Nativity on the north, and the Resurrection on the south side, and two frontlets to match with the Salutation in the centre. The gift of Sir Robert Popham, Knt Two copes to match ; given by Warden Baker. Three frontals of white damask for the inferior altars. Three others of damask, given by Roger Phylpott A frontal of red velvet, worked with fiowers and angels for the high altar, and four copes to match ; given by Warden Cleve. A pall of blue velvet worked with damask fiowers and the Crucified; given by Roger Phylpott Two frontals for the High Altar and a cloth of gold. Also two frontals of red and green damask and two cloths of green damask ; given by Warden Cleve. A frontal and three frontlets to match for the inferior altars. Three frontals of blue and red damask worked with flowers for the inferior altars. Also a cope of white damask with golden roses and green branches; given by John Grene, who was Schoolmaster. Also eleven copes of damask worked with fiowers ; given by divers fellows. Also a cope of white damask worked with the letter S, the gift of John Selwode, Abbot of Glaston- bury. Also a cope of white damask and green velvet, the gift of Master Champneys.

2^% AnncUs of Winchester College.

Item. A set of red bawdekyn \ orphrey of blue satin, chasuble embroidered with St. Luke and birds, on the back a lion, and blue and white flowers in the field. A cope to match, and a frontal and a frontlet for the High Altar. ' Dene Say ' on the latter.

Item. A set of white bawdekyn, orphrey of cloth of gold, worked with golden pheasants and roses ; cope worked with golden stars and red and blue flowers in silk. Six other copes to match.

Item. Another set of white bawdekyn, orphrey of red bawdekyn, worked with golden flowers and green and red damask flowers and golden branches, also a cope to match.

Item. A set of blue bawdekyn, chasuble worked on back with a Crucifix, the Virgin Mary, St John, St. Mary Magdalene, and St Stephen tabernacled, the field with golden pheasants and swans with two necks*, and red and white roses. The gift of Walter Trengof ' upon condition that his obit should be celebrated on the Vigil of St. George the Martyr (April 22), and this vestment used at Requiem. Also a cope bought to match.

Item. Another set of blue bawdekyn, orphrey of red satin, with a ' trayle ' of gold, worked with lions, hares, red and white flowers, and green boughs ; also seven copes bought to match.

Item. Another set of blue bawdekyn, orphrey of red bawdekyn, worked with golden pheasants and hounds ; a cope to match.

Item. A set of green bawdekyn, orphrey of red silk worked with white silk flowers, golden * cockys ' and white roses, with a cope.

Item. A set of green bawdekyn with blue ground. Orphrey of red and white silk worked with golden hinds and green stars, also three copes to match. Two frontals for the high altar and two for the inferior ones.

Item. Two other vestments of the same sort for the inferior altars.

Item. Two sets of brown bawdekyn ; orphreys of green and red silk, worked with golden lions, birds and animals, for the inferior altars.

Item. A vestment of red bawdekyn mixed with white silk, orphrey of blue silk worsted with golden lions and white silk chains.

Item. Two vestments of red bawdekyn, orphrey of cloth of gold, worked with golden birds and beasts and boughs of blue silk.

' A cloth of silk, originally from Bagdad.

' * Cigni duplices.' The tavern sign is therefore not necessarily a corruption of the swan with two nicks on its beak for the purpose of identification. • Probably from the vestry at Barton.

Warden Rede. 233

Item. Two others of red bawdekyn, orphrey of green silk, worked with golden bh'ds and boughs of white silk and gold thread in the ground.

Item. A set of red bawdekyn, orphrey of blue silk, chasuble worked on the back with golden lions, birds and hinds, with green boughs and flowers, and golden hinds in the ground.

Item. A set of white silk, orphrey of cloth of gold, golden boughs and flowers in the ground.

Item. A set of white silk, orphrey of red satin. The chasuble figured with a Crucifix, the Virgin Mary and damask flowers on the back. Given by Master Raynys.

Item. A set of black silk, orphrey of blue velvet, with gold stars and a silver lion, and boughs and flowers of green silk in the ground ; a cope to match.

Item. A set of blue silk, orphrey of * redesay * worked with stars of 'coop gold ^' and six copes to match.

Item. Two vestments of purple satin, orphrey of green silk worked with lions, peacocks and blue garters. The gift of Dean Say.

Item. A set of white silk, orphrey of red silk, chasuble with a Crucifix^ the Virgin and Saint John in white silk ; nine copes to match.

Item. A set of red silk ; orphrey of blue silk, with flowers in white silk. For the inferior altars.

Item. A set of red silk; orphrey of blue silk, worked with golden hounds and hinds and roses and pheasants in white silk in the ground.

Item. Another vestment of the same.

Item. A frontal for the high altar, two for the inferior altars ; eight copes and two desk cloths to match.

Item. A vestment of red silk for Advent and Septuagesima.

Item. One of black and green satin, orphrey of red satin worked with grey velvet for Requiem or double festivals.

Item. One of blue silk, orphrey of red satin embroidered with gold, and roses and animals in the field, for one of the inferior altars.

Item. Three copes of red and white damask paled', given by Warden Cleve, also two frontals of the same for the high altar and three for the inferior altars.

* Qy. Copper or red gold. ' Striped horizontally.

234 Annals of IVinchester College.

Item. Ten copes of red silk, orphreys of blue silk worked with lions in gold, and scrolls under their feet, lettered pur amour.

Item. Four palls of red bawdekyn.

Item. In the Chest. A piece of red and a piece of white damask.

Item. Four girdles of red silk.

Item. A set of vestments of white fustian, orphrey of red silk, with damask flowers for the inferior altars. The gift of Master John Hamond.

Item. Another set of green bordalisandre, with the Name of Jesus on the back of the chasuble. For the inferior altars.

Item. A set of white fustian with three copes to match.

Item. Another set, with orphrey of red tartaryn.

Item. Two frontals for the High Altar of white fustian, powdered with red roses and green boughs, and the Salutation in the middle ; also two frontals for inferior altars.

Item. A set of vestments of white fustian for High Altar, the orphrey of red silk ; for Quadragesima.

Item. Two white vestments of the same for inferior altars, and three desk cloths.

Item. A white vestment of fustian, orphrey of green silk with damask flowers.

Item. A vestment of black * say ' for Requiem, with orphrey of red say, the Sepulchre on the back.

Item. A set of checker, the orphrey of checker velvet.

Item. Two other sets of the same sort, and five copes for inferior altars.

Item. Two sets of white bordalisandre, the orphrey of red bordalisandre, the field worked with leaves and red roses, for inferior altars.

Item. A vestment of red bordalisandre ; two cloaks for Advent and Septuagesima, and three copes to match.

Item. Another of white fustian, the orphrey of green satin worked with gold ; for the mass of the Virgin.

Item. Another of worsted, orphrey of the same ; for Requiem.

Item. Two frontals of worsted, Norwich work, for daily use ; and four frontals to match, for inferior altars. The gift of Dr. Selott \

Item. Five banner cloths of linen stayned.

* Antef p. 335.

Warden Rede. 235

Church and other plate in the same year : —

Jocalia donata Collegio beate Marie Wynton. ppe civitatem Wynton. per Dnffi Willmuiii de Wykeham Wjmton. EpOm fundatorem dicti Collegii et alios benefactores successive ad laudem Dei ad

honorem dicti Collegii et eorundem benefactorum memoriam per- petuam.

OUNCBS.

Imprimis. Six alver goblets, one silver gilt cover ; the gift

of Dr. Yong 82

Item. Three silver gilt cups (ciphi), with one silver gilt

cover ; the gift of Mr. Ashbome 84

Item. A silver standing cup with gilt lid ; the gift of Roger

Mapull 99!

Item. Do. The gift of Dr. Lavander 26^

Item. Do. The gift of Dr. Mayhew ..... 21}

Item. Do. The gift of Clyff, Fromond's Chaplain . . 18}

Item. Two silver gilt cups and covers, called the Rose

pieces 36}

Item. A great silver cup with gilt cover, the gift of Andrew

Hulse 66

Item. Two silver standing cups, with gilt covers, the gift

of Mr. Ashborne 46}

Item. A silver standing cup with gilt cover, three hounds

at its foot 21}

Item. A silver standing cup with cover and an eagle on it 26^

Item. A silver gilt cup called ' le spice dyssh,' enamelled . 12

Item. Three silver cups with one cover; the gift of

Warden Cleve 118

Item. A silver cup and cover 16J

Item. Three silver cups and one cover, marked * T ' and

'A' on the bottom 23)

Item. A silver basin with the Founder's Arms ... 5a

Item. A silver ewer (lavatorium) with a hare on its top • 16

Item. A silver basin and ewer with the Founder's Arms ;

the gift of Warden Cleve ii5i

Item. A silver basin and ewer with the Founder's Arms ;

the gift of Warden Cleve 113

Item. A silver basin ; the gift of Hugh Sugar • • • 43

Item. A silver basin and ewer 53.

Item- Two silver pots (ollae) • 44 J

Item. Two silver salts and one silver cover. ... 36

^36

Annals of Winchester College.

OUNCES.

14

16

15 II

8

as

18} 9

Item. Four silver salts and one silver cover

Item. Three silver gilt spoons • . • •

Item. Twelve silver spoons with * pinnacles '

Item. Twelve silver spoons, six marked ' Margarett/ six

marked *Batt'

Item. Twelve silver spoons with a mayden's hedde

Item. Eleven silver spoons marked with a lion .

Item. Fourteen silver spoons with a diamond •

Item. Twenty-four silver spoons, eighteen with an acorn, and six with ' pinnacles '

Item. Three silver spoons with a diamond .

Item. Twelve silver spoons with round

Item. Twelve silver spoons with a diamond

Item. Fifteen silver spoons

Item. A nutt with a blue knoppe and cover.

Item. A nutt and cover with three stags at its foot

Item. A nutt and cover with silver knoppe.

Item. A nutt with a cover and a round knoppe.

Item. A nutt and cover marked ' b.'

Item. Six nutts and five covers.

Jocalia donata capellae Collegii supra dicti p. prefatum WiUeimom de Wykeham et alios benefactores. aemcB.

Imprimis. Two silver basins with the Founder's Arms . 90

Item. Two silver basins with the Arms of England and

France 114

Item. Two silver gilt basins with three white lions under- neath 113

Item. A silver gilt basin with two blue lions inside . . x6

Item. A silver gilt ewer embossed iS

Item. A pix of crystal (berillum) mounted in silver gih, with a cover and foot, and ymages of Jesus Christ, die Blessed Virgin and St John on the top, and three precious stones 71

Item. A silver cup with gilt lid, and figures <^ divers

animals inside aof

Item. Another silver cup with gilt cover and enamelled

bosses 40

Item. A jewel with a crystal on its top or cover ... 5^

Item. Three silver gih pixes 13^

Warden Rede. 237

OUNCBS.

Item. A silver gilt chrismatory set with stones ... 24

Item. A great silver gilt thurible 72

Item. Another silver gilt thurible 49

Item. Two other silver gilt thuribles 63

Item. Two other silver thuribles 76

Item. Another silver thurible with dragons. . . . a8

Item. Two silver candlesticks 97

Item* Two other silver candlesticks wreathed ... 5a

Item. Two other silver gilt candlesticks .... 62

Item. Two other candlesticks swaged \ with two silver

phials 31

Item. A silver incense boat (navis) with spoon . . . 17!

Item. A small bell, silver gilt 5

Item. Two phials, silver gilt 13}

Item. Four other silver phials 14 J

Item. A silver holy water pot and sprinkler ... 50

Item. Another 32

Item. Another, silver gilt 29

Item. A tabernacle of gold, with precious stones and pearls, and ymages of the Holy Trinity and the Blessed Virgin in crystal * 36

Item. Two gold phials with the arms of England and France 13} Item. A silver ymage of the Blessed Virgin and child,

seated' 154

Item. Two ymages of the Blessed Virgin and the Arch- angel Gabriel supporting a silver gilt bowl, with a lily and a Crucifix 152

Item. A great tabernacle with 3rmages of the Blessed Virgin and Child, and an Angel on either side holding a candlestick in his hands, with an ymage of St. Paul above 142

Item. A silver gilt ymage of the Blessed Virgin and Child

standing 28J

Item. An ymage of St. Swithun, silver gilt .... 29I Item. A great collar of silver gilt, set with precious stones. Item. Another great collar set with stones, an Agnus Dei

and Blessed Virgin engraved on the back ... 12

* Embossed. * Given by Henry VI.

' Probably the one g^iven by Cardinal Beaufort

438 Annals of Winchester College.

OUNCES.

Item. A pax (osculatorium pads) of silver gilt, enamelled, with 3rmages of the Crucifix the Blessed Virgin and St. John .....••... 18

Item. Another pax of silver gilt, engraved with ymages of the Crucifix, the Blessed Virgin, and St John and twenty-four white roses la

Item. A small pax, silver gilt, engraved with an ymage of

the Crucifix 2*}

Another pax of silver, engraved with the ymage of Jesus

Christ, and gilt 2

Item. Another pax of silver gilt, with ymages of the

Virgin and Child, and white and red roses . • . 5

Item. Another pax of silver gilt, with an ymage of the

Crucifix set with stones and Inscribed with the Gospels 5

Another pax of silver gilt, with an ymage of the Saviour

inscribed with the Epistles 3

Item. Another pax, with ymages of St. Peter and St. Paul,

inscribed with the Epistles and Gospels ... 5

Item. A jewel of silver with a relique a

Item. A cross of silver gilt and a Crucifix, with the

Founder's Arms . aia}

Item. Another cross of silver gilt 113

Item. Another cross of silver gilt 53

Item. A chalice of gold, holding two quarts, and a paten,

with the sign of the Cross on its foot .... lof

Item. A chalice of gold and a paten with the Crucifix on it aa}

Item. A chalice and paten of silver gilt. The chalice has the Crucifix, the Blessed Virgin, and St John on it, and a paten is enamelled with an ymage of the Holy Trinity a6

Item. A chalice and paten of silver gilt. The paten has the Crucifix, the Blessed Virgin and St. John, and is inscribed 'Jesus Christe.' The paten has the ymage of God seated with outstretched hands, is inscribed * Miserere mei Deus.' ....... aa|

Item. A chalice and paten of silver gilt The chalice has the Crucifix, the Blessed Virgin and John, and is in- scribed ' John Bedell ' ; the paten has a vernacle •

Item. A chalice and paten of silver gilt The paten has the Crucifix, the Blessed Virgin and St John in enamel, and the words *Jesu Christe.' The paten has the passion of St. Thomas the Martyr a65

Item. A chalice and paten of silver gilt The chalice has the Crucifix with flowers ; the paten has a vernacle and the word 'Jesu' ai

Warden Rede. 239

OUNCESt

Item. A chalice and paten of silver gilt. The chalice has the Crucifix between two trees, the paten has an ymage of the Holy Trinity 15J

Item. A chalice and paten of silver gilt The chalice has the Crucifix, the Blessed Virgin and St. John in enamel, the paten has the ymage of the Saviour seated with outstretched hands, in enamel 27

Item. A chalice and paten of silver gilt. The chalice has the Crucifix, the Blessed Virgin and St. John in enamel, the paten has the ymage of the Saviour in enamel, with three flowers de luce 24

Item. A chalice and paten. The chalice has the Crucifix,

the paten an Agnus Dei 16

Item. A chalice and paten. The chalice has the Crucifix, the Blessed Virgin and St. John in enamel, the paten has the Holy Trinity and the words 'Benedicamus Patrem' and 'Jesu' 24

Item. A chalice of silver gilt with the Virgin and Child, and the words ' Jesu Christe fill Dei,' and a paten with ' Dominus protector vite mee' 19

Item. A chalice and paten of silver gilt. The chalice enamelled with the Crucifix in white, and the paten with an ymage of God seated in blue 26

Item. A chalice and paten of silver gilt, with 'Jesu Christe' on the chalice, and 'Benedicamus Patrem et Filium ' on the paten 18

Total:—

Silver 3892 oz.

Gold 91J „

Most of this plate was seized in the sixth year of Edward VI by the Commissioners who were appointed in that year to survey church ornaments. The plate belonging to the Cathedral and other churches of Winchester appears by the following inventory to have been seized only five weeks before the King's death. The original is in the muniment room at the College : —

* This Indenture made the first of June in the seventh yere of of sovereigne Lorde Edwarde the sixt &c witnessethe that S' Francis Jobson Km, Treasurer of the Kinge's Matie's Juels and Plate hath received three parcels of plate hereafter ensuyng of the right

240 Annals of Winchester CoUege.

reverend father in God John, Busshop of Winchester', S' John Kingsmyll, Knt. and Richard Bythell, Mayor of the Cytie of Win- chester, Commissioners autorysed and deputed by the King's Matie for surveying, collecting, and gathering of all the plate and other ornaments belonging to the Cathedrall Churche and other parishes and chapels within the said Cytie of Winchester. That is to say : Two candyllstickes of silver guilte, oone monstrance of silver guilte, oone pyxe of silver guilte and thre chalices of silver guilte with their patens of silver guilte ; the same parcel being now sealed, the clere silver guilte thereof weighing six hundred twenty and nine ounces. Item two basons of silver parcel guilte, two censers parcel guilte, three crewetts parcel guilte, oone holy water pot with ye sprinkell parcel guilte, two plates of a Gospell booke parcel guilte, and the plate of oone side of an epistell booke parcel guilte, one crucifix parcel guilte, oone chrismatory parcel guilte, oone crosier stafie with plates of silver parcel guilte, oone pontyficall ringe, oone crosse parcel guilte, six chalices parcel guilte, foure panells of a chaire parcel guilte, the same panels being now defaced, the clear silver parcel guilte therof weighing foure hundred and one ounces. Item two crosses of silver white, two crewetes of silver, oone belle of silver, oone small stave of silver, foure litell plates of a crosse of burrall (beryl or crystal), two plates more of two staves of silver, and foure litell bauUes of silver, the same parcel being now defaced, the clere silver therof weighing two hundred and twelve ounces. So the whole sum of the clere silver guilte, parcel guilte and white delivered into the handes of the sayd Sir Francis by the sayd Comis- sioners appertayning to the above sayd Cytie of Winchester amounteth together in all to oone thousand, two hundred and forty- two ounces. And oone myter garnysshed with silver and guilte sett with counterfeit stones and seede peerle undefaced. And oone ring of silver and guilte sett with counterfeit stones and undefaced : which myter with the sayd ringe and the other thynges upon the m3rter weigheth together three score and eight ounces, the myter lacking many stones and pearles. In witnesse wherof the sayde S' Frauncis and the Commissioners aforesaide hath enterchangeably to this indenture sette their handes and scales the daye and yere above written.'

* Memorandum, that there was brought into the Juelhouse at the delivery all the sayd parcels a crosse of burrall broken garnysshed wyth silver aboue expressed in the name of iiij litell plates of a crosse of burrall, being as expressed broken and of small value, was by the sayde Commissioners lefl in the sayd Juelhouse as a thynge of no charge ne value.'

' Poynet.

Warden Rede. 341

The plate belonging to the College was most likely sei2ed a little earlier. There is extant a copy of a letter dated May ag 1553, from the Council to the Commissioners, enjoining them to spare the plate of Winchester College \ which came too late. Warden White seems to have had hopes of getting the money which it fetched; for there is a draft in his handwriting of an intended acquittance for a (blank) sum of money realized by the sale of * certayn church stuffe out of the sayd Colledge * ; but I cannot find that any money was ever received under this head.

In the year 1526, John Twychener or Towchener (adm. 1515) succeeded Erlisman as schoolmaster, at the age of twenty-four years. Twychener retired after less than five years' service to a stall in Chichester Cathedral, and his brother Richard (adm. 1518) succeeded to the vacant throne.

John Philpot (adm. 1526) became Archdeacon of Winchester. It is matter of history that he was tried by the Southwark Commission, and, after lying a year and a half in jail, suffered death at the stake in Smithfield, on December 18, 1557. He is the first Wykehamist, that is to say, the first man styled so in the records of the College, and that in a way which shows that the term was a familiar one in his day. As Archdeacon he had taken proceedings in the Arches Court against the College. I suppose that his views and those of White on the subject of ritual were divergent. The Bursars paid 6s. 8rf. for a copy of the process, and enter the items in a way which implies regret that a Wykehamist should put his old College into the spiritual Court: — 'Sol. pro copift processQs Joh. Phylpot, olim Wyke- hamiste alumni nunc Archidiaconi Wynton. adv. Coll. in curift de arcubus yj» viij^.* Luckily for the Society, Edward's death happened, and a few lines later we find ' Sol. W^ Aleyn procura- tori xv» et pro inhibitione pro Phylpot iij« iiij^.* *0f all the

' ' Whereas ye were lately appointed by the King's Migesty Commissioners to survey and make sale of certayne of the Churche goodes within that countye of Southampton. Forasmuch as it is fyt that New Colledge of Wynchesler within the same countye being a member of th'universitye of Oxon should have and enjoy such libertyes as the saide Universitye doth, His Matie is pleased that the said Colledge shall have and enjoy all their plate and other ornaments belonging to their church, so as they convert the same from monuments of superstition to necessarye and godlye uses for the better maintenance of the Colledge.'

R

a4^ -Annals of Winchester College.

Marian martjrrs/ says Fuller {Church Hist, viii, xvi), ' he was the best bom gentleman.'

In the year 1528 a question between the College and one Master Wayte, of what nature does not appear, was left to Master Coke, the 'towne clerke/ to arbitrate upon. His modest fee was 3s. 4^. He received a similar fee in 1529 'in caus& Collegii contra ducem de Suffolke ' touching the right to trees standing on Shaw Heath, within the College Manor. The action was tried in the summer of 1530. The College won it. Regards to the judges of assize and to some of the jury- men 'pro lite determinanda * appear in the accounts of the year. Holmys, the Duke's secretary, was paid 35. 41/. for writing letters to the Judges. Mr. Pheteplace, who led for the College, had fees amounting to 33s. 9^. A Mr. Carter was paid 225. 6rf. 'pro diploide de Sat3m/ probably a copy of the depositions on satin for the use of the judge who tried the action. Fish sent to the Judges' lodgings afterwards cost the Society 5s.

In order, I suppose, to assert his prerogative as legate a latere Cardinal Wolsey directed an extraordinary visitation of the College towards the close of the year 1528. His commis- sary. Dr. Aleyn, had no reason to complain of his reception. He received a gratuity of 305., and the Warden escorted him to Southampton when he had finished the business. The ordinary visitation took place soon afterwards, on March 12; Dr. Incent, the Vicar-General, left his Commission behind him, and it is preserved in the muniment room. In the following year Wolsey pleaded guilty to the charge oipremunire which he had incurred by accepting the commission of legate a latere from the Pope. The plea of guilty vacated ipso facto the See of Winchester which he then held; and Dr. Bryten, whom he had just empowered to hold a fresh visitation of the College, was obliged to get his commission endorsed by Archbishop Warham before he could proceed. This circumstance made the visitation of 1529 a metropolitical one. The next visitation, in 1532, was also metropolitical, the See of Winchester being still vacant through the king keeping it, as is said, for his cousin Cardinal Pole.

The computus roll of 1531 has for a frontispiece a skilful pen and ink drawing of the instruments of our Lord's Passion

Warden Rede. 243

such as is usually called a vernacle. The Bursars of the year were Robert Roberts and Thomas Beche.

Some table linen mentioned in the roll of 1532, 'Sol M^ Gressame {sic) pro xv virgat. ly dyaper per virgat. i^ cum viij^ pro carriagio xxx« viij^/ must have been bought of a member of the Gresham family, possibly Sir John Gresham, the uncle to whom Sir Thomas Gresham was apprenticed, inasmuch as Sir John was a member of the Mercer's Company.

The Warden and some of the Fellows spent February and March, 1531-2, in London, on the business of a small farm at Headbourne Worthy, near Winchester, known as Worthy Pauncefote then, and as Pudding House now. In the result it appeared that the farm in question belonged to the Corporation of Winchester as trustees or keepers for St. John's Hospital, and it was given up to them under an award of Gardiner, the new Bishop of Winchester, with a sum of 66s. 8rf. for mesne profits. Gardiner paid a visit of ceremony to the College early in the year 1533, and accepted a present of an ox and six sheep for his household. He came again in 1534, and dined in Hall. A hogshead of claret was ordered, so that it must have been a large party ; and the Bishop's cooks received a fee of 7s. ' pro preparacione prandii eiusdem.* Gardiner was a 'specialis amicus * of the Society, who owed to him the concession for the College mill, which was built in 1539 outside Non licet gate. A license granted by him to the College, under date of April 6, 1542, to erect certain structures on the bank of the mill-stream, has attached to it a perfect example of his episcopal seal. He came again in Lent, 1536, and did not stay to dinner, but accepted a present of two salted salmon and eight eels, * pro favore suo habendo,' as the computus tells us. He dined in Hall on Midsummer Day in the same year, with the Abbot of Hyde * and a number of country gentlemen and clergy.

Under cusius capellae in the year 1534 I find the following items : —

* Sol. Giles Rouse carpentario laboranti xij dies pro refeccione de le brassis, cum iiij^ pro expensis Hen. Meynell equitant. ad Hampton pro brassis emendandis, vij" iiij^. • • . £t Sol. per man*

' Dr. John Salcot or Capon, the last abbot, who had just been promoted to the See of Bangor for his services in educating public opinion at the University of Cambridge in favour of the divorce from Catherine of Aragon.

R 2

244 Annals of Winchester College.

datum custodis pro le sylke ryband et pro j unciS ami venetie (gold leaf) pro vestimentis et capis emendandis, cum vij" yj* pro v virgat de fustyan pro reparacione vestimentorum de nigro velveto ex dono Doctoris Chandler (the Warden) et ij" pro vecturS eorundem ex Londin., ut patet per billam, xvij* ix*.'

Fourteen gallons ' vini cretici ' at i6rf., and thirteen gallons of red wine were bought for mass, and 8rf. was paid ' pro vino clareto ' (quantity not stated) ' empt. pro M«> Keyt * (the sacrist) * pro celebracione missarum, quia non potuit alio vino celebrare.* The reason for this peculiarity is not recorded. A similar entry occurs in the roll for the year 1535. The following entry, 'Sol. Ric. Cossam, vitriatori, pro reparacione fenestrarum in ecclesiS cum iijd pro communis suis xj^/ affords the first instance of the use of the word ' ecclesia ' for ' capella,' which became universal under the Reformation. In the roll for the following year a sum of 75. 6d. is entered as paid 'pro rupturft pavimenti in nave ecclesiae ' — for breaking the ground on the occasion of the interment of Henry Gambon, one of the Fellows, following a mysterious entry of ' Sol. pro browne week, xx<i, whyt week, ij* vij<*, torch week, xx^.' ' Whyt week * may have been Whitsuntide, and ' torch week ' the week of St. John Baptist's day and its torchlight celebration ; but what was ' browne week ' ? Was it the week including Ash Wednesday ? and for what were these payments made, and to whom ? These entries occur this once only.

' Sol. fabro ferrario pro emissione sanguinis yj equorum viij^ * reminds us of a practice which prevailed at the time, and for a century or more afterwards. The Sangrados satisfied them- selves that periodical blood-letting was good for man, and the farriers followed suit.

There were two visitations of the College in the year 1536. The first, on June 16, was by Dr. Cook, a delegate of Cranmer, who seems to have ignored the fact that the See of Winchester was full. The next, a few weeks later, was by Cromwell as Vicegerent of the King in ecclesiastical matters. Crom- well appears to have conducted the visitation in person, and accepted a present of a salt from the College plate chest: — ' Sol. pro reparacione unius salsarii dat. W^ Cromwell secre- tario DnI Regis pro favore suo habendo in causis Collegii, v«xd.'

Warden Rede. 245

The King himself was at Wolvesey on Sept 21, and deigned to accept a present of two oxen, ten sheep, and twelve capons which the Society sent, as the computus says, ' pro favore suo habendo in causis tangentibus Collegium/

Of the scholars who were elected in 1537, it maybe remarked that four became schoolmasters, — Evered and Hyde at Winchester, Grene at Bedford, and Fuller I know not where. Nicholas Sanders, spelled Sawnder in the Register, (adm. 1540), was Sanders the Jesuit. After graduating at New College, and holding the professorship of Canon Law in the University of Oxford, he became Queen Mary's Latin secretary. Retiring to Louvain on the accession of Queen Elizabeth, he took priest's orders, and graduated D.D. In an evil hour he accepted a mission to Ireland, in connection with the Earl of Desmond's movement, and, being deserted by his followers, died of cold and hunger about the year 1580. Readers of Kingsley^s Westward Ho! are familiar with the story of his fate.

CHAPTER XV.

Warden White (1541-54).

White's career. — Becomes Bishop of Lincoln, then of Winchester.— His mis- fortune under Queen Elizabeth. — His benefaction to New College. — City of Winchester fee farm rent — Hops in Sickhonse Mead. — Brewhouse statis* tics. — Exchange with Henry VIII. — ^The College evicted from Enford.— Compensation by Edward VI. — St. Elizabeth's College. — ^Why pulled down. — Moundsmere, a refuge in time of plague. — Richard Bethell. — Provisioos in 1546. — Lease of Stoke Park. — Obits abolished. — Dame Elizabeth Shelley. — Changes of ritual. — Progress expenses. — Schoolmasters Baylie, Evered, Hyde. — Romanizing Wykehamists under Queen Elizabeth. — Swans kept. — Queen Mary^s visit — ^Waterwork.

John White became Warden in January, 1541. He was schoolmaster at the date of his election, having succeeded the younger Twychener in 1537 at the age of twentyseven. Perhaps his ambition was satisfied with the Wardenship ; at any rate, judging from the inscription on his brass, he was content to die Warden \ But his chief object in writing his own epitaph

' ' Hie tegor, hie post fata Whitus propono jacere

Scriptor loannes carminis ipse mei. Sjn alibi sors est putrescere, qui mens esset

Tunc patior tumulus fiat ut alterius. Ne sine honore tenax sine nomine linqueret hcrcs

Id timui exemplis turbor et inde novis. Ingratl heredes: phas nil sperare sepulto

Ore tenus; putei spes in amicitiA. Nee mihi fama tamen de marmore quaeritur — (sic)

Sed spes magna pi is ponitur in precibus. Hoc custode avet hie, hoe preceptore avet ille,

Hoeque puer puero (dixerit alter) eram. Paree Deus socio, custodi, parce magistro,

Hoc avet, ille avet hoc, hoe etiam alter avet Septem annos docui ; quae lux postrema docendi

Ista preessendi munere prima fuit. Mutavit mihi non minuit fortuna labores,

Curaque non modicis rebus adaueta mihi. Nunc subeat lector, quia sancta est atque salubris

Res pro defuncto fratre rogare Deum.'

Warden White. 247

was to put on record his conviction of the efficacy of prayers for the dead. If he really thought that he should die Warden, he was wrong, for Queen Mary made him Bishop of Lincoln in 1554, and on Gardiner's death translated him to Winchester, July 6, 1556^ He was a staunch Romanist, and on the accession of Queen Elizabeth refused the oath of supremacy ; in other words, refused to declare that 'the Queen's Highness is the only supreme governor of this realm, as well as in all spiritual and ecclesiastical things or causes, as temporal,' and was declared to have forfeited his bishopric in consequence. He had already been committed prisoner to the Tower for offence given to the Queen in his funeral sermon upon Queen Mary. Sir John Harrington says of him : —

* He was bom of a worshipful house in the diocese of Winchester ', and became after Warden of Winchester : thence for his great learning and virtuous life preferred to the Bishopric of Lincoln, after upon the death of Stephen Gardiner made Bishop of Winchester : wherefore of him I may say that his fame did well outrun his name, and so all men would say (how contrary soever to him in religion) but for one black sermon that he made : yet for the colour it may be said he kept decorum^ because that was a funeral sermon of a great Queen both by birth and marriage, I mean Queen Mary. But the ofifence taken against him was this. His text was out of Eccles. iv. 3, '' Laudari mortuos magis quam viventes, et feliciorem utroque judicari qui necdum natus est'," &nd speaking of Queen Mary, her high parentage, her bountiful disposition, her great gravity, her rare devotion (praying so much, as he affirmed, that her knees were hard with kneeling), her justice and clemency in restoring noble houses to her own loss and hindrance, and lastly her grievous yet patient death, he fell into such an unfeigned weeping that for a long space he could not speak. Then recovering himself, he said, "She had left a sister to succeed her, a lady of great worth also, whom they were bound to obey : for (saith he) melior est cants vivus leone mortuo, and I hope she shall reign long and prosperously over us : but I must say still with my text Laudari mortuos magis quam viventes :

' The story goes that Cardmal Pole, who had the sequestration of the tempor- alities of the See afler Gardiner's death, was unwilling to part with it ; and that VHiite had to agree to pay £1000 a year to Pole, in order to secure his transla- tion to V^inchester.

^ Son of Robert White of Famham, and a younger brother of Sir John White, citizen and grocer of London, who was Lord Mayor in 1563 and M.P. for London in 1566 and 157 L

' M^ ipvvai jbv catairra vuc^ Koyov, Soph. Oed. Col. 1235.

248 Annals of Winchester College.

for certain it is, Maria opiimam partem etegiV Thus he, at which Queen Elizabeth taking just indignation put him in prison \ yet would proceed no further to his deterioration, though some would have made that a more heinous matter.'

Strype says that White, 'although he had liberty to walk abroad, would not be quiet, but would needs preach, which he did seditiously in his Romish Pontifical vestments. For which he was committed to prison. But upon his acknowledgment of his errors* he was set free, and died at liberty at Sir Thomas White's ' place in Hants.' He died at South Wamborough, Jan. II, 1559-60, and is buried in Winchester Cathedral with- out a monument to his memory. His arms, ' party per chevron crenelle, or and gules, three roses counterchanged slipped proper, on a chief of the second, three hour glasses of the first,* used to be in one of the windows of Fromond's Chantry, and are now in a window at St. Cross Hospital. These arms corre- spond with the arms of Btshop White in New College Hall, and are blazoned thus by Wood \ His arms on the brass in the College Chapel are, 'Three plates charged with three bars wavy az. a mullet (3rd son) for a difference.' The following arms, 'Azure, on a cross quarterly ermine and or between four falcons, argent, billed of the third, a fish between as many lozenges of the field,' on stained glass with other Bishops' arms in an old window in No. 10, The Close, are given by Burke as belonging to Bishop White, and are borne by Mr. Francis White- Popham, who is of the Bishop's family.

Before his death. White conveyed to the two Societies his manor of Hall place, in the parish of Mitchelmersh, and all his lands in that parish and in the parish of Romsey, of the yearly value of £10, to the intent that the Warden and Fellows of New College and their successors for ever should pay 13s. 4^/. to every scholar who should be admitted a Fellow of New College, on the day of his admission. Provided that in time of extreme want and scarcity of food within the city of Oxford the whole profits of the estate might be employed, with the consent

' Compare what happened to Bishop Rudd for touching on the infirmities of age in a sermon preached before the Queen in 1596, when she was quite an old woman, Fuller, Church History^ x, xvii.

' This I doubt White never would have acknowledged them to be errors.

' Whose daughter was wife to Sir John White, the Warden's brother.

* Andquitits of Oxford, p. 196.

Warden White. 249

of the Visitor, to the common support of the College ' until yt shal please Almighty God to send better plentie or better chepe vytall wythin the said Cytie of Oxford/ This interesting deed is dated i Nov. i Eliz., and has attached to it impressions of the common seals of the two Colleges and of the Bishop, and is signed 'J oh Whit' at the foot. There is extant in the muniment room a copy of a receipt given by Warden Stempe (date December 18, 3 Eliz.) to White's executors, John White, a London merchant, afterwards Lord Mayor, and the Lady Ann White, the late Warden's brother and sister, for his crosier staff, some plate, and a 'table carpet,' which he had bequeathed to the College.

Cusius forinsecus in 1541 : — ' Sol. M'® Hervy vicario de Ysel- worth ij die Nov. pro dimidift parte biblie pro ecclesia de Ysel- worth ix« vi^.* Under Cranmer's Injunction of 1536 a Bible in English as well as in Latin had to be placed in every parish church ; and in this instance the Society, as lay rectors, seem to have divided the cost with the Churchwardens. An item of 125. *pro magn^ bibliS' appears under cusius capellae next year. Also 45. 8rf. for eight lbs. of incense, and 75. 6rf, for forty-five images for vestments, bought in London by the Warden — an odd mix- ture of things new and old.

Here may be noticed a long pending question between the College and the citizens of Winchester touching the amount of * tarrage ' or chief rent payable in respect of house property belonging to the College within the city walls. The question was adjusted in 1537, when John Hall was Mayor and John Godfrey and Edmond Forster were bailiffs, * through the media- tion of friends,* the College agreeing to pay 2s. 8rf. per annum in future. This agreement was renewed in 1542, when John Skillicome was Mayor, and John Rychards and William Law- rence were bailiffs. This 25. 8rf. continues to be paid to the Corporation. The following entry in the computus roll of 1542 has reference to it : —

* Sol. ballivis Wynton. xxij die Nov. in presentia praetoris et omnium fratnim suorum tempore curie (the Boroughmote) tente in comuni aula ut decretum fuit inter ipsos et diim custodem pro quieto redditu pro terris et tenementis infra civitatem Wynton., ij» viij*.'

25P Annals of IVinckesler College.

There is an old adage, of vrtiich one form is : —

'Hops and Turkeys, Carps and Beer Came into England in one year.'

The first reference to hops occurs in the computus roll of 1542 : ' SoL Will. Robyns pro cxzxvij lb luporum cum viij" pro cariagio, xviij" ix<*/ which is at the rate of not quite a penny the pound. These were foreign hops, which were brought from the Thames up the Old Bourne to a wharf at the foot of Hol- bom Hill, where the carrier to Winchester loaded them on pack-horses. Hops are mentioned in the brewhouse accounts every year from 1542, except between the years 1548-60, when the Society, for no known reason, ceased to brew. These foreign hops were expensive; the cost of carriage, too, was 75. 3rf. per cwt. ; and in 1564 the Society began to grow their own hops, planting the sets in part of Sickhouse Mead : * Item Edmundo Bulbycke fodienti hortum pro lupis salictariis^ plan- tandis xxxij*' occurs in the Bursars' book for 1564; and it appears by an entry in the book for the next year that the sets cost 105. per thousand. When the hop garden was in full bearing it yielded from a cwt. and a half to two cwt. of hops. It was therefore probably not more than a quarter of an acre in extent This quantity of hops was not nearly enough, and in 1573 the Society planted the rest of Sickhouse Mead : ' Item Rob^ Wallis laboranti cum famulo xj dies et dim. in fodiendo et preparando reliquam partem horti luporum salictariorum infra precinctum fratrum Carmelitarum, capient. per diem viij^ preter victum, vij« viij^.' The planting and sets cost 42s. &/., a plant- ing tool cost 6(/., and a spade 6d, Ten years later this garden grew four and a half cwt,, which was lucky ; for the three and a half cwt. which they had to buy in that year cost £5 is, srf. The usual price at this time was about 205. per cwt., and the average yearly consumption rather over than under eight cwt. In 1578 this quantity of hops was used to 396 quarters of malt, which works out a little more than 2 lb. to the quarter. At the present time the average consumption of hops for all classes of beer is said to be about a pound and a half to the quarter of malt,

Mr. Bowles in 1738 arrived at the following estimate of the cost of a 'brewlock ' of twenty hhds., or thirty barrels : —

* Plln. 21. 15. 50.

Wat^den White. %si

£ 5. flT.

Fiily bus. malt, at 35. 6</. 8 17 10

Thirteen lbs. hops, at 15. 4^/. o 17 4

Wear and tear, 15. od. per hhd 134

Brewer for labour, coals and faggots . . . . i 10 o

„ for grains and barm ^ 05a

Miller grinding the malt 048

Bread, beer and candles, \d. per hhd 018

£^Z o o

Which is equivalent to 135. per hhd., or 8s. 8rf. per *humber ' of 36 gallons, a little over 2m/. per gallon.

Some of these items, especially the price of the hops, are stated a little high, and one may perhaps put the actual cost of the beer at 12s. per hhd. of 54 gallons, which is the price which the Fellows were and still are charged.

As already stated, the Society brewed no beer between 1548 and 1560, but bought it of common brewers, chiefly of one John Poly or PuUy (whose wife supplied the College with milk), at 165. per tun of 72 gallons. In 1553, to take that year as an example, ninety-six tuns at this price were drunk, besides two tuns of double'beer' at 365., which were drawn at Election. Sixty- eight tuns of small or single beer {simplicis biriae) as well as twenty-one mediae biriae and one of ' dubble beer ' were drawn in 1554* The sum of nine shillings was paid to the Queen's butler in 1559 for a hogshead of royal ale.

In 1544 King Henry VIII made an exchange of lands with the College. He had made one with Eton College in 1531. In fact he was always making exchanges. See the Private Acts of his reign. The object of this exchange was to enlarge the King's hunting ground at Hampton Court, which had been created an honour and called Hampton Court Chase five years previously by Stat. 31 H. VIII. c. 5. Apart from the question of prospective value, which the College probably did not take

* Perquisites of the brewer, which the Society seem to have bought of him, the grain for the pigs, the barm for the bread. One result of not brewing at home in 1548-60 was that barm had to be bought. It cost no less than £4 35. &/. in 1551.

* ' Here's a pot of good double beer, neighbour, drink.' Shakespeare, a Hen* VI. Act ii. Sc. 3.

25^

Annals of Winchester College.

into account, or were not free to consider, the exchange was one of absolute equality; and it must be admitted that some of the land which the Society received, e. g. the site of the Car- melite Friary, possessed an accommodation value for them which was of importance.

The Society gave up : — ai«. ^auie,

£ s. d' The manor and rectory of Harmondsworth, the

rectories of Isleworth, Twickenham, Heston and

Hampton-on-Thames, and the manors of Shaw^

and Colthrop in Berks, of the annual value of . 221 19 10

Together with timber and underwood valued at

£fiig 195., annual value ^th 40 19 10

Total

£1362 19 8

i

The King gave up properties which had belonged to the

following dissolved religious houses : —

£ s. d. Milton Abbey, Dorset

Manor and rectory of Sydling lai 12 9]

Soutkwick Priory i Hants.

Manor of Moundsmere ', Hants 14 8 o

Rectories of Portsea and Portsmouth, and manor of

Stubbington, Hants 40 6 8

Hyde Abbey ^ Winchester.

Manor of Woodmancote, Hants 11 12 8

Manor of Piddletrenthide, Dorset . . . 43 11 sJ

St. Marys Abbey, Winchester. Doggers close o 13 4

Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight.

Two acres called Walpan, in the parish of Chale o 10 a

Priory of St. Swithun, Winchester.

Manor and rectory of Enford, Wilts . . . . 72 13 2} Abbey of Cirencester, Gloucester.

Rectory of Milbome Port, Wilts 18 13 o

Timber valued at ;^39 155., annual value ^th . . i 19 8

* Given by Edward VI in 155a to Edward Fynes, K.G., Lord Clinton and Saye, and Great Admiral of England, Pat. R. 6 Ed. VI. p. 7.

' The Manors of Moundsmere and Stubbington were subject time out of mind to a * modus * or composition for tithes payable to the Crown, and the College had to pay it afler the exchange took place. In 1587 the lay rectors of the parish of Preston Candover, in which the Manor of Moundsmere is situate, claimed the tithes of the lands comprised in the manor. The advisers of the

I

Warden White. 253

Also »tes of the following religious houses in or near Win- chester : —

The 31ackfriars, called *The Prior's Lodgings,' in £ s. d.

Eastgate Street 100

The Carmelites, in Sickhouse Mead • • • . 068

The Grey Friars in the Brool^s o 13 4

The Austin Friars, without Southgate, on the site of

St. Michael's Rectory o 13 4

(sic) £^ 14 3|

Annual value of land given by King. . . . £^ 1^ 3^ „ „ College . . . £262 19 8

Balance in favour of College . . • • £6^ 14 7J

The College paid to the King the sum of £1314 125. irf., being twenty years' purchase of this balance, for equality of exchange.

The exchange was carried into effect by royal letters patent, dated July 11, 1544.

A roll of estates received under this exchange has a note on it stating that ' in the fyfte year of the raigne of our Soveraing Lord and Kynge Edward the Sixte, in the month of Marche, the manor and p'sonage of Endeforde before wrjrtten was at the suyt of Thomas Culpeper, Esquire, evinced and by decre in the Chauncerye adjudged to be exchaunged again with the sayde Kinge. For recompense whereof these six manors fol- lowing were ynder the Kinge's letters patentes geven to the CoUedge, videlicet, Ashe, Langlade, S^uenhampton Denis, Northbradley, Mintern, and Salperton.'

These manors are stated to be of the yearly value of £77 6s. grf. The difference of £5 35. 6\d. between that sum and the yearly value of Enford was charged upon the manor of North Bradley as a fee farm rent payable to the Crown. The history of this affair is as follows. King Henry VIII had granted the manor, rectory and church of Enford to Thomas

College were not aware of the nature of the modus ; and instead of setting it up as a defence to the claim, relied on the absence of evidence that tithes had ever been paid, and were successful. The modus was sold by the Crown after the Restoration, and now forms part of the endowment of a Charity School at East Tytherley.

254 Annals cf Wtnduster College,

Culpqier, the younger, one of the sons of Sir Alexander Culpeper, Knt, and his heirs male^ remainder to Thomas Cul- peper^ the elder, and his heirs male \ Culpeper the younger was attainted and executed in 1542 on a charge of criminal con- versation with Queen Katherine Howard, which was high treason by Stat a8 Ed. Ill, and the King seized the property and gave it to the CoU^^e, as we have seen. Thomas Cul- peper, the elder, conceived that his title as heir of entaQ was unaffected by the attainder, and took proceedings in Chancery to establish his claim. Sir Francis Gawdie^ afterwards Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, advised the Society to defend the suit, and they did so; but after spending £100 in litigation they were decreed to give up the property*.

The six manors given by Edward VI in lieu of Enford had also belonged to religious houses. They were : —

AmcVAun.

Abbey of Cherts^, £ s, d.

Manor of Ashe, Surrey, with advowson of rectory

worth ;^i5 115. ii\d. by the year . . . 11 i o

Preceptory of Templecombe, a cell to the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, Clerkenwell, Manor of Langlode (Longload) Somerset . . . 17 9 o

Abbey of Glastonbury, Manor of Sevenhampton Denis (Seavington), Somerset.

Ann. value 11 9 o

Monastery of Edington, Wilts. Manor of Northbradley, and rectories of North Bradley

and South wick. Ann. value 12 18 2

Abbey ofCeme, Dorset.

Manor of Mintem. Ann. value 13 5 9

Monastery of Cirencester.

Manor of Salperton, Gloucester. Ann. value . . la 2 i

The roll quoted above continues as follows : —

*vi Die Februarii anno v Regis Edwardi Sexti pro gardiano et scholar. Coll. prope Wynton. —

* Stet. 31 Hen. VIII. c. 14 (private).

' ' SoL M'v Bacon (Nicholas Bacon was attorney of the Court of Wards at this time) pro examinacione rotulorum Din regis pro custode, v« . . . Sol. M** Knyghth scribenti copiam attincture Thome Culpeper viij* . . . Sol. M^^ Gawde et Mro Cavell (a Chancery barrister) pro litibus defendendis in causA de Enford XX* ... in regardis dat. M^** Gawde pro consilio suo xx*, eciam M** Cavell pro consilio suo pro un& injunctione concessa in Cancellario xxV

Warden IVhite. 255

*The Kynges Maiesdes pleasure is, whereas the manour of End- forde in the Countie of Wilts w. the p'sonage and vows on of the same being of the clere yerely value of Ixxii^ xiii" iij*, late graunted to the warden and scholars beside Winchester by the late Kinge of famous memorye King Henry the eight in exchaunge of the manours of Harmondsworth Colthrop and others unto whiche sayd manour p'sonage and vowson one Thomas Culpeper Esquire pre- tendeth right and hath impleaded the sayd warden and scholars in the Kinges Maiesties Court of Chauncerye where they are en- joined by the Lorde Chauncellour no further to medle with the sayd Manour parsonage and vowson nor with the profitte of the same : That there shal be apointed unto the sayd Warden and Scholars as recopense of the sayd Manour p'sonage and vowson of End- forde other landeand hereditaments to the like value of Ixxii* xiii» iij** Therefore make a graunt unto ye sayd Warden and Scholars of the Manors of Asshe in the Countie of Surrey with the p'tronage of the vowson of the same the Manors of Langlode and Seuenhampton in the Countie of Somersette the Manor and personage of North- bradlie in the Countie of Wiltes the Manor of Minterne in the Countie of Dorsett and the Manor of Salperton in the Countie of Glouc. amounting in the hole to ye clere yerlye value of Ixxvii* xvi» ix^ which doth excede the value of the sayd Manor of Endefordewiththe p'sonage and ad vowson of the same the some of ciii« vi* J* which is to be repayd unto the Kinges Maiestie in an yerely rent * out of the Manor of Northbradley. The Warden and scholars to have th'issues from Michaelmas last paste. The sayd Warden and Scholars to be bonde to answer the valewe of the woddes after such valewe as they shall prevayle unto.

' Sakevile.'

The 'value of the woddes/ i. e. of the timber and underwood in the foregoing estates, exclusive of some timber at Mounds- mere, which had been felled by Roger Tichbome under a royal warrant, and was therefore not valued, was : —

£ s. d.

Moundsmere 13 15 o

Walpan None.

Stubbington Not valued.

Woodmancote 21 14 4

Enford Not valued.

Sydling Not valued.

* This fee farm rent of;f 5 3s. 6\d. was redeemed by the College in 1794.

2^6 Annals of Winchester College.

Pydeltrenthide : £ s. d.

King Grove Not valued.

Lifeholds 368

Ashe 17 10 o

Mintem 600

Seavington Not valued.

Longload • » 800

Salperton Not valued.

Southwick (North Bradley) .... Not valued.

It is noticeable that the timber was not valued in cases where there was not more than enough for repairs.

The College still holds most of these estates. Salperton and Mintem were sold oflF thirty years ago, and the manor of Milbome Port was given to the Marquis of Anglesey in ex- change for a farm near Sherborne only two or three years before the Reform Bill of 1832 deprived the ancient little borough of Milbome Port of its representatives in Parliament.

The acquisition of the site of St. Elizabeth's College in the same year was a piece of good fortune. The College of St. Elizabeth of Hungary had been founded by John de Pontissara, Bishop of Winchester, in the year 1301, for a provost, six priests, three deacons, and certain young students, who were to wait upon the priests. It stood in what is now the Warden's kitchen garden, facing the cloisters of the College, and was approached from College Street by a lane or passage along the eastern bank of the Warden's stream : —

' The College of St. Elizabeth of Hungarie, made by Pontissara, Bisshop of Winchester, lieth strait est upon the new Colledge, and there is but a litle narrow causey betwixt them '. The Mayne arm and streame of Alsford water, dividid a litle above the Colledge into 2 armes, rennith on each side of the Colledge. . . . Within these 2 arms not far from the very Colledge chirch of St Elizabeth is a chapel of St. Stephen '.'

The foundation of an oblong building in the meadow where the school bathing-place now is, marked ' Site of St. Elizabeth College * on the Ordnance map, is really the site of St. Stephen's chapel. It was founded by Pontissara ', and was one of the

' The path taken by Henry VI, anU p. 194.

* Leland, IHh, vol. ill p. 100.

' ' Ad peticionem executonim testamenti Episcopi Wynton. defunct! petencium, quod cum dictus episcopus in vita sua incepisset quandam capellam de assensu et voluntate Prions Wynton. et conventOs ejusdem loci, in uno prato extra

Warden White. 257

eight churches of which the Bishop of Winchester is stated to be patron. (Reg. Pontiss. 214.) Its site, however, belonged to St. Elizabeth's College. Upon the dissolution of the smaller religious houses in 1536, St. Elizabeth's College fell to the share of Sir Thomas Wriothesley, afterwards Earl of South- ampton. He forthwith sold it to the College for the sum of £360, but imposed a condition that the Society should either pull down the building or convert it into a grammar school before the Pentecost of 154.7, ' for as many children as were then com- monly taught in the new College of Winchester.* The necessary license in mortmain having been obtained, Sir Thomas Wriothesley conveyed the site and precinct to the College by deed dated April 18, 1544. St. Elizabeth's College is described in the deed of sale as * situate in St. Stephen's mead, which is before the gate of the castle or palace of the Bishop of Winchester of Wolvesey nigh the City of Winchester, with its church, belfry, and cemetery, containing four and a half acres, with the appurtenances,' — namely, the tithes of Bishop's mead. Painter's field, Rackclose, and Bishop's field under St. Katherine's Hill.

Milner^ considers that the stipulation that the building should be pulled down if not converted into a grammar school * was calculated to prevent the church from being claimed back for its proper use in any possible change of public affairs.' True. But the stipulation was not of Warden White's making, and it would have been foolish of the Society to decline so eligible an offer because of it. It is more likely that the Society did really think of turning St. Elizabeth's College into a boarding house for Commoners, as Dr. Burton did with the Sustern Spital many years later ; and that Wriothesley doubted the stability of their purpose, and said to them in effect, ' Well, as you say you want St. Elizabeth's College in order to turn it into a boarding house, you shall have it : but if you do not devote it to that purpose within so many years you shall not put it to

manerium de Wolveseye, et assignavit pratum illud et appropriavit capellam sancti Stephani contiguam dicto prato ad sustentacionem cuiusdem certi numeri capellanorum ibidem divina celebrancium, &c. Quod Rex velit dictam elimosy- nam confimuire, &c. Ita responsum, &c. Rex concedit quantum in Rege est appropriadonem prati et sitds nove capelle et eciam appropriacionem Ecclesie Sancti Stephani/ Petitions to Parliament, 33 Ed. I, (a.d. 1304), No. 57. * History of Winchester, Ed. Ill, voL ii. p. 175.

S

y

258 Annals of Winchester College.

any other use, but you shall pull it down.' As a matter of fact, they began the work of demolition a year after completion of the purchase, by taking down the pinnacles of the buttresses of the chapel, and stripping the house roof of its tiles. 'Sol. Georgio carpentario laboranti circa detectionem piramidum Ste. Eliza- bethe per iiij dies, ij« viij<^. . . . Sol. John Harslett pro cariagio tegularum a domo Ste. Elizabethe ad Coll. per unum diem xij<i.' In the following year the Warden and Fellows stripped the lead off the roof of the church and pulled down the house, except a portion which they made a storehouse or grange. * Sol. Joh. Holyday, Georgio carpentario, et famulo suo laborant. circa liquationem plumbi domds Ste. Elizabethe xxij". Sol. Joh. Holyday pro detectione et prostratione tecti ecclesie Ste. Eliza- bethe xxyj* viij<*. Sol Geo. carpentario et famulo suo laborant circa composicionem ly storhous apud domum Ste. Elizabethe xliiij* v^.' This storehouse or 'grange' is referred to in the computus rolls for a number of years afterwards. The wall which bounds the south side of Meads, and included the site and precinct of the Carmelite Friary, was built with the stones of the church, a fact which accounts for the fragments of carved and hewn stone of which it is chiefly composed. The carved bears' heads within the entrance gateway of the sanatorium came out of a portion of this wall, which had to be pulled down when the sanatorium was built.

St. Stephen's mead seems to have been used by the Society before the dissolution of Pontissara's foundation, if we may judge fi-om the following entry in the computus roll of 1532 : ' Sol. Ric. Blanchard facienti sepem prati S. Stephani p. vi dies capient. per diem ij^ cum xij<^ pro suis comunis ij*. . . . Sol. Joh. Whyte pro eradicacione herbarum noxiarum in le orcharde, et iij<^ pro comunis suis xj^ dim. . . . Sol. pro spinis et ryse (brushwood) pro prato S. Stephani xj* x^.' In 1547 this meadow was enclosed with a paling to keep out trespassers and protect the cattle and sheep which grazed there until they were wanted for the butcher. ' Sol. pro composicione ly pale circa pratum Sti. Stephani xvij^ xiv" xj^ ' occurs in the computus roll for 1547.

St. Stephen's chapel was pulled down in 1548. Its materials helped to build the wall above referred to. Its foundations, of flint bedded in mortar, proved to be of the most durable

Warden White. 259

character when the city sewer was carried through them in 1878^ requiring to be blasted with gunpowder before the sewer could be laid.

The manor of Moundsmere, which was acquired under the exchange, lies on the downs about thirteen miles north-east of Winchester. The homestead is in an open airy spot; and when the plague visited Winchester, as it appears to have done in the year 1544, the Society ran up some new buildings, and removed a number of the scholars to them during the autumn and winter quarters of that year*. 'Sol. Joh. Hanyngton et Nich. Jakes pro expensis circa nova edificia apud Moundsmere ut patet per billas xyj^ viij* ix^.*

Baylie, the schoolmaster, had charge of these boys, and was allowed the sum of £4 ' pro comunis scolarium in rure.' A slender allowance, probably supplemented in some way which is not recorded.

Ten years afterwards the Scholars were sent to Moundsmere again, on the occasion of another outbreak of the plague. What remained of a largess by Queen Mary on the occasion of her bridal visit to the College, amounting to £12 145. 4^/. was given * to Mr. Crane and to Mr. Langrage, overseers, to repare the chyldren's hows at Mousberie {sic) for their comfort in tyme of siknes.' It appears from the computus roll for 1554 that the bam there was fitted with bed-places and windows for their reception. They were supplied with butcher's meat, &c., from Winchester : —

' Item carpentariis component, lectos et fenestras apud Moundsmere pro pueris commorantibus ibidem tempore pestis xl* iij^. Item pro clitellis empt. pro camibus portandis ad Moundsmere iij" viij<^. • . Item Joh. Tilborowe et aliis quibusdam laborantibus tarn in pro* strando quam in portando et findendo ligna ad usum scolarium commorantium apud Moundsmere tempore pestis a vxJ*^ die Novemb. ad xyjB' diem Dec et pro aliis necessariis expensis ibidem factis eodem tempore viij^.'

' The number of scholars in College during this ' rusticatio ' was as follows :— First week, September 94-30 .... 3

September 30 to end of quarter First week of Christmas quarter Second week . • Third, fourth and fifth weeks Sixth week ....

I I

3

a

69

S2

26o Annals of Winchesier College.

The memory of this visit to Houndsmere was preserved in successive leases of the demesne down to the last, which ex- pired at Michaelmas, 1887, by the following dause : —

* Except nevertheless and reserving the new buildings adjoining to the said manor house, with all and singular the chambers and rooms whatsoever within the same contained, or at any time hereafter of new to be built there, for such time only as the said Warden and Scholars, Qeiics, or their successors, or the schoolmaster, scholars, and servants of the said College for the time being shall resort, come, and remain there for the avoiding the plague, or any such pestilential sickness.'

Under cusius necessariorum in 1544 is a reference to Richard Bethell, of whom the Society appear to have purchased a quantity of unbleached linen for servants' aprons. This Richard Bethell purchased the fabric of Hyde Abbey at the dissolution. He seems to have been a citizen of consequence, inasmuch as he was permitted to stipulate upon entering the Corpora- tion that he should not be obliged to serve the minor offices of bailiff, constable, or chamberlain, before accepting the Mayoralty of Winchester \ In his declining years he had a lease of the College manor of Woodmancot, and resided there.

While Henry VIII was amusing himself with the siege of Boulogne in 1544, a camp was formed in the Isle of Wight, to the expenses of which the College contributed £3 8s. ^d.

Custus stabuli in 1545 includes eight quarters, three bushels of beans at 75. 8rf. per quarter, bought at Weyhill Fair ; thirty- eight horseshoes (hind), 65. 4//. ; thirty-four ditto (fore), 3s. yL Two drenches, and a fee of 2od, for doctoring the white horse, with id, for mending the stable shovel, came to 2s. 9^. Three horses at grass thirteen weeks;, 135. Eight loads of straw, 135. \d.

The rise in the price of all kinds of provisions rendered it im- practicable to keep within the statutory allowance for commons any longer, and it was discontinued in 1544. We get in lieu of the quarterly account of commons a staurus e^ensarum, or table of provisions consumed, and are gainers by the change. This is the staurus expensarum for 1544-5 : —

> He 18 called < Robert' Bethell in the Guildhall list of Mayors. In 1553 he was one of Edward's Commissioners for the survey of Church goods within the City of Winchester. See ante, p. 240.

Warden White. a6i

£ s. d.

Wheat, 195 qrs. 4 bus 143 10 8

Malt \ 390 qrs., 7 bus 14a 13 7}

Beer, John Poly, 173 hhds. at 14^/., and Widow Cor- nells, a hhds. used at Election, 35. 4^/. . . . 10 5 a

Oxen, 65 no 6 11

Sheep, 455 63 9 10

Rabbits, 12 dozen and 3 couples 11 6 5

Milk and Cheese 7 8 4i

Victualia quadragesimae ' 51 15 o

Sugar and Spices 5 8 9i

Bay and Lymington Salt 4^5

Talwood ', 40,000 logs 20 o o

Fasciculi (faggots), 8725 8 14 6

Charcoal . • 10 15 o

Total 590 o 8}

Add Manciple's book 75 7 4

Total cost of provisions for the year . . . ;^665 8 o J

In 1546 the Society were fortunate enough to get a lease of Stoke Park in the parish of Bishopstoke, near Winchester.

^ Hops do not appear here, but under cttstus brasini.

* Lenten victuals. These are particularized in the computus roll of 1548 as

under: — s, tL

I cade of herrings (alltcium) 98

Q cwt of dry lynge 55 4

6 barrels salted salmon 56 8

I barrel salted eels 46 8

S2 salted congers 36 8

Greyne fysshe (quantity not mentioned) .... 74 7

Figs and raisins (quantity not mentioned) • . • 34 o

£15 13 7

In reference to the last item it may be said that Lenten diet was food that was dxy, rather than food which was salt. ' Xerophagiam,' says Tertullian (De Jejuniis, c. i p. 544), ' observamus, siccantes cibum ab omni came et omni juru- ienti& et uvidioribus quibusque pomis, ne quid vinositatis vel edamus vel pote- mus.'

• * Pro lignis focariis ad certam mensuram fissis et precisis, An^ •* cord wood." ' Spelman sub voc The assize of talwood was regulated by Stats. 7 Ed. VI, c. 7, and 43 Eliz. c. 14.

a6a Annals of Winchester College.

It was one of the ancient possessions of the See of Win- chester. Gardiner disparked it, and let it on lease to one Nicholas Lentall for forty-one years, from Lady Day, 1545. Lentall sold the lease to the Society, who wanted the land for grazing purposes. The license to assign the lease to the College bears Gardiner's autograph signature^. In 1549 Gardiner renewed the lease for a term of ninety years, and in 1539 Bishop Cooper granted a fresh lease at the old rent for the same term, to commence at the expiration of Gardiner's lease in 1639. Inasmuch as by this time such improvident alienations of the estates of the See were forbidden by Stat. 13 Eliz. c. 10, the same device was resorted to as had been em- ployed in the case of the Ropley property (finte^ p. 20), viz. of taking the lease in the name of the Queen, and then assign- ing it to the Warden and Scholars-Clerks. This lease was renewed from time to time for terms of twenty-one years, the maximum length allowed by the st^ute, and did not expire till Lady Day, 1888, when the property reverted to the Ecclesias- tical Commission. Custus pasturae de Stoke became a new heading in the computus rolls and Bursars' books after 1546. The Society kept their sheep and oxen at Stoke Park and in some meadows at Otterbome, which one Robert Colpays bequeathed in 1448 as a provision for his obit, and brought them up to Winchester when wanted for food.

The death of Henry VIII in January, 1546-7, relieved the College from the danger of dissolution, which it had been exposed to since the passing of the Act 37 H. VIII, c. 4, for dissolving all colleges, chantries, and free (i. e. endowed) chapels at the King's pleasure. In the course of the visita- tion of the whole kingdom which the Council determined on soon after the accession of Edward VI, the College was visited by Sir James Hales, Knt, Francis Cave, D.C.L., and Simon Briggs, D.D., as Royal Commissioners. They issued the following injunctions' in September, 1547 : —

'i. First, that from henceforth the Bible shall be daily read in

' Thi$ is an "early instance of a deed being signed as well as sealed. The practice of signing deeds came in slowly and was hot made essential till the Statute of Frauds, 9 Car. II.

' Wil kins' Concilia, iv. 8.

Warden White. %6o^

Elnglish distinctly and apertly in the midst of the Hall above the hearth where the fire is made, both at dinner and 'supper.

'a. Item, that as well all the scholars of the said College and foundation, as other coming to the same school, being able to buy the New Testament in English or Latin, shall provide for the same betwixt this and Christmas coming, to the intent that they may every Sunday, and other holy-days, exercise themselves holie in read- ing thereof, setting apart all other exercises of prophane authors ; and that the Warden and schoolmaster, or such as the Warden in his absence shall appoint, shall diligently from time to time examine them of their exercise in that behalf.

'3. Item, that the Warden, and in his absence such one as he shall appoint, shall from henceforth every Sunday and holy-day, not being principal or octave of principal, read unto the scholars of this school some part of the Proverbs of Solomon, for the space of one hour ; which book ended, he, or his sufficient deputy, shall begin the book of Ecclesiastes ; which also ended, they shall begin then again the said Proverbs, and so continue. The said lecture to begin on this side Christmas next, viz. anno domini 1547.

'4. Item, that from henceforth the said scholars shall use no other primer than that which is set forth by the King's authority, the Latin primer for them that understand Latin, and the English primer for them that understand not Latin. And yet notwithstanding for him that understandeth the Latin to use which of them he liketh best for his edifying.

' 5. Item, the Warden and schoolmaster in all lectures and lessons of prophane authors shall refute and refel by allegation of Scriptures all such sentences and opinions as seem contrary to the Word of God and Christian Religion.

*6. Item, that every scholar of thb foundation and other coming to the said school shall provide with all convenient expedition for Erasmus* Catechism, wherein the Warden or his sufficient deputy every Sunday and holiday shall read some part thereof, proving every article thereof by the Scripture, and exercise the scholars at such times therein.

' 7. Item, that all grace to be said or sung at meals within the said College, and other prayers which the said scholars and children are bound to use, shall be henceforth said or sung evermore in English. And that they shall henceforth omit to sing or say * Stella caeli,' ' Salve Regina,' or any such like untrue and superstitious anthems.

*8. Item, as well every minister and ecclesiastical person in this College, as other laymen and servants, shall abstain from all manner of riberd words and filthy communication and other uncomely and light demeanour, lest the tender youth hearing and conceiving the same, may thereby be infected and provoked to vice.

264 Annals of Winchester College.

'9. Item, whereas four Bibles be appointed by the King's High- ness' injunctions to lie in the quire and body of the church, it shall be lawful for the scholars to carry and occupy one of the said Bibles to and in the Hall, and another of them in the school, so that they read them again to the church and quire afterwards.

' 10. Item, that as well the s^ Warden as every Fellow and con- duct teaching the children, shall have for his and their pains one yearly stipend of the common goods of the College, taxed by the Warden with the assent of the more part of the Fellows : and the schoolmaster and usher to have the old accustomed stipend of Com- mensab, and the Warden, Fellow, or conduct to require no part thereof.

*• II. Item. That no person in the said College have the correction of the grammarians beside the Warden, schoolmaster, usher, and such Fellow or conduct as shall watch them in the Warden's absence ; and that there be no excess correction, but that the same may be mitigated by the Warden's direction.'

The Act 37 H. VIII, c. 4 was re-enacted by Stat, i Ed. VI, c. 14, with a saving clause in favour of the two Universities, the Colleges of Winchester and Eton, and all cathedral churches and chapels of ease. All obits and anniversaries were done away with, and all foundations for priests who should pray for the souls of the dead were abolished, and their goods, jewels, plate, ornaments and other moveables were confiscated in cases to which the saving clause did not apply.

The computus roll of 1546 contains the following list of obits which were celebrated in that year for the last time in con- sequence of the Act of Edward VI abolishing such in the

following year : —

£ s. d. Wykeham's anniversary. Distributed among the poor

on the three commemoration days, and on the anni- versary of Wykeham's death, Sept. 27 \ 1404 . .456 Distributed among the poor in the Cathedral on the

anniversary of Wykeham's death . . . . a o o Dec. 3. John Whyte, Fellow, 1464-94 • . . .118 Jan. 9. Thomas Ashebome, Fellow, 1479-1516, and

John Bedell the manciple . . . • o 13 4 „ 14. ThomasBekenton, Bishop of Bath and Wells'. 188

* Under Wykeham's will, masses were to be sung for the repose of his soul for forty days after his death and no longer.

' Warden Baker's acquittance to tlie Bishop's executors for his legacies to the College is dated Feb. 33, 1464-5.

n ft

Warden White. 265

£ s, d. Jan. 19. Sir William Danvers, Knt., Dame Joan, his

widow, and Maud, Countess of Oxford ^ • 090

,, 31. Robert Colpays and Alice his wife . . o 16 6

Feb. ai. John Gynnore or Chynnore (Fell. 1452-63) . o 10 o

March 3a Henry Keswyke and Master John Far-

lington, Schoolmaster . . • .068

April I. Andrew Huls and Warden Baker * . . 10 6 8

y, II. Cardinal Bewford {sic) 188

„ as. William Laus or Laws ' (Fell. 1413-17) . i 11 10

Augusts. Stephen Ede, Mayor of Winchester, and

John his son (scholar 1443) . . . o la o

Tempore Electionis. Warden Chaundler • . .170

August 31. Richard Rede, Janitor of Wolvesey Castle o 15 4

Oct, 9. Warden Cleve 3 la 11

The same, for a mass called ' septima missa ' i 10 4

,, ai. Warden Morys o 18 6

39. Warden Thurbem and Richard Fittleworth 414

32. William Tystede of Ropley, and Bennet

his wife 076

Nov. 9 John Fromond and Maud his wife, with the

chaplain's stipend 13 la a

y, ao. Hugh Sugar o 18 11

The Society were gainers in point of income by the abolition of so many obits ^ and began to live more comfortably in

* In 31 Hen. VI Lady Danvers enfeoffed Wayneflete, Westbuiy the Provost of Eton, Sir Robert Danvers, Knt, one of the Justices of the Kmg*s Bench, and others, of the manor ofWyke or Staneswyke m Berks, with the advowson of the free chapel of Chapelwyke, and her lands in Shrivenham, Bourton, Wackyngfeld, Langote, and Famham in the same County upon condition that they should regrant the same to the Warden and Scholars-Clerks to endow her obit. The benefaction did not take effect, owing apparently to the necessary license in mortmain not being obtainable.

' The Warden stipulated that his obit should be kept for twenty years after his death ; but the Society perpetuated it Obits were usually perpetual. I only find one like Warden Baker's, that of John Poly, the brewer {antt^ pp. 951, 961) who purchased an obit for the same term of years.

* The following inscription will be found on a renewed brass in front of the altar. The original was in the Western cloister : —

'Orate pro aia WU5i Laus quondam socii istius CoItT qui obiit die iovis in vigilift S. Georgii An. dnl hcccczvij cuius ue p'pidetur deus amen.'

* The power conferred on the Royal Commissioners by section 37 of the Act I Ed. VI, c. 14 to alter the nature and condition of obits to a better use or to the relief of some poor men being students or otherwise, was not exercised in the case of the College. So that the Society had the spending of the money as they pleased.

y^

266 Annals of Winchester College.

consequence. In 1547, for instance, it appears that £3 ids. 4|dL was spent on spices and preserves (in speciebus et marmelado) and 4000 extra logs of cordwood were ordered. And in 1560 they raised the principal stipends, as already stated ^.

The prices of wheat and malt fell remarkably in 1547 in con- sequence of an abundant harvest. Wheat from 205. to 65. 8</.y and malt from 10s, to 65. per quarter.

Dame Elizabeth Shelley died at the end of 1548. She was the last Abbess of St Maiy* s Abbey, one of the oldest religious houses in Winchester. It was founded by Ethelswitha, King Alfred's consort, in the ninth century. It was suppressed in 1536 among the 376 religious houses that were under the yearly value of £200 : for St. Mary's was never a wealthy abbey. Dame Elizabeth Shelley was a woman of spirit, and had friends at Court. She persuaded Henry VIII to found the abbey anew with its former possessions, except the valuable manors of Alcannings and Urchfont in Wilts, which remained with Lord Edward Seymour, to whom the king had given them. A ground for this singular concession may perhaps be sought in the fact that under Dame Shelley the abbey was a high class girls' boarding school in which twenty-six girls were educating at the time of the final dissolution of the abbey in 1539. When this event happened the abbess retired on a pension, and appears to have dwelt in Winchester till her death. When her end was approaching, she gave a carpet valued at £3 to the Society to be laid before the altar on High days^, and a chalice of silver, which she must have bought or been allowed to keep when the plate of the Abbey was seized, upon condition that it should be restored in the event of the Abbey being re-established. She was buried in the College, and appears by the computus roll of 1548 to have had a handsome funeral. * In pecuniis expens. pro funeralibus Elizabethae Shelley xxv*, pro obitu eiusdem v^.'

Under cusius capellae in the same roll is an entry of 3s. ^d, for three copies of the volume of twelve Homilies which Cramner had put forth ; and entries of 405. for a vestment of white

1 Anie^ p. 84.

' This carpet was in use for many years aflerwards. It was l>acked with canvas in the year 1569 in order to preserve it as long as possible.

Waraen White. ^6/

damasfc with an alb *, and £8 for two altar cloths of red velvet worked with gold, and a vestment of the same. The purchase pf other books is thus referred to : ' Item, Dno Godewyn (the master of the choristers) eunti Sarum pro cantilenis ' v« iiij^/ ' Item, pro uno missali (the First Book ?) iij«.' ' Item, pro iij psalteriis v» iiij^ : pro vij psalteriis et missalibus cxyj* : pro cxvj diversis cantilenis empt. pro choro cv«.*

The o£Sce of the Communion which was put forth in 154& seems to have been adopted in College on All Saints' Day, 1552, on which day, by Stat. 5 and 6 Ed. VI, c. i, it was to come into use throughout the realm. ' Sol. pro ij libris de Communione x»* occurs in the roll for 1553.

The following entry in the roll of 1551 relates to an attempt on the part of the advisers of Edward VI to ' cry down/ or reduce from its nominal to its actual value, the coin which had been debased under. Henry VIII '. Elizabeth took the opposite course, and coined money of the value which it bore on its face. 'In denariis diminutis per edictum regis divulgat. in civitate Wynton. ix Julii, iiij^ xiij" ix^ . . . in denariis diminutis secund^ vice per regis edictum p'clamat. in civit. Wynton. viij Augusti, v^ iij« vj<* q.'

The following account of expenses on progress is extracted from a book which began to be kept in 1551 : —

Expenses of the Warden and others in London, 11-23 Feb., 1551-2, and of the journey home by way of Bagshot and Alton.

la Feb. Ash Wednesday : —

Salt fish, i2</.; oysters, 6</.; smelts, 6d.\ whitings,

^ This purchaBe was in obedience to the rubric in the First Book of Common Prayer, which is omitted from the Book of 1559 : ' Upon the daie, and at the time appointed for the ministracon of the holy Communion the priest that shall execute the holy ministry shall put upon hym the vesture appointed for that ministracon, that is to saye, a white alb plain with a vestment or cope.' The fact of such a vestment having to be bought at this time shows how complete the spoliation of the society's stock of vestments had been.

' Possibly Introits, as this part of the Communion Service was not rejected until the Second Book. But more likely Stemhold's version of thirty-seven Psalms, which he dedicated to. the King and ' were put forth and allowed to be sung in all churches before and after Mprning and Evening Prayer, and also before and after Sermons.'

• Henry VIII debased the coin in 1534 by alloying it with brass (Strype, ch. aa). Queen Elizabeth restored the standard of fineness to what it had been under Edward IV.

268 Annals of Winchester College.

£ s. d.

Bd, ; a haddock, lod. ; a ray, lod, ; herrings, 6d. ; oil, 6d.; mustard, i^.; charcoal, iSd,; salt, ad,; wine, 4^. ; figs, 4d, ; apples, 3^. . • . o 8 a|

la Feb. : —

Oysters, 6d, ; herrings, 6d. ; pickle, aod. ; whitings, i2d. ; haddock, lad. ; pepper, id. ; wine, Sd ; figs, 4</. ; apples, 2d. . m o 5 11

13 Feb. : —

Oysters, t)d ; pickles, 14^! ; whitings, lad ; a ray, lad. ; flounders, \\d ; smelts, td ; salt eels, \^ ; herrings, (>d ; wine, 3dl ; apples, 6^. . . .076

14 Feb. : —

Oysters, 6e/. ; salt fish, 16^. ; herrings, &/. ; whiting, i&/. ; smelts, 6e/. ; roach, td. ; oil, 6^. ; sugar, 3^. ; pepper, \d. ; mustard, \d ; flour, \d ; wine, ia</. ; figs,&/. 078I

Boat hire from Queenhive to (London) Bridge ad.

Boat hire from Queenhive to Clynke ^ and back ad.

Boat hire firom Queenhive to Westminster . . ^ — 008

15 Feb. : —

Oysters, td. ; herrings, U. ; pickles, \ad. ; eels, i6dL ; whitings, \ad.\ a haddocks, 16^.; mussels, 4c/.; vinegar, xd ; figs, ad. ; ' biskats,' yi. ; wine, 8^ • <> 7 4i

16 Feb. :—

Oysters, (id\ pickles, 16^. ; herrings, U. ; whitings, i6</. ; eel, 7df. ; smelts, 6^. ; almonds, 6e/. ; lentils, 3£/. ; sugar, 7^. ; cloves and mace, xd ; herbs, i^, ; Cretan wine, 5^/. o 6 10

17 Feb. : —

Oysters, 6^.; herrings, 9^; salt fish, 25.; eels,a5.»/.; pike, 55. ; smelts, ltd. ; salmon, as. ad. ; lampreys, lae/. ; almonds, ']\d. ; lentils, yi. ; sugar, 7^. ; cloves and mace, \d. ; pepper, \d. ; yeast, i^. ; salt, \d. ; vinegar, \d. ; oil, 5^. ; figs, \d. ; wine, 16^. . • o 18 io|

Boat hire from Queenhive to Westminster 5. d

and back, 15 Feb 07

Paper 03

Boat hire, 17 Feb • . i a

Lights 40

^ ' The Clink ' in Southwark.

Warden White, 269

5. d. £ s, d.

Beer • 26 o

Bread 38 o

Mr. Boxe for spices " £3 S S

Mrs. Gardnar for fish and oil . . . 19 o 4'

3 10 o

aa 5 9

18 Feb. :— -

Oysters, 6d ; salt fish, 6d. ; herrings, 5^. ; lampre3rs, 6d. ; smelts, 6d, ; salt eel, jd. ; haddock, lod. ; mus- tard, id, ; charcoal, as. ; figs, ae/. ; wine, 11^. . . 070

19 Feb. : —

Oysters, 9cf. ; pickle, 150^. ; whitings, 14c/. ; roach, 6d ; lampreys, td. ; eel, 12^. ; herrings, &/. ; onions, od, ; vinegar, id ; sugar, ^^d* \ raisins, ae/. ; pepper, id. ; figs, Qd. o 7 3l

90 Feb. : —

Oysters, 6</. ; salt fish, 12^. ; herrings, 4//. ; eels, 14//. ; haddock, ia</. ; smelts, 6e/. ; lampreys, 6^. ; roach, ^, ; oil, 5^. ; mustard, i^. ; apples, &/. ; wine, 9^/. • 074

ai Feb. : —

Oysters, 10^. ; pickle, 14//.; herrings, 6c/.;' haddock, lac/. ; smelts, 6d, ; eels, 16^. ; salmon, &/. ; vinegar, »/. ; raisins, i^ ; eggs, ac/. ; water, as. &/. ; figs, &/. ; wine^3fljl o 10 o

s, d.

Wood 3a a

Carriage of the trunk (cista) from our

house (Trumper's Inn) to Holbom . o 4

Boat hire, ao and ai Feb. •

Washing our clothes

Woman working in kitchen

Wife of Gervys for washing clothes .

Henry Alway' for boat hire

Parker for boat hire ....

Horse keep at London

Girl cleaning the house

Bread

0 6

a 4 5 4

1 4 o 8

0 10 18 o

1 o o 4

aa Feb. : — 3 a 10

Oysters, 'jd ; a ray, i6d, ; pickle, aae/. ; salt salmon, Tod. ; eels, 'jd, ; a haddock, ao^. ; roach, 5^. ; her- rings, 10^- ; mustard, id, ; wine, 3^/. ; figs, Bd, • o 9 11

* Bought for use at Winchester.

' He was collector of quit rents at Piddletrenthide.

a7o Annals of Winchester College,

33 Feb. : — £ s, d.

Wood, 8^. ; oysters, 6d. ; pickle, lad. ; herring, 4^. ;

smelts, 6d* ; roach, 6d. ; eels, i6d, ; oil, 50/1^ wine,

3£/. ; lights, 4d. 059

Thomas Fishwick, returning home, 24 Feb., for horse

keep, food, and drink, stuffing saddle, and horse shoes 038 Thomas Fishwick, returning to London with the

horses, for horse keep, food and drink . • .064

At Bagshot, as Feb. : — 5. d.

Horse keep for night there . • • • 10 o

Food, drink, and faggots .... 67

— o 16 7 Breakfast at Alton, 24 Feb. : —

Food and drink 98

Provender 36

David's ^ breakfast at Odiham ... 04

Provender 04

o ij 10

Expenses of William Atkins, Nicholas Smith and others riding to London, 4 July, 1551 : —

Andwell:— £ s. d.

Money given to daughters and servants of Mr. Jakes .010

Hartley Row : —

Beer 002

Bagshot : —

Bread and beer, lod, ; provender, i2d, . . . o i 10

Staines : —

Supper, 45. Sd, ; provender the night there, 4s. . w o 8 8

London, Sunday : —

Dinner, 4s. ; bread and beer, 14^/. . . . .052

Monday :—

Dinner, 35. 4^. ; supper and beer, 25. 41/. • . .058 Tuesday : —

Breakfast, 6d ; supper, 4s. ; bread and beer, 8^. • o 5 2 Wednesday : —

Dinner, 35. 4//. ; supper, 25. Sd ; bread and beer, i2d. 070

Thursday : —

Provender, 19s. ; breakfast, 6d. ; dinner, iSd. ; pro-

' David was a Welsh serving man who continued about the College till his death in 1584, when the Society paid for his burial : —

' Davidi Wallico ex consensu as. 6d, ; pro custodii et sepulturA ejusdeni Davidis 6s, ^dJ*

Warden White, 271

£ s. d. vender, ^od. ; supper at Staines, acx/. ; bread and beer, lod. 154

Friday \ —

Dinner, 35. 4//. ; bread and beer, td, ; provender, as. 7<£ 065

Sahardayx —

Breakfast at Bagshot, 9^. ; provender, as. 3^! . .030 Dinner at Andwell, 35.4//. ; horse shoes, xod. ; mend- ing a saddle, xod, • . • . . . .050 Paid Master Leke's clerk transcribing an Indenture . 068 Paid Randall Bethell, Master Jobson's clerk • .368 Paid him for writing an account of all the timber and underwood growing on the farms and tenements recently granted to us by the King in the name of an exchange 068

Expenses of the Warden, William White, and others riding

to London, 15 October, 1555 :—

/ 5. d, WUlhall, 15 Oct :—

Rewards 004

Bagshot, 16 Oct. :— Dinner.

