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SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY
1941
THIRD SERIES
VOLUME XXXV
MISCELLANY
(Seventh Volume)
MISCELLANY OF
W$t i£>cotttsif) i>tstori> g>octetp
{Seventh Volume)
THE DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND OF HAWTHORNDEN
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
EDINBURGH
Printed at the University Press by T. and A. Constable Ltd. for the Scottish History Society P-s'M '
1941 /M- '
FAMILY HISTORY LIBRARY k 1 1 <\£
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CONTENTS
PAGE
THE DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND OF HAWTHORNDEN, 1657-1659,
Edited by Henry W. Meikle Introduction ........ 3
A Booke of Memorandums . . . . .11
Notes ......... 41
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY, 1717-1807,
Edited by Helen Catherine Stewart
Introduction ........ 55
Notes from the Chronicle of the Canonico Ghiselli 69
Notes from the Papers of Cardinal Tommaso Ruffi 71
Book of Miniatures relating to the Royal Stewarts 73
EsTRATTO DELLA STORIA d'UrBINO . . . .77
ESTRATTI DAL DlARIO DELLE COSE DI UrBINO . . 79
Lettre du Due d 'Hannover a l'Empereur . . 88
Letters of James and Clementina .... 93
Letters from Prince Charles Edward to the Car- dinal of York . . . . . . .118
Letter from the Cardinal of York to Cardinal Giovanni Albani . . . . . .122
Description of a Meeting between the Cardinal of
York and Augustus, Duke of Sussex . . . 124
Appendices . . . . . . . .126
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE,
Edited by Marion F. Hamilton Introduction . . . . . . . .133
Dr. Archibald Cameron's Memorial . . .146
Account by Laughlan Macpherson of Cluny . .152
State of the Effects presently in Scotland,
27 August 1754 ....... 161
Copy of Confession by Glengarry . . . .164
INDEX 169
Yll
THE DIARY OF
SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
OF HAWTHORNDEN
1657-1659
Edited by HENRY W. MEIKLE, M.A., D.Litt.
LIBRARIAN OP THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF SCOTLAND H.M. HISTORIOGRAPHER IN SCOTLAND
SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND From the original at Hawthornden
INTRODUCTION
Apart from his Diary, now published for the first time, few personal details of Sir William Drummond of Haw- thornden have come down to us. Born in April 1636, he has hitherto been reckoned the elder of two surviving sons of the poet. The Diary, however, reveals the existence of another, Ludovick (' Lodie '), presumably illegitimate. The references to him all relate to unexplained payments of small sums of money until his death is recorded on 22nd September 1657, and his burial at ten o'clock the next night by torchlight ' accompanied by the neibours a bout.' In all probability William was the Gulielmus Drummond who signed the matriculation roll of the Uni- versity of Edinburgh in 1652. x It was the University which his father had attended from 1601 till 1605 and had enriched by his noble gift of books in 1627. But William, unlike his father, does not appear in the list of graduates. In the same year, 1652, he was served heir to his father.2 When he was in his twenty-first year, in 1657, he began the Diary, and for the short period it covers we can become better acquainted with him than with any of his kin. Thereafter we are almost solely dependent on the fitful appearance of his name in official records.
In 1661 he was put on a commission to try witches at Pentland, his colleagues including ' Mr. Thomas Henderson
1 Transcript in the University Library. Owing to war precautions, the original roll, with signature, was not available for examination. I am indebted to Dr. L. W. Sharp, University Librarian, for this reference.
* Inquisitiones Generates, no. 3726.
3
4 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
of Auchindine, Advocat, Jon Denholme of Murrayes, Wm. Rosse in Melvin, Mark Casse of Cockpen and James Raith of Edmestoun.' 1 Another entry in the Privy Council Register, dated 30th November 1665, refers to property in Linlithgow which the Diary also shows him to have possessed.2 During the administration of Lauderdale, he became a Justice of the Peace — by purchase, if we are to credit Father Hay.3 On 1st April 1678 his name appears in a return made by the Sheriff-Depute at Peebles of those absent from a meeting of proprietors of lands within the shire but not residing ' within the samyne themselves.' The purpose of the meeting was the subscription of a ' band with their own hands for absteining from con- venticles,' Drummond being summoned for his property of ' Whitfield '.4 His absence probably had no political or ecclesiastical significance, for some time within the next five years he was knighted. It was as ' Sir William Drum- mond ' that he was admitted a burgess of Edinburgh on 28th November 1683, and the honour may have been the occasion of the ceremony.5 In May 1685 the first Parlia- ment of King James vn., the Parliament of exemplary loyalty, appointed Sir William a Commissioner of Supply for Edinburgh 6 ; and until the very beginning of the Revolution he seems to have been on good terms with the Chancellor, the Earl of Perth, the head of the Drummond
1 Reg. Privy Council of Scot., 3rd ser., i. 74. 8 Op. cit., ii. 155. s See infra, p. 6.
* The Scottish Antiquary, xi. (1897), 127, 129.
6 He was not a knight when he registered his arms some time between 1672 and 1678 ; so Sir Francis Grant, Lyon King-of-Arms, kindly informs me. So, too, in the earliest known MS. (Nat. Lib. Scot., Ad. MS. 34.3.24) of Wm. Drummond's (First Viscount of Strathallan) Genealogy of the House of Drummond, which was ' collected in 1681/ he appears as Mr. William Drummond ; see D. Laing's ed. (Edin. 1831), p. 257. The reason for Drum- mond's admission as a burgess may be ascertained from the entry in the Burgh Records when they are again available after the war.
• Acts of the Pari, of Scot. (Record Series), viii. 464a.
INTRODUCTION 5
family. For on 8th March 1689 the Earl wrote from Stirling Castle to Father Innes, Vice-Principal of the Scots College in Paris, commending Sir William's son as a ' loyall honest young man and loves me.' x Drummond did not, however, share his chief's fate of imprisonment in the course of the Revolution. On the contrary, we find him reappointed a Commissioner of Supply by the Convention of April 1689 2 ; and his name appears for the last time in the same capacity in the records of the first parliament of the new regime, June 1690.3
As the Diary shows, Drummond had a becoming interest in his father's works and papers, although he had neither the capacity nor the energy to make more of them public ; but in his old age he had the satisfaction of placing his father's manuscripts at the disposal of Bishop Sage and Thomas Ruddiman, who published the first collected edition of the poet's works in 1711. Sir William survived until 1713, dying at the age of seventy-seven.
Two estimates of his character are extant. One was contributed in 1798 to Douglas's Baronage of Scotland by Bishop Abernethy Drummond. According to this ' family legend,' as Professor Masson called it, Drummond ' inherited his father's principles and virtues and even a portion of his genius, though he published nothing to the world.' i The other is by a contemporary, Father Richard Augustus Hay, in his ' Memoires . . . relating to . . . families of Scot- land,' dated 1700, thirteen years before Sir William's death.5
1 Drummond, Genealogy, ed. D. Laing, p. 271. 2 A.P.S., ix. 69a.
3 Ibid., ix. 137a. Some of his business transactions are referred to in various volumes of the Index to the Register of Deeds (Record Series), 1 661 et seq.
4 David Masson, Drummond of Hawthornden, Lond. 1873, pp. 459, 461 n. Bishop Abernethy married the great-granddaughter of the poet and took the additional surname of Drummond. See Diet. Nat. Biog.
5 Cited in Drummond, Genealogy, ed. Laing, pp. 269-270. I am indebted to Mr. Robert Aitken, Edinburgh, for this reference. For Father Hay, see Diet. Nat. Biog.