Bread, 3^1 ; beer, 4//. ; beef and mutton, 14^. ; eggs, \d ; provender, \td. 03a

Hounslow, 16 Oct, Supper : —

Bread, 3^. ; beer, 6^. ; mutton, 8dl ; fowls, as. ; fire- wood, 8^. ; horse keep the night, 4s. 4^. • • .085

London, 18 to aa Oct :—

Billets, 35. adl ; salt fish, ^, ; whiting, 4^/. ; butter, 4</. ; parsnips and oysters, a|dl ; pepper, salt, and mustard, 3^. ; water, 3^ ; vinegar, \i, ; a lbs. candles, 4/f. ; horsebread, la^. ; charcoal, 5^/. ; bread, as. ; faggots, 6^. ; butter, 7^/. ; herbs, adl ; ' whiting ' ^ and flour, 7^. ; beer, lodH ; salt fish and eggs, is. 6^. ; a hogshead of beer, 3s. 4^/. ; hay and straw for horses, 19 to ai Oct., 5s. &/. ; beef, mutton, veal, and pork,ios. 4</.; boat hire, 4^.; rabbits, 8(/.; radishes, \d,\ wine, 3^/. ; biscuits, od, ;, cheese, apples and pears, 4</.; sugar,3)^.; currants, cinnamon, and ginger, 4)€/.; vinegar and herbs, beer and water, od, ; butter, 7^. ; candles, 2d, ; boat hire, 4^. ; links, 4//. ; bread, 15^/. ; coals and candles, 6s. ae/. ; hay and straw, 4s. ; ditto for Warden's horse at the inn 5 days, 4s. 6^. . a 8 6^

* Qy. 'whites* or pastry flour.

%'j2 Annals of WinchesUr College.

£ 5. d.

Woman and girl working in kitchen 5 days, oad. ; cleaning gaiters, 6(L ; exportatio fimi, &/. ; washing clothes, ia</. ; man working in stable with Matson, \d. ; woman cleaning candlesticks and other things, and sweeping the floors, 6(L o 4 10

Bagshot, 23 OcL : —

Bread and beer, &/. ; poiic, ^ ; mutton, 6<L ; wine and fire, 2k^' '* ^7 ^^^ provender, ood, ; Master Jakes' men servants and maid servants, 6d. • • o 4 o|

Warden, Mr. Smith, and others riding on Autumn progress,

10 September, 1552 : —

£ s. d Meonstoke, 14 Sept : —

Bread and beer 002

Eling, i6 Sept. : —

Provender for four horses one night at the inn . . o a o

Lepe, 17 Sept : —

Food and smith 028

Provender for the horses one night . . . .014 Boat hire between Lepe ^ and the Isle of Wight .018

Saint Cross, ao Sept : —

Shaving our beards at Newport 002

Paper and a purse o o 10

Yarmouth and Hurst, ao Sept :~

Boat hire between Yarmouth and Hurst, and from

Hurst to Key Haven 054

Halters for Hugh New at Yarmouth . . . . o o a Rewards to the soldiers at Hurst Castle • . -034

Hay at Hurst o o a

Beer at Yarmouth o o a

The miller for boat hire between Lepe and the

Island, and for washing the miller's shirt , • o o la

Christchurch, aa Sept. : —

Horse keep that night . , . . . . .030

Bere, 23 Sept. : —

Dinner 038

Provender 03a

' Lepe or Leap is a place on the main land near Stone Point, the distance from which to West Cowes is under three miles, about the shortest passage.

r

Warden White. 273

Sydling, 26 Sept. :— £ s. d. Provender .........034

Men and one woman in kitchen 018

A purse bought at Cerne 002

Gave Stempe for his journey home . . . . o a o Washing clothes at Piddletrenthide, and cleaning

gaiters (ocreae) 010

Paid Fishwyke for mending saddles at Crokehome

(Crewkerne) 005

Paid Robert Evered for oxen supplied to College , 64 13 4

Ceme : —

Meat and drink 028

Crewkerne : —

Breakfast 014

Longload : —

Fee to Mr. Symbarbe (St. Barbe) • . . .100

Hindon : —

Bread and beer 028

Provisions 050

Provender 042

Vails to Mr. Evered's servants 006

Paid Thomas Fishwyke for two horse shoes and

removes at Milbome Port 013

Sarum: —

Paid vicars of cathedral church of Sarum for a half- year's pension out of Piddletrenthide . . . lo o o

Downton : —

Money given to poor 068

Washing clothes at Combe 004

Expenses of Mr. Jakes returning home . • . o i 10 Helper in stable at Durrington while Fishwyke was

away .006

Gave the clerk at Downton 004

Andover : —

For stuffing our saddles . . . . . .008

Cleaning our gaiters and shaving our beards • .006

Tilehurst : —

Paid one who measured our timber at Halland . ,008

Moundsmere : —

Cleaning gaiters and drying clothes at Moundsmere . 006

Ashe: —

Removes and horse shoes .010

Cleaning gaiters, and present to helper in stable . 006

T

A

274 Annals cf Winchester College.

WmhaU:-- L s. d.

Alms and deaning gaiters 006

Washing the shiits of Fisfawyke, the miller, and

David at different places 004

Total £t9 3 8

The rate of this progress seems to have been as follows :■

Winchester to Meonstoke and back, Sept. 14 . . 24

Winchester to Eling and back, Sept. 16 ... 15

Eling to Lepe, Sept. 17 6

Cowes to St Cross, near Newport, Sept. ao . . 4

St Cross to Yarmouth, Sept ao 8

Yarmouth to Hurst and Key Haven by boat . 6

Key Haven to Christchurch, Sept. aa . . . . 10

Christchurch to Bere Regis, Sept. ^ . . . ao

Bere Regis by Piddletrenthide and Ceme to Sydling 16

Sydling to Crewkeme 16

Crewkeme through Seavington to Longload 9

Longload to Hindon 38

Hindon to Salisbury ai

Salisbury to Downton and back 14

Salisbury to Durrington ...... 8

Durrington to Andover 17

Andover to Winchester la

Expenses of Warden on Autumn progress, 1555 : —

Downton : — 5. d.

The poor there 6 8

The clerk 04

At Blandford, Sept 4, our dinner :—

Bread o 6J

Beer 09

Beef 08

Eggs o a}

Rabbits o 10

Pears and sugar 04

A payre of double white girthes . . . i a

A fore petell ? 10

Mending two saddles 08

Two halters 01

Provender 24

£ s. d.

o 15 7

Warden White. ajs

Dorchester, Sept. 6 :— s, d. £ s. d.

Bread i 6

Beer 20

Pickles (salsamenta) .....08

Salt conger 16

Buchome (hartshorn) 04

Trout 10

Eggs 09

Sugar and ciurants 12

Cinnamon, pepper, and spices ...08

Wine 06

Prunes 04

Pears and other fruit 04

Cakes (placentae) 08

Firewood 04

Forage . 16

A poor man who helped Fishwick in the stable o 2— *-o 13 5 Fishwick for keep of three horses left at Wilton . 014 Same another time 006

Piddletrenthide, Sept. 10 : —

Washing linen and cleaning gaiters . 010 A halter 004

Milbome Port, Sept. 12 :.—

Fishwick for removes of horse shoes . . . . 016

Qeaning gaiters 004

Gave helper in stable 002

Sydling, Sept. 13 : —

Bread at dinner 04

Beer 09

Veal ...10

A rabbit 05

Horse keep i 10

Paper o 2 o 4 6

Paid John Dyer and John Gentell for oxen supplied to College 2868

Coombe Bisset : —

Vicars of cathedral church of Sarum (a half year's

fee farm rent out of Piddletrenthide) . . . 10 o o Two who cleaned our gaiters and helped in stable . 006 Henry Wright, riding on College business . . 050

Mr. Morton's shepherd 004

Drawing bond between the College and Mr. Strowde 024

Durrington : —

Helper in stable . . 002

Sum Total .... £^0 13 8

T 2 — ^—

276 AntuUs of Winchester College.

In 1546 Thomas Baylie, who had succeeded White as school- master at the age of 26, made way for Evered, who was not a Wykehamist, at any rate not a scholar of the College. Thomas Hyde (adm. 1537) succeeded Evered in 1552 at the age of 28. Hyde came from Newbury. He was a staunch Romanist, and on the accession of Queen Elizabeth retired to Douai, where he died May 9, 1597, and was buried in the church of St. Jacques. He was a Prebendary of Winchester Cathedral, and wrote several theological treatises. Among other Wykehamists who quitted England about the same time and for the same reason are, Thomas Hardyng (adm. 1528), Treasurer of Salisbury Cathedral, and Regius Professor of Hebrew ; John Rastell (adm. 1543), the writer against Bishop Jewell ; John Marshall (adm. 1545), who was usher under Hyde, and became a Canon of Lisle ; John Fen (adm. 1547), Master of Bury St. Edmund's school; Owen Lewse (adm. 1547), Archdeacon of Cambrai, Vicar-General to Cardinal Borromeo, and Bishop of Cassano, 1588-94 ; Thomas Stapleton (adm. 1550), poet and translator; and Richard Whyte (adm. 1553), who was more than thirty years Regius Professor at Douai, and after he had successively married two wives, was made a priest by the special dispensation of Pope Clement VHI.

In 1553 the Society began to keep swans, and continued to do so for many years, until, in fact, the turkey superseded the swan at table.

The following entries occur in the roll of this year : —

' Sol. Will. Arthyr pro compositione stagnarii (for making a pond) pro cignis ij" ij<^ : item pro eigne et captura et cariagio cignonim ij" ij* : item ballivo aquanim (the bishop's water bailiff) pro signa- tione (for nicking) j cigni dat. Collegio hoc anno a M'^ Watton, as. : item pro hamo ad capiend. cignos xiij<^.'

By 1556 the stock was increased to 'thirteen white olde swannes, and four of the present yeare,* and a few years later there were thirty-three, ' some white, some "ydyr "V i- ^- cygnets. One of these was eaten at the election of 1574. * Sol. ballivo aquarum pro j cigno vocat. " a nestbyrde " iiij^, pro contribu- tione* ad rete compositum pro cignis capiendis iij* et pro

* Eider or downy.

' Showing that others as well as the Warden and Fellows kept swans at thb time.

^r

Warden White. a77

expensis in capiendis cignis viij<i.' Geese appear for the first time (in company with swans) in the staurus expensarum of 1600. Forty geese cost 51s.

The marriage of Queen Mary to Phih'p of Spain was solem- nized in Winchester Cathedral, July 25, 1554. The Queen awaited Philip at Wolvesey. Philip, on his arrival from South- ampton, where he landed, was lodged at the Deanery. After the wedding, the bride and bridegroom visited the College, and were received according to precedent with copies of gratulatory Latin Elegiacs. Warden White, who had been consecrated Bishop of Lincoln on the ist of April previously \ was there, and presented a copy of verses of his own making. The roll for 1554 has been borrowed and not returned, but it appears from another source that the royal couple were liberal : —

£ s. d

The Kinge's almes 10 16 8

The Queen's almes 6 13 4

My lord of Chychester 100

£iQ ID o

This sum of money was disposed of as follows : —

£ 5. d.

To the schoolmaster (Hyde) 300

To the usher 100

To the seventy children i 15 o

To the thirty elder children for makyng verses . . o 15 o

To the sixteen Queresters, by the hands of Mr. Crane 028

Purdie, writing the verses 020

Joh. Shellye for delyveryng the verses to the Kynges

and Quenes Highness 010

£5 15 8

Soremayneth ;fi2 14 4'

The ' waterwork * found in the chamber of the Warden of New College in 1885, when the same was being converted into

^ An entry in the computus roll of 1555 of 165. ioj</. paid for 9} yards of scarlet cloth 'ad conficiendam togam talarem pro Episcopo ' contains a reference to him in this character.

' Which was applied in fitting up the ' Children's hows * at Moundsmere as stated, aff/r, p. 359.

2yS Annals of Winchester College.

a dormitory, must be mentioned in this place. It is executed on wainscot, a quantity of which had been nailed up without regard to design, in order to form a partition, and then hung with canvas which was covered with paper, so that its existence was unknown untU the partition was taken down. The panels as a rule are six or seven feet long, by eight or nine inches wide, though some are shorter and broader. The design on each of the larger panels consists of a pair of medallions with scroll work on either side, one medallion charged with the letters I W, the other with a female Tudor head coifed, or a male Spanish head helmeted. The broader panels display subjects of a more ambitious character, generally speaking heraldic, with supports stencilled in a free and flowing outline, and various mottoes, such as VIVE LE Roi, spelled roi, roy, and roe, and others of a moral nature, such as tempus quaerendi est tempus amittendi and VANiTAS vanitatum et omnia vanitas, an appropriate motto for a wedding if we remember the text, ' Live joyfully with the wife- whom thou lovest all the days of the life of thy vanity, which he hath given thee under the sun, all the days of thy vanity ; for that is thy portion in this life and in thy labour which thou takest under the sun ' (Eccl. ix. 9). It has in fact been surmised^ having regard to the letters I W, which occur on nearly every panel, that this waterwork was executed for White when his lodgings were decorated in view of the approaching royal visit to Winchester. It is true that White was Bishop of Lincoln at the time of the wedding (July 25), but his successor (Boxall) was not elected until October 29, so it is probable that he was still Warden at the time. There is no reference to this water- work in the accounts of the period, that I have been able to discover. But the computus for 1554, the year of the royal visit, is missing.

^ Proaedings of iht SocUty of AnHquaritSf and series, voL xl p. 196.

CHAPTER XVI. Wardens Boxall and Stempe (1554-1582).

Bozall, Secretary of State. — George Turbervyl — ^John Munden. — Bishop Under- hili — Edmund Hodson's Epitaph. — His legacy for poor scholars. — Stempe's investments in land. — Queen Elizabeth's visit — Dispensation to eat flesh on Wednesdays. — How she squeezed the Society. — Lord Burghley's steward- ship.— Com rents. — Christopher Jonson. — ^Watchlights. — Prestmoney. — Purchases of plate. — ^Theatricals in HalL — Garnet, the Jesuit — Household expenses in 1567. — Pitseus. — Deans Tucker and Merydith.. — Sir Henry Martyn. — Owen and Heath the epigrammatists. — Serjeant Hoskyns. — Richard Heydocke.

John Boxall (adm. 1538) was a native of Bramshott in Hamp- shire. He stood high in the favour of Queen Mary, who made him one of her Secretaries of State, and Dean of Ely; adding the deaneries of Peterborough, Norwich, and Windsor when he resigned the Wardenship in 1556. Queen Elizabeth, on her accession, took away the secretaryship and gave it to Cecil, and shortly afterwards Archbishop Parker sent Boxall to the Tower, where he remained a prisoner till a little before his death in 1571.

George Turbervyl (adm. 1554), of Whitchurch (Filton) near Bristol, left early and read for the Bar. Becoming Secretary of Embassy when Sir Thomas Randolphs was ambassador to the Court of Muscovy, he occupied his spare time in writing Songs and Sonnets, and in 1567 published The Herqycall EpisUes of Publius Ovidius Naso in Engiishe Verse, which was followed by a translation of the Eclogues of Mantuanus and a collection of Tragical Tales from the Italian. John Munden (adm. 1555) lost his fellowship of New College through recusancy, and suffered at Tyburn, Feb. 12, 1581-2. John Underbill (adm. 1556) became Rector of Lincoln College and Chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, and was made Bishop of Oxford in 1589, after the See had been twenty-two years vacant.

a8o

Annals of Winchester College.

Edmund Hodson was never a scholar on the foundation, but obtained a chaplaincy, and held a fellowship of Winchester Col- lege from i55ito 1580. The legend on his brass in Cloisters is: —

* Whoso thou art, with loving harte

Stonde, reade, and thincke on me ; For as I was, so now thou arte, And as I am, so shalt thou be.'

He devised to the College a rent-charge of £20 per annum, issuing out of a farm at Marsworth, Bucks, for the benefit of his poor kindred, who have long been extinct, and then of poor scholars of Winchester College. ' Hodson's legacy/ producing nearly £40 a year, continues to be applied in conformity with the will of the donor.

Thomas Stempe (adm. 1536) succeeded Boxall in 1556. He followed Warden Baker's wise policy, buying the Callice pro- perty at Andover in 1564, and two years later a house and land, known as Mangers, in the same parish, which had for- merly been the endowment of the Chantry of the Virgin Mary in the parish church. He also bought Hawkley mill near Liss in Hampshire, and a tenement at Alresford. Later still he in- vested £317 i8s. gd, in the purchase of the tithe and advow- sons of the impropriate rectories of Slattenford (now Slaughter- ford), Hartham, and Biddestone St. Nicholas in North Wilts, which had belonged to Farleigh Abbey. Stempe was an ac- complished scholar. The inscription upon his brass in Cloisters*

ran thus : —

'Qui jacet hie custos viginti quattuor annos

Praefuit, et qui sit, si legis ista, scies. Voce manuque modos didicit formare canoros:

Addidit huic linguas rhetoricamque puer. Grandior, ad leges civiles ibat; in illis

Doctor et hinc judex non sine laude fuit. Presbyter in sacris scripturis plurimus haesit,

Quas populo acceptas plausibilesque dedit Quid memorem, vita quam se constanter in omni

Praestitit, et fluxas quam prope sprevit opes?

Obiit nono die Feb. 1581.'

According to Nicholas ', Queen Elizabeth visited Winchester on several occasions. In the first considerable progress which

' It has disappeared, but was there in 1773, when Wilkes wrote. ' Progresses of Queen Eluabeth, vol. i.

Wardens Boxall and Stentpe. a8i

she made after coming to the crown, she visited Winchester, but without coming to the College. Her only recorded visit to the College was paid ten years later, in 1570. She was greeted with speeches and copies of Greek and Latin verse in the customary manner, and wine and money were distributed to her minstrels, who probably gave a concert in the College hall : * In regardis datis tibicinibus dnae Reginae cum vino ad man- datum vice custodis vij^ m]^ * is the entry in the bursars* book. If one may safely infer from the fact of the Vicewarden giving the order that the Warden was not at home when the Queen came to the College, it is possible that this uncourtier-like conduct on his part, unavoidable as it doubtless was, may have given offence and led to the Queen avoiding the College ever afterwards. The story how the Queen pointed to the rod depicted on the wall of the old schoolroom, and asked the junior whether it hurt ? and how the junior replied in the words of Aeneas to Dido, ' Infandum, regina, jubes renovare dolorem,* is told in connection with this visit. The same story is told at Eton, and for aught I know at other schools. The story how the Eton boys were known as King's scholars only, till Queen Elizabeth, on entering the hall while they were at dinner, exclaimed as they all stood up, 'Eat on, boys,* is no doubt equally apocryphal. However, though she displayed no great partiality for Winchester College, Elizabeth paid it the com- pliment of permitting the services in chapel to be in Latin for the sake of making the scholars better acquainted with that tongue *. A few years later, in 1563, she showed Her tenderness for the health of the Society by her approval of a dispensation granted to them by Archbishop Parker in that year to eat flesh on Wednesdays, in consideration of the scarcity and high price of fresh fish and the unwholesomeness of salt ; with a proviso that all should dine and sup in Hall on that day, without guests, and bestow 13s. ^d. on the poor every Easter Eve^

' Strype, 1. xviii. The Letters patent, dated April 6, 1560, under which Elizabeth^s Latin Prayer Book was issued, declared it to be intended for the universities and public schools. It appears that in 1561 three copies of the Communion Service in Latin, besides the Ten Commandments, a Kalendar, and three copies of ' the form of the Litany amended and corrected ' as authorised primo Elitabethae were purchased for use in the College Chapel.

^ The dispensation has the Archbishop's broad seal attached to it, and is signed ' Mattheus Parker.* Parliament had just enacted (Stat. 5 Eliz. c. 5) that for the

^

a8a Annals of Winchester College.

And about the same timei or a little later, she was induced to issue a circular to her ofGcers enjoining them to spare the College trees when making inquisition for navy timber. Favours such as these were purchased at a dear rate. In 1531 she made the Society grant a lease to her of the rectory of Downton, as a provision for Thomas Wilkes, the clerk of the Council, to whom she assigned it. We do not possess her letter to the College — somebody no doubt kept it for the sake of the autograph — but we possess a draft of the reply of the Society, protesting and excusing themselves from compliance ; and a packet of letters from Sir Christopher Hatton, Leicester, Walsingham \ and others of the Council (who must have been anxious to get Wilkes provided for) counselling the Society in plainer and plainer language to be compliant ; and lastly, there is the counterpart of the lease granted to Her Majesty*. The same sort of thing happened in the manor of Piddletrenthide. There is a letter from the Queen to the Society (July i, 1579) asking for a lease of Freelands for thirty-one years. Then there is a letter from Leicester (July 8, 1579) to say that the lease is wanted for a Mr. George Young; aad a letter from Walsingham, who says that neglect to satisfy her Majestys desire hath procured in like matters her heavy displeasure against sundry Colleges and Fellowships; and advises the Society to yield to Mr. Young 'some such liberall gratuitie as is fitt to bee offered to a gentleman of his qualitie and creditt, attending dailie about her Matie's person.' And lastly, there is Young's acquittance fok* £500 paid to him by Nicholas Venables and other College tenants to forbear pressing his suit '. Young was content with this ' liberall gratuitie ' : but her insatiable Majesty afterwards insisted upon having a reversionary lease

increase of the provision of sea fish, every Wednesday should be a fish day, as well as Saturday. The bishop or curate, however, mi^^t grant a dis- pensation. Parker granted a similar indulgence to resident students of the University of Cambridge in 1563.

^ He was Lord High Steward of Winchester, and procured a charter for that city m 1587.

' The Warden sealed the lease (which was for forty years) and sent it up to the Council with a request that it migkt not be taken as a precedent (flomesik State Papwrst voL dii, March 13, 1581-9.)

* Venables was lessee of the Manor Farm; and what he and the other tenants did was to club together and advance £500 to Young out of the money which should have gone to pay the fines on the next renewal of their leases.

Wardens Boxall and Stempe. 983

for twenty years, from i June, 1603, of the same property, and assigned it to Ferdinando Leybourne, another gentleman about the Court, in June, 1597. Leybourne must have been satisfied in the same way as Young was; for both this lease and the assignment to Leybourne are in the muniment room cancelled. Upon the latter instrument is a note by Chief Justice Flemyng for the Queen's information : —

* This conteyneth an assignment to be made by yor Matie to yor servant Ferdinando Leybourne of ye farm of Piddletrenthide and other lands in ye Countie of Dorset, demised to yST Matie by ye CoUedge of Winchester, ... to ye intent that yof matie might assign it to ye said Ferdinando.'

Yet the Society had a friend at Court in the person of Secre- tary Cecil, afterwards Lord Burghley. This statesman may have had some family connection with the College^ At any rate he took interest enough in its affairs to accept the office of Steward of its manors, an office which he accepted in 1566 and held until his death in 1598, drawing the customary fee of £5 and performing the duties by deputy. ' Willmo Seycill militi, secretario Dnae Reginae et senescallo terrarum Coll. primario, pro feodo suo debito in festi S. Mychls Archi v* * occurs in the bursars' book of 1567, and is the first of a long series of similar entries. In 1587 he had a special fee of £20 ' in regardo favoris et auxilii in negocio Collegii,* and in 1595 he had another fee of the same amount ' in causa pro Stoke Park,* and £5 ' pro relaxandis quindecimis' — for getting the College exempted from a fifteenth that was then about to be levied by pleading the Charter of Privileges.

It may well be the case that Burghley's interest in the College led him to give the support which he gave to Sir Thomas Smith's* Act (18 Eliz. c. 6) that a third part of the rent upon leases made by Colleges should be reserved in com, paying after the rate of 65. 8rf. per quarter for wheat and 55. per quarter for malt. This corn the tenants were to deliver yearly, or to pay the value thereof after the rate of the best wheat and malt in the markets of Oxford, Cambridge, Winchester, or

^ A Thomas Sissild (5fc), born at Calne in 1518, and consequently two years his senior, was nominated to College in 1531.

• Provost of Eton 1547-54, and Secretary of State under Queen Mary.

Annals of Winchester College.

Windsor, as the case might be, on the market day next before the day on which the rent was payable'. The measure was most beneficial to Colleges, for as Fuller says *, ' though their rents stand still, their revenues do increase, and when corn is dearest, rents are highest.' It was a way of making the rent vary with the price of corn, without abolishing the old rent, which seems to have been regarded as too sacred a thing to be disturbed at the time when the Statute passed, although old leases are not renewable by law or custom, as many a lessee in recent times has found to his cost ^

After Burghley's death the Steward's fee of £5 was regarded by successive Lord Treasurers as a perquisite of office *, and continued to be paid to them until the great Rebellion. We shall see anon how Clarendon received it after the Restoration.

Christopher Jonson, or Johnson (adm. 1549), succeeded Hyde as schoolmaster in 1560. He owed his nomination to

^ A similar provision touching seed com occurs in a lease of the Manor of Colthrop, Berks, granted in 9 Hen. V by the College to John Godiather for a term of ten years. ' £t ulterius quod predictus Johannes in principio finne sue recipiet de prefatis custode etc viij quarterias fhimenti precio cuiuslibet quarterie v» : v quart ordei precio cuiuslibet quart iiij" : et v quart avenanim precio cuiuslibet quart ij" ; et omnia predicta grana in fine termini sui predict! reliberabit predict custodi vel successoribus vel precium eorundem ad discre- cionem dicti custodis vel successorum suorum.'

^ History of the University of Cambridge ^ % viii.

^ The Act operated thus : — Suppose a case in which the ' ancient accustomed rent ' as the Act calls it, was ^10 a year. Then one-third is ^3 65. &/. equiva- lent to (say) : —

I s. d. Seven qrs. wheat, at 65. Qd. • • • a 6 8

Four qrs. of malt, at 5s. . . . • zoo

This at the prices of i8go would be : — Seven qrs. of wheat, at 345. Four qrs. malt, at 405.

£3 6

II 18 8 0

8

0 0

So that a College would receive : — Two-thirds of old rent In lieu of remaining third .

Or instead of £10

£19 18

6 13 19 18

£a6 11

0

4 0

4

* Warden Harmar, writing to Salisbury with an offer of the office of High Steward of the College, describes it as always offered to the High Treasurer of England; Domestic State Papers ^ vol. xxxii, May, 34 1608.

Wardens Boxall and Stentpe, 285

Thomas Bassett, a Fellow, who died August 23, 1555, to whom he put up a brass in Cloisters (which has disappeared), with the following inscription : —

^Hic, Bassete, jaces nullo memorandus in aevo

Si tua in heredes gratia sola foret. Nunc, quia me gratis Vicecustos esse scolarem

Jusseris, hoc gratis* praesto tibi officium. Teque legent ahi, ut tua quanquam O ! facta sequantur,

Et moniti dicant, Optime, vive Dec'

According to Antony Wood, Johnson was ' an excellent poet, philosopher, and physician.* He dabbled in physic while schoolmaster; and after his resignation in 1571 he practised medicine in London with good success, according to Wood, until his death in 1597. He wrote in Latin elegiac verse dis- tichs on the Wardens and schoolmasters from the beginning to his own time, which seem inspired by the Tetrastichs of Auso- nius ; a poem on the Founder, and ' De ScolS Collegiate Wic- camic^' in Latin hexameters, which is often quoted in this work.

Under custus domor^m, in 1561, occur the following items :—

* Pro cylindro (a *garden roller), xij<* : in ix modiis calcis adustae consumpt. in dealbacione claustri iij" : pro composicione ly whele- barrow xij* : pro x duodenis candelarum pro cubiculis puerorum et choristarum xxv" : pro xxiiij duodenis ly watchlyghts ' xlviij".'

Custus coquinae in 1562 : —

'A gamysse of pewter, comprising twenty-four plates (disci), twelve dishes (paropsides), and twelve cruets (acetabula) for the scholars' tables, weighing 83J lbs., at gd. per lb., £'^ 25. 'jcL A copper pot weighing 65 lbs., at 11^. per lb., 595. 7^. ; a brass ladle, 20^. ; a marble mortar, 25. ; two firkins for vinegar or milk, 20^. John Page, the London carrier, had 115. for the carriage of fish, hops, spices, and a piece * of raisins, weighing 5 J cwt.' '

* A sort of rush-light. Gilbert White, in his Natural History ofSeWomey sajrs of watch-lights : — * The wicks of these have two ribs of the rind or peel to support the pith, while the wick of the dipped rush has but one. The two ribs are intended to impede the progress of the flame and make the candle last' This sort of rush-light is still burnt in a functior over the fire-places in the scholars' chambers during the night.

^ This word is still used in the trade in a similar sense. ' Compare this rate of as. per cwt with the rate of 75. $</. per cwt for hops in 1645 ; HM/ip, p. 950.

a86 Annals of Winchesier C<dlege.

Cusius armorum in 1562 : —

' Prest-money ' for three soldiers, 7s. 6(L\ seven and a quarter yards of scarlet cloth, at 6s. 1^, — ^495.; three swords and three daggers (pugiones), 315. BcL\ '^reduct money," aos.; expenses of Walter Stempe and our three soldiers at Portsmouth daring two days, lots.'

Four corslets had been bought in 1560 for £6 85.

The horse which the Society swopped for another in 1564 must surely have been called ' Bacchus * by the more learned portion of the Society : — ' Item pro excambio unius equi vocati "bakehowse" xxxj" iiij<>/ The horse which was acquired by the exchange was worth £8. In 1565 they took another horse off the hands of Christopher Jonson for £3. But the cheapest horse was one which they bought at Andover of a poor man who was in jail there. The amount of the ijinkeeper*s lien for the keep of the horse had to be dischai^ed before the horse could be removed : —

'Sol. cuidam incarcerato in plena solucione pro equo empt. ab eodem cum sella et freno xxxiij" iiij^. Item pro pabulo eiusdem equi apud Andover a tempore quo idem incarceratus attachiatus est, v*.'

That the Societ^s affairs were prosperous at that period may be gathered from the frequent references to purchases of silver. Four silver cups and a 'bolle/ together with a new 'sigillum manuale,* or common seal', were bought in 1565 for £14 9s. 3rf. over and above the value of old plate given in ex- change. It is this practice of giving old plate in exchange for new that has robbed Colleges of more plate than the confisca- tions of Edward VI or the requisitions of Charles I. As often as new spoons and forks are wanted, away go the old spoons and forks to the melting pot, with a tankard or a salt or two thrown in to pay for the workmanship. And these the silversmith knows better than to melt in the present demand for old silver. In 1583 the Society bought three silver 'beere * cuppes,' parcel gilt, with lids, a ' pousshe pot ' for wine, and

' Money paid in advance as earnest, like the recruit's shilling now-a-days, or for the soldier to be ready to march at command. ' There's your press-money,' King Lear J Act iv. Sc. 6, where the reading should be *prest-money.* * Prcst * means ' ready/ Lat paraitts, * He maketh His angels as heralds to go, and lightnings to serve, we see also prest.* — Psalm civ. O. V,

' In the custody of the Warden, but no longer used.

Wardens Boxall and Stempe. 287

twelve spoons, weighing in all 96 oz^ at 55. per oz. ; a silver- gilt salt, vrith lid, for the Warden's table, weighing 19J oz., at 7s. per oz. ; twelve silver-gilt spoons, engraved ' W. E.,* weigh- ing i9ff oz., at 55. &/. ; four tankards, engraved with the founder's arms, weighing 82J oz., at 5s. 6d, per oz., for the Fellows* table; and five 'stoupes,' weighing 101 J oz. ; six ' bblles,' weighing 55 oz. ; five tankards, weighing 77 oz. ; and one * beere cuppe,* weighing 15J oz. : all at 5s. 6rf. per oz.

An allusion to theatricals at Christmas occurs in the accounts of the year 1565, through the accident of some part of the expense of the performance having been borne by the College in that year : — ' In exp. fact, circa ludos in feriis nataliciis xj« yj^/ These theatricals had taken the place of the festival of the boy-bishop. In the following year there was a riot, and no performance, but whether there was no performance in con- sequence of the riot, or a. riot in consequence of there being no performance, is not recorded. The scholars broke the lantern looking down the staircase of Hall, and the locks and keys and hinges of the doors, and, which is scarcely credible, smashed to pieces three of the scholars' tables.

'Sol. Will<^ vitreatori pro reparacione lantemae infixae muro ad ingressum aulae super gradus iiij<^ . . . item Joh. Chitte pro emendatione clavium, serarum et alionim ferramentorum circa fores aulae firactorum per scholares in Xti natalitiis xij^. . . . item Nicholao Carpentario laboranti p. ix dies capient. per diem vij^ et Radulpho Joyner laborant. p. iij dies cum apprenticio sue, capient per diem pro se x^ et pro apprenticio suo iiij^ in componend. tribus novis mensis pro scholaribus et pro emendand. soleis subter easdem viij" iij^ . . . Pro glutino (glue) occupat. in opere supradict. vj*.'

Another reference to theatricals, which lasted three days, occurs in the books of 1574 : —

*Pro diversis expensis circa scaffoldam (stage) erigendam et deponendam, et pro domunculis (scenery ?) de novo compositis cum carriagio et recarriagio ly joysts et aliorum mutuatorum ad eandem scafifoldam ; cum vij* pro ly links et j duoden. candelarum pro hunine exp. iij noctibus in ludis comoediarum et tragoediarum XXV* viij*.'

It would be in vain to inquire what plays the scholars acted on these three nights. A list of plays acted by the children of

a88 Annals of Winchester College.

St. Paul's School at that period is given in Dn Simpson's Gleanings from Old St PauTSf p. 113.

The organ was removed from Chapel to Hall during these theatricals.

The stones of St. Elizabeth^s College having been by this time used in building Meads Wall and repairs about the Col- lege, the Society after the year 1565 had recourse to the ruins of Hyde Abbey and St. Mary's Abbey, paying Richard Bethell, the owner of Hyde Abbey, for what stone they got there, and obtaining leave to dig in the foundations of St. Mary's Abbey. The following entries in the accounts of the year 1566 have reference to this subject : —

'Sol. M'^ Bethell pro ij ly tunnes magnorum lapidum in stauro habendo (to keep in stock) pro reparacione caminorum in coquind at alionim operum xx" . . . Item Ric. Lydford pro aggregacione predict, lapidum apud Hyde viij* .... Item Thome Borman pro efifodiendo ij bigat. lapidum in monasterio de Maria xxj^.'

All that was above ground of St. Mary's Abbey had, it seems, disappeared by this time.

The cost of a grindstone, described as ' aquatica rota rotunda ad acuenda instrumenta carpentarii' in the Bursars* book of 1574, was 3s.

Henry Garnet, the Jesuit, who suffered at Tyburn, in 1606, for complicity in the Gunpowder Plot, which is said to have been revealed to him under the seal of confession *, entered College in the year 1567. A note in the margin of the Register asserts that he left the School in disgrace, but gives no par- ticulars. Fuller^ alleges that Garnet was guilty (amongst other things) of conspiring to cut off Bilson the schoolmaster's right hand. Evidently Bilson did not flog left-handed. A silly story, perhaps, but evidence that Garnet was one of the senior boys when he was expelled, inasmuch as Bilson did not become schoolmaster till the year 1571.

Some of the items in the staurus expensarum for 1567 may be quoted here : —

Oxen and heifers, forty-two, value, £i2r] 10s, lod, ; besides one ox from Eling, (a heriot) a heifer from the tenant at Huntbome, and three old cows from Stoke Park.

^ Bishop Challenor's Missionary Priesis, Martyrs to tht Catholic Faith^ p. 303. * Church History, X. xvii.

Wardens Boxall and Stempe. 289

Sheep, 700, value £1^^ 19s. id. ; whereof thirty-nine were resold, two were given to the prisoners in gaol, one was cooked and eaten at Stoke Park when the new granary was built * and one died.

Calves, forty-two, and three from Thomas Smith, the lessee of Allington, in part of rent

£ 5. d.

Brawn and pork 144

Salt fish and Lenten victuals 26 12 4

Hops, 7} cwt 7 10 8

Rabbits, 38 dozen and four couple 13 10 9

Cheese, 9} cwt 738

Sugar, 521b. 2 oz 2 6 9}

Raisins, prunes and figs 6 5 <>}

Spices 3 18 7

Beans, i qr. 6 bus 142

Mustard, i bushel 068

Vinegar and verjuice i 11 9

Olive oil I 15 o

Bay and table salt' i 14 o

Charcoal, 28 loads 798

Talwood, 7600 logs 5 ^3 4

Besides 7200 logs from Stoke Park, and iioo from Allington.

Faggots, 8000 ID 18 4

Candles, 20 doz. lbs. in Hall 2 10 o

„ 8 „ Chapel o 16 o

„ 10 „ Chambers 100

„ 23^ „ watcfilights 270

Wax candles for Warden's table at Christmas, 4 lbs. . 018

The carriage from Holborn Bridge of the following groceries, weighing in all 8 cwt. i qr., cost 165. 6rf. in 1568 : Two pieces of raisins, 29 lbs. sugar, 4 lbs. almonds, 2 lbs. rice, 3 drums (capnelli) of figs, 20 lbs. prunes, i cask of eels.

John Pits (Pitseus), the author of De Illustribus A ngliae Scrip- toribus, a native of Alton in Hampshire, was a scholar of the year 1571. His mother was a sister of Nicholas Sanders, the Jesuit. William Tucker, of Exeter, and Richard Merydith, of Bath, were scholars of the year 1573, and became Deans of

^ This was a building of timber 53jft. long, which had cost £3 us. 4^. to erect, and 15& lod. for felling and tarring the timber.

' From the salterns at Lymington, where the brine was evaporated in pans. The inside of a saltern at Lymington with the manner of making salt is depicted in Rowlandson's Tour in a Post'Chaise, 178a.

U

290

Annals of Winchester College.

Lichfield and Wells respectively. Henry Martyn, a scholar of the year 1577, became Judge of the Admiralty Court and Dean of Arches, and finally Judge of the Prerogative Court. John Owen, of Bettws Gannon, a scholar of the same year, was the epigrammatist After graduating at New College, he became master of a free grammar school near Monmouth, and in 1594 obtained the mastership of a similar school at Warwick. He died poor in 1622, having been, according to the story, struck out of the will of a rich uncle who disapproved of his epigrams^ especially this one : —

' An Petrus fuerat Romae sub judice lis est : Simonem Romae nemo fuisse negat^.'

John Heath, his senior by a few years (he was admitted in 1569), published Two Centuries of Epigrammes in 1610, with a dedication to Bishop Bilson.

John Hoskyns, a scholar of 1579, was expelled from New College in the year 1593, for insolence in the character of Terrae Filius or University Bufibon ', but marrying a rich wife, went to the Bar, and became a serjeant-at-law and justice itinerant of Wales, dying in 1628. The verses on the Trusty Servant have been attributed to him (Rev. J. E. Jackson, Notes and Queries, ist ser. vi. 495).

Richard Heydocke (adm. 1580), of Greywell in Hampshire, gained notoriety by pretending to preach in his sleep, inveighing against the Pope, the hierarchy, and the use of the cross in baptism. James I, in his princely wisdom, discerned the fraud. Heydocke lived to a great age in Salisbury, practising physic there, and was moreover an excellent poet, limner, and surgeon '.

* He was also author of the following : —

' Plurimus in caelis amor est, connubia nulla : Conjugia in terns plurima, nuUus amor.' ' See Diary of John Evelyn, July 10, 1669, for his opinion of this part of the Encaenia. ' StoW| AhmoIs, 1605.

)

CHAPTER XVII. Warden Bilson (1582-1596).

Bilson^s career. — Schoolmaster, Warden, Bishop. — He detects a forgery. — Truant Scholars. — Bishop Lake. — Thomas Bastarde. — Ralph Bayley. — ' Bath waters. — LydiaL — The Whytes. — Twisse of Newbury. — Sir Thomas

J Ryvcs. — ^The Coryats.-rUse of forks at table. — Price of pewter. — Plague in

' 1594- — ^r. Grent — Greek mendicants.

■

Thomas Bilson (adm. 1559) was, like Stempe, a native of Winchester. He was schoolmaster at the date of his appoint- ment, having succeeded Christopher Jonson in 1571 at the early age of 23 \ He was the first Protestant Warden, and the I first married one. Having distinguished himself in 1593 by a

\ work entitled The Perpetual Government of Chrisfs Churchy he

: was raised to the See of Worcester in 1596, and translated to

Winchester in the following year. Under James I he was a ■ Privy Councillor. He died June 18, 1616, and was buried in

Westminster Abbey. According to the Biographia Britannica^ he 'did a very important service to the College by preserving the revenues of it when they were like to be swallowed up by a notorious forgery.' An account of this forgery which im- perilled the title to some College property at Downton, and of its detection by Bilson, will be found in the preface to his work, entitled The True Difference between Christian Subjection and Unchristian Rebellion. A bag of writings labelled ' Fanstone's Forgeries ' is preserved in the muniment room. The documents in it were given up when the author of the fraud was restrained by the injunction of the Court of Chancery from prosecuting his daim to the property in dispute.

Nothing that occurred during Bilson's mastership is recorded,

^ He had testimonials from Archbishop Parker and the Bishops of London (Sandys) ; Ely (Cox) ; Rochester (Gheast) ; and Chichester (Curtis).

U 2

I

2g2 Annals of Winchester College.

beyond the fact that in the year 1579 some of the scholars ran away and were brought back by one of the Fellows who rode after the truants. The tale of their grievance, whatever it was, reached the Court either of the Queen or the bishop, and two of the Fellows went up to London about it : —

' Pro ezp. M'^ BoUes et Job. Budde equitantium ad reducendos scolares aufugientes, x* x* . . . . Item pro exp. M** Chaundler et M^ BoUes equitant. cum duobus famulis ad curiam circa querelas scolarium, xxxv" j*.*

What the result of their journey was is not recorded.

Custus armorum in 1581 : — ' Pro bombardo xj* vj^ : ijlb. pul- veris sulfurei ij* viij^: pro coruscando (burnishing) ly head- piece, vjd. Item Loricke, militi conducto, pro ly prest-money* et pro regardo in progressu suo xj» viij^.' Loricke was the College contingent to the royal train band, and his retaining fee and allowance for the annual muster came to this sum. Five years later there were two of these men, Bufforde and Carleton ; and they had between them &/. for prest-money and 85. ' pro diebus servitii.'

Arthur Lake (or Lakes), a scholar of 1581, became Warden of New College, and rose to be Bishop of Bath and Wells (1618-24). He founded a library in the vestry of Bath Abbey Church, which Bishop Ken endowed with 160 volumes, chiefly of Spanish and Portuguese authors, and added a large number of bdbks to the library of New College. The portrait of Lake in the hall there was painted in 1627 by Greenbury, from the original by Cornelius Jansen.

Thomas Bastarde (adm. 1582) was an epigrammatist only second to Owen. His epigram on his three wives runs thus : —

* Terna mihi variis juncta est aetatibus uxor, Haec juveni, ilia viro, tertia nupta seni. Prima est propter opus teneris mihi juncta sub annis, Altera propter opes, tertia proptjer opem.'

Custus stabuli in 1582 : —

* John Lyon, saddler, for a new saddle, with bridle, &c. (hamessiae),

135. 4^. ; three headstalls, 4s. dcL ; physic for Warden's horse and one

of the College horses, i6d. ; eleven dozen cakes of horsebread, iia;

forty-five shoes, 115. 3^. ; forty-seven removes, 35. iid.\ a load of

straw, 5s. ; a horse at grass fourteen weeks, 14s. ; four horsecloths,

85.'

^ Antty p. 2861

Warden Bilson. 293

Ralph Bayley (adm. 1583) practised medicine at Bath, and is described in the local guide as a profound judge of wine, an epicure, and a lover of sport. He is buried in Widcombe old churchyard. The first reference to the Bath waters occurs in the Bursars* book of 1584, in the shape of a grant to a poor man named Haycrofte from the parish of St. Faith, who seems to have been sent to Bath by subscription. The Society sent a kitchen lad to Bath in 1601, for the cure of his malady, which was probably rheumatism. The place is elegantly called 'Baiae* in the Bursars' books of the last century *.

A visit from the Earl of Leicester in 1583 is thus noticed : —

' Sol. Joh. Hinckes laboranti iij dies et dim. in purgandis diversis locis in adventu DnT Comitis Lecester xj*.'

Thomas Lydiat, of AUington, the unfortunate scholar im- mortalized by Dr. Johnson in his Vanity of Human Wishes, was admitted in 1584, and succeeded to New College as a matter of course, being a founder's kinsman. Poetry apart, Lydiat was a man to be envied of other poor scholars, with his pro- vision for life in New College. However, he got into difficulties through being surety for a friend, and lay in Bocardo till Warden Pinke and others laid down the money and released him. Then he threw up his Fellowship, and when he published his great unmarketable work on chronology, Emendatio Tent' porutn ab initio mundihuc usque compendio facta contra Scaligerum et alios, he was nearly or quite destitute. Archbishop Usher, who had subscribed to get him out of Bocardo, obtained for him a small appointment in Trinity College, Dublin, but he threw it up, and returning to England, existed on the living of Alkerton, Oxon, until his death in 1646.

Josiah Whyte (adm. 1584) and his brother John (adm. 1587) were Puritan divines of eminence. Josiah held the New College living of Hornchurch,"and John was Chaplain of the Savoy and Rector of Holy Trinity, Dorchester. The latter was known as the Patriarch of Dorchester; and, as we shall see later on, might have been intruded as Warden at Winchester, if Harris had possessed less tact and judgment.

^ Another Wykehamist, Dr. John Peirce (adm. 1750), was a leading physician here for many years.

^94 Annals of Winchester College.

Thomas James (adm. 1586) was appointed first Bodle3r's librarian in 1612.

In the Bursars' book of 1587, arrows and quivers, muskets and gunpowder, are jumbled together under custus armorumi —

' Sol. Ragget et Tarleton, militibus conductis, pro ly prest money ij"; pro ly muskett, viij"; pro j lb. match, viij*; pro spiculis et emendacione sagittarum xij» ; pro ly calyver cum pertinentiis, xiv* ; pro pharetra, viij* ; pro j lb. pulveris sulfurei, xvj* ; pro yj calyvers, vj westcotes, ij musketts, xxxyj*.'

At this time Belchamber, the College armourer, was paid 25. 6d, quarterly for looking after the arms and armour.

A sad accident in the brewhouse is noticed in the Bursars' book of 1588 :—

' Dat ad sepulturam cuiusdam incidentis in ly vat in brasino, vij^ : uxori eiusdem intuitu charitatis iij" iiij<^.'

Under custus panetriae in 1589 is an item of 8^. for hemming three table cloths and four oyster cloths. The latter item occurs again and again. Twelve ells of 'Osenbrygge* for table cloths cost 85. 6rf. in this year.

Thomas Ryves, of Blandford (adm. 1590), became Judge of the Prerogative Court, Dublin, and died in 1652. He was author of the Vicar's Plea, a book advocating the case of poor vicars against impropriators.

William Twisse, a scholar of the same year, was the son of a clothier at Newbury. He exchanged the New College living of Newnton Longville for Newbury in 1620. In the begin- ning of the Civil War he sided with the Parliament, and was chosen Prolocutor of the Westminster Assembly of Divines in 1641. He died in London in 1646, and was buried in West- minster Abbey, the House of Commons and the Assembly attending the funeral. His portrait, painted in 1644, hangs in the vestry of the parish church of Newbury \

Thomas Coryat, another scholar of 1590, seems to have been a son of George Coryat (adm. 1557), who was Rector of Od- combe and a Prebendary of York, and wrote poems. Thomas Coryat was removed to Westminster School at an early age, and then entered Gloucester Hall in the University of Oxford, after which he served Henry, Prince of Wales. In 1608 he set

* Money*s History of Newbi^.ry^ p. 583.

/

X

Warden Bilson. ^95

out on hi$ travels, an account of which he published on his return under the title of Coryafs CrudiHes, In 1612 he set out for the East, and died at Surat in 161 7. He has the fame of introducing the use of table forks into England. On this he says: — ►

' I observed a custom in all those Italian clues and townes through which I passed that is not used in any other country that I saw in my travels, neither do I thinke that any other nation of Christendom use it, but only Italy. The Italians, and also most strangers that are commorant in Italy, doe always at their meals use a little forke when they eat their meate : for while with their knife, which they hold in one hand, they cut the meate out of the dish, they fasten the forke, which they hold in the other hand, upon the same dish; so that whatsoever he be that sitting in the company of any others at meale, should inadvisedly touch the dish of meat with his fingers, from which all the table doe cut, he will give occasion of offence unto the company, as having transgressed the laws of good manners, inso- much that for his error he shall be at least browbeaten, if not reprehended in wordes. This form of feeding, I understand, is generally used in all parts of Italy, their forkes for the most part being made of yron or Steele, and some of silver, but these are used only by gendemen. The cause of this curiosity is because the Italian cannot by any means indure to have his dish touched with fingers, seeing all men's fingers are not alike cleane. Hereupon I myself thought it good to imitate the Italian fashion by this forked cutting of meate, not only while I was in Italy, but also in Germany, and oflen times in England since I came home ; being once quipped for that frequently using my forke by a certain learned gentleman, a friend of mine, Mr. Lawrence Whitaker, who, in his merry humour, doubted not to call me at table, Furcifer, only for using a forke at feeding, but for no other cause.'

It is impossible to say when ' the use of forks at feeding * began in College. In Coryat's time, and indeed until the end of the last century, the boys provided their own knives, which were made broad and round at the end, for the purpose of con- veying food to the mouth. The knife which was bought for Philip Bryan in the year 1395^ was bought for him because he was Founder's kin. Ordinary boys provided their own knives, and forks too, when forks came into use ; a fact which makes it impossible to say when forks did come into use at tlie scholars' tables. In his letter to Sir Samuel Romilly, Brougham

' Ante, p. 95.

296 Annals of Winchester College.

twits the Society with neglect to provide forks for the use of the scholars ; and all that Mr. Liscombe Clarke, the apologist of the Society, had to say in reply was that he expected that the Warden and Fellows would take the subject into consider* ation. This was in the year 1818.

Under custus panetriae in the year 1594 there are entries relating to a set or garnish of pewter, comprising twelve large platters, twelve small platters, twelve large potegers (soup- plates), twelve small potegers, twelve sallet dishes (first men- tioned here), and twelve saucers, weighing nearly 126 lbs., which cost, at 8d. per lb., £4 35. 4^. * The price of pewter had therefore doubled within the space of a century. In the next year it rose to i2d. per lb., and in another thirty years to i^, per lb.

We learn from the following entries in the accounts of 1594 that the city and neighbourhood of the College was visited by the plague, during which a species of quarantine was imposed on the inhabitants to prevent the disorder spreading to the surrounding country. It does not appear that any cases oc- curred within the College walls : —

* Dat. pauperibus Winton. inclusis tempore infectionis, v* ; pauperi- bus de Kingsgate St. inclusis ob contagium, v*.'

Thomas Grent (adm. 1595) became a physician at Winches- ter, and in his old age (1657-9) had a quarterly allowance of £1 55. from the College. Shall we say for medical attend- ance on the scholars? If so, this is an exceptional case. Medical attendance is not mentioned in the statutes, and was an extra until recent changes.

Custus stabuli in 1595 : —

* Seventy-seven horse shoes, 195. 3^. ; fifty-seven removes, 45. 9c/. ; nine drenches, 6s. ; a currycomb (strigil), Sd. ; three loads of straw, 215. ; pro curando pede equine, as. 6d. ; pro curandi gangrena in ore equi (a case of lampas), 6d. ; three new saddles, &c. ad progressum vernalem (for the Spring Progress) £^ 9s. 5^. ; bleeding the horses, lod:

' A garnish of pewter, according to Harrison, who wrote his Disai^ion of England in 1530, * usually doth contain twelve platters, twelve dishes and twelve saucers.' He adds, * In some places beyond the sea a garnish of good flat English pewter is esteemed almost as pretious as the like number of vessels made of fine silver.' This circumstance may account for the rise in the price of pewter referred to in the text.

Warden Bilson. 297

Disiributto pauperibus, same year : —

'A poor Greek, 35. 4^.; a Greek archbishop, for redeeming Christians from captivity, 6s. ; sundry Greeks, 6s. ; maimed soldiers,

Under custus pasturae de Stoke the following items occur : —

£ 5. d, Half-a-quarter of peas to fat a boar (pro impinguendo

apro) 068

Grubbing roots of trees 08a

Forty-four horse shoes o 7 3

Tv^enty-six removes o i i

Tiventy-two rods of paling (pro compositione 22 perti-

carum ly pale) o 11 o

One yeare reserved rent to Bishop of Winchester . 700 Haymaking (pro falcando et componendo feno hoc

anno) , 0320

Under custus mokndtni: —

Pro emendatione ly millpecke (the tool used to dress

the millstone) 010

A new millstone bought of Bowen of Alresford . • 600

Under custus gardini etpratorum : —

Boles, labouring fourteen days 036

Robert Scott, thirty-six days work in meads . 090

One lb. of onion seed and other seeds . . . . 031

Mole catcher 004

Pitman, cleansing the Lockburn (ly lokbome) . 009

CHAPTER XVIIL Warden Harmar (1596-1613).

Harmar a Greek scholar. — One of the translators of the New Testament — Richard Zouch. — Sir Walter Raleigh's TriaL — Mandate of James L — Scholars at Silkstead. — ^Archbishop Bancroft's Injunctions. — Bishop Hyde. — Benefices of Wymering and Widley.

John Harmar (adm. 1569) was a native of Newbury. He was Professor of Greek at Oxford in 1588, when he was chosen to succeed Hugh Lloyd, Bilson's successor, as schoolmaster. He was one of the translators of the Bible in 1607-11, the part assigned to him being the four Gospels, the Acts, and the Revelation, in company with seven other Oxford men, namely, Dr. Ravis, Dean of Christ Church, afterwards Bishop of Lon- don ; Dr. Abbott, Master of University College, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury; Dr. Eedes ; Mr. Tomson, afterwards Bishop of Gloucester; Sir Henry Savile, Provost of Eton, 1596- 1622 ; Dr. Perin, afterwards Canon of Christ Church ; and Dr. Ravens '. He was, according to Wood, a subtle Aristotelian, and, besides being well read in Patristic theology, was a most noted Latinist and Grecian. He was a benefactor to the libraries of both Colleges, and edited the Homilies of St. Chrysostom. His nephew, John Harmar (adm. 1608), was also Professor of Greek at Oxford, and, according to Wood, a tolerable Latin poet. Harmar was not elected Warden without a contest, his op- ponents being Henry Cotton, who was backed by Queen Elizabeth, and George Ryves, who Antony Beely and five other Fellows, in a letter to Sir Robert Cecil, say is well bom, bred, and quali- fied, and also unmarried — a circumstance which should have

* A copy of the Authorised Version cost the Society 425. in 16 14. Another copy cost 505. in 161 5.

Warden Harmar,

7,99

availed with the Virgin Queen *. The Warden and thirty- four Fellows of New College also petitioned the Queen in favour of Ryves.

Distributio pauperibus in 1597-8 : —

'Five soldiers, 35. 41/.; a poor man in holy orders, as. 6d.; to Deane, formerly a scholar (adm. 1578), 35. 4^.; an Irish lady (generosa Hibemica), as. 6d, ; pro redimendo captivo in Flandria,

Cusiiis coquinae in 1599 : —

' Two powdering tubbes * (for salting meat), 5s. ; colouring the walls of the kitchen, 45. ; two lbs. glue to make size for the colour, 8c/. ; a mincing knife, iSd, ; paid the ratcatcher, Sd,

At the election of the same year a hogshead of claret cost £7 I05., and another £6 105. *Caecubum,' often mentioned, and here only defined as ' Spanish wine,' quantity not stated, cost 365.

John Pocock, the College militia man, was paid 50s. for attending a muster in London, and had 105. after his return home, while he was sick. His coat {tunica) cost 255. ; mending his carbine, i8c/. ; a bullet pouch, 6d. ; twenty-six lbs. gun- powder, 275. 4rf. ; twelve pikes, 9s.

Richard Zouch, of Anstey, Wilts (adm. 1601), wasan advocate of Doctor's Commons, and in 1620 became Professor of Civil Law in the University of Oxford. Charles I made him Judge of the Admiralty Court. Oliver Cromwell put him on the Commission for the trial of Don Pantaleon Sa, the Portuguese Ambassador's brother, who was executed for killing a gentle- man in an affray at Westminster. After the Restoration Zoi^ch was reinstated at the Admiralty Court, and died March x, 1660-1.

In the autumn of 1603 the Courts of Law, which usually sat at Westminster, were transferred to Winchester, in conse- quence of the plague which was raging in London at that time. The County Hall was at the same time made ready for holding a Special Commission of Oyer and Terminer for the trial of Sir Walter Raleigh and his companions, on November 14', and

' Domestic State Papers^ vol. cclix, June 4, 1596.

* Shakespeare, Hen. V. Act ii. Sc i.

• See Sir Thomas Overbury*s ArraigMfnent and Conviction of Sir Walter Raleigh at the King's Bench Barre at Winchester.

300 Annals of Winchester College.

precepts were directed to the Sheriff of Hants to bring up the body of Sir Walter Raleigh into the great hall of Winchester Castle on Thursday, Nov. 17, and for the return of a common jury for the trial on that day. The Commissioners were Henry Howard, Earl of Suffolk, the Lord Chamberlain ; Charles Blunt, Earl of Devon ; Lord Henry Howard, afterwards Eari of Northampton ; Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury ; Edward Lord Wootton of Morley ; Sir John Stanhope, Vice-Chamber- lain; Lord Chief Justice Popham; Anderson, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas ; Justices Gawdy and Warburton ; and Sir William Wade. There is no foundation for the belief that the trial took place at Wolvesey. The ordinary jail delivery probably took place there. King James seems, as was his wont, to have given attention to the details of this memor- able trial, and required the College, arbitrarily enough, to find lodgings for the judges. He addressed the following letter to the Warden with this object : —

* James R.

* Trustie and well beloved, we greet you well. Whereas we, by the advice of our Privy Council, have appointed the terme to be holden at our Citty of Winchester, and our Courts of Justice to be kept in the Bishop's Pallace there called Wolvesy. We let you know that we have made choice of your Colledge, being nere adjoin- ing to the said Pallace, for the lodging of our Judges and Sergeants, that they may better attend our service and the administration of common justice to our subjects. Wherefore our pleasure is, and hereby we require and straightly command you, the Warden and Fellowes of the same Colledge, that you remove yourselves and your Fellowes from the said Colledge unto some place appointed by your Founder in like case of necessitie or speciall occasion, and forthwith to yield your house and lodgings to the said judges and sergeants for their aboad so long as the said term shall continue. For which we are well pleased to dispense with any your private statute or ordinance to the contrary.

* Given under our signet at Wilton, the first daie of November in the first yere of our raigne.'

The Society obeyed this injunction to the extent of turning out the scholars, who were sent to Silkstead, the farm on the downs, four miles or thereabouts to the south-west of Win- chester, which gave a surname to the Prior of St. Swithun's, who lengthened the Lady Chapel of the Cathedral a century

Warden Harmar. 301

earlier. The Society borrowed^ the farm-house there and fitted it up for the reception of the scholars, much as they had fitted up the farm buildings at Moundsmere fifty years earlier. The following entries occur in the Bursars' book for this year: —

* Carriage of timber to Silkstead, 35. 41/. ; nails, as. loe/. ; two carpenters twenty days, 405. ; a labourer ten days, 6s. Sd, ; smith, sundry jobs, 65. Bd, ; fern to roof the latrines, 35. lod, ; cleansing the rooms, &c., 2s. 11^. ; a new well bucket, 2s. ; bedsteads, £^ 17s. ; given to the poor on leaving, 4^.*

Twenty-two years later a few scholars, for what reason does not appear, were boarded out at Silkstead (rusticabantur) from the end of October, 1625, to the middle of May, 1626.

The fees on the renewal of the Charter of Privileges on the accession of James I were as follows : — Signet, £4 6s. 8d. ; privy seal, 465. 8rf. ; expedition fee, 185. Sd. ; Attorney- General's fiat, £4 ; Great Seal and other fees, £13 45. 6d, ; fine on renewal, £19 185. lod. ; so that the officials got more than the King by £4 175. Qd.

Distribulio pauperibus in 1603-7 : —

* A shipwrecked Scotchman (Scoto naufrago), 5s. ; Ashborne, an inhabitant of Kingsgate St. on enlisting (militaturo), 12^. ; villagers of Chilcomb, whose houses had been burned, aos. ; a traveller of Greece, 6s. ; three Cornish soldiers, 4s. 6d. ; an Irish minister with wife and children, isd. ; other poor Irish folk, 4^/. ; a poor German, V2d. ; a poor minister named Bonde, who had been a scholar \ 2s. 6d, ; a poor Scotchman, 12^.'

Archbishop Bancroft's injunctions of 1608 ' are printed here for the sake of the light which they throw on the domestic affairs of the Society at this period. The Commissioners were Bishop Bilson, Dr. Thomas Ridley, and Dr. Lake, afterwards Bishop of Bath and Wells; and they visited the College on January 11, 1607-8. The Warden and Fellows protested at first, but ultimately submitted to the Archbishop's jurisdiction. The occasion of this visitation was the case of Richard Borne,

' I say this, because nothing is said about any rent Perhaps the owner lent the place in consideration of the money which the College authorities were going to spend upon it

' Qy- John, adm. 1569, or Richard, adm. 1560.

* Wilkins' Concilia, iv. 434.

3oa Annals of Winchester College.

a Fellow, in whose election in the preceding year there had been an irregularity ; and the Archbishop removed him.

*i. Imprimis. That noe timber trees growing in the woods or upon the lands of the College be given to any whosoever upon any Occasion, nor that any of the said timber trees be sold but upon very extraordinary and urgent occasions, and then not without the consent of the more part of the Fellows, unlesse it be for the ne- cessary reparations of the Colledge houses to be allowed by the Warden att the motion of the Rider or one of the Bursars.

*2. Item. That the Fellow which rideth the Progress with the Warden be not only made privy to all the fines raised upon the grants of copyholds, but give his consent for the time that he is Rider to the pitching of the fines assessed either by the Warden or the Steward : And that neither the Steward nor he who occu- pieth that place shall by any meanes, without the Warden and Rider of the Progresse, rate or appoint any fines for copyhold lands to the use of the Colledge, or any other. Also that an extract of the grants of copyholds, and of fines raised thereon, shall yearly be made, that at the time of supervision they may be presented to the Warden and Supervisors of Newe Colledge in Oxford, if they shall think good to call for them, that soe it maye appear what sincere dealing there is for the profitt of the Colledge.

'3. Item. That the Warden's Allowance for his dyett be con- tinued according to the rate lately agreed upon in writing, by the Warden, Subwarden and Fellows : And this to be allowed to the Warden as well in his absence as in his presence, because he is contented with a lesser rate than formerly he hath had, and now requireth no allowance for festival and gaudy dayes ; saving that, when he lyeth abroad upon the Charge and Expense of the College, the proportion and allowance made unto him at home shall be but according to the rate and number of those who remain att home upon the Colledge allowance.

*4. Item. That the Dyet and Allowance for the Fellows be according to the proportion lately agreed upon in writing by the Warden, Subwarden and Fellows, and soe to continue, unless it shall appeare that the house is not able to bear the charge thereof, and then to be ordered by the c6nsent of the Warden, Subwarden, and major part of the Fellows ; and that this dyett of the Fellows shall not be taken but only in the Colledge Hall except it be in time of sicknesse to be taken in their chambers by the allowance of the Warden, or in his absence of the Subwarden : And ths^t noe bread and beer be carried out of the Colledge, either into any of the Fellows* private houses or to any other place.

Warden Harmar.

303

'5. Item. That no three of consanguinity of affinity with the Warden or any other of the Fellows shall hereafter be permitted to be Fellows of that House together : and that noe two of any such consanguinity or affinity be chosen or suffered to be officers in any one year. In this place consanguinity is not meant to be farther extended than to cousin-germans, nor affinity further than to the same proportion of degree.

'6. Item. That the store of the CoUedge in lead, glass, stone, timber, and such like necessaries be not taken or employed by the Warden or any other member of that house without consent of the three officers, or the most part of the Fellows, and that by noe means they be employed to any private use out of the said Colledge, except they be first bought and paid for by the party that will soe use them.

* 7. Item. That neither the Warden nor any Fellow of that House make any new additions, alterations or buildings at the Colledge charge to those that are already sett upp in the Colledge, without consent of the most part of the Fellows.

*8. Item. That the Parke called Stoke Parke be not alienated, leased, or applyed to any private man's use : but that the wood and all other the profitts rising from the same be converted to the publick good of the House : and that it shall not be lawful for the occupyer of that parke to till or convert any part of that parke to his private use, but such as shall be allotted by the Warden and more part of the Fellows, to be continued and altered as they shall find cause : And at every auditt it shall be straightly examined by those who take the accompts, whether the best profitt be made for the Colledge or not : and that the said accompts so examined shall be ready to be shewed to the supervisors, if they will call for them.

'9. Item. That the College horses maintained in the said parke, and likewise kept in the College stable, be not employed to any private man's use : neither shall the Warden putt any other horse of his own or his friends into the said parke, saving such as are allowed unto him by the Colledge ; neither shall any Fellow or other person belonging to that Colledge putt any horse of his own or of any other into the said parke upon any pretence whatsoever.

' 10. Item. That the Wardens of both CoUedges and other Electors doe not singly and for themselves name any schoUar to be chosen into that Colledge, or to be spedd from thence unto Newe Colledge in Oxford, but that they jointly concurr for the electing of those which are most worthy : and that noe man shall reporte, or as far as in him lyeth, give cause that other men reporte this or that place which is to be filled to be the private place, nomination, or election or design*

304 Annals of Winchester College.

ment of any one elector, but to be the joynt and publick choice and election of the whole number, or at least of the greatest part of them.

'ii. Item. That no schoolmaster, usher, chaplain, clerk, chorister or servant of that CoUedge be elected or accepted into the same for any money or reward, directly, or indirectly : And that neither Usher nor Schoolmaster be admitted into that Colledge before they have subscribed to the Articles mentioned in the 77th Canon : And that neither the Schoolmaster, Usher, nor any Fellow of that House at any time, extort, challenge, or insert into his accompts, or any ways take or receive any summe of money for chamber rent, or for being tutor to any of the schollars within or without the said Colledge.

' 12. Item. That neither the Warden nor any Officer or Fellow of that House obtrude on the Colledge their badde and uncleane wheat and barley made into malt, growing att their parsonages, for such prices as pleaseth themselves to the hurt of the rest of the Fellows and Scholars there as well in their dyet as in their expenses : And that it shall not be lawful for any servant of that House, be he baker or brewer, or any other, to accept and receive, to the Colledge use any such corne without the oversight and allow- ance of the Warden, Subwarden, and Bursers for the time being, and the price first agreed upon by them.

* 13. Item. That in the Warden's journeying to London and abiding there about the business of the Colledge as well the causes of his going as his expenses for the time be duly considered by those with whom by statute it apperteineth, who are carefully to look that no superfluous burthen be laid upon the College.

' 14. Item. That no grant of land, house, or other inheritance of the said Colledge, nor any weighty cause, which may prejudice or endanger that House, be concluded without the deliberate and expresse consent of the greater part of all the Fellows of the said Colledge, collegiately assembled, and that nothing be sealed with the Common Seal of that Colledge but in the presence of all such as are att that time Fellows of the Colledge.

*i5. Item. That noe man shall receive any part of the College rents but such as are appointed thereto by the statute of that Colledge : And that the rents so received shall presently be lockt upp in the common chest, and not taken thence, butt by the consent of those whom the Founder hath appointed for the purpose : And that no bargain for wheat, malt, or any other victuals or provisions shall be taken upon trust to the use of the Colledge, att any other prices than shall be first agreed upon by the Warden, Subwarden, and Bursers : and that whoesoever shall be sent or trusted to make

Warden Hamtar. 305

provisions in gross for the Colledge (other than for the week's expences), upon his return or within two dayes after any such bar^ gaine made shall yeild a true accompt thereof unto the said Warden, Sub- Warden, and Bursers or to soe many of them as be then att home.

* 16. Item, that before all elections of Fellows and Officers suffi- cient time and publick or personall warning be given to all the Fellows, that they may assemble to the said election * : and that noe man be accompted or admitted as lawfully elected to any fellowship or office in that Colledge without the consent of the Warden and the greater part of those who att that time are Fellows of that Colledge.

*I7. Item, that the common servants of the Colledge, as the baker, brewer, and butlers, be not entertained with the Warden's liveries or wages, but that they be obedient and subject to the Sub- Warden and Bursers' check and correction when they doe amiss, as other the Colledge servants should be and are.

*i8. Item, that the Supervisors doe yearly come to the Election the Monday night and depart on the Friday morning next following : and that no Fellow of that Colledge att the Election time doe bring in any strangers to meales.

'19. Item, that the Fellows when they goe out of town shall signify the same unto the Warden, as for other reasons, so also • that in the meane time commons may be spared to the behoofe of the Colledge.

'ao. Item, that for soe much as the Commoners ought not by the Statute to be burthensome to the Colledge, they shall every one of them hereafter pay for their commons four shillings by the weeke in the same manner that the former weekly summes for their com- mons were paid.

* 21. Item, that the accompts for every quarter be duly cast upp, and especially that the accompts for Michaelmas quarter be ended and perfected before the beginning of the auditt.

* 23. Item, that the Bursers upon the ending of their accompts shall pay and satisfy all things due to the Colledge, or putt in suffi- cient caution within one month to doe the same, or to lose all benefitt ivhich they should reape in and of the Colledge till all things be satisfyed.

•-as. Item, that the Cooke doe monthly yeild an accompt of his- ■| vessell, and the Bursers yearly bring in their inventory : and soe

also the Warden to do for those things that be within his charge.

* See Chapter XXII. X

I

3o6 Annals of Winchester College.

'24. Item, that each Fellow while it is their course to celebrate divine service shall be within the CoUedge, and for the weeke of their course be every day present at morning prayer at six of the clock, soe to give good example and encouragement unto others for frequenting the same.'

Warden Pinke had occasion to reiterate some of the above injunctions at the scrutiny of 1617, and in subsequent years. The Society seems to have wanted a tonic at that period. He required the Fellows, chaplains, and lay-clerks to attend morning and evening prayer. The Fellows were to dine in Hall daily, and, if they supped, they were to sup there, and not in their chambers. The Sub- Warden and four senior Fellows were to eat at the high table, the rest at the Mensa CollaUralis. Fellow Commoners were to pay the full value of their diet. The Warden was to keep the key of the beer-cellar, and the meat served at the scholars' tables was to be of full weight, so that they might not be driven to buy food out of doors ^

Disiributio pauperibus, 1609-13 : —

* Two Greek travellers, 15. ; two poor Greeks, 25. ; collector for village of Btdford \ consumed by fire, 25. ; one who had been wrecked at sea, and lost his goods by fire, 12^. ; a Greek who was collecting money (object not stated), los. ; a Greek archbishop, 2s. 6<1; a kinsman of Archbishop Cranmer, 2s. 6e/. ; two Chaldeans, i2t/.'

Alexander Hyde, of St. Mary's, Southampton (adm. 1610), became Dean of Winchester and Bishop of Salisbury (1665-7). His predecessor in the See, Earles, had been a Commoner.

The following books were bought in London in 1610 : —

£ s. </.

Stephani Concordantia 076

Lorinus in Actis, Sapientia, Epistolis Catholicis et

Ecclesiasti 260

Zanchii Miscell. et Epistolae o 19 o

Gregory of Valence 160

The carriage of these books from London cost 3s. 4^/.

^ It does not appear what weight of meat per head was considered sufficienL Whatever quantity was supplied, the cooks seem to have darned portions of it as tiieir perquisite, just as the nurses at Christ's Hospital did in Charies Lamb's day (Essays of Elia, Ckrisfs HospUal fiue-antUtkirty years ago). The Society did not dare to do more than limit and define these perquisites on this occasion.

* Adjoining the College Manor of Durrington, Wilts.

I

Warden Harmar. 307

The Society became temporarily patrons of the benefices of Wymering and Widley, near Portsmouth, about the year 1612, under the following circumstances : — Warden Harmar having filed a bill on the equity side of the Court of Exchequer against Sir Daniel Norton, Knt. and others of his family, claim- ing for the College the tithe of com and grain in Hilsea, a detached portion of the parish of Wymering, lying within Port- sea Island, the Court nominated Sir Hampden Pawlet, Sir Francis Palmer, and Sir Richard Tichborne, arbitrators, to end the dispute in a friendly way. The dispute was, whether the tithe of Hilsea was parcel of the Rectory of Portsea, and so belonged to the College imder the exchange with Henry VHI, or was parcel of the Rectory of Wymering, and so belonged to the Norton family under a Crown grant in 36 H. VHI. The three Hampshire worthies were unable to solve this knotty question, on which, in Lord Eldon's time, an issue would have been directed ; and the parties agreed on a compromise, which was confirmed by a consent decree of the Court of Exchequer in i6i2» Sir Daniel Norton had a beneficial lease of the Rectory of Portsea, which he desired to retain, and the Society had an eye to the benefices of Wymering and Widley, of which Sir Daniel Norton was patron. The decree accord- ingly went by consent, that the tithe of Hilsea should be divided \ and that the Society should continue to renew the lease upon payment (^ a fine of £400 only, and Sir Daniel Norton and his successors should present a Fellow of Winchester College to the benefices. This bargain, which a purist might describe as simoniacal, was acted on until 1806, when the Society became restive, owing to the great increase in the value of the Rectory of Portsea through war prices and terminated it, on the authority of an opinion given by Mr. Richards, of Lincoln's Inn, afterwards Chief Baron, to the effect that the bargain of 1612 was ultra vires.

« The Society bought Sir Daniel Norton's moiety of Mr. Thistlethwayte, his descendant, in 1835.

X 2

CHAPTER XIX. Warden Love (1613-1630).

The family of Love. — His son the Regicide. — ^Michael Woodward. — Hay crop in Meads. — Lettice Williams' legacy. — Sir Thomas Browne. — Dean Groves. — Provisions in 1690. — The annual Hunt — ^William BeviSb — Cheyney Court. — Earthenware, pewter, &c purchased.

Nicholas Love, of Froxfield, Hants (adm. 1583), succeeded Benjamin Hayden as schoolmaster in 1601, and became Warden in October, 1613. Love was a family man. The mending of a broken window in his nursery is referred to in the Bursars' book for 1625 : — ' Sol. vitriatori pro emendatione fenestrae in cubiculo ly nursery in hospitio Dm custodis j* iiij<*.' The culprit may have been either John, then aged twelve, Bamaby, then aged seven, Robert, then aged six, or Joseph, then aged three, all of whom were nominated to scholarships in due course. The eldest son, Nicholas Love the Regicide, was not on the foundation, but he may have been a Commoner. He was bred a barrister, and became a Six Clerk in Chancery, and had the sequestration of the Winchester bishopric estates — a lucrative office — under Cromwell \ He had a beneficial lease of some College property near Aldershot, which was forfeited by his attainder. Among the Domestic State Papers (vol. XLI.) there is a petition by Francis Tichborne, of Aldershot, dated Sept. 13, 1661, for a grant of this lease, which Love is alleged to have got through taking advantage of Benjamin Tichborne's leaving England in 1642 in horror of the rebellion. During the Civil War he spent his vacations at Wolvesey, and proved a valuable friend to the Society which his father had presided

^ * SoL Dn? Muspratt collectori redituum Episcopi Winton. ad usum Magistri Nicholai Love, pro tenementis in Kingsgate St., 6s. 94^' is an entry in the Bursars* book for i649-5a

Warden Love. 309

over, protecting it, according to tradition, when menaced by Oliver Cromwell's troops. He was the author of the following inscription on a brass to the memory of his father the Warden^ which was formerly on the floor of Thurbem's Chantry, but has disappeared : —

' Hie positus est Nicholaus Love, S.T.D. Collegii ad Ventam Wiccamici prim6 informator postea custos. Docuit annos xi, prae- fiiit xvii, ita ut aedibus hisce providential sua statum optumum, dignitatem, honorem, conciliaret Eruditionis magnum testimonium accepit, quod Jacobo regum doctissimo a sacris fuerit^ Mira res potuisse in unum hominem coire modestiam cum faelicitate, gravitatem cum comitate, cum judicio ingenium, prudentiam cum eloquentiH ; ita ut omnia summo essent. Haec, qui citra invidiam legis, abi faelix, et collegio optuma quaeque precare ; hoc est, custodes similes.*

<At tu, jam faelix et Diis conjunctior umbra

Hunc tumulum hos titulos et breve carmen babe. At pudet, ut quae homines virtuti reddimus, haec sunt Praemia: nil ultra Wiccamus ipse tulit.

Nic. Love heres patris B. M. maerens posuit*

Happy the father of a son who could write such an epitaph on him 1

In Warden Love's time the Holy Communion was adminis- tered in chapel four or five times a year, as a general rule on the following days : All Saints, Christmas, the Purification, St James the Apostle, Easter Day. The following list of books bought for the library in 1613 shows what the tendencies of the

Society were at that period : —

£ s. d.

Bucer. Script. Angl 070

„ in Rom. et Philipp o 15 6

„ in Epist et Act. Apost o 11 o

„ Moralia Catholica 080

Opus Chronographicum et Comelii Taciti Annates . 260

Budei Commentarii, a v o 13 6

Wolf on the Parables, and Osiander on the Apoca- lypse 086

Michael Woodward (adm. 1613) became a Fellow of the College, and was chosen Warden of New College in 1658. This ' dull heavy man,' as Mackenzie Walcott unjustly calls him, was

^ He was one of the King's chaplains, and a Prebendary of Winchester Cathedral

3io Annals of Winchester College.

one of the Bursars in 1641, 1645, 1647 and 1658, and kept the books in a beautiful court hand, entering all sorts of details in a way which renders the books of those years a mine of interesting and legible information. And when he became Warden of New College he performed the duty of supervisor fearlessly, giving ear to complaints and endeavouring to remedy abuses. He was one of the shrewdest, most industrious, and valuable men who ever filled the office of Warden at New College.

In the year 1614 Mrs. Lettice Williams endowed New College with a rent-charge of £12 a year, part of which was to be applied in paying £1 6s. Sd. to a Fellow of Winchester Col- lege for a sermon in chapel on November 5, and 135. 4^/. apiece to three Scholars for making speeches, one ' ad Portas ' on the arrival of the Warden and Posers from Oxford, another ' in honorem Fundatoris ' on December 21st, and a third, ' Eliza- bethae et Jacobi ' on March 24th, being the accession of James I. In later years, ' Fundator ' and ' Elizabeth and Jacob * were delivered by the senior Founder's kinsman and Prefect of Hall respectively in school after the arrival of the Warden and Posers on the Tuesday in Election week.

Sir Thomas Browne, the author of Religio Medici^ and Nicholas Groves, Dean of Dromore, were scholars of 1616. Neither succeeded to New College. Browne went to Broadgates Hall in Oxford, now merged in Pembroke College ; Groves was a Fellow of All Souls.

The following entry in the Bursars* book of 1616, ' Sol. duci Gosnell pro opere in instruendis cohortibus in re militari ad festum Baptistae vj^.,' may refer to a cadet corps in the school, but more likely to some pageant resembling the marching watch in the City of London, described by Hone {Every Day Book, June 23), which Sir Thomas Gresham revived in 1548.

DtstribuHo pauperibus, 1616-25 • —

' A shipwrecked Pole, i2d, ; Graeco cuidam captive a Turcis, as. ; caeco cuidam suaviter niodulanti (like Homer), 2s. ; two ship- wrecked Scotchmen, iQd, ; a poor Oxford scholar from Poole, whose father had been plundered by pirates, as. ; a Greek who was gather- ing money to redeem captives from the Turks, 65. 6d, ; one who came with a brief for Sidmouth, oppido piscatorio in Devonia, 45. ; the rector of Bosham towards the rebuilding of his church, 65. &/. ; one who came with a brief from Edinburgh, 2s.6d,\ a soldier who

Warden Love,

311

iwas on his way back to Bohemia, lad, ; sundry destitute Irish, i2d, ; £leanor Brown, daughter of the Bishop of Cork, 25. 6e/. ; one who had been a clergyman (qui sacerdos olim fuerat), 25.*

By this time the hop garden had been laid down to grass, and what with Meads, the Carmelite or Sickhouse Mead, Dogger's Qose, and St. Stephen's and St. Elizabeth's Meads, the Society mowed nearly eleven acres in 1619. This extent of land they took the hay off for many years, maintaining the fertility of the soil by copious dressings of night soil after every cut. Mowing cost IS. per acre. The hay was made, carried, and stacked by the College servants. Items of gratuities to them, and for cheese eaten in the hayfield occur often. In 1619 the under- groom was sick, and his place in the hayfield wa^ taken by others:— 'Sol. Bemarde, Edwards, et Blind Dick calcantibus ly haymowe aegrotante subequisone is.'

The staurus expensarum for 1620 is as follows : —

Wheat

Malt

n 99 if

Oats

QRS. 144

5

4

4

BUS

3 6

2

5 6

. PKS.

0 in 128 batches. 0* in 46 brewlocks. 0^ in stronge beere.

0 in kitchen.

1 at Election.

jL s. a.

0

4

0

waste.

Cost

in 46 brewlocks. in Warden's stronge

beere. in Election beere. in Audit beere.

160

2

I

70 14 6

321 3

I I

6 0

4 0

0 0

0 0

a

3

0

waste.

Cost

3i*9

5

0

120 14 5

41 7 o

Cost

10 3 2

^ This does not mean thftt so much wheat was used along with the malt, but that so much wheat was allowed to make bread for the brewer while engaged in brewing. Wheat, however, was used in the sixteenth century by brewers. The following recipe for making beer occurs in Arnold's Chroniclt, circa 1533 : — ' Ten quarters of malte, two quarters of wheete, two quarters of oates and eleven pounds of hoppys to make eleven barrels of sengyll beere.' These barrels must have been * dolia * or butts of is6 gallons.

3ia

Annals of IVtncltester College.

Oxen, 44, weighing 24,848 lbs., averaging 565 lbs.

each 258 16 8

Oxheads and tripe (capita et exta bourn) . . J 6 12 o

Sheep, 737f , weighing 26,939 lbs., averaging 36 lbs. ( i 16 8

each 271 4 9^

Sheep's hearts, &c., 178 246

Tallow, 1600 lbs 16 13 4

Suet, 558 lbs 5 16 3

Rabbits, 42 dozen and 8 couples . . . 29 10 o

Hops, 776 lbs 23 18 8

Cheese and butter . . . . . . . 3 12 11

Salt fish 5828

Mustard and vinegar 9 2 11

Rice, 20 lbs . 08 ii|

Salt, 10 qrs. 2 bus. 2 pks 5 12 4}

Spices 18 9 9^

Sugar 7 4 10

Raisins, figs, and prunes 10 9 11

Oatmeal, 7 qrs. 3 bus 10 6 6

Charcoal, 39 loads 29 5 o

Cordwood, 45,000 logs 41 16 5

Faggots, 24,000 ........ 27 2 6

Candles, 133 dozen and four lbs 6 13 4

Peas o 16 3

1047 9 4i

Where the quantities are given the above prices work out approximately thus : —

Wheat

Malt

Oats

Beef

Mutton

Tallow

Suet

Rabbits

Hops

Rice

Salt

Oatmeal

£ s. d.

089 per quarter.

076 „.

049 w

002^ per lb.

o o 2j „

o o 2j „

o o 2i „

016 per couple.

384 percwt.*

o o 5i „

004 per peck.

190 per quarter.

' Hops were £7 per cwt. in the following year.

Warden Love. 313

Hugh Robinson, Love's successor in the schoolmaster's chair, retired on a Canonry of St. Paul's in 1627. Edward Stanley succeeded him. Stanley's portrait in Hall depicts him with the Puritan collar of his day, which was just beginning to sprout into bands.

In the Bursars' book for 1625 will be found the first allusion to the publica venatto, — a sort of Epping Hunt, which took place at this period in the neighbourhood of Winchester every year, as in other parts of the kingdom, and was intended perhaps by the Stuarts as a sort of compensation to the public for the se- verity with which that dynasty enforced the ancient forest laws. This hunt, when the stag was turned out near Winchester, was the occasion of an outing or picnic for the School, e.g. : — ' Willes cum ij famulis euntibus cum plaustro ad forestam (Bere forest?) pro scolaribus die venationis v« item pro plaustro conducto iiij«; pro vino in forests die venationis pqblicae ijs viijd ; pro caecubo post reditum ad cenam xijd.' This was in 1620. In 1628 the hounds met at Longwood : —

' Sol. Henr. Hardyng pro portando prandio die venationis publicae iiij". Wells pro plaustris in die venationis ad Longwood iiij'.'

It seems that the scholars were taken to the meets in waggons ; lunched ; followed the hounds on foot, and came back in the - waggons to supper.

Cushis armorum in 1628 : —

■

\ * A horseman's outfit {armatura equestris)^ ;^7 3s.9flt ; Clement, the

armourer, making swordhilt, pommel, and scabbard, 45. ; mending ' the carbine {equesfre bombardum)^ 35.'

I A charge of los. for browning the armour with aquafortis

occurs in 1609.

Disiribuiio pauperibus, 1628 : —

* Thomas Coldwell \ a son of the late Rector of Newbury, 3s. ; a poor gentleman of Hungary, 25. 6/.; one with a license to beg, who haunted the College during two whole days', larf. ; two Irishwomen of

* A scholar of 1609. His father, Thomas Coldwell, was Rector of Newbury I59s»-i6i8, also Rector of Shaw cum Donnington, and from 1595-1598 Sub-dean of Salisbury. He died in 1618.

* There are many references in the Bursars' books to beggars who even haunted the foot of Hall steps. Beggars at the outer gate were a matter of course, and were not disallowed until Warden Barter instituted the order of 'Weeders.' A copy of 'The Plea of the Fellows of Winchester College

1

314 Annals of Winchester College.

the upper class (superioris gradds) with four chUdren, la/. ; two Irishmen, 9^/. ; Philip Berry, of Limbrick (sic) whose goods had been seized by the Spaniards, 6(L ; an Irish trader (mercator), cum testi- monio quod in exp>editione modo ad insulam Rh6^ amiserat ad valorem dcccc*, 12* ; three more Irishmen, 9^ ; two soldiers who had served under Morgan ^ 6d*

The career of William Bevis (adm. 1629) was a remarkable one. He was a Royalist, and being deprived of his fellowship of New College in consequence, served as major in a regiment of Royal Horse till the close of the Civil War, and subsequently in the army of Charles X, King of Sweden. At the Restoration he was recalled to New College, and became Vicar of Adder- bury. In 1679 he became Bishop of LlandafT. He died in 1705, aged ninety years.

The following additions to the College Library are recorded in 1630 : —

Philo Judaeus, 175.; Eusebius, 90s.; Mendoza on Kings, i6s. ; Bertii Theatrum Geographiae Veteris, 15s. ; Picus Mirandula, i6s.6d. ; Cassandri Opera, 325.

An allusion to the old Cheyney Court is found in an item of 6s. for a writ ' in curia de Cheyney ' against Earle, the College tenant at Stoke Park. It was, properly speaking, the Court of the Bishop as Lord of the Soke Manor, in which the steward presided, but, like the Pie Powder Courts, had extended its jurisdiction. It was held in the old house inside the gateway leading from the Close to Kingsgate Street. There are frequent references to it in the Bursars' books of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It was a Court of Record, held every Thursday, not being a red letter saint's day ; and owing to its speedy process, together with the costs being very much more reasonable than in the Superior Courts, it was frequently re- sorted to for the recovery of debts, of which it had cognisance to any extent if the parties were in the liberty, which was deemed

against the Bishop of Winchester's local and final visitatorial power over the said College' (Lond. 171 1) was presented to the College Library in 184a by a Mr. Henry Edwards, who describes himself on the flyleaf as formerly a recipient of alms at the College Gate.

' The Dake of Buckingham's unsuccessful attempt on the Isle of Rhd in October 1637.

' Sir Charles Morgan, who commanded the expedition of 1638 in aid of Christian 11 of Denmark.

Warden Love. 315

to extend over the greater part of Hampshire. It was abolished when the County Courts were established Frequent references occur in the accounts to a debtors' prison which was attached to this Court, e. g. : ' Incarceratis in ly Cheyney prison pro pane etc., 185. 6d,\* in 1768: ' Esuriem passis in Cheyneo ergastulo, 75. 6d:

The following purchases are recorded in the Bursars' Book of 1630 : —

' Eighty-two earthenware cups, 905.6^ ; thirty-six ells of" huswives' cloth " at Qad,y to make six dozen napkins, ;^3 6s. ; thirty-seven ells of canvas (unbleached linen), at 14^/., for the scholars' tables, £^^,2cL\ five ells of the same for the servants' tables, 55. lod. ; twelve large pewter dishes, 42^ lbs. ; twelve small ditto, 33^ lbs. ; twelve broth bowls, 24^ lbs. ; three dozen mutton plates (patinae pro came ovina ^), 70 lbs. ; thirteen porridge bowls (patinae polentariae), for the chil- dren, 15^ lbs. ; twelve sallet dishes, 7 lbs. Total, 19a lbs. pewter, at ia|dL, less 43 lbs. of old pewter allowed for at loj^. ; net cash, 1% as. 5£/.'

* Tliese, it may be conjectured, were for the Fellows' table. The scholars eat their mutton o£f wooden trenchers until a time within living memory.

CHAPTER XX. Warden Harris (1630-1658).

His character. — ^Warden's power over schoolmaster. — Gift of sugar loaves to Judges of Assize. — Tenants' right to timber. — ^Trainbands. — ^Arms and armour. — Laud's Injunctions. — Warden's and Fellows* allowances. — Orna- ments of Chapel. — Sir Samuel Morland. — Ship Money. — Scholars' vow to talk Latin. — Roger Heigham's Case. — Sickhouse. — Mr. Justice HoUoway. — Dr. More. — Case of felon's goods. — Serjeant Newdegate's opinion. — The Parliamentarian officer who protected the College. — Visit of Nathaniel Fiennes. — Waller occupies Winchester. — Burden of billeting troops. — Cromwell occupies Winchester. — ^The College spared. — Dr. FelL — Excise on beer resisted. — Parliamentary visitation of 1647. — ^The Warden's course of action. — Articles against him. — Plate given to Charles I. Ornaments of Chapel in 1649. — Interference with election of Scholars. — Flatman. — Bishops Turner and Ken. — ^John Potenger. — Cromwell's gift of books to the Library. — ^The Cibbers. — ^A Fox in College. — Use of fir timber.

James Yelding, one of the Fellows (who died himself the next year), rode to Oxford with the news of Love's death, and was allowed on his return 175. iirf. for his own and servant's expenses, and 85. for horse hire. Dr. John Harris (adm. 1599) was chosen to fill the vacancy, after a contest with Stan- ley, the schoolmaster '. Harris was a resident Fellow of New College, and held the Professorship of Greek at the time of his election. He was an admirable Grecian, and so noted a preacher that Sir Henry Savile, according to Wood *, used to say that he was second only to St. Chrysostom. He was a Puritan of the discreeter sort ; and his tact, aided by the regard in which he was held by Nathaniel Fiennes and other leaders of the Parliamentarian party, enabled him to steer the College

* The Vice-warden and six of the Fellows made interest with the Bishop of London in Stanley's favour, and Stanley, who was one of the King's Chaplains, got a recommendatory letter from the King. But it would not do, (Domtsttc State Papers f vol. clxxiii, Sept la, 1630).

' Fasti Oxomenses.

Warden Harris. 317

bark safely through the troubled waters of that period \ He died August 11, 1658, thus just missing the Restoration, which he no doubt would have welcomed, and leaving a reputation for sagacity excelled by no other Warden. Discipline in the School must have been lax at the time when he succeeded Love, if we are not to regard as exaggerated any of the state- ments in a letter which the Fellows of New College — or some of them — addressed to a Mr. Hacket on his election to a fellowship of Winchester, only a few weeks after the new Warden came into residence. The object of the writers appar- ently was to egg on Harris to assert his authority over Stanley, who was not popular. They tell Mr. Hacket that the Warden may (a polite way of saying 'ought*) require the schoolmaster

* (i) To lie within the College.

* (a) To attend prayers in chapel every morning.

* (3) He may (they say) hold the schoolmaster to his school hours, viz., from 7 to 9 a.m., and 2 to 4 p.m., or 3 to 5 p.m. ; 8 to 9.30 a.m. being too short.

*(4) It is in his (the Warden's) power to give "remedies" and to reserve the gift of them to himself. The Dean of Westminster and the Provost of Eton have kept that power in their own hands, by a good token that Dean Mountain denied Bishop Bilson a play day after he was a privy councillor.

* (5) The Warden only to give leave into the town, and in the Warden's absence the sub-warden and schoolmaster ; though to avoid the continual trouble thereof, and presuming upon the school master*s care (he being a man commonly of the Warden's own choyce), the Warden hath commonly referred that part of his prerogative to the schoolmaster only.

* (6) The Warden hath power to appoint scholars' tutors (the Warden of New College holdeth it a part of his prerogative) or at least to scatter pupils and diminish the charge, which is grown (they say) too heavie for poor scholars. And the number and cumber of so many pupils doth hinder the schoolmaster in his main duty.

* (7) To avoid severity (according to my Lo. of Winchester's desire), the Warden may order that any great and enormous fault, which may seem to deserve above five stripes, be brought to himself, that he, with the other officers, may consider and appoint a fitt punish- ment Diligent attendance of the scholars at school, church, hall,

^ The inscriptions on his brass in Cloisters sums up his merits by stating that * in diffidh saeculi iUius aestuario per varias tempestates navim cui praeficiebatur com Deo rezit et sospitavit'

31 8 Annals of WinchesUr College.

chambers, and Hills will prevent faults, and save much of that severity which hath been used, and otherwise must be used stiH, or else the school will continue as disorderly as now they are. Ancf such partial kind of lenities as of late hath been used only for private advantage without such attendance, hath wronged the school mucb more than the old severity.

'(8) The Warden may at his pleasure come into the schooia or cloysters, or otherwise send for the scholars to examine them, which were very little to be done once a quarter, or about every scrutiny at least; that so partly by publick examination, partly by private information at scrutiny or otherwise, the Warden may take notice how the scholars are applyed, how they profit, especially in Greek, (Dr. Lake being but Sub- Warden was wont to do it), and what dunces are preferred for favour and reward, what good scholars discountenanced or discouraged, and both of them righted. This will make the schoolmaster much more careful both in teaching and removing scholars.

'These things and the like it is very fitt the schoolmaster should know them to be in the Warden's power, however he may make use of them with what moderation he shall think fitt himself. But if there be not more attendance and teaching, lesse charges and whipping than is reported, the school will never thrive, nor the College recover its power againe. For £2po (which the schoolmaster, they say, eameth of his place), cannot be raised from seventy children and about twelve commensals ^ without great exactions. So wishing the Warden hopefull government, happy successe, not doubting but that you'll give him a view of these particulars, we rest.

Your assured loving friends,

The Fellows of New College.'

Notwithstanding this indictment Stanley remained school- master till 1642, when he retired with honour on a prebendal stall in Winchester Cathedral. John Potenger (adnu 1611), a native of Burghfield, in Berkshire, succeeded him.

The custom of presenting sugar loaves to the Judges of Assize and the Mayor of Winchester, which continued into the eighteenth century, is mentioned in the Bursars' book of 1631 : —

' Pro ly sugarloafe ponderant. 10} lbs. miss, ad dontL maiorera nomine CoUegii, i8s. ; pro ij sugarloaves ponderant 22 lbs. 4 oz. miss, ad Dom. Nich. Hyde, summum justiciarium Angliae, £1 75. iidl*

* Stanley had lost his day boys through Imber's secession. See Chapter VII.

Warden Harris.

3^9

The fallowing entry in 1631 : — • Paid Mr. Mason for making a motion in Chauncerie for an injunction to restrain our tenants at Allington from cutting of wood, £1 os. od,* contains an allusion to a question which was for ever arising between the College and their tenants as to the right of the latter to fell timber for repairs at their discretion. The right of the tenants to such timber, either at common law or by virtue of the custom of their respective manors, was not disputed. What the College always insisted upon was that timber should not be cut which had not been assigned or marked by the woodman. The fees for assigning timber formed the chief emolument of his office* The tenants at Allington were cutting timber for sale, and were restrained by injunction from cutting it unless it had been assigned for repairs. It is only by insisting on the observance of this rule that a sufficient stock of timber to ensure future repairs can be kept up.

A flying visit of the Lord High Treasurer in 1631 (in the character of High Steward of the College manors, probably) led to the consumption of a gallon of brewed * white wine, 5s. 6rf.; a pottle of white wine and sugar, 25. ^ ; cakes, 25.

The train bands were mustered four times in the summer of 1632, viz. on June i and 28, July 4, and August 6. The College doubled their contingent in this year, sending two men instead of one. Those two men received 25. apiece from the Bursars every time they attended a muster, and a gratuity of is. 6d, was given to 'ly muster master' at the end of the campaign. The following stock of arms 4nd armour was kept from this time to the end of the Civil War : —

■

' Imprimis. One blacke demi-Iaunce with demi pauldrons ' : another demi-launce lent to Bishop Bilson '.

Item. One white demi-launce with custres and pauldrons : four blacke corseletts with murreons.

Item. Four white almond rivetts with sculls.

* * Go brew mc a pottle of sack finely/ Shakespeare, Merry Watts of Windsor, Act iii. Sc. 5.

• Pauldron in heraldry is * that part of a man's armour which covcreth the shoulder/ Its meaning here is not clear to me.

' Who had been dead since 1616.

320 Annals of Winchester College.

Item. Three sheaves of arrowes, two paire of plate sleeves, and eighteen other arrowes.

Item. Six calivers with eight flaskes and three touch boxes.

Item. Seven flaske leathers and three hangers, one hand weapon with pikes and a gunne at ye ende.

Item. One poleax, one sprinkle, one blacke bill, five pikes, two demi-launce stands, and two light horse standes.

Item. One red horseman's coate and horseman's armour.*

Books purchased in 1634-7 : —

Cornelius a Lapide on Acts and Apocalypse: Bibliotheca Pa- trum : Eusebius : Cyril : Synesius : Gregory Neocesarensis : Basil : Macarius : Harpysfield's Ecclesiastical History : in all, £j^ ts^ Concordance to English Bible, 19s. : Catalogus interpretum Scripturae in the Bodleian, td, : Mercator's Atlas : Ruperti Opera : Byzantine History of Nicephorus, in all ;^ia. Pro ligandis libris Dno Regi et Principi Palatine ^ datis, 15. ^,

Archbishop Laud held a Metropolitical visitation at the College in 1635. He had held one at Eton in the previous year. The Commissioners, John Young, Dean of Winchester; William Lewis, Master of St. Cross Hospital, and Prebendaries Kercher and Alexander, held a sitting in Chapel on August 13, the Warden and Fellows protesting*, with the object, ap- parently, of saving the right of appeal, if they found themselves aggrieved, to the Court of Delegates. Upon receiving the answer of the Warden and Fellows to the articles of inquiry, the Archbishop issued his Injunctions', which are quoted below for the sake of the light which they throw on the internal condition of the Society at this time : —

* Imprimis. That none who is incorporated a member of your College, of what quality soever, do at any time, without a just impe- diment or constraining necessity, neglect his coming in due time unto morning and evening prayer in your chapel ; and that George Jonson * one of your fellows, be more diligent to perform his duty therein than formerly he hath done.

'II. Item, that the whole divine service, according to the form

1 Charles the Elector Palatine, a cousin of the King, and pretender to the throne of Bohemia.

* See Domestic State Papers^ vol. ccxcvi, Aug. 28, 1635. Laud resented their interference in a letter addressed to Warden Pinke in the following month.

* Wilkins, Concilia, iv. 517.

* Sch. 1583; Fellow 1605-42; Rector of Ashe, Surrey.

Warden Harris. 3ai

of the Book of Common Prayer, be always read on Sundays and other solemn days, without omission of the Nicene Creed or any other part thereof.

' III. Item, that your chapel be from time to time kept in good repair, the ornaments therein made seemly, your Communion table comely, and decently adorned, and also placed close to the East wall of your chancel, having the ends standing North and South, with a rail enclosing the same \

* IV. Item, that your Fellows' and Scholars' commons be aug- mented according to the Statute of provision ; and fire allowed in your hall in the winter time on such days as your Statute doth require.

*V. Item, that your Warden for time being from henceforth have no allowance for diet when he is absent from your College,

unless your Statutes do allow it unto him \

i

^ This injunction was obeyed. At the time of the Visitation the table was I kept in the sacristy, and brought out in Puritan fiishion whenever the Holy

Communion was going to be administered.

* The foUovnng allowances to the Warden had been ratified by the Chamber in the year 1699 : —

* Beef (weekly). — Three double pieces of the first choice for himself and four single pieces after the Fellows have chosen.

* Mutton (weekly). — ^Two sheep weighing 8olbs, and if they are above in weight Mr. Warden is to pay the butcher for the overplus.

< Veale and Pork (weekly) for his third dish, i8s. ^d.

* Fish da3rs. — Fridays and Saturdays for himself and his servants two such lings as the Fellows have, and of that price. In fresh fish, butter and eggs, weekly 8s. In other extraordinary fish days the former allowance of fish to be disposed of at his own pleasure, instead of all provision of fish and other cates for those days.

* Visitors. — For visitors to Mr. Warden, (yearly) jf 10.

* Vinegar (yearly). — One barrel.

' Sugar, spice, fruit. — As much in equal proportion to be allowed quarterly as the schoolmaster, fellows, chaplains, usher and commensales do spend, except in election week.

* Salt (yearly). — White 4 bushels, bay 4 bushels.

* Bread (weekly). — 100 casts.

'i * Flour. — ^As much as two Fellows and children spend, the election week

excepted.

*■ Beer (yeariy). — 95 tuns or 100 hbds.* and a tun of strong beer. ' Woodw — 4000 tallwood, 4000 faggots, Mr. Warden paying for making and half the carriage.

* Coles (charcoal) yearly. — £^ 63. Bd.

* Oysters. — Every Friday 100, and eveiy fast day, loa*

* About fifteen gallons daily.

V

3^4 ^4 finals of Winchester College.

Newbolt, a chorister who was sick, los. ; a barrister named Early, in prison for debt, 15.; Patrick Poines, whose goods had been plundered by the French, as.; the people of Kilrush in Ireland, whose town had been consumed by fire and plundered by Turks (sat),

lOS.'

Sir Samuel Norland (adm. 1638) was the son of the Rector of Sulhamstead Abbots in Berkshire, and graduated at Magdalene College, Cambridge. He went to Sweden in 1653 with Bulstrode and Whitlocke's embassy, and was afterwards sent by Cromwell with a diplomatic protest against the persecu- tion of the Piedmontese Protestants by the Duke of Savoy. He was created a baronet at the Restoration, and died in 1696. Evelyn ^ alludes repeatedly to his ingenuity and inventions.

Books bought in 1639 : —

Cluverii Opera, 4 vols. : Spanhemii Evangelia, a vob. : Campan- ella, 4 vols. : Suavi Concordia : Pitsaeus de rebus Anglicis : Apostolii Paroimia : Cluserii Epitomiae : Juliani Opera Graecolatina : Capel de Cen^ Christi : Ffolhott in Cantica : Apologia Francisci de Sanctft ClarS : Spelmanni Concilia et Glossaria, a vols. :— ^9.

Under cusius pasturae appears an item of £2 Ss, 'pro ly Shipp money' on Stoke Park, the famous impost for the support of the Navy, of which Hampden had disputed the legality two years before. The Order of Council, dated August 12, 1635, imposed £6000 ship money on the County of South- ampton in the following proportions : —

Winchester

Southampton

Portsmouth 70

Andover • 50

Romsey 30

Basingstoke 60

Rest of county 5390

;^6ooo

The Warden and Fellows were exempted from the assess- ment to ship money, except for Stoke Park, which they farmed themselves, on the ground that their lands were contributing in

' Diofy, 10 Oct. 1687 ; 16 Oct. 167 1 ; 10 Sept. 1677 ; 16 May 1683 ; 25 Oct. 1696.

Warden Harris.

3^5

the places where they lie. In other words, their lessees were assessed.

The example of the eighteen scholars who bound themselves in the autumn of 1639 to talk Latin till the ensuing Pentecost, will not be followed now that Latin has ceased to be the spoken language of diplomacy. To be able to talk Latin then went as far as being able to talk French, Italian, and German now. The agreement is quoted here for the sake of the com- pliment to Warden Harris, himself an elegant Latin scholar \ which it contains : —

'Nos, quorum nomina subscripta sunt, CoIIegii Beatae Mariae Winton prope Winton. scholares, memores antiqui moris et disciplinae hujus loci, memores Legum Paedagogicarum, memores denique officii et obsequii quod Reverendo IM^oCustodi nostro haec a nobis jam saepius postulanti debemus : tandem sancte promittimus nos ab eo tempore quo praesenti huic chartae subscripsimus ad festum Pentecostes prozime futurum in schola hujus Collegii, in aulS, in cubiculis, in omni denique loco quo convenire un§ et conversari solemus, Latino usuros sermone et non alio, nisi forte ad aliquem habendus sit sermo, qui illius linguae sit penitus ignarus. Quod si qui nostrum aliter sciens volensque fecerit, hunc peccati apud Deum, infamiae apud homines reum esse volumus et haberi.

Ego Gulielmus Ailife libens subscripsi decimo quarto die Octobris Anno Dm 1639

Gulielmus Wither Abel Makepeace Henricus Allanson Ricardus Rowlandson Thomas Pyle Edward Stanley Johannes Harris Johannes Nubery Thomas Holloway Georgius Hussey, eodem die

Ricardus Croke

Franciscus Younge

Jermanus Richards

Robertus Baynham

Henricus Compton

Henricus Allworth, decimo nono die Decembris sub- scripsi

Thomas Rivers, eodem die.'

Roger Heigham, a scholar of 1639, succeeded to New College in 1648, and was ejected at the end of that year by the Parliamentary Commissioners. He was a nominee of Warden Harris, who writes to his son (Jan. 31, 1649-50) : —

' I understand by your brother in Oxford that there is great talk of putting out more of the Fellows at New College, but he cannot

^ Drafts of several of his Latin speeches and letters are preserved in the muni- ment room.

$7,6 Annals of Winchester College,

tell me the particulars. ... I pray you write me word what is done there, that if occasion be, I may send Roger Heigham to Oxford, to see if in a general scramble he can get something.'

It appears from another letter to young Harris what course the Commissioners pursued. They called the Fellows in, and asked each of them whether he submitted to their visitation. Those who like Heigham denied the competency of the Com- missioners were ejected then and there. The Warden advised Heigham to appeal for mercy, on the ground that he was only a probationer, and had answered like the rest, without intend- ing to question the competency of the Commissioners to visit the University, but only to question their competency to visit New College, having regard to the Statute ' De Visitatione,' which declares that the College shall only be visited by actual members of the University, which a few members of the Com- mission were not. However, this plea, ingenious as it was, did not prevail with the Commissioners, and poor Heigham remained without a fellowship until August 30, 1660.

In the year 1640 Warden Harris founded ' Sickhouse,* build- ing at his own expense in the Carmelite's Mead the front and older portion of the present building. The back and more commodious portion of Sickhouse was built at the expense of the Rev. John Taylor, in 1775. Harris, who was a Hebrew scholar (he had been Hebrew reader at New College) called it Bethesda', the house of mercy, and inscribed that word in Hebrew letters over the doorway. Over the window on the east side of the door is the following legend : —

*Votum Authoris pro pueris.

Jehovah qui sanitatis author est unicus, noxia, precor, Omnia a vestris capitibus arceat ac repellat'

And over the window on the west side of the door : —

*Votum puerorum pro authore. Cubantis in lecto languoris extremo cor eius £t artus Jehovah curet foveat ac sustentet.'

It is remarkable that ' Sickhouse ' was not furnished till the year 1668, and then inadequately enough with the proceeds of a legacy by Warden Harris for that purpose. This is the

1 (

Sumptibus Harrisii fuit aedificata Bethesda.*

Warden Harris. 327

inventory of articles purchased 'juxta legatum DiS Harris ' : ' A pair of bellows, 15. 8rf; four chairs, 55. ; a table, 35. ; a bedstead with a bottom of sacking (cubile ad funem), 14s. ; tin utensils, 3S.6rf. ; duaematulae, 4s.; twelve spoons, 25. ; two candlesticks, IS. id, ; earthenware, 6rf. ; duo lasana, £1 75. 6rf.' The scholars evidently brought their bedding, &c., with them from chambers when they 'went continent,' and the nurse found her own bedding and furniture. Four bedsteads with ' cheney ' (chintz ?), furniture at £5 las. 3«i each were purchased in 1777 for the Sickhouse; but the scholars continued to bring their own bedding with them until recently.

Richard HoUoway (adm. 1640) rose to be a puisne justice of the King's Bench. He was one of the four judges who tried the Seven Bishops in 1688 upon their refiisal to read the Declaration for giving Liberty of Conscience (as it was styled) pursuant to the injunction of James II. Evelyn says^, 'The Chief Justice, Wright, behaved with great moderation and civility to the Bishops. Alibone, a Papist, was strongly against them; but HoUoway and Powell being of opinion in their favour, they were acquitted/ Three days later he says, ' The two Judges, HoUoway and Powell, were displaced.'

Venditio bosci, or timber money, appears for the first time in 1641. Hitherto College timber had been felled for repairs only, in obedience to the Statutes, and not for sale. This new source of income was not neglected ; and in the latter part of the last and beginning of the present century, was a valuable source of revenue to the Warden and Fellows.

Dr. More (adm. 1579), who was a Prebendary of Winchester and Chichester Cathedrals, left the pick of his library to the Society in 1641. 'Sol. in regardis in domo More per socium evolventem libros Doctoris More nuper defuncti ij5.' Under ' custus librarie ' in 1641 we find ' thirteen dozen chains, £3 185.; chaining 57 books, 3s.' This was not so much to prevent the books being removed, as to ensure their being kept in their places.

An item of 75. 6d. for 7 J days' labour in eradicating bindweed or ' lily * (pro eradicanda colubrina sive bistorta) in the Fellows* garden occurs in the Bursars' book of 1641.

* Diary ^ 99 June and 2 July, i688.

1

3*8 Annals of Winchester College.

In the same year a legal question as to the right of the College to the goods of felons within their manors was decided in favour of the College. A tenant of the manor of Sydling died by his own hand, and the coroner's jury found a verdict of felo de se, whereupon the bailiff of the manor seized his goods. The representatives of the deceased challenged his right to do so, and brought an action. Two instances were produced in which the right had been exercised, one in the manor of Eling, the other in the manor of RopleyS but the charter con- ferring the right had to be produced ; which being mislaid, an exemplification of it had to be obtained. This is the bill of costs from the Bursars' book of 1641 : —

£ s. d.

The Master of the Crown Office, for searches . o 10 o

The Clerks there 050

Boat hire four times, going and returning * . . . 050

Mr. Offley the Attorney's fee in Michaelmas Term . 034

Counsel's hand to the plea o 10 o

Search at the Rolls 010

„ in the Exchequer, on Mr. Gundry*s side . . 020

„ )) „ on Sir — Fanshawe's side . 010

Mr. Eliott an Attorney's fee 034

A copy of the Patent of K. Henry VI o 18 o

), „ the inquisition and plea, with

the Attorney's fee in Hilary Term . . . . o 13 8

Drawing confession of Mr. Attorney-General . . 028 A copy of the certificate for Meonstoke •, 3s. 4^/. ; the

Six Clerks' fee, 35. ^d. ; Mr. Kelwa/s fee, 3s. 41^ . o 10 o

Mr. Twisden, of counsel o 10 o

Mr. Offley the Attorney's fee in Easter Term . . 034

)} „ Trinity Term . . 034

An ulterius lilo* 048

Copying the plea 054

Entering the same o 13 4

The Attorney-General's Clerk's fee in the plea touching

the Charter 200

£B 5 o

' * SoL M** Kelynge de ly croune office pro copU duanim inquisitionum de felonibus de se apud EXynge et Ropley vj* viij<>.' ' From Queenhithe to Westminster and back. ' For use in the manor of that name. * Meaning unknown.

Warden Harris.

3*9

Another case occurred in the manor of Sydling in the year 1674. One Robert Arnold of Broad Sydling, a tenant under the College, committed suicide Nov. 24, 1673. The College seized his goods, and granted them by deed to Nicholas Hussey and others upon trust to raise the arrears of rent due by Arnold to the College, and £ao as an acknowledgment of their title, and to stand possessed of the residue for the benefit of Arnold's sisters, he having left no wife or child. The title of the College to the goods being questioned, for the reason that Sydling did not belong to the College at the date of the charter, the opinions of Sir John Maynard and Serjeant Newde- gate were taken upon the point. That of Sir John Maynard is lost. I subjoin the Serjeant's opinion : —

'King Henry VI by his letters patent, dated July 4, 22 H. VI, grants to ye Warden, Scholars, and Chaplains of Saint Mary College of Winchester near Winchester omnia bona et catalla quae vocantur '^ waifes " de et in diversis maneriis terris et tenementis et feodis suis quae nunc habeant et eztunc sint habituri. £t quod habeant catalla felonum de se, tarn omnium hominum suorum, quam omnium tenentium suorum, integre tenentium et non integre tenen- tium, resident, et non resident, quorumcunque, tam infra dominia terras et possessiones quam feoda praedicta.

*H. VIII grants to the aforesaid College the manor of S in exchange for other lands, and the College have since enjoyed felons' goods under the said manor.

'A having a house and family within the manor of S where he usually resided, travailing thence towards London became fth de se, having divers goods in ye manor of S and other goods in other places.'

* Q. I. Whether the Charter of H. VI be sufficient to grant ye College ye goods oi felo de sem the manor of S which came to the College after ye Charter ?

'A. I doe conceive it is.

* Q. 2. Whether if it be, ye goods of A shall be forfeited to ye Colledge though he killed himself out of ye manor?

* A I take it they shall.

* Q. 3. Whether ye Colledge shall not have the goods of A which ^vere in other manors as well as those which were in ye manor of S at the time of ye death ?

' A. I am of opinion that wheresoever he was possessed of goods the Colledge is well entitled to them.

' July 4, /74.* * Ric. Newdegate.

330 Annals of Winchester College.

Serjeant Newdegate's fee was £2. Sir John Maynard*s fee was £1 ; clerk, 25. The attornejr's bill was £2 95. iid.

DistrilnUid pauperibus in 1641 : — Sailors who had been plun- dered by pirates from Dunkirk, 15. ; a captive redeemed from the Turks, *' qui quinquies sub hastil venierat,' 15. ; pauperi generoso a gyrgatho (the Cheyney prison, I think) nuper dimisso, 6d. ; one from Ireland who had been robbed by the Turks, and was going with his family to Belgium, is.

Adams (IVykehanUca, p. 89) relates a romantic story of the traditional Parliamentarian officer, who had been a scholar on the foundation, and mindful of the oath which he had sworn, defended the College against the violence of a fanatic soldiery. Something of the kind may have occurred at the Cathedral, where the tomb of Wykeham suffered comparatively little damage \ but there is no great occasion to believe it to have occurred at the College. The Roundheads were not enemies of education ; and there is really no reason to imagine that any officer of the rebel forces ever stood with sword unsheathed in front of Outer Gate, and defended his old school in her hour of need. The story most likely grows out of the memory of a visit which Nathaniel Fiennes (adm. 1623) paid to the College in the winter of the year 1642. It was on the afternoon of December 12 that Fiennes, not a Colonel as yet, arrived at the College in command of a small party of horse, on his way to join the force with which Waller routed Lord Grandison on the morrow and took the Castle of Winchester.

Rushworth says': —

'The Lord Grandison and others took up their quarters at Win- chester. Sir William Waller, Colonel Brown and Colonel Harvey came before that city, against whom there sallied out two regiments of foot and afterwards a party of horse : but being both beaten back with loss, those within retreated to the Castle, and the assailants beginning to scale the walls, they desired quarter, which was granted ; only detaining prisoners the commanders and officers ; and the common soldiers, being near 800, were stripped and dismissed ; but the Lord Grandison and Major Willis made their escape as they were carrying them to Portsmouth, having, as was supposed, charmed their keepers with a good sum of money, and so got to Oxford/

> Chapter XXI. > Part 111, Book IL

IVarden Harris. 331

It was natural that Fiennes should stop at the College and

billet his party there. He was a Founder's kinsman himself;

he had a nephew (Christopher Turpin) on the foundation at the

time, and he was a friend and correspondent of the Warden.

Besides these inducements, the outer Court (inasmuch as the

beer was not kept in the brewhouse, but in the cellar, under

lock and key), was the best place in the world for his men to

pass the night in. Fiennes himself slept in the Warden's

lodgings with a sentinel at the door. No damage whatever is

recorded, and the stock was only diminished to the extent of

sixty one-pound loaves for the men's supper and breakfast, and

twelve bushels of malt for their horses. It must be admitted

that Fiennes allowed his men to levy a contribution before they

went away ; but they resorted to no acts of violence. The

following references to the incident occur in the Bursars' book

for 1642 : —

£ s. d.

Militibus M^ Fines . . . . . . . 20 o o

Quibusd. militibusrelictis* 500

Sex aliis militibus a o o*

Pro modio frumenti expens. in militibus. . . . 050 Militibus quibusdam per M**™ Hacket et M'"» infor-

matorem 050

Ric® Frampton (the brewer) pro xij modiis brasii pro

equis famulorum M*^ Fines tempore guerrae . 156

Fro le watch in hospitio Dm Custodis . . . • 006

£^ 16 o

Under distrilnUio paupmbus in 1643 some entries occur of relief given to wounded soldiers. But no more visits of troops on the march disturbed the tranquillity of the Society. The spring and autumn progresses took place as usual. Owing to the high price of com, rents were up, and there was money to spare for improvements. The schoolmaster's chamber was wainscoted for £4 is., and then painted at a cost of £4 IS. lid. Six chairs in Russia leather were bought for £2 5s. &i, and put into the chamber of Mr. Wither, one of the Fellows. Gravel walks were made in the Fellows' garden,

* For the defence of the College, I suppose.

* If the other soldiers were paid at the same rate the total number of soldiers was eighty-ooe.

33^ Annals of Winchester College.

where a bowling green had existed since 1632^ and the old hop garden was planted with apple trees.

The surprise of Colonel Boles at Alton, near the end of 1643, was followed by the battle of Cheriton Down on March ag^ i644« Waller pushed on after the retiring Royalists to Winchester. The Mayor, prudent man, offered him the keys of the city ; but he, declining them, moved on to Bishop^s Wal- tham and Christchurch, which he took, and then returning to Winchester, found the gates shut against him, and his entrance into the city refused ; whereupon, battering the gates, he entered by force, which occasioned great damage to the in- habitants by the unruly soldiers, who could not be restrained from plundering *. Thanks to Wykeham's prescience in found- ing the College without the city wall, the Society sustained no harm or loss on this occasion. The only reference to passing events on the part of the Bursars for the year will be found under distributio pauperibus : —

' Dat. iij militibus vulneratis ad Alton yj' ; duobus militibus vul- neratis ad Tichbome in Kingsgate St. j* ; militi cuidam generoso (a cavalier) qui eruperat de carcere ij" vj*,'

It is noticeable that Harris about this time, or perhaps a little before, sent Mr. Jones, the steward, to the King at Oxford, to solicit his protection for the College : —

' In expensis M'* Jones euntis et redeuntis inter Winton. et Oxon. et in regardis datis per eundem in perquirendo regiam protectionem pro Collegio, iiij* xvj" iiij<*.'

Where the College suffered most during the Civil War was in the billeting of troops ; a burden which they had to endure in common with other owners of landed property. Harris brought in an account in 1644 of £24 9s. Sd. expended * pro le billett diversorum hominum,' who cannot have been billeted within the College walls, or we should hear of it through the baker's and brewer's accounts, as when Fiennes paid his visit. The account of the bailiff at Stoke Park for quartering soldiers between December, 1642, and March, 1645-6, amounts to no less a sum than £99 95. 6d. The allowance for a day and night's billet was eightpence for a man and eighteenpence for a

» Rushworth, Pt III, Bk. III.

Warden Harris, 333

man and horse at this time. In 1646 the Society had to find £1 for a week's maintenance of two troopers belonging to Colonel Sheffield's ' legion/ which is at nearly the same rate.

In 1645 the Royalists held Winchester Castle under Sir William Ogle, and martial law superseded the local Pie-powder Court \ to which Frampton, the College brewer, would have addressed his complaint at any other time : —

'Sol. M'^^ Bye promoventi causam Collegii in petitione traditd gubematori per Ric. Frampton z". . . . Sol. famulo Dm Gul. Ogle Vicecomitis Barrington, gubematoris castri et civitatls tempore guerrae, j*.'

What Frampton's complaint was about we do not know. This state of things in Winchester continued until the battle of Naseby had been fought On September 28 Oliver Cromwell appeared before the city and summoned the garrison. They surrendered, according to Lord Clarendon, on easy conditions. The College escaped injury ; the Cathedral was wrecked, and the Castle was mined and blown up. Wolvesey Castle, too, was ruined. The citizens did not suffer so much loss as they did when Waller entered their gates. One of them, Peter Chamberlin, was burnt out ; but this Ucalegon lived next door to the Castle, and suffered in consequence. The Society sub- scribed to reinstate him. They could well afford to do so. It does not ^pear that they suffered a halfpennyworth of damage, or even had troops billeted on them during these operations. Harris had friends on both sides.

Philip Fell (adm. 1645) became usher at Eton College. He was a son of Dr. Samuel Fell, Dean of Christ Church, and brother of Dr. John Fell, also Dean of Christ Church, and Bishop of Oxford (1676-86). Dr. Samuel Fell was a friend of Warden Harris, and wrote to him from his parsonage at Freshwater on August 20, 1617, declining an invitation to Win- chester for the Election of that year, when Harris was one of the Posers.

'I had,' he writes, 'an earnest desire to come and see you at Winton, but your Election fell out in the middle of August, and at that time I was unprovided of a curate ; and lastly, you may

* Sec Stats, 17 Ed. IV, c. a, and i Ric. Ill, c. 6, defining the jurisdiction of these Courts.

334 Annals of Winchester College.

imagine how little pleasure I can take in that place, where I and my poor brother have found so little favour and grace.'

I suppose they failed to get nominations. Dr. Samuel Fell was educated at Westminster. Philip, his son, probably owed his nomination to Harris.

Robert Grove (adm. 1645) ^^^^ ^^ ^ Bishop of Chichester (1691-6).

In 1646 Parliament imposed an excise on beer. The Society sent in a petition to be exempted. Writing from the Six Clerks' office to his * most honoured friend Dr. Harris/ Nicholas Love says : —

' I received y' commands concerning ye excise of ye College, with y' petition to be exempted from the same ; but (by reason ye House in this conjunction of a£fayres is at no leazure), nothing yet hath been done. Cambridge is not exempted from ye charge, as was supposed, nor Eaton College, which hath a Parliament man (Rouse') for its head. The burgesses of Cambridge, the master of Eaton College, and wee for Winchester, have conferred about it, and intend upon ye first opportunitye, when ye House is in a fit temper for it, to putt in foHs vinbus for ye exemption ; in which you shall perceive ye readiness of y' servants to do all faythful service for that foundation.'

Again in March, 1647 : —

' I received both y* commands concerning ye excise of y' College, and till we come to handle ye matter of ye University of Oxford little will be done in ye House ; which time will not be long now, for ye Committee is going down to visit ye Colleges, and upon their report advice will be taken by all scholars and scholars' friends to exempt them from publique impositions. For ye mean time I have pre- vayled with ye Commissioners of ye Excise to intimate a connivency of the Excise for a time/

In view of this * connivency,* the Bursars appear to have made a return of so much beer only as was consumed by the Commoners. It appears by the Bursars' book of 1647 that the exciseman collected £4 19s, in that year : — ' Sol. Benjamin Smith, Collectori excisae pro birid batillatft ab extraneis, viz. pro 198 huml^rtons (barrels) ad vi^ ; iv^ xix".' It does not appear what period this covered; but in 1650 the same exciseman received 115. 3^. for beer supplied to the Commoners (pro biria

> Provost of Eton 1643-1658, and Speaker of Barebones' Parliament in 1653.

J

Warden Harris, 335

batillatll ab extraneis) between June 24, 1649^ and July 27, 1650. These * extranei * therefore got through forty-five barrels in the thirteen months, about five gallons daily if allowance be made for the holidays, or two quarts apiece, assuming that there were ten of them at this time, which seems probable. The Society, acting under advice, no doubt, had returned only the beer which they supplied to the Commoners at a price. This did not satisfy the Commissioners of Excise ; and in 1652 I find a sum of £10 105. entered as paid to the exciseman. This sum, at 3</. per barrel, represents a consumption of 840 barrels in the twelve months, about three*fourths of the actual con- sumption.

Distributio pauperibus (1647-58) : —

'Mulieri pauperi de HibemiS quae in bellis nuperis maritum amiserat, et possessionem annuam ad valorem cl^, j* : Rob^ Moun- taine de Andever, qui amiserat per ignem ad valorem dccc^, j^ : aliis pauperibus, viz. Ixxxij familiis qui bona ibidem amiserant per eundem ignem, v* : pauperi qui venerat ab Irelandia et eo revertebatur, j» : quatuor captivis qui pugnSrant apud Naseby ij": sex militibus generosis (cavaliers), vj' : pauperi scholari de Oxoni&, j^ : generoso incarcerato, yj*: duobus pueris mendicant pro matre ex HibemiS puerperio laboranti, j* : pauperibus in Basingstoke igne spoliads, v^ : pauperi nautae ab Ostendensibus capto, j": pauperi generoso qui fiierat regi Carole a speciebus (a poor cavalier who had been grocer to King Charles), j*: tribus nautis de Gallic expositis in Cornwall et venientibus Hampton ^, x* : generoso cuidam incarcerato, iji : pauperi olim a campanis Eccl. Cathedralis (a poor man who had been a ringer at the cathedral church), j* : ad redimend. captos a Turds, ij' : duobus militibus mancis, yj<^ : Paulo Isaiah a Judaismo converso, ij^: duodecim nautis de BristolliS a captivitate liberatis (twelve sailors of Bristol city who had been liberated from captivity), ij": pauperi mendicanti ad aulae gradus, yj<^: sex Gallis captis a Flandris, j": M*^ Goughagno (Geoghegan ?) ad instantiam ministrorum Londinensinm (at the instance of the Assembly of Divines ?), j^ : mercatori a Dunkerkis capto, nomine Read, j" vj<^ : tribus pueris et eonim patri cujus crura erant abscissa, ij* : Germano hobili exulanti religionis caus^, v' : M~ Hagger ' incarcerato propter debita, ij" vj<* : M"* Davis, filio ministri Novae Angliae, ij" yj*.'

^ The road from the West country to Southampton lay through Salisbury and Winchester, there being no road through the New Forest which could be IbHowed without a guide.

» The ejected Rector of Chilcomb.

33^ Annals of Winchester College.

Custus aulae in 1648 : —

' Pro ignitabulo ex thorace confecto calefaciendis cibis (a chafing dbh for keeping victuals hot, made out of a corslet % j* iij<*.'

Books purchased in 1648 : —

Hooker's Works, 65. : Salazar on Proverbs, 155. : Grodus on the Old and New Testament, £2 165. : Petavius de Theologicis Dogmatibus, 3 vols. : Salmasius in Solinum, a vols. : Cornelius a Lapide on the Books of Kings, on the Gospels, and his Ecclesiastical History, 4 vols. : Gerhard's Harmony : Loisii Opuscula, 3 vols. : Neirenburg de Origine Scripturae: Azarii Institutiones, 3 vols.: Rudenis in Martialem et Q. Curtium, a vols. : Prideaux' Praelectiones : Passeratii Catullus et Tibullus : Catena Graeca Patrum : John Knox's History : Dextri Chronicon : Laeti America : Tacitus : Gomari opera, 3 vols. : Fisher's Works, 3 vols. : Featlay's Sermons : Gualdi Historia : Biendi Histcxia de Bellis Civilibus Angliae : Gazari Historia Indiae Occidentalis : Bishop Montagu's Acta et Monumenta : History oi the Earldom of Angus :— altogether £28 6s. 41^

We come to the Parliamentary visitation of 1649. The Committee for regulating the Universities had ousted the 'malignant members' of Oxford and Cambridge, and now turned to the reformation of Winchester and Eton *. In view of what was impending, Nicholas Love wrote in June to Harris : —

* And that you may be y* more secured for the future, I advise you at the Assizes to apply to one Mr. Hill, a Parliament man and a lawyer, and entertain him to be of counsel for the College, when need shall be. My meaning is, to give him some small thing annually fro consiliis impendendis, I speak not this out of any respect to him, but wholly for the service,' &c.

It does not appear that this advice was followed. On August 30 the Committee appointed Sir Henry Mildmay, Colonel Fielder, Lord Commissioner Lisle, M.P. for Winchester,

^ ' And of course you turn every accoutrement now

To its separate use, that your wants may be well met; You toss in your breastplate your pancakes, and grow A salad of mustard and cress in your helmet' T. Hood, ' Address to Mr. Dymoke, the Champion of England.' ' ' Die Martis agf* Maii, 1649 : — '' Ordered by the Commons assembled in Par- liament that it be referred to the Committee for Regulating the Universities of i Oxon and Cambridge to nominate Visitors for the regulating of the Colleges of Winchester and Eaton." — Hen. Scobell, Clericus ParliamentL' ,

I

I

f

Warden Harris.

337

Nicholas Love, Robert Reynolds, Francis Allen, Richard Major, John Hildersley (M.P. for Winchester in the Parlia- ments of 1654 and 1656), Sir Robert Wallop, Sir Thomas Ger- vase, Henry Bromfield, and George Marshall, the intruded Warden of New College^ to visit Winchester College, with instructions to report * what present statutes should be taken away, and what persons removed/ Thomas Hussey, sen., Edward Hooper, Francis Rivett, and Richard Norton, Esq., were afterwards added to the Commission. The Commissioners visited the College in the week of the Epiphany Quarter Sessions, 1649-50 Harris had notice to attend and produce the statutes and records of the College, which he did, submit- ting at the same time the following statement :—

'The foundation of the College by Winchester consisteth of these persons : —

One Warden, Dr. Harris.

One Schoolmaster, Mr. Pottenger.

Ten Fellows, viz. Mr. Wither, Mr. Colenett, Mr. Hackett, Mr. Chalkhill, Mr. Woodward, Mr. Bold, Mr. Richards, Mr. Trussell, Mr. Terry, Mr. May.

Their employment is : —

I. To perform divine service in the Chappell, which they do now according to the directorie, preaching by turn every Lord's day in the forenoon, and in the afternoon expounding some part of the Cathecisme.

a- To joyne with the Warden in managing the estate of the College, in letting leases and other collegiate Acts for which the consent of a major part of them is necessarily required.

3. To beare Office in the College as they shall be yearly chosen hereunto.

* Warden Pinke having died, Nov. a, 1647, of a fall downstairs in his own lodgings, the Parliamentary Committee sent down an order, forbidding the Fellows to proceed to elect his successor. The Fellows sent a deputation to Lord Say and Nathaniel Fiennes, whom they asked to befriend them for the election of a Warden. The answer which th*ey got from Lord Say was that they were free to elect the ' Patriarch of Dorchester, Mr. John White*,* He was nominated, and had a few votes ; but Henry Stringer was elected Warden. In August, 1648, the Committee of Lords and Commons removed Stringer, and imposed George Marshall on the Society.

* AnUy p. 093.

Z

33^ Annals of IVinchester College.

Our Officers are six in all^ viz. : —

One Snbwarden, who governs all in the Warden's absence, is one of the electors of scholars into and out of the College and a necessarie man in all accounts.

Two Bursars, who have the receiving and expending of all the

College rents, as well as in grain as money. One Sacrist, who hath the custodie of the Communion plate and

other utensils of the Chappell, and is appointed together with

the Warden and Subwarden to take the accounts of the

Bursars, as well quarterly as yearly. One Outrider, who is to accompanie the Warden in viewing the

College lands once or twice in the year, and letting estates

in customarie holds where we have anie. One Claviger, who is intrusted with a key of the common chest ;

there being three in all, the other two in the custodie of the

Warden and Subwarden.

Three Chaplains, viz. : —

Mr. Holloway, Mr. Cheese, Mr. Taylour.

Their employment, together with the Fellows, has been to read praiers twice every day, at lo and 4 of the clock ; and also to the children every morning, which they do now not according to the common praier book but in a generall forme, such as is usual in families.

One Usher of the School, Mr. Christopher Taylour.

One Singing Master, Mr. King.

Three Clerks, Philip Taylour, John Shepheard, and (vacant).

Their office is, to attend in the Chappell, to see it swept and kept cleane, to keepe the bells and the clock and to wait upon the Fellows at the table.

Seventy children of the bodie of the house : — These are instructed in the Latin and Greek tongue by the Schoolmaster and Usher, according to the severall forms wherein they are placed. For their instruction in religion they have a Cathecism Lecture'^ every Lord's day, in the afternoon ; and before it begins, the Usher is appointed to spend half an hour in particular ex- amination of them, What they remember of the former lecture. They are also appointed to take notes of the forenoon sermon, and to give account thereof to the Schoolmaster in writing. Besides they learn every Saturday some part of NowelFs

^ Many still living can remember the time when the Collegers at Eton were catechised during Lent at the Sunday afternoon service in the College chapel.

Warden Harris.

339

Cathecism in the school. They have praiers every morning before they go to school performed in the Chappell by one of the Fellows or Chaplains, and so likewise at night before they go to bed. And after they are in bed a chapter of the Bible read by the Prepositor in every chamber.

Besides these we have sixteen poor children whom we call Quiristers who are by Statute to make the Fellows' beds, and to wait upon the Scholars in the Hall.

And fourteen Servants in Ordinarie, viz. : —

One manciple, two butlers, three cooks, one baker, two brewers, one miller, two horse-keepers, one gardener, one porter. All these have diet wages and liverye from the College.

We have a Steward of our lands and an Auditor, who do not constantly reside heere ; but when they do, they have their diet with the Warden, and each of them a fee and liverie from the College.*

So full and frank a statement as this deserved the considera- tion which it apparently received. No action whatever was taken against the Warden or the College. We have not got the Warden's answer to the following charges which were brought against him personally on this occasion, but they must have seemed, on the whole, undeserving of serious considera- tion to a Commission composed chiefly of his friends : —

* The Warden there hath often preached for and practised super- stition, viz. : —

(i) In a sermon at the College he hath maintained corporall bowing at the name Jesus.

(a) In a sermon at the cathedral he hath justified the ceremonies imposed by the bishops in their convocation ; affirming them to be but few, and those very significant (sic\ and never rigorously im- posed ; and durst affirm that never any were punished unduly for refusing them.

(3) In another sermon there he hath maintained the lawfulness and antiquity of organicall music in the Quire; and that it is of excellent use in God's service, and greatly approved of that which they call ye Songs of Sl Ambrose.

(4) Shortly after execution of that unjust censure in the Starre Chamber upon Mr. Burton, Mr. Prynne, and Mr. Bastwick, he used (in his sermon) many expressions reflecting on them, to ye grief of all honest Christians present.

(5) He hath preached against such as have taken away the sur- plice and the church beautifyings (as he called them), saying, they

z 2

\

340 Annals of Winchester College,

have taken away the canonicall coat, and he thought they would take away the gown also, and leave the poor priest staii^ naked at ye last ; and that new laws were made never before heard of.

(6) He hath only served ye times; for, at his first coming to ye College he used no adoration to ye high altar, but afterwards (with other superstitions) fell to that. At the first convening <^ this Parliament he left it againe, used it since, and now forbears it.

(7) He relinquishes that form of prayer before his sermon which at his first coming he used, and betook himself to that bidding form used by none but prelaticall superstitious persons.

(8) He hath prayed for the Lord Ogle^ and the King's kinne, desiring the destruction of those who were risen up against the King, comparing his condition to that of King David (who was hunted as a partridge), and did inform the enemies' souldiers of His Majestie's descent, and that the kingdoms by birthright are his, although Scott bom, and therefore their duties to yield obedience to his commands. He hath also maintained the justness of the enemies' cause, affirming it to be good, altho* (by reason of their sins) it might miscarry.

(9) He hath usually sent to the Shopps for wares on the Sab- bath Days.

(10) It hath been credibly reported that he would not suffer the good gentlewoman his wife to keep a good book, but would take it from her, who was much troubled at his inconstancy in religion, and reasoning with him why he did now use superstitious bendings which he formerly preached against.

(11) He did refuse to appear in the Assembly of Divines altho' chosen and summoned thereto.

(12) In his time the Communion table was turned altarwise*, whereto himself and others did obeisance.

(13) That he did send voluntarily with the rest of the Prebends (sic) his part of ;^ioo to the King.

(14) He with the rest of the College hath sent to the King money, horsemen, and plate '.'

The following inventory of the contents of the chapel was

* Sir W. Ogle, Governor of Winchester Castle.

* In obedience to Laud's injunction.

* It appears, by an inventory made August la, 1648, that the reserve of plate in the muniment room had been reduced by the removal of the following articles, which no doubt found their way to King Charles : —

oc. dr. p-. Two basons and ewers with Bishop White's arms, weighing . laa a o

Two little trencher salts 710

Two plain silver tankards 39 i o

One ditto given by Mr. Robert Barker 14 o la

i8a 4 la

Warden Harris.

341

taken in August, 1649. The reader will notice the absence of the organs, which are described in the inventory of 1646 as • Two paire of organs, the one great, th' other a choire organ/ The Warden's love for 'organicall music' led him to keep them as long as he prudently could, but they were now bestowed out of sight, to wait for better times.

* In the Chappell and Veshie,

Imprimis. Two silver flaggons, double gilt, with a double case

of leather ; weight 76 oz., o dwt., 21 grs. Item. Two communion cupps with covers and a box; weight,

30 oz., o dwt, 24 grs. Item. A faire pall of white and redd with Starrs and crownes

of gold, lined. Item. One other pall of tisshowe (tissue), white and blew, lined

with canvas. Item. One little cushion of purple velvet for ye pullpitt. Item. One pall of greene baudkin ^ silke with flowers of gold, lined. Item. A new pullpitt cloth of purple vellvett with ye Founder's

Armes in ye midst and one cushion of ye same. Item. Two holland communion table clothes. Item. Two long cushions of grene vellvett th' one branched and

th* other plaine. Item. Two olde cushions of tawney vellvett. Item. Three old cushions of tapestry, and one of Turkie worke

with ye Founder's Armes. Item. Four silke cushions of needleworke. Item. A new cushion of tawney satyn for the Communion Table. Item. One old carpet of bustean, streaked. Item. Two deske clothes of redd damaske ; one other deske

cloth paved with fringe. Item. Four stall clothes of redd baudkin silke, with long cushions

made of an olde pall. Item. Three old English Bibles, ye bible of ye last translation

in 2 volumes, 4to., embossed, old, and ye same in 3

volumes, new. Item. De Lyra' in five libris : Moyses, Joshua, Judges, Ruth,

and four books of Kings. Item. Idem in Novum Testamentum. Item. One reading deske of brasse, the head of woode in ye

midst of ye Quire.

' Ante, p. 323. A converted Jew of the fourteenth century. ' If this Lyra never had played Luther would never have danced ' was a saying of the Catholic writers.

34» Annals of Winchester College.

I

Item. One Communion Table.

Item. One joyned forme and one other forme in the Quire.

Item. Four great Pewes in ye lower part (the ante chapel) with

doores ; two long seats with backes. Item. Two kneeling deskes th* one fastened to ye Pewe, th' other

loose. Item. One wainscott seate for the Commonsals. Item. Two long wainscott seates with backe and benches behinde

them. Item. One joyned forme broken ; four plaine formes. Item. One little Pew and seate of boorde by the south wall : four

setled benches in the Quire. Item. Two joyned Seates with doores in the lower parte. Item. A long table with a frame seate on either side, and one

other at ye end, in the Vestrie. Item. A Portall in the Vestrie with locke and keye, latch and

catch ; a chist for the candles. Item. One brasse candlestick for the Subwarden. Item. Three pewter candlesticks, two of tinne, twelve wooden,

four of yron for ye Masters: and two yron and six

wooden for ye children. Item. Five bells, a clock and a watch bell : two peeces of brass,

the epitaph of a Warden of Oxon '. Item. One bearer (bier), and a long forme with wainscot in

ye cloisters.'

In January, 1651-2, the Parliamentary Committee did a thing which caused no small stir in both Colleges. A Fellow of New College, named Hiscocks — (an intruded one, whose name does not appear in the lists of Winchester Scholars) made a vacancy, whereupon the Committee put in one Stoughton, alleging in their ordinance of January 22 that the College was

' not at present in a capacity to make their election in a statutable way, in regard that divers of the Fellows who were at the last Election at Winchester College were under deprivation for certain misdemeanours of which complaynt hath been made to this committee.'

' Probably of John Bouke, who died March 9, 1449-3. This brass in two pieces is carried on in the inventories for more than twenty years after it became de> tached from the wall without anybody taking the trouble to refix it, and ulti- mately disappeared. An item in the Bursars' book for 1670 of adl ' pro vase ad recipienda ahenea monumentorum fragmenta' — a vessel to receive broken brasses, shows the state to which these memorials of the dead were reduced through neglect.

Warden Harris,

343

James Sacheverell (adm. 1645), the scholar who would in the ordinary course have succeeded to this vacancy (and did succeed to one a few weeks later), petitioned the committee against this act of interference with his vested interest, and so did the scholars generally on the ground that they ought not to suffer, when their time came, for any disorders at Oxford. The Com- mittee seem to have acknowledged the force of the arguments of the petitioners, and did not interfere again. One good ordinance the Committee made a month later (Feb. 19), that resigning Fellows should place their resignations in the hands of the Warden of New College. The object was to check a practice of placing resignations in the hands of a friend to be used at the right time to secure the election of a relative at Winchester.

Thomas Flatman, a scholar of 1649, was called to the Bar and published a volume of poems in 1682. His friend, Oldys, praises him all round : —

' Should Flatman for his client strain the Laws, The painter gives some colour to the cause; Should criticks censure what the poet writ, The Pleader quits him at the Bar of Wit ! '

* This obscure and forgotten rhymer,' as Warton calls him, forgetting that Flatman was a Wykehamist, has the merit of writing a stanza which Pope thought worth copying. The Dying Christian to his Soul: —

*When on my sick bed I languish, Full of sorrows, full of anguish, Fainting, gasping, trembling, crying. Panting, groaning, speechless, dying, Methinks I hear some gentle spirit say, Be not fearful, come away ! '

Flatman was the speaker ad portas in 1654 : ' Flatman orationem habenti in ingressu oppositorum xiij" iv^,' is the entry in the accounts of that year.

Francis Turner (adm. 1650) was a son of the Dean of Canterbury. After holding the Mastership of St. John's College, Cambridge, and the Deanery of Windsor, he was elevated to the See of Rochester in 1683, and a few months afterwards to the See of Ely. He was one of the seven Bishops under James II, and was displaced in 1691, in company with Archbishop Sancroft and

344 Annals of Winchester College.

other Bishops who would not take the oath of allegiance to William III. His schoolfellow, Thomas Ken (s^dm. 1651), was the son of a Wykehamist, Thomas Ken, or Kenn, of E^endon, Herts (adm. 1627), who practised as an attorney at Great Berk- hamstead. Ken entered Commoners in 1646, and left for New College in 1656, having recorded the fact by cutting his name and the date in two places in the Cloisters, where it may yet be seen. He returned to Winchester as a Fellow in 1666, upon the death of Stephen Cooke. He was Vice- Warden in 1673 and Bursar in 1677 and 1678. In 1679 he went to Holland as chaplain to the Prince of Orange, and then to Tangier, as chaplain to the Earl of Dartmouth. On his return to Winches- ter in 1692 he served the office of Sacrist. During his year of oflSce, the lighting of the chapel was improved by the purchase of twenty- four new sconces, costing £2 iis. Two copies of the Book of Common Prayer and repairs of the old ones cost £3 115., and five ells of holland for the Holy Table cost £1 7s. 8rf. It is noticeable that there were four celebrations of the Holy Communion during his year of ofiice, instead of three, which was the usual number at that time. There were only two celebrations in the year when he was admitted. It may have been owing to his voice at College meetings that sub- scriptions were given of £5 to the Protestant Churches of Bohemia, £5 to the exiled French Protestants, and £50 to the rebuilding of St. Paul's Cathedral, during his year of office. He was Vice- Warden again in 1683. An organ, bought of Renatus Harris in that year for £55, was long known as Ken's organ. It stood in one of the Fellow's chambers. 'Sol. Harris emendanti organa in camera Mri Thistlethwa3rte, ii is vjd ' is an entry in the Bursars' book of 1701. In a similar entry in the book of 1735 it is called Bishop Ken's organ. We have already shown {antef Ch. IV) that Ken's chamber before he went to Holland was the one over Third (lately added to the Warden's lodgings), which he shared with two other Fellows, Chalkhill and Coles. Whether he was in the same chamber after his return from Tangier I am unable to say. Ken resigned his Fellowship on being made Bishop of Bath and Wells. His autograph resignation, dated Feb. 10, 1684-5, ^s preserved in the muniment room. He 'more especially,' says Evelyn \

* Diaty, Feb 4, 1685-6.

Warden Harris.

345

'assisted the devotions of Charles II in his last sickness/ With his schoolfellow Turner he was tried and acquitted, with the rest of the seven bishops, in 1688, for refusing to read the * Declaration of Liberty of Conscience/ and was displaced after the Revolution for refusing the oath of allegiance to William III. His Manual of Prayers was published in 1674. There is a portrait of Ken in the Warden's Gallery.

John Potenger, who was schoolmaster after Stanley, resigned ifl 1652, in consequence, according to tradition, of Puritanical innovations, and was succeeded by William Burt (adm. 1618), a native of Winchester. Potenger's son (adm. 1658) was a scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxon, and went to the Bar, becoming a poet and miscellaneous writer, and ending his days in the enjoyment of the little patent place of Comptroller of the Pipe, which Horace Walpole afterwards held.

The Register of Donations to the College Library was begun in 1652, at a cost of £3 25. for the vellum, 105. for binding, and £2 for making the original entries. It was kept up until the death of Warden Barter. The following will be found in it under date 1652 : —

* Honoradssimus Olivarius Dominus Protector Reipublicae Angliae ad instantiam clarissimi viri Nicolai Love \ armigeri, hos libros dim ad bibliothecam Ecclesiae Cathedralis Stae. Trinitatis Winton. per- tinentes huic Collegio dono dedit'

Then follow four and a half pages of MSS. and printed books. The first half of this entry has been nearly smudged out with ink, probably by some officious Royalist after the Restoration, who did not want it to appear that the Society was indebted to Cromwell for a present of such value. These books, however, were not exactly given to the Society. They had been removed to London after the suppression of the Dean and Chapter in October, 1646, and remained there until Cromwell, at the instance of Love, allowed the Society to buy them at a low price. This appears from the Bursars' book of 1653 : —

* Sol. pro libris deportatis a Winton, ad Londin. vj^ viij" : por- tandbus libros emptos a civitate Wynton. ad Collegium, iij' : pro libns deportatis a civitate Winton. ad Collegium, iij^.'

' The Society acknowledged Love's courtesy in 1653 by a present of a sugar- loaf costing £i 2S. td.

346

Annals of Winchester College.

The following books had been bought three years pre- viously : —

* Ravanelli Thesaurus, 2 vols., £1 8s. : Paraei Opera, Pt III, 16s. : Paraeus in Epistolam ad Romanos, £1 25.: Brockman's Systems Theologiae, 2 vols., /i 5s.* Samuel Desmaret's Elenchus Theologiae, £1 : HoUinger's Thesaurus, 9s. : Laurentius in Difficilior^ Loca Epist. Pauli, 85. : Vossius de Baptismo, 45. : Grotius de Jure Belli et Pads, 85. : Brockmanni Speculum, 25. : Corderius in Job, 165. : Faber's Historical and Theological Institutes, £1 2s. : Cartwrighf s Harmony, i6s.'

Also the following lot for £3 2s. : —

'Simplicius in Epictetum; Manilii Astronomicon, ed. Scaliger; Maioli's Dies Caniculares ; Pancirolus de rebus inventis et deperditis ; Plautus, ed. Taubmann ; Gavanti de litibus sacris ; Pevesii disputa- tiones, vols. !> 4, 5 : Vidat et Alvarez de auxiliis divinae gratiae ; Del Rio's Disquisitiones magicae ; and Godfrey's Opuscula. '

Edward Colley, C.F., of Glaston, Rutland (adm. 1654), was brother-in-law to Caius Gabriel Gibber, whose elder son, Colley, the dramatist and poet laureat, sought admission in vain. The younger son, Lewis (adm. 1697), was more fortunate, and died a Fellow of New College in 171 1. Colley Gibber's unlucky son Theophilus (see Goldsmith's Essays) was a Commoner. Colley Gibber tells us in his autobiography how Lewis Gibber got into College and he did not : —

' Being,' he says, * by my mother's side a descendant of Wyke- ham, my father, who knew littie how the world was to be dealt with imagined my having this advantage would be security enough for my success, and so sent me simply down thither without the least favourable recommendation or interest, but that of my unaided merit, and a pompous pedigree in my pocket. . . . The experience which my father thus bought at my cost taught him, some years afler, to take a more judicious care of my younger brother, Lewis Gibber, whom, with a present of a statue of the founder, of his own making '\ he recommended to the same College.'

It appears from the Bursars* book of 1655 that a fox was kept in the College in that year : ' Pro emendand^ catena vulpis j» *

^ Published in 161 7. Doctrines contained in this famous commentary mili- tated against the right divine of kings ; so that James I had it burned publicly by the hangman.

' The bronze statue which stands in a niche over the door of ' SchooL*

Warden Harris.

347

is the entry. The chain was often mended, and captivity did not agree with the fox, which was replaced frequently. One Roger Oades was paid 35. for one which he brought from Chamber- house in 1658, and 8s. for bringing another from Upham in 1659. A cub was bought for 3s. in 1662. The kennel (domus vulpina) was whitewashed in 1663. Sheep's paunches were bought to feed these foxes : ' Pro xx ly henges pro vul- pecula v«' occurs in 1673. An earthen vessel, by its name

' a panch '

* No sickly noggin, but a jolly jug,*

15.'

was bought in 1655 : ' Pro fictili majori Anglice a " panch' The word does not occur again.

The first allusion to deal or timber occurs in the Bursars' book for 1655, through the circumstance of a hundred deals having been bought at Southampton for the purpose of making a new cooler in the brewhouse. It was the great demand for timber after the fire of London eleven years later which brought deal into general use in this kingdom. The protectionist Evelyn says * : —

' I will not complain what an incredible mass of ready money is yearly exported into the northern countries for this sole commodity, which might be saved were we industrious at home, or could have it oat of Virginia.'

The entry in the Bursars' book is —

' SoL Hodson brasiatori profisciscenti Hampton duabus vicibus pro eligendo et emendo ly deale hordes pro ly cooler de novo faciendo, iv« vj^ : pro c deale hordes (120 to the 100), v^.*

The labour in making the cooler cost £1 125 \d.

^ SUva, Bk. i. ch. aa.

CHAPTER XXI.

Warden Burt (16518-1679.)

Burt schoolmaster. — Succeeds Warden Harris^ — Henry Beeston. — Buflder's prices in 165& — ^Accession of Charies IL — Lojralty of the Society. — Scholars of 1661. — Cost of provisions. — Supervisor's remarks in 166a.— Renewal of Charter of Privfleges. — Restoration of Wykeham*s chantry. — The plague in 1666. — Scholars removed to Crawley. — Election held at Newfouiy. — Chute; Welstead; Sacheverell; Norris. — ^Hamhledon Camoys. — Receipts and expenses on Progress.

Burt the schoolmaster succeeded Harris. A petition by the intruded Warden (Marshall) and Fellows of New CoU^e ' lUustrissimo Potentissimoque Domino, Domino Olivario, Dei Gratis Angliae, Scotiae, et Hibemiae Protectori/ for Oliver's sanction to the appointment, is preserved at Winchester, never having been presented owing to Oliver's death on September 3. Henry Beeston (adm. 1644) succeeded Burt as schoolmaster, and held that oflSce until he was chosen Warden of New College in 1679. The epitaph on the south wall of St. Michael's Church, Winchester, to his seven children, six of whom died under two, and one at eight years of age, runs thus over a row of seven tiny skulls : —

'M.S.

Septem liberorum, Elizabethae, Francisci, Gulielmi, Mariae, Georgii, Annae, Caroli, qui omnes sesquiennes, praeter Gulielmum qui octoennis, decessere.

Henricus ) geeston Anna ) P P moesti posuerunt

CI3 ID CLXXV

"Talium est regnum coelorum."

Matt. xix. 14.*

Warden Burt. 349

The following builder's prices in 1658 may be quoted : —

' Bricks, 25. 2d, per hundred ; lime, 45. per quarter ; sand, 5s. per load ; tiles, 25. per hundred ; ridge ditto, 35. per dozen ; flints, 15. 6d. per load ; hair, &/. per bushel. Daily wages : bricklayer, 15. 6^. ; labourer, 14^. ; ordinary ditto, &/. ; sawing planks, 45. (id. per hundred feet run.'

The College bells rang merrily on the news of the Restoration, and loyal Dr. Burt with Richards and Coles, two of the Fellows, went up to London with an address. Chaise hire (conductio rhedae) to London and back cost £3 155. It is the first recorded instance of a Warden of Winchester College travelling other- wise than on horseback. Hyde (Lord Clarendon) presented the deputation at Court, and deigned to accept a pair of gloves and some pieces of gold (chirothecae cum auro) value £4 2s. The deputation spent £11 i6s. 8rf. on the journey, and sank £17 9s. on exchanging Commonwealth money for new coins of Charles II \ They should have waited for the proclamation which shortly came out, giving currency to the Commonwealth . money at its full value — a politic course which saved a good deal of discontent.

Disiributio pauperibus in 1660-70 : —

' Anastasio Comneno, Archiepo Laodiceae in EcclesiS Graeci, £1 : generoso militi depauperate, 2s. : mendicantibus in Collegio, is. ; ministro seni a sequestratoribus depauperato, 2s. 6d. : Middleton de Barystickin Lane ', 25. Leigh, quern Olivarius venumdavit et depor- tatum voluit ad insulam Barbadoes (whom Oliver had sold for a slave to Barbadoes), 25.: Lumes, quern in fodinS mutilavit impetus ruentium carbonum (injured by a colliery accident), 6d, : pauperi cuidam pedagogo de Basingstoke, cui laesum erat cerebellum, is. : cuidam generoso de LusitaniS, exulanti religionis ergo, 55. : clerico de Southampton dum oppidum peste laborabat (while the plague raged in that town), los. : militi regio ulceribus scatenti, 6d. : quatuor captivis de Algiers, is. : Clement quondam choristae, morbo et pauperie laboranti, 25. 6d.*

Among the scholars of the year 1661 appear a Bishop (Man- ningham), a Chief Justice (Herbert), a Secretary of State (Tren-

^ Thus I find that £jS^<g^ of the usurper's coin was taken in May 1664 by Viner, Backhouse and Me3mell at a discount of £s 10s. per £100 and re- coined {Domestic StaU Papers, voL xcviii).

' The old name, according to Milner, of Canon Street The lane in which pigs were stuck ; ' barrow ' in Hampshire meaning a young male pig.

35° Annals tf W

chard), a Prebendary (Hough and a Head Master (Harris Fellow of both Colleges suet Collie Library, Two, Saint pox, the one in the prime of li The siaurus expensarum for

Wheat, ia6 batches

45 brewlocks . Audit bread Election bread . Flour at election

„ for Warden Waste . .

Malt, 45 brewlocks „ Beer at Election . „ „ Audit

Oats, 13 qrs. . Oatmeal, 4 qrs. 6 bus. . Oxen, 45J, 06,916 lbs, . Oxbeads, &c. Sheep, 633, 24,888 lbs. . Sheep's heads, &c., 460 lbs. Suet, 496 lbs. . Hops, 676 lbs.

Cheese and butter (quantity Bay and table salt .

Salt fish

Mustard and vinegar . Spices ....

Sugar

Raisins and currants . OUve oil ...

Rice .... Charcoal (69 quarters) , Tallwood, 33,700 logs , Faggots, 37,950 . Candles ....

Warden Burt. 351

The supervisors say at the Election of 1662 : —

* Mr. Marshall (one of the Fellowes) hardly ever attends common prayer in Chapel, and never wears a surplice. A scholar named Hunt (adm. 1658) has not obeyed the Warden's order that he shall 'wexr a surplice, and the Warden hath not punished him for con- tumacy. The Warden takes a vessel primae infusianis (of the first and strongest wort) of every brewing for his own use, and never dines or sups in Hail except at Election. The Chaplains take their bread, beer, and commons out of College.'

And in 1668 they complain

*That the Rolls ^ of persons accused are many times not so much taken notice of as they ought to be, punishment being oft times not inflicted upon peccant persons. Clark (one of the chaplains) enter- tains townsmen in his chamber, drinking and singing of rude songs, to the great disturbance of the greater part of the College. The choristers, who ought to be waiting in Hall, are so far exempted from this duty, that they become appropriated to Mr. Warden, and consequently the children are forced to fetch their own beer, and there are seldom more than three choristers to wait upon them at meals. The children are served with dead and stoop't beer, which they cannot well drink. The meat is over roasted and boiled by the cook *, and the best of the wort is taken from the brewhouse, so that the rest becomes smaller.'

However, the supervisors of the following year say, under the hand of Warden Woodward : —

* In this scrutiny there was nothing but ye beere complained of ; and Mr. Warden hath taken care yt it be mended.'

In 1662 the Society bought for £20 the following books,

which were priced as under : —

£ s. d.

Calvisii Chronologia i 10 o

Concilia Novissima Gallica o 18 o

Monasticon, Part II. i 10 o

Bp. Brumbrigg's Sermons o 15 o

Faber's Opus Concionum 2 10 o

Lotichii res Germanica 2 10 o

Meisneri opera 200

Placaei Disputationes o 12 o

Placaeus de Imputatione Peccati o 10 o

1 Lists of names for punishment ' The Bill ' at Eton means the same thing. ' The dripping and grease were his perquisites.

35* 'Annals of Winchester College.

£ s. d.

Rampii Bibliotheca Portabilis, ii vols 500

Vossii Thesaurus 060

Cornelius a Lapide in Proverbia et Solomon . . . 100

Bochart, Geographia Sacra 170

Also four Books of Common Prayer, £1 85.; two Litur- gies, in gilt bindings, £2; two smaller Liturgies, in gilt bindings, for the Holy Table, 185. ; six other copies, plain bound, £2. In 1665 twelve more Books of Common Prayer for the Commoners, two in large folio, for the Warden and Sub- Warden, and 10 plain bound, for the stalls, were bought.

The Charter of Privileges was renewed for the last time under Charles IL The fees on the renewal were as follows :—

£ s. d.

Attorney-General in gold 5 17 6*

Drawing the Report o 10 o

Drawing and engrossing the bill 600

Doorkeeper 026

Mr. Nicholas in the Secretary's office' . . . . 12 o 0

Doorkeepers 036

Fee at Signet Office 1 ^1 ^

„ Privy Seal Office 7 16 8

At the Patent Office :—

Paid for a skin of vellum, with a follower and silk

strings I 16 o

The clerk there 2 13 4

Drawing and entering the docket 030

The Lord Chancellor's gentlemen 2 16 8

Sealbearer's fee 030

The clerk 100

At the Hanaper Office : —

Enrolment aoo

Counter enrolment 890

Fees of the officers of the Chancellor and Master

of the Rolls I II 0

^ Gold being at a premium. In i66a the sum of ^5 65. 8dL and in 1665 the simi of £5 1 1& s^L was disbursed for five gold Jacobuses to be given to the Lord Chancellor, who had revived the fee given to Lord Burghley and his suc- cessors prior to the Commonwealth.

* Quaere, son of Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State under Charles I and H.

J

Warden Burt.

353

Paid for box to hold the patent „ the solicitor for his paines „ carriage of the charter to Winchester

050 500 o a 6

;^I05 o 6

The tomb of Wykeham and his chantry or mortuary chapel in the nave of Winchester Cathedral underwent in 1664 certain repairs, at the time when the Cathedral was being restored, as far as was possible, to its former state and appearance, after the devastation committed during the Civil War and Common- wealth. The chantry Wykeham built in his lifetime ; and his body was interred within it, pursuant to a direction contained in his will : —

' Item lego corpus meum, cum ab h§c luce migravero, tradendum ecdesiastice sepulture in medio cuiusdam capelle in navi dicte ecdesie ex parte australi eiusdem per me de novo constructed

The tomb, if I may quote Lowth's description of it,

* is of white marble, of very elegant workmanship, considering the time, with his effigies in his pontifical robes lying along upon it.'

Milner^ gives a full description both of chantry and tomb. The following entries in the Bursars' book of 1664 refer to what was done in that year : —

£ 5. d. Sol. m^ Bird pro reparando monumento fundatoris 11 70 M'Q Hawkins pingenti et deauranti monumentum

fundatoris ex nostra parte 6 13 8 '

Fabro ferrario conficienti ferreum le hearse' pro

statusi fundatoris o 17 6

Eidem conficienti novam serram cum clave et duplici

vecte ad capellam monument! o 17 o

Pro xij ulnis canabi pro tegumento ad statuam ad xx^

per ulnam ; et pro conficiendo eodem . . . i i 10

' History of Winckestir, Pt II, Ch. ii. ' New College paid the other half of the bilL

* Used here, I think, in its primary sense of ' Candelabrum ecclesiasticum quod ad caput cenotaphii erigi solet ' (Ducange, sub voc. ' hersia '). At this period it was more often used to denote the tomb itself : —

' In place of scutcheons that should deck thy hearse Take better ornaments, my tears and verse.'

Ben Jonson, Epig. xxvii

A a

354 Annals of Winchester College,

Joh. Lockett pro zxxiiij tridendbus amminaris ferras

pro eodem et pro les spikes 380

Eidem emendanti ferream vectem ibidem et pro le

rivctt 016

George et operario per tres dies et dim. faciendo fora- mina et cum plumbo figent. les spikes circa smmni- tates tumuli ftindatoris 094

£24 15 10

These repairs were rendered necessary by the damage which the monument had sustained during the Civil War. The fact of the epitaph^ in brass letters inlaid round the slab, on which the marble figure of Wykeham reposes, having escaped injury, gives credit to the tradition that some pious Wykehamist afforded proteiction to it. The Founder's monument was repaired again in 1797, at a cost of £48 45. 8^., and is now in good order.

Under cusius capdlae et librariae in 1665 I find a reference to a present fi'om Margaret Cavendish, afterwards Duchess of Newcastle, of two of her works. Burt's letter acknowledging them is not preserved. The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge acknowledged a presentation copy of one of her works in the following language : —

* Most excellent Princess, you have unspeakably obliged us all, but not in one respect alone. Whensoever we find ourselves non- plussed in our studies, we repair to you as our oracle : if we knock at the door, you open it to us ; if we compose an history, you are the remembrancer; if we be confounded and puzzled among the philosophers, you disentangle and assort all our difficulties,* &c.

Cusius armorum in 1665 : —

*Mr. Richards, for a buffe coat and vest, £^ 8s.; Vander (the London carrier), taking the vest up to be altered, is, 6d, ; the tailor, making it looser and larger, as. 6d. ; changing the buffe coat for

' < Willelmus dictus Wykeham jacet hie nece victus,

Istius ecclesie presul, reparavit eamque. Largus erat dapifer; probat hoc cum divite pauper. Consiliis pariter regni fuerat bene dexter. Hunc docet esse pium fundacio coUegionim, Oxonie primum Wintonieque secundum. Jugiter oretis tumulum quicunque videtis Pro tantis meritis ut sit sibi vita perennis.'

Warden Burt. 355

another one, los. ; leather for sleeves for the vest, is. ; tailor makin the sleeves, and for buttons, galloon and dimity for lining, 2s. 6d. A pair of holsters, a breastplate, crupper, bit and bridle, 155. ; cleaning the carbine and pistols, 35. ; Webb (the College trooper), carrying arms two days, 55. : gunpowder, 6d.^

Walter Harris, a scholar admitted to New College in 1666, was physician to William III, and attended Queen Mary on her death bed.

At Whitsuntide, 1666, the plague made its appearance at Winchester. It had visited Southampton in the preceding autumn, while it was raging in London, and the Society seem to have subscribed to a fund for the relief of the sufferers ; — ' Dat. ex gratis miserime afflictis peste et fame in villi South- ampton xV is an entry in the Bursars' books of 1665. The memory of its ravages in Winchester on this occasion is kept up by the annual festival of the Natives' Society, which was founded for the succour of the orphans and widows of the victims. Upon the sickness appearing in the Soke the School broke up. Some of the scholars were sent home, one of them, who had nowhere to go for a fortnight, receiving a small sum for his subsistence meanwhile : — ' Dat. Houghton puero, cum jussus esset excedere e coUegio per duas septimanas et non haberet ubi comod^ viveret, yj".' The rest were removed to Crawley, a village five miles west of Winchester, and lived in a farmhouse there for a month. Why they were not sent to Moundsmere, where the tenant was obliged to receive them under the circumstances, does not appear. No reason is re- corded, but Moundsmere is further off, and possibly the build- ings were out of repair, or the tenant was recalcitrant. The College was closed while the sickness lasted, the servants being dismissed on board wages, and Roger Oades, the old servant who fetched the fox in 1658, minding the outer gate and bring- ing over victuals to Crawley in panniers on the College horses. These are the entries in the Bursars' book relating to the affair: —

£ s* ^' Pro domo conduct& ad Crawley a quodam Henrico

Talmage 11 o o

Operariis ibidem lo 19 i

Rogero Oades attendenti portas et portanti victualia ad

Crawley o 10 o

Pro carriagiis 17 4 4

Pro impedito prati foeno per lusus puerorum . 200

A a 2

35* Annals of Winchester College,

It does not appear certain that any scholar died of the plague ; but there was a falling off in the consumption of bread and beer to the extent, as compared with the previous year, of 15,360 lbs. of bread, and 200 hhds. of beer, which shows how^ many absentees there must have been^ The plague broke out again in the summer of 1667, While it was raging, the two Wardens met at Hursley (as near as the Warden from Oxford dared to venture), and decided that the election for 1667 should be held at Newbury, The election was held there accordingly, Burt meeting the other Warden at Speenhamland, a mile out of Newbury, on the road to Oxford, and Bampton, the senior scholar, speaking the oration 'ad Portas* there. The election of 1667 continued to be the only instance of an election held without the walls of the College until the new governing body came into office. It is their practice to hold elections at the Westminster Palace Hotel, London.

College seems to have been closed from the latter part of August until the end of December. No deaths are recorded ; but there is an allusion to the cost of covering the graves of those who died of the plague (not necessarily College people) which may be seen in ' Long Hills,' the winding valley which divides ' Hills ' from Twjrford Down. The Bursars' book for 1667 contains the following entries : —

£ s, d.