6 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
' Sr William [is] eldest sone to Mr. William, poet, as he pretends only representative of the House of Carnock.' A malicious description of his personal appearance follows. ' Sir William,' he continues, ' purchased the title of a Justice of peace by my Lord Lauderdale's favour, a place full of labour, charge, trouble, without any profitt to himself, only able to gratifie his own ambition ; for he was fitter to set in privat parlors over the glass, whilst healths goe round, and to examine the condition of a pot of ale, which he hath good opportunity to discover, than the circumstances of any debate that comes before him. He married Sophia Auchamouty. daughter to Sir Alexander Auchamouty of Gosford, Master of the Rolls to King James the Sixt and King Charles the First. Upon whom he begot only one daughter, Sophia Drummond, matched with John Murray of Kringelty in Tweddale, eldest sone of the second marriage to Sir Alex- ander Murray of Blackbarony, a man of bade shape, crookbacked, unfit for marriage and not without some distemper of spirit. She was divorced from him by law, and afterwards joyned in marriage with Robert Preston, sone to the Laird of Gorton, by his first lady. Sir William had for second wife Barbara Scott, daughter to Sir William Scott of Clerkington, a senator of the colledge of justice. He begot upon her William, Robert, Barbara Lady Abbay- hill, Elisabeth, Anna, Margaret, Marie, and Jacobina.'
Another contemporary, Dr. Alexander Pennecuik of New- hall, in facetious verse, again brings Drummond before us as a boon companion. In an ' Inscription to be put at the foot of Jonas Hamilton of Coldcoat's picture ' he writes :
' Save Coldcoat, none Dalhousie knew Who Jonas could at drink subdue, Brave Nicolson, who's in his grave Did from him many a parley crave ;
INTRODUCTION 7
Drummond, who's still alive, can tell How from them all he bore the bell.'
And from a ' Eulogy on the supposed death of . . . Coldcoat ' we may infer that Drummond in his later years enjoyed ' ranting ' as much as when he was a young man :
' No less for Bacchus shall kind Coldcoat's name Be mustered in the registers of fame ; For all that bragged him still the battle lost, Ask Hawthorn,1 and strong Dalhousie's ghost.' 2
It is evident that Sir William Drummond was a person of no particular distinction of character or ability. Such honours as came his way were due to his social position as a laird of good estate and as the representative of a family of proved devotion to the Crown. Yet it is his comparative insignificance as a public figure which enhances the value of his Diary. ' Roughly speaking,' writes Lord Ponsonby, ' the majority of diaries of eminent people or participants in occurrences of historical moment are less good than the diaries of those who live out of the beaten track in com- parative obscurity. . . . And even without being intro- spective or self-analytical, the writer of a record of quiet days among unknown people can give an atmosphere to his story which the bewildered recorder of great proceedings may be unable to impart to his.' 3
In Drummond 's Diary we have the record of the every- day life of a young Midlothian laird in the middle of the
1 Hawthornden, i.e. Drummond.
2 J. W. Buchan and H. Paton, History of Peeblesshire, iii. (1927), 45-47 ; Pennecuik's Works, new ed., Leith, 1815, pp. 360, 362. The poems were first published in 1715. For Pennecuik (1652-1722), see Diet. Nat. Biog. Newhall was near Drummond' s property of Whitfield in Peeblesshire.
3 A. Ponsonby, English Diaries, Lond. 1923, p. 34. In his Scottish and Irish Diaries, Lond. 1927, he gives a chronological list of some of the Scottish diaries of the period.
8 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
seventeenth century. In brief unstudied scribblings he notes his objective experiences : physical condition, ' solitariness,' philanderings, courtship, and marriage, visits to and from friends and acquaintances, routs and drinking bouts, visits to Edinburgh and farther afield, including visits to friends in prison, attendance at marriages and funerals, amusements and games, reading and versifying, church-going and non-church-going, choosing a minister for the parish, perambulating his marches, developing his coal-mines and dealing with his colliers and tenants. The latter part of his Diary, when he has settled down as a married man, is less varied ; we see him more cumbered with business — ' botles of straw,' and deals, and kists — than he was in his bachelor days. There is throughout just sufficient reflection to give those touches of egotism which make a diary alive, and the two references to public events, at one of which he was an interested spectator, provide the national background. Perhaps the most striking characteristic of this mid-seventeenth century Diary (though natural in his father's son) is the absence of what theologians call ' experimental religion.' Unlike his contemporary Scottish diarists, Brodie and Wariston, for example, both much older than Drummond, he never stops to take his spiritual temperature. If the Diary has a value as a social, economic, and human document, it also serves as a reminder that even in the Scotland of those days there must have been many, both among Royalists and Covenanters, who were devoid of spiritual fervour.
The Diary is a small leather-bound book measuring 4yVx2| inches. It may have been one of a series, but if so, none of the others has been traced.1 In 1937 it was acquired by the National Library of Scotland (MS. 1787).
1 Sir James Williams-Drummond, Bart., the present laird of Hawthorn- den, kindly informs me that none is preserved among the family papers.
INTRODUCTION 9
It will be noted that, in accordance with Scottish custom, Drummond usually refers to his friends and acquaintances by their territorial title. ' Cockpen,' for example, is ' The Laird of Cockpen.' Their personal names have been traced, so far as records are extant for those troublous times, characterised by confiscations and forced sales. The position of their lands is more easily ascertained. Many will be found to lie along, or to be within easy reach of, the valley of the Midlothian Esk, on the north branch of which Hawthornden Castle still stands. As the Diary indicates, it was a district rich in coal then being rapidly exploited.1
The Notes and Glossary have been placed in alpha- betical order at the end of the text so as to avoid repeated explanation of recurring names and words. I am indebted to Mr. Henry M. Paton, Curator of Historical Records, H.M. Register House, Edinburgh, and Mr. C. T. Mclnnes of the same Department for the final collation of the manuscript and other help generously given ; as well as to Sir William Craigie, Mr. J. A. Inglis, K.C., King's and Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer, and Mr. C. F. M. Maclachlan, W.S.
The portrait of the diarist is reproduced by kind per- mission of the owner, Sir James Williams-Drummond, Bart., of Hawthornden.
H. W. MEIKLE.
1 See ' coal ' in the notes infra.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS :
FOR THE YEARE 1657 : 58 PARTLY 59
HAWTHORNDENNE
[1657]
JANUAR. 31 DAYES X
1 . Thursday : lay in my bed all day makinge 2f 2 lines ; at night R., J.5 L., my selfe, and man 25 p ale ; from Lodie 2s.
2. Fryday : solitarie ; from Lodie 5s.
3. Setterday : I made a speach for Woodhowslie ; from Lodie 8s shoemaker.
4. [Sunday] : I stayed at horn from church and red th[e] Cyprian Groue ; fattall.
5. Munday : solitarie ; hansell, a crowen ; at night 24 p ale ; J. B., some others.
6. Tusday : visit Woodhowslie ; at night fatall.
7. Wedensday : solitarie but yet fattall ; giuen 23^ which compleat William Soflay's cownt.
8. Thursday : solitarie ; Suthhowse visit me, tolld me Kringiltie was dead, which afterward proue an untruth.
9. Fryday : solitarie.
10. Setterday : solitarie ; tennants in Wheitfeellds gaue me their meales ; c[om]pleat Jami Tomsone his cownt for Oglbye's glakes.
11. Sunday : went to church ; spent 13s.
12. Munday : went to Edr ; sawe 2f .
1 Punctuation is editorial. The use of capitals has been made to con- form to modern usage.
* Presumably some favourite lady is indicated by this symbol.
11
12 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
13. Tusday : with the larde of Woulmet in tollbothe ; sawe ^.
14. Wedensday : rantinge ; shooke hands with a man that was goinge to be hanged x ; with Woulmet at night ; sawe 2f .
15. Thursday : cam from the to wen ; desierd John Reoke and some others to goe and proue Alexander Knight my seruant ; spent 18^.
16. Fryday : went to Lasswade purposlie to see Margret Ross cowse she was [ ] ; 2f ; delyuered to John Boyd 84^ for a cowe ; spent 18s.
17. Setterday : solitarie ; for my horse shoeinge 19s ; from Lodie 6s.
18. [Sunday] : went to church ; spent 15s ; from Lodie 4s.