Pro conventu apud Hursley et aliis ezpensis . . 156 Pro expensis electionis apud Newbury . . . 51 5 9 Bampton pro oratione apud conventum in Speen- hamland o 13 4

Silver scolari pro comunis per xiij septimanas . . 200

Servis absentibus pro comunis 5® 4 6

Vice custodi pro pane et potu tempore pestilentiae per

xvi septimanas i 17 4

Septem aliis sociis pro simili, item M*** informatori

et uni capellano 16 16 o

Ixiv scolaribus pro defectu comunarum . 112 14 o

Choristis pro simili 10 10 o

Pro le tar et pitch ad purgand. cameras scolarium . 009

Pro sepeliendis sepulcris pestilentibus ad Long Hills . 100

^ The year's consumption was only 118 quarters of wheat, say 74,640 lbs. of bread at 60 lbs. to the bushel, and 720 hhds. or 38,880 gallons of beer, whereas 150 quarters of wheat and 920 hhds. of beer were used in 1665.

Warden Burt. 357

The Society appear to have behaved very liberally to the sufferers in the parishes of St. John and St. Peter CheeshilL An item in the Bursars' book of 1668 of 4//. for incense to bum in chapel, perhaps as a disinfectant, recalls Evelyn's observa- tion * that perfume was burnt in the Chapel Royal before the service began on Easter Day, 1684.

Ten years later Widow Tipper, the relict of the College chandler, obtained a gratuity of £6 135. 41/. ' causft damni circa ly tallow tempore pestis anno mdclxvi.' The rule was that the butcher should supply the chandler with a stated quantity of tallow to be made into candles for use in College. While the plague was raging, the consumption of meat, and consequently the supply of tallow, fell off, so that Tipper had to buy tallow elsewhere. Hence his widow's application. The following memorandum by one of the Bursars of 1731 will explain the arrangement with the chandler : —

'The butcher is to deliver 1600 lbs of tallow ^a/ris to the chandler, out of which the chandler is to deliver 133 dozen and 4 lbs. of candles at i&/. per dozen lbs. for the exchange and i&Z. per dozen lbs. for the duty and cotton.

DOZEN LBS.

To the Warden a8

Ten Fellows . . . . . . 20

Schoolmaster i

Usher i

Cook 6

Chaplains 6

Clerks i 6 lbs.

Butier 22 8 „

Brewer 2

Porter 3

The children 42

133 2 lbs.

* The overplus, if any, belongs to the Bursars. Usually there is an overplus of a dozen and a few pounds by the absence of the children at Christmas.*

Edward Chute, the last scholar admitted in 1669-70, was a grandson of Challoner Chute, of the Vyne, Esq., who was Speaker of the House of Commons in Richard Cromwell's

^ Diary, March 30, 1684.

1

358 Annals of WinchesUr College,

Parliament, and grandfather of John Chute of the Vyne, Horace Walpole's correspondent.

Thomas Welstead (adm. 1670) died Jan. 13, 1676-7, of a blow from a ston^, as his epitaph in Cloisters tells us : —

'Hoc sub marmore sepultus est Thomas Welstead Quern calculi ictu mors Prostravit : in hac scola Primus erat, nee, Ut speramus, in caelo ultimus est Quod pro Oxonift adiit I3<* die Januarii i domini 1676 ^""^ I aetatis suae i8.'

Henry Sacheverell (adm. 1671) was not the notorious Dr. Sacheverell, but 'a very ingenious gentleman of the same name who died young, to whom Addison dedicated an early paper of verses^* John Norris, another scholar of 1671, was nominated by Bishop Morley. He matriculated at Exeter College, and became a Fellow of All Souls' in 1680. He was author of An Essay towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intdti- gible World. John Packer, who was nominated by Charles U in 1672, was a son of John Packer of Groombridge, Evelyn's friend.

Custus capellae in 1672 contains an item of 25. ' pro veneno ad conservationem organorum,' to save the bellows from being eaten by the rats.

Under custus aulae — 'Seven ells holland for Fellows' table, 195. lorf. ; thirty-three ells lockeram for napkins, 39s. io\d. ; sixty-seven ells unbleached linen for scholars' and servants' tables, 72s. 'jd. ; trenchers, 75. per gross.' In 1673 there occurs an entry of 6s. 6d. for mending and regilding the ' Founder's spoone,' a piece of plate which has not come down to us.

There was a law-suit in 1673 with a Mr. Bettesworth about the Camoys Hill property, which he appears to have regarded as his own freehold, but which was really parcel of Hambledon Camo3rs, a small manor which Wykeham's executors annexed to the College in 2 Hen. V. Commissioners sat at the White Hart Inn, Hambledon, to take the depositions of sundry aged

* Johnson, Lives of the Poets,

Warden Burt. 359

witnesses who were unable to travel. The expenses of other witnesses at the King's Head in Winchester during the assizes amounted to £1 iis. 6d. And John Pratt and his son, John Littlefield, William Newman, and Edward Abennath had 155. 6d. among them for coming from the locality to give evidence if required. Counsel for the College were Serjeant Maynard, fee, 405. ; Dr. Strowde, fee, 405. ; and Mr. Powlett, fee, 205. The Serjeant's clerk had 5s., and 6s. was spent in 'regards* at the house of Attorney Coward. Harris, the Steward of the College manors, had £5 for his services, and Oswald Fryer, his clerk, had £1. The College won the day. Distrtbutio paupertbus, 1673-6: —

* Two prisoners of war from Holland, is, ; Gray and Carew, two Irish cavaliers, who had suffered by a fire (combiuium passis), is, ; towards redeeming Vibart of Southampton from captivity amongst the Turks, 55.; the minister of tlie French Protestant church at Southampton, 105.; to redeem a Southampton man in prison at Sallee, los. ; a priest of the Eastern Church who had been in prison in Crete, 65. ; a soldier who had been wounded at Tangier, 15. ; a poor Chaldean priest who had been robbed by the Turks, £2\ Walter Tichbome, £^ ; a labourer at the College " a pulvere pyrio lethaliter sauciatus,"' los.

The expenses and receipts on the autumn Progress, Sept. i-x8, 1674, appear by the outrider's book to have been as follows : — Eling: — £ s. d.

Dinner and provender i 17 10

The servants 010

Beer at the Court house 004

Gratuity to Abraham Wing 050

Femhill : — Gratuities 070

Blandford : —

Supper and breakfast i 9 10

Provender o 15 10

The servants oao

The blacksmith for shoes 030

A poor man on the road 003

Sydling :—

Valuing a suicide's goods oao

Gratuities o 12 o

Mr. Floyd, playing on the harp 050

The poor '. . . 030

360 Annals of Winchester College.

Piddletrentliide :— £ s, d.

Gratuities 0120

At the house of Dr. White, the Vkar .... 010

The poor 040

A peck of malt for a mash for ahorse . 006

Blandford * :—

Supper and breakfast i 7 10

Provender o 13 o

The ostler 010

Coombe Bisset : —

Gratuities 070

The smith 010

Moundsmere : —

Gratuities 040

A blind man 002

One who showed us the way , 006

Manydown and Andwell :—

Gratuities oiao

Ashe (Surrey) : —

The clerk showing the church 006

Gratuities 050

The smith 008

Mending the chaise 010

Famham Castle : —

Gratuities oa6

Alton :—

A sick person o 10 o

Ropley : —

Gratuities 050

Meonstoke :—

Gratuities at Dr. Matthews' house 076

At the Court House 010

Huntboume : —

Gratuities 046

Hire of a horse eighteen days . ' . . . . o 18 o

;^X3 3 8

^ The College had no property here. It was the place at which they broke their journey, as on this occasion, from Piddletrenthide near Dorchester, to Combe Bisset, near Salisbury. In 17 14 the Society subscribed ;£*$ 45. 6dl to a fund for the relief of the sufferers from the late dreadful fire there.

Warden Burt, 361

Receipts on same Progress.

Eling:— £ $, d.

Fine, Richard Winkworth o 15 o

Fine, John Olding o 15 o

Fine, Will. Shepheard 150

Two fines and the heriot of John and Sarah Durrant . 2 10 o

Two heriots of James Lord, out of Court . . . 4 10 o

Fine, James Lord 11 o o

Fine, Patience Pointer and sisters . . 6 10 o

Another fine. Patience Pointer 100

Fine, Michael Powell 600

Fine, Walter Hammond o 15 o

License to let, Mrs. Ford o 10 o

Femhill : —

Fine on exchange of one life, John Burrard, gent. . 100

Sydling : —

Amerciament, John Northover 026

Amerciament, John Hopkins 006

Heriot, Mrs. Dorothy Webb 200

Fine, Mrs. Honora HoUway 18 o o

Fine, on exchange of one life, Mrs. Honora Hollway

(in error) o 10 o

Jane Foy, license to let o 18 o

Exchange of one life, John Kiddle 200

Do. Matthew Devenish 200

Three new lives in the Barn, and one in the twelve

acres, Mrs. Lydia Hussey 800

Piddletrenthide : —

Heriot, John Crocker 050

Fine, John Vincent, and heriot, John Brine . . 350

Three new lives, Jasper Stickland . . . 12 o o Exchange of three lives, Robert Oxenbridge, Esq. and

heriot, John Randall, gent 14 o o

Coombe Bisset : —

Fine, John Hebart 7 10 o

Two new lives, license to let, John Sellwood . . 28 o o

Moundsmere : —

Relief, John Lock o 10 o

Andwell : —

Relief, John Rogers, clerk 070

Relief, Thomas Browne 010

Fine, Edmund Penton 300

Ashe : —

Cert, money ' 050

' A chief rent, or rent of assize.

^i.

I

3162

Annals cf fVimtkesier CoUegt,

Ropley:— I s. i.

Fine, James Gilbert o 16 o

Two heriots, Richard Ween, out of Comt 100

Fine, James Ween 400

Exchangeof one life, John White 600

Exchange of three lives. Win Godden . o 13 o

Heriot, Anne Bndd, out of Court a 10 0

If eonstoke : —

Fine and heriot, Owen Crane 100

Fine and heriot, John Earwicker 180

Hamble Rice (out of Court) :—

Two fines and heriots on White's surrender a o o

Itchenstoke (out of Court) : — Heriot, Thome * a 10 o

Allington (out of Court) : — Clement Westcombe, fine on putting in one new life in

lieu of three old lives a 10 o

Total .... j^i^ II o Deduct : —

I s. <L

Expenses 12 19 8

Allocation to those who rode on

this Progress .868 ai 6 4

Balance .... ;£i4a 4 8

Pit-coals (carbones fossiles) are mentioned for the first time in the Bursars' book of 1675. They were dear, fourteen chal- drons eight bushels costing £34 115. 8^., about 15. 6d. per bushel, the measure by which coals were sold in Winchester as long as they came by canal from Southampton.

' This Hfehold continued in the ikmily of Thorne till iSaS, when it passed into the family of the present Lord Ashburton.

CHAPTER XXII.

Warden Nicholas (1679-171T),

William Harris. — Alterations of Chapel. — ' School ' built — Subscribers.'— Why Bishop Morley gave the timber. — Dupaizy, a French refugee. — Attempt of Charles II to nominate the Steward. — Small-pox in 1684. — Eliot's Indian bible. — ^Trees in Meads. — A Meave-out' letter. — John Philips. — Young's 'Night Thoughts.' — Dr. Cobden's legacy. — William Harrison. — Dr. Chcyney. — Needs the Prophet. — College Bells. — Warden's allowance& — Waste of beer. — Bishop of Winchester's visitatorial power. — Scholars' Commons. — Fees in College and Commoners.

Dr. John Nicholas * (adm. 1653), the Warden of New College, succeeded Dr. Burt in 1679. Beeston became Warden of New College, and Dr. William Harris (adm. 1661) took charge of the School. He was a Fellow of Winchester College at the time, and had been Regius Professor of Greek at Oxford, and hostiarius for a short time under Beeston. Harris reigned twenty-one years, and was a benefactor, giving £100 to the fund for building ' School,* and £200 to improve the Scholars* commons, by substituting veal for salt fish once a week in Lent —a reform of which Dr. Taylor's widow, the old lady whose portrait hangs in Hall, usually has the credit. Dying in 1700, he bequeathed a large sum — Adams says £800— for the im- provement and decoration of the choir of Winchester Cathedral, of which he was latterly a prebendary. Dr. Nicholas was also a benefactor. In 1681 he gave a large silver-gilt bowl and two silver-gilt salvers as an instalment towards replacing the plate which went to Charles I, and shortly afterwards the two Books

^ He was a son of Matthew Nicholas (adm. 1607) who became Dean of Bristol in 1629 and Dean of St. Paul's at the Restoration. Matthew Nicholas was a younger son of John Nicholas, Esq., of Winterboume Earls, whose eldest son, Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State under Charles I and II, was bom in 159a.

364 Annals of Winchester College,

of Common Prayer, bound in crimson velvet with silver-gilt clasps, which lie on the Communion Table in the College chapel. He spent £1373 on building the garden front and other improvements of the Warden's lodgings, and superin- tended the alteration of the interior of the chapel in X687-92, which cost altogether £1547 175. td} In his leisure time he indexed the first volume of the Register of Scholars, and made a copy of the Statutes — no light undertaking — for the use of his successors. 'School,* however, was his chief work. Few buildings are uglier, or better suited to their purpose. The interior is lofty and well proportioned, being ninety feet long, thirty-six feet wide, and about thirty feet high. Round the cornice of the ceiling, which is divided into compartments and ornamented with garlands in relief*, are the arms of Bishops Morley, Ken, and Turner ; William Pierpoint, Earl of Kings- ston-upon-Hull ; Charles Pawlett, Earl of Wiltshire ; Wri- othesley Baptist Noel, Viscount Campden ; Wardens Beeston and Nicholas, and Harris the Schoolmaster. The walls are covered to half their height with dark wainscot, carved with names, like the panelling of Upper School at Eton, but to nothing like the same extent ; and a bookcase, having the stove in front of it, is let into the south wall opposite the doorway '.

School is now used on speech-days and for concerts and lectures. A fine organ by Hill and Son has been erected at the east end of it, on a raised platform. The masters* desks, the benches on which the boys sat and wrote, and the 'scobs * or boxes in which they kept their books, &c., have disappeared. The Tabula Legum Paedagogicarum, which used to be at the east end, is now over the doorway *.

^ This appears from the Bursars' books. The belief that Warden Nicholas found the money for these alterations is erroneous.

^ A ceiling in No. 3 the Close, which was the prebendal house of Dr. Nicholas, is decorated in a similar manner, and so are the ceilings of the principal rooms of an old Manor house at Eye in Herefordshire, which is now the parsonage.

' School was built without a fireplace or chimney, probably because there was no fireplace or chimney in the old schoolroom under the HalL The present fireplace and chimney were provided in 1784, at a cost of £84, which was taken out of money bequeathed by Dr. Taylor for the improvement of the scholars' com- mons. The present stove replaces a ' patent air stove ' which cost £38 ids. 6</. in 1784.

' These quaint old byelaws, which Adams {Wykehamicq^ p. 93) regards as

Warden Nicholas.

3«5

On another board at the west end of School the Wykeham- ical emblems are painted. A mitre and pastoral staff, beneath them AUT DiscE. Still lower a sword, a pen and an inkhorn *, beneath them aut discede. Lower still Warden Baker's vimen quadriparHtum and manet sors tertia, caedi, completing the verse. Christopher Jonson (adm. 1549) quotes this verse from the wall of the old schoolroom, where it was painted in his day. The meaning of the emblems is easy to see. The mitre and pastoral staff denote the highest reward of diligence ; to others the law and the army are open; mere dunces a flowing awaits.

The first stone of ' School * was laid in September, 1683. It

coeval with the school, are subjoined in their present form as revised by Warden Hnntingford : —

• In Tkmplo. — Deus colitor. Preces cum pio animi effectu peraguntor. Oculi ne

vagantor. Silentium esto. Nihil profanum legitor. In ScholA. — Diligenti& quisque utitor. Submisse loquitor secum, clare ad pre-

ceptorem. Nemini molestus esto. Orthographic^ scribita — Anna scholas-

tica in promptu semper habeto. In AulA. — Qui mensas consecrat, clare pronunciato. Caeteri respondento.

Recti interim omnes stanto. Recitationes intelligenter et apte distinguuntor.

Ad mensas sedentibus omnia decora sunto. In ATRia — Ne quis fenestras saxis pilisve petito. Aedificium neve inscribendo

neve insculpendo deformato. Neve operto capite, neve sine socio, coram

magistris incedito. In Cdbiculo. — Munda omnia sunto. Vespere studetor. Noctu quies esto. The

words before Huntingford's time were : — Noctu dormitor. Interdiu stude- tor. Solum cubiculorum verritor. Stemuntor lectuli. Munda omnia sunto.

Per fenestras nemo in atrium prospicito. Contra qui faxit piaculum esto. In Oppioo, ad Montem. — Sociati omnes incedunto. Modestiam prae se ferato.

Magistris ac obviis honestioribus capita aperiuntor. Vultus, gestus, inces-

sus componuntor. Intra terminos ad Montem praescriptos quisque se con-

tineto. In omni loco et tempore. — Qui plebeius est praefectis obtemperato. Is ordo

vitio careto, caeteris specimen esto ; uterque a pravis omnibus verbis factis-

que abstineto. Haec et his similia qui contra faxit si quando referantur

judicium damns.'

Feriis exactis nemo domi impune moratur. Extra Collegium absque venia

exeuntes tertiA vice expellimus *. ^ In a coloured sketch of the original painting, preserved in a MS. copy of Clirtstopher Jonson's poem, which Dr. Philip Barton bequeathed to the College in 1765, a reed pen case and inkhorn of a different shape are represented as hanging by strings from something, apparently a girdle.

* This last clause was added by Huntingford.

366 Annals of Winchester College.

was finished June 11, 1687 '. The subscriptions ran short, and Warden Nicholas made up the deficiency. The following list of subscribers is taken from the fly-leaves at the end of Heete*s copy of the Statutes.

The New School at Winchester College.

The Foundation was laid Sept 1683, finish^ June the nth, 1687.

The Benefactors' names.

£ s. d.

George Morley, Bp. of Winchester, gave £,\o and

forty oaks, measuring thirty loads . . . . 80 o o Francis Turner, Bp. of Ely, formerly Fellow of New

College 2000

Thomas Kenn (sic\ Bp. of Bath and Wells, formerly

Fellow of this College 30 o o

William Pierpoint, Earl of Kingston, formerly Com- moner 100 o o

Charles Pawlett, Earl of Wiltshire, eldest son to the

Marquis of Winchester, formerly Commoner . 50 o o Wriothesley Baptist Noel, Visct. Campden, only son

to the Earl of Gainsborough, formerly Commoner 30 o o

Sir John Nicholas, Knt. of the Bath . . . . 346

Henry Beeston, LLD., Warden of New College . . 50 o o

Richd. Traffics, Fell. N. C, and Charles his brother 50 o o

Edwin Sandys, Fell. N. C 500

Thomas Lee, Fell. N. C. 3 4^

Rob. Sewster, Fell. N. C 230

Tho. Munday, Fell. N. C. 230

Wm. Hughes, Fell. N. C 230

Thos. Roberts, Fell. N. C 220

Dav. Wickham, Fell. N. C. 230

Ch. Ford, Fell. N. C. . 230

Geo. Thomas, Fell. N. C 460

John Ballard, Fell. N, C 2 10 o

Wm. Musgrave, Fell. N. C 230

Saml. Palmer, Fell. N. C 346

Rob. Woodard, Chancellor of Sarum . . . 20 o o

Edwd. Spencer, Steward of N. C 50.0

Sir Edwd. Law, Knt., formerly Fell. N. C. . . . 20 o o Edward Masters, formerly Fell. N. C, Chancellor of

Exeter 10 15 o

* Upper School at Eton was built by Provost AUestree (1605-81) and rebuilt 1689-94 by means of a fund raised under Provost Cradock. It cost £9300 (Maxwell Lyte, Eton CotUge^ ch. xiv).

Warden Nicholas.

367

Rob. Sharrock, formerly Fell. N.C.,Preb. of Winchester Dr. Bourchier, LLD., Regius Prof, of Oxon, formerly

child of this College

Wm. Oldys, LLD., formerly Fell. N. C.

Nics. Stanley, M.D., formerly Fell. N. C.

Stephen Penton, Principal of Hart Hall, formerly

Fellow N.C

Thos. Harris, Esq., of Coleme, formerly Fell. N. C. .

John Hersent, formerly Fell. N. C

Ric. Clyde, formerly Fell. N. C

Tho. Penruddocke, formerly child of this College Tho. Oxenbridge, Esq., formerly child of this College John Bloodworth, formerly Commoner of this College John Franklyn, Master in Chancery, formerly child of

this College

Geo. Reynell, S.T.P., formerly child of this College Ric. Porch, formerly child of this College . Ambrose Philips, Esq., Seijt. at Law, formerly Fell

N. C

Henry Wallop . Commensales

John Wallop .

Thomas Brown

James Batter .

Rob. Hyde

Brian Turner .

Ric. Harris

Wm. Beach

Ric Browne .

Rog. Jones, Steward of the College, formerly a child

Allen Garway

Hen. Parker

Matt. Hutton

Charles Cutts

Godson Penton, of Winchester City

Maria Brideoake, widow of the Bishop of Chichester

Eliz. Mompesson, the Warden's sister .

Susan Daniel, the Warden's sister

Jane Harris, the schoolmaster's mother

Eleanora Rowlinson

Ric. Osgood .

Wm. Emmes .

Seth Ward

Pharamus Fiennes .

Peregrine Thistlethwaite

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368

Annals of Winchester College.

Edw. Young, Dean of Sarum, FelL W. C. Thos. Che3mey Geo. Beaumont Tho. Peachman Rob. Eyre

Wm. Harris, schoolmaster . John Nicholas, CoUegii Beatae Mariae Winton. custos, quibus instituta sua perfecit

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Bishop Morleys warrant for the forty oaks is quoted below, for the sake of the reasons which he gives for granting them*.

' Ball Court ' in the rear of School was made in 1688. Some- thing of the same kind existed before. References to an * area pilaris' somewhere behind the old buildings occur at a very early date.

Custus amtorum in 1679 : —

* Seven muskets, £\ 125. : a carbine, 12s. : five brace of pistols, two pairs of holsters, and bags, £2 175. : five sets of bandoleers, las. 6d. :

' This should be f 1477 75. 31/. if the total is correct.

' 'Whereas the Reverend the Warden of Winchester College and the Fellows for the better accommodation of the children of the said College and others that are permitted to come to school thither and to rescue them from the many and great inconveniences which the closeness and straitness of their present school in proportion to their number must necessarily subject them to have agreed and do design to build a new one, which shall be not only more capacious and in all particulars more convenient, but built in a more open and airy place : And to that end have made application for me to grant them some timber out of Stoke Park towards it, and thereby become a benefactor to it, iKath which motion of their's I thought fit to comply, being as an inducement there- unto informed by them that their predecessors were in the late ill times veiy industrious and successfully instrumental in preserving the timber in the s' park, which probably would otherwise, as much of the timber belonging to my bishoprick then was, have been also cut down and destroyed. These are there- fore to command and require you to assign and mark out to the said Warden and Fellows, or to such person or persons as they shall think fit to authorise and appoint on this behalf, in such places of Stoke Park where the trees are thickest, and may consequently be best and most conveniently spared, thir^ loads of good timber. And for so doing this shall be your warrant. Given under my hand and seal the first day of March, Anno Domini one thousand six

hundred and eighty-two.

' George Winton.

* To Mr. John Ridley my general Woodward, these.'

Warden Nicholas,

369

fixing ^ and cleaning the muskets, 95. ^, : twelve lbs. powder, los. td, : twenty-seven lbs. bullets, and a crupper and breastplate, 3s. : new stocks and locks to two calivers, £1.*

DistribuHo pauperibus in 1679-88 : —

' Militibus ad portam Coll. mendicantibus, is. : duabus mulierculis ad redimend. maritiun et filium captivos, 5s. : pauperi Lincolniensi inundato, 6d, : Salgado, presbytero Hispano converso (a convert from Popery), 105. : ad redimendum Robinson (one of the servants), a carcere, 9s. ^. : subscription to aid the Protestant churches of Bohemia, £^ : French Protestant exiles, £^ : rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral (in four years), £s^^: a poor Wykehamist (name not mentioned), £1 is,6d.: a Jew (converted ?), £1 : one whose surname ivas Digby, i& : sufferers from the king's evil, is. 6^. : M. Dupaizy, a French Protestant minister, ;£io*, others, £$: a soldier who had been in College, los. : Crake, a Wykehamist (qy. Francis Crake, adm. 1648), £a : divers Irish tramps (itinerantibus), 2S.66L : to the fund for the relief of indigent scholars of Magdalen College, Oxford,

CusiHS cultnae in 1680 : — ' Pro retibus ad cramben (cabbage nets), 6rf.' The first reference to cabbages occurs twelve years previously. Cauliflowers are mentioned for the first time in 1674, when 100 plants were bought for 35.

Cusius gardini same year : — ' Pro unirota (a wheelbarrow) in usum hortolani, iij" vj^ : pro xxiij perticis et dim. viviradicum (twenty-three and a half rods of quickset) for the hedge divid- ing the Fellows' garden from the paddock, £1 35. 6rf.*

Charles II was a good deal at Winchester. He was there in 1661, for there is an entry of 7s. 6d. for ringing the College bells when he came. He was there again in 1665, in order to avoid the plague in London ; and in 1682 he determined to make Winchester his principal country residence, and

* Making fit for use, in the American sense of the word.

' Charles II promised £500 in four years and undertook the entire charge of restoring the west end.

' Dupaizy was one of a number of French Protestant refugees who settled in Winchester after the revocation of the edict of Nantes in 1685. The College made him an allowance of ^^5 a year until his death in 1699, and continued it to his ividow till her death in 170a. He had two sonsin Commoners in 1690-4.

* Victims of James II, who ejected the President and twenty-fire Fellows arbitrarily enough. He restored them, however, when he heard that the Prince of Orange was coming.

Bb

370 Annals of Winchester College.

began the ' King's House ' (now the barracks), which he did not live to finish. There is no certainty that he ever visited the College, or took any interest in it, except in the vacancies for scholars. These he had an eye to as we have already seen (ante, p. 73). And when the stewardship was vacant by the death of John Harris (a son of Warden Harris, who suc- ceeded Roger Jones, the steward who went to Charles I at Oxford to solicit his protection for the College), the King claimed the appointment for a nominee of his own in the following letter to Warden Nicholas : —

' Charles R. * Trusty and well beloved, wee greet you well. Having received good information of the sufferings and loyalty of Edward Appleford, Esq., and of his abilities in the Law, wee have thought fit by these presents to recommend him unto you to bee chosen into the steward's place of the College of Winchester, which wee are given to under- stand is now void by the death of John Harris, Esq., not doubting but he will discharge the same wi^^ care and fidelity. And so wee bid you farewell. Given at our Court at Whitehall, the 19*** day of August in the thirteenth year of our reign.'

' By His Matie's command,

Will. Morice.'

Upon receiving this letter Dr. Nicholas gave the vacant stewardship to Richard Harris, a son of the late steward, and then communicated the contents of the King's letter to the rest of the Society. The King wrote again, somewhat peremptorily, and on the Society respectfully declining compliance, (indeed they had no alternative, the office being full), wrote a third letter (May 7, 1682)^ in which he says that finding that Richard Harris was in possession and duly qualified for the post, he (the King) would leave it to their discretion to confirm it to him, 'with assurance that what you shall doe in order to it shall not lessen that good opinion wee have of your readiness to comply with Our reasonable demands upon all occasions' ; thus yielding the point gracefully. The independence of Dr. Nicholas on this occasion deserves to be remembered.

But for the following entry in the accounts, ' Allocat. lanioni pro sevo ob puerorum absentiam tempore exanthematum yji. xiij^ iiij^.,' we should have no means of knowing that the school broke up in 1684, owing to an outbreak of small-pox. A pay> ment in the same year of 125. to widow Austin ' pro purgandis

Warden Nicholas.

371

puerorum cameris ' may contain a similar allusion. The first reference to the small-pox occurs a few years earlier in the shape of a charge for boarding out three commoners * morbo contagioso laborantibus/ Numerous marginal references in the Register of Scholars, such as ' variolis obiit,* 'obiit exanthe- matum lue/ from this period until the introduction of inoculation, show how this disorder affected the death rate. Number 127 of the World, issued in 1755, says ironically : —

*The world is certainly much over peopled. . . . This in- convenience has in a great measure been hitherto removed in a natural way ; one at least in seven dying, to the great ease and con- venience of the survivors ; whereas since inoculation has prevailed, all hopes of thinning our people that way are entirely at an end, not one in Uiree hundred being taken off, to the great incumbrance of Society.*

No reference, however, to inoculation occurs in the accounts, till the year 1774, when it appears that a fee of a guinea was paid for inoculating a chorister named Marsh.

In the year 1689 twelve horse-chesnuts and twelve Dutch elms were bought for £3 and planted in Meads. Two years later, sixty limes, twenty-five firs (kind not stated), and four cypresses, were bought for £5 65. with the like object. All these trees have had their day. The limes and planes which now adorn Meads and the Warden's garden were planted by Warden Lee about the year 1780.

Under custus gardini et pratorum in the Bursars' book of the preceding year I find items of £1 185. for dressing the meadow with potash (ly pot ashes), and of 55. for dressing the Warden's paddock with malt dust (pulvis brasii) : also items of £1 for mowing the meadows; i8s. for carting the hay, as. for treading it ; and 3s. \d. for cheese eaten tempore foenificii.

Samuel Sewall, a native of New England, who visited the old country at this period, notes in his diary for Feb. 25, 1688-9, * View'd Winchester College. The chapel. Library built in the midst of the Green within the Cloisters. Left my Indian Bible and Mr. Mather's letter there *.'

^ I am indebted for this piece of information to Mr. Beedham, of Newtown, North Wales. The bible was a copy of John Eliot's Indian Bible, of the edition (the and) of 1685. It has disappeared from the library since Alchin catalogued it in 1840. ' Mr. Mather ' must be Increase Mather, the President of Harvard College.

B b 2

37^ Annals of Winchester College.

WilKam Somervile, of Wootton in Warwickshire, author of The Chace and other poems, was elected into College in 1690.

An early instance of a ' leave out letter ' may be inserted here. The writer was the third Earl of Castlehaven. * My cousin Billson * was Thomas Bilson, of Petersfield, who was on the foundation at Winchester from 1691 to 1696. It was apparently addressed to Warden Nicholas : —

* Sir,— ' If you would please to grant to my cousin Billson leave to be wi*^ me this day, I will not only be answerable for him, but take itt as a most particular obligation done to me.

Sir, y' very humble servant, ' Sept. ye 21.' Castlehaven.

John Philips, of Bampton, Oxon, who heads the roll of 1691, was a son of the Archdeacon of Salop. According to Johnson {Lives of the Poets) —

'he seldom mingled in play with the other boys, but retired to his chamber, where his sovereign pleasure was to sit, hour after hour, while his hair was combed by somebody whose service he found means to procure.'

In 1694, while a freshman at Christ Church, not more than fifteen years of age, he published The Splendid Shilling, which, in Dr. Johnson's opinion, has the uncommon merit of an original poem. He afterwards wrote Cider in imitation of the Georgics, and was at work on a poem called The Last Day when he died, February 15, 1708-9.

Edward Young, the author of Night Thoughts (adm. 1694), no doubt owed his nomination to the circumstance of his father (adm. 1657), who was Dean of Salisbury, and Chaplain to William and Mary, being a Fellow of Winchester College.

Edward Cobden (adm. 1697) owed his nomination to William III. He was rector of Acton in Middlesex, Canon of Lincoln and St. Paul's, Archdeacon of London, and Chaplain to George II. Having in 1748 preached a sermon at St. James's which gave offence in a high quarter, he was removed from the list of chaplains. He bequeathed a legacy for the benefit of the choristers, and a sum of £400 to found an exhibition from Winchester to Trinity College, Oxford, with a preference to a native of Surrey. The proceeds of this fund are now applicable.

Warden Nicholas.

373

under a statute made by the Governing Body, towards an exhibition to be given to a boy quitting the school for Oxford or Cambridge.

Dr. Cheyney, whose portrait by an artist of the school of Sir Peter Lely hangs in the College Hall, succeeded Dr. Harris as schoolmaster in 1700, and held the post till the time came for Dr. Burton to succeed him. Cheyney was admitted in 1665, and had been a Fellow of the College since 1681. He was also Treasurer of Wells Cathedral, in the close of which his son Thomas (adm. 1708), also a Fellow of Winchester College, and successively Dean of Lincoln and Winchester, was born in

1695-

The following story is told in the Gentleman's Magazine of

John Needs, a scholar of the year 1700, on the authority of a bishop, namely George Lavington, Bishop of Exeter, who was with him in College, and only two years his senior. Needs seems to have had a habit of talking about events to come, and was nicknamed Prophet Needs in consequence. One day he foretold the deaths of the Bishop of Winchester (Peter Mews), Mr. Carman, the senior chaplain at the College, and himself. Mr. Carman died at the predicted time ; but he was a very old man, and his death surprised nobody. The Bishop also died about the predicted time, and that in a singular manner ; for being subject to fainting fits, and falling into one in his study while a friend was by, the friend caught up a bottle of hartshorn which was kept for such emergencies, and in his flurry poured the contents down the Bishop's throat, which caused his death. As to the day and hour of his own death Needs was exactly right ; for he died at the predicted moment, although his friends, in order to deceive him (as thinking his illness the effect of imagination), had put the house clock forward an hour. It was the practice at this period to ring the College bells on the news of any event of importance. The tower was still soimd enough to admit of this being done. And as every pay- ment to the bellringers was put down in the College accounts, we get a series of events in chronological order which the Society thought it necessary to celebrate, e. g. : —

* Bells on October 14, 1686, the Coronation day of James II, 25.6^. : in honorem Principis nuper nati (1688), the infant known in after life as the Pretender, 2s. td, : on the coronation of William and Mary

374 Annals of Winchester College.

(i6go)t ^- ^' * on the King's return from Ireland (after the siege of Limerick in 1690), as. 6d. : for the victory over the French (off Cape la Hogue in 1692), as. 6d. : on the King's coming to Winchester ^ (1693), as. 6d. : tolling for Queen Mary's funeral (1695), is. : bells on the news of the Act of Settlement (1701), as. 6d. : in expeditionem Ormondisianam (the capture of Spanish galleons in Vigo Bay in 1703), as. 6d, : for the victory over the Elector at Blenheim (1704), as. 6d. : for Oudenarde (1708), as. 6d, : ob victoriam imaginariam (1709), as. 6d. : reduction of Mons (Sept. 6, 1709), as. 6d, : victory of Blaregnies or Malplaquet (Sept 11, 1709), as. 6d.*

Charles Jenkinson (adm. 1707), of Charlbury, was third son of Sir Robert Jenkinson, the second Baronet. He left school for Christ Church in 1760, and after graduating there entered the army, and fought as Major of the Blues at Fontenoy. He married Amantha, daughter of Captain Wolfram Comewall, R.N., of Winchester (grandfather of Speaker Comewall), and had by her Charles, afterwards first Earl of Liverpool, Prime Minister 1812-27.

In 1710 four Indian chiefs, Hennick Te je nen ho ga zow, Brant Sa ge ja qua zaugh ton, John One jeh ta no zong, and Nicholas Eta wa com, visited the College, and were no doubt shown the Indian Bible mentioned above. They gave a piece of gold on leaving, which was spent in buying a copy of Basnage's History 0/ the JewsK

The relations between Dr. Nicholas and the Fellows became strained towards the close of his life. In 1708 he was guilty of the blunder of filling up a fellowship at twenty-four hours* notice, with only two of the nine Fellows present. The re- maining seven remonstrated ; but the Bishop of Winchester expressed a wish that the election should be suffered to stand, and they acquiesced. The Warden, however, had to give a written undertaking to Bishop Trelawney that fourteen days' notice of election should always be given in future. His perquisites, too, were excessive; and from De- cember, 1709, to the election of 171 1, the Society was all in a foam, in consequence of efforts on the part of the Sub- Warden and Bursars to cut them down and reduce the expenditure in

' It does not appear that he visited the College.

' Who discusses (,Bk. vii. ch. 33) the question whether the Lost Tribes people a certain portion of America.

Warden Nicholas.

375

other quarters. It must be confessed that there was a great deal of waste and extravagance at this period, especially in the article of beer, while the scholars were neglected. The following * Table of the beer brewed yearly in Winchester College, with the cost thereof, and how the same is spent,' is taken from the I^iber Actorum for 1709 : —

* There are brewed yearly in Winchester College about Sao hhds. * of small beer, the value whereof at the rate of las. 3df. each hhd. doth amount communibus annis to about ;^5oa

* The 820 hhds. brewed yearly are consumed after the following manner: —

HOCSMBADg.

By Mr. Warden

By the Schoolmaster and Fellows who may be reckoned constantly resident (the absent Fellows having no beer allowed), and the usher, what they call for, which in the largest demand cannot be reckoned at more than 9 hhds. yearly each, which is in all about

By the chaplains, each 70 quarts weekly, which is yearly about 15 hhds., and is in all .

By the 70 children and 16 choristers at the rate of 3 pints per diem each (which is more than they are ob- served to drink), 2 hhds. 6 gals, yearly, and is in all .

By the 15 servants, each 21 quarts weekly, which is 4^ hhds. yearly each, and in all

By the poor and prisoners who are allowed 5 gallons every day, about half a hhd. weekly, and yearly

By strangers, tenants, carters, workmen, and others, an uncertain quantity, but what cannot be thought to exceed yearly

Total . . . •

70

63 45

180 68

26

20

47a

* Wherefore the remainder of the 820 hhds. brewed yearly, viz. 348 hhds. are consumed in a way not to be accounted for.

' To remedy which abuse it is proposed to allow each person the following proportion of beer, the value of all which, or of any part if not spent, he mayjeceive of the Bursars in money after the rate of ^d, per gallon, or 105. the hhd.

* The proportions of beer to be allowed, with the weekly and yearly amount of them : —

* To Mr. Warden for himself, i hhd. weekly, which doth amount yearly to 52 hhds., and for his three statut-

* Of sixty gallons each.

37^ Annals of Winchester College,

able servants, 6 gals, each weekly, which doth amount yearly 67

To the schoolmaster, 10 Fellows, and 3 chaplains and usher, 15 gals, weekly to each, which doth amount to 13 hhds. yearly 195

To the children and choristers what they shall call for within a fitting quantity, and may be computed at about 180

To the 15 College servants 6 gals, to each weekly, which is yearly 5 hhds. and la gals, to each, and is in all 78

To the Almoner and 3 scullions, each 14 qts. weekly, which is 3 hhds. and 16 gals, yearly to each, and is in all 13

To the poor and prisoners as formerly .... a6

To strangers, tenants, workmen, &c ao

Total .... 579

Wherefore besides the particular advantage arising to the Fellows and other persons, there will be yearly saved to the House 240 hhds. of beer, which at 12s. 3</. per hhd. doth amount to £i\i yearly.'

This scheme was adopted after a little opposition on the part of Dr. Nicholas, who was perhaps too old to approve of changes *. The Sub- Warden (Archdeacon Brideoake) and Bursars having thus reduced the consumption of beer, at- tacked the Warden's allowances for diet, which they resolved should for the future be after the proportion of four Fellows, and no more'. Nicholas appealed to the Bishop of Win- chester (Trelawney). He cited Brideoake to appear at Chelsea upon the 2nd of July, 171 1. The archdeacon appeared,

^ The following agreement with the College brewer made in 1753 may be in- serted here : —

* The College to find malt, hops, vessels, cooperage and repairs.

The brewer to find fuel and labour and have all yeast, grains, grounds of beer, and 305. in money for every brewlock of ao hhds.

Price of coal rising above io\d, per bushel to be considered in the wages.

If the wheel supplying water be out of order, the College to pay for cany- ing water to the brewhouse.

If the College mill should cease to work, a malt mill to be set up in the brewhouse, or &/. per quarter to be allowed for grinding the malt.'

' Case of the Sub- Warden and Bursars, Appendix XV.

Warden Nicholas. 377

and submitted to the Bishop as ordinary, but protested against him as Visitor. The Bishop was of opinion that he possessed the requisite visitatorial power. Brideoake appealed to the Court of Arches, but could not get his appeal received for want of evidence that any appeals had been brought by the College against the Bishop, owing to the records of the Court of Arches before the year 1666 having been consumed in the fire of London. The Lord Keeper would give him no relief, and he could not move for a prohibition in a court of law to stay the Bishop's proceedings, owing to the time being the long vacation ; so that upon the 25th of August, 1711, the arch- deacon was suspended, and two days later expelled from his Fellowship, which was given to Dr. Fletcher, the usher. In Michaelmas Term the archdeacon brought an action in the Queen's Bench against Dr. Fletcher for the profits of his Fel- lowship, in which the question to be decided was, whether the Bishop of Winchester possessed any local and final visitatorial power over the Society such as would justify him in expelling a member for the offence of denying his jurisdiction. Owing perhaps to the death of Warden Nicholas, an event which happened in February, 171 1-2, a compromise was arrived at. Dr. Fletcher surrendering the Fellowship, and the College paying some costs which had been incurred in the Arches Court and in Chancery, where Sir Nathan Lloyd, Dr. Penfold, Serjeant Hooper, and Serjeant Pratt, afterwards Chief Justice, were the Counsel engaged *. The question is no longer of any importance, inasmuch as the Bishop of Winchester is appointed Visitor of Winchester College by the statutes now in force. Wykeham, however, did not appoint the Bishop of Winchester to visit the College at Winchester, because he had conferred ample visitatorial powers upon the Warden and Fellows of New College. But that he expected the Bishop of Winchester to exercise the ordinary visitatorial power which the diocesan has over all spiritual persons within his diocese seems clear from Rubric III, which enjoins that any disorder which the electors may discover within the College shall be reported to the diocesan forthwith. See, too, Rubrics VI and XXII as to

* Their fees amounted to £76 115. 6d. The Proctors* bill in the Arches Court was £67 55.

37^ Annals of Wtnchester College.

presentiiig a new Warden to the Bishop, and the power of the latter to remove offending members of the Society. On the other hand, at New College, Wykeham not only appointed the Bishop of Winchester sole and final Visitor, but also obtained a bull, exempting it from the jurisdiction of legates, arch- bishops, ftc« But for this bull, the Bishop of Lincoln, in whose diocese Oxford then was, might have visited New College as diocesan. In opposition to Bishop Trelawneys claim to be final visitor of Winchester College, the Sub- Warden and Bursals produced evidence of ten episcopal visitations held in Win- chester College by the Bishop of Winchester as ordinary \ and of seven archiepiscopal visitations*, three whereof (namely, by Cranmer in 1535, Bancroft in 1607, and Laud in 1635) were held when the See of Winchester was full, which would not have been possible if the Bishops of Winchester had been sole Visitors of Winchester College. Upon the whole, there can be no doubt that Bishop Trelawney attempted to exercise a power which he did not possess. A similar attempt on the part of Bishop Home in 1568 seems to have failed, but the facts are not recorded. The following entry in the accounts of that year contains the only allusion to it : —

' Item in expensis in quadam causa controversiae pendente a xxix*^<> die mensis Aprilis usque ad xxvii"^<™ diem mensis Maii, 1568, inter Coll. et dm Epum Wynton. extendentem jurisdictionem suam Episcopalem ultra limltes statutonim et immunitates antiquitus donatas CoUegio, ut patet per billas particulares, indexij^ iij^ iij^/

The agitation had one good result. It secured a permanent improvement of the Scholars' Commons, which is explained in the following paper which the Sub- Warden and Bursars issued :—

1433 Beaufort. 1449 Wayneflete.

1479 i»

1487 Courtenay.

1497 Langton.

1405 Arundel.

1500 Prior and Chapter of

Canterbury.

1598 Warham.

1517 Fox. 1536 „ 1531 Gardiner. 1561 Home.

1570 ., 1531 Warham.

1535 Cranmer.

1607 Bancroft

1635 Laud.

Warden Nicholas. 379

AN ACCOUNT

Of such Alterations as have been lately made in the Commons of the Scholars of Winchester College.

The Sub- Warden and Bursars of Winchester College having, out of their tender Care for the Scholars there, with the free Consent of the Fellows, lately amended and enlarged the Commons of the Scholars ; and there having been some Arts used to make it believed, that the Scholars receive no Benefit by those Amendments and Additions : It is therefore thought proper, in Vindication of the Honour of that Society, to give this Accoimt of them.

(for tabus, see next page.)

It is manifest from this Table, that the Commons of the Scholars are not only better ordered, but enlarged to the value of 2f</. to each Scholar, the Cost whereof to the College for 86 Scholars and Choristers doth amount Weekly to about aos. besides the additional Charge of Fuel.

It is moreover manifest, that the Commons of the Scholars are much better than those allowed to the Fellows at New College, under the Degree of Masters, where there are no Breakfasts, and the Com- mons less in value by i^. each Week,

There is a farther Amendment and Enlargement of the Scholars' Commons, by making the same Provision for them upon Vigilsj Rogation Days, Ember Days, and the Eves of Gaudies (when they were used to have nothing allowed for Supper) as at other times. The Cost of which Amendment, tho' in some measure born by what is sav'd from the Commons upon Gaudies (which are now made equal only to those on Sundays) doth however amount to a Considerable Sum.

There is also a farther Improvement made of the Scholars Commons, by allowing them the same sort of Diet in Lent as at other times ; by which Alteration, tho' there is little or no Charge added to the College, the Cost of the Lent Diet (with those Additions which were lately made to it by Dr. Harris, who gave aoo/. for that Use) being nearly equal to the present Cost in Flesh ; yet there is great Benefit arising to the Scholars thereby : For, a certain Officer among them, nominated by the Warden, is known to have made a very undue Advantage to himself of 10/. or 15A yearly, by Buying of the Scholars such sorts of Lent Diet as they did not like, at an Under-rate, by which abuse the Scholars* Commons were found to be much worse in Lent than at other times.

The Bread allowed the Scholars is the same as formerly, viz, the Quantity of near half a Pound of good Wheaten Bread at every Meal.

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Warden Nicholas.

381

The Beer allowed the Scholars is such a certain quantity to each Table, at every Meal ; which is after the rate of something more than a Pint to each Scholar at Dinner, and at Supper, and something less than a Pint to him at Breakfast, besides Beavor-Beer after Dinners and Suppers in Summer-time. The College found it necessary, in order to hinder the great waste which the Scholars made of Beer (even to the value of some Hogsheads Weekly, above what was needful for them) to order them a fixt quantity. And the House did kindly intend to have it divided equally among the Scholars, by giving each of them a separate quantity in a Copper Pot* by itself, which was provided for that Purpose; but the Scholars shewing an unbecoming dislike of this Provision, they have a certain quantity set down at every Meal, which they are to share among themselves, as they can agree.

These Alterations, so much for the real Benefit and Comfort of the Scholars, and for the Ease of their Relations, had been some time since made, and would not be now so industriously Misrepresented as they are, if the Warden had not, for some private Reasons, constantly opposed these, as well as all other Alterations, and did not now endeavour, for the same Reasons, to make them be thought of less Advantage to the Scholars than they really are.

These commons were further improved in 1765. 'course of beef after that year was : —

The

Monday

40 lbs. boiled.

Tuesday .

n »

Wednesday .

»> f>

Thursday

M l>

Friday .

None.

Saturday

M

Sunday .

30 lbs. roast.

When Wednesday was a fast or vigil, and on Wednesdays in Ember Weeks, the beef was stopped, and the following pudding, costing 65., was substituted

Flour Bread Raisins . Currants

Eggs (15) Spice Milk Suet

M

1 peck. 8 loaves, albs.

2 lbs 2a.

\ oz. 6 quarts. 6 lbs.

10^

* Seventy ' pocula de cupro fabricata in usum puerorum ' cost {fi 155.

38a

AnncUs of Winchester College.

Of mutton, twenty-four messes, equal to seventy-two commons or dispers ^ were provided daily. The average weight of a sheep at that period was fifty pounds — ^it had increased to that from forty pounds a century earlier — and it was supposed to cut up into fifty dispers, thus : —

Each leg n loin „ shoulder „ breast . „ neck

8 dispers.

4 6

4

19

At this rate, about a sheep and a half daily was the scholars' allowance; but this was exceeded in practice, for it appears that as many as 630 sheep yearly — nearly two daily if we allow for holidays — were served to the scholars yearly. The bread was reckoned by loaves of ten ounces. A 'cast ' of two loaves weighed twenty ounces, and fifty-five cast went to the bushel. The weekly allowance in 1765 was as follows : —

LOAVES.

Seventy children 735*

Sixteen choristers 14B

Children's second bread 60

Prefect of Hall 7

„ of tub 7

Bible Clerk 7

Prefect of school 3

Brewer 6

Kitchen ; . 35

Almoner 14

Schoolmaster and usher 58

1080

Returning to the year 1711, I find the following account of fees in College and Commoners in a MS. of Warden Nicholas : —

^ Either from dispertio, ' I divide/ or dispar, ' unequal.' ' Nearly a pound daily. Rather more, if absentees and ' second bread/ &c. be taken into account.

Warden Nicholas.

' Fees from a child at his first entrance : —

s. (L

Ye Prepostor of Hall 26

Ye Prepostor of School 26

Chamberstock ^ a 6

Ye two Cooks a o

Ye two Butlers (bread and beer) . . . a o

Ye Porter 10

Ye Barber 16

Ye Superannuates a 6

383

16 6

Quarterly.

Ye bedmaker 10

Ye almoner 10

School and foricus 03

2 2

After Christmas : —

Cause money • 06

Church money ' 02

After Whitsuntide : —

Rod money 10

Nutting money* 09

Window money 06

N.B. — New children pay double fees.

Fees from a new Praepostor : — Ye two butlers

3 6

' It will be remembered that the College found no furniture except bedsteads.

* For mending the causeway from Blackbridge towards Hills. Dr. Burton spent ^60 in making the one from College Street to Non licet gate in 1730.

' To the Cathedral Clerks for keeping the boys' places for them when they attended service there.

* Perhaps for a picnic in nutting time. ' It appears/ says Hone {Every Day Book, p. 1293), * from a curious manuscript relating to Eton School, that in the month of September on a certain day, most probably the fourteenth, the scholars there used to have a play-day in order to go out and gather nuts, a portion of which when they returned they were to make presents of to the different masters ; but before leave was granted for this excursion, they were required to write verses on the fruitfulness of autumn and the deadly cold of the coming winter.*

384 Annals of Winchester CoUege,

Fees from a new Officer : —

5. </. Ye Warden's man 26

Ye manciple a 6

Ye two cooks 50

Ye two butlers 50

Ye three scullions ..30

Ye almoner 10

Ye table chorister * 10

Fees from a Commoner at his first entrance : —

Ye Praepostor of Hall 26

Ye Praepostor of School a 6

Chamberstock .......10

6 o

Quarterly.

Quarterage 16

School and foricus o a

I 8

Upon changing chambers 10

After Michaelmas : —

Fire money 10

Chamberstock 10

Candle money 10

3 o

After Christmas : —

Cause money 10

Fire money 10

Church money o a

Candle money 10

3 2

After Whitsuntide :— """*

Rod money 10

Nutting money 16

Window money 06

3 o

New commoners and noblemen pay double fees.'

^ The chorister who waited on the new officer.

CHAPTER XXIII.

Wardens Brathwaite (1711-1720): Cobb (1720-1724):

DoBsoN (1724-1729): Bigg (1729-1740):

Coxed (1740-1757).

Free school charity.— Bishop Fletcher. — Christopher Pitt— Joseph Spence. — Richard Lydiat — Warden and Fellows presented for disaffection. — Com- plaint by Secretary Craggs. — The Warden's answer. — Attendance at Cathedral. — Dr. John Taylor. — His benefactions. — Cathedral choristers. — Charles Dibdin. — Bishop Lowth. — ^William Sclater. — Dr. Burton. — Fox and Burton Exhibitions. — Superannuates' Fund. — Eyre the Usher. — Peter Leigh. — ^William Whitehead. — Sir Richard Aston. — Doctor Addington. — Charles Blackstone. — ^James Hampton. — The poet Collins. — Fire in Third Chamber. — Insurance in Sun Office. — Hanover Rats. — Chandler the anti- quary.— Bishop Bathurst. — ^Warden Gauntlett

Dr. Thomas Brathwaite, the Warden of New College, suc- ceeded Nicholas. His merits are recorded on a tablet in Cloisters which his sister, Warden Dobson's mother, erected to his memory after his death in 1720.

Under distributio pauperibus in the accounts of 1712, I find a gift of £5 * scholae eleemosynariae.' This is the first of a long series of similar gifts to the' Free School Charity, a trust for clothing and educating poor boys and girls of Winchester. The fund originally raised for this purpose, chiefly in the College, was invested in South Sea bonds, which were placed in the Treasury for the sake of safety. And so it came to pass that when South Sea bonds were converted into consols, the stock was registered in the name of the College. The fund now exceeds £4000 consols, the interest on which, under a recent scheme of the Charity Commissioners, was applied in paying the school fees for a number of poor children of both sexes at the Central schools until school fees were abolished by the Act of 1891, and in providing the most deserving with clothes, boots, &c.

c c

L

386 Annals of Winchester College.

Thomas Fletcher (adm. 1713), a native of Winchester, rose to be Bishop of Dromore (1744) and Kildare (1748); Christopher Pitt (adm. 1713), of Blandford, was the translator of \\\^Aeneid^ and ranks among the minor poets of the last century. Joseph Spence (adm. 17 15) was Professor of Modem History in the University of Oxford, and is known to fame as the friend of Pope and Thomson. Richard Lydiat (adm. 1716) was vicar of SwalclifTe and rector of Berwick St. John, and died, as Monk Lewis did according to the authors of the 'Rejected Addresses,* of James's powder taken in a fit of the gout.

After the rebellion of 1715, the generosi de patrtd of Hamp- shire seem to have got a notion into their heads that the Society were Jacobites ; and at the assizes on March 6, 1 716-7, the grand jury actually presented the College for disaffection, I suppose with the object of evincing their own loyalty : —

' It being notorious that the late Unnaturall Rebellion and p'sent threatened Invasion are the Effects of Pjudice and bad Educacon, and that not so much as the least Shaddow of grievance or ground of Complaint was ever alledged against our most Gracious Sovereign or his Administracon by the first Contrivers and Promoters of either.

* We therefore, considering that it is the duty as well as Interest of all such who p'fer the mild Government of his Majesty before Arbitrary power and Slavery to check as much as in them lyes those Principles in the bud which are found by experience to grow up into such open Violence, and which cunning and designing Men do industriously propagate among our Youth to the great Corruption of their Manners, and the manifest disturbance of the public peace : and being credibly informed that the ScoUars of that noble Founda- tion commonly called Winchester Colledge are now taught to emulate each other in factious and party Principles by being told they are to be distinguished and preferred according to their sevprall degrees of Zeall, and they do frequently treat most as are known to be weU affected to the King's Government with opprobrious language and illusage (particularly several Justices of the Peace), with impunity from their Masters and Governours,

'From whence it is naturall to inferr that their said Masters and Governours are also inclined to Faction and disaffection :— We therefore do p*sent the Warden, Fellows, Master, Usher and Children of the said College for their known disaffection and corruption of Manners, tending to the disturbance of the public peace, and against the honour and dignity of the Crown,

Warden Brathwatte. 387

J. Bromfield Edward Hooker

(Sir) John St. Barbe l Chidiock Kent

(Sir) D. Bulkley Dutton Gilford

(Sir) Chas. Norton Hen. Grey

(Sir) Thomas Davies Will. Moss

Christopher Wither \ Tho. Smith

Roger Clutterbuck i Gil. Wavell

W. Cornwall Edw. Rookes.'

Nothing came of this presentment. The Society had suffi- ciently established their character for loyalty in 171 1 by sub- scribing £500 towards a loan of £1,500,000 to enable the Ministers to carry on the war. The sympathies of the school, however, were with the Chevalier ; and Secretary Craggs appears to have attached so much importance to an idle tale of something that happened at the Cathedral one Sunday, as to write the following letter to Warden Brathwaite : —

* Whitehall, 12th August, 1718. 'Sir,

'Having received an account from persons of undoubted credit, that on the last anniversary day of His Majesty's accession to the Crown ^ many of the youths at Winchester School, and particu- larly those upon the Foundation, came into the Church in the middle of Divine Service in a very extraordinary and indecent manner with Rue and Time (sic) in their Breasts, and some with mourning hat- bands on their hats, by which it appears that these poor children, instead of being taught their Book, and instructed in the principles of the Church of England, have learnt somewhere to concern them- selves in disloyal party divisions and distinctions. I give you this notice of it, that you may direct them to be whipt, and take care that no Enormity of this kind may be committed there for the future. I make no doubt of your diligence in this, as being a matter that nearly concerns the Honour of your College, and in which you will have an opportunity of shewing your zeal for His Majesty's Government. *

In his reply the Warden says : —

' I beg leave to relate the story as far as I can learn it. On the first of August we had the full form of prayer in our chapel ; and when we have, the boys do not go to the Cathedral till towards crmon time : which they did then, but in no extraordinary or ndecent manner. There were seven or eight of them, little boys, »ad rue and time {sic) in their hats, for which they wete punished iy the master, according to the method in the school \ None of the

^ August I. ' The 'vimcn quadripartitum ' doubtless.

C C 2

388 Annals of Wittchester College.

upper boys, or praepositors, as we call them, had any. I cannot find that above three or four had mourning hatbands, and that occasioned by the late death of relations; and besides them, I believe that there is not a mouraing hatband in the College. I am very well informed they that were whipt knew it not to be a party badge.'

It is clear from the Warden's letter that at the time at which he wrote the school was in the habit of attending morning service at the Cathedral on Sunda3rs, coming in, however, for the sermon only on days when they had had the ' full form of prayer,' i. e. Morning Prayer, Litany, and Communion, in their own chapel. At what period in its history the school began to attend divine worship in the Cathedral, which owes so much of its stability and grandeur to William of Wykeham, is uncer- tain. It is not at all likely that the habit began before the Reformation ; it is far more probable that it commenced after- wards, perhaps in consequence of the Fourth Injunction of Edward VI, touching the hearing of sermons. There is nothing in the Statutes requiring the Fellows to preach sermons, and the Fellows may have thought it more convenient to send the school to hear sermons in the Cathedral than to preach sermons in chapel themselves. In Jonson's time there was occasionally a sermon on Sundays in the College chapel, and the scholars were expected to take notes of it : —

'Si lux Solis adest, et Templum concio sacrat. Scribe notas, scriptasque tuo committe libello.'

The Fellows had a pew of their own, with a lock and key to the door of it, in the Cathedral at one time. ' Pro sertl ad subsellium sociorum in eccl. Cath. Wynton. iij" iiij^ * occurs in the accounts of 1607. The scholars, we may be sure, had sittings there too at that period. The afternoon attendance at the Cathedral was abolished by Warden Barter, who introduced a sermon, frequently preached by himself, before Evensong in Chapel. In the last quarter of 1890 the Sunday morning attendance at the Cathedral was abolished, and a special afternoon service there on the second Sunday in the month was established by permission of the Dean and Chapter,

The Rev. John Taylor (adm. 171 7) was a Fellow of Win- chester College. There is a portrait of him, and another of his

Warden Cobb.

389

Widow, in the College Hall. His enlarging Sickhouse has been referred to\ He made his will in 1753, which, with twenty-three codicils, was proved in 1777. Sir William Black- stone drew it from the testator's own instructions without the intervention of a solicitor. Writing to him from All Souls', October 27, 1752, for the necessary particulars. Sir William says: —

* If you favour me with an answer by return of post I will contrive to have all matters ready by Dr. Shipman's return to Winchester ; but must beg to be excused from complying with your request in one particular, as we of the long robe have a kind of professional delicacy that prevents us from setting a price upon our labours/

Dr. Taylor's benefactions were numerous, and his will was not litigated. He endowed the parish school at his native place, Petworth in Sussex, and bequeathed £400 to the Super- annuates' Fund. The residue of his property he left to the College for the improvement of the scholars' commons. The Society- accepted the trust, and spent -the income in various ways for the benefit of the scholars, enlarging their diet, paying their bedmakers, providing faggots extraordinary in chambers, and coals for warming 'School,' which hitherto had been fireless.

The 'superannuates' books,* for scholars on leaving, are bought out of the income of Dr. Taylor's residue. A monu- ment was erected in Cloisters to Dr. Taylor in the year 1836.

Dr. John Cobb, Brathwaite's successor, was a younger son of Sir Thomas Cobb, the first baronet, and brother of Sir Edward Cobb (adm. 1687) of Adderbury.

Under cusius capettae in 1720 I find a fee of 35. to cathedral choristers. This is the first reference to a practice which began then and continued until a period which many remember, of re- inforcing the College choir in this way on Commemoration Day and other occasions. From the year 1778 to 1840 a fixed yearly payment of £8 85. was made for these services. There is a tradition that Dibdin sang as a boy in the College choir. He never was a chorister on the foundation ; but he tells us in is autobiography that he was a choir boy at the Cathedral ; nd as he possessed a fine voice, he may very well have formed ne of the contingent to the College.

* Ante, p. 326.

u

390 Annals of IVifichester College.

Robert Lowth (adm. 1722) was son of William Lowth, a divine and Prebendary of Winchester Cathedral. After graduating at New College, he became, in 1740, Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford. In 1 753 he published a Life of Wykduun, which was evidently a labour of love. A small bust of Wyke- ham which he gave to the College is preserved in the Bursary. In 1766 he was raised to the See of St David's, and a few months later was translated to Norwich. In 1767 he became Bishop of London, and filled that see till his death in 1777.

William Sclater (adm. 1722), of Leighton in Essex, became Vicar of St. Mary-le-Bow, and met his death in a remarkable manner, being killed on the spot, on February 11, 1775, by the fall of a sack of carraway seeds, which was being hoisted up to a warehouse in Thames Street as he was passing underneath.

Under custus atdae in 1723 I find an entry of 35. 4//. paid 'pro ly decanter' — the first allusion to the article which Dr. Johnson defines as ' a glass vessel made for pouring off liquor clear from the lees.'

Dr. Dobson succeeded Warden Cobb about the same time that Dr. Burton succeeded Cheyney the schoolmaster, who died in harness on October 4, 1724, aged 72. Dr. Burton was a son of Humphrey Burton, a country gentleman settled at Keresley in Warwickshire, and entered College in 1705 as Founder's kin through his mother, who was a Bohun. He reigned forty-two years, and retired in 1766, when he was in his seventy-sixth year. He has been spoken of already as the founder of ' Old Commoners V 2ind must be referred to here as the founder, jointly with his kinsman, Bohun Fox, of the Fox and Burton exhibitions, tenable each for four years afler leaving the school, and of the yearly value of £30.

The Superannuates' Fund was instituted in the year 1729 by Warden Dobson and Christopher Eyre, the usher, with an object which is disclosed by the first few sentences of the sub- joined circular and subscription list. By the statutes of the Governing Body of Winchester School this fund and the Bedminster Fund, which was established in the year 1742, have been consolidated into one Exhibition Fund, which is to be applied (i) to the creation of exhibitions to be given to boys quitting the school, under such conditions as the Governing

* AntCf p. 132.

'?-ww^y:^

Warden Dobson. 391

Body may from time to time determine. These exhibitions are at present four in number, of the yearly value of £50 each, and tenable for four years. These exhibitions are limited to pur- poses of preparation for. a profession, but it is not to be a necessary condition that the holder shall proceed to an University.

(2) To the grant of such exhibitions, not exceeding two to be holden together at one time, and of such value not exceeding £70 per annum, as the Governing Body may from time to time determine, to boys who may be recommended for admission into the school as exhibitioners by the delegates or syndics appointed for local examinations by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge respectively, subject to certain conditions as to age, coming into residence, and so forth.

The following is the circular and subscription list already referred to, with the addition of names of subscribers of a later date : —

* Whereas the benefit of succession to New College (ample as it is) cannot in its own nature be sufficient to provide for all the scholars who have been educated in the College of Winchester, and have spent the whole time prescribed by the statutes for their continuance therein ; and as it may be reasonably hoped that a greater number of deserving boys will be always found in Winchester College than can be received into New College : therefore, as well for the farther encouragement of the studies and good behaviour of the children, as for the better support and maintenance in the University of such in particular who shall be thought most to need and best to deserve assistance; we, whose names are underwritten do subscribe and promise to contribute yearly the sums set against our respective names : —

John Dobson, Warden 10 o o

John Burton, Informator 10 o o

Samuel Palmer, Fellow 2 10 o

John Harris „ 2 10 o

William Thomas „ 2 10 o

Charles Scott „ * 2 10 o

Thomas Cheyney „ 2 10 o

John Backshell ■ „ 2 10 o

Philip Barton „ 2 10 o

William Langbaine „ 2 10 o

William Bowles „ 2 10 o

Thomas Palmer „ 2 lo o

39 a

Annals of Winchester College,

Christopher Eyre .

George Cooper, M.D. (sch. 1709)

Dr. Adams (sch. 1690) .

Two gentlemen unknown

W. Pescod, Steward (sch. 1703)

Dr. W. Bradshaw, Bp. of Bristol (sch. 1689), a donation

Francis Haywood, do. .

Samuel Palmer (sch. 1708), do.

1730 Christopher Eyre, do.

Thomas Beach \ Esq. do. .

Thomas Greenby, Esq. do. .

Thomas Coker (sch. 1720). do.

Henshaw Halsey (sch. 1692), do

Richard Lydiat, C. F. (sch. 1716), do.

Edward Trotman, do.

Henry Bigg, Warden, do.

Henry Coker, C. F. (sch. 1726), do

Richard Goddard (sch. 1741), do 1762. Charles Scott, 2nd don. 17^ W. Bouchier

„ W. Langbaine, 2nd don. 1764. John Cary (sch. 1712) .

„ Dr. John Taylor . 1769. Joseph Spence (sch. 1715) 1772. Dr. John Taylor, 2nd don. 1776. W. Browne, Rector of Hinton Ampner 1781. Cadwallader Coker (sch. 1772) 1789. Harry Lee, Warden .

George Cooper, M.D. (sch. 1709)

Philip Baxter ....

1731

1734.

1735-

1737- 1740.

1749- 1759-

£ 5

3

2

3

2

52

5a 100

50 50

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One of the first acts of the Society after Dr. Burton's appoint- ment was to pass a resolution : —

* That either Dr. Burton or Mr. Eyre shall constantly reside in the College, dividing the time equally between them, so long as Mr. Eyre continues usher ; and upon choice of a new usher the residence shall be apportioned between them in such manner as the Warden and Society shall appoint. And that they frequently attend the children at meals.'

Eyre had been usher a great many years, when he retired, Dec. 18, 1739, under the following circumstances. One of the class of talebearers deprecated in Wykeham's statutes told him

' Qy. father of James Beach, a commoner, who has a tablet in Cloisters.

Warden Dobson.

393

that Dr. Burton had said ' that the scholars at the usher's end of the School do not make due progress in their learning/ This tale moved Eyre to address a written gravamen to the Warden and Fellows. Dr. Burton, it seems, had put on an assistant-master (a Mr. Ashley), which act of Dr. Burton, as well as his unlucky criticism on Eyre's class, led to what followed. It had been mutually agreed (Eyre says) that on Thursday, October 4, the usher should ride out and return to dinner, and that the schoolmaster should stay indoors, give a ' remedy ' and look after the boys. Eyre had his ride, and on returning to dinner found (he says) that no remedy had been given, and that a Mr. Ashley had been introduced to a ' sect * newly erected in the school, without the usher's consent or knowledge. On the Saturday following. Eyre adds, 'two more commoners, Saul and Smith, were taken from the usher's end of the School and sent to Ashley's,' and when, after 'calling of names,' the usher missed them in the School, and went to Mr. Ashley's to fetch them, on his return he was insulted by the boys stamping downstairs Mn Mr. Ashley's hearing. Again, in 3rd and 4th chambers, when, as was usual on remedy days, he was ' requiring the business,' he was by some disturbed, crying out ' Preces Finitae ' before they were. Add to these other af&onts and evasions of business' the boys pretending to be answerable to Ashley, not to the Usher, This unhandsome treatment, together with the above-mentioned aspersion, made it necessary for the usher to complain of the schoolmaster : —

' Therefore, Gentlemen, I must complain, and beg leave to address you in the following queries. First, Have I not a right to the chambers in the College, assigned to me by the Founder, but possessed by Dr. Burton without any leave ever asked? .... Secondly, Did I receive my usher's authority from the Warden and Fellows, or from the schoolmaster? If, as I conceive, I did from the former, is not the instruction of the commoners belonging to the lower side of the school as much the right of the usher, as of the upper end is of the schoolmaster ? And is not the schoolmaster injurious to the usher, when he takes from him his proportion of commoners, whom he hopes he is as able to teach, as he is the children and choristers ? '

' Mr. Ashley's class-room, therefore, must have been upstairs, probably over Fifth Chamber.

' The day's work, as at Eton, where ^Monday's business' means the work appropriate to that day.

If'*'-

r«

394 Annals of Winchester College.

Dr. Burton's reply was short and temperate, and need not be quoted here. Eyre resigned. Let us not forget the part which he took, in generous rivalry with the co-founders of the Fox and Burton exhibitions, in establishing the Superannuates' Fund.

Peter Leigh (adm. 1727), of Winstanley in Lancashire, was High Bailiff of Westminster, and then Chief Justice of South Carolina. His contemporary, William Whitehead, succeeded Cibber in 1757 as Poet Laureate. Sir Richard Aston, Knt., a Justice of the King's Bench (1765-78), was a scholar of the year 1728. Antony Addington, a contemporary of his, graduated M.D. at Trinity College, Oxford, in 1744, and practised medicine. His son, Viscount Sidmouth, the ' Doctor ' of Can- ning and Frere, Bishop Huntingford's patron, was Speaker of the House of Commons, and Prime Minister of the stopgap administration of 1801-4. Charles Blackstone (adm. 1730) was brother to Sir William Blackstone, and nephew of Warden Bigg, and held a fellowship at Winchester, which he resigned in favour of his son Charles in 1783, but was elected again in 1788 as a recognition of his services to the Society in compiling his MS. Book of Benefactions. James Hampton, the translator of Polybius, was admitted in 1733. Collins the poet was head of the roll 'ad Oxon.' in 1740, but there was no vacancy at New College, a fact which, according to Dr. Johnson in his Lives of the Poets, was the original misfortune of his unhappy life.

A fire began in Third Chamber and spread to Fourth on March 24, 1735-6. Its origin is unknown. The cost of putting it out seems to have exceeded the cost of making good the damage \ The College was invaded by a horde of hungry citizens on this occasion, as it was on November 10, 1816, when the fire broke out in First Chamber. No fewer than two hundred and fifty-seven people received small sums, amounting to £42 6s,, on the latter occasion, on the plea of having helped to put out the fire. The fire of 1735-6 had two results. The build-

£ 5. d.

^ Laborantibus in extinguendo incendio . . . 44 la i

Beer, brandy, bread and cheese 731

Mending 7a leatliem buckets 3 '3 o

Laurence, mason lo 4 9

Mayle, carpenter, repairing the ceilings . . . 14 9 o

Broadway, painting Third and Fourth Chambers . i 16 o

Wardens Bigg and Coxed.

395

mgs were insured in the Sun Fire Office, and Dr. Burton made the Society a present of a fire engine. It cost £40. One Elcock had the care of it for many years, and received a small fee yearly 'pro incurid machinae/ as the Bursars of 1737 face- tiously say. The premium paid to the Sun — 'societas a sole dicta ad levamen incendium passorum instituta ' — in 17 16 was £1 165. What sum was thereby covered does not appear. For many years after the first the premium was £2 35. In 1783 a new policy covering £5000 (as we know from the cir- cumstance of the Government duty at 15. 6d, per cent, amount- ing to £3 155.) was taken out. The premium was £7, about 25. 9^. per cent.| and the office charge for the policy and carnage was 14s. 6d. A similar insurance could now be effected at 15. 6d, per cent, free of office charges.

Warden Dobson's successor, Dr. Henry Bigg, of Chilton Foliat in Wiltshire, died in 1740, after a career of eleven years, in which he attempted, but without success, to induce the Fellows, then mainly non-resident, to join with him in various reforms on the broad ground that he and they were dividing a larger share of the income of the foundation than the statutes permitted. Warden Nicholas had taken the same ground in a ' querela * which he addressed to the supervisors at the election of 1 71 1, while the dispute with the Sub- Warden and Bursars was pending. The career of Dr. Coxed, Bigg's successor, was even more uneventful. The Bursars' books become uninterest- ing about this period through giving totals only without particulars, and seldom contain an entry worth quoting. I find in the accounts of 1740 an item of poison bought ' pro intoxican- dis soricibus Hanoverianis,' illustrating the popular belief that the brown rat ousted the English black rat at the time when the Hanoverian superseded the Stuart dynasty. The Society were loyal enough to subscribe £25 to the fund ' pro rege et repub- lica,' or Patriotic Fund, during the ' Forty-five,' and rang the bells for the success of Admiral Vernon at Porto Bello in 1740, and for Carthagena in 1741.

Richard Chandler (adm. 1753) was the learned antiquary whose travels in Asia Minor and Greece were published after his tour in 1764. He died vicar of Tilehurst, in Berkshire, in 1810.

Henry Bathurst (adm, 1756) became Bishop of Norwich. He

39*

^nnais of Wi

was a nephew of the 6r^ Ban 1775), whose eldest son, Henry was elevated to the peerage, b 1 771.

Samuel Gauntlett {adm. 1757] ' George ' at W[nchester. Beii nomination, he held a fellon Colleges successively, and in CoUege.

The siaurus expensarutH for 1757, may be set forth here, not recorded : —

Wheat .

Mall .

Hops .

Oxen .

Oxbeads and Tripe

Sheep .

Sheep's Heads, &c.

Butchers' Meat at Election a

Suet .

Salt

Spices .

Oatmeal

Pickles .

Coal .

Charcoal

Vinegar

Candles

Firewood

TER XXIV.

; AND Lee (1757-1789).

ey reject! PumelL— Dr. Golding.— Arch Her. — Warden Lee's Election. — Mastera' abolisbed them. — Goddard Scholarship. — ton, — Rebellion o[ 1774. — Moody's case, rd Goodwin Keat». — French Lawrence, berg. — CharEes Abbot — Admin] Raper. — Heath cote.— Regulations of 1778.— Visit . — Archbishop Howley.^ — Sir George Rose.

ied in June, 1737, the Fellows ol ell their warden to succeed him, in of some. An unsigned letter from Burton about this time no doubt le minority on the subject. It is idly admonition to the Fellows ot :ustom, whenever the headship is irdens into that office ',' and ai^es t)le, ' first, because the Warden of a very beneficial promotion ' upon

is not likely to hold the reins of ought ; and secondly, because it is

Cobb, Dobson, Bi^, and Coxed, had all

dship of Winchester College was worth at Bursars' books only record his statutory :e of the rest of the members of the Society, was the Warden's share of the fines on ipear in the Bursars' books.

39^ Annals of IVinchester College.

unlikely that the visitatorial power over the Warden of Win- chester College will be effectually exercised by one who looks upon himself as his heir apparent.' For these or other reasons Bishop Hoadley declined to admit Dr. Purnell ; and the pre- sentation lapsing in consequence, he appointed Christopher Golding (adm. 1723) to fill the vacancy. This act of the Bishop caused no small stir at New College. It is noticeable, however, that Dr. PumeH's iriends complained less of the rejection of their man, than of the Bishop's omission to give them notice of his intention to reject him ; and it is probable that, apart from any personal feeling in favour of Dr. Purnell, most of the Fellows of New College would have admitted that the practice of promoting their Warden to Winchester was not one to be commended.

Charles Daubeny (adm. 1758) was a Fellow of Winchester College (1775-1827^ Vicar of North Bradley (1778-1827), and Archdeacon of Sarum (1804-27). He was the second son of Charles Daubeny, a Bristol merchant, and claimed descent from the ancient Norman family of D'Albini, one of whom, Giles D'Albini, was summoned to Parliament in 1275 ^^ Baron Daubeny. During his incumbency of fifty-four years, and chiefly by his exertions, the parish church of North Bradley was restored, the parsonage house was enlarged, the old parsonage house was nearly rebuilt for the curate, the vicarage was endowed with a field called Gibbons* Close, and Christ Church, Bath, was built. He also built and endowed the asylum and school at North Bradley, and contributed more than £4000 towards the building and endowment of Christ Church, Road, which was consecrated in 1824. He died in July, 1827, and was buried in the chancel of Road Church, where there is a monument to his memory, erected by his daughter and her husband, Colonel Daubeny. His Guide to the Church (1798) and Protestant Companion (1824) had a considerable circulation.

Combe Miller, of St. Peter's, Chichester, rose to be Dean of Chichester. William Crowe, of Midgham in Berkshire, became Public Orator in the University of Oxford, and was reputed a poet. A tradition that he began life as a chorister can have no foundation, unless perchance, like Dibdin, he was a boy in the Cathedral choir, and so sang in the College chapel.

Warden Lee, 399

Warden Golding dropped down dead in Chamber Court on November 25, 1763, and there were three candidates for the vacancy. Sale (adm. 1738), Hayward (adm. 1745^ and Lee (adm. 1733)- On December 10 the Sub -Warden of New College (the Warden being ill) and fifty-four of the Fellows met in chapel, and after receiving the Holy Communion, and hearing the statute of Elizabeth ' read, proceeded to the choice of a successor. At the first scrutiny Sale had twenty votes, Hayward nineteen, and Lee fifteen ; wherefore, inasmuch as no candidate had an absolute majority of votes, and the hour was 2 p.m., an adjournment took place. When they met again after dinner Ha3rward retired, and three fellows who declined to vote for anybody but him were absent, for which offence the Sub- Warden put them out of commons for a calendar month. In the result. Sale got twenty-four votes and Lee twenty-seven, and Lee was consequently elected. One of the minority, Richard Phelps (adm. 1731), took several objections to the validity of Lee's election, and had them argued by counsel before the Bishop of Winchester. One was that the Holy Communion was not administered again before the opening of the afternoon sitting, which was alleged to be a beginning de novo, and not an adjournment; but the Bishop overruled this and other objec- tions, and Lee read himself in on January 22nd, 1764. Hayward shortly afterwards was elected Warden of New College *, and Sale gained a Fellowship at Winchester in 1765. Lee came of a good family at Coton, Salop, and reigned twenty-six years. His son, the Rev. Harry Lee (adm. 1779), who obtained a Fellowship at Winchester just before his father's death, married Philippa, the youngest daughter of Sir William Blackstone, by whom he had a son, the third Harry Lee (adm. 1805), who held a Fellowship of Winchester College from 1827 until his death in 1880, and was Vicar of North Bradley during nearly the whole of that period.

A really serious attempt was made in the year 1763 to put an end to the practice of the masters receiving money from boys on

> Stat. 31 Eliz. c 6, against abuses in elections of scholars and presentations to benefices, which, by section 7, must be read whenever Fellows of a College assemble to choose a Head.

» He died at Hardwicke, Bucks, only four years afterwards, of a fall from his horse while on Progress.

400 Annals of Winchester College.

the foundation. No one can say how soon the practice originated; but it was anticipated by Wykeham, who (Ruhr. XII) forbids the schoolmaster to receive money from the parents or friends of the scholars on any pretence whatsoever. The practice must have come in by degrees, as the decrease in the exchangeable value of money rendered the masters* places not worth having without augmentation of some kind. The blame must rest on the Warden and Fellows, who, instead of making up the salaries to a proper amount out of any surplus of the corporate revenues, divided that surplus amongst themselves, and left the schoolmaster and usher to get their living in a way which everybody concerned knew to be not in accordance with the statutes. Warden Bigg must have felt this strongly when in December, 1739, he addressed a monitory letter to the Fellows, telling them that they and he were converting to their own use a larger share of the income of the College than they were morally entitled to, and averring that they and he came near to be thought guilty of perjury, breach of trust, and injustice to their wards in so doing. This conscientious, if injudicious, language elicited a reply from one of the Fellows, Mr. Harris (F. W. C. 1704-48), to the effect that other colleges set the example. This was the case ; but the practice of colleges in this respect will not bear examination. Most colleges, if not all, were endowed with estates for the maintenance of a head and a number of fellows and scholars, with a margin for contingencies. This is the scheme, in its simplest form, of such endowments* In Warden Bigg's time the progress of the country had rendered the estates so valuable that people were found to pay large sums of money for the privilege of renewing their leases at the ancient accustomed rents. What right had the Warden and Fellows to divide these large sums of money among them- selves ? This was the gist of Bigg's argument. However, Bigg died, and nothing came of his good intentions beyond a slight improvement in the scholars' allowances and a moderate increase of the stipends of the schoolmaster and usher, which was really covered by a gift of £500 from Dean Cheyney's devisees ^ and legacies of £100 from Bigg and Bowles, one of the Fellows.

* The Dean left £500 to buy an advowson for New College ; but the bequest proving void, his residuary legatees handsomely gave the same sum to augment the two masters' stipends.

Warden Lee. 401

There appears to be no record of the actual incomes of the schoolmaster and usher at this period. But there is a paper extant in Bigg's handwriting giving the incomes of the Eton masters at the time when he wrote {circa 1732) : —

^ The Master of Eaton school has one allocation of £^ per ann., and another of £i^\ in all £62 per ann. Besides this, he has commons of all kinds, bread, beer, and easements of all sorts without paying a single farthing. This cannot easily be computed at less than los. per week. Besides his own lodgings which he inhabits he has spare room enough, which he lets to the boys for studies, and which brings him in usually £^ per ann. The master receives a guinea entrance of all the boys both in the upper and lower school ; but as for annual gratuities, he receives only from those who are under him in the upper school. When any money is given the known sum is Four guinea^ per ann. and hardly ever varies by being more or less.

N.B. — No money is ever demanded ; and it is supposed that one time with another about one third of the boys pay nothing.

£ 5. </.

Allocation to the Master 62 o o

Commons and his own lodgings 30 o o

Chamber rent from the boys 800

In all about ;f 100 o o

The Usher of Eaton School has only an allocation of £ig p. ann. He has no right to any commons at all, but is generally, I think always, invited to the Fellows' table, and pays nothing. He has lodgings for himself and as much more as he lets to the boys for studies for about £6 p. ann. The usher receives a guinea entrance from those only who are under him. He receives likewise annual gratuities from the lower school only. These gratuities are always the same as in the upper school, viz. four guineas.

N.B. — The hostiarius, or usher, is not considered as of much rank in the statutes. He is expressly directed not to be in orders, and the care of the School in a great measure entrusted to the Informator or Master.

£ s. d. Allocation to the Usher 19 o o

Chamber rent from the boys 600

His own lodgings, perhaps 500

In all, about ;^3o o o *

D d

4oa Annals of Winche^er College,

In 1763 the Rev. Charles Scott (adm. 1688), a Fellow of Win- chester College, devised his Essex property, producing about £100 per annum at that time, upon trust for the better support and maintenance of the scholars upon the foundation. Upon the devise taking effect the Warden and Fellows resolved, instead of spending the income of the Essex property on bettering the scholars' allowances, ' to augment the salaries of the schoolmaster and usher so far beyond what was appointed to them by the statutes, that neither of them shall hereafter receive any gratuity from any scholar, or from the parents and friends of any scholar'; and to accumulate the income from the Essex property as a fund for that purpose. Sir William Black- stone's opinion was taken as to the propriety of this resolution. He was Solicitor-General at this time, and was preparing for the press the first volume of his Commentaries on tiie Laws of England, His opinion on the case submitted to him was —

'That Mr. Scott intended an immediate benefit to the existing scholars, so that the contemplated accumulation was not strictly justifiable ; yet they might postpone the expenditure of the income for a short and reasonable time in order to create a fund, without any very great hazard of being called to account ; and in any case, might properly apply the income towards lessening the expenses of education, instead of in food and raiment.'