19. Munday : solitarie.
20. Tusday : visit Glancorss ; griue all night to the reddinge of the sumpholl ; from Lodie 48s.
21. Wedensday: solitarie.
22. Thursday : solitarie.
23. Fryday : visit Woodhowslie ; fattall.
24. Setterday : solitarie ; fatall ; sent a letter to Marie concerninge her mariage.
25. Saboth : solitarie ; from church.
26. Munday : solitarie ; fattall ; Brigglands visit me.
27. Tusday : solitarie ; fatall.
28. Wedensday : solitarie ; twise fatall.
29. Thursday ; went to Edinbrughe ; sawe 5f ; tryst with Mester Robert Preston concerninge my leuen ; spent 48s ; receiued from Lodi 3^.
30. Fryday : saw 5f ; a rant with Craigebuii and som others ; spoilld and craisd all my legges ut of a frolicke ; spent 3tt 6s ; receiued from Lodi 3tt 12s. ; a minut of leuell writen ; to be advic'd upon.
31. Setterday : saw not 2f ; came from the towen malgre my hart ; spent 3^.
1 On this day ' ane man hangit at the Castlehill of Edinburgh for murthering of his awin sister.' Nicoll's Diary (Bann. Club, 1836), p. 191.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 13
FEBRUAR. 28 DAYES
1. [Sunday] : went not to the church I was so wearie ; from Lodi 12s.
2. Munday : cleard all cownts with James Simsone and me ; owen him for a cownt three score seeuenteen pund to be allowed at ower nixt calculation.
3. Tusday : solitarie ; ordred my bookes.
4. Wedensday : solitarie, but yet fattall : lay in my bed all day.
5. Thursday : solitarie ; receiued from Lodie 36s.
6. Fryday : solitarie ; lent James Synclare Aristotle's Organ.
7. Setterday : solitarie ; at night angred by Wilsone.
8. [Sunday] : went to church ; din'd with Preston.
9. Munday : solitarie till ten of the night, at which tim, beinge readinge upon Godfrey of Bulloinge, I was suddenlie surprisd by an impetuous fire in the stable cawsed by the fall of a candle amongst strawe, soe that I thought the whole howse showld haue brunt.
10. Twsday : tooke order with the coillers for driuinge to wide ; spent a marke.
11. Wedensday : solitarie.
12. Thursday : solitarie.
13. Fryday : fattall twise.
14. Setterday : went up to Owlld Awhindinnie, who shew me a way to proue the defferent grownd betwixt my Lord Ramsay and me to be my owen.
15. Sabboth : solitarie ; at home.
16. Munday : Craigebuii and my Lord Ramsayes brother with Cokpen came and visit me ; 36s in ale.
17. Tusday : solitarie.
18. Wedensday : intended to go see 2f but Captan Shae interrupt me with a visit.
19. Thursday : visit my Lord Ramsay ; at night Craigebuii, John Ramsay, Cokpen, Cowlldcott, Sowth- howse, Captan Shae, keeped a rant in Hawthornden.
20. Fryday : those gentlemen and my selfe went to the Howse of Moore and dranke till twelfe a cloke in the night,
14 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
at which time we ranted thorrowe all the litle towens with a great bagge pipe, to the admiration of all the cowntrie people ; 28s.
21. Setterday : thirre gentlemen went from Hawthorn- den to there owen homes ; my charges that three dayes 3 pund sterlinge and som od munie — Sic transit gloria mundi.
22. Sabboth : lay in my bed all day beinge so wearie with bearinge those gentlemen companie ; all my legge was craized.
23. Munday : the Larde of Preston and my selfe went to Dallkeith and took order with my coiller for not workinge ; spent 3tt ; at night went to Cokpen.
24. Tusday : Cokpen and my selfe rode to Dallkith con- cerninge my coillers ; spent 3^.
25. Wedensday : rod purposlie with Cokpen towards Winton ; Z$. and abowt those feellds.
26. Thursday : Kokpen and John Ramsay with myselfe rod abowt the feellds ; all night fattall.
27. Fryday : my Lord Ramsay invited me to Dal- wossie to my denner beinge at the huntinge ; at night cam from Cokpen to my owen chamber againe where I was entertained with the thowghts of solitarines on my mistres.
28. Setterday : solitarie ; red Ovid's Ars Amandi ; there after twise fattall.
March. 31. 1657
1. Sabboth : went to church ; 18s ; from Lodie 3^.
2. Munday : went to Cokpen abowt a coiller of my Lord Lothian's ; 6s 8 pen.
3. Tusday : came from Cokpen to Hawthornden ; twise fattall.
4. Wedensday : went to Edinbrughe ; had knoledge from a frinde of some untollarable speeches which made me absteen from a visit that I was much inclinde to ; from Lodie 3^ ; presented some sower cakes to Craigebui which was taken by the garde as a paket of letters, beinge sighted put the captan of the gard uerie farre owt.
5. Fursday : saw Woulmet in the tollbooth ; fattall.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 15
6. Fryday : Craigbui and Captan Sha was set at libertie ; fattall ; came from the towen ; 6^ 15s.
7. Setterday : sollitarie but yet fattall ; from Lodie 3s.
8. Sabboth : went to church, but before I hard sermon writ a letter to John Horn in verse ; from Lodie 58s.
9. Munday : I gaue a visit to the Ladie Woulmet ; 13s 4d ; came to my bed at Esterhall.
10. Tusday : went to a mariage ; 3^ ; Robin 12s ; from Lodie 36s.
11. Wedensday : fattall twise ; to William Soflay 12s.
12. Thursday : fattall thrise ; solitarie.
13. Fryday : made fowre score of lines before I raise, beinge the answare of a letter.
14. Setterday : my coillers offerd me 20^ till Christnmis for my coll in the week, they bearringe all othere charges ; Alexander Sym visit me ; 36s.
15. Sabboth : went to church ; from Lodie 10s ; was blam'd by the minister that I was the cownceller of the Larde of Hermiston to stand owt against him concerninge a set ; 8s.
16. Munday : Charterhall cam to Hawthornden.
17. Tusday : Charterhall went ouer to Cokpen about my leuell and allmost agreed ; my Lord Ramsay and his brother visit me.
18. Wedensday : Charterhall went to the towen ; John Horn visit me with a number of lines.
19. Thursday : I went to the huntinge with my Lord Ramsay and deind with him ; had som speaches abowt the leuell which I showlld hau obteend from him ; at night was at Cokpen.
20. Fryday : went to the huntinge where accidentallie Cokpen and I encownterd with Collinton, new com from London in his jurnay towards horn, and tolld us all the newes ; at Dallkeith we dranke wine with him.
21. Setterday : went about the feellds with Cokpen where I tooke a grate pleasure in feiringe whines abowt Southall ; at night cam to Dallwossie where my lord's brother Joh[n], yownge Cokpen, John Horn, and I dranke a hudge ale ; stay'd there all night ; 3ft.
16 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
22. Sabboth : lay in my bed ; with John Ramsay in Dallwossie till it was 4 howers, and then came to Hawthorn- den where I was entertain'd with the thoghts of my mistres.
23. Munday : John Home the poet cam to me ; my Lord Ramsay's brother was with me all night.
24. Tusday : in the morninge Cragebui, [and] Cokpen cam to take there liue of me, Craigbui goinge som fortie miles wast ; Robert Dowglas came with a number of gentlewoman to see the coues, his mother beinge a duch woman.
25. Wedensday : solitarie ; with poet Hum in my studie ; fattall twise.
26. Thursday : solitarie ; in my studie with poet Hum ; fatall.
27. Fryday : turn'd ouer a number of bookes [and] papers with poet Hume ; he made som lines upon owr beinge togather.
28. Setterday : he went from Hauthornden to his owen horn ; fatall fowre times.
29. Sunday : at horn.
30. Munday : solitarie ; roded on of my coillers ; fattall twise ; from Lodie 4s.
31. Tusday : solitarie ; fattall.
APRILL. 30 DAYES
1. Wedensday : went to Edinbrugh, came horn at night.
2. Fryday [sic] x : drew a minut of my coll.
3. [Setterday] : solitarie.
4. Saboth : went to Cokpen church where I was enter- tain'd with my Lord Ramsay and his ladie verie cowrtiowsly .
5. Munday : Cokpen, Preston, [and] Mest[er] Thomas Lermon came to Hawthorndenn ; went from that to Dall- keith ; stayed all night ; 3tt 13s.
6. Tusday : my coossin Collwhalie and Tersapie came to visit me, haueinge a tryst at Lasswade to end the setinge of my coll by subscriuinge the takes ; we went all dowen
1 This should be Thursday. The resulting error continues until the 5th May.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 17
there ; soe at our departure we threw owr hats in the riuer of Eske and drank helthes standinge in the riuer ouer the tops of owr boots to the admiration of the spectators ; lay in Lasswade all night but my frinds went to Edinbrugh ; Cowlldcot lay with me ; 3^ ; from Lodie 3 rixe dollors.
7. Wedensday : went to a mariage acompined with gentlewomen ; 8 sterlinge ; cam horn at night ; Cowldcot in Hawthornden all night.
8. Thursday : solitarie ; twise fatall ; Hermiston visit me.
9. Fryday : went to Edinb. upon foot ; stay'd all night.
10. Setterday : came from the towen but was not able to goe any further then or Kings at Libberton, where I stayed all night with my Lord Toffs his sone ; 6^ ; vext with a turbulent Englishman by his to much clack.
11. Sabboth : cam from Libberton to Hawthornden, my Lord Toffs his son beinge with me and Walter Logan ; extream wearie.
12. Munday : fatall twise ; a letter from Cokpen in verce ; solitare.
13. Tusday : William Murray my coossin visit me ; all frinds in Irland is well.
14. Wedensday : solitarie ; mad lines sent to Cokpen.
15. Thursday : solitarie * ; fatall most griuously.
16. Fryday : my Lord Ramsay, [and] the Larde of Whitehill visit me.
17. Setterday : commarads of min owen came to see the coues and accidenttallie encowntred with me ; Thomas Heruie came first and gaue me a lesson in arithmeticke ; solitarie.
18. Sabboth : went to church ; 13s.
19. Munday : went to Ed[inbur]g[h] ; a tryst with my Lord Ramsay, the Lard of Charterhall, and Whithill con- cerninge my leuell ; closd owr tryst by subscriuinge the takes, Cherterhall beinge my reall frinde ; 2Ef ; spent 3^.
20. Tusday : brought som papers to Charterhall which turnd to nothinge ; 2f ; 26s.
1 In MS. 'solitarie ' precedes 'Thursday.'
B
18 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
21. Wedensday : in Edinbrugh byinge a horse but got non ; all night in tollboth with Woulmet with John Boyd ; receiued som coillers from Woulmet.
22. Thursday : 2f ; came from the to wen ; 6^ ; all night in Kinges howse ; brekfast with Bellie Dennam ; visit Mortonhall beinge extreamlie an hungred ; went with Sudus to a miller's howse ; receiued refreshment ; the Larde of Sudus distracted ; rent all his cloths to the admir- ation of the uulgars ; tooke pleasure in an olid man's danceinge.
23. Fryday : cam from that place to Joh Reok's my owrsman at two acloke in the morninge ; sent my man and horse a way for Doctor Henderson to see my owr'sman ; stay'd in Lonhide all that time ; 20s.
24. Setterday : cam to Hawthornden where I was enamord with the thowghts of my mistres : at night there apeared in Gortowen a great flame as it had been all a fire which turned to nothinge.
25. Saboth : Sudus and I went to Libberton church hauinge trysted with Mest[er] Thomas Lermon concerninge a particulare ; was disapointe of a set after noon ; 14s ; went to Woullmet all night.
26. Munday : horst the Ladie Woulmet to Edinbrugh to her husband in prisson for debt ; 2f ; lay in Archballd Cammel's ; got notice of a silke hat which was stowen from me.
27. Tusday : had notice of some unsuffarable speaches which ware not on[e] I did respect much ; vanquisht my ill humore soe that I had not power to schallenge them, but wau'd them ouer ; cam from the towen ; sumptuouslie entertaind with contemplation of my hunter, beinge at the accomplishment of all my thowghts ; 3**.
28. Wedensday : went to see Woodhowselie ; there after hade notice that there was on calld the son of a warlocke, but flowinge from the queen of clauers it did not trouble me.
29. Thursday : sollitarie, but yet twise fattall.
30. Fryday : went to the huntinge with the Genarall and my Lord Ramsay to Gledsmoore ; din'd with the Genarall ; 12s.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 19
May. 31 dayes
1. Setterday 1 : solitarie.
2. Sabboth : went to Glancorsse church; suped with the Larde of Preston ; 12s.
3. Munday : solitarie ; fattall.
Frayday showlld been the first day of this month, therefore I pass ouer Munday and makes Tusday the fyft day.
5. Tusday : went to Edin ; 2f ; an unworthie contest betwixt G. T. [and] my selfe proseedinge from a base mali- tiows jealows humore, which I will neuer forget.
6. Wedensday : Jams Ross visit me, and the Ladie Cowlldcot ; fattall thrise.
7. Thursday : solitarie, but yet fattall.
8. Fryday : began first to ride that book which is so much estim'd of, Arcadia, out of a curiositie, becawse eueryon was perswaded that it cowld not be but I had red it before twentie times ; fatall twise.
9. Setterday : solitarie ; fattall ; from Lodie 18s.
10. Sabboth : there was no preachinge in Lasswad, Mr James Farrlie beinge seeke ; red at horn Donn's Devotions.
11. Munday : went to Ed[in]brugh to a buriall ; 2f ; 3^.
12. Tusday ; solitarie.
13. Wedensday : at Jams Simson's barn's babtisme ; cam hom civillie ; 3^ from Lodi.
14. Thursday ; Mester Winsore, an English ferrier, cam and saw me in his jurney towards London.
15. Fryday : went to Ed[in]brugh ; stayed all night in Doctor Henderson's ; 2f .
16. Setterday : cam from Edinbrugh beinge accom- panied with the Larde of Gosfoord's brother ; came to Edmiston where I encowntred with my Lord Alexander's brother, the Larde of Luggton, Judge Mosslye's brother, and the chamberlen of Ballclugh, where we drank a hudge wine ; at owr comminge hom escaped a denger of drowninge by providence ; 3^.
1 This month began on a Friday.
20 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
17. Sabboth : Munsie, Ahmutie, and I stayed from chur[c]h, our cloths beinge all spoylld by water.
18. Munday : went to Dalkeith where I encowntred with the taxmen of Chirrahall concerninge my taxmen in Haw- thornden ; cam horn withowt concludinge any thinge ; 3^.
19. Tusday : went to Edinbrugh and registrate my coal tacke ; 6^.
20. [Wedensday] : came from Ed. to Edmiston accom- panied with the Larde of Whitehill ; 15s ; stayed will it was two howers in the morninge ; to Hawthornden ; the Lady Hermiston in Roslin.
21. Thursday : the taxmen of Chirrahall cam to Haw- thornden concerninge my taxmen but did nothinge ; William Synclare visit me.
22. Fryday : went to the huntinge on my foot, which wearied me extreamlie by a paine in my leggs.
23. Setterday : visit the Ladie Hermiston ; the taxmen of Chirrahall came to tryst with me on Munday at Edinbrugh.
24. Sabboth : at horn ; solitary ; Gorge Logan with me.
25. Munday : went to Ed[in]brugh a tryst with Sir John Gillmore and Mester John Scugall concerninge my taxmen but turned to nothinge.
26. Tusday : in Jhon Jonstons at a rant ; cam from the towen ; was browght in admiration of two horses which did many marualows trickes ; cam to Hawthor[n]den ; 6^.
27. Wedensday : went to a meriage ; stayed all night in Nutton.
28. Fu[r]sday : Sir William Muray and som others with my self went to Dallkeith ; hard sermon ; thereafter was extraordinar good companie in a osstage ; 4^.