While the Society were pondering the matter, the Electors of 1776 passed the following resolutions : —

* I. That the practice which has for some time generally prevailed of presenting ten guineas per annum as a gratuity from the parents or friends of each child to the Master and Usher of the school is contrary to the obvious intention of the Founder, a grievous imposi- tion upon the ^^pauperes et indigentes scholares*' and grave scandalufH to the College itself.

a. That the children be therefore admonished by the said Warden and Supervisors to inform their parents or friends that they should not present gratuities to the Master and Usher for the future ; as the said Master and Usher ought to be paid out of the revenues of the College for their labour and trouble in the discharge of their offices.

3. That it be recommended to the Warden and Fellows of the College near Winchester, to prevent, as far as in them lies, the offer of any future gratuities to the Master and Usher from the children,

Warden Lee. 403

their parents, or their friends ; and even to remove the said Master and Usher from their respective offices if they presume hereafter to accept any such gratuities — since any members of the College per quos grave scanckUum CoUegio generetur are removeable ; those especially, who are expressly conducHHi and remoHvi. And they do hereby recommend the same.

4. That it be also recommended to the Warden and Fellows to allow butter and cheese to the children for their breakfasts, and garden stufif with their meat; which allowances, it is presumed, might be made without much further expense to the College than what might probably be saved from the better management of the beer. And they do hereby recommend the same.

And the Warden and Supervisors of New College do beg leave to take this opportunity of expressing their sense of the generous intentions of the Warden and Fellows of the College near Win- chester in their late voluntary offer of enlarging the stipends of the Master and Usher.

Thomas Hayward, Warden of New College.

Edward Whitmore, | Supervisors.'

JOHN HoOK, )

The custom of receiving these gratuities was not to be upset by a mere resolution of the Electors. It prevailed for some- thing like seventy years longer. In Dr. Goddard's time the custom was for every scholar on admission, and likewise after each vacation, to pay three guineas to the head-master and two guineas to the usher. These sums were entered in the school bills as 'gratuities if allowed,' and most parents paid them. Dr. Goddard estimated his annual income from this source at £430, and the usher's at £320. Being desirous of putting an end to this practice, and of substituting at his own expense a fund which would render it unnecessary, Dr. Goddard, in the year 1834, transferred a sum of £25,000 consols to trustees, who were to divide the income (£750 per annum) between the two masters in the proportions of 43 and 32 ' for each and every half year during which he shall absolutely abstain from receiv- ing any fee or gratuity from or on account of any scholar.' The new statutes provide that this fund shall continue to be administered in accordance with the deed creating the trust. The Goddard Scholarship was founded in 1845, the year in which Dr. Goddard died, in order to commemorate this

D d 2

404 Annals of Winchester College.

great act of liberality. Dr. Ridding (now Bishop of South- well) was the first Goddard scholar.

George Huddesford (adm. 1764) was in early life a pupil of Sir Joshua Reynolds, who painted the portrait of him which hangs in the National Gallery. He was a respectable poet, the best known of his works being The IVykehamical ChapleU

Dr. Burton retired in the year 1766, after forty-two years* service, and led a life of honoured ease until his death in 1773. His successor, Dr. Joseph Warton, was bom in 1722 at Duns- fold in Surrey, being the eldest son of the Reverend Thomas Warton, Vicar of Basingstoke, and sometime Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford. Missing New College he matriculated at Oriel, and took his B.A. degree in 1744. The Duke of Bolton gave him the living of Winslade near Basing- stoke in 1748, upon which he married a Miss Daman, whose nephew, Powlett Francis Daman, obtained a nomination to College in 1786. After his marriage he wrote poems, and translated the Eclogues and Georgics of Virgil into English verse in a style which won him an honorary M.A. degree at Oxford. He succeeded Samuel Speed as usher in 175s 3J^d played that junior part so well as to qualify himself for the head- mastership when Dr. Burton resigned eleven years afterwards. As head master he won golden opinions from his pupils, and was generally loved * ; yet it must be admitted that he was not strong enough for the situation. The laxity of discipline under him rendered the rebellion of 1793 possible. Something like a rebellion occurred in Commoners in November, 1774. I quote the following account of it from a letter of T. Wood KnoUys to Lady Wallingford, his aunt, dated November 28 * : —

'The rebellion at our College is quelled. Most of the young gentlemen were sent back by their friends, and the ringleaders expelled ; but 'ds imagined some few will in consequence of it not return after the holidays. The first cause of it was, that they had had two masquerades among themselves in the Common Hall, which the Master hearing of went in, and seeing a mask and wig hang up made the boy whom he supposed they belonged to take them down and bum them, saying he would have no masquerades. Upon Dr.

' Wooirs Lifi and Adams' Wykdiamtca^ pp. 134-153. * Communicated by W. H. Jacob, Esq.

Warden Lee. 405

Warton leaving the hall all the boys hissed him. Upon that he returned and said, " So, gentlemen ; what, are you metamorphosed into serpents ! " and then a second time they hissed him out ; and a third time he came in and attempted to speak ; but they reiterated their hisses and would not give him the hearing; upon which he was obliged to leave them. This was of a Saturday, and he went immediately to Mr. Stanley's, where he stayed throughout the next day. The boys' pretended grievance was that a Mr. Huntingford ^ who is appointed by the doctor as his assistant, should not call names on the Commoners' hall (this is like calling the roll in the army), and that out of school they would be subject to no one but the Master. And as he (Mr. Huntingford) had otherwise disgusted them, they insisted on his being dismissed or they would leave the schooL This was signified in writing to the Master and not complied with on Sunday eve. The next day the boys all dressed in their best cloathes and went into school, insisting on the dismission of the Assistant Master, which was refused ; but otherwise they behaved as usual, came out of school at the proper time, and went and took their breakfast ; after which one and all left the College, and soon after proceeded on their march to their several homes, for carriages or horses they could not get, and money very few had any, and they that had, very Uttle, so that the first day they suffered much hunger and fatigue, and at night going to inns they by leaving their watches or by other means got credit sufficient to forward them to their several homes^ Thus much I give your Ladyship an account of the College rebellion, which every body here condemns the boys for. Though at the same time we think that if the Master was a good disciplinarian and of resolution he might have prevented (it) ; for in all societies order and discipline must be kept up, and the Master should not let the boys see the blind side of him or be afraid of them. But Dr. Warton has entered on a new scene in Ufe. When he first came to Winchester he was greatly in debt, but by having a good wife they in their several departments increased the school greatly, — she as to the domestic business of providing for the boarders, in which she excelled and was a downright slave. In short, she was the admiration of every one, and none could equal her, as she left nothing to servants. But, alas, thb good woman died . . .'

The disorderly state of the College in 1778, four years later, may be gathered from Moody's case. Moody (adm. 1773) was

' Afterwards Warden.

' The Eton boys— x68 in number— who took part in the rebellion of Novem- ber a, 3, 1768, were wiser, and seceded to Maidenhead. The bill which they incurred at the inn there, amounting to over £55, was exhibited in the Loan Collection at Eton, July, 1891.

4o6 Annals cf Winchester College.

a junior in Fourth Chamber in March, 1778. He shall tell his story in his own way : —

* WiHTOH Coll.,

April 3«, 177a Hon* Sir : —

I received your kind Letter last night and am sorry to have occasioned so much trouble to you, but as I was compelled by necessity to write what I did to you, I hope you will excuse it ; but as I have not yet informed you how I was and am used ill, I will now without any Exaggerations speak the Truth. The First Week after the Holydays, I believe the day after you sent me the money, a certain Praeposter, whom I will name to you some time hence, if you desire it, asked me to cut at Cards, a shilling a Game. I who never was used to Cards told him I could not play for money, which then sadsfyed him. But a few days after, some little boys being playing at Commerce for nothing, I being in the room was asked to make one ; but just as I had played one deal they said, " Person coming into the room " ; and seeing me at play, told me to pull off my gown ; and he beat me with a great whip, I believe as big as my wrist, as long as he was able. He then kicked me out of the Chamber. Another time, as I was going to Hills in that sloppy weather my shoe came down ; and as I was putting it up he with some others came by and drove me to Hills before them, which I believe is farther round than any field at Bathampton. I run as long as I was able and then fell down, not being able to stand. He and the others trod upon me and wiped their shoes in my gown, so that I was compelled by necessity to have my new gown, my old gown not being quite wore out. I could enumerate many other things, but as I have not time, and fearing that this letter may not reach you before you get to London, I am willing to make it as concise as possible. I have now only to beg you to remove me; as I assure you I can never be happy here ; but if it is not agreeable to you, I will try to bear it longer and will not run away . . . The half guinea came safe, and I have only time to add duty to yourself and Aunt and love to my Brother, and

I am your dutiful son,

* Wm. Moody.*

Upon the receipt of this letter Mr. Moody came up, and after seeing Dr. Warton, took away his son. Writing on April 11 to Dr. Warton, Mr. Moody says : —

^ Yesternight I catechised my son pretty closely and find that Innes and Weston took great umbrage at my knowledge of the transaction in January, 1777, viz. Innes' and Erie's stealing and burning my son's

\

Warden Lee.

407

books. I am happy however in being able to exculpate Mr. Erie from any consequential ill-treatment of my son ; but with respect to Innes and Weston I can with Truth affirm they were his perse- cutors, Innes (tho' his tutor) by a continual wanton and malevolent treatment of him, and Western by his brutal treatment They were the boys who signalized themselves in chasing him towards the Hills till he fell, and then trampled him under their feet. I left with you a letter of my son's mentioning this, and likewise the horse- whipping. It was Western who was guilty of that piece of enormity with a very large whip. He may perhaps deny it ; however I say it was done on a Holiday in the 4th chamber in the afternoon, when some of the boys were with him to learn (as my son calls it) his books-chambers . . . Thus has my son been sacrificed to their wantonness and brutality. My wish is to have it exposed to the Warden and Society, that they may have their Demerits. If the truth of this is doubtful, my son shall wait on the Society and evidence it . . . My son's things are left in the care of Mary Shackleford his laundress, and Elizabeth Williams ^ at the Sickhouse. You was so kind as to undertake the conveyance' (by Leach the Salisbury carrier) * of the money to me.'

Dr. Warton saw the Warden, and he sent for the praepositcrs. They denied Mr. Moody's allegations, and he had to come up with his son to justify them. Nothing can throw a clearer light on the unruly condition of the school at this time than the following account of what happened as Mr. Moody and his son were leaving College. It is taken from an affidavit made by the son before the Mayor of Salisbury on April 24. The reader will make due allowance for the fact of its being ex parte* Moody avers that,

'as he was walking with his father through the Close on April 23rd, he saw thirty or forty College boys following him. The said boys, after pursuing them into the churchyard, violently assaulted the deponent and his father with stones, one of which struck the deponent on the leg. His father*s head was broken, and just within the churchyard he took up his father's wig from off the ground, which wig he saith he saw just before in the hand of a certain boy named Sandby . . . Being, as he believes, in imminent danger of their lives, he and his father made their

^ Elizabeth Williams was matron there more than fifty years. Her wages during that period were £5 a year, with an allowance of coals as well during the last few years of her life. However, when she died, the Society buried her, and bought of her next of kin the kitchen grate and a few other fixtures for the sum of jf 5 35. td.

■A

^

^

4o8 Annals of Winchester College.

escape into the house of Mr. Waller, where they stayed a conaderaUe time, and until the boys were dispersed.'

After due allowance made for exaggeration on the part of the Moodys, it must be admitted that a scene like this justifies Adams' observation * that ' Dr. Warton seems to have been unable to preserve anything like discipline among the boys.' Weston and Innes indeed were sent away, as was another boy named Wrighte.

Thomas Burgess (adm. 1768), of Odiham, was a scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and became Bishop of St David's in 1803, whence he was translated to Salisbury in 1825.

Richard Goodwin Keats (adm. same year) was Admiral Sir Richard Goodwin Keats, G.C.B. He entered the navy November 25, 1770 ', and served at the capture of New York and Rhode Island. Attaining post rank in 1789, he commanded the Galatea, 36 guns, during the expedition to Quiberon, and in the Superb, 74 guns, he won fame in Sir James Saumarez's action with the Franco-Spanish squadron off Gibraltar, July 12, 1801. He accompanied Lord Nelson to the West Indies in chase of the combined fleets, and fought as Flag Captain in the action off St. Domingo, February 6, 1806, after which he was presented with a sword valued at 100 guineas by the merchants and underwriters of London. In 181 1 he was second in command of the Mediterranean fleet, and from 1813 to 1816 Governor of Newfoundland. From 1821 till his death, in 1834, he was Governor of Greenwich Hospital.

French Lawrence (adm. 1769), of Bath, graduated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he got a Fellowship, and then went to the bar, soon rising to eminence as a. civilian. In 1796, through the influence of Burke and Earl Fitzwilliam, he became M.P. for Peterborough. In 1796 he was appointed Regius Professor of Civil Law in the University of Oxford. He was one of the executors of Burke and joint editor of his Works ; also a contributor to the RoUiad.

Alexander Crowcher Schomberg (adm. 1770), of Great Yar- mouth, matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford, and was Fellow and Tutor of Magdalen. He wrote An Hishrical and Chronological View of the Roman Empire, A Treatise on the Maritime Law of Rhodes, A Sea Manual recommended to the

^ IVykihamtca, p. 139. ' O'Bymes NennU Biognt^y,

J

Warden Lee.

409

Young Officers of the British Navy^ and other works of repute at the time. Charles Abbot (adm. 1772), of Blandford, was a botanist and author of Flora Bedfordiensis.

Henry Raper (adm. 1774), of St. Andrew's, Holbom, entered the navy in February, 1780, on board the Berwick 74 \ He was signal lieutenant of the Queen Charlotte in Lord Howe's action of June I, 1793, and was made post captain in 1796. He became a rear admiral in 1819^ and a full admiral in 1841. He published in 1828 a work entitled ' A New S3rstem of Signals, by which Colours may be wholly dispensed with ; illustrated by figures and a series of Evolutions,' in which he displayed a mastery of the subject.

William Lisle Bowles (adm. 1775), was Bowles the poet, a son of William Bowles, a Fellow of Winchester College (adm. 1711). Bowles the poet was vicar of Bremhill, in Wiltshire, and a canon of Salisbury. He wrote History of Bremhill, Life of Bishop Ken, and Annals and Antiquities of Lacock Abbey, besides editing Pope's poetical works in a tone which drew down on him the wrath of Lord Byron, There is a mural tablet to Bowles in Salisbury Cathedral.

Under custus aulae in 1776 : ' Page for four dozen salts, i6s.* These were blocks of beech wood, about five inches square and two inches thick, with a circular hole in the middle to hold the salt, which were in use within living memory.

Distributio pauperibus: — To the fund for the relief of the suffering clergy in America (in levamen ecclesiae Anglicanae clericorum, qui religionis causi in America vexantur) during the War of Independence, £21. In 1792 the Society, follow- ing this precedent, sent twenty-five guineas to the Committee at Freemason's Tavern for the relief of the suffering French clergy during the Revolution.

Thomas Lavie (adm. 1777), of Putney, was Sir Thomas Lavie, K.C.B., who was knighted in 1806 for having, when in command of the Blanche frigate of 46 guns and 265 men, captured the Guerriire of 50 guns and 317 men after a spirited action, of which the particulars are recorded in James' Naval History.

Gilbert Heathcote (1778) was a younger son of Sir Thomas Heathcote, Bart., of Hursley, near Winchester. He was elected Fellow of Winchester College in 1804, and was Vicar of

* 0*Bymc'a Naval Biography,,

410 AntuUs of IVnidiesier CoU^.

Hursley and Andover, also Treasurer of Wells Cathedral, and latterly Archdeacon of Winchester. He married a daughter of Martin Wall (adnu 1760), who was over fifty years Clinical Pro- fessor at Oxford* His eldest son, the Rev. Gflbert Wall Heath- cote, is the present Sub-warden of Winchester CoUege.

At a meeting of the Warden and Fellows held Septonber 9^ 1778, the following Regulations were made. I quote them as evidence of the state of the Collie at the time. Some of them, however, had been in existence since December i, 1756 : —

'Ordered. — ^That the Praepositor in course in each Chamber shall every morning enquire of the Inferiors whether they have between Peals gone circum, as it is usually called ; and that they produce a witness of the same, otherwise their names shall be carried to one of the Masters.

That at Eight, Eleven, and Five o'clock Prayers the boys shall all be seated in chapel at the tolling of a single bell, which will continae for five minutes after the ceasing of the two bells.

That they behave themselves there decently and quiedy both before and during the Service ; and that the Praepositors in general shall be answerable for any noise or outrage which may happen before Service shall begin.

That the name of every boy who shall appear in the Chapel without a surplice at the appointed times of wearing them shall be carried to the Masters by one of the Praepositors of the Chapel ; and that the Praepositor in course in each chamber shall be likewise accountable for such neglect ; and that the surplices, when not in use, shall be deposited in their respective chests.

That no boy shall go into the belfry tower, clock room, or upon any of the Leads about the College.

That none shall go into the kitchen on any pretence whatsoever, except the Praepositor of the Tub, whose presence at meal times is sometimes necessary to regulate the commons of the absentees.

That the praepositor of the Hall do take care that the floor be not strewed with saw dust, but be kept clean without it. In default of which he is to complain to the Warden of the Almoner.

That the praepositor of the Hall be very attentive to the attendance of the bo3rs during their meals, and accuse those who shall be absent from, or loiter in the Hall after singing of grace ; and that no boy be suffered to carry his commons out of the Hall.

That no attempt be made to get into either of the butteries on any

J

r

Warden Lee. 411

pretence whatsoever ; the Butlers having received orders to supply the Hall with Bread, Beer, Butter, Cheese, and Salt.

That the silver pots be placed and suffered to remain at the respective Ends for the use of the inferiors; and that immediately after each meal the pots be locked up in the buttery and never on any pretence whatsoever be carried down stairs. As the Praepositors are indulged with their separate messes, they are also allowed the use of any cup of their own, which the butler has orders to fill. The Gispins of beer are to be placed in the Hall, as formerly, viz. three gispins to supply the six Ends, by placing one on the middle of each of the three forms, so as conveniently to serve two Ends. And the junior boy at each End is to pour the beer for the rest

The beer that may be wanted in the chambers at proper times is to be carried down by the bedmakers, and not by any of the boys on any pretence whatsoever.

That the boys are not to return to their Chambers after early prayers (except on remedy days), but to go immediately into School.

That at proper times, and out of school hours, they be kept close to their chambers, and not suffered to stand between Doors, or to loiter in the Courts, or to walk on the Sands, or sit on the Bench under the chapel wall. And that the Praepositors in course take care that no boy be absent from his chamber without leave.

The hours for books-chambers are from Ten to three quarters past Eleven in the forenoon and from half past Three to three quarters past Five in the afternoon, bever time excepted, when studying hours begin at Four.

That the Praepositor in course take care that the chamber doors be always left open, when the boys are in them, till Bed time, which is half past eight for the inferiors (when a chapter in the bible is to be read by the praepositor in course), and Nine for the praepositors ; and that the doors be constantly locked at half-past eight.

That no boy be seen with a hat, except when going to Hills, or to Meads at the season, or when he has leave to go out of College ; and that no one appear without a socius in the Court

That no names or initials of names be cut, or otherwise rendered conspicuous, on the walls of the Chapel or Hall, or on the buttresses of the same, or in other parts of the College.

That the Bible clerk and ostiarius shall be answerable for all offences committed in the School Court on school days. The prae- positors in general are by the statutes answerable for all damage accruing from breaking the Hall windows.

The Bible clerk and ostiarius are likewise to see that the boys con-

I

414 Annals of Winchester CoUege.

standy return to school at one o'clock, which is the stated hour in the aiiemoon on a school day ; and that they do not loiter elsewhere.

That no boy presume to go into the College garden. For any offence of this kind committed on school days, and within school hours, the Bible clerk and ostiarius are responsible. If committed whilst the boys are at Meads or elsewhere, and out of the school hours, the praepositors in general are answerable for it And if the offence be repeated, it will be deemed equal to going out of College, and punished accordingly.

That if any boy shall be convicted of having a £dse key, or of breaking open any lock or other fastening of any of the doors in and about the College, he shall be instantly expelled.

That all letters be carried up into the Hall before Eleven o'clock in the forenoon, and be put into a letter box which will be fixed there for that purpose.

That no boy on any pretence whatsoever do presume to go out of the College without the leave of the Warden, Schoolmaster, and Usher. By '' going out of College " is meant not only going out of the walls of it, but likewise going behind the stables, or back buildings, and even beyond the middle gate, unless sent for by the Warden or Schoolmaster. Under the same notion is comprehended all going from the Hills, or to a neighbouring village, during the time that should be spent at Hills.

Not returning to eight o'clock Prayers at night after leave obtained to go out of College in the day time comes likewise under the same notion. The Punishment for the first offence of going out of College will be whipping ; for the second, if the offender be a praepositor, exofficiating; if an inferior, turning down to the bottom of his class ; for the third offence, registering in the Black Book ; and for the fourth offence. Expulsion.

That the praepositor of the HaU do on school days, and in school hours, keep the Court clear of the boys, and send them into school; as he is placed in Sixth Chamber for that purpose.'

The chief event of the year 1778 was the visit of George III and Queen Charlotte. Their Majesties arrived at Winchester at 5.30 p.m. on September 28, having come from Windsor (about 50 miles) in four and a half hours. They alighted at Eastgate House, which Mr. Henry Penton, M.P. for Win- chester, rented of the College, and held a lev^ which was attended by the Mayor and Corporation, the Warden and Fellows, the Dean and Chapter, and principal gentry of the neighbourhood, all of whom kissed hands. Next morning the King reviewed the West Kent, Gloucestershire, Lancashire,

Warden Lee. 4^3

Staffordshire, Yorkshire and Wiltshire regiments of militia which were encamped on Mom Hill, a mile N.E. of the city, and then held a lev^e in the royal marquee on the ground for the officers. Captain Davies, of the West Kent, was knighted, according to custom, being by rotation the captain on guard for the day. Next morning (Sept. 30) the King and Queen came in their respective carriages to the Cathedral, and thence on foot to the College gate, where a guard was mounted, and they were received by the Warden, Fellows, and Masters. They proceeded to the chapel and library (Chantry), where his Majesty asked many questions', and made pertinent observa- tions (not recorded) on the style of architecture. After visiting Seventh Chamber the King entered School, where the Scholars and Commoners intermixed were arranged at either end. After admiring the just proportions and elegance of the roof of that building, he proceeded into Meads, and was struck with the view of the plantation on St. Catherine's Hill, being pleased when he was told that Lord Botetourt*, the Colonel of the Gloucestershire militia, and his men completed it in one day during the last camp. The King then went up into Hall, and thence into the Warden's lodgings. Passing through the Gallery (just completed at a cost of £329) the King took notice of the best of the portraits, and in the Election Chamber was attentive to an account given by the Warden of King Henry VI dining in that room during his visits to the College for the purpose of copying the statutes when he was founding Eton College. From the Warden's lodgings the King returned on foot by way of College Street, the Close, and the High Street, to Eastgate house, all the way being lined with a guard of honour, and then departed for Salisbury.

I subjoin the speeches of Chamberlayne ', the senior scholar, and Lord Shaftesbury, on behalf of the Commoners.

Chamberlayne's speech : —

' Regum antiquorum (rex augustissime) morem revocas, qui litera- torum sodalitiis interesse, oculisque et aspectu doctrinarum studia

^ Read Peter Pindar's Birthday Ode, describing the king's visit to Whitbread's brewery, and you will have this scene before you.

' Norbome Berkeley, Groom of the Chamber to George III, had his claim to the ancient barony of Botetourt allowed in 1765. In 1768 he went out as Governor of Virginia. The World, No. 103, has a character of him as Boncoeur.

' Afterwards of Weston Grove and Cranbury Park, Hants, M.P. for South- ampton. His father was William Chamberlayne, solicitor to the Treasury.

414 Annals of Winchester College,

comprobare non indignnm putabant amplitadiiie sua. Et profeclu plures r^o8 hospites, HemicoSy Edvardos, CaroloSy oUm ezc^Mft vetus hoc indytiiiiiqae Mosamm domiciliom : nuUmn qui booas literas te (Pater iUustrissime) vel magis amaverit, vel aoxent, vet omaveriL Quin et animnm toum propensamque in literas volun- tatem vel hoc abnnde testari possit, quod vidua castra tot tantisqae procemm Britannicomm pro patria miUtaiitium praesidiis instruct- issima bellicis spectacnlis te non penitos occupatum tenuere, quo minus et tpgatam joventutem respiceres et ex armorum strepitu remissionem quandam literati hujns otii captares. Ut dhi vivas et valeas in utriusque Minervae perennem gloriam tibi &nsta et lelida comprecantur omnia, voventque Wiccamid toL'

Lord Shaftesbur/s verses : —

'Forgive th' offidous Muse, that ¥nth weak voice And trembling accents rude, attempts to hail Her Royal Guest! who from yon tented field, Britain's defence and boast, has deigned to smile On Wykeham's sons : the gentler arts of peace And sdence, ever prompt to praise, and Mars To join with PaUas ! Tis the Muses' task And office but to consecrate to Fame Heroes and virtuous kings: the generous youths, My loved compeers, hence with redoubled toils Shall strive to merit such auspidous smiles: And through life's various walks, in arts or arms. Or tuneful numbers, with their country's love. And with true loyalty enflamed, t' adorn This happy realm; while thy paternal care To time remote, and distant lands, shall spread Peace, justice, riches, science, freedom, fame.'

In 1778 Dr. Bumey took his youngest son to Winchester to enter him as a Commoner, and Johnson, who was a fnend of Dr. Warton, volunteered to accompany him ^ No particulars are recorded of the visit.

Prices in 1778, afler the commencement of the war with France (declared February 8, 1778) : — Beef and mutton, 3^! per lb. ; sheep's heads, 4^/. each ; ox heads, 4s. each ; oatmeal, 105. per bushel ; wheat, 645. to 665. 8rf. per quarter ; malt, 4s. 51^ to 4s. 8^. per bushel ; oats, 225. per quarter ; sea coal, 18} J. per bushel ; charcoal, 2s. 6d. per quarter.

' Sedey, Fanny Burmy and her Friends^ p. 50.

Warden Lee,

415

William Howley (adm. 1779) became a Fellow of Winchester College, and Vicar of Andover in 1794. In 1813 he was raised to the See of London, and in 1828 became Archbishop of Canterbury \ John WooU (adm. 1 779) was headmaster of Rugby School 1807-28, and wrote a life of Dr. Warton.

In 1780 nine silver tankards for the children, costing £37 105., were purchased. They disappeared long ago, being most likely converted into spoons and forks for the Fellows' table. The two silver tankards now used by the Prefects were given to the Society in 1680 by Joseph Coxe (adm. 1653), a Fellow of Win- chester College.

George Henry Rose (adm. 1781) was the Right Hon. Sir George Henry Rose, G.C.H., of Sandlands, in Hampshire, formerly M.P. for Christchurch. He was eldest son of the Right Hon. George Rose, a well-known statesman and political writer, who was President of the Board of Trade and Treasurer of the Navy in Mr. Pitt's second administration.

John Shute Duncan (adm. 1782, Fell. N. C. 1 787-1838) was a barrister of Lincoln's Inn. His brother, Philip Bury Duncan, D.C.L (adm. 1783), also a Fellow of New College, was Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, and founded in 1841 and 1850 the Duncan Prizes in Winchester School for proficiency in mathe- matics. There are portraits of the two Duncans in the College Hall.

Anthony TroUope, of Cottered, Herts (adm. 1785), was husband of Mrs. Trollope the novelist, and father of Thomas Adolphus Trollope (adm. 1820) and Anthony Trollope (adm. 1827).

John Colbome (adm. 1789) was Field-Marshal Lord Seaton, G.C.B., G.C.H., &c.

^ His portrait was painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence for the Society in 181 7 and hangs in the Warden's Galleiy.

1

CHAPTER XXV. Warden Huntingford (1789-1832).

Rebellion of 1793. — Dr. Goddard schoolmaster. — Philip Williams. — Chandler.— > Bandinel. — Bishops Lipscomb and Shuttleworth. — Dean Buckland. — His son Frank. — ^Timber stealers at EUng. — Order of Commander in Chief touching Hills. — Sir W. G. Hayter. — Sir William Erie and his brother. — Arnold of Rugby.— Dr. Gabell. — Rebellion of 1818. — Dr. Williams. — ^Fire in Chambers. — Subscriptions. — Lord Justice Gifiard.

Dr. George Isaac Huntingford (adm. 1762) succeeded War- den Lee in December, 1789. He had been Commoner Tutor' and Master of Warminster School, and was a Fellow of Winchester College at the date of his election. Huntingford owed his elevation to the See of Gloucester in 1802 to the favour of Addington (Lord Sidmouth), who had been one of the Commoner prefects when Huntingford was Commoner Tutor. Hunting- ford was translated to Hereford in 1815. Like his contem- porary Mansel, who was Master of Trinity and Bishop of Bristol, he preferred the Warden's lodgings in Collie to the bishop's palace. During a career of forty-two years he dis- charged the duties of Warden assiduously, presiding at the Courts for the manors, setting the fines on renewals of leases^ and leaving details only to subordinates.

^ All who remember him,' says Adams ', ' will agree in the appre- ciation of his learning and integrity, the excellence of his character, and the goodness of his heart. The part he had in the unfortunate events described later ' (the rebellions of 1793 and 1818) ' must be attributed to an incapacity, not uncommon in good and able men, to understand and deal with boys.'

' Anit, p. 405. * Wykthamka, p. 141.

en Huntingford.

has been described by C vriters. I take the folloi a MS. long roll which ■queathed to Winchester

surrection were Wednesda [793. The 4th was the day et to address the king on : beheading of the French i unty Hall came down to t jng gentlemen and the Wai tlemen resigned on Friday, rhjrty-three of them retun ler being absent about fifti I at the last election. Twe t suffered to return. In al iie sixty boys giving in thei

for thirty.six < Lee, adm, 1787. Caj Bristed, adm. 1789. Walt, sen., adm. 17I

College, M.A., R

Halvera. BlackstoDc, adin. 17! Gibbs, sen., adm. 17I Oglander, adm. 17;

Herton. Wykham, adm. 1786

College, B.C.L. Goodlake, adm. 1787 Gunning, sen., adm. Camac, adm. 1790. MoncriefTe, adm. 17E Smith, adm. 17B8. S

K.C.B., Governor Faithfiill, adm. 1793.

and d. in India. Sheison, adm. 179a. Lockley, adm. 1799. Devereux, adm. 1791 Robj, adm. 179a. Coxe, adm. 1790. '

lege, M.A., Rett.

and Avington, Be:

41 8 Annals of IVtnchesier College.

was the expulsion of Budd, an agreement to that effect having been made beforehand.'

Budd was a prefect, whom Dr. Goddard espied in the Cathedral Close when the Marquis of Buckingham's regiment of Militia was parading there. The Close was out of bounds, and the Warden had given out that if any boy were caught there while the regiment was parading the i«^ole school would be punished. The Warden sent for Budd and ordered him to get the Electra of Sophocles by heart and say fifty lines every morning until the whole fifteen hundred and ten lines were said. He also gave orders that no boy should be suffered to go out to dinner in the town on the ensuing Sunday. This led to the rebellion so graphically described by Adams ^. The ringleaders must have meant mischief, for they unpaved part of Chamber Court and made the juniors carry the cobblestones to the top of Middle Gate Tower, for the purpose of defending that stronghold. Budd's foolishness was the immediate occasion of the out- break, but the cause of it was the discontent of the scholars with ill-cooked food and other petty miseries, and the 'do as you please * policy of Dr. Warton. Sydney Smith (adm. 1782), even in his old age, according to his daughter. Lady Holland % used to shudder at his recollections of Winchester : and I see no reason for assuming with Adams ' that his recollections on this subject need to be taken cum grano.

In a review of ' Paris and its Historical Scenes/ in the British Critic for April, 1832, is a skit at this affair in the follow- ing imaginary title of a book supposed to be Vol. II. of a History of Winchester : — An account of Winchester College; with historical scenes of the Great Rebellion of the Scholars in the year 17 — f when they bolted out of school, * booked^ Dr. . . . • , broke all his windows, burned all his wigs, barricaded their dormiiory, procured firearms, maintained a siege, &c. See also Miss Edge- worth's tale, The Barring Out, published in 1806, and The Nar- rative in The Advertiser or The Moral and Literary Tribunal^ vol. i. ed. 2, Lond. 1803.

Dr. Warton retired at the election of 1793. The extent to which the College was thrown out of gear on this occasion may be inferred from the fact that fifty-nine boys Were put on the

* Wykehamica, p. 143. ' Memoirs, p. 6. ' P. 158.

iuntingford. 419

-one were admitted ; and that at gle scholar was elected to New

: the next Head Master. There is Winchester as a chorister. His (adm. 1770, Fell.W. C. 1801-51), ; Goddard in the leather breeches Iters then wore helping to carry lall ; but there is no demonstrat- ; choristers' names do not appear iod. At the election of 1769 he 11 for Winchester, but renounced, as not an uncommon thing a hun- X was at this time, perhaps, that lame does not appear in the roll leroll for 1771, and got in. Fail- le entered at Merton, where he hen became Commoner Tutor, opacity qualified him for the post whom he succeeded nine years d passed the remaining thirty-six iving chiefly at Andover with his ; gave his house there to be the ft of £25,000 consols to free the le burden of certain payments to to '. He was a great benefactor ; rebuilt the Church of St Mary hester tower, at a supposed cost idow the schools, £ioootoaug- to endow local charities, besides te at his own expense. His por. liege Hall. Anotherby Pickers- I, may be seen in the Warden's

791), of Lyncombe, Bath, was a

sioncm et scrulinium hoc tempore habitum noribus, hc qualiCalibus scholarium hujusce a approbatis, ne unus qui-

420 Annals of Winchester College.

member of the family of the coach proprietor immortalized in the Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, ch. xxxv.

Philip Williams (adm. 1792), of St. Michael's parish, Win- chester, was Vinerian Professor in the University of Oxford, and for many years a leading citizen of Winchester, being Steward to the Dean and Chapter and Recorder of the City. Geoi^ Chandler, of Guildford, and John Giffard Ward, of Southampton, his contemporaries, became respectively Deans of Chichester and Lincoln. Bulkeley Bandinel (adm. 1794) was Bodleys Librarian from 1813 to 1861. Christopher Lipscomb (adm. 1794) was consecrated first Bishop of Jamaica in 1824. Philip Nicholas Shuttleworth (adm. 1796) became Warden of New College in 1822, and was preferred to the See of Chichester in 1840. William Buckland (adm. 1798) was a Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and became Reader in Geology, then Dean of Westminster. His son, Francis Trevelyan (Frank) Buckland (adm. 1839), the popular writer on Natural History, was a student of Christ Church, and, after holding the appointment of assistant Surgeon in the 2nd Life Guards, was Inspector of Salmon Fish- eries. His bureau or 'toys ' is preserved in the Porter*s Lodge.

In the accounts of the year 1793 I find a bill of Kemot*s for replastering the walls of Hall, 486 yards at lod,, £20 5s. : and an item of £20 165. 3^. for underpinning with brick a settlement at the east end of this part of the building. Similar settlements of a later date at the west end of Hall, implicating the hatches, audit room, and old library above it, have been attributed to the fatuity of pumping out the water at the time when the foundations of New Commoners were laid so close to the west end of the ancient fabric, which, being built on piles, depends for its stability on the level of the water in the subsoil remaining unaltered. It was a fortunate thing, perhaps, that when the Warden and Fellows bought the South Mill, as it was called, on the site of the City sewage pumping station, less than a generation ago, with the object of lowering the level of the mill stream, they were prevented from attaining their object by the existence of certain water rights. These settlements, to whatever cause they may have been due, caused great cracks to open, which eight or ten years ago needed to be dealt with, and have, it is hoped, been now repaired in a permanently satisfactory way.

Among the subscriptions of 1 794-1804 I find-^

Warden Hunting ford. ^2i

* Fund for clothing the army on the Continent (probably the 40,000 German troops whom we subsidized in 1794), £^1 ; county subscrip- tion for the internal defence of the kingdom (1794-8), £600 : Mr. Deane \ for thirty gallons of strong beer to celebrate Lord Howe's victory on the First of June, ;^5 ; bounty for three landsmen to serve on board his Majesty's fleet, £1 as. 5^. ; fund for widows and orphans of seamen who fell in Lord Duncan's victory off Camperdown (Oct. II, 1794), ;£io los. ; volunteers from the 'suburbs of Winchester (1804), £so:

At the Easter Quarter Sessions of 1798, William and Edward Gould, Thomas Woolfe, and Stephen Hatch, were convicted and sentenced to seven years' transportation for the offence of cutting trees in Paulsham Bushes, a wood within the College manor of Eling. It was proved that upwards of three thousand trees had been cut by these and other lawless copyholders. These depredations had been going on for years, but it had not been possible before to obtain convictive evidence.

In 1799, Dr. Huntingford asserted an ancient privilege of the School in a letter to the Duke of York, the Commander-in- Chief, for an order to the soldiers quartered at Winchester to avoid ' Hills/ the river, and the adjacent fields, which, says the writer, 'from time immemorial have been appropriated to the young men educating at this College for the purposes of exer- cise, bathing, and recreation.' The Commander-in-Chief in- stantly gave directions for the issue of such an order. It was repeated by Sir David Dundas as Commander-in-Chief in 1811. The prescriptive right of the School to Hills has always been an article of faith with Wykehamists ; and, indeed, it seems probable that the school has exercised the right from a very early period. Hills may in fact have been the School play- ground from the very first, for none is provided by the Statutes, and it is not likely that Wykeham intended his poor scholars to be confined to Chamber Court altogether. In Jonson's time the School went to Hills on Tuesdays and Thursdays, which were holidays then as now : —

* Si modo lux aderit Martisve Jovisve serena Grata Catharinae visemus culmina mentis.'

* A local brewer, of a well-known Winchester family. The College got their nujt at this time either from him or from a Mrs. Roman, who kept an inn in Kingsgatc Street at the corner of Roman's Road, which is called after her.

i

4aa Annals of Winchester College.

They went there in the morning, and played quoits, handball, and a sort of cricket : —

'Ad juga sublimis viridantia Montis eundum est. Incedat sociata cohors, sociata recedat, Atque ita, donee apex Montis tangatur, eamus. Hunc humilis Montem vallis quasi cingulus artat, Haec meta est pedibus non transilienda, nee aude, Ne tibi sint tremulae febres, discumbere terrae. Hie tarn en ejecto dlscas bene ludere disco, Seu pila delectat pahnaria^ sive per auras Saepe repercusso pila te juvat icta bacillo.'

The reader will notice the absence of any reference to the maze, which probably did not exist in Jonson's time. After dinner, which in Jonson's time was at noon, the School went up Hills again : —

*Ac, veluti glomerantur apes aestate serenft Atque lets repetunt alvearia prisca patella, Wiccamicae volitamus apes post prandia rursus Ad virides Montes.'

William Goodenough Hayter, of Winterboume Stoke (adm. 1804), was Sir W. G. Hayter, Judge Advocate General (1850-8).

William Erie (adm. 1804), was Sir William Erie, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. His brother, the Right Hon. Peter Erie, Q.C. (adm. 1804), was Chief Commissioner of the Charity Commission.

Thomas Arnold (adm. 1807), ^^ West Cowes, came from Warminster School, and may therefore be supposed to have owed his nomination to Dr. Gabell, or to Warden Huntingford. He won a scholarship at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, in 1816^ and was Head Master of Rugby School from 1828 till his death in 1842. In his system of governing by reliance on the boys' sense of honour, he is said to have followed the example of Dn Goddard.

Dr. Goddard's successor. Dr. Gabell, was a son of the Rev. Timothy Gabell, one of the minor Canons of Winchester Cathedral, and a chaplain at the College. Dr. Gabell began school life in Commoners — his name is fifth in Quintae classis Secunda Pars in the long roll for 1778 — and obtained a nomi-

* Such as French boys play with now.

'arden Huntingford. 433

Ihe following year, when he was sixteen ourse he was sped to New College ; and, ;, succeeded Dr. Huntingford at War- lol in 1783, when he was not quite twenty- [793 he became usher under Dr. Goddard, The chief event of his Head Mastership I18, in which the whole School took part, ccount of its causes and consequences. t promptly enough. The only references bursars' accounts are : — 'To constables services at the late riot in the College, le manciple for losses in the kitchen, rs seem to have penetrated even to the 'hich the prefect of tub alone of all boys IS allowed to enter. According to Mr. rred to above this rebellion ' began on fter Middle Hills. It continued till 9 ling, when five College boys and fifteen ;lled*.' One cannot help lamenting that md necessary to expel so many boys, one- ichool, as there were not 120 commoners stances, however, must have rendered it 1 been outbreaks at Eton and elsewhere ^

feet of Tub, aflerwirds of Trinity College, Oxford, Sleward of the University. ' H.E.1. Co.'s service ; d. early.

[ajor 84th Rett

To Ueiton CoUege, MA.

Merril. liam Page Trelawney.

Uor Hath- Jones, sen.

Attlee. idcr Halet, Bassett.

Ransom.

FuUer.

Humphreya. !. Writing on Nov, go, 1818, to the Head Master of I am very sorry to perceive that the contagion of school also.' Dr. Kcate had just Eubducd the ^rtti

4^4 Annals of Winchester College.

Writing on December i, 1818, to Dr. Butler, of Shrewsbury; Dr. Gabell says : —

' You ask me if it is usual in cases of declared expulsion to change the sentence into dismission, or even to revoke it altogether.

I never heard of such a practice, nor do I recollect a single instance of it

' You ask me also if the master is not bound to be inflexible. This question I would rather not answer in general terms. But I recollect no case which justified, in my opinion, the reversal of such a sentence when once passed. No man could be more importuned than I was on a similar occasion afler our unfortunate disturbance last spring ; but I thought it my duty to resist all importunities.

You have heard of the proceedings of the boys probably at Eton ", and at the Charterhouse ; but perhaps you do not know that the Military College at Sandhurst has been in rebellion. The boys drew up in battle array against the professors.'

Mr. Peter Hall's roll continues : —

'A great many of the rest went away, but almost all returned again, and were received by Dr. Gabell, afler suffering school correction, which was likewise inflicted on many of the College boys. The causes and consequences of the rebellion were fully and minutely in- vestigated before the Warden of New College and the Posers at the next election, and one of the Commoner Tutors was sent away.'

The severity of this man is generally supposed to have been the occasion of the rebellion. It did not affect Dr. Gabell's credit one whit. He retired in his sixtieth year, on January 24, 1824', and passed the remainder of his life at Binfield, in Berkshire, having been presented by Lord Chan- cellor Eldon to the vicarage of that parish as an acknowledgment of the care which he had taken of the Lord Chancellor's grand- son when in Commoners. Dr. Gabell died in 1851. His successor, Dr. David Williams (adm. 1799), was the son of the Rev. Daniel Williams, a Fellow of the College, by his wife Sarah, a niece of Sir William Blackstone, and was admitted as Founder's kin. He was Commoner Tutor from 1806 to 1810, when he was appointed usher or second master, as the holder

^ The lower bojrs at Eton forty years ago entertained the belief that ' six o*clock lesson ' (which began at 7 a.m.) was imposed on the Fourth Form as a punishment for their share in ' the rebellion ' : but whether in this or some other rebellion, I know not.

* The scholars presented him with a piece of plate on bis retiring.

Warden Huntingford. 4^5

of that post was beginning to be called. After fourteen years' service as Second Master, he was promoted to succeed Dr. Gabell in 1824. He continued Head Master till 1835, when he retired, and was presented by his pupils with his portrait by Pickersgill, and a silver candelabrum. He was a candidate for the office of Warden in 1832 without success, but in 1840 became ^Warden of New College when Dr. Shuttleworth was elevated to the See of Chichester. He died in i860.

On November 10, 1816, a fire occurred in First and Second Chambers. That the damage was considerable may be inferred from the fact that the Surveyor's fee for estimating it was £45. Nineteen of Dean Fleshmonger's wooden bedsteads were burnt — a good riddance, as it had been found necessary for many years to kill the fleas in them with an infusion of colo- quintida. The iron bedsteads which replaced them may be seen in Eighth and Ninth chambers to this day. They cost over £8 a piece, being made of wrought iron. The inmates of the chambers in which the fire occurred were quartered at Sickhouse until the damage could be made good.

I quote here a few items from the accounts of 1809-1831 : —

1809. To the Poor, on the commemoration of the fiftieth

year of the reign of King George III 1812. For the Russians suffering the greatest distress in

consequence of the French Invasion

1821. To the poor on the King*s Coronation (July 19)

1822. To repair the stocks at Durrington .... 1828. Fund for establishing King*s College, London 1831. Fund for supplying the poor inhabitants of the city

and suburbs of Winchester with proper food, warmth, and clothing to relieve them of the danger of an attack of the malignant cholera . 30 o o

George Markham GilFard (adm. 1826), an eminent Chancery barrister, became Vice-Chancellor in 1868, and after a few months one of the Lords Justices of Appeal in Chancery. He died in 1870.

* This jubilee was kept at the end of the forty-ninth year of the king's reign (Oct, 35, 1809).

»20

0

0

30

0

0

20

0

0

0

14

2

100

0

0

CHAPTER XXVI. Warden Barter (1832-1861), The Governing Body,

Outlay on New Commoners, on parsonages, on chuixhes. — Local Police. — Gas. — Improvements within College. — School library. — Prefect of Tub. — After- noon Tea. — ^Weeders. — University Commission. — Statutes of 1857. — Con- clusion.

Robert Specot Barter (adm. 1803) succeeded Warden Huntingford, Barter had been Commoner Tutor under Gabell, and afterwards Tutor of New College (1815-30). Adams ^ dilates on the merits of this estimable man. Hunting- ford*s able management of the College estates left the chest full of money, much of which was spent under Warden Barter in building New Commoners ^ building or enlarging parsonage houses, and providing church accommodation. More than £6000 was spent on parsonage houses, and a nearly equal sum on church building — £1000, for instance, being given in 1842 to build an aisle to the old parish church of Portsea, which has been replaced by the magnificent one recently erected in the incumbency of Canon Jacob. Nor were local interests over- looked. Subscriptions were given in 1833 'towards forming a police establishment in the city and suburbs of Winchester/ in consequence of the success of the London police under Peel's Act of 10 Geo. IV ; and in 1834 ' for laying gas pipes through the city and suburbs.' The last entry is followed in 1^35 by an item of £71 165. for laying on gas to light the courts, &c., within College.

The stone basins which so many old foundationers remember in the window seats in Chambers were introduced in 1836. Four years later a new conduit was built at a cost of £424 14s. 6rf. The wall which runs from Sickhouse to the gate

* Wykehamica, ch. xviii. * AhU, p. 135.

Warden Barter. 427

of Lavender Mead * was built in 1836, and a continuation of it (now taken down) to the old southern boundary wall of the precinct (also taken down) was erected a year later, with the object of securing the privacy of Sickhouse. The school library, called after Dr. Moberly, was founded in 1834, Arch- bishop Howley contributing £500 for the purchase of books *. At this time the ancient ofBce of Prefect of Tub was abolished, the holder of that office becoming Prefect of Library, and receiving a gratuity of £20 as compensation for the loss of his perquisites'. His successors were paid £10 a year for the care of the library. This has grown into the annual sum of £95, which the five College officers, or senior Prefects, now divide amongst themselves.

In 1839 the dinner hour was changed from six^p.M. to one o'clock, and afternoon tea replaced bever beer. Influenced ap- parently by that sort of feeling against tea which Cobbett was so fond of expressing, the authorities disdained to impose on the Hall servants the duty of making it, and contracted with La Croix to

' From lavender, a laundress, being the meadow where the laundresses of Kingsgate Street aired their linen. The plant lavender is so called , because laundresses used it to sweeten the clean linen when sent home from the wash.

' £750 ^^ raised and spent in this way between the years 1834 and i86a The other subscribers were the Bishops of Norwich (Bathurst) and Jamaica (Lipscomb) and two old Commoners, the Revs. L. Kerby and W. M. DarrelL

• He had the kidneys out of every loin of mutton that reached the scholars' tables, besides fees from the tenants at the audit, and other emoluments. Pre- fect of Tub (prefectus ollae) anciently had the charge of the tub or bicker in which porridge was served up to the scholars at breakiast An entry of ^<L paid * pro le tubbe puerorum ' occurs in the computus for the year 1491. The olla was the pot in which the porridge was made. When bread and /cheese superseded porridge at breakfast, the porridge tub was used as a receptacle for broken victuals, and gave its name to the comparatively modern < tub ' which is used for that purpose. The chief duty of Prefect of Tub, after serving out the porridge at breakfast, was to see that the boys got their ' dispers/ or por- tions, at dinner satisfactorily. He alone, of all the scholars, had the right to be in the kitchen for this purpose. Jonson says : —

'Prefectus quidam qui nomen dudt ab oWk Aulae prefecto bubulae cito fercula mittit Inter prandendum per mensas ambulat iste, £t sua cum famulis defessis prandia sumit Disponit pueris sua fercula. Junior istud Quattuor in partes cultello dividit aequo, Implet et hie potum, piceus quoque canthanis astaL* 'Quattuor in partes ' points to messes of four, such as are found at the Inns of Court now, and existed at the Universities formerly.

4a8 Annals of Winchester College.

supply it at the price of £5 per week. Tea and sugar were far dearer then than now. It was not until the year 1851 that tea was made in Hatches.

The weeders, a company of old women who weed the courts and share the broken victuals and waste beer, are mentioned in the computus for 1527 — 'Sol. iiij mulieribus laborantibus in quadrato per x dies circa emundacionem eiusdem quanim quelibet capit per diem j<^, — iij« iiij^.' No explanation of the circumstances under which four women took ten days to weed Chamber Court is forthcoming. It was an exceptional case, for the weeders seldom got anything beyond the broken victuals *, and consequently are not often mentioned in the accounts. The broken victuals they shared with the beggars at the gate and the prisoners in the Cheyney gaol. Warden Barter put the weeders on a new footing, appointing twenty-four married women with young families to weed the courts, and making further provision for their maintenance. Eleven of these women survive, but ' Smith's Weed Killer ' has relieved them of most of their duties.

In Warden Barter's time the old order of things began to draw to a close. In March, 1857, the Oxford University Com- mission made a set of statutes for New College. The right of succession to probationary fellowships there was abolished, and six scholarships, to be obtained each year by boys leaving the school, were created. These scholarships are open to scholars and commoners alike, and are competed for in December. In June, 1857, the Commissioners issued a set of statutes for Winchester College. The privileges of Founder's kin were abolished, and scholars were to be elected after a competitive examination. No boy was to be ineligible by reason of his having any bodily imperfection which might operate as a disqualification for Holy Orders, or of his not being instructed in plain song, or by reason of any restriction in respect of property. The electors might refuse to admit as a candidate any one whom they deemed not to be in need of a scholarship, and caeteris paribus were to have regard to the pecuniary circumstances of the candidates. Four of the Fellowships, as

' * Fragmenta in gremium turbae funduntur anilis * says Jonson. The baskets in which the fragments were carried down from Hall are referred to more than once.

Warden Barter.

vacancies occurred, were ultimately to be suppressed, ai emoluments of those fellowships, together with any available resources of the College, were to be appli establishing thirty additional scholarships and twent hibitions of the annual value of £50 each. The pan provisions of the old statutes, respecting the devotions, recreations, and other personal habits of the members College, and the clothing to be provided for them respec and the conditions of their going beyond the precincts ( College ; and respecting the meals of the members < College, and the mode of serving and conducting the and respecting the inquiries to be made into the tif conduct of members, and the mode of making the same respecting the treatment and support of fellows and schol case of sickness or infirmity ; and respecting the distribul the rooms, and the use of the common hall and other co rooms or buildings of the College ; and respecting the 1 the Library ; and respecting the times of opening and c the gates and doors of the College ; and respectin admission of strangers into the precincts of the College respecting the reading of the statutes; and respectin service of the College ; and respecting progresses and matters relative to the supervision of the property c College ; and respecting the custody and inspection 1 moneys, plate, and other goods of the College, other thi muniments and seals, were to be thenceforth void, regulations might be made for effecting the main objects the above particular provisions were intended to effect, case of the Warden and Fellows, by the Warden and Ft and, so far as they might relate to scholars, by the W abne.

Four exhibitions of £50 each were established on the pi gation of these ordinances ; and the number was increas eight within the next three or four years. At the prcser two exhibitions at least of £40 each are given away annua

Warden Barter died, universally regretted, in Februaiy, and was succeeded by the Rev. Godfrey Bolles Lee, M.A. 1830), the present Warden. Only three months after Bi death, a Royal Commission was appointed to inquire in endowment, administration, and efficiency of Eton, Wind

430 Annals of Winchester College.

and other public schools. The Public Schools Act, 1868, was passed on the recommendation of the Commission. Under the provisions of it the Governing Body of Winchester School was appointed in April, 1871. It consists of eleven members. The Wardens of the two St Mary Winton Colleges are members^ ex officio. Six more are nominated by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the Royal Society, the Lord Chief Justice, the Fellows of New College, and the Masters of Win- chester School respectively. These eight are at liberty to co-opt three others \ All the powers formerly possessed by the* Warden and Fellows are exercised by this body. The estates continue to belong, in the eye of the law, to the Warden and Fellows ; but the Governing Body manage the estates, receive and spend the income, appoint the Head Master, nominate the examiners, and, speaking generally, reign supreme, except in presenting to the College livings, when the Fellows have an equal voice. The members of the Governing Body (other than the Warden of Winchester College) are Fellows of Winchester College for the time being, but their Fellowships are non- stipendiary. Eventually, no doubt, the offices of Warden and Chairman of the Governing Body will be united and the Gover- ning Body will be the Warden and Fellows. The Governing Body have made statutes and regulations as to the ages and con- ditions of admission and dismissal of boys ; as to the lodging and boarding the boys in the school ; as to the payments for the maintenance and education of scholars and commoners respec- tively ; as to divine service ; as to holidays ; as to the sanitary condition of the School and premises ; as to the branches of study ; as to the number and salaries of the masters ; and as to the powers of the Head Master. No boy is to be admitted to the

The present members of the Governing Body are : — The Earl of Selbome, chairman. The Warden of New College \

The Warden of Winchester College } ^^ °®*^*^ The Lord Bishop of London (Masters). Lord Basing (Lord Chief Justice).

Rev. Professor Bartholomew Price, M.A., F.R.S. (Royal Society). Arthur Octavius Prickard, M.A. (New College). Chaloner William Chute, M.A. Edwin Freshfield, LL.D., F.S.A. Charles Lancelot Shadwell, B.C.L. (Oxford). The Provost of King's College (Cambridge).

3ody.

Ive years ecial reai Imission d no boy 'anced to ool. Th lubjects 0

sy Latin

nslation c

d geogra; bjects thi

nglish pa isdation o ilic Scho'

Greek A Lxhibitioi

examiiK

d elemeni and the c books in L scholars cial subj* ination a hibitions a rule oi to an e es. The y year at

those boys

i from boys

43* Annals of Winchester College.

These vacancies he fills up ordinarily by competition at the time when the examination for scholarships and exhibitions takes place. The remaining vacancies in the respective boarding houses are filled up by the masters who keep them. No boy is to remain in the school after the end of the school half-year in which he attains the age of sixteen years^ unless he shall have been pre- viously admitted to Middle Part V ; no boy is to remain in the school after the end of the school half-year in which he attains the age of seventeen years, unless he shall have been previously admitted to Senior Part V ; and no boy is to remain in the school after the end of the school half-year in which he attains the age of eighteen years. Under special circumstances the Head Master may relax these rules ; but in no case may a boy remain in the school beyond the end of the school half-year in which he attains the age of nineteen years. The school half-year is considered to end on the loth of January, or the loth of August, as the case may be.

The following annual payments are to be made by every Commoner to his House-master : —

£ s, d.

School fees, board, and private instruction . . 112 o o

Medical attendance a a o

Gymnasium i i o

Sanatorium i 10 o

£i\t 13 o

•

There is an entrance fee of £12.

Every scholar is required to pay the annual sum of £21 to the College. Subject to this payment, the scholars are maintained during their residence at school out of the income of the CoUege, The difference between this £21 and the sum of £116 13s paid by any commoner may be described as the pecuniary value of a scholarship. The charge of £21 was imposed on the scholars by an order of the Public Schools Commissioners, who are said to have thought it desirable that the scholars should pay something for their education. However, the Governing Body have power to found any number of minor exhibitions, each of the annual value of £21, open to all boys in the school between thirteen and sixteen years of age. Whenever these exhibitions are founded, the holder of one, if a scholar, wiU be

PPENDIX.

Commission from Wiiiiam of Wykeham lo <p of Rochester the Pope's Bull authorising \i his license to found the College. Dated

id no3 Willelmus de Wykeham pemiissione us dilectum nobis in Christo Rogerum de le

nostrum et nuncium speeialem facimus et es damusque et concedimus eidem potestatem 1 speciale presentandi notificandi et intimandi istro Reverendo in Christo patri ac domino ;ia Episcopo Roffensi confratri nostro caris- lanctissiraas in Christo patris et domini nostri demi sibi directas per quas obtinet potestatem m septuaginta scolarium in graiflmaticalibua le civitatem Wynton. instituendi fundendi et

capellam pro eisdem scolaribus sub dictis m largiendi, neenon faciendi fideoi eidem .per assignacione dotis pro capella et susten- :tonim et supportacione onenim eis incum- n literarum apostolicarum exigenciam ac petendi insuper ab eodem Reverendo patre itituendi domam et capellam predictas con- idiperipsum nobis licenciainelargiri,cetera- iciendi exercendi et expediendi que in pre- saria fuerint seu quomodolibet oportuna. Et return et gretum perpetuo habituros quicquid * et nuncius fecerit in premissis seu aliquo .Clone et ypotheca omnium bonomm nostro- iones.

43^ Annals of Winchester College,

In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum presentibus est appen- sum. Dat. in manerio nostro de Suthwerke sexto die mensis Mali anno domini miilesimo ccc™*' IulsP et nostre consecracionis anno duodecimo.

II.

License by the Bishop of Rochester to William of Wykehatn to found the College, The Bull of Pope Urban VI is recited at length. Dated May 9, 1380.

Venerabili in Christo patri ac domino domino Willelmo Dei gracid episcopo Wynton. Thomas permissione divina Rofifensis episcopus delegatus sive executor unicus ad infrascripta a sede apostolic^ specialiter deputatus salutem in omnium salvatore. Literas Sanctis* simi in Christo patris et domini nostri domini Urbani divina provi- dencid Pape sexti eius vera build plumbea cum filo canapio more romane curie bullatas sanas et integras omni vicio et suspicione sinistrS carentes pro parte vestra nobis presentatas nuper recepimus tenorem qui sequitur continentes :

** Urbanus episcopus servus servorum dei venerabili fratri episcopo Roffensi salutem et apostolicam benediccionem. Sincere devocionis affectus quem venerabilis frater noster Willelmus episcopus Wyn- toniensis ad nos et Romanam gerit ecclesiam promeretur ut votis suis illis presertim per que divinus cultus augeri et sciencianim fructus salutiferi ampliari valeant salusque proveniat animanun favorabiliter annuamus. Sane peticio pro parte ipsius episcopi nobis nuper exhibita continebat quod ipse cupiens terrena in celestia et transitoria in etema felici commercio commutare ac considerans quod per literarum scienciam justicia colitur et prosperitas humane con- dicionis augetur ad divini cultus augmentacionem et dei gloriam et honorem ac pro sue et progenitorum ac successorum et aliorum Christi fidelium animarum salute de bonis per eum tam racione per- sone sue quam intuitu ecclesie Wyntoniensis sibi commisse seu alias licite acquisitis et imposterum acquirendis quoddam collegium septua- ginta pauperum scolarium clericorum qui collegialiter vivere et in grammaticalibus studere debeant prope civitatem Wynton. in loco ad hoc congruo et honesto instituere ac pro hujusmodi coUegio unam domum cum capellS seu oratorio construere et fundare illaque sufii- cienter dotare proponit :

** Quare pro parte dicti episcopi qui, ut asserit, scolaribus in gram- maticalibus in eddem civitate studencibus de bonis a deo sibi collatis pluribus annis vite necessaria ministravit nobis fuit humiliter suppli-

Appendix II. 437

issa licenciam concedere et ut comodius et aleant parochialem ecclesiam de Downton lepatronatuepiaeopiWynton. pro tempore liusepiscopi unireannectereet incorporare Kjstolica dignaremus :

supplicacionibus inclinati fratemitati tue dainus quatinus dote hujusmodi pro capellfi n predictorum ct pro stipportacione olie- r ipsum episcopum prius assignata eidem smodi collegium ac fundandi et constru- )redicta3 auctoritate nostrS licenciam largi' um predictum institutum fuerit predictam iam si disposicioni apostolice generaliter fuerit cum omnibus juribus et pertinen-

episcopali auctoritate predicts perpetuo as : ita quod cedente vel decedente Rectore

seu illam alias dimittente liceat episcopo : existente licencia cuiuscunque super hoc ;m possessionem eiusdem ecclesie auctori- um vel alios Ubere apprehendere et eciam IS etproventus eiusdem ecclesie recipere et de dictis fructibus ad tuum arbitrium con-

perpeCuo vicaiio in eadem ecclesie insti- servituro ex qui idem vicarius congnie icopalia solvere et alia sibi incumbencUi

episcopus et successores predicti hiyus- roventus in sustentacionem scolarium pre- m et eiusdem collegii utilitatem et onerum convertere teneantur, non obstantibus con- mtrariis quibuscunque, seu si aliqui super s de hujusmodi parochialibus ecclesiis aut ■is in illis partibus generaies vel speciales rum ejus literas imp etra vert nt, eciam si per vacionem et decreCum vel alias quomodoli- lidem literas et processus earum auctoritate

dictam parochialem ecclesiam volumus non hoc eis quoad assecucionem parochialium m aliorum prejudicium geuerari, seu quibus- ciis et Uteris apostolicis generalibus vel ; tenonim existant per que presentibus non n inserta effectus eorum impediri valeal

et de quibus quorumque totis tenoribus ■is mencio specialis. itum decernimus et inane si secus super his

438 Annals of Winchester College.

a quoquam quavis auctoiitate scienter vel ignoranter condgerit at- temptari.

'' Dat. Rome apud sanctum Petnim kalend. Junii pontificatfks nostri anno primo."

Post quam quidem literarum apostolicanim recepcionem per partem vestram debite fuimus requisiti quatinus quoddam collegium perpe- tuum septuaginta scolarium de quo superius fit mendo instituendi ac fundandi et construendi domum et capellam pro hujusmodi collegio dote juxta formam dlctanim literarum apostolicarum primitus assig- natd licentiam largiremur.

Nos igitur Episcopus Roffensis delegatus sive executor ecclesie apostolice antedictus volentes prefatas literas apostolicas et contenta in eisdem juxta significacionem nobis in ea parte factam debite exeqoi ut tenemur invenientes quod dote hujusmodi pro dicta capelld ac sustentacione septuaginta scolarium predictorum et supportacione onerum eis incumbencium juxta exigenciam dictarum literarum apo- stolicarum per vos primitus assignata fuisse servatis in hac parte de jure servandis ipsam dotem per vos ut premittitur pro capella supra- dictS et sustentacione septuaginta scolarium de quibus in dictis literis apostolicis fit mencio nee non pro supportacione onerum eis incum- bencium fuisse et esse in ea parte debite assignatam pronunciamus decemimus ac etiam declaramus ; Vobisque Reverendo patri domino Willelmo episcopo Wynton. supradicto instituendi hujusmodi colle- gium septuaginta scolarium ac fundandi et construendi domum et capellam pro hujusmodi collegio auctoritate apostolic& nobis commissi qu£l fungimur in hac parte secundum omnem vim formam et effectum literarum apostolicarum predictarum licenciam elargimur : alia vero omnia et singula in eisdem literis apostolicis contenta nobis com- missa faciendi expediendi et exequendi nobis specialiter reservantes.

In quorum omnium fidem et testimonium has literas nostras patentes sigilli nostri appensione ac signo et subscripcione notarii nostri publici apostolici infrascripta fecimus communiri.

Dat. et act. in magna capella intra castrum de Guynes Moryn. diocesi anno ab incarnacione Domini secundum cursum et computa- cionem ecclesie Anglicane millesimo trescentesimo octogesimo indie- cione tercia pontificatOs sanctissimi patris nostri domini Urbani Pape sexti supradicti anno tercio mensis Maii die nona presentibus discretis viris domino Johanne Wotton presbytero, Johanne Fynchyngfeld, Simone Waterden Dublinen. Roffen. et Norwycen. dioc. et aliis testibus ad premissa vocatis specialiter et rogatis.

Et ego Robertus de Granow clericus Lincoln, dioc. publicus auc- toritate apostolica et imperiali notarius prefatique Reverendi patris et domini delegati sive executoris predicti notarius et scriba premissis omnibus et singulis que per ipsum Reverendum patrem Anno Domini Indiccione Pontificatu mense die et loco predictis agebantur

Appendix III

et fiebant, et dum sic ut suprascribuntur agerent et fierent una prenomiaatis testibus personaliter presens interfUi eaque sic fier et audivi aliisque varits officii mei occupatus negociis per alium s feci meque hie subscripsi et publicavi signum eciam meum sentibus apposui consuetum rogatus et rcquisitus ia fidem et monium eoruDdem.

Et ego Johannes dictus de SwafTham clericus Norwicens. publicus auctoritate apostolica notarius premissis omnibus et sin per dictum Reverendum patrem dominum delegatum sive ej torem predictum factis habitis atque gestis et dum sic ut sup recitatur agerentur et fierent una cum discreto viro magistro Ro de Granow notario et testibus supradictis anno domini Indie Pontificatu mense die et loco prescriptis personaliter presens inl eaque sic fieri vidi et audivi et me hie subscripsi ac signum n presentibus apposui consuetum rogatus in testimonium promissc £t constat michi Johanni de SwaSham notario supradicto de i lineacione in verbo " fuisse " quod approbo ego notarius antedict

R<yyal License to found the College. Dated October 6, 6 ^i (A.D. 1382).

RiCARDUs Dei graciS Rex Anglic et Francie et dominus HIb omnibus ad quos presentes Ittere pervenerint salutem. Seiatis de graciS nostri speciali et ad supplicacionem venerabilis in Ci patris Willelmi de Wykeham Episcopi Wynton. concessimi licenciam dedimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris quantum in est dilectis nobis in Christo Priori et Conventui Sancti Swi Wynton. quod ipsi unum mesuagium unam acram terre et dimi et tres acras prati cum pertinenciis in Soka Wynton, juxta civil Winton. ; Et Thome Tanner de Soka Wynton, quod ipse 1 mesuagium cum pertinenciis in eadem Soka ; et Thome Lavyi quod ipse unum mesuagium cum pertinenciis in Soka predict! deprefato Episcopo ut de Episcopatu suo Wynton, tenenturut d dare possint et concedere prefato Episcopo ; Habenda et ter eidem Episcopo et successoribus suis de nobis et heredibus nostri servicia inde debita et consueta inperpetuum ; et quod c Episcopus habits inde plena et pacifica seisina quoddam colle sive quandam domum vel aulam ad honorem et gloriam I> gloriose virginis Marie matris ejus et augmentacionem divini se tam in dictis mesuagiis terra et prato cum pertinenciis et supc quam in aliistribus mesuagiis in dicta SolU juxta dictam civil

44<^ Annals of Winchester College.

Wynton. et super ea, que quidem alia tria mesuagia cum pertineziciis dictus Episcopus jam tenet ut parcellam temporalium EpiscopatOs sui Wynton. fiindare eidemque collegio domui sive aule quoddam certum nomen imponere et tribuere ; et ibidem quemdam Custodem et numerum sexaginta et decern pauperum scolarium studencium in gramatica juxta voluntatem prefati Episcopi et ordinacionem suam in h&c parte faciendam ordinare et stabilire : et tarn dicta tria messua^a unam acram terre et dimidiam et tres acras prati sic adquirenda cum pertinenciis quam dicta alia tria mesuagia cum pertinencib que predictus Episcopus jam tenet dare possit et assignareprefatiscustodi et scolaribus, habenda et tenenda sibi et successoribus suis pro mora et inhabitacione eorundem de predicto Episcopo et ejus successoribus in llberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam imperpetuum. £t pre- fatis Custodi et scolaribus quod ipsi omnia predicta mesuagia terram et pratum cum pertinenciis de predicto Episcopo recipere et tenere pos- sint dictis custodi et scolaribus et eorum successoribus imperpetuum sic ut predictum est tenore presentium similiter licenciam dedimus specia- lem, Statuto de terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam non ponendis edito, seu eo quod ' dicta tria mesuagia una acra terre et dimidia et tres acre prati sic adquirenda de dicto Episcopatu tenentur, seu eo quod dicta alia tria mesuagia cum pertinenciis sunt parcella temporalium Episcopates predicti, qui quidem Episcopatus de nostro patronatu et fundacione progenitorum nostrorum quondam regum Anglie existit, non obstantibus : nolentes quod prefati prior et conventus vel eoruzn successores aut prefati Thomas et Thomas vel eorum heredes seu dictus episcopus vel successores sui aut prefati Gustos et scolares seu eorum successores ratione statuti predict! aut aliquorum aliorum pre- missorum per nos vel heredes nostros seu ministros nostros vel heredum nostrorum quorumcunque inde occasionentur molestentur in aliquo seu graventur. In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium sexto die Octobris anno regni nostri sexto.

IV.

The Founder's Charter. Dated at Southwark, October ao, 138a.

Universis sancte matris ecclesie filiis ad quos presentes litere nos- tre pervenerint Willelmus de Wykeham permissione divina Wynton- iensis episcopus salutem in Eo qui est omnium vera salus. Gloriosis- simus et omnipotens deus noster etemi triumphator imperii qui suk potenciS ineffabili et celestis disposicione consilii nos ab utero matris nostre in banc vallem miserie producere dignatus est miserum atque

* The fact that.

Appendix IV.

441

nudum nos etiam licet immeritos qui nonnunquam ponit humiles in sublimi sua prudencid infallibiii et gracie ubertate amplis ditavit honoribus et ultra condignum ad gradus et dignitates varios sublim- avit. Haec nempe interna meditacione pensantes quoddam collegium perpetuum septuaginta paupenim scolarium clericorum in Theologi^ Canonico et Civili Juribus et in Artibus in Universitate Oxonie studere debencium nuper ereximus ac fundavimus Domino concedente ad laudem gloriam et honorem nominis Crucifixi ac gloriosissime Marie virginis matris sue. Verum quia prout magistra renim experi- encia edocet manifeste grammatica fundamentum janua et origo omnium liberalium artium aliarum existit sine qua artes hujusmodi sciri non possunt nee ad earum prosecutionem quisquam potent per- venire ; Considerantes preterea quod per literarum scienciam justicia colitur et prosperitas humane condicionis augetur quodque nonnulli studentes in scienciis aliis propter defectum bone doctrine sufficientis edam latine in grammatica in deficiendi plerumque incidunt periculum ubi proficiendi posuerant appetitum. Sunt etiam et erunt in posterum ut creditur plerique scolares pauperes disciplinis scolasticis insisten- tes defectum pecuniarum et indigenciam pacientes quibus ad con- tinuandum et proficiendum in arte grammatica supradicta prope non suppetunt facultates nee suppetent in futurum. Hujusmodi scolaribus clericis pauperibus et indigentibus presentibus et futuris ut literarum studio immorari seu vacare ac in facultate et sciencid grammaticali predicts per dei graciam uberius et liberius proRcere valeant et ad sciencias seu artes liberales fiant ut expedit aptiores ad omnium scienciarum facultatum et artium liberalium titulum ampliandum ac studencium et proficiencium in eisdem quantum in nobis est numerum dilatandum de facultatibus et bonis nobis a Deo coUatis sub formS proponimus infrascripta divina nobis assistente clemencia manus nostras apponere adjut rices et caritatis subsidium impartiri.

£a propter nos Willelmus de Wykeham Wintoniensis Episcopus antedictus diversa mesuagia terras et pratum cum pertiiienciis in SokS Wyntonie nostra Wynton. diocesi et prope ipsam civitatem de licenciS Illustrissimi Principis et domini nostri domini Ricardi se- cundi Regis Anglie et Francie adquisivimus nobis et successoribus nostris Episcopis Wynton., videlicet de priore et conventu sancti Swithuni Wynton. unum mesuagium unam acram terre et dimidiam et tres acras prati cum pertinenciis in Soka Wyntonie et juxta civitatem Wyntonie ; De Thoma Tannere de Sok§ Wynton. unum mesuagium cum pertinenciis in eadem Soka; et de Thoma Lavyngton unum mesuagium cum pertinenciis in Soka predicta : In et super quibus tribus mesuagiis terra et prato cum pertinenciis sic per nos ut pre- mittitur adquisitis necnon in et super tribus aliis mesuagiis cum pertinenciis in dicta Soka juxta civitatem Wynton. supradictam que nos ut parcellam temporalium episcopates nostri Wynton. tenemus

44^ Annals of Winchester College,

in nomine summe et individue Trinitatis patris et filii et spiritOs sancti ad laudem gloriam et honorem nominis Cruciibd gloriosissime virginis Marie matris ejus gloriosorumque patrononim ecdesie nostre Wynton. beatorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli beatonimque Birini, Edde, Swithuni et Athelwoldi ejusdem ecclesie Wynton. confessorum et pontificum, sustentacionemque et exaltationem fidei Christiane ecclesieque profectum et honorem cultus divini artiumque scienciarum liberalium et facultatum hujusmodi incrementum gratum per hoc deo obsequium prestare sperantes de licencia et auctoritate sedis apostolice dote per nos primitus assignata juxta formam litera- rum apostolicarum in hac parte concessarum necnon de licencia dicti domini nostri Regis illustrissimi concurrentibusque omnibus aliis et singulis in ea parte de jure seu alias quomodolibet requisitis quoddam collegium perpetuum pauperum scolarium clericorum prope civitatent Wynton. predictam realiter et effectual! ter instituimus fundamus stabilimus ac etiam ordinamus :

Quod quidem collegium consistere volumus imperpetuum atque debet in et de numero septuaginta pauperum et indigencium scolarium clericorum collegialiter vivencium in eodem, studenciumque et pro- fisciscencium in grammaticalibus sive in arte facultate seu sciencia grammatical per del graciam temporibus perpetuis duraturum ; volentesque institucionem fundacionem et ordinacionem dicti nostri coUegii ulterius effectui mancipare magistrum Thomam de Cranle in Theologia Bacalaureum virum providum et discretum in spiritualibus et temporalibus circumspectum ac moribus et sciencia approbatum ejusdem nostri coUegii preficimus in custodem ; septuagintaque pauperes et indigentes scolares clericos in grammaticalibus sive in arte facultate seu sciencia grammatical! studere debentes admittimus ipsosque eidem custodi jungimus ; et in eodem nostro collegio realiter ponimus ac eosdem collegialiter aggregamus, quorum scolarium clericorum nomina in munimentis dicti nostri collegii plenius sunt scripta ; et volentes eidem nostro collegio nomen imponere, prout decet, ipsum Sancte Marie Collegium, vulgariter *Seinte Marie College of Wynchestre/ nominamus ac etiam nuncupamus et illud eodem nomine seu nuncupacione volumus imperpetuum nominari ac etiam nuncupari ;

Archamque sive cistam communem dictis custodi et scolaribus clericis in eodem nostro collegio collegialiter ut premittitur aggregalis damns tradimus ac etiam assignamus ;

Statuimus etiam ordinamus et volumus quod dicti custos et scolares clerici ac alii futuris temporibus loco ipsorum pro perpetuo in eodem nostro collegio assumendi tanquam persone collegiales et collegiate simul conversentur ac in eodem collegialiter stent et vivant ;

Scolares insuper predictos presentes et futuros omnes et singulos ac ceteros oflficiarios et ministros quoscunque eidem nostro collegio

444 Annals of Winchester College.

£t ego Johannes Ware clericus London, dioc. publicus auctoritate apostolica notarius supradicti coUegii septuaginta paupenim scolaiium clericonim prope civitatem Wynton. in grammaticalibus studerc debencium institucioni ac fundacioni prefeccioni nominacioni conces- sioni confirmacioni et reservacioni ceterisque omnibus et singulis que per dictum Reverendum patrem dominum Willelmum dei gracil episcopum Wynton. Anno domini Indiccione pontificatu mense die et loco superius recitatis agebantur et fiebant una cum prenominatis testibus personaliter presens interfui eaque omnia sic fieri vidi et audivi ac de mandato dicti Reverendi patris per alium scribi feci publicavi et in banc publicam formam redigendo presentes quoque literas meis nomine et signo solitis et consuetis signavi rogatos et requisitus in fidem et testimonium omnium premissorum. £t constat etiam michi notario predicto de rasura illius verbi *numero ' in sexta> decima lined presentis instrumenti a capite eiusdem computando ; quam rasuram approbo ego notarius supradictus.

Et ego Johannes dictus de Swaffham clericus Norwic. dioc publicus auctoritate apostolica notarius prefati collegii septuaginta clericorum scolarium prope civitatem Wynton. in grammaticalibus studere de- bencium institucioni ac fundacioni ejusdemque custodis predicti prefeccioni et nominacioni concessioni confirmacioni ac reservacioni ceterisque omnibus et singulis que per dictum reverendum patrem dominum Willelmum de Wykeham dei gracia Episcopum Wynton. Anno domini Indiccione Pontificatu mense die et loco superius recitatis agebantur et fiebant, et dum ipsa sic ut superscribuntur agerentur et fierent una cum discretis viris magistro Johanne Ware notario publico et testibus prenominatis personaliter presens interim eaque omnia et singula sic fieri vidi et audivi ac signum meum me pariter subscribendo presentibus apposui consuetum per dictum reverendum patrem requisitus in fidem et testimonium premissorum. Et constat michi notario antedicto de rasura in verbo 'numero* in sextadecimS linea istius instrumenti ab ipsius caput computando, quam rasuram approbo ego notarius supradictus.

V.

The Prior and Convent of St Swithun to William of Wykeham. Dated October lo, 6 Ric. II (A.D. 1382).

SciANT presentes et futuri quod nos Frater Hugo de Basyngc Prior ecclesie cathedralis sancte Swithuni Wynton. et ejusdem loci conventus dedimus concessimus et hac presenti carta nostra confir- mavimus Venerabili in Christo Patri ac domino domino Willelmo de

Appendix VL 445

Wykeham dei graciS Episcopo Wynton. unum mesuagium unam acram terre et dimidiam et tres acras prati cum pertinenciis in Soksl Wynton. juxta civitatem Wynton. que quidem tres acre prati sunt duo prata vocata Dumeresmede et Oterbumesmede et que quidem mesuagia terra et prata cum pertinenciis jacent et extendunt se inter hospitale sororum ecclesie Sancti Swithuni Wynton. vocatum Sus- trenespitele in Soka Wynton. et gardina et clausuras hominum et tenencium habitancium in vico de Kyngatestrete ex parte occidentali et gardinum et clausuram fratrum Carmelitarum habitancium in eodem vico ex parte austral! ac quandam domum nostram vocatam le Garite que sita est desuper viam regiam et quandam semitam nostram que ducit a dictd domo nostrH vocata le Garite ex parte orientali pro gressu nostro versus manerium nostrum de la Berton : habendum et tenendum predicta mesuagia terram et prata cum per- tinenciis prefato domino episcopo et successoribus suis de domino Rege et heredibus meis per servicia inde debita et consueta imper- petuum. Et nos vero dictus Prior et conventus et successores nostri omnia predicta mesuagium terram et prata cum pertinenciis prefato domino episcopo et successoribus contra omnes gentes warantiza- bimus imperpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium huic present! carte nostre sigillum nostrum commune apposuimus. Dat Wynton. in domo nostra capitular! decimo die mensis Octobris Anno regni Regis Ricard! post conquestum sexto.

VI.

Thomas Tanner to William of Wykeham, Dated October 13,

6 Ric. II (A.D. 1382).

SciANT ' presentes et futuri quod ego Thomas Tannere de Soka Wynton. de licenciS domini Regis dedi concessi et hSc present! carta mea confirmavi Reverendo in Christo fratri ac domino domino Willelmo de Wykeham episcopo Wynton. totum mesuagium meum cum pertinenciis apud le Floudestoke in Soka Wynton. situm inter mesuagium Johannis Oxenford ex parte occidentali et Prioresgaret ex parte orientali et pratum vocatum Dumeresmede ex parte australi: habendum et tenendum totum predictum mesuagium cum omnibus suis pertinenciis prefato episcopo et successoribus suis libere quiete bene et in pace inperpetuum de capitalibus dominis feodi illius per servicia inde debita et de jure consueta. Et ego vero predictus

' This and the next charter are good examples of an ordinary purchase-deed of the 14th century.

44^ ' Annals of Wind

Thomas et heredes mei totum predii et singulis suis pertinenciis predicto contra omnes gentes warantizabimu In eujus rei testimonium huic presei his testibus ; Thoma le Warenner Thoma Lavyngton, Laurencio Bosc Bromle, Johanne Chamberleyn, Joha Soka Wynton. terciodecimo die me Ricardi secundi post conquestum sex

Thomas Lavyngton lo William of j 6Ric.n{A..

SciANT presentes et futuri quod e| Wynton. de liceneia domini Regis de mea confirmavi Reverendo in Ch: Willelmo de Wykeham episcopo W; cum omnibus pertinenciis apud le F habui de dono et feoffamento Antoni ejus situm inter mesuagium Thome mesuagium predictonim Antonii et , gardinum hospitalis sancti Swithun habendum et tenendum totum predi suis pertinenciis prefato Episcopo et bene et in pace imperpetuum de cap servicia inde debita et de jure cor Thomas et heredes mei totum predi et singulis suis pertinenciis predicto contra omnes gentes warantizabimus derendemus. In cujus rei testimonii meum apposui his testibus ; Thoma Soka Wynton., Laurencio Boscham, . Herleston, Ricardo Lyttelton, et aliis decimo die mensis Octob. Anno rej conquestum sexto.