29. Fryday : beinge with Sir William Murray all night we went to Hawthornden and from thence to Rossline, where a minute of a tack of my coale was drawen up betwixt Sir William Murray and me.
30. Beinge Setterday : we went to Edmiston and sub- scriued the tackes ; thereafter excellent companie with Sir Tho. Tomson, Craigmillare, Sir Will. Muray, and a number of others.
31. Sabboth : went to Glancorss church.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 21
Jun. 30 DAYES. 1657
Munday first : I went to Sir James Monipennie's burriall where I rancowntred with a number of my father's olid acquantances ; supped with my Lord Dallwossie.
2. Tusday : thrise fattall ; sollitarie ; Sir William Murray visit me in the after noon.
3. Wedensday : was at my footman's meriage in Haw- thornden ; 3^ ; twise fattall.
4. Thursday : went to visit the Ladie Hermiston's dawghters ; encowntred with my coossin, Alexander Murray, beinge newly com from Irland.
5. Fry day : solitarie.
6. Setterday : visit the Ladie Woudhowslie ; 8 shillinge sterlinge to a shoemaker for shoes.
7. Sabboth : my coossin and I stayed from the church.
8. Munday : went to see my Lord Carre and his brother Sir William at Newbattall.
9. Tusday : solitarie.
10. Wedensday ; solitarie.
11. Fursday : went to Edinbrugh to know why John Maxwell was imprisson'd ; from Lodie a rix dollore ; 3^ ; cam horn be Rosline where I fownd Alexander Murray.
12. Fry day : solitarie.
13. Setterday : was perswaded to goe to Lasswade churh by +.
14. Sabboth : Lodie 6^ wantinge 2s. ; went to Lasswade churh ; 12s.
15. Munday : the gentlewomen of Hermiston visit my sister ; from Lodie three rix dollores.
16. Tusday : the gentlewoman of Hermiston acom- panied with the Larde of Garleton was in Hawthornden in the morninge soon to see the coues, when I was goinge to horse to Edinbrughe with Alexander Murray ; we went to Dallmahoy all that night ; 3^
17. Wedensday : cam from Dallmahoy to Bayrnoe ; from thence to Edin. concerninge the redinge of som merches betwixt my Lord Ramsay and me ; visit John Maxwell in the Tollbooth with sundrie others ; abowt six
22 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
acloke at night as I was a cominge to my horse I ren- cowntred with som commarads that stayed me in the towen all night ; 6« 10s.
18. Fursday : cam from the towen wher I was enter- tained with the thought of my mistres beinge solitarie.
19. Fryday : Sir William Murray, Comissarie Stirlinge, Dallmahoy, and myselfe met my Lord Ramsay in the moore of Dallwossie concerninge the merches but cowlld not agree till it cam to a perambulation ; 6^.
20. Setterday ; my sister, Margret Ramsay, and my selfe visit Hermiston dowghters ; in the fornoon had some ancient men lookinge the merches ; 12s.
21. Sabboth : from church ; sollitarie ; 4s ; Lodie 4s.
22. Munday : had Awhindinnie be fowrescore of yeares and 8 looked my merches ; thereafter went to another in Straitinge.
23. Tusday : went in search of men for my merches ; 3^ ; from Lodie 54s.
24. Wedensday : subscriued a paper for Johns Maxwell's relife for two month in the tollboth of Edinb. ; from Lodi 6».
25. Thursday : solitarie.
26. Fryday : som countrie men lookinge the merches ; 6s; 3I.1
26. [sic] 2 Setterday : solitarie.
27. Sabboth : went to Lasswade church.
28. Munday : Sir William Murray delyuered me four score a punds, beinge the first months payment of my cole.
29. Tusday : Preston visit me.
30. Wedensday : went to Edinbrughe concerninge my martches to Judge Scugall, Preston, and som others ; stayed all night with the Lard of Hagges and some other gentle- men, where we had Tho. Jonston the valet with us all night ; 9^.
1 Crossed through.
* The resulting error from this repetition of 26 continues until Wednes- day, 15th July.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 23
JULLY. 31
1. Thursday 1 : in Ede. din'd with those gentlemen ; cam from the towcn at night to Hawthor[n]den with the 2 Murrayes.
2. Fryday : visit + 2»
3. Setterday : Sir William Murray in Hawthor[n]den.
4. Sabboth : at Lasswade church.
5. Munday : went to Ed. to giue information for my summonds of molestation ; from Lodie a rix dollore.
6. Tusday : in Rossline towr with a number of gentle- men ; at night Jams Ahmutie cam to Hawthornden ; 8s.
7. Wedensday : A. M., W. M., J.(?) A. all in Hawthorn- den ; owt with John Boyd.
8. Thursday : Ladie Jean Siton with the gentl[e]women of Hermiston accompanied with Garlton visit Hawthor[n]- den coues.
9. Fryday : with [deleted] X 3 ; solitarie.
10. Setterday : James Achmutie went from Hawthor[n]- den to Gossfoord ; twise fattall.
11. Sabboth : at church ; from Lodie 3^.
12. Munday : went to Edinburgh] ; cam horn at night.
13. Tusday : solitarie ; [rest deleted ; part reads : fattall fowre [?] times].
14. 4 went to Edinburgh] ; from Lodie 10 shillings sterlinge.
15. Wedensday 5 : the Protector was enowgarat with great solemnitie, Marques of Arguile, Lord Katenes, Lord Ballvarde, the whole cowncell and bellies hauinge there robes on was all upon chires sittinge upon the Crosse ; be all the rest it was remarked that my Lord Argile with a great deale of sinceritie lifted his hat and bade God saue the Protector, thereafter went dowen with Genarall Munck in a coach, only my Lord Ballvarde was in a coatch his selfe alone, and was sumptuously entertain'd by the Genarall.
1 The month began on a Wednesday.
2 The right arm of the Cross is shaped like an ' s.'
3 The arms of this Cross end in hooks.
4 The day omitted in MS.
5 The day of the month is now correct.
24 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
Abowt 10 acloke the Ladi Hermiston sendinge her dowghters to confirme her good will to that solemnitie, withere it was the opertunitie of fortune, ore Chirstian Synclare's retalliat- inge the Ladie for what she did to her I know not, but a bout 5 a cloke at night Marieon Sy[n]clare [her : deleted] second dowghter made a pretended visit to Mestres Gill- more, and went deliberatly away with my coosin Alex- ander Murray to the halfe mark mariage.
16. Thursday : the novse went thro we the to wen that I had put her to her horse ; it was remarked the Lady Hermiston lay dead halfe a houre and curst me with the first words she spoke.
17. Fryday : I stayed in town all day for younge Her- miston at the Cross, cawse he tolld on[e] that if he saw me that day at the Cross he woulld [words deleted], but it turned to a hymera.
18. Setterday : I was abused hansomly by the owlld Larde cominge owt of the towen with him ; he was havily griued at his son's carriage and his dowghter goinge away, but woulld neuer be perswaded but that I was accessarie to it.
19. Sabboth : satt in Hermiston's set where there was nothing but hauie sighes, the Ladies beinge all at Rossline extreamlie sike for griue of there dowghter ; it was remarked by the seruants that the owlld Lard was forbiden to speake to me betwixt sermons, which he obayed.
20. Munday : I writ an apolligie to the Ladie that I was not accessarie to the takinge away of her dowghter, but she did not only a frunt me by sendinge my letter bake withowt lookinge upon it, but desired Robert Hamillton e[x]press to com and discharge me the howse of Rossline or Hermiston, which was verie obseruantly obayed : it was remarked that Sir John took my letter from my man to delyuer and the Lady abused him for his pains ; allsoe it is notic'd that when Robert Hamillton had his commisson from Ladv, Sir John abstracted som of it and desired him not to show all what the Lady said to him ; for he had no great mind to be owt with me unless it ware for a time to satisfie the Ladie and his eldest son.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 25
21. Tusday : all people was so stronge with the spirit of faithfullnes that if they coulld beliue that there were [words deleted] or beinge after this as well as they cowlld per- swade themselues with a stronge beliue that I was copertner of all my coossin's desinges and intentions for the ravishinge of that gent[le]woman they cowlld not be but saued with- out prayers : I haue remarked that my coossin's goinge away hath turn'd all the people Athists.
22. Wedensday : I bowght a poynie from James Dinice for 26^ and a marke.
23. Thursday : went to Edinbrugh concerninge my marches.
24. Fryday : with Collwhaly and som others.
25. Setterday : som commarads and my selfe went to vew the sitidell of Leath ; thereafter went ouer the water for curiositie ; be [sic] we came as farre as the [?] at Leeth [sic] the winde cominge in flans and tyde against us, beinge a prowd sea, the bot was driuen upon a rocke, and we in danger of owr lifes cust sixe and twentie boords before [we] cowlld come to the nearest herbarie : when we came ashore we went immediatlie to the well, a spa ; there after to Bruntileinge.
26. Sabboth : went to the English church in Brunti- leinge and afternoon to the Scots ; wa[l]ked abowt all the forts and walls of Bruntileinge.
27. Munday : beinge the day we cam ouer the water to Edinbrugh with my Lord Morton and some others.
28. Tusday : vext with companie.
29. 1 Mester Jonh Dicke and past the day of with goinge abowt the fillds.
30. Wedensday : first I rencowntred with Alexander Murray after his mariage.
31. Fursday : a great contra versie with William Dow- glas about poesie.
1 Blank in MS. The 29th was Wednesday.
26 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
Agust. 31
1. Fryday * I went dowen to Leeth to witnes my respect to a coossin of mine who was abused by on Lithell in Lithe ; lay all night with my cloths on by reasson we was taken to the garde.
2. Setterday : be sixe a cloke in the morninge I went owt to see a match betwix Comiston and Mr John Dicke ; dranke much that night of filthie ale.
3. Sabboth : went to Libberton church ; after sermon, some comorads and I reviucd owr spirits be som wine that was to be solid at Sant Cathrines ; saw the Lady 2 ; went to Bred all night.
4. Munday : went to Craighowse ; came to Breds burne ; dranke a hudgh ale there ; in Brade all night.
5. Tusday : went to Ed. ; played at the tinnice with Blackbarronie, Haggs, and some others ; thereafter went owt to Woullmet all night.
6. Wedensday : in Edmisston with Sir William Murray ; wadgerd with the Ladie a golld watch ; lay with Sir William all night in Thomas Hadawayes.
7. Fursday : cam from that to Hawthornden where I was entertaind with my wonted solitarines ; from Lodie and Jami Beare 24^, wantinge a grot ; spent 3 pund sterlinge.
8. Fryday : solitarie.
9. Setterday : with Sir William Murray endinge cownts concerninge the second fower weekes coll cownt.
10. Sabboth : in Glancorse kirke ; payed for a horse ; Sir William Murray and Mr John Dicke in Hawthornden all night.
11. Munday : in Dallkithe with the Generall ; receiued my bond of a thowsand pund sterlinge from Mester Clarke concerninge the Lard of Woullmet 's peaceable behauore ; spent 30 shillinge sterlinge, Sir William Murray, my Lord Magumri, Mr Jonh Dicke beinge with me.
1 The month began on Thursday. * Initial deleted.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 27
12. Tusdav : Mester John Dicke and I went to Edin- brugh ; from Lodie 12^ in Sir William's cownt.
13. Wedensday : my prosses was ca'd before the Shirray.
14. Thursday : in Ed. [rest deleted].
15. Fryday : Sir William Murray and som others dranke me full ; visit Hissell side.
16. Setterday : came from the towen to Hawthornden ; sp. 12».
17. Sabboth : in Ballernoe with Comissarie Stirline.
18. Munday : I went ouer the water with Wallter to see a worke of Captan Ogilbie's.
19. Tusday : in Tillialan with Captan Ogilbie.
20. Wedensday : cam ouer the water to Dollmayhoy and from thence to Hawthornden.
21. Thursday : Craigebuii, Cokpen, Captan Shae cam to Hawthornden.
[September] [1-3 wanting.]
4. Thursday x : din'd with Tanochie ; the rest of the day with Mr Joh Dick.
5. Fryday : Bred, Tanochie, and som others with my Lord Murray's brothers din'd at James Dinse's in the Cannigate ; we had a sad scowr in beare glasses ; therafter I cam to Hawthornden wher I was thowght longe for be my bookes ; 6^ sp.
6. Setterday : sollitarie.
7. Sabboth : went to Glancorss church to meet Comiston ; 8s.
8. Munday : with Sir William Murray at Hawthornden.
9. Tusday : sollitarie.
10. Wedensday : sollitarie ; Alexander Sym borrowed my mans horse to Heddingtown.
11. Thursday : sollitarie ; Alexander Bilches visit me in the morninge ; I was invited to Robert Dowglasses marriage ; with a horride [?] scowre that I went to Gorton instide of Hawthornden ; 4^.
1 The 4th was Friday.
28 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
12. Fryday : sollitarie.
13. Setterday : went to the huntinge with Preston and Alexander Belches ; extreamlie wearrie at night.
14). Sabboth : sollitarie at horn.
15. Munday : went to Edin. ; brought John Maxwell from the Tollboth ; from Lodie 3« 10s.
16. Tusday : cam to Hawthornden where I found my brother Lodie uerie sike.
16. Wedensday : Lodie beinge better, as I thowght, I went to Gosfoord's dowghter's marriage.
18. Fursday : at that marriage.
19. Fryday : I receiued notice that Lodie woulld not Hue.
20. Setterday : I came from Gosfoord to Hawthornden in a uerie short space, gallopin, where I perceiued nothinge but death for my brother Lodie ; all night I sat up.
21. Sabboth : I stayed from church exspecting my brother's departure ; sat up all night.
22. Beinge Munday : abowt 3 a cloke in the morninge my brothere, Lodivick Drummond, departed this lif.
23. Tusday : about 10 a cloke in the night tim my brother Lodie was buried with a number of torches and accompanied with the neibours a bout ; the charges of his buriall 5^ sterling.
24. Wedensday : sollitarie.
25. Thursday : sollitarie.
26. Fryday : my man cam from Gosfoord's mariage.
27. Setterday 1 : sollitarie.
29. [He] Sabboth x : Robert Dowglass sent his man to desire me to accompanie him to the church of New Batle after his mariage ; A ; horst Sophia Ahmutie to church.
30. Munday : horst Sophia to Edin.
October. 31
1. Tusday : cam from Ed. to Hawthornden.
2. Wedensday : cam to Edinbrugh to visit X 2 ; all night in Ed.
1 27th was Sunday and 29th Tuesday.
1 This sign is almost the same as that represented by X.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 29
3. Wedensday [sic] : concluded by the assistance of [rest deleted. Apparently reads : allmightie providence].
4. Thursday : A ; cam from Ed. to Hawthornden where I was entertaind with the thowghts of my mistres.
5. Fryday : sollitarie.
6. Setterday : solitarie.
7. Sabboth : at Pennicooke church ; suped with the Lard of Owchindinie.
8. [Munday : deleted] went to visit Foollfoord ; the foregoinge dayes of this monthe wronge.
9. Fryday1: sollitarie; wrote a letter to S[ophia] Auch- [mutie].
10. Setterday : saw [Marie] [originally represented by a#c and Marie, written above, deleted] in Edinbrugh ; came hom with moon light.
11. Sabboth : sollitarie ; at hom.
12. Munday : went to Ed. wher unexspectedly I ran- cowntred with 2f .
13. Tusday : saw 2f .
14. Wedensday : din'd with 2f.
15. Thursday : cam from the to wen ; fattall in my chamber at hom.
16. Fryday : sollitarie ; Preston visit me.
17. Setterday : sollitarie.
18. Sabboth.
The rest of this month with November and December was I taken up so bussilie in courtinge of my mistres, she whom providence [' providence ' (?) has been deleted] gaue to be my wife, that I cowlld not haue time to write anie.