448 Annals of Winchester College.

quidem mesuagiis terrS et pratis cum pertmenciis et super ea quod- dam collegium sive aulam unius custodis et septuaginta pauperam scolarium studencium in grammatica idem Episcopus ordinavit et stabilivit et dicta raesuagia terram et prata cum pertinendis per eandem licenciam eisdem custodi et scolaribus et successoribus suis pro morS et inhabitacione suis imperpetuum habenda dederit et assignaverit ; tenenda de prefato Episcopo et successoribus suis in liberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam absque aliquo alicui inde reddendo imperpetuum ;

Et cum idem Episcopus nuper incluserit intra parcum suum de Famham certa terras tenementa boscum et pasturam cum pertinen- ciis unde viginti solidate et sex denarate redditOs dictis Priori et conventui prout antea debebantiu* :

Eo quia prefatus episcopus precipue situm mansionis coll^^ domus sive aule per ipsum sic fundate liberum esse voluit et ab omni onere absolutum et noluit quod possessiones ecdesie sue sive epi- scopates sui per ipsum aliqualiter minuantur sicut nee racionabiliter hoc deberet affectare ; studensque quomodo dictos redditus et alia proficua serviciaque secundum porcionem que sibi inde ut premittitar contingebat rationabiliter et modo debito poterat compensare petiit eS occasione a dicto domino Rege licenciam quatinus in e& tota caus§ propter prolixitatem materie specialiter in sen non potuit in scripturis, optinuitque quod idem episcopus quatuor mesuagia tria tofta terre quinas acras prati sex acras pasture viginti quatuor acras bosci un- decim solidatas redditfis et redditum unius rose et servicium unius hominis per unum diem in autumpno in Westmeones dare potuisset et assignare dictis Priori et Conventui :

Et quod idem Episcopus concedere potuisset quod duo mesuagia duo tofla sexaginta et duodecim acras terre una acra prati una acra bosci et tres solidate et sex denarate redditOs cum pertinenciis in eSdem villa que Elizabeth Langrysh tenet in dotem post mortem Willelmi atte Halle quondam viri sui et que post mortem ipsius Elizabeth ad prefatum episcopum et heredes suos remanere debe- rent post mortem ipsius Elizabeth prefatis Priori et conventui rema- neant : Habendum et tenendum una cum predictis quatuor mesuagiis tnbus toflis duabus carucatis terre quinque acris prati sex acns pasture viginti quatuor acris bosci undecim solidatis redditQs et red- ditu unius rose et servicio unius hominis per unum diem in autumpno eisdem Priori et Conventui et successoribus suis imperpetuum ad faciendum et inveniendum omnia onera et soluciones juxta ordinacio- nem ipsius Episcopi in hSc parte faciendam imperpetuum ; que qui- dem terre et tenementa cum pertinenciis fuerunt de jure ipsius Episcopi ut de suo perquisito; per quos idem episcopus virtute licencie supradicte dedit concessit et per has cartas indentatas con- firmavit dictis Priori et conventui dicta quatuor mesuagia tria tofla

450 Annals of Winchester College.

In quorum omnium testimonium Reverendus pater dominus Epi- acopus antedictus parti harucn indenturanim penes Priorem et con- ventum predictos ac eorum successores remanent! sigillum suum apposuit, parti vero eanjndem indenturanim penes dictum Reveren- dum patrem ipsiusque successores remanent! Prior et convenlus predict! sigillum eorum commune similiter apposuerunt

Data Wynton. in domo capitulari ecdesie cathedralis predicte quintodecimo die mensis Junii anno regni Regis Ricardi secundi post conquestum sexto.

Royal License to acquire Property of Ike seguestraUd alien Priories to the value of 200 marks per annum. Dated June 16, 12 Ric. II {A.D. 1389).

RiCARDUS Dei graci§ Rex AngHe et Francie et dominus Hibemie Omnibus ad quos presentes litere pervenerint salutem. Sciatis quod cum venerabilis pater Wiltelmus de Wykeham Episcopus Wynto- niensis unum Collegium in SokS Wynton. juxta civitatem Wynton. vocatum ' Seinte Marie College of Wynchestre ' de quodam custode et septuaginta pauperibus scolaribus studencibus in grammatica de licenciS nostra fundaverit perpetuis temporibus duratunim: Nos considerantes fructum multipUcem qui ez literarum sciencia ad Dd laudem et humane condicionis prosperitatem pervenit et aecrescit ac pie devocionis affectum quern idem Episcopus ad gloriam et honorem nominis Crucifixi ac gloriossisime Virginis matris ejus sustentacionem et eialtacionem christiane fidei ecdesie Sancte Dei profectum cultils divini omniumque arcium liberalium sciencianim et facultatum aog- mentum, et presertim ad tocius ecdesie regnique nostri Anglic clerique eiusdem perpetuum fulcimenttun in fundaclone predict] collegii habere dinoscitur et merito comprobatur: ac sane nostris oculis intuentes quod pro salubri statu nostro ac carissime consortis nostre Anne Regine Angl. dum egerimus in humanis et pro animabus nostris cum ab hac luce migraverimus pro animabus quoque digne recolende memorie domini £. nuper regis Anglie avi nostri Philippe nuper Regine Anglie consortis sueet domini Edvardi eorum primo- geniti patris nostri quorum memoria dignis in domino laudibus est omnibus seculis merito recolenda altorumque progenitorum nostro- rum in eodem colkgio ez special! ordinacione ac statuto ipsius Episcopi et plura ordinum suflragia cotidie specialiter celebrantur et imperpetuum deo dante erunt celebrata ; Attendentes preterea eius- dem Episcopi probitatis preclara merita ac obsequia fnictuosa que Ipse a juvenili etate tarn avo et patri nostris predictis dum vizerant

45* Annals of Winchester College.

spiritualium ecclesiarum appropriatanim hundredorum visuum fran- ciplegii franchesiarum libertatum privilegionim warennonim piscari- orum pasturarum et communarum sive ad firmain dimissa fuerint sive non : et non obstante statuto de terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam non ponendis edito sen alio statuto ordinacione vel causa quacunque : et quod dicti custos et scolares et eorum successores post adquisiciones huiusmodi per ipsos factas quieti sint et exonerati imperpetuum de omnimodis redditibus firmis pensionibus annualibus corrodiis solucionibus et aliis omnibus quibuscunque nobis aut heredibus nostris quoquo modo inde debitis sive pertinentibus aut reservatis vel reservandis modo quocunque.

In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium sextodecimo die Junii anno regno nostri duodecimo.

X.

Charter of Privileges, Dated Sept. 28, 19 Ric, II

{A.D. 1395).

RiCARDUS dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et dominus Hibemie archiepiscopis episcopis abbatibus prioribus ducibus comitibus baro- nibus justiciariis vicecomitibus prepositis ministris et omnibus ballivis et fidelibus suis salutem. Sciatis quod cum venerabilis in Christo pater Willelmus de Wykeham episcopus Wyntoniensis caritatis etde- vocionis fervore succensus quoddam collegium unius custodis et septuaginta scolarium grammaticam addiscentium in Soka Wynton. juxta Wynton., ' Seinte Marie College of Wynchestre ' juxta Wynton. vulgariter nuncupatum nostra mediante licenciS de novo jam funda- vent, et collegium illud pro sustentacione custodis et scolarium loci illius et decem capellanorum perpetuorum trium capeUanorum con- ducticiorum triumque clericorum ibidem ac supportacione onerum eidem incumbencium quibusdam possessionibus spiritualibus et tern- poralibus dotaverit, eisdemque custodi scolaribus et capellanis et successoribus suis ac collegio predicto terras tenementa ac posses- siones ampliora dare concedere et assignare regiS licencia optenta disposuerit Domino concedente ; Nos ad fructum multiplicem quern persone literarum studiis insistentes in augmentum divini cultQs et fidei catholice ac utilitatem tam rei publice quam private multipliciter producere dinoscuntur oculos nostre mentis prout decet regiam mag- nificentiam pie dirigentes ; cupientesque laudabile propositum ipsius episcopi in hac parte ex favore regio felidterpromovere ; et ut oporis tam perfecti meritis participemur et premiis ex mero motu nostro ad laudem Dei ac gloriose Virginis Marie matris eius in cuius honore

Appendix X. 453

predictum coUegium fundatur ; de gracia nostra speciali ac ob affec- cionem persone ipsius Episcopi quiaobsequia fnictuosa nobis et regno nostro a longo tempore non absque sumptuosis et indefessis laboribus soi corporis maximo detrimento vehementi diiigencia solerter et fideliter impendit, Volentes collegium predictum ad utilitatem et decorem eiusdem ac tranquillitatem et quietem custodis scolarium et capellanonim eiusdem loci et successorum suorum oportunis ful- ciri presidiis ac libertatibus et immunitatibus communiri, concessimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris et hac cartH nostrS confirmavimus Custodi scolaribus et capellanis predicti collegii vocati ' Seinte Marie College of Wynchestre ' juxta Wynton. quod ipsi et eorum succes- sores et omnes homines et tenentes sui quieti sint imperpetuum de theolonio panagio pontagio cariagio muragio passagio paiagio lastagio stallagio taillagio pesagio picagio terragio scotto et geldo hidagio scutagio et de operacionibus castrorum parcorum et poncium clausuris fecturis reparacionibus et emendacionibus, domuum regalium edifica- clone, necnon de sectis comitatuum hundredorum et wapentachiorum et de omnimodis auxiliis regum ac vicecomitum et ballivorum suorum ; et de visu franciplegii ; ac de murdro et de communi misericordiS quando contigerit comitatus coram nobis vel aliquibus justiciariis nostris vel heredum nostrorum de banco vel itinerantibus in miseri- cordiam nostram incidere ; et de omni alia consuetudine per totum regnum et potestatem nostram.

Concessimus insuper pro nobis et heredibus nostris prefatis Cus- todi scolaribus et capellanis quod ipsi sint quieti imperpetuum de omnibus et omnimodis auxiliis subsidiis contribucionibus quotis et tallagiis que ab ipsis racione terrarum tenementorum et reddituum aut bonorum et catallorum suorum que nunc habent et ex nunc sunt habituri per nos vel heredes nostros aut ballivos seu ministros nostros vel heredum nostrorum quoscunque ad opus nostrum vel ipsorum heredum nostrorum exigi deberent seu poterunt in futuro. Et quod quandocunque clerus regni nostri Anglie aut Cantuariensis pro- vincie per se vel Eboracensis provincie per se decimam subsidium seu aliam quotam quamcunque de bonis suis spiritualibus et eccle- siasticis, vel communitates comitatuum regni nostri aut cives seu burgenses civitatum et burgorum dictorum comitatuum ipsius regni decimam quintamdecimam subsidium seu aliam quotam quamcunque de bonis suis temporalibus seu mobilibus aut de terris tenementis seu redditibus suis nobis vel heredibus nostris qualitercunque conces- serint ; seu nos vel heredes nostri dominica nostra per Angliam fecerimus talliari ; aut dominus summus pontifex qui pro tempore fuit decimam subsidium et imposicionem seu quotam aliam clero regni predicti aut Cantuariensis vel Eboracensis provinciarum predictarum imposuerit vel fecerit, et eam vel aliquam partem eiusdem nobis vel heredibus nostris concesserit ; terre tenementa redditus ac bona et

454 Annals of Winchester College.

catalla ipsorum custodis scolarium et capellanonim et successorum suorum quecunque ad opus nostrum vel heredum nostronim non taxentur nee aliquid de decimis quintidecimis subsidiis imposicionibus aut aliis quotis seu tallagiis predictis quoquo modo ad opus nostrum vel heredum nostronim levetur ; nee iidem custos seolares et capel- lani vel eorum successores in terns tenementis redditibus et posses- sionibus seu bonis suis predietis hiis oecasionibus distringantur molestentur in aliquo seu graventur ; sed de decimis quintidecimis subsidiis imposicionibus ac aliis quotis et tallagiis huiusmodi imper- petuum sint quieti.

Concessimus insuper pro nobis et heredibus nostris et hac carta nostra confirmavimus prefatis custodi seolaribus et capellanis quod ipsi et successores sui imperpetuum habeant et teneant collegium predictum ac omnes domos et edificia que ibidem jam habent et ex nunc ipsos habere continget libera et quieta de liberacione tarn seneschallorum marescallorum et aliorum ministrorum nostronim et heredum nostronim quam marescallorum emptonim provisorum et ministrorum magnatum regni nostri et aliorum quorumcunque.

Ita quod senescalli marescalli et alii ministri nostri vel • heredum nostronim seu magnatum aut aliorum predictorum quorumcunque in eisdem alicubi liberacionem aliquam ad opus nostrum vel heredum nostronim seu alicuius alterius non faciant quovis modo. £t quod nullus comes baro seu magnas dicti regni aut aliunde vel senescalli marescalli seu escaetores vicecomites coronatores aut alii ballivi seu ministri nostri vel heredum nostronim seu ballivi et ministri eorun- dem escaetorum vicecomitum et coronatorum aut aliorum quorum- cunque seu quivis alius cuiuscunque statOs vel condicionis fuerit colore aliquo in eisdem aut inhospitentur vel morentur : et ne bona et catalla coUegii predicti que Custos seolares et capellani loci illius jam habent vel ipsi aut successores sui sunt deeetero habituri per provisores emptores seu captores victualium aut aliarum renim pro hospicio nostro vel heredum nostronim seu aliorum quorumcunque capiantur vel dissipentur dictum collegium ac custodem seolares et eapellanos eiusdem loci qui pro tempore fuerint necnon terras tene- menta redditus et possessiones eisdem eollegio custodi seolaribus et capellanis jam coUata et ex nunc eisdem vel successoribus dietorum custodis scolarium et capellanonim conferenda danda et assignanda ac bona et catalla coUegii illius ubicunque existencia in nostram pro- teceionem suscepimus specialem :

Volentes et concedentes pro nobis et heredibus nostris quod de bladis fenis equis careetis canagiis victualibus aut aliis bonis catallis seu rebus ipsius eollegii aut predictorum custodis scolarium et ciq>el- lanorum vel successorum suorum seu hominum serviencium vd ministrorum suorum ad opus nostrum vel heredum nostronim aut aliorum quoruncunque contra voluntatem eorundcm custodis scola*

Appendix XI. 455

successontm vel hominum serviencium aut ■rovisores seu emptores vel captores hujus- 1 ministros nostros vel heredum nostrorum [ue alterius quidquam minime capiatur ab- lortetur.

i pro nobis et heredibus nostris prefatis [anis quod ipsi seu successores sui ad pen- stentacionem aliquam alicui de donio sua :enementis redditibus posse ssioni bus seu I mandata nostra aut heredum nostrorum ministranda seu invenienda nuUatenus lodolibet compellantur, sed de pensionibus js ac aliis oneribus hujusmodi imperpctuum

er precipimus pro nobis et heredibus nos- scolares et capeilani omnes et singulares pradictas habeant et teneant sibi et succes- aere et pacifice gaudeanC et utantur imper- il.

bus patribus W. Cantuar. ' tocius Anglie glie primate cancellario nostro, archiepi- ;icest.', Tid. Wygorn. °, E. Eson,', custode icopis ; Edmundo duce Ebor,' avunculo lie', Johanne de Holond' Huntyngdonie, Mowbray, Notynghamie, et marescallo la de Percy, senescallo hospicii nostri, et

m apud Westmonasterium vicesimo octavo . nostri decimo nono.

dividue Trinitatis Patris et Filii el SpiritQs ; Marie Virginia gloriose omniumque sane- de Wykeham permissione Divinil Wyn-

• Thomas Fitialan de AnindeL ■ Richard Mitford.

• Edmund Stufibrd.

Dt Cambridge, created Duke of York in 1385.

of York.

ig's half-brother, created Earl of Huntingdon in

45^ Annals of Winchester College.

toniensis Epus de summi renim opificis bonitate confisi qui vota cunctorum in eo fidencium cognoscit, dirigit, et disponit de bonis fortune que nobis in hac vita de sue plenitudinis gracia tribuit habundanter duo perpetua Collegia, unum videlicet Collegium per* petuum pauperum et indigencium scholarium clericorum in studio Universitatis Oxonie Lincolniens. dioc. in diversis scienciis et facul- tatibus studere ac proficere debencium * Seinte Marie College of Wynchestre in Oxenford ' vulgariter nuncupatum ; et quoddam aliud Collegium perpetuum aliorum pauperum et indigencium scolarium clericorum gramaticam addiscere debencium prope Civitatem Wyn- ton. * Seinte Marie College of Wynchestre' similiter nuncupatum ad laudem gloriam et honorem Nominis Crucifixi ac gloriosissime Marie matris eius sustentacionem et exaltacionem fidei Xtiane ecclesie sancte profectum divini culttls liberaliumque artium scien- ciarum et facultatum augmentum Auctoritate regia ordinavimus, in- stituimus, fundavimus, et stabilivimus, prout in cartis et litteris nostris patentibus super ordinacionibus institucionibus ac fiinda- cionibus Collegiorum ipsorum confectis pleniils continetur. Unde nos volentes aliqua que in presenti nostre occumint memorie sta- tuere ac eciam ordinare que dicto nostro Collegio prope civitatem Wyntonie scolaribus clericis presbiteris [>erpetuis et personis aliis ac possessionibus et bonis eiusdem Collegii, necnon salubri regi- mini eorundem necessaria et utilia reputamus, et que doctrinam incrementum et profectum ipsorum respicere dinoscuntur, Christi nomine primittis invocato, ad futuram et perpetuam rei memoriam ad ea procedimus in hunc modum.

I. De totali numero scolarium clericorum presbiterorum et

PERSONARUM ALIARUM DICTI CoLLEGII PROPE WiNTONIAM.

In primis siquidem statuimus ordinamus et volumus dictum nos- trum Collegium prope civitatem Wyntonie in et de numero unius custodis, qui omnibus eiusdem CoUegii personis, possessionibus, rebus, et bonis ipsius secundum ordinaciones et statuta nostra infrascripta premineat, atque presit, septuagintaque pauperum et indigencium scolarium gramaticali sciencie intendere debencium, decem presbiterorum sociorum perpetuorum, triumque capellano- rum et trium clericorum conducticiorum et remotivorum, ac sex- decim puerorum choristarum capelle died Collegii in divinis officiis servire debencium ; unius eciam magistri informatoris in gramatica, ac unius alterius instructoris sub eo, ' hostiarii ' scolarium vulgariter nuncupandi, circa informacionem, instructionem, et erudicionem dictorum scolarium assidue et diligenter vacare et intendere de- bencium, conducticiorum et eciam remotivorum, semper subsistere debere, et, dco propicio, perpetuis futuris temporibus permanere.

it volumua, quod In 1 dictum nostrum ( :r et ante alios quosc nitate nostra et gen i seu moram traxt icuICate qualibct, in t eorum sustentacione itorum nostrorum ii idmittantur ; quodqu um prope Wynton: tes, bonis moribus i :t conversacione hoi competenter instn prope Wynton iam compleverit, vel du septimumdecimum i i fuerit inrormatus, um completum jut rit expediri, nostri; preterea, quod pos entes scolares dc li lales et temporales egii Oxonie existant s seriatim de com E^ssex, Midd., Dorset is partibuB quibusci ondiciones et quallt onei reperti fuerint, liam eligantur et eci u^s dicti nostri Colli tes tonsuram deferar sionis primam tons m recipiendam infr mus et astriogi, sub j |io supradicto, nostri mnum existentibus d ic sequentem prima entes tamen quod a Ltilacionem membroi corporal em vel aliun n redditur omnino in

Bve spent their time.'

458 Annals of Winchester College.

ordines suscipiendos, in dictum nostrum Collegium prope Wyntoniam quomodolibet admittatur. Ordinantes insuper, quod nullus habeas terras, tenementa, vel alias possessiones, spirituales vel temporales, quorum proventus quinque marcanira sterlingorum valorem annuum excesserint, in ipsum Collegium prope Wyntoniam eligatur, consan- guineis nostris duntaxat exceptis, quos in dictum Collegium prope Wyntoniam a septimo etatis sue anno usque ad vicesimum quintum etatis sue annum completum, eciam si possessiones habeant ad va- lorem annuum viginti marcarum supportatis oneribus * recipi volu- mus et admitti. Quibus quidem nostris consanguineis tempore receptionis eonuidem in lectura, piano cantu, et antiquo Donato, nullo modo aut non competenter informatis unum de presbyteris capelle vel alium clericum vel scolarem Collegii predicti ad hoc ydoneum et suffidentem per custodem eiusdem, vel ipso absente, per vicecustodem ad instruendum eosdem in lectura, piano cantu, et antiquo Donato, volumus assignari, quousque competenter fue- rint instructi in eisdem. Consanguineis vero nostris gramatice in- tendentibus quocunque tempore seu etate in dictum Collegium recepti fuerint vel admissi, unum de scolaribus provectioribus et discretioribus eiusdem Collegii ad eis superintendendum et instru- endum eosdem in gramatica sub magistro informatore predicti Collegii, pro toto tempore quo steterint in eodem, per custodem et magistrum informatorem predictos volumus assignari, pro me- liori et celeriori expeditione eorundem. Cuilibet vero instructorum huiusmodi sex solidi et octo denarii pro quolibet consanguineorum predictorum annuatim persolvantur de bonis communibus Collegii supradicti. Cuilibet eciam dictorum consanguineorum nostrorum pos- sessiones aut redditus spirituales aut temporales ultr^ valorem anniun c solidorum non habenti de bonis ipsius Collegii communibus de vestitu laneo et lineo, lectis, calceamentis, et omnibus aliis eorum necessariis juxtii discrecionem custodis Collegii predicti sufficienter volumus pro- videri. Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod scolares predicti omnes et singuli nostris consanguineis duntaxat exceptis (quos quidem consanguineos usque ad vicesimum quintum etatis sue annum com- pletum stare permittimus in nostro CoUegio supradicto), cum de- cimum octavum etatis sue annum compleverint, sive expediti fuerint in gramatica sive non, a dicto nostro Collegio prope Wyntoniam pro perpetuo expellantur, nisi forte eorum aliquis ad Collegium nos- trum Oxonie pro numero ibidem supplendo fuerit nominatus, et in indenturis de quibus in proximo statuto fit mencio scriptusexistat^ tunc vero scolarem huiusmodi quemcunque sic nominatum ac scriptum usque ad decimum novum etatis sue annum completum, et non ultra, stare permittimus in Collegio nostro prope Wyntoniam supradicto.

* Clear of outgoings.

Appendix XL

459

III. De Eleccione Scolarium in Collegium nostrum prope Wyn-

TONIAM FACIENdA TEMPORE SUPERVISIONIS EIUSDEM.

Item cum inter alias CoUegii nostri Oxonie ordinaciones et statuta sub rubricH de tempore et mode supervisionis et scrutinii fiendis in Collegio prope Wyntoniam et formS eleccionis scolarium de eodem ad Collegium Oxonie statuerimus ac eciam ordinaverimus sub hfic forms — * Item statuimus ordinamus et volumus quod singulis annis inter septimum diem mensis Julii * et primum diem mensis Octobris proximo tunc sequentem custos Collegii nostri Oxonie et unus de discretioribus sociis eiusdem Collegii gradu magistrates in facultate philosophic seu in theologia graduatus et unus alius gradu doctoratCs aut baccallaureatds in facultate juris civilis aut canonici, per custo- dem, vicecustodem, quinque decanos, tres bursarios, et quinque alios dicti Collegii seniores, quorum quinque seniorum unus civilista et alius canonista existat, concordanter eligendi, vel ipso custode legitime aut rationabiliter impedito ipsius Collegii vicecustos et duo socii electi predicti sumptibus Collegii Oxonie accedant ad Collegium nostrum prope Wyntoniam, sic quod numerum vj equorum non ex- cedanty et ibidem super regimine ipsius Collegii, custodis, ac magis- tri in gramatic§ informatoris, hostiarii sub ipso, scolarium et aliarum personarum degencium in eodem ac super informacione, doctrina, et profectu scolastico scolarium ipsius Collegii, et qualiter in victualibus providetur eisdem, ac super aliis articulis in statutis eiusdem Collegii Wyntoniam diligenter inquirant et scrutinium faciant, corrigenda et reformanda eciam in eodem juxt^ prefata statuta et secundum quod pro utilitate, honore, honestate, ac felici regimine prefati Collegii prope Wyntoniam et personarum eiusdem melius viderint expedire cor- rigant et reforment. Et si forsan aliqua ibidem invenerint corrigenda que absque gravi incommodo per se corrigere non poterint aut debite reformare^ ea quam cito ad id obtulerit se facultas, infr^ mensem proximo sequentem domino Wyntoniensi episcopo qui pro tempore fuerity vel eius vicario in spiritualibus generali, aut sede vacante cus- todi spiritualitatis episcopates eiusdem, denuncient per ipsorum aliquem corrigenda et debits reformanda et pro reformacione, cor- reccione, et punicione debitis eorundem diligenter insistant et persequantur eciam juxta posse quorum omnium consciencias in h§c parte apud Altissimum artius oneramus. Volentes preterea quod dictus custos Collegii Oxonie, vel in absencia ipsius vicecustos, per litteras suas sigillatas et certum eorum nuncium litteras huiusmodi deferentem premuniat in Collegio prope Wyntoniam, et non alibi, cus- :odem, si presens fuerit, et magistrum informatorem Collegii nostri prope Wyntoniam, aut ipso custode absente vicecustodem et magistrum

* Statutes of New College, Rubric III. The words there are *Inter festum Translacionis Sancti Thome Martyris * which was celebrated on July 7th.

\

460 Annals of Winchester College.

predictum de die quo in eodcm CoU^o premissa facere et exercere vel ad eieccionem de qui inferius 6t mendo procedere voluerit, per septem hebdomadas antequam Wyntoniam preveniat pro eisdem ; quibusquidemlitterispremunicionis per eosdentreceptis, idem custos vel vicecustos et magister informator prefa&im custodem vel vice- custodem Collegii Oxonie de die recepcionis literarum huiusraodi per eundem nuncium Utteratori^ certificent indilat^ Et ut scolarea dicti Collegii prope Wyntoniam, necnon illi qui priQs scolares fuerint in eodem tempore elecdonis predict^ personaliter valeant interesse examinacionem in hac parte subituri, eos de tempore eleccionb huius- modi per custodem vel vicecustodem et magistrum informatorem predictos per cedulas' in duabus majoribus portis et valvis capelle dicti Collegii borealibus aflSgendas iairk duos dies a die recepdonis titteranim predictarum continue numerandos volumus premuniri. Quo quidem supervisionis et scrutinii tempore volumus, quod si totalis numerus scolarium et socionim in dicto Collegia nostro Oxonie nostria statutis limitatus in uno, duobu3 aut pluribus eciam quotcunque fueril diminutus, tunc supervisores predicti und cum custode, vicecus- tode, et magistro informatore scolarium eiusdem Collegii prope Wyn* toniamstatim post supervisionem et scmtinium supradicta pauperes scolares de dicto Collegii nostro prope Wyntoniam, et si opus fuerit, alios qui prius fuerant in eodem, diligenteret fideliter examment super aufJiciencia litterature in gramatic§ condicionibns moribus ac quali- tatibus superius recitatis. Qu4 examtnacione sic facta et habilitate sufliciencidque ipsorum scolarium in premissis omnibus et singulis per communcm consensum dictorum examinancium approbatis, dc ipsis Ecolaribus magis ydoncos tot eltgant dicti examinantes ad dictum Collegium nostrum Oxonie, quot possunt supplere deficientem numerum in eodem, secundum ordinem personarum et loconun, modumque et formam in proximo precedent! statuto plenitis recitatos, et eisdem in omnibus observatis. Volentes et eciam statuentes quod prerati socii dicti Collegii nostri Oxonie pro supervisione et elecdone predictis, ut premittitur, eligendi, postquam electi fuerint, in presentia ipsorum eligencium, quod omnia et singula superiCis et in statuto dc elecdone Scolarium in Collegium nostrum prope Wyntoniam fadenda redtata, odio et favore, invidiS et timore, prece et predo postposiiis quibuscunque, quatenus ad ipsos pertinet fideliter facient et diligenter eciam exercebunt, tactis et inspectis per ipsos sacrosanctis Evan- geliis, preslent corporaliter juramentum. Quodque custos Collegii nostri prope Wyntoniam, aut ipsius vicecustos, et prefatus magister in gramatic& informator, antequam ad examinadones et eleccioues huiusmodi procedatur, in presenciS custodis Collegii nostri Oxonie et sodorum predictorum aut, ipso custode absente, vicecustodis et socionim eorundem, tactis et inspectis per ipsos sacrosanctis £van- ' Notices.

!>pendix XL 461

imentum. £t ut totalis numerus scola-

citiCis et facilitis impleatur ac semper :rvetur, statuirans, ordinamus, et volumus, edicts dtrjl numenint ad Collegium nos- res de scolaribus ipsius Collegii prope . fuerint in eodem reperiantur habiles et 3xonie, si opus esset, merito digendi et

Collegium Ozonie nominentur; et de jmnium scolarium eorundem inter cus- e et socios electos et juratos predictos, nter vicecustodem eiusdem Collegii et :t custodem CoUegii nostri prope Wyn- igistrum informatorem eiusdem ex parte idmfiaiitmutuo indenture. I ta videlicet, lina eo ordine in dictis indenturis scri-

reperiuntur in ezaminacione predict^ iones et qualitates supr^ in statuto Drsan ante tempus supervisionis inibi dicti Collegii nostri Oxonie minui 1 custodis vel vicecustodis eiusdem igistro informatori Collegii nostri prope

et magistro eidem, per eorum litteras ;s a tempore diminucioois numeri predict! ; personia eisdem numerus sic deficiens joterit et debeat impleri. Quas quidem onem scolarium et indenturas singulis eri volumus, quamvis totalis numerus ^ nostri Oxonie tempore examinacionis s. Dictis vero litteris intimacionis per allegiinostri prope Wyntoniam etmagis- n receptis iidem custos seu vicecustos s indenturis nominatos ordine illo quo iperstites existant, et laborare valeant, :tis indenturis nominatos eciam eodem indenturis predictis infrd unum diem a >sque dolo et fraude seu malo ingenio per luniant, quod infrik octo dies proximo L nostrum Oxonie, ut inibi admittantur, mque personaliter accedant, iidemque agister prefatis custodi seu vicecustodi teras nomina et cognomina scolarium pro quibns eis scriptum fuerat, in casu lue missionis sue continentes distinct^ sras per scolares eosdem transmittentes, linatos necnon et scolares alios tempore

46a Annals of IVmchester College.

supervisionis predicte, ut premittitur, electos, cum ad dictum Col- legium Oxonie accesserint, custos et socii eiusdem Collegii, seu in ipsius custodis absencia, vicecustos et iidem socii, primo die adventfls eorum, vel in crastino ad ultimtim, in virtute juramenti dicto Cotlegio Oxonie per eos prestiti in scolares ipsius CoUegii Oxonie ad annos probationis admittere debeant et eciam teneantur, St^uto de pre- rogative consanguineorum super iCis edito in omnibus semper salvo, hoc quoque proviso, quod de nominatis huiusmodi veniendbus ad Collegium Oxonie illi primo admittantur, qui in indenturis et litteris responaivis huiusmodi prima scripti fuerint et eciam nominatL Quo insuper supervisionis tempore alii pueri et choriste capelle ibidem in lectura piano cantu et antiquo Donato competenter instruct! et infra etatem nostris statutis limitatam constituti per dictos examinatores et supervisores examinentur, et qui habiles et ydonei reperti fuerint eligantur, de quibus numerus scolarium ibidem tunc deficiens im- pleatur, ceterorumque pueronim sic, ut prefertur, instructorum et examinatorum nomina etcognominain indenturis predictisscribantur, quos ordine iJlo, quo in indenturis scripti et nominati fuerint, in dic- tum Collegium prope Wyntoniam per custodem vel in ipsius absencid vicecustodem et magistrum informatorem predictos recipi volumus loco scolarium ad Collegium nostrum Oxonie, ut premittitur, mit- tendorum deccdentium seu alias recedentium ab eodem. Et si forsan numerus septuaginta sociorum vel scolarium in Collegio Oxonie limitatus per sex vel plures ante primum diem mensis Maii prozimft tunc sequentem fiierit diminutus et per nominatos in dictia indenturis nequeat adimpleri, statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus quod tunc custos Collegii nostri Oxonie ac duo socii eiusdem Collegii in hoc casu forms que premittitur electi et eciam jurad, vel ipsa custode absente seu ali^ impedito vicecustos et socii predicti ad Collegium nostrum prope Wyntoniam accedant pro eleccione et nominacionc scolarium faciendis ad numerum scolarium Collegii Oxonie defi- dentem supplendum modo et forma superiiis limitads, facta primitCis quindecim dienim premunicione per dictum custodem Collegii nostri Oxonie, vel in absencia sua per vicecustodem eiusdem, per litteras suas custodi vel vicecustodi Collegii nostri prope Wyntoniam de die adventOs eorundcm ad Wyntoniam et eleccionis tempore memorato. Sic quod ante finem mensis Maii predicti totalis numerus scolarium Collegii nostri Oxonie effectualiter et realiter impieatur. Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod quocienscunque aliqua elecdo pauperum scolarium clericorum ad Collegium nostrum Oxonie de personis qui- buscunque eligendis immineat facienda, ipsa elecdo omnino fiat in prefato Collegio nostro prope Wyntoniam modo et formft superiiis recitatis et non alibi quovis modo : Quodque nullus cuiuscunque statfls fuerit condicionb vel generis aliter vel alio modo eligatur, recipiatur, assumatur, aut ibidem moretur tanquam scolaris aut

Appendix XI.

socius nee quicquam percipiat de dicto nostro Collegio Ox< modo quocunque exquisito titulo vel colore. Nos premissa < singula in huiusmodi ordinacione et statuto contenta. a cu sociis prefati nostri CoUegii prope Wyntomam quatenus eosdeti Dunt precipimus et statuimus per ipaos inviolabiliter observ eisdem adjiciendo statuimus et ordinamus quod prefati sec Collegium nostrum prope Wyntoniam loco scolarium ad Ci nostrum Oxonie mittendorum seu in Collegionostro prope Wj decedencium3eualJ^recedenciumabeodem,utpremittiCur,ad quam citius fieri potent infra octo dies a tempore missionis, d vel recessfls scolarium predictorum continue numerandos, si p fiierint, recipiantur et eciam admittantur sine difScullate quj prerogative consanguineorum et ordine locorum predictis in i semper salvis. Et ne bona dicti nostri Collegii circa persons modi que litteramm studio ad profectum scolasticum et divii augmentum insistere non intendunt contra nostre intenciooi: situm, ac in cxclusionem seu retardacioncm aliorum proficere cium inefBcaciter expendantur, statuimus, ordinamus, et ■ quod quilibet scolaris in Collegium nostrum Oxonie ad ani bacionis admittendus, antequam admittaCur, juret quod pro intendit firmiter per quinquennium ad minus in dicto Collegic permanere insistendo per idem tcmpus ibidem studio litl £t si conting^ eorum aliquem ex Collegio prcdicto infra qoinquenntum finaliter recedere, preterquam in casibus in nostris limitatis seu absque alia causa rationabili necessarij ficienti percustodem vicecustodemdecanosbursarios etsex al dem Collegii seniores et discretiores, quorum duo juriste i adprobanda, pro comunis emolumentis et proficuis aliis qui que a dicto nostro Collegio per eum et nomine pro recepti Collegio satisfaeere debeat realiter et eciam teneatur. On insuper quod custos Collegii nostri Oxonie et socii supradicti ( Collegium nostrum prope Wyntoniam pro eleccionibus et alii dictis et exinde et dcinde ad Collegium Oxonie sumptibus i Collegii Oxonie, stando vero et commorando apud Collegium : prop>e Wyntoniam pro eisdem negociis, expensis eiusdem prope Wyntoniam eiistant.

IV. Quid ebit, quando eligentes in eleccionibus discoi

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod si exam predictl in eleccione aliqu^ seu admissione scolarium in C( nostrum Oxonie seu prope Wyntoniam facienda super apprt habilitatis et sufficiencie scolarium hujusmodi inter se disco in his infra tempus unius diei consentire nequcant quovismo ille et illi habeantur in moribus aliisque prenotatis probati

464 Annals of Winchester College.

et electi, in quern vel quos maior pars ipsorum ezaminancium c<»i- senselit in hac parte. £t cum prefata duo nostra Collegia^ licet lods situata diversis, ex una stirpe prodeant, originaliterque ab uno fonte procedant, in substancia eciam non discrepent, quorum naturaliter non est diversus effectus, convenit, congruit, expedit, atque decet, ut que cognacione vicinS congaudent, unius eiusdemque nominis seu vocabuli titulo presignantur, quociens opus fuerit mutuis se prose- quantur suffragiis et favoribus sibi invicem subveniant oportunis. Idcirco statuimus, ordinamus et volumus quod in actionibus, litibus, causis, et controversiis^ in quibuscunque curiis et locis, coram qui- buscunque judicibus, ecclesiasticis vel secularibus, aut aliis amicabili- bus compositoribus per CoUegiorum dictorum custodes, vel eorum alterum, seu contra eosdem custodes, vel eorum alterum, occasione bonorum, possessionum, aut jurium spiritualium vel temporalium seu rerum mobilium et immobilium ad dicta Collegia vel ipsorum altenim spectancium motis seu movendis in sanis consiliis auxiliis et favoribus oportunis ipsa Collegia se invicem preveniant et mutuis subvendonibus ac patrociniis sibi succurrant, custodesque, socii, et scolares omnes et singuli CoUegiorum ipsorum presentes et futuri ad favores consilia et auxilia huiusmodi, sicut et prout ac quociens opus fuerit, cum super hiis congni^ requisiti fuerint, alterutrum impendendapresentis nostreordi- nacionis et statuti vigore artius obligati existant, et in virtute prestandi sive prestiti per eosdem dictisColIegiisjuramenti efficaciterteneantur. Sicque gaudeant se mutua defensione munitos, quos in origine idemp- titas, in numero paritas, in nominibus equalitas, et annuente Domino mutue ac perpetue caritatis integritas conformiter decorarunt. Nolentes quod aliquis de Collegiis predictis pretextu alicuius presidii seu impensi favoris in casibus huiusmodi quicquam preter expensas racionabiles et necessarias exigat quovismodo. Ordinantes preterea, quod custodes, socii, et scolares utriusque nostri CoUegii supradicti ordinaciones et statuta integra alterutrius Collegii per nos edita et edenda^ penes se alterutrum habeant nostro sigillata sigiUo, que omnia et singula iidem custodes socii et scolares omnes et singuli, quatenus ipsa ordinaciones et statuta eos communiter vel divisim seu singulariter concernunt, inviolabiliter imperpetuum observare artius teneantur et debeant, et ad ea, sicut premittitur, observanda tarn custodes quam eciam omnes et singulos dictorum CoUegiorum socios et scolares artari volumus sub ipsorum debito juramentL

V. De juramento scolarium Collegii prope Wyntoniam statim

POST QUINTUMDECIMUM ANNUM COMPLETUM PRESTANDO.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus quod scolaris quilibet in Collegium nostrum prope Wyntoniam admissus statim postquam deci-

^ Wykeham then did not regard this as the final edition of his Statutes.

\

Appendix XL 465

mum sextum etatis sue annum attigerit^ in presencia custodis, vicecustodls, et socionim presbiterorum dicti Collegii, tactis per ipsum corporaliter sacrosanctis Evangeliis, juret publice et personaliter sub hac forms — * Ego N. in Collegium sancte Marie prope Wyntoniam ad- missus juro quod non habeo aliquid de quo michi constat unde possum expendere annuatim ultra quinque marcas sterlingorum. Item si contingat me scire aliqua secreta dicti Collegii, ipsa in dampnum sive prejudicium ipsius non revelabo ad extra. Item quod ad dicti CoUegii melioracionem, augmentacionem bonorum, terrarum, posses- sionum, reddituimi, et jurium eiusdem conservacionem et defensionem promocionemque et expedicionem negociorum dicti Collegii quorum- cunque, ad quemcunque statum imposterum devenero, in sanis con- siliis, beneficiis, favoribusque et auxiliis, quantum in me fuerit, et ad me pertinuerit, diligenter juvabo, et pro eisdem fideliter laborabo, quamdiu vixero in hoc mundo. Item quod non procurabo diminucionem, irrita- cionem, seu annullacionem alicuius numeri in presentibus statutis et ordinacionibus limitati, vel ea fieri permittam, secundum meum posse, aut eisdem consentiam quovismodo. Item quod omnia statuta dictum Collegium concemencia per reverendum in Christo patrem Dm WillA de WyJieham fundatorem ipsius Collegii edita et per eundem edenda, et non alia, secundum planum litteralem et grammaticalem intellectum ipsorum, quantum in me fuerit, tenebo et inviolabiliter observabOy ac, quantum in me fuerit, faciam ab aliis teneri et eciam observari. Quodque nulla alia statuta seu ordinaciones, interpreta- dones, immutaciones, injuncciones, declaraciones, aut exposiciones alias presentibus ordinacionibus et statutis, vel qualitercunque vero intellectui eorundem repugnantes vel repugnantia, derogantes vel derogantia, contrarias vel contraria, per quemcunque seu quoscunque alium vel alios quam per eundem reverendum patrem Wilkb de Wykeham fundatorem predictum fiendas vel fienda quomodolibet acceptabo, vel ad ea consentiam, aut ipsa aliqualiter admittam, nee eisdem parebo ullo tempore, vel intendam, vel illis vel eorum aliqua ullo modo utar in Collegio vel extra, tacit^ vel express^. Item quod non ero detractor, susurro, seu faciens obloquia, aut provocans odium, iram, discordias, invidiam, contumelias, rixas, vel jurgia, aut spedales vel precellentes prerogativas nobilitatis, generis, sciencia- rum, facultatum, aut divitiarum allegans, nee intra socios presbiteros eiusdem Collegii, aut alios dicti Collegii scolares, australes, aquilonares seu boreales, aut patrie ad patriam, generis ad genus, nobilitatis ad nobilitatem vel ad ignobilitatem, seu alias qualitercunque compara- ciones, que odiose sunt ', in verbo, vel in facto, causa commonendi

* I. e. as soon as he has completed his fifteenth year.

' An old and familiar proverb. * Comparisons are odorous,' says Dogberry : Shakespeare's Much Ado, III. 5. * Caparisons do not become a young woman,* sa>'s Mrs. Malaprop : Sheridan's Rivals, IV. a.

H h

466 Annals of Winchester College,

malicios^ socios vel scolares, faciam quovismodo tdcit^ vel express^. Item quod nullas conventiculas ^ conspiraciones, confederaciones, seu pacciones aliquas ubicunque infra regnum Anglie vel eztra contra ordinacioneset statuta dictum Collegium concernencia, vel contra ipsius Collegii statum, commodum, vel honorem, custodem, vel vicecusto- dem, vel magistnim informatorem, aut hostiarium, vel aliquem socium vel scolarem eiusdem Collegii illicit^ faciam, nee ipsa procurabo seu permittam ab aliis fieri, quantum in me fuerit, quomodolibet in fiiturum, seu facientibus ipsa vel aliquod eorundem prestabo seu dabo con- silium, auxilium, vel favorem, aut eisdem scienter interesse presu- mam, nee ipsis consentiam tacit6 vel express^. Et si aliquem vel aliquos scivero contrarium aut contraria procurantes, seu eciam facientes, ea custodi vel vicecustodi et bursariis certificabo, et eos expresse premuniam ore ten us vel in scriptis. Quodque tranquil- litatem, pacem, commodum, et honorem dicti Collegii et sociorum eiusdem unitatem quantum in me fuerit et ad me pertinuerit, viis et modis quibus potero, conservabo, et ab aliis conservari et fieri procurabo. Item si contingat me, quod absit, propter mea deme- rita juxta exigenciam presentium statutorum a predicto Coll^io expelli seu eciam removed, nunquam ipsum Collegium, custodem, vicecustodem, seu socium aliquem vel magistnim informatorem aut hostiarium eiusdem occasione expulsion is seu remocionis huius- modi prosequar, molestabo, seu inquietabo per me vel alios, seu ab aliis prosequi molestari seu inquietari quomodolibet procurabo in foro ecclesiastico seu seculari ; sed omni accioni seculari, canonice et civili, appellacionique et querele in ea parte fiendis, et quarumlibct litterarum impetracioni, precibus principum, prelatorum, procenim, magnatum, etaliorum quorumcunque, et quibuslibet juris vel facti remediis aliis, per que me petere possem in integrum restitul vel reconciliari quantum ad jus et titulum seu possessionem in ipso Collegio vindicanda, in vim pacti renuncio express^ in presenti et re- nun ciabo m scriptis, si exactus fuero, in meS expulsione predictsL Item quod omnia et singula ordinaciones et statuta dicti CoUegii, qua- tenus ipsa me concernunt, fideliter observabo. Alioquin poenas in non parentes in premissis vel eonim aliquo in dicti Collegii ordina- cionibus et statutis inflictas et eciam ordinatas sine contradiccione quacunque subibo et me humiliter subiturum promitto et fideliter observabo juxta omnem vim, formam, et eflfectum ordinacionum et statutorum dictorum. Item quod non iripetrabo dispensacionem aliquam contra juramenta mea predicta, vel contra ordinaciones et statuta de quibus premittitur, aut ipsorum aliquod, nee dispensa- cionem huiusmodi per me alium vel alios public^ vel occulta impe- trari aut fieri procurabo directe vel indirect^. £t si forsan aliquam

^ Prayer meetings. Aimed, probably, at the followers of Wyclifife. AnUf-p.^a^

* XL Afil

iri vel gratia ofTerri aut concedi itatis, set! si generaliter vel speci- -ah verborum concessa, ips3 non i^ismodo. Sic Deua me adjuvet tros vero consanguincos prescrip- volumus, illo articulo duntazat idere ultra quinque marcas de : quo quidem juramento locoque lenti et anno Incarnacionis Do- nominibus et cognominibus in- prothocollum, in instrumentum m per aliquem notarium, penes rpetu6 custodiendum, nee alicui e annum attingenti dicti nostri :m beneficia ministrentur, donee

LLEGII HOSTRI PROPE WYNTON. "O EIUSDEH.

volumus, quod Collegio nostro

ipsius Collegii vicecustos pres- ITS eorundem custodem et socios es a tempore destitucionis huius- i per eorum litteras sigillo eorum ) sigillatas de dicta destitucione

socii Collegii Oxonie de destitu- ra unius diei spatium a tempore nveniant in capella dicti Collegii uri custodis Collegii nostri prope ituri, quam eleccionis diem quam juindenam extunc immediate se- acienda per consensum et volun- uant et prefigant prefatum ter-

infra mensem a tempore note >rope Wynton. eleccionem ipsam >c tamen proviso, quod socios a tempore premunicionis infra- ad futuri custodis dicti Collegii ant, teneantur et dcbeant expec- esens fuerit, vel in ipsius absencii

omnes et singulos dicti Collegii :edulas* unam vel plures in ostio

' Precepts or Notices.

WW- '• • ^

468 Annals of Winchester College*

capelle et in exteriori portd occidentali eiusdem Collegii affigendas faciat premuniri, ut ipsi un& cum aliis dicti Collegii sociis tunc presentibus mane et in die pro huiusmodi eleccione assignato in capellS dicti Collegii nostri Oxonie pro novo custode dicti Collegii prope Wyntoniam eligendo intersint personaliter sub penfi amissionis comunarum suarum, quas per mensem continuum in et dc dicto Collegio essent ali^ percepturi ^ ; quam penam ipsos et alios dicti Collegii socios quoscunque de eleccione predicta, ut prefertur, pre- munitos, si cessante ignoranci& minimi affectati, vel legitimo im- pedimento tempore assignato non veniant, et eleccioni predicte non interfuerinty incurrere volumus ipso facto. Quibus die et loco ipsis in simul aggregatisi expositH per dictum custodem Collegii nostri Oxonie aut vicecustodem vel alium socium sufficientem causS congregacionis huiusmodi, scilicet pro eleccione futuri custodis Collegii prope Wyn- toniam faciendil, pro SpiritQs Sancti graciS in hac parte uberius impe- trandd antequam ad eleccionem procedant missam de eodem Sancto Spiritu faciant inter se solemniter celebrari ; quS celebrata statim fiat una collacio* per dictum custodem vel vicecustodem vel alium socium public^ in comuni, et legatur tunc temporis plene et perfects hoc presens statutum' et hec nostra ordinacio eciam antequam proce- datur ad eleccionem predictam. Delude ad eleccionem ^turi custo- dis Collegii prope Wintoniam premunitorum, ut premittitur, absencia non obstante, in formS infrascripta ulterius procedatur; — ^videlicet assumantur et deputentur de unanimi, si fieri poterit, socionim predictorum consensu pariter et assensu, vel si hoc fieri comode non poterity per maiorem partem huiusmodi socionim quinque et non plures de sociis eiusdem Collegii nostri Oxonie, discreciores, maturiores, provecciores et fidedigniores, presertim in scienciis et facultatibus, quibus huiusmodi socii sic assumendi institerint gra- duati, quorum videlicet unus theologus et alius canonista, tercius civilista, duo vero de artibus seu philosophisl magistri existant ; quos quidem socios quinque sic assumptos et eciam deputatos scruta- tores volumus nuncupari ; qui omnes et singuli scrutatores ac omnes alii socii supradicti, tactis per ipsos et ipsorum singulos sacrosanctis Dei Evangeliis coram custody seu vicecustode pre- dicto, corporale juramentum prestabunt tunc ibidem, quod post- positis et cessantibus omnimodis amore, favore, odio, timore, invidia, partialitate, affeccione consanguinitatis et affinitatis, seu alicuius facultatis, necnon accepcione personarum patrie vel occasione qua- cunque precis aut precii cum omni celeritate qua poterunt, et absque more dispendio, unum de ipsis scrutatoribus vel de aliis sociis de ipso nostro Collegio Oxonie, seu de sociis presbiteris Collegii nostri

' AnUy p. 339. ' A speech to open the proceedings.

* See the proceedings at Warden Lee's Election, Chapter XXIV.

Appendix XL 469

prope Wintoniam ; aut de illis qui aliquando fuerunt in ipso CoUegio nostro Oxonie seu Collegio prope Wintoniam socii, et ex causis licitis et honestis recesserunt, in theologii aut jure canonico vel civili gra- duatum seu in artibus magistrum, in sacris ordinibus constitutum quam citius ex tunc fieri poterit in presbiterum ordinandum, tri- ginta etatis sue annos habentem, eciam si beneficiatus existat, quern in ipsorum conscienciis magis ydoneum, sufScientiorem, discre- tiorem, utiliorem, aptiorem ad subeundum, gerendum, faciendum, exercendum custodis officium Collegii prope W3mtoniam nomina* bunt, necnon quod ilium, quern nominaverunt, sperant et firmiter cre- dunt quoad bonum et salubre regimen et diligentem curam ipsius Collegii prope Wyntoniam personarum,statutorum, ac bonorum eius- dem Collegii terrarumque, possessionum, et reddituum spiritualium et temporalium et jurium eorundem plus posse proficere et debere. Consimile vero juramentum dicti Collegii Oxonie custodem et vice- custodem ante eleccionem predictam prestare volumus coram scru- tatoribus et sociis supradictis. Jurabunt insuper dicti scrutatores modo quo supra, videlicet tactis per eos sacrosanctis Evangeliis, statim ante ipsum scrutinium coram ipsS comitiva, custode seu vice* custode vel senior! socio dicti Collegii Oxonie eos onerante, quod nul- lum procuraverunt seu procurari fecerunt, seu procurabunt vel move- bunt verbo vel signo, prece vel precio, ad alitim vel aliter de se ipsis vel aliis nominandis quam ipsius socii requisiti seu scrutati dicta- verit justa et sana propria consciencia, et quod votum' cuiuslibet predictorum sociorum in ipsS nominacione diligenter et fideliter examinabunt ; quorum quidem scrutatorum duo seniores coram tribus ceteris conscrutatoribus suis votis suis in hac parte primo pur^, sponte, simpliciter, secrete, et singillatim emissis et in scriptis dis- tinct^ redactis vota reliquorum trium conscrutatorum suorum modo consimili scrutari et in scriptis redigere diligenter et fideliter te- neantur et debeant omnimodo. Deinde vero iidem quinque scrutatores communiter atque simul vota omnium et singulorum aliorum so- ciorum predictorum diligenter, secretd, et singillatim eciam perscru- tentur, ac votum et dictum cuiuslibet socii examinati, ipso vidente, scribant vel unus eorum scribat, statimque ante recessum ipsorum scrutatorum examinancium et in presenciS cuiuslibet examinati votum illud legant, vel legat aliquis eorundem ; in quo quidem scru- tinio factii collatione inter se numeri ad numerum duntaxat si invene- rint unam personam vota majoris partis cuiuslibet facultatis omnium sociorum predictorum tunc presencium habere, ipsum scrutinium de huiusmodi nominate person^ mox per unum eorum publicent in communi, qua publicacione sic facta, ilia persona pro nominate in custodem habeatur, in quam maior pars omnium sociorum predic- torum tunc presencium consenserit supradicta. Si vero in dicto

* Vote.

470 Annals of Winchester College,

scrutinio in unam personam consensum non fuerit ut prefertur, tunc iterato absque omni tumultu, contradiccione, querela, appeUacione, supplicacione, seu quocunque alio juris vel facti impedimento elec- cioni future sive nominacioni prestando fiat consimile scnitinium modo et forma predictis, donee in unam personam ad officium cus- todis per maiorem partem sociorum predictorum consensum fuerit et assensum. Quibus omnibus sic peractis, nullo alio jure ordine ve! pro- cessu aut solempnitate in hac parte observatis, seu eciam requisitis, ilia persona in custodem CoUegii nostri prope Wyntoniam sic in scru- tinio finaliter nominata, citius quo comode fieri poterit, per unum de senioribus ipsius CoUegii Oxonie un^ cum litteris formam eleccionis prefate necnon presentis nostri statuti et nominati huiusmodi jura- menti prestandi tenores plenarie continentibus sigillo comuni dicti CoUegii Oxonie sigillatis Dno Epo Wyntonie qui pro tempore fuerit, vel ipso in remotis agente, ipsius in spirituaHbus vicario generali, aut sede episcopali vacante, custodi spiritualitatis eiusdem presentetur : quibus quidem litteris super eleccione seu nominacione huiusmodi ipsiusque modo et forma absque probacione alia, plenam fidem volu- mus adhiberi. Qui quidem socius cum dicta persona in custodem CoUegii nostri prope Wyntoniam nominate mittendus coram Dno Epo Wyntonie, seu illo cui dictam presentacionem fieri contingit, colla- tionem facere teneatur dictum Collegium prope Wyntoniam, personam- que nominatam, et omnes alias personas dicti CoUegii eidem specialiter decenter et honorifiee commendando. Ipse vero Dims Epus Wyn- tonie seu ipsius vicarius generalis aut eustos spiritualitatis predictus, cum dictam presentacionem fieri continget, eleccionem sic factam absque more dispendio et sine processu judiciario, et absque impug- nacione eleccionis, jure nominacionis predicte confirmeL Si autem Dfius Epus supradictus, aliusve ex predictis personis ad quern dictam presentacionem fieri contigerit, per quinque dies a tempore presen- tacionis predicte sibi facte continue numerandos noluerit eleccionem de persons predicts in formS predicts et infra mensem predictum factam confirmare, extunc electus huiusmodi eo ipso presentis nostri statuti vigore in custodem dicti nostri CoUegii prope Wyntoniam sit prefectus, et pro vero custode et perpetuo habeatur. Si vcro socii dicti nostri CoUegii infra mensem supradictum non elegerint aut prefatam eleccionis formam non observaverint, tunc omni potes- tate eligendi ilia vice ipsos volumus fore privatos ac potestatem providendi prefato CoUegio prope Wyntoniam de custode ydoneo Drio Epo Wyntoniam, vel ipsius vicario, aut custodi supradicto cui presentacio facta, aut alias facienda fuerit supradicta in dictis casi- bus concedimus per presentes. Ita tamen quod unum socium verum et perpetuum ipsius CoUegii Oxonie seu socium presbytcrum CoUegii prope Wyntoniam, vel qui prius fuerat in CoUegio Oxonie seu in CoUcgium prope Wyntoniam, et ex causis honestis recesserat ab

Appendix XL

471

eodem, virum utique ydoneum et discretum, providum et eciam circumspectum, modo quo pretnittitur graduatum in sacris ordinibus constitutum quam citius fieri poterit in presbiterum ordinandum, triginta etatis sue annos habentem, eciam si beneficiatus existat, quern secundum Deum et conscienciam suam bonam ad officiimi custodis huiusmodi Collegii prope Wyntoniam magis ydoneum, aptum, et utilem esse crediderit, in casibus supradictis infra quindenam ex tunc immediate sequentem preficiat in custodem. Custodem vero huiusmodi, qualitercunque confirmatus seu prefectus fuerit, statim post confirmacionem vel prefeccionem suam, prim6 coram illo qui ipsum confirmaverit vel prefecerit in custodem, et subse- quenter coram scolaribus et presbiteris sociis Collegii nostri prope Wyntoniam, antequam ad administracionem aliquam admittatur,tactis et inspectis per ipsum sacrosanctis Evangelils subscriptum volumus prestare juramentum. — ' Ego N. in custodem Collegii sancte Marie prope Wyntoniam prefectus juro, tactis et insp>ectis per me istis sacrosanctis Evangeliis, quod dictum Collegium omnesque terras, tenementa, possessiones, redditus spirituales et temporales, jura, libertates, privilegia, et bona quecunque eiusdem, necnon onmes et singulos scolares, socios, et personas ipsius Collegii juxta statuta et ordinaciones reverendi patris Dni Will mi de Wykeham funda- toris ipsius Collegii absque personarum, generis, aut patrie exccp- tione quacunque, regam, custodiam, dirigam et eciam gubemabo, et per alios regi, custodiri, dirigi et gubemari faciam juxta posse. Item quod non magis uni quam alteri scolarium, presbiterorum, sociorum, et personarum dicti Collegii injuste favens aut partialis ero, nee me partem pro aliquo aliqualiter faciam contra justiciam aut contra charitatis et fraternitatis amorem gravamina vel moles- tias alicui quomodolibet per me vel alium inferendo. Quodque quantum in me fuerit correcciones, puniciones, et reformaciones debitas racionabiles atque justas de quibuslibet delictis, crimini- bus, et exccssibus sociorum scolarium et personarum dicti Collegii quorumcunque, quociens ubi et quando ac prout opus fuerit, juxta negocii qualitatem omnemque vim, formam, et effectum ordinacionum et statutorum dicti Collegii per dictum patrem editorum, absque partialitate quacunque, postpositis et cessantibus omnimodis prcce, precio, amore, timorc, odio, invidid, et favore, necnon affeccionibus consanguinitatis et affinitatis prerogativis et specialibus, ex quibus- cunque causis pretensis et conceptis, diligenter et indifferenter faciam et exercebo, seu per alios fieri et exerceri faciam, et eciam procurabo, et ea, quae in ell parte fuerint facienda, fideliter in omnibus exsequar et exsequi faciam juxta posse. Item quod gu- bemacioni et regimini omnium terrarum, possessionum et reddi- tuum spiritualium et tcmporalium, necnon. administracionum bono- rum et rerum ad ipsum Collegium qualitercunque pertinencium

Annals of Winchester College.

omni diligencil et providenciS tnihi a Deo concessis fidetiter iligenter intendam ac alios eiusdem Collegii officiarios et stros deputatos et deputandos eorutn officiis et ministeriis inten'

faciam juxta posse. Item quod oninia et singula bona el la dicti Collegii ad comodum et utilitatem eiusdem, proirt ssitas evidens exegerit ac statuta ct ordinaciones predict! patm ac parte dictaverint, administrabo, eaque procurabo el faciam er et fideliter ab aliis ministrari, et quae residua fuerint et ;scent conservabo et faciam ad incretnentum dicti Collegii et Klum fideliter conservari. Item quod lites et placita quecun- psius Collegii defendam, nccnon omnia et singula negocia ipsum :gium qualitercunque concemencia prosequar diligenter, pos- onesque, libertates, privilegia et jura quecunque ipsius Col-

manutenebo viriliter et defendam et ab aliis manutcDeri n et defend] . Ita tamen quod causas placita aut lites ;s in quibus verti potent ipsius Collegii exheredacio vel ; prejudicium absque omnium dicti Collegii capeUanorum rum, vel maioris partis eorundem, maturo et deliberato con- 1, consilio, et assensu non incipiani vel movebo, nee inchoari aut ;ri faciam quovismodo. Item quod ultra duos menses continuos iterpellatis vicibus discontinuos in anno aliquo a dicto CoUegio IS non ero nisi in et pro negociis Collegii supradicti. Item quO' . aliqua eleccio de scolaribus in Collegium Oxonie vel in Calle-

prope Wyntoniam predictum immineat facienda, ut solum tales ntur quos secundum ordinaciones, condiciones et qualitates in lacionibus et statutis dictorum Collegiorum expressas habiies loneos reputaverim, et quos in scienciis et facultacibus quibus :ent ad comodum et utilitatem Collegiorum ipsonim plus ; proficere ac debere firmiter crediderim, sine personarum vel e accepcione, amore, odio, invidia, et favore, timore prece ac

0 postpositis quibuscunque, quantum ad me pertinet, partes

1 fideliter interponam et id fieri efiectualiter procurabo. Item cto Collegio ct scolaribus eiusdem de bonis honesds sulfici- us et ydoneis magistro informatore et hostiario sub ipso pro macione dictorum scolarium provideatur debitam diligencian n et apponam, ipsosque circa eorum ofRcia insistere et eisdem -e, ac ea diligenter et fideliter exercere, quantum in me fiieiit, 1 me pertinet, faciam et eciam procurabo, ipsos eciam circa um oflicia predicta negligentes, culpabiles, vel aliis inutila t comodo utilitati et honori dicti Collegii magis expedire vide-

corripiam, puniam, vel ali^ ab eorum ofliciis ammovebo.

in casu quo ab officio meo ob culpam tneam vel eciam ob I causam me ammoveri contingat, vel si forsan officio cedam n, bona dicti Collegii que post ammocionem vel cessionem imodi reeepero, ct quae per me prius reccpta michi aut usd

474 Annals of Winchester College.

I tibus ordinacionibus et statutis, vel qualitercunque vero sensui et

I intellectui eonindem repugnantes vel repugnancia, derogantes vel

I derogantia, contrarias vel contraria, per quemcunque seu quoscun-

\ que alium vel alios quam predictum reverendum patrem Willmuni

I de Wykeham, fundatorem predictum, fiendas vel fienda quomodo-

I libet acceptabo, vel ad ea consentiam aut ipsa aliqualiter admittam,

nee eisdem parebo ullo tempore vel intendam, nee illis vel eorum ; aliquo ullo modo utar in CoUegiis predictis, vel extra, tacitd vel

express^ ; sed eis et eorum cuilibet contradicam et eciam resistam express^, ipsaque fieri viis et modis omnibus quibus scivero im- pediam juxta posse. Item quod non ero detractor, susurro, seu faciens obloquia, aut provocans invidiam, odium, iram, discordias, contumelias, rixas et jurgia, aut speciales vel precellentes pre- rogativas nobilitatis, generis, scienciarum, facultatum, aut divitiarum allegans, nee inter socios eorundem Collegiorum vel alios Universi- tatis Oxonie scolares australes, aquilonares, seu boreales, aut scienciarum ad sciencias, facultatum ad facultates, patrie ad patriam, generis ad genus, nobilitatis ad nobilitatem vel ad ignobilitatem, seu alias qualitercunque comparaciones, que odiose sunt, in verbo vel in facto causa commovendi maliciosd socios vel scolares, scien- cias, seu eciam facultates, tacitfe vel express^, public^ vel occulta, faciam quovismodo. Item quod nuUas contumelias, conventiculas, conspiraciones, confederaciones, aut pacciones aliquas ubicunque infra regnum Anglie vel extra contra ordinaciones vel statuta dicta Collegia concernentia, vel contra ipsorum Collegiorum statum, co- modum, vel honorem, aut contra custodem Collegii nostri Oxonie vel aliquem socium dictorum Collegiorum illicit^ faciam nee ipsa pro- curabo seu permittam ab aliis fieri quantum in me fuerit quo- modolibet in futurum, seu facientibus ipsa vel ipsorum aliquod prestabo seu dabo consilium, auxilium vel favorem, aut eisdem scienter interesse presumam, nee ipsis consentiam tacite vel ex- pressd. Item quod consanguineos dicti fundatoris nostri in scolares presentis Collegii, aliosque scolares pauperes et indigentes juxta formam, ordinacionem, et statutorum dicti patris in hoc casu edi- torum eligendos seu nominandos in dictum Collegium prope Wyntoniam admittam et admitti faciam juxta posse. Item quod con- sanguineos dicti fundatoris nostri in veros socios Collegii Sande Marie Oxonie scolaresque alios presentis Collegii Sancte Marie prope Wyntoniam in ipsum Collegium Oxonie ad annos probacionis juxta formam ordinacionis et statuti superius editi in hoc casu clectos, seu eciam eligendos, procurabo admitti et faciam juxta posse, sicut et prout superius in ordinacione et statuto predictis plenius continetur. Quodque contra Doniinum Episcopum Wyn- toniensem qui pro tempore fuerit aut ccclesiam Wyntonie prio- rcmve aut capitulum ipsius ecclesie in aliqua causa ipsam ecclesiam

pendix XI. 475

ro consilio, auxilio, vel favore, causS egiorum caus§ duntaxat excepts. Item nsacionem aliquam contra juramenta naciones at statuta de quifaus premit- :c dispensacionem huiusmodi per me,

occulta impetrari aut fieri procurabo [te aliquam dispensacionem huiusmodi

aut concedi contigerit, cuiuscunque neraliler vel specialiter aut ali^ sub

concessa, ips§ non utar nee eidem ic me Deus adjuvet et hec sancta gat imposterum propter mea demerita jinacionibus et statutis contentas juxta itutorum dictorum ab officio meo ex- X certa mea scienciS, pur£, sponte, ni action i occasione expulsionis seu ra ipsius CoUegii Ozonie socios vel cnde appellacioni et querele in eS que litteranim impetracioni precibus erum, magnatum et aliorum quorum- nque curie ecclesiastice vel secularis, iris et fact! per quas aut que petere in integrum restitui, contra premissa, probitatis et vite merita suffragentur,

scriptia.' Volumusque quod de jura-

instrumentum, cum publico signo et ii publici muni turn, ipsius juramenti

et cognomen, ac cuius diocesis existat

thesauraria comuni dicti Collegii nostri b custodia ditigenti.

Collegii nostri prope Wyntoniam. s, et volumus, quod custos Collegii Lgulis scolaribus ipsius Collegii, sociis ro informatori scolarium in gramaticS, 3 capelle, necnon omnibus et singulis :ianis, et ministris, quocunque r

presit, eosque juxta ordin edita, et nostris temporibus per nos ibernet, et eosdem omnes et singulos ^, puniat, et castiget secundum nos- idonum ipsius Collegii vim, forniam, :usto3 felici ac salubri rcgimini atque et personarum eiusdem, terranimque, itualium et temporalium Collegii supra-

476 Annals of Winchester College,

dicti, necnon administradoni renim ac bonorum quonimcunque ad ipsum Collegium qualitercunque pertinencium cum omni diligencia et providencia fideliter et diligenter intendat, ac alios nostri Col- legii of¥iciarios et ministros deputatos et eciam deputandos eonim officiis et ministeriis intendere, et ea diligenter exercere ad como- dum, utilitatem, et honorem dicti Collegii faciat juxta posse, ipsa- que, omnia et singula, quantum ad ipsum pertinet, fideliter custo- diat et gubernet, ac per alios eiusdem Collegii officiarios et ministros faciat gubernari et eciam custodiri, bonaque omnia et singula supradicta in comodum et utilitatem dicti Collegii, pxx>ut necessitas evidens exegerit, et ordinaciones et statuta nostra in hac parte pleniCis dictaverint, procuret, et faciat utiliter dispensari et in omnibus ministrari. Ea vero, que residua fuerint et excre- scent, procuret et faciat ad incrementum dicti Collegii fideliter con- servari. , Statuimus insuper, volumus, et ordinamus, quod omnia placita tam realia quam personalia dictum nostrum Collegium prope Wyntoniam et omnes possessiones eiusdem adquisitas et eciam adquirendas qualitercunque concemencia, in quibuscunque curiis moveantur, custos eiusdem Collegii qui pro tempore fiierit ipsius custodis nomine duntaxat prosequatur eciam et defendat, scolarium sive capellanorum dicti nostri Collegii prope Wyntoniam nmnina- cione vel mencione aliqua in prosecucione seu defenstone huiusmodi minimi requisitis^. Ita tamen quod lites graves vel ardua ne- gocia, in quibus verti potent ipsius Collegii grave dampnum sive prejudicium, absque omnium dicti Collegii capellanorum, seu maioris partis eorundem, consilio et assensu incipere vel aggredi non de- bebit; statuentes preterea quod ultra duos menses continues vel interpellatis vicibus discontinuos in anno eodem custos a dicto Collegio nuUatenus se absentet, nisi in negociis Collegii supra dicti, prout in ipsius juramento superiCis est contentum. Proviso semper ut sic captet dictus custos tempus sive horam absencie huiusmodi quod in dampnum seu prejudicium dicti Collegii sua absencia non redundet.

VIII. De Eleccigne Capellanorum in socxos perpetcjos dicti

Collegii.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod in dicto Collegio nostro prope Wyntoniam preter et ultra numerum dictorum custodis et septuaginta scolarium sint semper et continue, ut predictiun est, decern presbiteri seculares socii perpetui ac tres alii presbi- teri, conductitii et remotivi, sufficientis litterature legendi et cantandi

^ Hence, probably, the habit of the early Wardens of suing as if they were Corporations sole, and not in the name of the < Warden and Scholars — Clerks^' when the subject matter was of no great importance.

bendix XI.

ntes, per custodei :1 asaumendi, cap< strare debentes. 118 de dicto pre

contjgerit, custo line presentes cit ivo socio presbib urn presbiteronm

Evangelia corpoi are, partialitate, e arte nominabunt icti Collegii ma; am dictb presbit de juramentunt

iidem custos i loco deficieniis 1 KKiis Collegii nt fodem et ex caii: |ui sufficicnter sc : statuta Collegii )e de presbiteris 1 de eis qui prim DStea de Colleg^is ent ac eligant pr« fX coRversacionis rituaEibus circum i peritiam et habi >mod6 haberi pot i de dioc. Wynto ie, Berk., Wiltes, Ltabnig., volumiis :m et eleccioDem I e habentes cond

ex Ipsis nomin lisitum. Quibus i i custo3 et socii ■ polerunt infra se: natis et electb s t opus fiierit, pro i sigillo comuni

celeriter teneanti poterit infra tridi tire voluerit, noni stare, ac custode iam certificare lit

47^ Annals of Winchester College.

hac parte : proviso tamen semper, quod cuiuscunque presbiteii huiusmodi nominacio eleccio et admissio eiusdem in Collegium prope Wyntoniam infra unius mensis spacium a tempore vacacionis predicte continue numerandum modo et formS predictis finaliter terminetur. Jm*abuntque nominati et electi huiusmodi ad sancta Dei Evangelia antequam in Collegium nostrum Wyntoniam realiter admittantur sub hac formS— * Ego N., presbiter, in socium perpe- tuum CoUegii Beate Marie prope Wynton. nominatus et electus juro ad hec sancta Dei evangelia per me corporaliter tacta, quod omnia statuta et ordinaciones dictum Collegium prope Wyntoniam necnon Collegium Beate Marie Wyntonie in Oxonia concemencia per reverendum patrem Willmum de Wykeham Collegiorum dic- torum fundatorem edita et edenda, ac omnia et singula in eisdem contenta, quatenus ipsa me concemunt, secundum planum, litteraleniy et gramaticalem sensum et intellectum eorundem inviolabiliter te- nebo et eciam observabo, et faciam eciam, quantum in me fuerit» ab aliis teneri et eciam observari, alioquin penas in non parentes in premissis, vel eorum aliquo, in dicti CoUegii prope Wyntoniam ordinacionibus et statutis inflictas et eciam ordinatas sine contradic- cione quacunque subibo et me humiliter subiturum promitto juxta omnem vim formam et effectum ordinacionum et statutorum dictorum. Item, si contingat me scire aliqua secreta Collegiorum dictorum ipsa non revelabo ad extra. Item quod ad dicti CoUegii prope Wyntoniam melioracionem, augmentacionem bonorum terrarum possessionum reddituum, et jurium eiusdem conservacionem, et defensionem pro- mocionemque et expedicionem negociorum dicti CoUegii quorum- cunque ad quemcunque statum, gradum, dignitatem vel officium imposterum devenero in sanis consiliis, beneficiis, favoribus, et auxiliis, quatenus in me fuerit et ad me pertinuerit, diligenter ju- vabo et pro eisdem fideliter laborabo, et usque ad finalem et feUcem expedicionem negociorum predicti CoUegii juxta posse instabo quamdiu vixero in hoc mundo. Item quod non procurabo dimi- nucionem, mutacionem, seu annuUacionem numeri scolarium pres- biterorum aut ministrorum capelle ipsius CoUegii presentibus statutis et ordinacionibus limitati, contra formam statutonun et ordi- nacionem eorundem, vel ea fieri permittam secundum meum posse, aut eisdem consenciam quovismodo. Quodque nulla alia statuta seu ordinaciones, interpretacioncs, mutaciones, injuncciones, de- claraciones aut exposiciones vel glosas alias presentibus nostris ordinacionibus et statutis vel qualitercunque vero sensui et intel- lectui eorundem repugnantes vel repugnantia, derogantes vel dero- gantia, contrarias vel contraria, per quemcunque seu quoscunque alium vel alios quam per eundem patrem WUlmum de Wykeham, fundatorem predictum, fiendas vel fienda, quomodolibet acceptabo vel ad ea consentiam, aut ipsa aliquaUter admittam, nee eisdem

iix XL 479

n, nee illis vel eonun aliquo ulto , tacitd vel express^ : sed eis et ciam resistam express*, ipsaque us scivero impediam juxta posse, susurro, seu facicns obloquia aut lias, contumelias, rijtas, vel jurgia, jgativas nobijitatis, generis, aut di- vel scolares eiusdem Collegii prope leris ad genus, nobilitatis ad nobili- ias qualilercunque comparaciones, acto, causa commovendi maliciosfe ss^, publicd vel occulta, faciam qucn tumelias, convent iculas, conspira- nes aliquas ubicunque infra regnum ones vel statuta dictum Collegium vel contra ipsius CoUegii statum, ntra custodem, vicecustodem, vel illicit^ faciam, nee ipsa procurabo turn in me fuerit quomodolibet in el eonini aliquod, prestabo seu rem, aul eisdem scienter interesse

tacit^ vet express^:. Item quod quocunque officio ad quod me in it et assumi ; illudque cum dc-

posse meo fideliter adimptebo. 3, dampna, scandala, vel prejudicia lerit, nullatenus faciam, nee quo- ZT me et alios ilia modis quibus isa impedire non potcro custodi, legii plenari^ revelabo. Custodi Lperioribus in Ileitis et honestis, Dciis, obediam et assistam, et re- pendam, monieionibusque, injunc- lus et punicionibus quibuscunque ilol legii quorumcunque, qui pro lam et ordinacioncm statutorum endis, quantum in me fuerit et ad cum effectu. Contrarium vero vel el extra, tacit^ vel express^ non eisdem consent iam quovismodo. jineorum dicti Domini fundatoris :ti Collegii juxta ordinaciones et impediam, nee, quantum in me mpedientibus consentiam quovis- petuis sociis presbiteris in dictum

4^o Annals of Winchester College.

Collegium prope Wyntoniam digendis et admittendis fidele consi- lium et auxilium, omnt favore postposito, tribuam et impendam, ut de bonis personis, castis, modestis, honestis, aptis, juxta formam statutorum predictorum provideatur eidem, quodque contra Domi- num Episcopum Wintonie qui pro tempore fuerit, aut ecdesiam Wyntonie, prioremve aut capitulum ipsius ecclesie, in aliquS causfi ip- sam ecdesiam concemente sdenter non ero consilio, auxilio,vel &vore, causa meS propria et dictorum Collegiorum causa duntaxat exceptau Item quod non impetrabo dispensacionem aliquam contra juramenta mea predicta, vel contra ordinaciones et statuta de quibus premit- titur, aut ipsorum aliquod, nee dispensacionem huiusmodi per me vel alium vel alios public^ vel occulta impetraii aut fieri procurabo, directs vel indirect^. £t si forsan aliquam dispensadonem huius* modi impetrari vd gratis ofiferri aut concedi condgerit, cuiuscunque fuerit auctoritate, seu si generaliter vel specialiter, aut alias, aut quorumcunque form& verborum concessa, ips4 non utar nee eidem consentiam quovismodo. Sic Deus me adjuvet et hec sancta Dei Evangelia. Et si contingat iniposterum me propter contemptum, rebellionem, inobedienciam, malos mores, vel alia mea demerita seu propter causas in presentibus ordinadonibus et statutis con- tentas per custodem vel vicecustodem juxta formam et ordinacionem statutorum dictorum corrigi vel puniri aut ali^s a dicto Col- legio ejid, expelli, privari, ezcludi, vel eciam ammoveri, ex certd mei sciencii pur^ sponte simplidter et absolute omni acdone occasione correccionis vel punicionis, privadonis, exdusionis, ex- pulsionis seu ammodonis huiusmodi contra custodem aut alios dicti Collegii socios qui pro tempore fuerint, conjunctim vel divisim quomodolibet instituende, appellacionique et querele in ed, parte fiendis, ac quarumcunque litterarum impetradoni, precibus prin- cipum, prelatorum, procerum, magnatum, et aliorum quorumcunque, necnon et quibuscunque curie ecclesiastice vel secularis, ac omnibus remediis juris et facti per quas aut que petere possem me recon- ciliari, vel in integrum restitui, contra premissa, quantumcunque ali^ mihi probitatis et vite merita suffragentur, in vim pacti re- nuncio his scriptis.' Volumusque quod de juramento predicto fiat statim instrumentum publicum signo et subscriptione alicuius notarii publici munitum, ipsius juramenti tenorem, diem, formam, nomen, et cognomen, ac cuius comitatQs et diocesis existat continens ^c jurantis, quod penes custodem dicti Collegi perpetuo remaneat sub custodia diligenti. Quem sic admissum et juratum verum et per- petuum socium presbiterum ipsius nostri Collegii volumus nuncu- parL Tres vero capellanos conductitios predictos per custodem dicti nostri Collegii prope Wyntoniam conduci volumus et assumi capelle dicti nostri Collegii, ut premittitur, servituros ; quos eciam per eundem custodem, cum sibi videbitur expedire, volumus remo\'eri.

Appendix XI. 481

capellani conducticii capellanum alium infra m custos non subrogaverit antedictus, tunc :xtunc sequent! pro quolibet capeltano, qui legligencia, desidiave defecerit, custodem pre-

octo denarios de pwrcione sua amittere volu- racionem efTectualem sic deficientb capellani ; 1 comunis omnium sociorum presbiterorum Dcdciorum, magistri informatoris, hostiarii, ac cti CoUegii ultra septimanales comunas pre- dinantes insuper, quod capellani conducticii brmator, el hostiarius ac clerici capelle alii- listri dicti CoUegii, cuiuscunque condicionis id secreta ipsius CoUegii nuUatenus revela- : eo3 scire aliqua pericula, dampna, sive pre- cto futura seu imminencia, ilia custodi, vice- eiusdem CoUegii publicent et revelent quam : absque dilacione quacunque. Jurat eciam n presbiterorum et capellanorum conducti- in admissione sua ad Collegium predictum, nses ante recessum suum custodem eiusdem bsente, vicecustodem de ipso recessu prc- :muniri, ut sic de alio presbitero ydoneo et idum in capeUa predicts tempore congruo i. Item statuimus ordinamus et volumus quod le pergameno compositum et ligatum in qua- tur successive nomina et cognomina omnium in scotares dicti CoUegii quam in perpetuos sdem admissorum ac sic, ut premittitur, jura-

comitatfls, ville, et parochie existunt, in quo se propter quas prefatos socios presbiteros

Coltegio secedere, vel ammoveri contigerit, gii mmiimentis fideliter conservandis. Statui- imus, quod preter custodem et ultra numerum tresdecim presbyterorum et Irium clericorum Je eiusdem sezdecim pueri pauperes et indi- lis et conversacionis honeste infra etatem duo- rife existentes scientes competenter legere et upandi, ad ministrandum legendum et cantan- :t ad adjuvandum diebus singulis presbiteros in jFos, ac ali^ in divinis ofEiciis ministrandum :sbiterorum eorundem sternendum et prepa- id ceteros ipsius CoUegii ministros horS prandii n dictum nostrum Collegium prope Wyntoniam

admittantur intuitu caritatis ; quos quidem

et reliquiis que superfuerint de mensa pres-

48 a Annals of Winchester College.

bjrteronim et scolarium dicti nostri Collegii, si ipsa ad hoc suf- iiciant, vivere volumus et eciam sustentari. Alioquin sd ipsa fra^ menta minimi suflficiant in hac parte, de aliis bonis comunilwis dicti nostri Collegii eis de competenti victu provider! volumus debits, sicut decet, juzta necessitates ipsonim, quos eciam in dicto Collegio volumus permanere ad voluntatem et disposidonem custodis et sociorum presbiterorum dicti nostri Collegii, dum tamen bone condicionis et conversacionis honeste fuerint, et ad desa^viendum et ministrandum in capelld predicts, ut premittitur, habiles et com- petentes ezistant

IX. In quibus socii presbxteri scolares et alii mikistri

OBEDIRE DEBENT ET PARERE CUSTODL

Item statuimus, ordinamus et volumus, quod omnes et singuli socii presbiteri, scolares et persone ac officiarii et ministri Col- legii nostri prope Wyntoniam quicunque custodi Collegii eiusdem qui pro tempore fiierit, et in eius absencia vicecustodi eiusdem Collegii prope W3mtoniam in licitis et honestis mandatis et factis quibus- cunque eiusdem Collegii providenciam et statum, regimen ac ipsius comodum et honorem statutaque nostra et ordinaciones qualiter- cunque tangentibus obedire teneantur et debeant, ac eciam inten- dere et p)arere, nisi veram, justam et racionabilem causam coram custode, aut eo absente, vicecustode, ac per eundem custodem vel vicecustodem approbandam ostendunt, per quam merit6 de- beant excusari. Si quis vero in premissis vel eorum aliquo rebeUis vel inobediens repertus fuerit, comunis suis in nostro Collegio predicto vigore presentis nostre ordinacionis sit ipso facto privatus quousque in eisdem paruerit cum efifectu, et nichilominus si ultra octo dies in huiusmodi rebellione vel inobediencia pertinaciter perduraverit, ex tunc a dicto Collegio statuimus ipsum perpetuo fore privatum. Inhibentes preterea ne qui dictorum sociorum pres- biterorum temporibus quibus vigore presentis statuti seu alterius nostri statuti cuiuscunque fuerint suis comunis in dicto Coll^o privati extra ipsum Collegium sine custodis vel in eius absencia vicecustodis licenciS prandeant aut cenent aut pemoctent, sed de victualibus huiusmodi temporibus infra predictum Collegium ipsorum sumptibus propriis sibi faciant providerL

X. De Vicecustode et SacristA et eoruh offtciis et

JURAME^mS.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod perpetuis futuris temporibus sit in dicto nostro Collegio prope Wyntoniam unus vice- custos de numero dictorum decem presbiterorum sociorum per- petuorum ad officium huiusmodi per custodem et eosdem socios ipsius Collegii seu maiorem partem eorundem quolibet anno eli- gendus sive nominandus, qui vices custodis ipso absente vel ali^s.

Appendix XL 483

l^timd impedito suppleat et exerceat, necnon eidem custodi pre- sent! in his, que curam et regimen dicti CoUegii et personanim eiusdem concemunt, diligenter assistat. Libros insuper, cruces, calices, vestimenta, iuminaria, et alia omamenta quecunque comuni et cotidiano usui deputata voiumus esse in custodial unius de reli- quis presbiteris sociis perpetuis supradictis fidelis et ydonei in liac parte sub formS predicts annis singulis eligendi ac eciam deputandi quern sacristam dicte capelle voiumus et statuimus nuncupari, ipsa- que omnia et singula dicto presbitero per indenturam tradi, liberari, et conunitti voiumus et eciam ordinamus, bene et honest^ secure et fideliter custodienda. Qui quidem sacrista canendo cantanda repetere debeat et ali^s precentoris officium in choro capelle gerere ac eciam ezercere. Prestabuntque vicecustos et sacrista in presenciS ipsos nominancium seu eligencium statim post ipsorum eleccionem seu nominacionem ad officia supradicta, tacds sacro- sanctis evangeliis, corporaliter juramentum quod officia huiusmodi diligenter et fideliter exsequentur, hoc eciam proviso, quod eligentes sive nominantes vicecustodem et sacristam, antequam ad eleccionem vel nominacionem huiusmodi procedant, tact is sacrosanctis Evan- geliis prestent corporaliter juramentum quod nullum ad huiusmodi vicecustodis aut sacriste officium eligent vel nominabunt, nisi quem crediderint pro huiusmodi officio in dicto CoUegio exercendo fidelem et discretum, afifeccione ac partialitate cessantibus quibuscunque. £t insuper in omnibus eleccionibus in dicto CoUegio de quibus- cunque officiariis et aliis eligendis sive nominandis ab electoribus ipsis consimile prestari voiumus juramentum. Voiumus autem quod vicecustodi viginti sex solidi octo denarii necnon presbitero sacriste tresdecim solidi et quatuor denarii singulis annis pro labore et stipendio eorundem de bonis dicti Collegii nostri persolvantur, ultra ea que in eodem essent ali^ percepturi.