So much for the yeare 1657.
1658. [July]
Beginninge the 7 day of Jully vpon a Wedensday : solli- tarie ; the smith Crafoord got 12 [sic] for nailes.
8. Thursday : sollitarie.
9. Fryday : sollitarie.
1 The day is correct.
30 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
10. Setterday : went up to Twathell ; Coulldcott and I went to Bruhton all night.
11. Sunday : I was comissionat to heare Mester Robert Brune and harde him at Bruhton ; my judgment is of him that he is a good plaine teacher and might be usfull for the uulgars sort of our parish ; to avoid confussion I coulld giue my consent thereto.
12. Munday : in Linton with Lady Cathernes Stewart's husband, Coulldcott beinge extreamly drunke ; I lay all night be the way at the wall tower.
13. Tusday : extrame waik and sike but sollitarie.
14. Wedensdav : in Edin. ; rancountred with Mester Jhon Moore the poet.
15. Thursday : I gaue in my report to the Pressbitrie of Mester Robert Browne.
16. Fryday : I sent up my man with a warrand to the tennants of Whitfeelld to discharge Jams Symson from eatinge eithere stible of the meadow or craft land.
17. Setterday : sollitarie ; the irne millman got a rixe dollore in parte payment for two quarrell wages beinge 7 pund weight and a quarrel mell beinge 18 pund wight ; the smith's wife got 3^ to an count.
18. Sabboth : sollitarie ; at horn.
19. Munday : dined with Preston ; a grate many gentlemen visite me.
20. Tusday : sollitarie ; the smith put on a locke in the brew house dore.
21. Wedensday : [no entry].
[The remaining entries for 1658 are not arranged chrono- logically.]
The 5 of March 1658 there was gotten from Chads Murray 40 dales. I beliue they warre rawghteres.1
October 23, being Setterday, my eldest dowghter on Sophia Awchmuttie was born betwixt on & two in the morninge.
1 The next entry reads: 'in 5 of Junn [orig. "in Junn"] 1659 I sent dowen two horse to Sir William Murray and they were loaded with 18 rawghters.'
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 31
The 8 of September I receiued from Sir William Murray 15 marchant dales and fiftine single trees and no more.
1658. Upon the 3 of October Jhon Cooke gott a furlet of oates from Jhon Boyd. The 18 of October Jhon Cooke brought a bowell of oates from Jho. Boyd. Vpon the 26 of Nouember Jhon Cooke browght a furlet of oates fro Jhon Boyd.
[January.] [1659]
[The opening page for the year has been torn out, leaving only the stub.]
19. Nothinge.
20. Nothinge.
21. Nothinge.
22. Setterdai : fower litle windlines ; sollitarie ; Jhon Meggeitt receiued fiue pound sterllinge for mallt ; 25*1 owen him.
23. Sabboth : a most terrible wind.
24. Munday : two bigge windlines ; there came from Muscelbrughe threescore eightine dales and threttie single trees ; the dales was 9s 6 pennies the pice, and the trees was 12s the pice ; sollitarie.
25. Tusday: two bigge botles; sollitarrie; spent 2s Scotts.
26. Wedensday : no botles from Jhon Boyd ; in Edin. all night.
27. Thursday : two bigge botles ; in Edinbrughe ; cam to Hawthornden all night ; spent 5^-12-0.
28. Fryday : sollitarie ; sent ouere summonds to Thomas Niccolsone to mak paiment for ten [?] thousand merkes aristed in his hand ; receiued a summond for the vickaradge tind of Whitfeelld ; nothinge from Jhon Boyd.
29. Setterday : receiued from Jhon Boyd fower bigge windlines ; sollitarie ; my wife went dowen to Pendrike ; Jams Awh[muttie] came.
30. Sabboth : went to Borthicke to Arniston ; James Awchmuttie in Hawthornden.
31. Munday : James Awchmuttie in Haw[thornden] ; sollitarie ; from Jhon Boyd three litle windlines ; to my wife 23s-8-
32 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
FEBRUARIE. 28 DAYES
1. Tusday : sollitarie ; the cradlinge was perfited in the shaft ; two litle botles from Jhon Boyd.
2. Wedensday : Candilmis ; colhewers lay owt ; 4 lod of coals came dowen ; from Jhon Boyd two litle windlines ; sollitarrie ; Jean Stewart 3^ for fresh meat.
3. Thursday : Robert Dowglasse, Jean, and James Awchmuttie heare ; din'd with Preston and Fullfoord ; fower bigge botles.
4. Fryday : Robert Dowglasse and his wife heare ; James Awch. away ; from Jhon Boyd fower bigge botles.
5. Setterday : Robert Dowglasse heare and his wife ; from Jhon Boyd fywe litle botles ; sollitary.
6. Sabboth : at Newbatle kirke with Robert Dowglass and his wife ; satt in W. Bruns ; the first sermon we coulld not haue a sett ; afternone at churche ; spent 1*1 13s 4d.
7. Munday : sollitarie but fattall ; my wife in Pendrike at oats dightinge ; on botle from Jhon Boyd.
8. Tusday : sollitarie ; from Jhon Boyd two botles ; Gorge Murray in Haw[thornden].
9. Wedensday : sollitary ; Gorge Murray went away ; from Jhon Boyd two bigge botles ; James Dowglasse mended the great oake kist.
10. Thursday : sollitarie ; there came from Andra Lawtheres mill sixtine bowels of mile and a halfe ; halfe a bowll of grae mile ; halfe a bowle of groates ; three furlets of sowen seedes ; from Jhon Boyd three litle botles ; payed Jhon Symsone messenger.
11. Fryday : sollitarie ; from Jhon Boyd on bigge botle ; the arke came from Newebatle ; owr best ale was perst.
12. Setterday : sollitarie ; turn'd ouere papers of my fatheres ; from Jhon Boyd fower verie litle botles at the count.
13. Sabbothe : at home ; sollitarie ; my wife her &c.
14. Munday : sollitarie ; agreed with Jams Willsone for furnishinge me coales to my owen house ; from Jhon Boyd three very litle windlines ; solid Thomas Cochren two tries ; pay'd Symson the messenger.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 33
15. Tusday : sollitarie ; the iyron millman completly payed ; from Jhon Boyd two bigge botles ; my wife supposed.
16. Wedensday : sollitarie ; Jhon Boyd receiued a war- rand for ventinge the drinke ; three bigge windlines.
17. Thursday : sollitarie ; Jhon Mane write to me for my wife's howse meale ; from Jhon Boyd two bigge wind- lines.
18. Fryday : sollitarie ; three litle windlines ; the glasine wright came upe ; Jams Douglasse mended the arke.
19. Setterday : sollitarie ; from J. B. fower bigge botles ; took out the stane.
20. Sabboth : sollitarie ; from the church.
21. Munday : the stane putt in by James Tomsone ; three windlines, but litle, from Jhon Boyd.
22. Tusday : sollitarie ; my mothere in Hawthornden din'd with us ; from Jhon Boyd three litle botles.
23. Wedensday : sollitarie ; there was gotten from two men in the Wast houses eight ine lod of lime at twa grots the lod the 18 of Junn 1658 ; Allexander Brim in Edinr. all night ; no straw from Jhon Boyd.
24. Thursday : sollitarie ; Drume visit me ; Allexander Brun not com home ; no strawe.
25. Fryday : sollitarie ; my mothere quitt her lifrent of the house of Hawthornden and all the yeareds, parkes, or in closeter [sic] ; Allexander Brune not com horn ; no straw.
26. Setterday : sollitarie ; Allexander Brun came horn ; Patricke Dowglass burried ; from Jhon Boyd 6 litle botles.
27. Sabbothe : at Lasswade church ; hard a minister who was supposed.
28. Munday : my mothere went to Edin. ; no straw from J. B.
March. 31 dayes
1. Tusday: sollitarie; from Jhon Boyd 3 litle windlines.
2. Wedensday : reded the close ; no strawe ; my horse steru'd ; 10 bouls of mallt from Jhon Meggett.
34 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
3. Thursday : at a mittinge with the Heritors and Elders concerninge the plantinge of the church ; from Jhon Boyd 3 bigge botles.