XL De Bursariis et egrum officio.

Item ut bona ipsius nostri Collegii prope Wyntoniam communia securiCls conserventur, discrecius dispensentur, meliusque regantur, statuimus, ordinamus, et voiumus, quod de presbiteris sociis per-* petuis ipsius Collegii per custodem et eosdem presbiteros, seu maiorem partem eorundem, annis singulis eligantur et deputentur duo socii, fideles et discreti, ad bursariorum officium in eodem CoUegio exercendum, qui exitus, redditus, firmas, proventus bene- ficiorum, maneriorum, terrarum, possessionum et reddituum, bona et res ipsius Collegii prope Wyntoniam vel ali^ qualitercunque ac undecunque provenientes seu proveniencia et ad dictum Collegium spectancia per visum et sub testimonio dicti custodis Collegii prope Wyntoniam, vel vicecustodis eiusdem in absencia custodis predicti, de manibus yconomorum, ballivorum, procuratorum, iirmariorum,

I i 2

484 Annals of Winchester College,

prepositonim ipsius Collegii prope Wyntoniam ac alionim quorum- cunque per indenturas inter dictos bursarios et solventes summas huiusmodi faciendas recipiant, et recepta in thesauraria dicti Col- legii in archis et cistis communibus eonindem per visum et sub testimonio dictonim custodis et vicecustodis et trium aliorum so- dorum seniorum in tuto reponant securiiis custodienda. De quibus quidem receptis ipsi bursarii certas racionabiles summas ad comunas sociorum et scolarium et alias cotidianas et minutas ex- pensas, utiles et necessarias solummodo et non alias summas, in ipsos usus, et non alios, juxta discreccionem, disposicionem, et avisamentum custodis, vicecustodis, et trium sociorum dictonim, custodiant, dispensent iideliter, et convertant. Nolentes quod dicti bursarii, aut quivis alius, de residua parte receptorum dictonim seu de maioribus negociis dicti Collegii prope Wyntoniam aut aliis solu- cionibus misis ' et expensis circa huiusmodi maiora negocia facienda se quomodolibet intromittant sine consensu, discrecione, disp>osi- cione, consilio, et avisamento custodis, vicecustodis, et maioris p^artis sociorum nostri Collegii prope Wyntoniam memorati ; qui eciam bursarii provisiones et empciones necessarias victualium et solu- ciones pro eisdem faciendas supervideant et de ipsis disponant prout eis melius videbitur expedire pro comodo, utilitate, et honore nostri Collegii supradicti ac degencium in eodem. Quique preter archas predictas duas cistas habeant de comuni, in quibus alter- natas indenturas quas inter se et alios, tam de omnibus et singulis per eos receptis, quam eciam liberatis et expensis facere tencantur, et rotulos super premissis factos sibi invicem correspondentes re- ponant eciam ac conservent. Ad que omnia et singula, quantum ad ipsos pertinet, bene, diligenter, ac iideliter facienda et eciam observanda dictos bursarios statim post ipsorum admissionem ad officium supradictum tactis sacrosanctis Evangeliis prestent corpor- aliter juramentum in presenciH omnium sociorum dicti Collegii, vel maioris partis eorum, tunc in dicto CoUegio presencium, prefato custode, vel in absencia ipsius vicecustode, juramentum huiusmodi exigente. Quilibet preterea bursariorum dictonim tresdecim solidos et quatuor denarios de bonis comunibus dicti nostri Collegii an- nuatim percipere volumus pro labore et stipendio eorundem ultra ea que ipsorum uterque in eodem CoUegio erit ali^ percepturus.

XII. De magistro instructore et hostiario sub eodeH| et

EORUM JURAMENTIS.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod in dicto CoUegio nostro prope Wyntoniam sit perpetuis temporibus unus magister in- formator, in gramatica sufficienter eruditus, habens docendi peritiam, vir bone fame et conversacionis, conducticius et eciam remotivus,

' I. q. impensis.

pendix XI.

i Collegii ordinandus E gramaticS asddu^ inst tpsorum et vitam et lorum doctrinain desii e personanim accepcii ac debits puoiat et a :astigando modum neq

eius castigacionem uos castigare non pot(

absencia viceeustodi, lebitam recipiant, detm dicto nostro CoUegio s us instructor siniilitei em et socios predicto s, vir bone fame et con missis diligenter assist libus vices supplcat ati an. Inhibentcs prete .uo scolarium predictoi iabore suo circa dicto l)uiusmodi impenso sc e,aut vendicare quovisi jradicla et quccunque delitcr observanda eo\ I ipsorum utrumque i lone primaria coram ' alumus, tactis sacrosai

ne scolares dicti Colli carenciam magistri hu statuimus, ordinamus, ' I tempore fucrit ex <; recessQs sui sibi innc toniam per sex mense r premuniatur idem n A insufficiens et inydc •X hoDestS ab ipso Co magistro alio in gram

Collegii nostri prop* s dies a tempore rec a que prefertur volun . Si vero predictus casu fortuito a dicto sserit, tunc de magistro jus fieri poterit, provi lus. Prohibemus insu]

486 Annals of Winchester College.

dicti CoUegii socius scolarem ipsius Collegii contra prefatum magis- tnim instructorem verbo vel facto manuteneat, tueatur, aut defendat, quominus corrigatur et castigetur debits per eundem, nee aliquem de dictis scolaribus a studio aut doctrina imi>ediat vel ad extra ducat preter custodis licenciam, vel in eius absencid, contra vice- custodis et magistri informatoris voluntatem Collegii supradictL

XIII. QUALES COMUNAS SEPTIMANATIM HABEBUNT GUSTOS, PRESBITERI

ET SCOLARES PREDICTI.

Ceterum quia contingit interdum fertilitatis et plenitudinis inter- dum vero sterilitatis et caristie annos et tempora passim juxta divine disposicionis arbitrium evenire, in quibus hominum victualia nunc pro minori tunc pro maiori precio comparari et vendi, ac juxta huiusmodi varietatem temporum in maiori vel minori habentur copia, nunc carius, nuncque facilius et copiosius poterint obtineri : nos igitur premissa debits ponderantes et in utroque casu predicto remedium congruum quatenus possumus apponere cupientes statui- mus, ordinamuSy et volumus quod vicecustodis, presbiterorum sociorum perpetuorum, ac capellanorum conducticiorum et magistri informatoris predicti nostri Collegii comune et victualia sint equates quodque juxta varietatem temporum predictorum et juxta discre- cionem disposicionem et ordinacionem custodis, vicecustodis, et bursarionim dicti nostri Collegii comune huiusmodi varientur. Statuentes preterea et eciam ordinantes quod in fertilitatis annis et temporibus copiosis, cum victualium habundancia sive copia fuerit, pro vicecustode ac quolibet dicti Collegii socio presbitero et capellano conducticio ac magistro infomiatore ibidem person- aliter existente duodecim denarii pro suis comunis septimanatim per manus bursariorum eiusdem nostri Collegii fideliter persol- vantur. In annis vero et temporibus maioris caristie cum contigc- rint comune huiusmodi juxta temporis qualitatem et exigenciam raritatemque ac caristiam victualium predictorum, necnon secundum varietatem augmentacionis precii bladorum^ usque ad tresdecim quatuordecim, et, necessitate poscente, ad sexdecim denariorum summam de bonis comunibus supradictis proportionabiliter et equabiliter augmententur ; ordinantes ac eciam statuentes quod quamdiu et quociens prima duodecim denariorum summa pro ip- sorum septimanatim comunis sufficiat, seu quovismodo possit suf- ficere competenter, summam non transcendant eandem, neque amplior summa pro ipsorum comunis huiusmodi de bonis dicti Collegii persolvatur nee aliqualiter ministretur; et idem de aliis summis singulis pro dictis, comunis superidis limitatis toto et omni tempore huiusmodi statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus firmiter et inviolabiliter observari. Demum vero, cum bussellus frumenti

^ Of grain.

Appendix XL

im solidonim in Wyntoni3 et in mercati ter per viginti quatuor dienim spactu

durante precio supradicto comunas pre tuos socios presbiteros, et eciam tres i lecnon magistnim informatoretn predict :ntes concementes, necessitate huiusmoc nmam octodecim denariorum tantuinnio< lugmentari. Statuentes ulterius, quod c ie bonis comunibus ipsius CoUegii, prout ualibus deserviatur secundum ordinacion'

custodis, vicecustodis et bursariorum pro hostiario vera duodecim denarii, e nostri Collegii in eodem personaliter exi: uolibet eciam trium claricorum capelle. lecem denarii pro comunis ipsonim sii Cur. Prefatas vero comuoas omnes et sit lus sed per manus bursarionun qui pro volumus et eciam ministrari. Volentes in

quod scolares dicti nostri Collegii infrf

sue annum existentes jantacula faabea dtebus et temporibus debit is et cons luod quater in anno quolibet compotus e igule tarn comunarum quam eciam on

intrinsecarum hospicii dicti Collegii pe: L, et tres seniores socios ipsius Collegii intur. Ita quod si aliquem in eS parte defi atim corrigant et reforment prout eis i ro utilitate et comodo Collegii supradicti

predictis singulis quarteriis supradictis n sine diminucione aliqua in ulilitatem < icut cetera bona eiusdem comunia rese: ir. Extraneos vero supervenientes qua E aliquando ex curialitate ' pro utilitate, co ollegii prefatum custodem oportebit fo luni recipi permittimus et eciam in victu m expensis per deliberacionem, avisamc custodis, vicecustodis, et bursariorum di ndis, preter et ultra omnes comunas su satisfaciet supradictum. In absencia ven Fuerint invitandi pro comodo vel honor* vicecustodem de consilio bursariorum qi itentur et in aulam communem predict psorum statum debits procurentur. ' Out of courtesy.

488

Annals of Winchester College.

XIV. QUOMODO GUSTOS, PRESBITERI SOCII ET SCOLARES SEDER£ DEBEANT IN MENSA, ET DE LECTURA BIBUE, ET SENES- CALLO AULE.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod custos, vicecustos, presbiteri socii perpetui, et capellani conducticii, scolaresque, et clerici capelle, ac omnes alii ministri et servientes dicti CoUegii prandeant cotidie in aula comuni et, cum cenare debeant, cenent in eadem, nisi dictus custos ex causS infirmitatis, vel alia necessaria vel rationabili, seorsum prandendum duxerit vel cenandum ; aut nisi vicecustodem vel aliquem presbiterorum et scolarium seu cleri- corum aut serviencium ex causis huiusmodi per dictum custodem, seu ipso absente vicecustodem, approbandis, in locis aliis prandere oporteat aut cenare. £t cum in ipsa aulS idem custos comederit, habeat secum in mensli vicecustodem, magistrum informatorem, et alios socios perpetuos dicti CoUegii presbiteros seniores. Ita tamen quod trium ferculorum numenim de seipsis non excedant. In mensis vero coUateralibus ex utrslque parte ipsius aule sedeant primo et principaliter alii perpetui socii presbiteri et capellani conducticii dicti CoUegii; deinde hostiarius, et postea scolares dicti CoUegii, sicut venerint, absque vendicacione superioris vel ante- rioris sedis vel loci proprii cuiuscunque, et absque festinancia vel tumultu per ipsorum aUquem faciendo. Quibus sic in aula come- dentibus dictos capeUe clericos deservire volumus et eciam minis- trare, qui postea cum aliis servitoribus et ministris comedere debent in aula predicts, habeantque sic sedentes unum de dictis scolaribus per magistrum deputandum bibliam, vitas Patrum, dicta doctorum *, vel aUquid sacre scripture tempore prandii legentem, quem in silencio epulantes audiant et diligenter auscultent. Statuentes pre- terea, quod de prefatis presbiteris sociis perpetuis unus senes- caUus aule cursori^' singulis septimanis existat, qui in septimana sua de omnibus victualibus emendis et expendendis cum adjutorio dispensatoris comunis ordinet et disponat, necnon parceUas om- nium et singularum empcionum, provisionum et expensarum pro illi septimanS scribat aut scribi faciat, et de eisdem una cum dis- pensatore predicto in fine septimane huiusmodi coram bursariis predictis iideliter computet et racionem reddere teneatur. Quod quidem officium senescalU singuli presbiteri socu predicti singulis septimanis vice suS, vicecustode duntaxat excepto, subire et as- sumere teneantur. Nolentes quod socius presbiter senescaUus huiusmodi occasione officii predicti in villam Wyntonie vel alibi extra Collegium transeat, vel a capella se absentet, vel a divinis officiis in eadem se abstineat quovismodo.

* Caxton printed a book called ' Dictes and Sayingesof the Phflosophers,' in the year 1477. " In course or turn.

fendix XL

iciendA im aula post PRj

ET CENAM.

m corponun per ciboru: rrilitates, turpiloquia, et, q

ad alia mala quam plurimi ■niter promptiores, minusq iusmodi ponderantes anim SSU9 alios commovent sit us, et volumus, ut singuli ltd prius Altissimo pro : Emporia intervallo, potu d istrato, et post potacionea : scolares ab aulS reced I permittant, nisi in festis

nisi quando consilia do: igencia immediate inibi

reverenciam ac sue Mab yemati ignis in aul£ soc bus et sociis post tempu 9 in cantilenis, et aliis sol . et poemata, regnorum era que statuni clericalea

INTRODUCENDIS AD ONUS

I, et volumus, quod nuU entes, fratres, consanguii s, unum vel plures in ip (uam sociorum aut scols istici prestet impedimeni aliunde societati, scolaril 1 vel dampnosus. Si ta lictorum pater, frater, ni licus, ad eonun aliquem 1 intendimus prohibere qi stodis licencia et con sen itibus propriis sine one nto vel dampno sociorum M^, prout placet, duobus ntes ut nullus extraneus i existat infra dictum Col iliqualiter in eodem, nisi e hour of Curfew.

490 Annals of Winchesier College,

pro negociis vel consiliis eiusdem specialiter sit retentus, vel cum absque incomodo seu scandalo CoUegii predict! honest^ non po- tent evitari : talisque per custodem vel de ipsius mandato ad per- noctandum ibidem tantummodo invitetur. Nolumus insuper, quod aliquis alius cuiuscunque statCls, gradOs, aut condidonis existat, ad faciendum cum eis moram infra dictum Collegium ultra dictos duos dies, vel ad ponendum seu solvendum comunas, vel aliquid aliud racione comunarum, vel more sue longioris faciende ibidem in dicto nostro Collegio recipiatm* vel ali^ admittatur. Si qnis vero dicti nostri Collegii aliquem extraneum ad pemoctandum infradictum Col- legium contra tenorem presentis nostri statuti admiserit, seu pemoc- tacioni huiusmodi causam dedent, pro prima vice per septimanam, pro secunda vice per quindenam, et pro terci^ vice per mensem comunis suis privetur et careat ipso facto : et si quis postea ia ea parte culpabilis inventus fuerit, pena ipsa contra cum debite ag- gravetur secundum discrecionem et moderacionem custodis vel vicecustodis et bursariorum nostri Collegii memoratL Permittimus tamen quod iilii nobilium et valencium personarum dicti Collegii specialiter amicorum usque ad numerum decenarium infra idem Collegium in gramatica instrui valeant et eciam informari absque onere Collegii supradicti. Ita quod ed occasione prejudicium, dampnum, vel scandalum custodi, presbiteris, scolaribus, vel clericis aut alicui ministrorum eiusdem Collegii non fiant aut eveniant quovismodo. Inhibentes preterea, ne conventicule aut tractatus' aliqui per aliquos forinsecos, laicos vel clericos, infra Collegium fiant imposterum quovismodo.

XVI I. Quod scolares et presbiteri non absentent se a Collegio

PREDICTO, AUT CANES TENEANT, AUT PORTENT ARMA.

Item statuimuSy ordinamus, et volumus, quod nuUus de scolaribus presbiteris sociis perpetuis et conducticiis, aut magister informator, vel hostiarius se absentent a dicto Collegio ultra unum mensem in anno aliquo continuum vel interpellatis vicibus discontinuum, nisi ex causi vera et.legitima per custodem dicti Collegii aut ipso cus- tode absente per vicecustodem et socium presbiterum seniorem tunc presentem approbanda; quodque nullus scolaris sine licencia custodis vel in ipsius absencia vicecustodis et magistri informa- toris Collegium exeat vel in civitatem aut sokam Wyntonie extra presenciam custodis, vicecustodis, seu magistri informatoris pre- dict! vadat quovismodo. Statuentes preterea, quod nullus scdaris aut socius presbiter vel minister seu serviens Collegii predict! teneat vel habeat canes venaticos, retia, aut ferrettos, nisosS vel accipitres, piscacionem aut venacionem faciat vel exerceat, ludat

^ Prayer meetings and Sermons. ' Sparrow-hawks.

Appendix XL 491

vel sagittet, aut jaceat, infra dictum Collegium vel extra, unde dampnum vel jactura inferatur capelle, claustro, vel domibus ip- sius CoUegii quovismodo; ac quod nullus presbiterorum extra Collegium predictum in civitate Wyntonie vel sokA Wyntonie aut locis aliis per quatuor milliarum spacium a dicto Collegio mi- nime distantibus pemoctet nisi ex caus& necessarii, racionabili, vel honestd coram dicto custode vel in eius absenci^ vicecustode et bursariis exposita et per eum vel eos approbandi. Inhibentes insuper omnibus et singulis presbiteris et scolaribus dicti nostri Collegii unlversis, ne comam nutriant sive barbam, neque soculari- bus^ rostratiSy aut capuciis nodulatis utantur, aut gladios, cultel* losve longos seu anna alia infra Collegium, vel extra in civitate Wyntonie, suburbio, aut - soki eiusdem absque licencia custodis de- ferant, nee tabernas, spectacula, vel alia loca inhonesta exerceant aut frequentent ; sed a locis huiusmodi et comitivis suspectis abstineant omnimodo. Quibus insuper presbiteris caligas rubeas et virides inter- dicimus omnimodo.

XVIII. QUALES EXPENSAS HABEBUNT SOCII, QUI MISSI FUERINT

IN NEGOCIIS COLLEGII MEMORATL

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod sociis presbiteris, qui pro negociis dicti Collegii ad extra transmissi fuerint, expense de bonis eiusdem Collegii comunibus utiles et necessarie, prout justum fuerit, juxta negociorum procurandorum qualitatem, loci distanciam, et temporis exigenciam, arbitrio custodis vel vicecustodis et bursariorum dicti Collegii ministrentur et finaliter allocentur; ipsique eorum qui sic missi fuerint ad reddendum coram personis predictis fidelem compotum de huiusmodi expensis factis in veris et certis parcellis singillatim per eos factis infra tres dies post- quam ad domum redierint in virtute juramenti in ipsorum admis- sione dicto Collegio prefati, ac in eorum conscienciis sint pre- sentis auctoritate statuti arcitis onerati. Ab illis vero sociis et scolaribus, qui de licenciS in negociis propriis absentes fuerint, commune concementes eosdem pro tempore absencie sue huiusmodi sint subtracte et in incrementum et sustentacionem dicti Collegii nostri, vel alia bona eiusdem comunia, permaneant atque cedant

XIX. Quod non sint detractores, conspiratores, manutentores

ET SUSURRONES IN CoLLEGIO VEL AuAs DISCORDIAM SEMI- NANTES SEU ECIAM PROCURANTES, AUT CONSENCIENTES EISDEM.

Item quia detractores, conspiratores, manutentores et susurrones seminantes, suscitantes, procurantes, vel manutenentes discordiam,

1 Sotulares ; subtalares, dress or fancy shoes.

492

Annals of Winchester College,

invidiam, iram, rixam, litis seu dissencionis materiam, dampna, scandala et scismata quamplura dampnabiliter inducunt, odium provocant, et omnino charitatem expellimt, statuimusy ordinamus^ et volumus, eciam firmiter precipimus custodi omnibusque sociis presbiteris et scolaribus ac aiiis quibuscunque personis dicti nostri CoUegii prope W3mtoniam presentibus et flituris, ac in vis- ceribus Jesu Christi obsecramus eciam et rogamus, ac sub optentu felicitatis vite presentis pariter et eteme, et sub obtestacione divini judicii, ut in omnibus et super omnia unitatem ac mutuam inter se charitatem, pacem, concordiam ac dileccionem fratemam ex quo inter socios quoddam genus fratemitatis esse dinoscitur, semper habeant, teneant, in omnibusque observent, et pro eis nutriendis et fovendis anhelent pro viribus atque zelent; quodque omnes et omnimode scurrilitates, verba immunda, contumeliosa et brigosa^, contenciosa, rixosa, dampnosa susurria ; jurgia, turpi- loquia, derisiones atque alia verba nociva, tediosa, scandalosa, et obprobriosa quecunque, comparacionesque generis ad genus, no- bilitatis ad nobilitatem vel ad ignobilitatem, necnon speciales aut precellentes prerogative causa commonendi maliciose socios in ore omnium et personis singulorum, cessent omnino ubique, tarn infra dictum Collegium, quam extra, in publico et privato. Alio- quin si quis presbiterorum dictorum in premissis, vel eonim aliquo, suspectus seu ali^ infamatus existat, et super eisdem vel aliquo eorundem per testes ydoneos coram custode dicti nostri Collegii, assidentibus sibi vicecustode sacrists et bursariis, per eius confessionem coram eis factam, vel ali^ |>er facti evi- denciam reus, judicio omnium vel maioris partis ipsorum mani- festo apparuerit, extunc presentis nostre ordinacionis et statuti vigore, cuius publicacionem loco monicionis legitime nulla alia monicione premissS seu ali^s requisita haberi volumus in hoc casu pro primS vice per quindenam, pro secund^ vice per unum mensem, et si tercio deliquerit, per duos menses, comunis suis et omnibus distribucionibus ac percepcionibus aliis, quas de ipso nostro Collegio medio tempore esset ali^ percepturus, careat ipso facto ; et acrii!is puniatur, si delicti vel facti qualitas id exposcat Si vero quarta vice quis deliquerit, in hoc casu et in e& parte, modo quo premittitur, convictus fuerit, a dicto nostro Collegio ipsum perpetuo exclusum et privatum fore ipso facto, nulla alia monicione permissS, statuimus, volumus, et eciam ordinamus, absque cuiuscun- que appellacionis remedii vel querele, nulla dicti custodis seu alterios persone cuiuscunque remissione seu dispensacione sibi quomodo- libet valiturIL £t insuper, ut premissa arcius evitentur, quemlibet presbiterum socium in ipsum nostrum Collegium recipiendum ad

' Contentious.

statuti in ipsius sub ipsius debitc

CtENDlS CIRCA DEI

t volumus, quod ; quartum decimutr orum eiusdem crii t, de quo probabiJ I custodcm, aut ju socits, seu magfsti er eum in dicto ' lella inordinate se ion gerat, vel alii iqueril, per quod inimfe generetur, ^er vicecustodem nmissis, et sub p habuerit in Colh talia quomodolibe ic delinquenlem ji ctus, vel in ipsiu eracione predicto { ; quas correccion ntradiccionis appe r, et in casu quo I icriiis procedatur •

nis humanitatis p ,t, statuimus, ordin; legii scolarem inf mensem eciam, s

in et de dicto < isem eiua duret ii us propinqufi rec<

unde potent sust( /enire, tunc ipsum irari, percipiendo tti sequentes com r tantum tempus i lie, quod omnes i } tunc de proxin

494 Annals of Winchester College.

non fiierit, eztunc deanant esse scolares nostri CoUegii memorati, aliique loco eomiidein ad dictum Colleghim prope Wyntoniain qaam- cidus fieri potest infra octo dies realiter admittantur, ut numenis sociorum et scolarium Coll^;ii nostri Qxonie quandoctinque ipsom minui contigerit de scolaribus Collegii nostri prope Wyntoniam pre- dictis suffidenter instructis et ydoneis semper poterit adimpleri jtixta ordinadones nostras et statuta edita in hac parte. Nostfx>s vero consanguineos infirmitatem padentes in ipso Coll^o volumus commorari et eis de cibis et potibus ac aliis necessariis eonun infirmitatibus congruentibus durante infirmitate eorundem de bonis comunibus dicti Coll^ii, prout opus fiierit, ministrari. Si aatem infirmitatem perpetuam seu morbimi contagiosum iidem nostri consanguinei habuerint, ipsos tunc extra Collegium in loco honesto, quern elegerint, volumus commorari, et eorum cuilibet possessiones aut redditus, spirituales aut temporales, ad valorem annuum centum solidorum, ut premittitur, non habenti pro victualibus et aliis sibi necessariis duos solidos duntaxat singulis septimanis, quoad vixerint, annuatim persolvi per maiius bursariorum Collegii supradictL Ad quam quidem solucionem ipsos custodem et bursarios artari volu- mus sub ipsorum debito prestid juramentL Proviso quod expense circa consanguineos nostros vigore presentis nostri statud seu al- terius cuiuscunque ex speciali prerogadva quomodoUbet iadende ipsiusque percepciones annue preter et ultra omnia alia que ut ceteri died Collegii scolares sunt in et de eodem Collegio alias percepturi in uno et eodem anno viginti librarum summum aliqua- tenus non transcendant.

XXII. Propter quas causas possit et debet custos a Collegio AMMovERi ; et de modo et formA removendi eundeh;

ET QUALrTER SUCCURRITUR EIDEM EX CAUSIS HONESTIS AMMOTO.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod dictus custos Collegii prope Wyntoniam propter dilapidacionem alienadonem terrarum, tenementorum, reddituum, possessionum spiritualium et tempora- lium, seu destruccionem vel alienacionem illicitam bonorum et reruin ipsius Collegii, incontinenciam gravem, negligenciam intolera- bilem, homicidium voluntarium, aliamque causam legitimam quam- cunque ipsum custodem omnino reddentem inhabilem, necnon propter infirmitatem contagiosam perpetuam, cuius pretextu non poterit absque gravi scandalo ulterius officium huiusmodi occupare, ab officio ammoveatur predicto. Et tunc ante processum alium contra eum faciendum, ad cedendum voluntari^ et gratis officio suo predicto per custodem Collegii nostri Oxonie et socios juratos ciusdem Collegii seu vicecustodem et eosdem socios supervisionis

Appendix XJ.

tempore effectualiter inducatur et eciam requiratur ; et ^ Gp idem custos Collegii prope Wyntoniam cedere noluerit, tunc co sociique jurati Collegii nostri Oxonie, seu vicecustos et socii dicti et alii socii presbiteri Collegii nostri prope Wyntoniam, ip custodis crimina, defectus, vel excessus seu causam ammoci eiusdem Episcopo Wyntoniensi qui pro tempore fuerit vel ip vicario in spiritualibus general!, aut, sede vacante, custodi spiiiti tatis eiusdem per duos ipsius Collegii prope Wyntoniam discreci' socios, per dictum custodem soctosque jurat os Collegii n< Oxonie vel vicecustodem et socios eosdem ac per maiorem par omnium sociorum presbiterorum Collegii nostri prope Wynlon etectoscum litteris eonmdem dicti Collegii prope Wyntoniam con sigitlo si absque diflicultate haberi poterit, alioquin sigillo alio auc tico sigillatis, signo et subscripcione alicuius notarii publici com nitis, defectus, crimina, et excessus seu causam ammocioais huiusn continentibus, denuncient et insinuent sine mora. Episcopus v vicarius, aut custos spiritualitatis predicte de criminibus, defecti et excessibus, vel aliis causis huiusmodi summari^ et de plan extrajudicialiter cognoscens si per probaciones vel informacic legitimas ministralas huiusmodi deuunciata et suggesta que ad posicionem vel ammocionem custodis predict! sufficere detx repererit esse vera, statim ab officio deponat et ab administraci ammoveat indilat6 ; dictique Collegii Oxonie custodi et sociis s bat et injungat, ut ad eleccionem novi custodis Collegii nostri pi Wyntoniam juxta modum et formam in eiusdem Collegii stat limitatos procedant. Cessante in hac parte cuiuscunque appellacii et querele ac quocunque alio juris et facti remedio per quod hu modi deposicio vel ammocio custodis potent impediri. Cui quit olim custodi sic, ut prefettur, cedent! vel ammoto, dum tamen propter crimina vel excessus cesserit vel ammotus fuerit, si aliu ultra valorem vigintt marcarum !n spiritualibus vel temporal! promotua non fuerit, extra Collegium moraturo viginti marce nuatim ad quatuor anni terminos principales pro sustentacione et pro omnibus sib! nccessariis de bonis Collegii annis sing miuistrentur. Custos vero promotus ultra summam viginti. n carum predictarum ex quScunque causa cedens vel ammotus ni penitus percipiet de bonis Collegii ex post facto. Et si forsan q quam post cessionem aut ammocionem huiusmodi receperit bonis Collegii supradicti, vel prius recepta sib! et usui suo ap caverit, preter ilia que sibi et officio suo pro porcione suS dis nuntur ad refusionem et restitucionem eorundem per successoi suum modis et viis possibilibus compellatur. Ad quam quid restitucionem faciendam in virtute juramenti in prefecdone prestiti eciam noverit se adstrictum.

n

496 Annals of Winchester College.

XXIII. Propter quas causas honestas et racionabiles presbi-

TERI SOCII FINAUTER DEBENT A COLLEGIO RECEDERE HEMORATO.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod si quis presbi- terorum sociorum ipsius nostri Collegii religionem intraverit, et ia ipsa per mensem steterit, quamvis in ipsH professionem non fecerit, vei ab ipso nostro CoUegio ultra unum mensem in anno aliquo continuum vel interpellatis vicibus discontinuum, nisi in negociorum dicti Collegii prosecucione, seu ex alia causa vera et legitima per custodem et maiorem partem sociorum presbiterorum dicti Collegii approbandii se absentaverit, ipsum auctoritate presentis statuti a dicto Collegio eiusque comunis et comodis privatum et ammotum fore decemimus ipso facto, ac extunc pro non socio habeatur. Statuentes preterea, quod quicunque presbiterorum sociorum die- torum volens ex causis aliis a dicto Collegio voluntari^ recedere custodem vel vicecustodem per sex menses ante recessum suum de ipsius recessu, si sibi per tantum tempus de eo consdterit, pre- muniat sub ipsius debito juramenti, ut interim de alio presbitero ydoneo loco eiusdem debits valeat provided.

XXIV. Propter quas causas scolares a dicto Collegio

DEBENT AMMOVERI.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod si quis scolarium dicti nostri Collegii quartumdecimum etatis sue annum excedens super fiirto notabili, peijurio manifesto, homicidio voluntario, adul- terio notorio, incestu, vel atroci percussione custodis, socii pres- biteri, magistri informatoris seu hostiarii sub ipso, vel scolaris de Collegio lesionem enormem inferente convictus existat, vel aliquod aliud perpetraverit, per quod grave dampnum vel scandalum dicto nostro Collegio generetur; seu si quis ipsorum, cuiuscunque etatis fuerit, professionem in aliquS religione approbata fecerit, matri- moniumve contraxerit, seu a scolis ipsius Collegii ultra unum men- sem in anno continue vel discontinue numerandum a dicto Collegia absque causS racionabili, per custodem dicti Collegii et magistrum informatorem in grammatica approbandS, se absentaverit ; vel post- quam aliquis scolarium predictorum, nostris consanguineis exceptis, possessiones spirituales vel temporales annul valoris centum soli- dorum pacific^ adeptus fuerit, extunc a dicto Collegio expellatur, eiusque comunis et comodis presentis nostre ordinacionis et statuti vigore, nullll alill monicione premissA, absque cuiuscunque appella- cionis vel querele aut alio juris seu facti remedio, perpetu6 sit pri- vatus penitCis et exclusus. Quemlibet vero nostrum consanguineum cum viginti libras in possessionibus aut redditibus spiritualibus vel temporalibus, ipsorum oneribus supportatis, expendere poterit annuatim a dicto Collegio ammoveri volumus penitus et excludL

Appendix XL 497

XXV. Propter que crimina, deucta, et excessus presbiteri

SOCII A DICTO COLLEGIO PEMITUS AMMOVERI VOLUMUS ET EXPELU.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod si contra aliquem presbiterorum dicti nostri Collegii infamia oriatur super heresi, simonia, peijurio manifesto, furto notabili, homicidio voluntario, adul- terio notorio, vel incestu, percussione custodis, socii perpetui vel pres- biteri, magistri seu hostiarii sub ipso, vel scolaris dicti nostri Collegii lesionem enormem inferente in casu a jure non permisso, vel super aliquo de criminibus maioribus, aut quod notorius fornicator existat, seu quod conventiculas, conspiraciones,confederaciones, seu pacciones illicitas contra statum dicti Collegii nostri fecerit, inierit, aut ipsas fieri procuraverit, aut aliud factum perpetraverit, per quod grave dampnum, prejudicium, vel scandalum predicto nostro CoUegio generetur, et de premissis, vel eorum aliquo, coram custode dicti nostri Collegii, assidentibus sibi quinque de aliis presbiteris sociis dicti nostri Collegii senioribus, per ipsius confessionem, aut testes ydoneos ipsorum custodis et presbiterorum sociorum judido approbandos, vel per facti evidenciam convictus fuerit, extunc ipsum a dicto nostro Collegio presentis nostre ordinacionis et vigore statuti ex- pelli volumus, ac ipso facto perpetuo fore privatum eodem, pre- dicti custodis seu alterius cuiuscunque remissione seu dispensacione ipsiusve convicti appellacione seu querela aut alio juris remedio in hac parte sibi minime valituris. £t insuper ut premissa caucius evitentur quemlibet presbiterum in dicti nostri Collegii socium perpetuum admittendum ad observacionem presentis nostri statuti omniumque et singulorum statutorum et ordinacionum eiusdem Collegii nostri prope Wyntoniam in ipsius recepcione primariS specialiter artari volumus sub ipsius debito juramentL

XXVL De porcione custodis, presbiterorum sociorum, et

AUORUM MINISTRORUM DICTI CoLLEGII.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod custos Collegii nostri prope Wyntoniam pro ipsius labore in officio suo predicto no- mine stipendii viginti libras sterlingorum ; quilibet eciam de decem presbiteris sociis perpetuis predictis pro stipend] o suo centum solidos sterlingorum ; quilibet vero capellanorum conducticiorum quadraginta solidos, si sic conduci potent, sin autem, prout custos predictus usque ad summam quatuor marcarum cum eo melius potent convenire ; magister informator scolarium decem libras, hostiarius scolarium sub ipso quinque marcas ultra cotidi- mas comunas et robas suas ac alia que recipient in et de Collegio supradicto; ac quilibet de tribus clericis capdle conducticiis, ultra

Kk

'^

498 Annals of Winchester College,

mensam suam et liberatam panni, vigind solidos pro sdpendiis eonindem percipiant annuatim. Ordinantes preterea quod de equis competentibus unil cum sellis et aliis necessariis hemessiis pro ei»- dem dictum Collegium provideat de bonis ipsius CoUegii comunibus ad opus Collegii et aliorum in negociis dicti Collegii equitancium, duobus equis ciun femiris, hemessiis et aliis necessariis pro eisdem, pro custode videlicet et clerico sive domicello ipsius competentibus duntaxat exceptis, quos et que dictus custos in empcione et ip- sorum mutacione, quociens opus fuerit, suis sumptibus propnis inveniet et eciam ordinabit Quibus quidem equis tarn custodis quam Collegii de feno et pabulo de bonis predictis volumus providerL Volentes insuper, quod custos predictus tres secum habeat proprios servientes, quorum unus clericus vel domicellus, alius valettus, et tercius garcio existat, qui, sicut ceteri familiares dicti Collegii de bonis eiusdem comunibus juxta statum et condi- cionem ipsorum in victualibus procurentur, necnon liberatam an- nuam competentem et stipendium percipiant de bonis comunibus Collegii supradictL Ita tamen quod non plus quam viginti soiidi pro clerico sive domicello, pro valetto vero tresdecim soiidi et quatuor denarii, necnon pro garcione sex soiidi octo denarii allo- centur, seu quomodolibet persolvantiu*. Quo quidem custode in negociis Collegii de avisamento, consilio, et consensu vicecustodis et bursariorum eiusdem extra villam agente, quociens id contigerit, pro omnibus expensis suis et omnium aliorum secum in dictis negociis laborancium, necnon aliorum per ipsum pro utilitate, co- modo, et honore dicti Collegii invitandorum, Collegium de bonis ipsius comunibus satisfaciet memoratum. Si autem in negociis suis propriis absens fuerit, time de bonis suis propriis procuretur. In- super ut honor dicti nostri Collegii debits conservetur, charitasque in eodem ampliCis procuretur, et per Dei graciam magis et magis habundet, statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod in singulis fesds infrascriptis, videlicet in Testis Natalis Domini, Sanctorum Inno- cencium, Circumdsionis Domini, Epiphanie Domini, Purificadonis beate Marie, Annunciacionis beate Marie, Pasche, Ascensionis Domini, Pentecostes, Trinitatis, Corporis Christi, Nativitatis Sancd Johannis Baptiste, Apostolorum Petri et Pauli, Translacionis Sancd Swithuni, Assumpcionis beate Mane, Nativitatis eiusdem, Omnium Sanctorum, Concepcionis beate Marie, et Sancti Nicholai, custody sociis presbiteris, capellanis conducticiis, magistro informatori, hos- tiario, et scolaribus, ut in diebus huiusmodi lautiiis epulentur, ultra cotidianas comunas eis concessas quinque soiidi de bonis comuni- bus per manus bursariorum qui pro tempore fuerint ministrentur.

-;tbT5> S'

■s

1

Appendix XL 499

XXVII. De comuni annua vestium liber atA.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod custos et decern presbiteri socli petpetui CoUegii nostri prope Wintoniam ac tres alii presbiteri conducticii et magister informator scolarium in grama- tica erga festum Nativitatis in annis singulis impeq3etuum de bonis comunibus diet! CoUegii de una et eMem secta vestiantur. Et quod custos habeat pro parte sua duodecim virgatas panni et qui- libet de ceteris presbyteris sociis ac magister informator scolarium in gramatica percipiat octo virgatas panni ; quilibet eciam de ca- pellanis conducticiis sex virgatas ; hostiarius vero quinque virgatas, precii cuiuslibet integri panni continentis ad minus vigintiquatuor virgatas sufficienter aquati, siccati, et tonsi, quadraginta duorum solidorum, in toto; de quo quidem panno prefatus custos secun- dum statds sui et gradtls condecenciam ; ceteri vero presbiteri socii et alii conducticii ac magister et hostiarius predicti robas talares sibi confici faciant condecenter. Volumusque quod qui- libet socius perpetuus CoUegii predicti ac magister informator scolarium eiusdem tres soUdos et quatuor denarios pro furrursl robe sue predicte percipiat annuatim. Statuentes preterea quod scolares dicti nostri CoUegii universi et tres clerici de capelli eius- dem CoUegii erga dictum festum Nativitatis Domini singuUs annis imperpetuum de bonis comunibus dicti CoUegii de unS et alia sects vestiantur. Ita tamen quod pannus huiusmodi de albo vel nigro aut russeto vel glauco colore non existat, et quod tantum de panno huiusmodi ipsorum cuiUbet tribuatur, de quo unam togam talarem cum capucio sibi facere poterit condecenter; et quod quiUbet pan- nus pro dictis scolaribus et clericis capeUe comparandus aquatus, siccatus, et tonsus vigintiquatuor virgatas ad minus contineat, et precium triginta trium soUdorum et quatuor denariorum non ex- cedat; et quod nullus scolaris Uberatam suam huiusmodi iUo anno quo ipsam perceperit, nisi in diebus dominicis et festivis, aut in pro- cessionibus vel convocacionibus solemnibus, aut aU^ ex causH alii racionabiU per custodem vel vicecustodem approbandS, se in- duat quovismodo. Statuentes insuper, quod nuUus scolarium pre- dictorum vestibus stragulatis, variegatis, seu diversis coloribus partitis aut ordini clericaH minimi congruentibus quovismodo uta- tur quamdiu steterit in CoUegio supradicto. Inhibentes insuper custodi ac omnibus et singuUs presbiteris sociis perpetuis et capel- lanis conducticiis necnon magistro informatori et hostiario sub ipso qui per tempore fuerint, ne Uberatam suam dicti CoUegii infra quinquennium a tempore recepcionis Uberate eiusdem ven- dant, impignerent, sive donent, vel extra CoUegium predictum', de- ponant, vel aUo ab quocunque alienacionis titulo alienent eciam vel concedant, preterquam ipsius CoUegii pauperibus scolaribus,

K k 2

500 Annals of Winchester College.

et in casu inferi£is designato. Scolaribus edam dicti nostri Collegii omnibus et singulis inhibemus, ne liberatam suam predictam infra triennium a tempore recepccionis eiusdem computandum vendant, impignerenty donent, vel extra Collegium predictum deponant, vel aliiis quocunque alienacionis titulo alienent vel concedant Permitd- mus tamen custodi, presbiteris, magistro informatori, et hostiario predictis, quod ipsi liberatam suam precedentem died Collegii sco- laribus pauperibus sen choristis gratis dare valeant liberaliter et conferre si voluerint intuitu charitatis.

XXVIII. De precibus oracionibus et auis suffragiis per custo-

DEM ET SOCIOS PRESBFrEROS PERPETUOS ET CONDUCnaOS CLERICOS DICENDIS.

Item statuimusy ordlnamus, et volumus, quod custos dicti nostri Collegii prope Wyntoniam necnon presbiteri socii perpetui omnes et singuli qui pro tempore fuerint in eodem Collegio singulis diebus cum de lecto surrexerint, et de ser5 antequam lectum intrsi- verint, aut aliis horis diei vel noctis, si dictis temporibus aliqua justs et honest^ de causa fuerint impediti in honore sanctissime et individue Trinitatis dicant illam antiphonam de Trinitate Dbtra NoSy et cetera, cum versiculo BemtUcamus Pairem et Filium cum Sancto Spiritu cum oracione consueta, videlicet Omnipotens sempi- teme Deus et dum fuerimus in hac vitS cum oracione adjunct^ que sequitiu* Rege quesumusy Dofmne, poniificem fundaiorem nos- trum ; cum ver6 subtracti fuerimus ab hac luce adjuncta oracione ilia DeiiSy qui inter apostolicos sacerdotes /amuJum tuum jwidor torem nostrum poniificali eOgnitate, et cetera oracionis loco Regi quesumuSy Domine supradicte. Dicat eciam eorum quilibet quolibet die, horS qud voluerit, pro animabus illustrissimi principis Domini Edvardi Regis Anglie Tercii et domine Philippe Regine conjugis sue ac Edvardi filii eorum primogeniti, patrisque et matris nostrorum, necnon et post mortem nostram pro animS nostrS, necnon pro ani- mabus Domini Ricardi Regis Anglie illustris secundi, et Domine Anne consortis sue, cum ab hac luce subtracti fuerint ^ et animabus omnium fidelium, psalmum ilium De Profundis danutvi cum Kyrie eleison et oracione dominica cum salutacione Angelica more solito, et cum oracionibus IncUna Domine et Fidelium Deus, cum recitacione nominum patris et matris nostrorum predictonun, videlicet Johannis et Sibille, ac post mortem nostram premissam oracionem illam Deus, qui inter apostolicos sacenhies. Item vo- lumus et ordinamus quod omnibus et singulis diebus per annum in capelli predicti nostri Collegii prope Wyntoniam post altam missan

^ This Statute must have been drawn in or before 1394, since Anne 0 Bohemia died in that year.

Appendix XI. 501

nam ac horam completorii ' dicatur in choro a apelle presbiterts et ministris in comuni stando inmdem a choro psalmum De profuwUs cum et salutacione Angelica, necnon oradonlbus dum Domitu et Absolve quesumus et cum ab hac I, cum oracionibus Drus qui inter aposlolicos, MS, Quibus sic dicds et completis dicat rector audiencia Anima futidatoris nostri Wililutmi et •Hunt defunctorMm per misericordiatn Dei in pace imiliterque prcdictum psalmum cum oracionibus idium et eciam post cenam in aula post gracias raus singulis diebus imperpetuum. Volentes pre- i predict! die una preces predictas propter varias s omittant die alia sequente supplere potenint sic dinacionibus et statutis non obstantibus supra- lus omnibus ipsorum omnium et singulorum con- ssimum artiiis oneramus.

) DICEKDI UISSAS UATirTIHAS St ALIAS HORA5

iCAS IN capellA Collegii hcuorati, et de or-

ITANDI IN CHORO CAPELLE PREDICTE.

ordinamus, et volumus, quod singulis diebus per latutine, misse, et alie hore canonice de die in ii prope Wyntoniam cum cantu et notS per pres- petuos eiusdem Collegii et alios capellanos et ios ad hoc, ut premittitur, specialiter deputatos tur secundum usum et consuetudinem ecclesie I ac diatinccionem et ordinacionem inferiiis an- ^ngulis diebus inter quartam et quintam pulsa- sive orilogii pulsent ad matutinas, nisi proper ut aliam causam racionabilem cititis aut tardiCls odis aut sacriste pulsandum. Si quis vero de iteris aut capellanis conducticiis a divinis officiis

premittitur, celebrandis absque causa radonabili 1, ipso absente, vicecustodem approbanda prc- re, pro qualibet vice absencie huiusmodi a matu- ^peris, duo denarii, a prime vero tercie, sezte, pletorii ofBciis pro qualibet horarum huiusmodi btrahantur de stipendio presbiteri sic absentis

ultra eorum septimanales comunas applicandi. lus quod si quis predictorum presbiterorum seu 'a culpabilis fuerit in premissis pcena huiusmodi er custodem predictum debits aggravetur, prout ■mi Vespers, about 7 o'clock ; tbe Ust service of the day.

504 Annals of Winchester College.

Regis Anglie tercii, domine Philippe Regine nuper consords sue, Edvardi filii primogeniti eonindem, principis Aquitanie et Wallie, Domini Rlcardi Regis Anglie secundi et Domine Anne consortis sue atque nostr& cum migraverint et migraverimus ex hac luce, Johannis patris nostri et Sibille matris nostre, Radulphi de Sutton militis, Johannis de Scures militis, et Thome de Fozle, Andree Gerveys, et Johannis Wodelok, ceteroramque nostri et ipsius Col- legii benefactonim, et omnium fidelium defunctorum cum oracioni- bus sequentibus ; primd videlicet Deus qui inler apostolicos ; secunda IncUna, Domine; et tercia Fidelium Deus. Tercia vero missa erit de die secundum temporis anni exigenciam cum ora- cionibus secundiun ordinale et usum ecdesie Sarum. Diebus vero illis, quando plenum sit servicium de Sancta MariOy erit tunc prima missa de Solus populi aut pro pace vel de cruce vel alia missa de Sancto diebus huiusmodi contingente juxta disposicionem custodis vel vicecustodis predictorum in oracione de missi et aliis quatuor oracionibus supradictis. Quas omnes tres missas ad summum altare dicte capeUe per notam et cum cantu volimius celebrari die Parasceues, quo die misse de Scmda Mctria et de Requiem did non debent, et die natalis Domini (in quii propter festi ipsius exceUendam dictam missam de Requiem ad dictum summum altare vd aliud altare capelle predicte celebrari permit- timus sine notS), dumtaxat exceptis. Dictarum vero septem mis- sarum due alie misse secundum devocionem celebrandum cele- brande, una videlicet specialiter pro animS Dni Radulphi de Sutton militis defuncti, et alia eciam spedaliter pro animabus Dni Johannis de Scures militis, Thome Foxle, Andree Gerve3rs, et Johannis Wode- lok defunctorum cum oracionibus Deus, cut soU competU medi" cinam pnstare post mortem, IncUna Domine, et Fidelium Deus, Relique vero misse de septem missis predictis cum oracionibus Rege, quesumus, Domine, dum fuerimus in humanis, et post mortem nostram Deus, qui inter apostolicos, IncUna Domine et Fidelium Deus, in capella predicts devodtis celebrentur. Quas quidem septem missas per presbiteros predictos intervicissim et cur- sorie limitandos volumus celebrari, nisi cum maiorem missam de die vd aliquam aliam missam de septem missis predictis per custodem vel personam aliam extraneam celebrari contingat, tunc enim de sex missis per dictos presbiteros celebrandis volumus contentarL £t si, quod absit, propter infirmitatem sodorum presbiterorum vel capellanorum conductidorum seu casum alium justam causam ex- cusacionis in hac parte a£ferentem prefate septem misse per eosdem sodos et capellanos did et compleri non poterunt, ut prefertur, time ad missas huiusmodi dicendas et complendas capellanos alios tem- poribus huiusmodi assumi et provided sumptibus et expensis om- nium sociorum presbiterorum in comuni, preterquam in esculentis

Appendix XI.

et poculentis, que habebunt capeliani sic adsumpti cum aliis a in aula comuni de bonis comunibus nostri Collegii supradicti quod nullo unquam tempore deficiant alique de septem missis DOS supertfts limitatis, Statuentes preterea et eciam ordinante ceteri presbiteri dicti omnes et sioguli dictas septem missas nim^ celebrantes (quos singulis septimanis ter ad minus cess impedimento legitimo volumus celebrare) !□ singulis eonim n dum fuerimus in humanis dicant pro nobis illam colleclam guesutMus, Domine ac pro animabus Domini Edvardi regis Ai tercii et domine Philippe nuper consortis sue Anglie regin Edvardi principis Wailie primogeniti eorundem, et pro anim domini Ricardi Regis Anglie illustris secundi, et domine i Regine Anglie consortis sue cum ab hac luce migraverint, i collectam Jnclitta, Domine, aurem iuatn ; necnon pro anim patris et matris nostrorum, pretjictorum benefactorum et omi fidelium defunctorum Fidtliutn Deus. Post mortem vero nos loco coUecte Heg* quesumus, Domint dicant predict! prest Deus, qui inter aposlolicos. Et nihilominus dictos presbii in singulis eorum missis per eos, ut premittitur, celebrandi eorum memento infra canonem missarum huiusmodi speci memoriam pro salubri statu dicti domini nostri Regis Ricari Anne consortis sue Anglie regine atque nostro, dum fuerii foerimus in hac vitS, specialiter inter vivos ; necnon inter moi pro animabus Johannis patris et Sibille matris nostrorum et nium defunctorum predictonim ac aliorum nostri et dicti Co benefactorum quorum nomina in quSdam tabula recitari fee plenids et conscribi, et pro anima nostra cum ab hac Domino disponente, subtract! fuerimus, imperpetuum facere ' mus et habere. Hoc insuper statuendo adjicimus quod dicti ci et socii presbiteri qui pro tempore fuerint statim cum p sciverint mortem nostram, et extunc perpetuis temporibus i singulis die obitQs nostri, si tunc absque impedimento comodi poterit, alioquin alio proximo die sequente quo impedime) huiusmodi non occurrit, dicant in comuni pro animi nostra s aliter solempniter et cum devocione debits in dicta capella quias mortuorum, et in crastino comendacionem animarun postea fociant in e£dera capella missam de Requiem pro mo cum oracionibus collectis subscriptis, videlicet, Deus, qui apoatoUcos sacerdoksj Deus, cui soli competil medidtiam stare post mortem, tribue quesumus ut anime famulorum tui ab omnibus exitte peccatis; Miserert, quesumus, animabus om benefactorum nostrorum defunctorum; Inciina, Domini, a tuamj Fidelium Deus, omnium txmditor et rtdemptor; sol niter et cum devocione debita celebrari ; quam celebret c vel antiquior seu dignior socius presbiter Collegii predicti, qi

5o6 AhhoIs of Winchester CoUege.

exequiis atque misse died custos omnesque et singuli scolares ac socii presbiteri magister infonnator scolarium et hostiarius in dicto Collegio prcseates in virtute juramenti ipsorum personaliter inler- esse debeant et eciam teneantur. Quod eciam quater in anno pro anim£ nostra et animabus aliorum predictorum ultra diem anniveraarii obitfls mei predictt, videlicet in fine cuiuslibet quar- terii anni perpetuis futuris temporibus, aliquo die quo conveniendits id fieri potent, in capell& ipsius Collegii volumus observari. Ac percipient in comuni nomine pitancie singulis diebus obituum huiusmodi sex solidos octo denarioa imperpetuum ut diebus huius- modi lautius epulentur. Et ut dictorum dominonim regum regi- nanun principia ac patris ac matris nostrorum, necnon benelac- torum predictorum et nostri, inter eosdem custodem, socios pres- biteros conducticioa, magistnun informatorem scolarium, liostiariuni, et clericoa capelle in exequiis et "linBin predictis specialiils et dc- vocids memoria habeatur statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus quod cuilibet ex ipsis presbitero in premissis mortuorum oficiis quin-. quies in anno, ut premittitur, celebrandis peraonaliter existenti et pro animabus omnium predictorum missam in crastino celebranti, pro quSlibet vice duodecim denarii sterlingorum, cuilibet vero ei ipsis non presbitero sic, ut prefertur, presenti ac psatterium in- tegrum pro animabus predictis dicenti eciam duodecim denarii sterlingorum, clericis capelle dumtazat exceptis, quorum cuilibet sex denarii de bonis comunibus ipsius Collegii nostri per manus bursariorum eiusdem Collegii annis singulis pcrsolvantur et per- petuis futuris temporibus fideliter distribuantur eisdem. Et ex tunc quilibet socius presbiter dicti Collegii qui pro tempore foerit omnibus diebus obittls nostri predict! necnon die aliquo cuiuslibet septimane in quo comodiiis poterit singulis annis imperpetuum dicat singulariter vel in comuni pro animabus omnibus predictis necnon et predecessorum et successorum nostrorum episcoponim Wyntoniensium ofiicium mortuorum, cum comendacione more ecde- siastico consueto; quod eciam a tempore publicacionis ofScium presencium statutorum nostrorum, eciam dum superstites fiierimus in hac vitfl, semel ebdomadis singulis, ut premissum est, per ipsos presbiteros omnes et singulos dici volumus, statuimus, ct precipimus indistinct^. Ordinantes preterea quod in divinis oSdis supradictis prefatus custos, dum presens fuerit in capella, utatur amicia de griseo secundum quod canonici cathedralium ecclesianun utuntur ; quod eciam ipsum volumus observare in presenciS episco- ponim et alibi, ubicunque existat locis et temporibus oportunis.

Appendix

DOINCAFKI.

LEGENDE5 It

deceat sati' a veneracio ralumus, qui ;tonini in p ressus parit :io Deo gr: xenlk mira» < aliqua3 pe lapelle, dun <:esubini59l

t <]uovi3ino( aliave muti n alionim I inibi perb tant, dum )Bbilis vero :ustodis art

BEAT REQUI lORIBUS NX

lus, et volun egociis dispi

icia, quorum rumve obti im CoUegiiu •imilibus, on > huiusmodi licto Qollegi odis in ca{ :ntem insin im super :r premissia Mm fuerit :em sive di; pro nullo p

ARUM HON I

nus, et vol iiarum, tern

5o8 Annals of IVinchester College.

nativi aut liberi tenentes, solum vel area bosci seu terra in quH boscus crescit, prata, pascua, comune vel pasture, seu alia bona immobilia quecunque dicti Collegii, sive sint spiritualia seu tempo- ralia, aut eciam jura eiusdem quecunque, nullo modo nee ullo unquam tempore in feodum vel ad terminum vite alienentur seu vendantur ; nee advocaciones seu patronatus ecclesiarum, vicariarum seu capel- larum vel cantariarum in feodum ad terminum vite vel annorum seu alio modo pro aliquo tempore quantumcunque modico conce- dantur, nee maneria ultra viginti annos, vel ecclesie appropriate ultra terminum decem annorum ad firmam, nee aliquo modo alicui concedantur seu eciam dimittantur. Permittimus tamen quod terre, tenementa, messuagia, et tenure quecunque cum eorum pertinenciis que solebant teneri a tenentibus tam in civitatibus et villis quam in maneriis suis vel ecclesiis eis appropriatis et aliis locis quibuscun- que ad predictum Collegium qualitercunque spectancia sive per- tinencia, et que ad manus predictorum custodis, sociorum et sco- lariiun per escaetam aut per defectum heredum seu tenendum vel alio quovis modo devenerint, concedi seu tradi poterunt ad firmam ad terminum annorum per rotulos curiarum juxta consuetudinem maneriorum antiquitds in eS parte usitatam vel per indenturas inter ipsos custodem socios presbiteros et scolares ex parte una et recipientem seu recipientes eadem ex parte altera, sigillo comuni dicti Collegii sigillatas inde conficiendas. Ita tamen quod ultra quinquaginta vel sexaginta annos concessio seu tradicio huiusmodi non excedat quovis modo, et quod tenentes huiusmodi dicta terras, tenementa, messuagia et tenuras, vel aliquam partem seu parcellam eorundem non alienent, nee terminum in eis sic concessum aliis personis quibuscunque concedant seu qualitercunque tradant, sine licencia speciali et consensu custodis et sociorum predictorum. Sta- tuentes preterea, quod custos et socii presbiteri dicti nostri Collegii pensiones annuas vel cantarias perpetuas aut corrodia aliqua nuUo modo concedant, nee ad aliqua alia onera spiritualia vel temporaUa dictum Collegium imperpetuum, vel ultra terminum quadraginta annorum obligent quovismodo, nisi pro huiusmodi onere suppor- tando, ipsorumque indempnitate ac interesse in ea parte duplum in possessionibus vel redditibus imperpetuum habuerint ad comodum et utilitatem nostri Collegii supradictL

XXXllI. De sigillo et archA comuni et inventario annuatim

CONFICIENDO.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus quod custos scolares et presbiteri socii perpetui dicti Collegii habeant sigillum comune et archam comunem, in qua dictum sigillum, carte, scripta, munimenta, thesaurus, calices, cruces, vestimenta et jocalia preciosa dicti Col-

Appendix XI.

eant custodiri; que qi am tribus diversis c]a< peaes se, aliam vicecus iis voluntate onimum aU ]uodque nihil cum com da cu3todi3 et omniun , et voluntate omnium dem, obligationes, aut •eantur, prefato sigillo c -mitatis. Et nihilomini criptam sigiUum comun iture, 3eu scripto aut . facto cuicunque appo! :nserint, ipso facto ab r, necnoD ad satisfacieni occasione huiusmodi in e presentis nostri statu xi custos singulis anni; is mobilibus died Colle bus ipsius Collegii te: i voiumus indenturas lictos et alia penes cusi m remaneat, per quod t rescenciS vel decrescer inomia seu industria, i astodis predict!. Ordii licti nostri Collegii pro{ eiusdem convenienter i lus, redditibua, et provei m eiusdem integraliter reponatur et custodiatui

De disposicione cameu

amus, et voiumus, qn( legii et loca studiorum itodem predictos juxta lignentur, salvis nostri: videlicet quod in s ■es socii presbiteri ad ems sociorum presbite 9 autem cameris dicti I um scolarium dicti Co etatis sue annum com] lis sine socio jaceat or

Annals of iVinchester College.

tatem existentea binos adinvicem jacere pn-mittimus, its quod duonun nmnerum in uno lecto non excedant Qut>d-

singulis cameria inferioribus supradictis sint ad minus tres 1 honesti ac ceteris scolaribus matuiitate, diacrecioDe, ac 1 provectiorea, qui aliis suis consociis concameralibus stu- s superintendant et eosdem diligcnter supervideant, et de ip- moribus et conversacione studiique profeclu custodem, vice- m, et magistnim instnictorem de tempore in tempus, quociens eu opus fuerit, sub ipsonmi debito juramenti Collegio pre- pradicto, cum requisiti fuerint, veraciter certificent et infor- Jt huiusmodi scolares defectum in moribus paidentes, negli-

sue in suis studiis desides costigacionem, coireccionem, et nem recipiant juxta eorum demerita debitas ac eciam cotn- 3. Cameras vero super interiorem portam borealem dicti i ezistentes simul cum un£ superiori camerS. eisdem cameris -te orientaii contigufl cum omnibus aisiamentis in eisdem m ipsius Collegii qui pro tempore fuerit imperpetuum vo-

occupare. Presbiteros vero conducticios cameram cum versus occidentem coquine propinquiorem pro eorum inhi^i-

volumus occupare. In earner^ vero superiori angulari dicti i ex parte boreali versus occidentem magistrum instnictorem iarium, necnon unum alium dicti Collegii presbiterum (si iierit) volumus collocari. Volentes insuper quod in magna iubtus aulara dicti nostri Collegii sint scole pro scolaribus ctis et perpetuo teneantur in eSdem. Inhibentes preterea iCis et express^, ne quis in superioribus cameris antedictis do, caput manus vel pedes aut quicquam aliud lavando, vel ualitercunque aque, vini, vel cervisie aut alterius liquoris nque effiisionem facial quovismodo, per quam scolares in ibus cameris existentes in personis, bonis, vel rebus gra- vel aliqualiter moIesteiUur.

^V. De sustentacionc et reparacioke capelle aule et

I EDIFICIORUM i

quia secundum auctores facilius est destruere quam con- , pluries accidit ut edifida que fundator ad honorem Dei curiosi iter ediiicavit successores per desidiam et negligenciam col- ere, et deficere negligenter permittant, hinc est quod sub aone divini judicii specialiter injungimus, monemus, ac in- itatuimus ut capella nostri Collegii et aula singulaque alia

eiusdem Dei adjutorio laboriosfe nostris sumptibus edificata 9, cooperturia, et qualibet sui parte perpetius fiituris tempori- >it6 sufBcienter et congru^ in omnibus sustententur. Et si at per gregum mortalitatem, caristiam frugum, ballivorum

Appendix XI.

luriam, incendium, vel alios casus fortuity mobilia in tantum minorari quod non su irionim, sustentacionem socionim et sco id defectus capelle et aule et aliarum do ii, si qui fuerint, congrufe reparandos, sta imus, quod singulis ebdomadis de sing >rum comunis duo denarii subtrahantur ■eparacioDem predictonun reserventur el : huiusmodi defectus capelle, aule, et ai Dt suflicienter reparaiti in omnibus et [ m fideliter promovendum, diligenter pros r observandum, custodem dicti Collegii lerit, vicecustodeni, et singulos socios pre! juramenti in eorum admissione ad Co volumus obligari Preterea ordinamus e •e ediiicationes vel alique reparaciones do , ille incipiantur circa principiutn men^ te festum Sanctorum Simonis et Jud i; alioquiu adveniente dicto festo ab o omnimodo usque ad principium mensis lentis, tninutis edificacionibus et reparac non potenint duntaxat ezceptis.

!XVI. De cohpoto hinistroruh. Drdinamus, et volumus, quod custos pred et sacrista et tres socii seniores omn riorum et ministrorum intrinsecorum, vorum, procuratorum, firmariorum, et \ ninistronim extrinsecormn racione alicuiu ^Uegio obligatorum ad dictum Collegiui cione et prefisione custodis seu vicecusb aciocinia et compratum in ipso Collegio :r3 cameranim ad fiuem aule situatarum diligenter examinent, et ea fideliter ter lomonim, balli vorum, procuratorum, firmi rti Collegii compotes et raciocinia in eccU lostri predtcti fieri permittimus et audi lis et vicecustodis nostri Collegii supradici rdinamus et volumus quod singulis annis ne aliquit dilacione vel excusacione, vide icipium mensis Octobris, fiat circuitus m custodem et aliquem sociorum' dis er socios presbiteros eligendum et deput outrider,' as he was iftcrwards colled.

513 Annals of Winchester College.

sea ipso cnstode per gravem infinnitataii sen ali^ Iegitiiiii& im- pedito per vicecustodem et eundem sodum ; quo eciam vicecnslode legitime impedito, per alhim socinin ipsius CoUegii presbitenun discredorem, per omnes sodos preshlteros ipsius Coll^p sea maiorem partem eorundem eligendum, una cum sodo presl^tero alio supradicto et derico compoti dicti CoUegii ad omnia maneria et benefida aut boscos quoscunque ad dictum Coll^um ^lectancia ad supervidendum statum maneriorum, benefidorom, et boscoram, staurumque vivum et mortuum, videlicet equos, a&os\ boves, vaccas et earum vitulos, oves, bidentes, et omnia alia animalia et pecora cuiuscunque generis, et ad estimandum et estimari faciendum blada ingrangiata'; et quod idem custos sen vicecustos, vel sodas predictuSy in dicto drcuitu premuniat seu premuniri fadat omnes et singulos ballivoSy prepositos, firmarios, et alios ministros quoscun- que quod sint parati ad certum diem infra mensem Septembris seu mensem Octobris predictos, quamdtiiks fieri potent, per ipsum custodem seu vicecustodem, vel sodum eis limitandum, pro com- potis suis in Collegio predicto prope Wyntoniam vel in ecdesiis ant maneriis suis tunc reddendis. Volumus eciam, quod post drcuitum huiusmodi completum quamdti^ fieri potent, et absque aliqua dila- done et excusadone, indpiatur compotorum audido, et absque aliquali diladone, et sine intemipdone negligenda et mor§ debits infr:a eundem mensem compleatur, ne per hoc Collegium maioribus ex- pensis oneretur vel pregravetur. £t quod quater in anno, videlicet in fine cuiuslibet quarterii anni, compotus expensarum hospicii Col- legii predict! intrinsecarum per custodem, vicecustodem, sacristam et tres sodos seniores supradictos audiatur, ita quod in fine cuius- libet anni post compotum omnium ministrorum et offidariorum plend redditum finalis compotus omnium comunarum, expensarum dicti CoUegii, et aliarum quarumcunque intrinsecarum finaUter et complete aucUri et perfid poterit et ingrossarL Item statuimus et ordinamus, quod eciam singulis annis statim post pascham quam- dtius fieri poterit sine aUquaU diladone fiat visus compoti de statu omnium maneriorum et ecdesiarum appropriatarum, necnon de omnibus receptis, firmis, et debitis cuiuscunque manerii sive beneficii et firmarum ac aliorum exituum et proventuum quorumcunque dicto CoUegio spectanduHL Videatur eciam exitus grangiarum et rema- nenda bladorum in grangiis tunc de novo estimetur. Fiat insuper visus de statu, numero, mutadone, et ordinadone cuiusUbet stauri vivi et mortui, videUcet de equis, aflfris, et ceteris animaUbus et re- bus, ut supra in circuitu custodis ante prindpium mensis Octobris est expressum, ut de expensis reparadonis domorum, custodis bos^

* Horaes for ploughing.

* Some of these inventories are printed, page 88.

Appendix XL 513

conun, clausuris, et aliis necessariis in dictis maneriis factis et faciendis liquere poterit evidenter. Qui quidem visus compoti infra triginta dies a die incepcionis eiusdem continue numerandos com- pleatur. Et quod omnes rotuli compotorum visQs et alionim me- morandonim in thesauraria ponantur et securius custodiantur, ut inde suflicientes evidencie tarn pro defensione ecclesiarum suarum et jurium maneriorum suonim, quam de valore annuo eonindem de tempore in tempus haberi poterunt in futurum.

XXXVII. QUOMODO AUDITORES COMPOTI HABENT AUIS SOCIIS STATUM COLLEGII POST COMPOTUM INTIMARE.

Subsequenter auditis examinatis et discussis raciociniis et com- potis omnium et singulorum ministrorum predictorum teneantur custos, vicecustoSy et bursarii ac coauditores eorum predicti omnia in predictis compotis comperta et inventa, necnon et totum statum ac verum valorem annuum omnium et singulorum maneriorum, ter- rarum, reddituum, ecclesiarum, possessionum, et aliarum rerum ac bonorum quorumcunque ad dictum Collegium spectancium, vel quo* vis alio modo ad idem Collegiimi qualitercunque proveniencium singulis annis summarid, fideliter, distinct^ et express^ omnibus sociis presbiteris de CoUegio in scriptis apert^ et fideliter intimare sub debito ipsorum juramenti. Postque ipso die vel die proxim6 tunc sequent! singulis annis prefati custos et bursaiii coram eisdem audi- toribus ad hoc specialiter convocandis de omnibus receptis et libe- ratis quarumcunque pecuniarum et bonorum dictum Collegiimi qualitercunque concernencium que ad ipsorum manus quomodolibet devenerint sub juramento ipsorum ipsi Collegio in ipsorum admis- sione prestito fidelia raciocinia quantum negocium huiusmodi quem- libet ipsorum concemit reddere, ac recepta et recipienda pro anno, pro quo tunc computatur, ibidem fideliter et plen^ detegere debeant ac eciam teneantur, ut status ipsius CoUegii sociis ipsis, quorum interesse vertitur in hac parte, plenius innotescat.

XXXVIII. QuoMODo Bursarii, redditis ipsorum compotis, claves

officiorum suoruh custodi uberare et tradere teneantur.

Et quoniam in tanto ministerio dictis bursariis commisso eorum fidelitas, sollicitudo, et industria summ^ sunt necessarie, volumus quod reddito compoto eonindem statim sine mora aliqua retradant et reddant claves cistarum predictarum et aliarum custodiarum quarumcunque .'ommissarum eisdem custodi nostri CoUegii predicti in signum re- signacionis et dimissionis officiorum suorum ; ceterique socii officiarii ntrinseci omnes et singuli preter custodem suis officiis cedere de- beant et eciam teneantur. Quo facto ad vicecustodis singulorumque ofliciariorum huiusmodi futurorum eleccionem statim procedatur,

l1

1

514 Annals of Winchester College.

sicut et prout superius in aliis capitulis ipsorum eleccionum formam condnentibus pleniCis est expressiim ; quod officium, vel que offida, nulli presbitero socio ad ' hoc deputato liceat refutare. Statuentes preterea quod nulli socionim dictorum duo officia de officils supra- dictis simul et semel quomodollbet committatur.

XXXIX. De Indenturis compotorum in compoto fiendis in cus-

TODlA VICECUSTODIS ET BURSARIORUM REMANERE DEBENTIBUS.

In his autem raciociniis complete audiendis ac eciam decidendis tanta habeatur diligencia ut post complecionem totalis compoti vel in ipsorum compotorum diebus fiant due indenture summarie de statu ipsius Collegii et de toto residuo remanente, quanun una penes vicecustodem, qui pro tempore fuerit, remaneat, alia vero in diets archS communi dicti Collegii reponatur, copiasque omnium compotorum ballivorum et ministrorum predictorum singulis annis retineant penes se dicti bursarii, qui pro tempore fuerint, illasque necnon et omnia memoranda ac eciam transcripta omnium placi- torum, munimentorum et memorandorum ipsum Collegium, statum aut jura eiusdem qualitercunque concemencium in cistis eorum co- munibus supradictis salvo reponere et fideliter custodire pro diversis vitandis periculis imperpetuum teneantur. Scolarem vero unum de CoUegio nostro predicto in litteratura et scriptura competenter in- formatum per custodem vel vicecustodem et magistrum instructorem per septimanam, quindenam, aut mensem deputandum ad scriben- dum expensas transcribendum et copiandum munimenta et memo- randa Collegii nostri predicti prefatis bursariis et dispensatori assistere volumus et parere.

XL. De scrutiniis seu capitulis ter in anno in Collegio

CELEBRANDIS, ET LECTURA STATUTORUM.

Preterea ut singuli actus singulaque negocia tam circa spiritualia quam temporalia Collegium nostrum prope Wyntoniam et personas eiusdem concementes et concernencia proinde magis fiant securius- que precedant, statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus ut ad mandatum custodis qui pro tempore fuerit futuris temporibus ter ad minus in anno omnes et singuli socii presbiteri in capella ipsius Collegii in- simul convocentur et conveniant ; semel videlicet per octo dies vel circiter ante festum nativitads Domini, iterumque per octo dies vel circiter ante pascha, tercio infra octo dies post nonas Julii, quibus custode et sociis insimul congregatis prim6 et ante omnia missam de Sancta Trinitate, in qui dicantur quinque oraciones subscripte: prima de Trinitate ; secunda de Sancta Maria ; tercia pro salubri statu nostro dum superstites fuerimus, ' Rege, Quesumus^ cum illis verbis * Pontificem fundatorem nostrum^ et cum ab hfic luce mi- gravcrimus loco oracionis * Rege, Qitesumus ' dicatur oracio * DeuSy qui

Appendix XL 515

Mies famuhan titmn Jundalonm nostmm pontifi- abus regum et reginarum et dicti Collegii bene- L ' Ittdina, domine, OHrem tuam ' ; et <iuinta unt amdifor,' pro animabus patris et matris fidelium defunctonim faciant inter se sollemp- ]e ordinaciones nostras et statuta faciant inter

legi ac eciam recitsri ; sic, quod ordinaciones :a et singula in dictis tribus scrutimis plenarie

nuUus dicti Collegii socius presbiter a lecture lodi, impedimento cessante legitime, se ab* ssioois comunanim per mensem et robe sue "oximfr tunc futurum, ne quis statutonim ip- iciam pretendere ve! causari. Deinde fiat lado per custodem et vicecustodem, vel in ci& seu racionabtliter impediti, per altenim do et formS, quibiw custodi el vicecustodi me- m. In quo scrutinio de singulorum scolarium rorum vita et coDversacione, moribus, condi- studii scolastici ; observacioneque statutonim rorum, necnon de omnibus que in ipso Col- isdem correccione aut reformacione indigent,

inquiratur, atque ibidem, secundum quod per im fiierit, corrigenda corrigentur, necnon et m pro modo et qualitate delicti secundum sta- lostra predicta, nisi prius hoc expletum fuerit, gnS plectentur. In his insuper scrutiniis dili- tus communis de et super ordinandis et re- X singulis que circa spiritualia et temporalis dienda tarn infra quam extra occurrent seu

si ad perficienda premissa triuoi scrutiniorum iant primi dies ipsa continuari et prorogari :riore3 proximo tunc sequentes vel alios com- n et negociorum necessitas ac Collegii utilitas uod omnia ordinaciones et statuta nostra pre- s scrutiniis complete legantur et ab omnibus marife audiantur sine excusadone quacunquc. tiamus, ct volumus, quod correcciones, puni- nes quccunque omnium et singulorum crimi- nsgreasionum, defectuum, et eciam delictorum ires, aut socios presbiteros dicti Collegii com- ; fieri potent infra tres dies continues post-

fuerint vel delata seu aliks de ipsis legitime nem vim, formam, et e£Fectum statutorum et nostri Collegii absque dilacione ulteriori fiant lisi forsan propter eustodis vel pcrsone delin-

Ll2

51 6 Annals of IVinchester College.

quentis aut alterius cuiuscunque ad huiusmodi correcdonem et pu- nicionem jiixta ordinaciones et statuta nostra predicta requisiti absenciam, vel propter aliam causam urgentem utilem vd neces- sariam correcciones, punldones, et reformadones huiusmodi fuerint merit6 dififerende seu eciam prorogande, vel diladoncs expetant longiores, et tunc quamdtius fieri poterit absque diladone quacunque. Quodque in correccionibus et punidonibus huiusmodi, de quibus in nostris ordinacionibus et statutis fit mendo spedalis, coram sodo vel scolari puniendo, antequam puniatur, legantur statuta in quibus fit mencio de excessu, crimine, vel delicto de quo fiet punicio delinquentis. Si vero in nostris ordinadonibus huiusmodi et statutis de excessu, cri- mine, vel delicto aut poena delinquentis spedaliter cautum non existat, tunc correcdonem et punicionem huiusmodi juxta arbitrium et discre- cionem custodis seu vicecustodis et duorum sodorum presbiteronira fieri volumus, statuimus ac eciam ordinamus. Statuentes ulterius ac eciam ordinantes quod nullus sociorum presbiterorum vel scolarium predictorum alium eiusdem Collegii sodum presbiterum vel scolarem de aliquo crimine, excessu, vel delicto coram custode vel vicecustode impetitum, delatum, vel accusatum tueatur, defendat, manuteneat, vel eidem assistat consilio, verbo, vel facto, aut pro ipso aliqualiter alleget, quominus ipsius delinquentis debita correccio seu punido fieri valeat juxta exigenciam ordinacionum et statutorum nostrorum predictorum, ne ipsa correccio retardetur vel ali^ quomodolibet differatur, sub poena ammocionis perpetue a nostro CoUegio memo- rato ; sed solus huiusmodi delinquens per se et pro se respondeat, poenam pro meritis recepturus. Statuentes preterea, quod nullus socius presbiter vel scolaris dicti nostri Collegii super criminibus, excessibus vel delictis detectus vel delatus copiam compertorum et delictorum sibi tradi, edi, dari, aut liberari, aut nomina detegencium vel denunciancium sibi exponi petat, neque ipsa comperta et detecta aut nomina tradantur eidem, sed super compertis et detectis huius- modi personaliter respondeat, ac correccionem debitam subeat juxta nostrorum ordinadonum et statutorum exigenciam et tenorem, cessantibus quibuscunque provocacionibus, querelis, et aliis juris et facti remediis, per quas seu que ipsius sodi presbiteri vel scolaris correccio et punicio differri valeant, seu aU^ quomodolibet im- pediri, sub poena ammocionis perpetue a nostro Collegio memorato. Statuentes insuper quod quilibet dicti nostri Collegii socius pres- biter omnia nostra ordinaciones et statuta eiusdem Collegii ad minus semel singulis annis cum bonsi diligencia ac deliberacione matura per se legat, et ad intelligendum eadem animum et diligen- ciam apponat, ne socii dicti nostri Collegii propter ignoranciam sta- tutorum huiusmodi de facili perjurii reatum occurrant, aut igno- ranciam causari valeant in eisdem. De qua quidem lectura fiat specialis inquisicio a quolibet socio presbitero in singulis scrutiniis

Appendix XI. 517

t super hoc interrogetur quilibet socius sub ipsius juramenti.

UBRIS COLLEGII CONSERVAHDIS ET HON ALIENANDIS.

US, ordinamus, ct statuimus, quod singulis annis tern- Ldsionis Collegii predict] coram supervisoribus eiusdem in quolibet annt termino semel coram custode et bur-

illegii seu vicecustode et bursariis eisdem ostendantur liter, et distincte, omiies libri capelle ac omnes alii ;gii quos ex nostra liberalitate, vel aliorum fidelium piS I legato, seu de ipsonira empcione vel provisione alia . habere contigerit in futunim, ut sic apparere poterit,

diet! Collegii perditus fuerit, subtractus, distractus, dila- turpatus. Volumus eciam et statuimus, quod nullus liber

ullo unquam tempore vcndatur, donetur, permutetur,

vel alio quovis alienetur titulo vel colore : nee alicui le Collegio comodetur, nee alicui de Collegio vel de itim tradatur pro copia extra Collegium describenda, nee

vel aliquem alium ducatur vel portctur extra Col- lictum ; quodque nullus liber de nocte remaneat extra dictum, nisi aliquis liber ligandus fuerit, vel necessariA

quo casu, quum dictus liber ligatus vel emendatus legium predictum illico reportetur.

5 CUSTODIA STATUTORUM COLLEGII PROPE WyNTOH,

ET Collegii Oxonie. nus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod originalis tiber in- onum et statutonim nostrorum Collegii nostri prope ecnon liber statutorum Collegii noatri Oxonie, sufficienter :rti decenter cum nostra pontifical! sigillo eisdem uni jne sigilli nostri privati in dorso eorundem appenso istd in una camera thesaurarie ad hoc disposita re- Ivfi et securl custodia cum aliis reponendis ibidem rventur. Quarum quidem ordinacionum et statutorum ctorum veram copiam in vestibulo capelle dicti Col- olumus et eciam remanere, ut ad ipsam copiam inspi- ndam, et intelligendam socii presbiteri et seolares pro informacione ipsorum, necnon ut ipsi ordinaciones dicta melius scire et observare poterint, ut tcnentur, e quicunque, quociens opus fuerit, accessum habcant, Et ad amputandum omnem dissencionis materiam et occasiones discordie et controversie euiuscunqite, ad scandala, et evitandum perieula que circa verum intel- cionum et statutorum nostrorum huiusmodi exprimen- ionibus variis hominum minus utilitcr et nimis forsan

51 8 Annals of Winchester College.

subtiliter sentiencium, verisimiliter poterunt evenire, statuimus et eciam ordinamus inhibendo express^ ne custos aut quivis alius dicti nostri CoUegii, cuiuscunque statQs gradtis aut condidonis existat, comuniter vel divisim dicta statuta et ordinaciones vel ali- quod capitulum eorundem alicui persone extranee ostendant, seu co- piam, transumptum, vel transcripcioiiem statutorum et ordinacionum predictorum, seu alicuius capituli eorundem, alicui fadant, seu quo- modolibet fieri faciant vel procurent, vel quantum in eis fuerit permittant fieri quovismodo, nisi propter necessariam defensionem ipsorum, aut ex alia causa necessaria vel utili per maiorem partem sociorum presbyterorum Collegii nostri prope Wynton. approbanda id necessitate cogente vel utilitate poscente fieri licebit.

XLIII. De saltibus, luctacionibus, et auis inordinatis in

capellA et aula fiendis.

Item quia per incautos et inordinatos ludos in capella daustro vel aula dicti Collegii nostri prope Wyntoniam ex insolenda forsan aliquonun in eisdem fiendos dicte capella et aula in muris, stallis, picturis, et fenestris vitreis, et alias frequendus damnificari possent ac eciam deformari ; nos ipsorum indenipnitati prospicere cupientes jactus lapidum et pilarum, necnon rerum quarumlibet aliarum, capella, claustro, stallis et aula predictis, saltus insuper, luctaciones, aliosque incautos et inordinatos ludos quoscunque in capella, clau- stro, et aula predictis ullo unquam tempore fieri districtius prohi- bemus, per que vel eorum aliquod sumptuosis operibus eorundem in materia vel forma dampnum inferri poterit quomodolibet vel jactura. Item, quia subtus aulam predictam que in modum solarii ' desuper terram elevata et edificata consistit scole grammaticales ordinantur, in quibus scolares dicti nostri Collegii addiscere et studere debebunt, qui per luctadones, coreas, tripudia, saltus, cantus, clamores, tumultus, et strepitus inordinatos, aquarum, cervisie, et liquorum aUorum effusiones, ludosque tumultuosos in aula ipsa forsan fiendos ab ipsorum studio et doctrina de fadli et verisimiliter poterunt impediri, aU^ in libris et vestibus, damna gravia susd- nere : — Nos igitur omnes huiusmodi luctaciones, coreas, tripudia, saltus, cantus, clamores, tumultus et strepitus inordinatos, aquarum, cervisie, et aUorum liquorum effusiones, ludos quoque tumultuosos et alias insolencias quascunque in aula predicta ullo unquam tem- pore fieri districtius prohibemus, per que vel eorum aliquod prefati scolares ab ipsorum studio vel doctrina quomodolibet poterunt im- pediri, seu ali^ in libris vestibus aliisve rebus suis dampnum susti- neant vel gravamen, seu per que aula ipsa in ipsius omatu vel fabrics deorsum vel superiCis, infra vel extra, in aliqua sui parte deturpetur lesionemve seu dampnum aliquod patiatur. £t si quis

* A solar, aoller, or upper chamber.

'^^'-^^..,.^,_

Appendix XL 519

in premissis, vel aliquo premissorum, culpabilis inventus fuerit, pro dampno per ipsum illato sadsfaciat competenter. £t nihilominus ut poena unius sit metus multorum per subtraccionem comunarum suarum vel ali^ juxta discrecionem et ordinacionem custodis, vice- custodis, bursariorum, et sacriste dicti Collegii juxta quantitatem excessCls acriter puniatur sine favore quocunque.

XLIV. Quod non sit accepcio personarum per aliquem

IN COLLEGIO.

Item quia in lege divinS noscitur esse scriptum Ita magnum judicabis^ ut parvum, nee erit apud te accepiio personarum statui- mus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod custos, vicecustos, bursarii, et senescallus aule et ceteri dicti nostri Collegii officiarii et ministri, scolaresque et socii presbiteri universi cuiuscunque gradCls, states, vel condicionis existant, absque personarum, generis, aut patrie accepcione quacunque se invicem diligant mutu^ et debita charitate, ac tarn in gubemacionis et regiminis rectitudine quam victualium at- que bone doctrine mutueque vicissitudinis exhibicione libera ceteris- que omnibus pertinentibus ad eosdem absque parcialitate quScumque se indifferentes exhibeant et ostendant, ac secundum quod decet equaUter et amicabiliter in omnibus se pertractent Inhibentes insuper custodi, vicecustodi, bursariis, senescallo, et ceteris dicti Collegii superioribus quibuscunque ac scolaribus et sociis presbiteris eiusdem, ne quisquam ipsorum personarum quomodolibet sit acceptor, neque uni plusquam alii dicti Collegii in his que ipsius Collegii ordinaciones et statuta ipsorumque execucionem concemunt favens aut parcialis existat, seu partem pro aliquo aliqualiter se faciat, nee contra charitatis et fra- ternitatis amorem gravamina vel molestias inferat quovismodo. Et nihilominus eosdem custodem, vicecustodem, bursarios, senescallum, et superiores omnes et singuli qui pro tempore fuerint in virtute ac sub debito juramenti dicto nostro Collegio prestiti per eosdem ar- cius oneramus, ut ipsi et eorum quilibet, quantum in eis vel eorum aliquo fuerit, correcciones, puniciones, et reformaciones debitas veras, racionabiles, atque justas de quibuscunque transgressionibus, delictis, criminibus, et excessibus scolarium et sociorum dicti Collegii quorum- cunque quociens ubi et quando ac prout opus fuerit, juxta negocii qualitatem, vim, formam, et effectum ordinacionum et statutorum nostrorum, absque parcialitate quacunque, postpositis eciam et ces- santibus omnimodis parte, precio, amore, odio, invidia, et favore, necnon affeccionibus consanguinitatis vel affinitatis et prerogativis specialibus, ex quibuscunque causis pretensis eciam vel conceptis, diligenter et indifferenter faciant et exerceant, ac ea, que in ea parte pro comodo, utilitate, tranquillitate, fratemS pace, mutua charitate, et honore dicti nostri Collegii fuerint facienda, fideliter in omnibus exequantur.

i

5Jio Annals of Winchester College.

XLV. De clausurA portarum Collegii ; et quod singula minis-

TERIA IPSIUS COIXEGU FIANT PER MASCULOS ; ET QUOO MUUERES NON INTRODUCANTUR IN COLLEGIUM.

Item statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod porte et ostia dicti Collegii exteriora singulis diebus ad solis occasum vel ad minus ante noctis tenebras claudantur iirmiter et serentur, dausaque et serata permaneant, nee aperiantur ante solis ortum sequenti die, nisi ex causa racionabili et honesta per custodem vel vicecustodem approbanda aliud fuerit faciendum ; volentes quod daves portarum et ostiorum ipsorum in custodis, cum presens fuerit, et in ipsius absenci^ vicecustodis custodia singulis noctibus, nisi causa raciona- bilis impediaty remaneant custodite. Ordinantes preterea, quod sin- gula ministeria dicti Collegii et personanim eiusdem, presertim infra septa ipsius Collegii, fiant per masculos, et nullatenus per mulieres, nisi forsan in defectu lotoris masculi sit mapparum ac vestimentorum aliorum necessariorum usualium tarn ipsius Collegii quam scolarium eiusdem lotrix aliqua ordinata, que per manus alicuius famuli jurat!, Collegio ad hoc deputati, singula ad portam Collegii exteriorem recipiat sic lavanda; quam lotricem talis etatis talisque condicionis esse volumus, de qua sinistra suspicio minimi habeatur, quem aut quam extra Collegium volumus commorarL In- hibentes preterea, ne janitor, pistor, brasiator, cocus, dispensator, seu alius dicti Collegii officiarius vel minister mulieres aliquas in dictum Collegium aut ipsorum officinas introducat seu receptet in eisdcm, nisi ex causi racionabili et honesta per custodem, vice- custodem, aut bursarios approbanda

Finis et conclusio omnium statutorum.

Porro nostris temporibus diligenter inspeximus antiquorum Patrum tradiciones et Sanctorum regulas varias approbatas, necnon tradi- cionum et regularum ipsarum multiplices professores, sed, quod dis- plicenter referimus, nullicubi nunc ut olim juxta mentes fundatonim regulas, ordinaciones, et statuta a suis professo^bus inveniinus observata. Unde multipliciter concutimur et turbs^ur, videntes firmam regularum, ordinacionum, et statutorum diiArsorum com- paginem nimio errore concussam, ac quomodo clarum die! lumen irrucns dense noctis obscuritas undique obfuscavit ; super quo mente pcrspicua intime advertentes, quod melius nobis foret bona nostra temporalia propriis manibus pauperibus erogare, quam usibus im- prudcntium seculo durante eadem appropriare aut quomodolibet stabilire, percipientes dilucide animarum pericula maxima ex regule sive ordinacionum et statutorum huiusmodi violacione plunbus im- ininere. In his tamen sic diutius vacillantes, sed auxilium divinum in agendis devotissim^ invocantes, ad relevacionem pauperum sco-

Appendix XL 521

larium cleHcorum in scolis degencium oculos nostre mentis interiores inflexibiliter configimus, sub spe firmS quod viri litterati Deum ha- bentes pro octilis ac Eius voluntatem in regulis, ordinacionibus, et statutis observandis lucidiCis pre aliis intuentes, regulas, ordinaciones et statuta nostra strictius observabunt, quorum subsidio et relevamini compassionis humeros supponentes iinaliter determinavimus, nosque parati sumus ad hec opem et operam impendendam juxta posse. Ne igitur (quod absit) in nostris ordinacionibus et statutis, sicut in aliis compiuribus jam vidimus accidere, de transactis dolus aut fraus fiat in futuro, ordinamus et statuimus sub poena anathematis et indigna- cionis omnipotentis Dei, ne quis sociorum presbiterorum aut scolarium dicti nostri Collegii, cuiuscunque gradOs, statOs, sciencie, facultatis, aut officii exstiterit, pro sua voluptate, odio, seu alia causa vel occasione qua- cunque ordinacionum et statutorum nostrorum quicquam ad sensum nostre intencioni, ut premittitur,alienum,interpretacione excitante sinis- tra, aut quocunque verborum suadente colore, arte vel ingenio, occasione data, procurata, aut eciam exquisita, affirmet, construat, vel defendat, aut quovis alio modo per se vel alium quemcunque aliter quam nostre intencionis existit construi, interpretari, seu eciam affirmari quacunque ex causa procuret Si quis vero, antiquo suadente ser- pente, quicquam contra premissa verbo vel facto presiunpserit attemptare, a dicto CoUegio, si super hoc per testes ydoneos con- victus fuerit, tanquam in hac parte perjurus, sine spe regressOs penitus excludatur, poenis aliis in hoc casu superiils irrogatis in suo robore nihilominus permansuris. Volumus nihilominus, quod non obstantibus huiusmodi nostris ordinacionibus et statutis factis, ut premittitur, imposterumve faciendis, ac aliis non obstantibus quibus- cunque nobis pro tempore nostro libera sit facultas presentibus nos- tris ordinacionibus et statutis addendi, ipsas eciam et ipsa in toto vel in parte toUendi, diminuendi, mutandi, declarandi, interpretandi, corrigendi, et de novo alia ordinandi, ac cum et super eisdem et contra ea dispensandi toto tempore vite nostre. Tenore eciam pre- sencium statuimus, ordinamus, et volumus, quod nullo modo nee uUo tempore liceat alicui successor! nostro Episcopo Wyntoniensi qui pro tempore fuerit, postquam cum Deo placuerit subtracti fuerimus ab hac luce, nee custodi aut sociis Collegii nostri predicti qui eciam sunt aut erunt collegialiter communiter vel divisim, nee alteri cuiuscun- <|ue dignitatis, statOs, gradCls, aut condicionis existat, aliqua alia nova statuta seu ordinaciones, regulas, constituciones, interpreta- ciones, immutaciones, injuncciones, declaraciones, aut exposiciones alias presentibus nostris statutis et ordinacionibus per nos jam editis, imposterumve condendis, aut sano et piano intcllectui eorun- dem repugnantes vel repugnancia, dcrogantes vel derogancia, dis- cordantes vel discordancia, contrarias vel contraria, divcrsas vel diversa, edere, condere, ordinare, statuere, vel dictare, nee eis vel

5^!i Annals of Winchester College.

alicui ipsorum liceat premissa vel eonim aliquod quocunque quesito colore infringere, seu alicuius statuti, tenorem aut substanciam de- mere vel mutare, nee circa ea quomodolibet dispensare. Nee volumus quod per aliquam assuetudinem vel abusum aut aliam occasionem quamcunque intencioni aut verbis ipsorum statutonim nostrorum et ordinacionum in aliquo derogetur. Nolentes insuper aliquam interpretacionem fieri de eisdem, aut circa ea, nisi juxta planum sensum, communem intellectum, et exposicionem gramati- calem et litteralem magis et aptiCis ad casum seu pretensum du- bium, de quo queritur et agitur, applaudentem. Inhibemus quoque statuentes et ordinantes specialiter et express^ et sub intermina- clone divini judicii interdicimus dicti nostri CoUegii custodi et cus- todibus ac sociis et scolaribus eiusdem universis et singulis, pre- sentibus et futuris, ac in virtute juramenti per ipsos et eonim quemlibet dicto CoUegio prestiti admonemus et liortamur in Domino^ ne ipsi collegialiter communiter vel divisim aliquas alias ordina- ciones vel statuta, declaraciones, interpretaciones, mutadones, injunc- clones, exposlclones, vel glosas presentibus nostris ordinacionibus et statutis, vel ipsorum alicui, sano et piano gramaticali et litterali intellectui quomodolibet adversantes vel adversancia, repugnantes vel repugnancia, derogantes vel derogancia, nisi per nos edenda, acceptent, nee huiusmodi fieri procurent, aut eisdem utantur, public^ vel occulta, directs vel indirect^. £t si contra premissa vel contra intencionem nostram in premissis vel eorum aliquo per aliquam vel aliquos (quod abslt) aliquid aut aliqua statui, ordinari, fieri, aut die- tari, vel dispensacionem aliquam scienter aut ignoranter concedi vel haberi contigerit in futurum, auctoritate presentis statuti decemimus, pronunciamus, et declaramus dictos custodem et custodes, socios et scolares dicti nostri Collegii (quibus omnibus et singulis in ea parte omnem et omnimodum adimimus potestatem) ad ipsa observanda non teneri quomodolibet vel astringi; sed ea vacuamus omnino et carere volumus omni robore firmitatis, aliis poenis in hoc casu in- fllctls superiCis in sua firmitate nihilominus permansuris. Statuentes nihllominus et eciam ordinantes, quod si forsan tempore invale- scente mallcia casibus fortultls possesslones, redditus, et proventus splrituales et temporalcs dicti nostri Collegii in tantum decreverint, quod dictus custos necnon presbiterorum scolarium et clericorum de capella numerus per nos superius definitus de exitibus pos- scssionum rcddltuum et proventuum predictorum ceteris omnibus oneribus eidem CoUegio incumbentibus debits supportatis non po- terunt juxta formam ordinacionum et statutonim nostrorum comodd sustcntari, extunc comune slngulorum ipsorum presbiterorum duo- dcclm dcnariorum summam in septlmana aliqua non transcendant, nee amplior quam duodecim denariorum summa pro eorum sepdma- natim comunis de bonis dicti Collegii comunibus aliqualiter persol-

Appendix XI.

vatur. Deinde si redditus et proventus prefati CoUegii ci necnoa presbiterorum et scolarium, ac clericorum capelle ni non sufficiant in hac parte, tunc necessitate cogente annua 111 vesCrum dc qua in dictis nostris ordinacionibus et statutis fit n a quolibet subtrahatur. Demum si post hec infortuniis i absitj invalescentibus numerus supradicCus de redditibus, exJ ac provenCibus possessionum dicti nostri CoUegii tunc existei in forma predicta non poterit susCentari, permittimus quod ti non ante, nee ali^ quovismodo, juzta decrescenciam did reddituum et proventuum decrescat successive numerus soc ct scolarium nostri CoUegii supradicti. In his tamen omnibus cu et sociorum presbiterorum dicti nostri Collegii. qui pro tei fuerint, consciencias apud Altissimum arciCis oneramus, Ordir ac eciam statuentes, ut si necessitatibus et infortuniis suprc cessantibus tempora mutentur in mcUus, possessionesque red et proventus dicti nostri CoUegii per Dei graciam iteratd felic cipiant incrementa, juxta ipsorum crescenciam numerus supra sic, ut premittitur, in dictis casibus minuendis augeatur eciam < crescat, ac alifis in omnibus participiant sicut prius. Declai preterea, quod jurat! ad observacionem statutorum nostroru cisdem vel ipsorum aUquo deliaquentes, ubi apponitur poena non reatu perjurii nisi hoc in eisdem statutis specialiter cav sed pcena sic specialiter apposita tantummodo puniantur nisi p* sibi inflictam juxta huiusmodi continenciam statutonun co: pserint adimplere ; tunc enim ipsos reatum perjurii volumus et ; mus incurrere ipso facto. Presentes autem regulas, ordinaciones stituciones, et statuta sic per nos edita ad Dei laudem et gl divinique cultQs augmentum ac studii scolasttci profectum, n< ad prefati CoUegii comodum et decorem valere et perpetuis d temporibus ac robur incomutabilis firmitatis volumus obtinere. igitur sic per Dei graciam salubriter ordinatis dicti CoUegii custodi ac sociis et scolaribus ac omnibus aUis comorantibi eodem juxta informacionem Christi, tanquam eius discipulis, dii obsequium commendamus, pacisque et unitatis fedus ac pe \dnculum charitatis. Amen.

XII.

Warden Tra/Jles' Diary, April g— May 15, 170a.

170a, April 9. Journey to London concerning reversing V

Ap. 10. I called on ihc Provost of Eaton to engage him to ye Coll. in this matter by the interest of his brother ye Lo. C

524 Annals of IVincht

phin. I delivered a copy of ye agre< New, & Winton Colleges'. He told copy of it, assured me of his hearty men would help it forward. This promised to Dr. Trimnell, rec' by him

Ap, 14. I was brought to my Lo, H. of Lords, introduced by Dr. Trimn ye draught for ye Queen's grant, whi common Election, & to give up pi This keeping up private places or opti great exception made agst ye ren letters. Of this I wrote to Dr. Nicho] nominations & to engage ye Bp. of I w^ my Lo. Archbp. approved of as coi

Then my Lo. Archbp. told me lY Hurry upon account of ye Coronatio ness could not be effected at present of it ; and gave me leave to return tc my absence should be no hindranci Trimnell & he would take care of it

The Bp. of Sarum being then at ye 1 kindly promised his assistance in this did, because once he had been instr from ye King for Mr. Glasse.

Mr. Young Dean of Sarum then \ and undertook to engage ye Bp. of Lo my papers which stated this business.

Ap. 19. Having wrote to ye Bp. ol ye Archbp to testify his approbation his own letter in order to promote it ( W. C. & myself word by Mr. Forbes tion) and my Lo. of Winton being cc then sent me word that he had b acquainted ye Archbp. w**" his Lore to concur w'" his Grace in effecting Archbp. desired ye Bp.of Winton to n at Councill.

Ap. 20. Accordingly ye Bp, of W Cockpit in ye Archbp's Lodgings, dec ye Queen's letters gott off, and that he sending a letter to ye Election in or approbation of it, & that he wod at when he should please, to petition her

* The Amicabilia Coacor

Appendix XII. 5^5

removal!. Mr. Young, Dean of Sarum, Mr. Brideoake, Mr. Bisse were present when these things were said by ye Bp. of Winton. Before whom my Lo. Archbp. began to speak of the opposition from ye Secretaries of State, who wrote from their concern for ye E. of Bridgewater's kinsman Will. Egerton^, to whom a Letter for ye ensuing election was already granted by ye late King. But if ye Secretaries cod be made easy herein by allowing for this time Eger- ton's letter, it was not doubted but that Mr. Vernon partic'ly wod be our friend & assistant to gett them off for the future. And to this expedient ye Archbp. seemed most inclinable, and looked upon it as a good composition. To wch I repli'd to his Grace (i) that Egerton for whom that letter was granted had last election many others his seniors who seem'd to deserve preference ; & probably it is still so, I suppose, that lo or 12 may at ye Election deserve preference over him. (2) That cou'd I for this one time allow Mr. Egerton this preference above persons more worthy, I cou'd always allow ye same, & then I sho'd not have troubled his Grace & other friends to remove these letters. (3) That if ye Queen's Letters sho'd be gott off though after ye turn of Egerton was served, it wo'd very well satisfy myself & I should take it most thankfully, as a good work done : provided I myself be allowed without offence to vote according to my own judgment, as I did at ye last Election. Wch his Grace, Dean of Sarum, etc, seemed to allow of, and with God's grace I hope to practice, whether letters be taken off or not. Then my Lo. Archbp. declared that he had acquainted ye late King before his death of our petition, to wch. the K. graciously reply'd ' That God forbid that he sho'd hinder any of his Colleges from observing their statutes.' But his death following speedily after hindred our business from being effected then. But his Grace then assured me that I need not doubt of success from the Queen, when her leisure should allow her to be addressed, wch he wod take care of; and then gave me leave to attend my business, promising to acquaint ye Queen that I had been ready to attend her. This repeated at Lam- beth, where by his Grace's command I then dined.

Memdum. (i) The Archbp. desiring our case to be drawn up as short as may be, Mr. Young, D. of Sarum drew it up in short, a copy of wch with ye petition to ye Queen was left wth Dr. Trimnell, and ye D. of Sarum took ye original for ye Bp. of London. (2) Dr. Windebank (Ap. 21) at Mr. Rawlinson's lodgings offered to go w*** ye D. of Sarum to ye Bp. of London, whom he had already acquainted with ye business, & assured me ye Bp. of London was hearty in it.

May 15. I rece'd a letter from Mr. Bisse that ye Queen had granted a stop of letters for her time. Whereupon Dr. Oldys, Mr.

* Admitted 1698, to Winchester College. Elected in 1703 to New College.

526 Annals of Winchester College.

Loggan, and I went to ye Secretary's office. S' Charles Hedges was engag'd in a G>mmittee & not to be spoken with. But Mr. Ellis told us that a stop was put to all letters ; and that an instrument was ordered to be drawn up according to the direction of my pq)ers, wch were left by ye Archbp. in ye Secretary's office. Of this Mr. Ellis promised to take due care, & Dr. Oldys to sollicit, as also Mr. Rawhnson by Dr. Windebank.

XIII.

Bishop Cooper^ s Order for the number of Founders to be bred

in both Colleges.

* Whereas Fiennes and Bolney pretending themselves to be of the blood consanguinity & kindred of William of Wykeham, some- time Bp of Winchester & Founder of S* Mary Winton Coll. & of S^ Mary Winton Coll. in Oxon, have of late claimed such benefits & privileges for the election admission & preferment of their children, as by the statutes of the s^ Founder are to be allowed to his undoubted kindred & blood. And whereas the now War- dens & Fellows of the s^ Colleges (though willing to observe the statutes of the s^ Founder in that behalf made & provided for all such as are truly & undoubtedly of the Founder's blood & kin- dred, yet) finding the s^ persons claiming the s^ privileges as of blood to the s^ Founder cannot directly & fully prove their pedi- grees and consanguinity to the Founder. And also that from the first foundation of the College unto this present day, there were never admitted of the s<^ persons complainants before the s4 RL Fiennes now living, other than one Ri. Fiennes Ann. 5 Edw. IV. to whom they by likelihood of the same names supposed them- selves to be kin, without sufficient proof as the s^ Warden & Fel- lows do think.

Therefore the s* Wardens & Fellows have not thought it good to make general allowance of the claim before better & more exact proof be made of their pedigree & consanguinity to the Foun- der. Whereupon the s* Fiennes &c. have exhibited their Bills of complaint in the Honourable Court of Chancery against the s^ Wardens & Fellows, thereby to make due & just proof, that they are of the blood & consanguinity of the Founder, & to receive such further order upon hearing of the matter by the Lord Chan- cellor as to his Lordship should in equity seem meet. Whereupon the Lord Chancellor hearing the case, gravely considering that the public benefits of the realm for the education of scholars in learn-

Appendix XII L

lended by the Founder would be greatly hinde children of the s^ complainants, (allowing them ited blood of the s'' Founder) should be ad )llege5, being at this instant a great many in nt

time likely to spread & increase & grow into ufiicieni of themselves to fill the number of be lath thought it most convenient to refer the ■ing & finishing thereof, by the mutual consent I it concemeth, to the Right Rev*, Father ii

Lord Bp of Winchester visitor of the 3* Co :he s'* Bishop calling before him the s* personi Iso John Bolney of Bolney in the County of S ike claim for himself Sc his lineage to be kin ' Wykeham, & hearing their proofs & examinir ge, & considering the s' statutes & the mean Founder therein, & weighing likewise the reas ■ the s,^ Wardens & Fellows, Upon due considt 1 of the whole cause, hath by the mutual cons s aforesaid set down declared & finally orderet [ways to be observed touching the 3^ person ill other persons that shall hereafter claim to

to the Founder, as foUoweth : — Jishop (though finding imperfections on the 'be IS in the proof of their kindred to the s* Willi 'ounder of the s^ Colleges, such as by rigour w might perhaps in trial exclude them & the he privileges & preferments intended & provid

Founder for his undoubted kindred in both hi ^neth to have a thankful remembrance of so ^ e building of two Colleges, to be continued ii

be extended even to any such as in any pr > be of the blood of the s* Founder, so that the he annoying & disturbance or prejudice of I vhich the s^ Founder meant to make for the -. whole realm & not to be appropriated & ma. only kindred & family. And therefore the ii with the liking & agreement of the s"* Ward ther College, for the causes aforesaid, to yield )me convenient & reasonable number of the s^^ f John Bolney of Bolney & of their issues & off;

other as shall hereafter prove themselves to lod to the s* Founder, to have the benefit & \ ed & provided by the s^ William of Wykeham ther College for his undoubted kindred. And fi )f the s* complainants & others are at this time

5»** Annals of Winchester i

in number & their ofTspring & issues of th grow to 3 great multitude, so that if it b seen, the number of the scholars appointed said are like in a short time to be suppl offspring of the s* reputed kinsmen, be I be brought up in learning, so that the pul doubtedly the Founder mtended in his f education of all other persons in general i be frustrated. And for that it is evident Colleges, that there hath not been allowed men to the s* Founder, above the number descents whatsoever, & at all times, since the 9* Colleges, till some of these persons admitted. And for that also over & above Colleges anciently given by the s^ Founde since greatly augmented Sl enlarged with ) lands & possessions by the free & liber Most Excell. Majesty & other her Highnes tors, & of divers other well disposed perso the same Colleges were first founded, i hitherto as famous nurserys of learning fo the education & bringing up of youth shi & open for all the persons of this realm should be apt & meet in good time to do wealth, without which augmentation & ini times have changed the value & prices of t sessions given by the s^ Founder were no answer the ordinary Sc necessary charges employed about the education & maintenan by the Founder appointed to be brought consideration whereof & of many other re; & for the avoiding of such inconveniences blood consanguinity Sc kindred should have possession & regiment. And for that also t made by the s' Founder to his undoubte< Colleges for their apparel books & necessar p. ann. in either College amongst them all allotting 4 marks to every kinsman for his suflficeth only for 7 persons & no more, wl seemeth not to have made account of so j s*! persons complainants & others that now in s"* College at one time.

For these & many other causes &. considi by the mutual consent of all parties aforest ton hath declared & expounded the true mc

Appendix XIII.

Founder always to have beetii that the education of scholar more largely extend than to his own kindred, & that som venlent number of his own kindred should enjoy Si, ha\ benefit & privileges of their admission maintenance & alio set down Si. appointed by the s^ statutes. And therefore in cation & confirmation thereof he the s* Bishop hath ordered creed, that from henceforth there shall not be above the n of i8 persons proved & reputed to be of the blood & c( guinity of the s* Founder received or remaining within the i Colleges (which is as great a number as hath been there nin years last past received or maintained), & thes'^numberof i8 pi proved & reputed to be of the s^ Founder's blood to be so divid tween both the s* Colleges, that there be not received or rem within the College of Winchester near Winchester in any wise one time above ten such persons proved & reputed kinsmen ; time, to be hither elected there admitted or maintained or suffere< to remain or abide. But as the number of proved or reputed men afore-limited in either College wanteth faileth or decreasi the same to be supplied without contradiction or difficulty i next election of scholars In the College of Winchester near Chester, if any of the s* Founder's proved or reputed kindr then offered & found apt & able according to the statutes. of Colleges.

And further the s'* & hath also ordered that the s.^ Ric: ermes & John Bolney of Bolney & John Bolney of Stok< nor any claiming to be of the a"* Founder's blood by their d or pedigrees, nor any of their children issues or offspring i time of election, or otherwise, at any time hereafter shall present, require, claim, or demand any of their children issw spring ic to be nominated elected admitted or received to scholar of the s* S* Mary Winchester Coll. nigh Winchest to be preferred or admitted to the 3* Winton College in O so long as the 3^ several numbers of ten in the one Colli eight in the other, appointed by these orders aforesaid to t mitted or remaining in the s'* Colleges or any of them shall r full & undiminished, nor shall offer present or require abo\ number of two of their children or issues at any one electi be received or admitted into either of the s^ Colleges, any i sentence or order herein contained to the contrary notwithsta: And further that no persons claiming to be of blood & cc guinity to the s' Founder, otherwise than the persons afores :heir children & offspring, shall hereafter be elected admitt allowed to be of blood & consanguinity kindred to the s^i Fo before such time as the s* person or persons have made due of their blood & consanguinity as well before the Bishop of

530 Annals of Winchester College.

Chester for the time being, as in the s* Court of Chancery by or- dinary proceeding therein, vdiereanto the Wardens for the time being shall be made parties unto the suit, & shall make privy, or give notice of the s^ suit unto the s^ Rich^ Fiennes John Bolney & their issue & ofi&pring or some of them, to the end they may object what they can for the disproof of such evidences instru- ments testimonies or witnesses as such person or persons pre- tending to be of the Founder's blood shall produce for the proof of their pedigrees descents & consanguinities of or to the said Founder.'

XIV.

The Bishop of Achonr^s^ Commission from the Founder to con- secrate the Chapel and Cemetery of the College.

Dated July 7, 1395.

Venerabili in Christo patri ac domino domino Symoni Dei gracii episcopo Accadensi Willelmus permissione divina Wyn- ton. Episcopus salutem et firateme dilectionis perpetuum incremen- tum. Ut capellam collegii nostri beate Marie prope Wynton. nostra diocesi necnon altaria in e&dem erecta locumque pro cime- terio in dicto collegio ordinatum ac lapides pro superaltaribus* ordinatos dedicare et consecrare cum officio debito et in forma ecclesie consuetS possitis ceteraque peragere et expedire que in premissis et circa ea necessaria fiierint seu eciam oportuna pater- nitati vestre reverende tenore presentium committimus vices nos- tras et liberam pro hac vice concedimus facultatem. In cuius rei testimonium sigillum nostrum fecimus hiis apponi. Dat in castro nostro de Famham vii die mensis Julii anno domini millesimo ccc"^ nonogessimo quinto et consecrationis nostre xxviii™^.

' An ancient Irish See, now united with Killala and Tuam.

' These were stone or marble slabs used to cover altars, especially when the altars were wooden, as the altar in Canterbury Cathedral was in the time of Erasmus.

Appendix XV.

XV.

)f the Sub- Warden and Bursars of Wine concerning the Allowances made by ihem A n, pro Victualibus,/(»- the Year 1710.

The Sub- Warden and Bursars of H^inc/tester-i their Election into those Offices, in Decembe. iving Allowances to their Warden pro Victuahb ig: vie. That from andafltr the ayi day 0/ Det n shall have Weekly, pro Victualibus, after the Pro J And that the IVardetfs three Statutable Senian, '&r the ProporiioH of the other Servants of the 1 ub- Warden and Bursars did revoke all former . the Warden or his Servants, ^ra Victualibus.

'. Authority whereby the said Sub- Warden an locate to the Warden and his Servants, pro Victt by the 13M and Obth Rubriclcs of the Statutes 0 which provides thus. Rub. XIII, " Staluentesp dicti rtostri CoUegii de bonis eommunibus ipstus i 10 coMveniat, in victualibus deseririatur,/uxla ort&'nc I ipsius Custodis Vicecuslodis &'Bursariorutn CoBegi ub. XXVI. Volentes insuper quod Custos pradia yroprios stroientts, quorum unus Clericus, sine Don &* tertius Garcio exislat, qui sicut caeteri famUiai is comtnunibus juxta slalum, &• conditionem ipso atrentur."

; for which the said Sub- Warden and Bursars t! igfd to withdraw the former Allowances made these:

Because the firmer Allowances were such as did , Statui Custodis ci

\e former Allowances were greater than he couid coi by reason of those Allowances, the Scholars of the r after a worse manner than they ought to be. by reason of those Allowances, the Revenue of the ficienl to defre^ the necessary Expences thereof.

532 Annals of Winchester College,

Proof of the First Reason,

The Status Custodis is to be determin'd, i. By the several Provi- sions allow'd in the Statutes to the Warden, compar'd with those allow'd to the Fellows. 2. By the Ancient Practice ; and, 3. By the State of the Warden of New-College,

Provisions in the Statutes for tite Warden.

L s. d. The Status Custodis.

For his Stipend Yearly 90 00 00

For his Habit, la Yards of Cloth, at aidL per Yard in value 01 ot 00

As to his Diet, he is to eat in the Common-Hall, at the same Table and Dish with the Fellows.

As to his Attendants, be is to have three Servants, besides the common Servants of the College.

For his Apartment, he is to have two Chambers and Garrets.

For his Stable, Provender for two Horses ; which two Horses are to be bought, and chang'd, and provided with Bridles, Saddles, Shoes, &c at his own Charge.

To support this State the Warden had^

For his own Stipend Yearly

and for his Servants

For his Habit

and for his Servants

For the Diet of himself and his Servants Yearly .

For his Fuel

For his Stable

For Linen of divers kinds, ^c

For other Particulars

Total .

Provisions in the Statutes for a Fellow.

/. s. d.

For his Stipend Yearly 05 00 00

For his Habit, 8 Yards of Cloth, at 2i<^ per Yard in value 00 14 00

For Fur for his Habit 00 03 04

As to his Diet, he is to eat in the Common-Hall, at the same Table and Dish with the Warden.

As to his Attendants, he is to have no proper Servant, but the common Servants of the College.

For his Apartment, he is to have one third part of a Chamber.

For his Stable, no Horses but such as are provided for the use of the College.

/.

&

dL

33

06

08

06

05

04

01

13

04

06

09

00

337

17

08

47

00

00

5a

10

00

ID

00

00

10

09

08

495

II

oR

Appendix XV.

For a Fellow's Support, h« hath, tohm Residtnl, I.

For his Stipend Yearly 071

For bis Habit Ycariy ........ 01 1

For his Diet Yearly, about 30 1

For his Fuel 00

For other Particulars, about oa

Total . 41 <

t. By comparing the Provisions made in the Statutes arden and Fellows, with those claim'd at present by thei arden's allowances were found to be much more than sufBt : Support of the State appointed to him by the Founder, an< ; Article of his Diet they were highly Extravagant, and beit in as Eleven to One, did greatly exceed the Proportion the tb made between him and his Fellows, who were all to eat t( L That the Allowances made to the Warden for Diet, did n( 3 convtttire, is prov'd by the ancient Practice from the first I n of the College in 1393, till towards the Year 1600; du lich time, vie. for near aoo Years, the Wardens did eat mmon-Hall with the Fellows, and had but double aIlow*d ' their Diet that then was allow'd to a Fellow. \. This is also prov'd from the State of the Warden of Neuy lich tho' intended by the same Founder to be greater thai ! Warden of WtHchesler (inasmuch as he hath allow'd him jarate from that of his Fellows, and for his Stipend double the Warden of Winchtster) yet hath not so much allow'd et as one third part of what the Warden of Winchesitr had f

Proof oflht Second Reason.

The Warden's Statutable Family consisteth of himself an rvants ; but he now hath in his Lodgings a Son, a Sister, a rvants, who did not all of them consume what was allow'd i his Servants Diet. For besides what he is suppos'd to s about 150/. yearly, which is paid by the Bursars in Mo 'eral particular kinds of Diet ; he is known to receive of thi irly about 10/. of the Butcher yearly about 25/. and of the )ut 14/. yearly for Bread Meat and Beer, allow'd, but not sp

'koof o/Ihe Third Reason.

Che Scholars of the College are knovra to be so ill provide* be chargeable to their Friends ; and tho' the College hat ling to make better Provision for them, yet by reason of th owances claim'd by the Warden, the Revenue of the Colle,

534 Annals of Winchester College.

not been great enough to afford it The Warden having more of the annual Revenue of the College for his own Uses, than all the Seventy Scholars put together.

Proof of the Fourth Reason.

By an Estimate of the Receipts and Payments of WindtesterCoVLeg^y from Michaeimas 1700, to Michaelmas ijorj, it appeareth that the £x- pences of the College for those seven Years have exceeded their certain Income above 4000/. which great Sum hath been suppl/d out of the Woods belonging to the College, and cannot be supply'd in like manner for the future, without the apparent Destruction of them.

Conclusion. Wherefore the Collie being under the Necessity of contracting their Expences, and withal under Obligation to provide better for the Scholars, it was thought advisable by the said Sub- Warden and Bursars, to withdraw from the Warden those Allowances fro victuaUbuSj which they were persuaded in their Judgments did not Statui suo convenire, and were also known to be greater than he did spend, even in that State wherein he lived, which was almost four times as great as that wherein the Founder intended he should live, and wherein the Wardens his Predecessors, 'till the beginning of the last Century, actually did live.

After that the said Sub-Warden and Bursars had, for the Reasons recited, thought themselves oblig'd to withdraw from the Warden his former Allowances, they did, upon due Consideration, allow him after the Proportion of Four Fellows, for these Reasons.

I. Because the Practice, from the Foundation of the CoUege for the first 200 Years, having been to allow the Warden but double to what was alloufd to a Fellow pro victualibus, an AUoivance to him after the Pro- portion of Four Fellows was very ample,

II. Because by such Evidence as ttfas to be found of the Allowance made to that Warden, who first had a Table separate from the Fellows, it appealed, That he was alloufd after the Proportion of Four Fellows, wiih- out being dlkmfd any thing for his Servants : Wherefore an Allowance after that Proportion, not including Servants, could not be thou^ other tlian very sufficient.

III. Because the Disproportion of four to one, was the greatest that the Statute had put between the Warden and a FeUow, in any, and that but in one Article,

IV. Because an Allowance pro victualibus, after the Proportion of Four Fellows, together with the Allowances made to his Servants, would, together with the other Payments coming to him, make his Wardenship much supe- rior to that of New-College, or to most Deafieries in England.

.i-|><«.f '.f -s $•■••■•

Appendix XV. 535

For these several Reasons therefore the said Sub- Warden and Bursars did allow to their Warden after the Proportion of Four Fel- lows, over and above the Allowances made to his Servants, and do think that they have acted herein agreeably to their Statutes, and to the ancient Practice, and with abundant Respect to their Warden.

Objections against the Power of the Sub- Warden and

Bursars Answered.

Objection I. That the Warden, being one of the four Persons who are to aUocaie to himself in victualibus, the Act of the Sub-wctrden and Bursars without him, is not valid.

Answer. That an Act done by the Majority of the Persons ap- pointed by Statute, is to be esteemed an Act of them alL

That the Statute would be unaccountable, in joining these Persons to the Warden in making his Allowances, if nothing may be done therein without his Consent

That the Warden, being interested in his own Allowances, is not so proper a Judge of them, as the other three Persons are.

That the College would be in an ill State, if whatever the Warden became possess'd of by any Means, might not be taken from him without his Consent.

Objection II. That the Allowances^ pro victualibus, ckMd by the Warden, were given to his Predecessors, ly the Grant and Consent of all, or the major part of the Fellows; were appraifd by the Warden and Posers <f New-College ; and have, as 'tis said, had the Confirmation of a higher Powers and therefore cannot now He taken away, or altered, without the Consent, Approbation, and Confirmation of the like Persons,

ft-

Answer. That no Consent, Approbation, or Confirmation is re- quired by Statute, save, of those four Persons only, who are to make the Warden's Allowances, and therefore not necessary.

That many of the Particulars now claim'd by the Warden, do no where appear to have been consented to by the Fellows, or the major part of them ; or to have been approved or confirmed by any other Persons.

That no Act of former Officers, however consented to, approved, or confirmed, can so bind their Successors, but that they have liberty to revoke the same.

That the present Fellows did never, by any Act of theirs, in any Year, consent to, or confirm the Warden's Allowances.

That much the greater part of the present Fellows do concur with the Officers in those Allowances that are now made.

/

53^ Annals of Winchester College.

Objection III. That the present Lord Bishop cf Winchester haJOi formerly y by Letter ^ requited the IVarden otnd Fettows to let the Matters then in dispute^ he and continue in the State they were in ai his Accession to the Bishoprick ^Winchester.

Answer. That what the Bishop wrote, was near two Years since, without hearing of Parties, in a Dispute very different finom that now on foot : (viz. In a Case wherein the Warden complained of the two Bursars only ; who, with the Consent of the Majority of the Fellows, withdrew from him part of his Allowances).

That the Bishop hath, several times since that Letter was written, kindly admonish'd the Warden and Fellows, to put a stop to the Wast of their Victuals; whereof, allowing to the Warden more than is fitting, must be esteem'd a part.

That could the Bishop be supposed, by what he wrote two Years since, to intend a Prohibition of the Warden and Fellows in time coming, from doing what their Statutes require, they must not submit to such Prohibition.

That the Bishop of Winchester^ (being Visitor of Winchester College, of common Right only, and not by any express Appointment of the Founder,) hath no other Power over the College, than he hath over any other part of his Diocess ; is to take care that the College be under the Direction of the Statutes, as his Diocess is under the Elccle- siastical Law ; and in case he shall require, or order any thing con- trary to the Statutes, b to be appealed firom, as in all other parts of his Jurisdiction.

Objection IV. That the Allowances the Warden ckdms^ are imme^ morial, and therefore he hath Title to them by Prescription.

Answer. That several of the Warden's Allowances are risen within Memory.

That those Allowances whereto he pretends any just Title, are known and confessed to have first began by the firee Grant and Con- sent of the Fellows.

That no Custom ought to avail against direct Statute.

That any Usage or Custom, contrary to Statute, is expressly pro- vided against, in the 45th Rub. of the Statutes, where the Founder saith thus, Nee vobtmus quod per aHquam assuetucKnem, consuetudinemj wl abusumy out aliam occasionem quamcunque^ intentioniy out verbis ipsorum statutorutHy aut ordinationum nostrantmy in cdiquo derogetuK

Objections against the Reasons for lessening the Warden's

Allowances Answer'd.

Objection I. 77m/ it is not reasomMe to lessen the Warden's Allooh amrs, atid af '/w st7/nf titnr not Ifsstn those of the Fellows.

Appendix XV,

swER. That the Fellows Allowances ^« Vii I'd one half of what they were about 50 ^ len's Allowances pro vicluatibus have not bi ime, but encreas'd,

U a Fellow's Allowance ^n> victualibus, not ei little as can be made to a Person of that Chai at if a Fellow's Allowance is lessen'd, the \ 'ho is to have a Proportional Allowance to hi

lECTioN II. That Ihe Warden hath been a gn y, and therefore 'tis ungrateful to take any things cessors have quietly enjqy'd.

swER. That Gratitude cannot oblige to a Bn at besides his Contribution to the New-Sch< s cost of diverse Contributors, the Warden's whoUy to his own Lodgings ; which being State wherein a Warden ought to live, are fit to the College, encreasing the Charge oi irs and Furniture of the same. at he hath withstood all such needful Regulal ofFer'd him from time to time, to prevent the ge Victuaiia, and to enable the College to pr lars : by which Stiffness of the Warden, tl d great Damage, not less than ^mI. per Annu\ fears, the time he hath been Warden, amount

INDEX.

John, 94, 96.

it. Archbishop, inhibits Imber, laj.

tiarlea, the botanist, 409.

inry, Bishop of, 141.

rman's History of WpuhtsUr

"'g'.Si-

irbuiy, church of| >6,

ngton, Antony, 39+,

.ord Sidmouth), 394, 416.

ortas speeches, 73, 310.

uod damnum, writ of, 16*

court, news of, 177.

white with a cope— l^m/. Ed. VI.,

in, W. H., catalopies Ubrary, 169. Perot, 16, 18, 97, 105, 107. lation of land by will, 164. L Priories, the, at. annings, a;.

Eton Great Head, 95 ; manor of, i, 16B ; tenants restrained Irom ting timber, 319. foi^, Nicholas dc, 150. , High, 50; inferior, A.; frontals .Bas.

I, lands Bt, an. ican Bible, 371. 'ican Indians, 374. abilis Concordia, 199, 534. Tcr Priory, 17a; annexed to Uege, 174 ; fire diere, 175 ; Angel I at, ib. ; parish boundaries, 179 ; 1 to found anew, 31 1 ; chantry of Uary, a6o 1 Callicc, luid so called, ; Dr. Goddard's benefactions at,

oes, Warden of All Souls'. 159.

leil, manor of, 94 ; repairs at,

1; heronshaw from, 158.

down. Bishop of, 168.

al payments by Commoners, 43a ;

scholars, ib.

duct, the, 3o6.

and armour in 156a, 386; in :i, a^a; in 1567, a94 [ in 1599,

Army clothing fii

Arnold, Robert,

Rugby, 4aa. Arras, 45. Arundel, Archbist

Askham, John, has

'SO- Aashebome, Tba

cups, 335 ; his 0 Assbewelle, WilliB AatoQ, Sir Richan Audit room, 45. Aumries, what, 60

Awde, Walter, 66,

Ayleward, Thomu

executors, 155 ;

BaiB, name for Ba Bakehouse, the, 39;

Baker, Warden, SI

cbantry, ai8 ; hi

Ball Court, 368.

Bancroft, Archbis. 301 ; injunctions

Bandinel, Bulkele;

Bai'baria, the, 33, .

Barnake, Warden,

BamarUe, aehoolm

Barter, Warden, 4 Commoners, 13 Crimean memo Sunday aftema Cathedral, 388.

Barton, oratory of

— John, loB.

Barystickin Lane,

Annals of Winchester College.

540

Basing, Lord, 430.

Basingstoke, lands at. aio.

Bosnage's History of the Jews, 374.

Bassett, ThoniHS, hia epitaph, 385,

Bastardc, Thomas, 993.

Bath, waters, 993, 333 ; WykehimisI

physidsns at, 393. Batburst, bamXy of, 107 ; bishop, loB,

395, 497 ; arcfadeacQO, id8 ; Benja-

Battels, arrears of, lao.

Bawdekyn, what, 339,

Bayley, Ralph, 993.

Beaufort, Carilinjil, his injunction, 199 ; his enthronement, 171 ; dines in Hall, ib. ; gives silvergilt image of Our Lady. 173, 937 : obtains grant of Andover Priory, I'i. ; his obit, 189,

Beaumont. Sir George, 106, Beckington, Bishop, 151 ; his obit, 364 ; gives moiety of Allington, 168 ;

Bedell, John, the manciple, 19a; his

chalice, 338 ; his obit, 964. Bed time in 1778, 411. Beef, course nf, 381. Beer, statistics of in 1738, 95OJ price

of, 361 ; excise on, 133, 334 : waste

of. 375 i allowance o^ 376, 381

bever, 497, Beer stone, 38, 166, 331. Beeston, schoolmaster, 139; tablet t

his children, 348 ; Warden of New

College, 363. Jeggars at College, 313. Sclfry, the, 63 ; pulled down, 319. 3etls, the, 69 ; Cleve's great bell, 994 ;

ning, 369, 373. icnllcy, Richard, 399. 3elhelT,Richard,MayorofWincheEter,

940 ; buys Hyde Abbey, 360, a8S. ^cltcsworth, Mr., lawsuit with, 358. ietton. Sir John, renews stained glass

in Chapel, 56. Jevis, Bishop, 314. 3ible, the, to be read aloud in Hall,

80 J an Indian, 371 ; Lady Dorothie

Stafforde's copy of Crammer's, 1 16 ;

In Isleworth Church, 949. jiblc Clerk, his duties, 411. iiddcstone St. Nicholas, rectory of.

jilson. school master, 90; first man warden, 35 ; Garnet's alleged plot against, 988 ; career, 991.

lingbam, Canou, to8.

Bishopstoke pension. 147 ; rectory, 35.

Bisse, Philip, 108.

Blackfriais, site of, 953.

BlacksCone, Charles, lo, S4, 1S4, 394 ; Sir William, draws Dr. Taylor's will , 389 : hia delicacy i^>out fees, A. \ an opinion of his, 409 ; great uncle of Dr. WilliamE, 434.

Blandford, halting place on progress, 360 : fire at, ib.

Boarding houses, the, 135 ; vacancies in. 431. 433-

Bogey hole, 6a.

Bolney, family of, 96, 599.

Boniface IX., Bulls of, 4, 5, 6, 84.

Books, not to be parted with, 89 ; purchased, 306, 309, 314, 3ao, 334, 336. 346. 35' i acquired through Cromwell, 345; catalogued by Alchin, 169.

Books-cbambers, 407 ; houiB of, 4I1.

Botes, manor of, 19.

Botetourt, Lord, 413.

Botlcy, tenement at, 911.

Bouke, Warden, his brass, 349.

Boulogne, siege of, 360.

Boulton, A. L, 170-

Bowles, the poet, 409.

Bowling green, the, 333.

Boy-bisbop, the, 90.

Bradford Peverel, advowson of; 35,

Brasses, renewed by Dr. Freshfield, 54 ISUte of in 1670. 349.

Brathwaite, Warden, 385, 387.

Bread, allowance of, 38a; cast of. what, ib.

Bretagncand Flanders, Duke of, 146.

Brewer, agreement with, 376.

Brawhouse, the, 34.

Brideoake, Archdeacon, 376,

Brinton, Bishop Thomas de. 3, 15.

Bromfield. John Trenchard, 75.

Browne. Sir Thomas, 310.

Bryan, Philip. 95, 995.

Buckingham, Marquess of, his regi- ment ofmiMtia, 418.

Buckland, Dean, 490 ; Frank, ■&.

Budd, punishment of, 418.

Buff coal, purchase of, 354.

Builders' prices in 1658, 349.

Bulls, of Boniface IX., 4 ; of Urlian VI., 3. S-

Burgbley, Lord, High Steward, 383, 384.

Bursars, the, 79, 338 ; the first, 137,

Bursary, the, 33.

Bursledon, tithe of, 95.

Burt, schoolmaster, 348 ; warden, ib.

r~o)^aii

o I

Ing house, 139; builds Commoners, '33 i portraits of his pupils, 134 ; rounds Fox and Burton exhibitions, 390 ; Eyre's grievance against, 39a ; gives a fire-engine, 394.

Butter and cheese, to be allowed for breakfost, 403.

Buttea, manor of, i8a.

Camoys, Sir Hugh, 17.

— Hill, lawsuit about, 35a

Campcden, John dc, 33, 66.

Campcrdown, battle off, 4.91.

Capel, Lord, of Hadeham, 119.

Capels, the, 119.

Carman, the chaplain, 109; hia death

foretold, 373. Cairoelites, agreement with, t6o ;

prednct of, 353. Castlehaven, Earl of, his leave out

letter, 37a. Cast, a. of bread, 38a^ Catechism, instruction in, 338. Cauliflowers, first mention o^ 369. Cause money, 363. Cedula, what, 4B.

Cellar, the, 44 ; wine-cellar, the. 53. Cbaie Down, chapel on top oC, aia. Chamber Court, 35, Chamberlaync, his speech, 413. Chambers, 35. 37 ; i^imncys in, 190;

fires in, 394, 435; stone liaains in,

4a6. Chambre, Roger de le, 3. Champneys, Agnes. >& Chandler, tallow for the, 357. — Richard, 194, 395 ; Dean, 400. Chantry, Fromond's, r66; becomes

library, 169; visited by George III.,

King's

Hou

alS;

4'3- — Thuriwrn s.

— Wykeham's, 159, 353-

— St Mary's, Andover, aSo. Chapel, 46 ; services in, 86 ; seats, &, ;

consecmtion of^ 141; expenses of, '44. IS9. ""S. 343 ; inventory of con- tents of, 393, 340 ; attendance at, 333. Chaplains, their chamber "

n ■•

■ of. ;

stipends of, 84 ; duties of, '^ Chard, Dr., 59. Charles I. nominates scholars, 73 ; his

protection sought for Cqllege, 333 ;

his grocer, 33s ; plate given to, 340. Charles II. nominates scholars, 73;

Ken attends, 345 ; his charter, 35a ;

. 37-

AppTeford, ib.

Charnell, the, 311.

Chamock, Sir Viiliers,

Charter, of Fonndatioi

priation, 14; of Prii

of Henry IV., ib. :

173; of Henry VI., ■

IV., 36. 174; of the

of Charles II., 36, 35

Charterhouse, the rebe

Chaundler, Warden. 3<

IVyteham attributed

obit, 365.

Cheriton Down, battle

Cbeyney, Dean, his lej

— schoolmaster, 373, :

— Court, 38, 314; gaol Chichele, Archbishop, Chief rent to Dean anc

— to City of Winchest Choir School, 38. Cholera, precautions a Choristers, 38, 78 ; gc

duties, 339, 35i:rroCT Church accommodalior Churcheatts, what, 19. Church money, 383. Church plate, inventor

under Edward VI,, 's Chute, Edward, 357.

— Challoner, ib.

— John. 358.

— C. W., 430- Cibber, Caius Gabriel,

— Colley, ib.

— Lewis, loB, 346.

— Theophilus, 346. CUtem House and Ch Clarendon, Earl of, 341 Clarke, Jeremiah, 59. Claviger, office of, 338 Clericus computi, oSc' Cleve, Warden, 334 ;

obil, a65. Clocbier, the, 63. Clock, the, 63. CloUlers, the, 63; c

I4r ; repairs of, 1B5, Cloister-lime, what, 63 Cloth for gowns, 85. Clyff, William, 64, 165 Coals, pit, first mentio

of, 363. 376- Cobb, Warden, 389, 35 Cobbett, William, his [

Cobden, Dr., his ezhil

!

542

Annals of Winchester College.

Coke, the Town Clerk, 249. Coker, John, 108.

— Cadwallader, 39a. Colborne (Lord Seaton), 415. Cole, Warden, aaS.

CoUege seal, 87, a86; mill, 243.

CoUey, Edward, 346.

Collins, the poet, 394.

Colman, brass pot so caHed, 41, 161.

Colpays, Robert, 963, 965.

Colthrop, manor of^ 959 ; lease of, 984.

Commensales, ii9 ; extra Collegium,

I90, 193. Commoners, 109 ; number at dififerent

times, 198 ; portraits of Dr. Burton's,

134 ; to pay for their commons, 305 ;

fees of, 384; annual payments by,

439 ; admission of, ib,

— (New), 135, 496; purchase of site, 331. 340.

— (Old;, 134.

Commons, 80, 399; in 1489, 993;

improvement in 171 1, 379. Computus rolls, 137. Conducts, 70.

Conduit, the, 41 ; new, 496. Consecration of chapel, 47 ; rule as to,

ib, ; of cloisters, 141. Conventicles, statute against, 83. Coombe Bisset, manor of, 18 ; repairs

at, 150. Cooper, Bishop, renevTS lease of

Ropley, 90; his order limiting

number of founder's kin, 104. Com rents, 983. Comewall, Speaker, 374.

— Captain Wolfram, ib. Coryat, George, 990.

— Thomas, ib,

Coventre, William, a benefactor, 185.

Cowdray, John, bears news of Agin- court, 177.

Coxe, Joseph, gives tankards, 415.

Coxed, Warden, 395.

Cracks in ancient fabric, 490.

Cradock, public orator, 350.

Craggs, Secretary, his letter, 387.

Cranlegh, Thomas de, 3, 11.

Cranmer, his mandate, 49 ; his visita- tion, 944; copies of his bible, 116, 949.

Crawley, scholars sent to, 355.

Crimean memorial, 60.

Cromwell, Oliver, occupies Winchester, 333; books acquired through him, 345;*petitionto,in favour of Burt,348.

— Thomas, his visitation, 944. Crowe, William, 398. Crown Inn, site of, 38.

Danvers, Dame Joan, 965.

D'Arcey, Richard, schoolmaster, t88.

Daubeny, Archdeacon, 398.

Day boys, 199 ; cease to be taken, 154.

Deal, first mention of, 347.

Deane, Mr., a brewer, 421.

Decanter, first mention of, 390.

Defence of kingdom, subscription for, 421.

Dene, Richard, schoolmaster, 213, 299.

Deodands, 96.

Deverose, Thomas and Agnes, ic^ 179, 187.

Dibdin, Charles, 390.

Dispensation from salt fish on Wed- nesdays, 981.

Dispers, what, 389, 497.

Distributio pauperibus, 999^ 301, 306,

310. 3i3» 3a3i 330, 331, 33a, 335,

369,409. Dobson, Warden, founds superan- nuates' fund, 390. Dobbins, Guy, his son's commons,

Z2Z ; builds new rooms, 128. Dogger's Close, 252. Doglas cloth, 225. Dogs, not to be kept, 82. Domum, author and composer o^ 59,

184. Donatus, grammar of, 71. Downton, rectory of, 3, 14, 16 ; repairs

at, 158; lease to Wilkes, aSa;

forgery at, 291. Drew the cellarer, 9. Duke of Bretagne and Flanders, his

visit, 146. Dumere's or Dummer's Meade, 7. Duncans, the, of New College, 415. Dupaizy, a French Protestant, 369;

his sons in Commoners, 13a Durrington, manor of, 19 ; repairs at,

150 ; stocks at, 425.

Earles, Bishop, 306.

Easthall, manor of, 2^

East Tisted, farms at, 210.

East WorldObam, &rms at, 211.

* Ecclesia,' for chapel, 244.

Ecton, John, author of Liber Valonm,

130- Ede, Stephen, his obit, 191, 265.

Edward IV. sends lion, 214 ; his visit to College, ib,

— VI , his Commissioners seize Church plate, 239; seize College plate, 241 ; gives manors in lieu of Enford, 253 ; his injunctions of 15471 262 ; his act abolishing obits, 964 ; cries dovvm money, 267 ; *ymages' destroyed under, 49; altar de- molished under, 51.

wner of Meon-

Fine, a fictitious actioi

ATykehun proxy

Fines, statute of, 10.

nnklcy.a purlieu of;

iJare, t6, ^T, ot

Fir timber, first menti

d»,a.

Fire in Third Chambe

(vbit of George

394. *35-

Fire-engioe, Dr. Burl

Fire insurance, 395.

miU >Dd caii>e-

First of June, celcbrat

Flandera tiles. 145.

enews (cue of

Flandrestiel, what, 14

, College, 38o:

Flatman, Thomas, 343

?.«8a.

Flemyng, Chief Justic

»1.365.

»; recovered by

36 ; gjves paneUme

bedsteads burnt, 43;

.subjects of, 431.

Fletcher, Bishop, 386

Lores reredos, 5a,

, 166; admitted

Forks, use ot; 394.

brother Peter, fl.

Founder, the. his

;r, aai, 341.

portrait of. 43; Gl

) of, 65 ; buUding

346; -founder's spo

ions of. 193 ;

Founder's kin, 70, g

aeration st, 303;

when side 83; 1

masters' incomes

privilege abolished.

ions flt, 405.433-

Fox, Bishop, renews

345, 376.

aa

nee, 431 ; for

Fox, Bohun, founds 1

Fox, a, kept m Collej

1 CoUege. ^^8.

Frampton the brewer

430; minor. 439.

Franklin, Sir John, i<

t33. 39" ; founds

Free Education, V!;

md, 390J his

■,433-

Free School Charity.

French, expected li

of, 88; coat of,

invasion of Russia,

.4»

Fresbfield, Dr., give

«.«5.

member of govemii

091.

Fromond, John, his

166; steward of tl

his godchild. 163

founds chantry, 16;

Fromond, Maud, 163

stones and gear of

iRtions touching,

Frye, surname of hv

i;83i removal of,

ham's sister, 17.

itted, 143 i allow

Fussell, James, 59.

rf. 337.

'm>39-

Gabell, Dr., 130; rt

134; his career.

iUowed,9a.

bellion of 181B, 4s

7-

expulsion, 494.

Galleries, a feature i

oro^ig.

37 ; Warden's, 33,

GS, 168.

Garbett, Mr., his rt

Hall, 411.

r,aa&"

Garden, expenses of^

J.

Gardiner, Bishop, 94

Stoke Park, a6a.

Garnet, Henry, 388.

544

Annals of Winchester College.

Garnish of pewter, what, 396. Gas, laid on at College, 426. Gatesdene, Sir John de, 17. Gauntlett, Warden, 396. GeesM, first mention of, 377. George III., visit of. 4x3 ; jubilee o^

425- Giflfard, Lord Justice, 425.

Gispins, what, 44, 227 ; number o^

411. Goddard, Dr. , 132 ; abolishes gratuities,

402 ; his career, 419 ; portraits of, ib.

* Goddards,' what, 222. Golding, Warden, 398. Goleigh, purchase of, 210. ' Gomer,' what, 85.

* Gordon's,* lands so called, 38.' Gospel, the, read in Hall, 81. Governing body, the, 135 ; establish- ment of, 430 ; members of^ ib.

Gown cloth, allowance of, 85.

Grand Jury, present College for dis- affection, 386.

Gratuities to masters, Bigg*s attempt to abolish, 400; electors' attempt, 402 ; Dr. Goddard abolishes, 403 ; to Eton Masters, 401.

Greek beggars, 297, 301, 306, 310, 323 ; archbishops, 297, 306, 349.

Grcnegyngyver, 172, 181.

Grent, Thomas, 106, 296^

Gresham, Sir John, 243.

Grey Friars, site of, 253.

Groceries in 1568, 289.

Grocyn, the Grecian, 212.

Grove, Bishop, 334.

Groves, Dean, 310.

Gunner, Rev. W. H., 40.

Guns, purchase of, 2x3, 294.

Gynnore, John, his obit, 265.

Hacket, Mr., letter to, 317.

Hall, the, 43 ; order of sitting in, 80 ;

theatricals in, 287 ; riot in, ib. ;

under-pinning of, 420 ; tables in, 44,

306. Hall, Peter, his MS. long-roll, 417,

4a3» 434- Hall Place, manor of, 248.

Halland, manor of, 182.

Hamble, church and manor of, 24;

corrody, 159; French expected at,

156. Hampton, James, 394. Hampton-on-Thames, church of, 23 ;

given to Henry VIII., 251 ; John

Uvcdalc. vicar of^ 187. Hanoverian rats, 395. Harcourt, Sir Simon, 117. Hardyng, Thomas, 276.

Harmar, Warden, agS.

Harmondswortfa, cfaujxli oC 24 ; re- pairs at, 150; new chancel, 15a; strike of tenants at, an ; given to Henry VIII., 251.

Harpysfields, the, 293.

Harris, James, zaa

-- John, 53.

— Renatus, 58, 344.

— Richard, 37a

— Thomas, 58.

— Walter, 106, 355.

— Warden, 316, 317, 337, 339.

— WUliam, 53, 350, 363. Hartham, rectoiy of, 280. Hatches, the, 44. Hatheriey, Lord, 423. Hats, not to be worn, 411. Hawkbroke, the usher, difficulty in

filling his place, 218.

Hawkley mill, 280.

Hay in Meads, 311.

Haydon, Benjamin, 308 ; his son in Commoners, 121.

Hayter, Sir W. G., 422.

Hayward, Warden, 399, 403.

Hearse, meaning of word, 353.

Heath, John, 290.

Heathcote, Archdeacon, 59, 409 ; Sub- warden, 8, 410.

Heete, Robert, 28 ; his copy of statutes, 68 ; his life of Wykeham, ib, ; his library, 69 ; gives candle- sticks, 50 ; crosier for boy-bishop, 91.

Heigham, Roger, 325.

Henry IV., visit of, 147.

Henry V. at Winchester, 176; his charter of Andover. 173.

Henry VI. transcribes statutes, 65 ; his frequent visits to College, 193 ; stays at Wolvesey, 194 ; his gifts, ib. ; vestments, 230 ; dines in Election Chamber, 413.

Henry VIII. visits Wolvesey, 245; his exchange with the College, 251 ; besieges Boulogne, 260; death of, 262.

Herbert, Chief Justice, 349.

Herton, Richard, 2, 122.

Heston, church of, 23; repairs at, 150; g^iven to Henry VIII., 251.

Heydocke, Richard, 290.

High Steward, place o^ 283, 284, 3x9.

Hills, what happened to Moody on, 406; scholars go to, 411, 421; planted with trees, 413 ; prescriptive right to, 421 ; games played on, 422.

Hilsea, tithe of, 307.

Hoadley. Bishop, rejects Pumell, 398*

Hodges, Dr., his work in library', 1691

Hodson, Edmund, his epitaph, aSo;

legacy to poor scholars, ib. Holidays, note on, 138 ; introduced by

■ KinR-j

:, 339.

Holies, Secretary, withdraws letter, 75.

HoUoway, Hr. Justice, 397.

Holy Commmiion in Wardeu Love's time, 309 ; in Ken's time, 344 ; how often to be adnunistered, 433 ; oCGce

Holy Trinity, monasteiy of, at Rouen, 34.

Homilies. Cnmmers, purchased, 967.

Hops inMeads.aso, 311 ; price of, 351.

Horeraan, William, schoolmaster, 9a6.

Homchurch, 95.

Horses, price of io 1393, 141; in 1398, 145 ; in 1430 and 1440, 191 ; in 'S64-Si»86; psirof.for Beaufort, iBl.

Hoskjns, Serjeant, 990.

Hostiarius, 70, 79,

Houghton, Prebendary, 350.

Household stuff) inventory of in 141a,

Howley, Archbishop, 415 ; founds

Moberly Library, 497. Huddesford, George, 404. Huet or Hewet, first usher, 67, t6o. Hulse, Andrew, bis chantry, 156 ; obit,

965; vestments, 330, 931 ; silver cup,

935. Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, peti-

174; his i

I of

Chatter of Heniy V., ift.

Hunt, the public, 313 ; scholars at, A.

Huntbome, manor of, 95.

Huntingford, Warden, Commoner tutor, 405,416 ; Bishop of Gloucester, ib. ; of Hereford, ib. ; punishes Budd,

356.

Huraley, Wardens meet j Hutt, Hr. William, 59. Hyde Abbey, aSS.

— (Lord Clarendon), 349.

— the schoolmaster, 976.

— Bishop, 906. Hylic, Thomas, 59.

Images in roodloft, 48 ; destroyed, 49 ;

in reredos, 59 ; for vestments, 349. Imber, John, 134. Incense in Chapel, 349, 357. ndian Bible, 371 ; chiefs, visit o^ 374. nformator, 70, 79. ngepcnne, John, 9tt. njunctions of Archbishop Arundel, 155; of Edward VL, 963 ; of Arch- bi^iop Bancroft, 30a ; of Archbishop Laud, 390,

Innkeeper Inoculatio Invenlorif

34t;of

of plate

Iron nails

Isabel de

Isle°of^ Islewortb,

150; ei

VIIL, a

Ive, Wi

officiate

Jacks, leal

Janjm, Bi Jenkinson Jews, Bai Joan, Qu visits C

Jolliffe, k Jonaon,CI

Katherint

Keate, Di Keats, Ad Ken, Bisl

Kent, Jan

— Simon, 189.

Keswyke,

KeCon, Jo

— Roberl Kettlebetl Keytlhe King's C

King-ri:.

to build King's lei Kitchen, I KnoUys,

arebeU Koyghte,

Lake, Bis

Land and Land, poi

546

Annals of Winchester College,

Langton, Bishop, bis visitation, a96. Latin, importance of in Wykeham's

opinion, 3 ; Bursars', 138 ; scholars

vow to talk, 395. Laud, Archbishop, his injunctions,

390; adjudicates on Edward Wyk-

ham's petition, 104. Laus, William, his obit, 965. Lavender, meanings of word, 497.

— Mead, 145, 437. Lavie, Sir Thomas, 409. Lavington, Bishop, 373. Lavyngton, Thomas, 9. Lawrence, French, 4oi3.

Lay clerks, 70, 84, 141, 143, 338.

Lead, cast better than milled, 6fl.

Leases, land and stock,88; length 01^86.

Leasing powers, 86.

Lectern, the, 54.

Lee, Harry, 399 ; Warden, ib,

— Warden Godfrey BoUes, 499. Leicester, Earl oi^ 993.

Leigh, Peter, 399. Lenten diet, what, 961. Leveson-Gower, G. W. G., 48, in. Lewis, the French prisoner, 177, 189^

190. Lewis, Monk, cause of his death, 386. Lewse, Owen, 976. Library, 169, 371 ; book of donations

to, 169, 345 ; visited by George IIL,

413. Library, School, 133, 497.

Litigious tailor, tale of the, 10, 11.

Liverpool, Earl of, 374.

Lloyd, Hugh, schoolmaster, 998.

Locke, Mr., 33.

Lockbum, the, 8, 34.

London, Dr. John, 997.

— Bishop of, 430. Long, Benjamin, 59.

— Hills, graves in, 356.

— roll, the earliest, 198 ; of 1690, ib. ; Peter Hairs, 417, 493, 494.

— Load, manor of, 953, 954, 956. Love, Warden, 39, 308.

— Nicholas, 308, 334, 336. Lowth, Bishop, 390. Lucas, Thomas, 9. Lydiat, Thomas, 993.

— Richard, 386. Lymington salt, 989. Lyndeshall, manor of, 93. LyrA, de, 341.

Magdalen College, fund for relief of

scholars of, 369. Magdalen Hospital, 31. Major and minor, 1 12, 1 15. Male servants, 99.

Malet, Sir Alexander, 403. Manningford Bruce, 95. Manningfaam, Bishop, 349. Mansel, Bishop, 416. Mant, Bishop, 417.

Mareys, John, vicar of Andover, 189. Marching watch, 310. Marshal], John, 9761

— George, Warden of New College,

337, 348. Marsworth rent charge, 980. Martyn, Henry, 990.

— Peter, 35.

Mary, Queen, altars rebuilt under, 51 ;

her marriage, 977. Masters' boarding houses, 135. Masters, present number of, 433. Mather, Increase, his letter, 371. Maydenheath, Dr., 155. Mayhew, President, 998, 935. Maze on Hills, 499. Membury, Simon, 55, 138, 145, 151. Meonstoke, manor of, 9o; Diford, a

copyholder of, 158. Merstone, manor of, 910. Merydith, Dean, 989. Mews, Bishop, the manner of his

death, 373. Milbome Port, manor o^ 959. Miller, Dean, 398. MUton, John, the schoolmaster, 31. Minteme, manor of, 953, 954, 956. Moberiy, Dr., 139, 135.

— Library, site of, 133, 136 ; founded by Archbishop Howley, 497.

Mont St Bernard, hospital on, 93, 95.

— St Katherine, monastery on, 5, 94. Moody, a junior, 405 ; his treatment,

406. More, Warden, 999^

— Dr. John, 397. Morland, Sir Samuel, 394. Morley, Bishop, gives oaks, 368. Mortuaries, what, 195; case of, at

Andover, 196^ Morys, Warden, 96, 31, 67, 199, 137,

i39i 145, 155, 158, 161, 965. Moundsmere, manor of, 959, 954, 956 ;

buildings at, 959, 977, 355 ; scholars

sent there, 959. Munden, John, 979. Mutton, allowance of, 389.

Nails, iron, prices of, 997.

Needs, the prophet, 373.

Netley, tithe of, 95.

Neville, Alice, Countess of Salisbury, 168.

Newbury, paving tile from, 159; elec- tion held at, 356 ; hosteliy at, 79.

Newcastle, Duchess of, 354, New ColJFge, election to,

scholarships at, 438. Newdegate, Serjeant, 399. Nicholas, John, 363.

— Matthew, ib.

— Sir Edward, &.

— Warden, 33, 363 j builds Garden Tront or lodgings, 33 ; alterations in cbapel, 53,363; Gils up a fellowship without notice, 374 ; his allowances, ib.; appoints Harris steward, 370; appeals to Visitor, 316, 395.

Nomination system, 76.

Non licet gale, 199.

Norris, John, the English Platonisl,

35B. North Bradlej, 353, 054, 356, 398. Norton, Sir Daniel, 307. NoweU's Catechism, 338, Nutting monej, 383. Nygbtyngale, William, hU obit, 37.

Oades, Roger, 347, 355. Obits abolished, 964 ; list of, A. Ogle, Sir William, 333,340. Old Barge, tolls on, og. Oldys, Archdeacon, 106. Opening Day, 30, 137.

Organs, 34, 56 ; Ken's, 344 ; organists.

58- Oselbuiy. Nicholas, 131.

Oscnbrygge, for table cloths, 994. Ostiarius, the, his duties, 411. Oteibomesmedc, 7, 11, la, Otterbome, Wykcham's esUte

184 ; meadows at, aba. Outer Court, 34 ; screen in, 35; cc

pleted

147.

Parliaoientar Parsonage hi Patriarch of 1 Pauldron, wl Pavyngtiel fr Payne, Cano Peachman, 1 Pedigree, tl Richard F Wykbams Peirce, Dr. J Pensioner, a, Perot, Willia

Outer Gate, 30, 3a.

Outrider, his duties, 338.

Owdall, Nicholas, aa8.

Owen, John, 99a.

Oxford University Commission,

Oysters from Hamble, 159; tribute to monks of St. Swithun, ii. ; warden's allowance o^ 331.

Oyster cloths, 394.

Packer, John, 35a Padworth, manor of, 147. Pancb, a, what, 347. Pandoxatorium, what, aa^.

Paradise, where, 35.

Parker, Archbishop, his dispensation,

a8i ; sends Boxall to prison, 379. Parliament, charter of, in 1649, 36;

viaiution of, 336, 34a,

Pew, bis pap

Saa. Pewter, prici Phelps, Ric

Warden L. Philip of Spa Philips, the [ Pbiipot, Arcl Pickavcr, Mr Pickwick. W Piddletrentbi

of, to Y01

383. Piepowder, ( Pinke, Wan

tion^,3o6; Pitsffius, Joh Pitt. Christo] Pittleworlh's

obit, 965. Plague, the,

355. Plantagenel, Plate, given

by Edwai

Charles I.

415- Plays acted i Pocock, Job] Pole, Cardii

Wincheste — John, schi Police esubl Polliwog, an Poly, John, 1

Pontissara, 1 beth's Co Chapel, 35

548

Annals of Winchester College.

Posers, the, 71.

Potenger, John, schoolmaster, 318,

337 ; his son, 345. Powdering tub, what, 999. Praepositors, 88 ; duties of, 410. Prayer meetings forbidden, 8a. Prayers enjoined, 86. Prefects, 87 ; of library, 427 ; of tub, f&. Prest money, 286, 99a, 294. Prioresgaret, 8, 13. Prior*s Barton, path to, 9, 13. Priscian, grammar of, 71. Privileges, charter of, 95. Privy Council, nominations by, 74. Progress, 88 ; the first, 146 ; expenses

on, in i55i-5» a68; in 1559, 361. Provisions, prices of, 989, 311, 350,

396, 414. Prowtinge, a surname in Winchester,

49- Psalms, Stemho]d*s version of, 967.

Public Schools' Commission, 499, 439. Pudding, a recipe for, 381. Pudding House, claimed by Corpora- tion of Winchester, 943. Pulpit, the first, 49. Pumell, Warden, 397.

— Mr., puts up Uvedale coat of arms, 48.

Purveyance, burden of, 95.

Quarr Abbey, stone from, 98.

Quickset hedge, cost of, 369.

Quia emptores, statute so called, 90.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, his trial, 299.

Raper, Henry, 409.

Rastell. John, 976.

Rats, Hanoverian, 395.

Reading, John, composer of Domum,

59. Rebellion of 1774, 404; of 1793, 417:

of 1818, 493 ; at Eton, 493, 494 ; at

Charterhouse, 493 ; at Harrow,

494 ; at Sandhurst. 494. Rede, Richard, 59 ; his obit, 965.

— Margery, 919.

— Warden, 998.

— Sir Richard, his gifts, 999. Redlands, 95.

Regulations of 1774, 410 : of Governing

Body, 430. * Remedies,' Warden's power to give,

317. Remonstrance to Wykeham, 151.

Resignation pensions, 923.

Restoration, deputation to Court on,

349. Richard II., license to found College,

3 ; to acquire lands of alien priories,

99 ; Charter of Privileges, 95 ; archer sent to aid of, 147.

Ridding, Dr., number of Commoners under, 139 ; removes bo3's to Com- moners' houses, 135 ; first Goddard scholar, 404 ; Bi:»hop of Southwell, ib.

Riot in Hall, 987.

Robinson, Hugh, schoolmaster, 313.

Roman, Mrs., 491.

Romanizing Wykehamists, 976.

Roman's Road, 491.

Romesye, Thomas, schoolmaster, 67.

Romsey, Abbess of, a guest in Hall, 188.

Roodloft, 48.

Ropley, manor of, how created, 19, 90 ; lease of, 90.

Rosamond*s bower. 185.

Rose, Sir George Henry, 415.

Russell, John, Bishop of Lincoln, 191,

'95. Ryves, Thomas, 994.

— George, 998.

SachevereU, Henzy, 106, 358. Sacrist, the, 79, 338. Sacristy, the, 60. Saham Toney, 95. St. Cross, village of, 9.

— manor of, 94; repairs at, 151.

— hospital of, 37, 50, 179.

St. Elizabeth's College, la, 194, 956^

988. St. John's Hospital, chapel of, 194. St. Leonard's, Hastings, 95. St. Mary's Abbey, 966, 988. St. Stephen's Cht^, 956.

— Mead, 958.

St. Swithun, priory of, i, 7, n.

St. Valery-sur-Mer, monastery o^ 23.

Salcot, Abbot, 943.

Salperton, manor of, 953, 954, 956;

clause in lease of, 146. Salts, wooden, 409. ' Sands,' 35» 4". Sanders, the Jesuit, 945. Say, Lord, 106, 337.

— Dean, 159 ; his vestments, 939, 233. Schomberg, Alexander Crowcher, 408. Scholars, original, i, 183; foundation,

70 ; election of, 71 ; removal of, 84 ;

annual payment by, 439 ; fees of, in

1711, 389. School teaching, subjects of, 433. ' School,' 364 ; subscriptions to building

fund, 366. Schoolmaster, the, 70, 79; duties of,

338. Schoolroom, the old, 45.

ScUter, WUiun, the i

Scott, Rev. Cbarles, devises Essex

EiUlM, 409. Scriptorium, the,' 170. Scrutiny, the, ^a•, when to be held, 89, Seal, the College, B^, aSe. Selling days, 87.

Se«vington, manor of, 053. 054, 056, SegiTme's well, ao6: mill, aty], Selborne, the Eirl of, 430, Sele, prioiy of, aoa. SelotI, Dr. John, 43, 393, 934. Seneschal of H^ 8a Seimoos in Chapel, 337, 386 ; st

Cathedral, 337. Servants in 1395, 14a; in 1411, 15B;

in 1431. 169; in 1&49-S0. 339- SerenhamptoQ Ocnys, manor of, 353,

354. Seventh Chamber, 45. — (choristers) Chamber, 37. Sewall, Samuel, from New England,

371- Shadwell, Chariet Lancelot, 430. Shaftesbury, Earl of, 414. Shaw Manor, 184 ; mill at, t&.; right

to trees on Heath, 049 ; given to

Henry VIII., 353. Shelley, Dame Elizabeth, afi6. Sherborne, Bishop, 913. Sherborne St. John, priory o^ aoa. Ship money, 394. Shatlleworth, Bishop, 490, 435. Sickhouse, founded by Harris, 336 ;

enjarged by Taylor, A. ; Nurse

Williams at, 407. Sickness, allowances in, 83. Sidmouth, Lord, promotes Hnnting-

ford, 394, 4r6. Silkstead, scholars at, 30a. SUver, price of; a86, 415. Simon, Bishop of Achonry, 141. Slattcnford (Slaug:Iiterford),rectoiyo^

aSo. Slaughterhouse, 34. SmaU-pox, mmiality from, 371. Smith, Sir Thomas, his Act of Parlia-

Society, alleged disaffection of the,

386. Somerset Herald, his opinion on

Wykebam's pedigree, 98. Somervile, the poet, loB, 139, 37a. South Herston, 95. — Hill, the, 490. Sparkford, vOloge of, 9.

Spence, Joseph, 386 Spurn, battle of, aaB. Stable, expenses ol

a6i>, 399, 996. Sufforde, Lady Doi

116. Stanley, Edward, >

3r6, 317, 318 ; hi:

Stapleton, Thomas, i Statutes, the, 65 ; co|:

of,90;orOxfordU:

sion, 498; of Gove Steeple Morden, chv Stempe, Warden, a8 Steward's room, 33. Stewart Memorial, 6 Stipends, 84, a66. Stoke Park, a6i ; shi

soldier? billeted at Strangers, exclusion Stubbington, manor Stucklings, what, 3a: Sub-warden, the, 301 Sugar, Hugh, 907

founds aqueduct, 1 Sugar loaves sent lo

31B; to Mayor of ' Sugar, price o^ 313. Sumptuary regulatio Sun Fire OCGce, 395. Superannuates' book Supervision, the ann Supervisors, compla Swans with two nc<

College grounds, i Sydling, church an

vicarage 0^ H. — felon's goods at, ;

Tabernacle given b<

937. Tabula legum, 364. Takeley, 93. Tallow, chandler's a TalwDod, what, rfl. Taphrells, what, 53. Taylor, Dr. John, hi

will, (

Taylor, Hrs., reputi

363- Tea, introduction o^ Theatricals in Hall, : Tburiiem, Warden,

chantry, 183, 318 ;

965 ; chasuble, 1B4 Tichbome, Frauds, ; — Benjamin, &. Timber money, sa'

Eling convicted, 4

550

Annals of Winchester College,

Tingewick, church of, 35.

Tiron, monastery of, 5, 94.

Titley, manor of, 34.

Tower, Thurbern's, ai8 ; rebuilt, 220.

Tower, Two Wardens*, aao.

Traffles, Warden, 75.

Train bands, 319.

Treasury, the, 45,

Trees in Meads, 371.

Trelawney, Bishop, enjoins bedmakers,

78 ; appeal to, 376. Trenchard, Secretary, io6. Trenchers, first mention of, 185 ; used

by scholars, 315. Trengof, Walter, archpriest of Barton,

aoi ; his vestments, 232. Trollope, Mrs., 415.

— Anthony, ib.

— Thomas Adolphus, U?, Truant scholars, 292.

Trumper's Inn, 215 ; contents of, in

1544, 216. Trusty servant, the, 39. Tub, the, 427 ; prefect of, 410, 427. Tucker, Dean, 289. Turbervyl, George, 279. Turner, Francis, 64, 343, Twickenham, church of, 23 ; repairs

at, 151. Twisse, William, 294. Twycheners, the, 241.

Udall, Nicholas, 228.

Underbill, Bishop, 279.

Urban VI., Wykeham's petition to, i ; bulls, 3, 6.

Usher, the, 79 ; examination for place of, 163 ; to attend children at meals, 392 ; at Eton, 401.

Uvedale, Alice, her marriage settle- ment, 17, 94, 184.

— John de, sons of, iii.

— Thomas and John, 112, 15a

— Thomas and William, 112.

— John, his wife dines in Hall, 187.

— Richard, 189.

— Sir Thomas, 214. Uvedale coat of arms, 48.

Verjuice, 226.

Vernacle, a, what, 242.

Vestiary, contents of, in 1525, 229.

Vestibule, the, 60.

Vicarages, statutes of, 15.

Vice- warden, the, 78, 338.

Victualia quadragesimae, 261.

Visitations, 155, 242, 262, 301, 320,

378 ; list of, 378. Volunteers of 1804, 421. Vyse, la, 6a

Wakfield, John, 150; his sons in Commoners, no, in.

— William, 160. Wall, Martin, 108, 410. Waller, Sir William, 330, 332. Walles, manor of, 23. Walpan, land at, 252. Ward, Dean, 420.

Warden, his lodgings, 32 ; election and office oi, 77 ; oath of, ib, ; removal of, 83 ; cloth for, 85 ; allowances,

3ai» 531- Warrenners, the, 67, 94.

Warham, Archbishop, 214.

Warton, Dr. Joseph, 404; rebellion under, A. ; retires, 418.

Watchlights, what, 285 ; price o( 289.

Water supply, 206-7.

Waterwork, 277.

Watson, Thomas, 39.

Wayneflete, 199 ; his arms, 921 ; vest- ments, 231.

Webbe, John, builds kitchen chimney, 41 ; gives organ, 57.

Wee, la, 145, 180, 226.

Weeders, the. 313, 428.

Weeke, land at, 207.

Webtead, Thomas, his epitaph, 358.

Wesley, Dr. S. S., 59.

Westbury, Provost, 189.

West Meon, land at, 12.

Western schism, the, 5.

Weyhill Fair, 145, 226.

Wheat used in brewing, 311.

White, Sir John, 247.

White, Warden, 246 ; his epitaph, ib. ; sermon by, 247 ; arms, 248 ; attends Queen Mary's marriage, 277.

Whitehead, the Laureate, 394.

White's in Flexland, 210.

Whiting, Mr. William, 38.

Whyte, the Lollard, 189.

— John, his obit, 26^,

— Richard, 276.

— John, of Dorchester, 293.

— Josiah, ib,

Wickham, Rev. H. J., opens first

boarding house, 135. *Wickhams,' 132, 134. Will Hall, 211. William the Conqueror, confirms gift

of Tingewick, 24; Charter of

Andover Priory, 172. Williams, Rev. Daniel, 424.

— Dr. David, headmaster, 108 ; number of boys under, 132 ; his career, 424,

— Lettice, her legacy, 310.

— Nurse, 407.

— Philip, 420.

Willoughby de Broke, Baron, 108.

Winchester, city of, dispute with

citizens of, igi ; fee fknn rent, 049 ;

taken by Waller, 333; by Cromwell,

333' Winchester College, corporate name of,

4. ; Logan's view of, 30. Window, east, of chapel, 54. Wine-cellar, the, 53. Wingfield, Edward, 108, Wiseman, Capel, 119. Wodynton, 33. Wolsej^s visitation, 343. Wolvesey, Wykehan, at, 30; Hen

VI. stays at, 194; Castle ruloi

Wool!, Dr. John, 415. Wordsworth, Bishop Charles, 093. Worldham, East, 38,

— West, church ot "4- Worthy Mortimer, 207.

— Paoacefote, 907, 343. Wreck, right of, 36.

By the same Author, price lOs. 6do cloth.

(^int^tattr Sr^olata.

■♦♦■

LIST OF THE WARDENS, FELLOWS, AND SCHOLARS OF SAINT MARY COLLEGE OF WINCHESTER, NEAR WINCHESTER, COMMONLY CALLED WINCHESTER COLLEGE; WITH A PREFACE AND INDEX.

HENRY FROWDE Oxford University Press Warehouse, Amen Corner, E.C.

P. AND G. WELLS, College Street.

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