4. Fryday : sollitarie ; 2 bigge botles.
5. Setterday : solitarie ; 4 bigge botles.
6. Sabboth ; at Lasswade ; harde Mester Jams Cuningg- hame preache.
7. Munday : Mester Jams Cuningghame in Hawthorn- den all night ; din'd with Preston ; 2 litle botles.
8. Tusday : at mittinge concerninge the plantation of owr church ; went to Edinbrughe therafter ; no strawe.
9. Wedensday : in Edinbrught ; 3 litle botles ; Jams Awchmuttie din'd with us.
10. Thursday : in Edin. ; my wife her, &c. ; confused with bussines ; 2 litle windlins.
11. Fryday : she [?] [?] golld watch and en hinger ; P., J., W. ; Jhon Mean payed for his house meale ; no botles at all.
12. Setterday : cam from Edin. to Hawthornden ; 4 litle botles from Jhon Boyd ; spent 24^.
13. Sabboth : at Lasswade church ; hard Mester Adam Penmand ; gaue Mester Jams Cunningghame en call to be ower minister at Lasswade ; spent 0^—1 2s-0.
14. Munday : sollitarie ; Allexander Brun in Ed. for my mothere ; stayed all night ; no straw from J. Boyd.
15. Tusday : sollitarie ; two botles from J. B. ; my mothere cam to Hawthornden ; William Hamillton payed for his wine, beinge 12^—1 9s.
16. Wedensday : sollitary ; the irron millman brought en collrake, en pare of tonges, en paden iron, en fleshcrooke ; the price of them all is 3^-18-0 ; two bigge botles J. B.
17. Thursday : sollitary ; my horse steru'd for want of strawe ; brewed.
18. Fryday : sollitarie ; 4 rat here wispes then botles.
19. Setterday : sollitary ; tooke up the lassine of my motheres chair here.
20. Sabboth : at horn ; no preachinge ; 4 litle botles ; write to Lidees Reide.
21. Munday : sollitarie ; my horse starued ; no strawe.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 35
22. Tusday : sollitary ; two litle botles ; Jean Stewart fyed ; 6s of arles.
23. Wedensday : my horse sterued ; on bo[t]le of strawe ; agreed with Jhon Symsone to dresse the yeard at halfe a marke a day.
24. Thursday : sollitarie ; two botles but litle.
25. Fryday : sollitarie ; two litle botles.
26. Setterday : Jams Symson in Hawthornden ; spent 12s ; John Boyd in Twathell ; my horse sterued.
27. Sabboth : at horn ; Mester Jams Cunigham preacht ; my horse sterued ; my Lord Traqware dyed suddenly at Traqware.
28. Munday : sollitarie ; mended the yeats ; my horse steru'd ; eat pease straue of Allexander Brun's ; bowght a shoole lft-O-0 from Thomas Crae.
29. Tusday : sollitarie ; two botles from J. B.
30. Wedensday : sollitarie ; my horse sterued ; a locke pise strawe ; craued for Lodie's debt.
31. Thursday; sollitarie; summond for the same ; from Jhon Boyd two bigge botles.
Aprill. 30 DAYS
1. Fryday : sollitarie ; visit Awchindinnie ; my horse sterued ; on botle from J. Boyd ; my mothere went away.
2. Setterday : sollitarie ; sixe litle botles.
3. Sabboth : sollitarie ; at horn ; a peck of wake oats from Jhon Boyd.
4. Munday : sollitarie ; my mothere came to Hawthorn- den againe out of Estraw ; 3 litle botls from Jhon Boyd.
5. Tusday : sollitarie ; 2 botls from Jhon Boyd.
6. Wedensday : sollitarie ; 2 peckes of oats from Jhon Boyd ; 2 botls of pise strawe.
7. Thursday : at Dallkeith countanancinge Mester Jams Cuninghame his call to Lasswade ; 3 windlins.
8. Fryday : went to Linlithgowe ; my horse in Kingl- feeld.
9. Setterday : the Prouist and Rickerton welcom'd me to the towen.
36 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
10. Sabboth : in Lithgowe church ; made very wellcom by the minister and othere gentlemen.
11. Munday : tooke course with my tennants they beinge wawaird.
12. Tusday : in Linlithgowe ; receiued from my tennants 100ft
13. Wedensday : the Prouest and I not like to end our counts without much strife ; write for Rickerton Drum- ond ; receiued from the to wen 50** ; Jams Crawfoord payed.
14. Thursday : Rickerton Drummond came in to Lith- gowe to agree me and the towen ; we greeed and thereafter I was made burges of the touen with great solemnitie and my man allsoe.
15. Fryday : came from Riccerton his house in the Bins to Sir Robert Drummond of the Midope out there ; I went to Callderhall ; all night there.
16. Setterday : went from Callderhall to Berno owt there to Hawthornden where I was entertained with my wonted sollitarines ; from J. Boyd two botles but litle.
17. Sabboth : was weirie ; at home ; 3 litle botles.
18. Munday : in Hawthornden ; sollitarie ; red the close ; from Jhon Boyd on great botle ; Preston visit me ; millman payed wobster.
19. Tusday : sollitarie ; from Jhon Boyd 3 litle botles.
20. Wedensday : sollitarie ; from Jhon Boyd two litle botles.
21. Thursday : sollitarie ; on bigge botle.
22. Fryday : sollitarie ; my horse sterued all night.
23. Setterday : John Boyd woulld giue me no more straue cause he had non.
24. Sabboth : at church ; hard Mr Jhon Cunninghame preache ; spent 10s.
25. Munday: bowght a paire of glouds [sic : gloues?] 8s; from Jams Symsone I receiued a thraue of oat strawe.
26. Tusday : exspected Riccerton ; my horse in Edin.
27. Wedensday : my sister here ; sollitarie.
28. Thursday : sollitarie : my wife in Edin. ; golld lace from Jams Crae.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 37
29. Fryday : in Awchindinnie ; the Lady in Hawthorn- den.
30. Setterday : the Lady Awhindinnie and her dowghter in Southside.
May. 30 [sic] dayes
1. Sabboth : my horse putt forth to grasse ; from church.
2. Munday : sollitarie.
3. Tusday : sollitarie ; my man, Allexander Brune is tied againe for a yeare for three pund sterlinge and two pare of shoes ; my mothere cam to Hawthornden.
4. Wedensday : sollitarie ; Allexander Brun in Edin. ; no horse.
5. Thursday : sollitarie ; John Scott, my coossin his son, in Hawthornden ; raked the parke.
6. Fryday : sollitarie.
7. Setterday : sollitarie ; the water men not well payed by Sanders Brun ; to Jhon Locke 12s Scotts.
8. Sabbothe : att horn.
9. Munday : in Lass wad ; the wrights entred first to the makinge up of my lafft.
10. Tusday : Gorge S[c]ott the cowner greed with me for 3*1-1 2s-0 to dresse a pice of the church and to make a window in Hawthornden watter tight ; bowght a tree from R. Seaton for my seat for —
11. Wedensday : my wife in Edin. ; panded her two ringes and en armelett for 30^ Scotts ; in Lasswade ; spent 12s.
12. Thursday : sollitarie.
13. Fryday : sollitarie.
14. Setterday : in Lass wad with Lard Meggett ; the wrights gott 12ft-0-0.
15. Sabboth : att Glancorsse church with Will Puruus where I gott first news thatt the Protector was displactt and the kingdoms gouernd by a comman wealth.
16. Munday : I was summond before the justice of peace for [to] giue my oath concerninge a bussines of Lard Meggett's.
38 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
17. Tusday : sollitarie ; Rossline visitt me ; Jams Willsone imprisond.
18. Wedensday : sollitarie.
19. Thursday : sollitarie ; Bellie Dennem visit me ; spent 20s.
20. Fry day : my wife in Ed.
21. Setterday : sollitarie.
22. Sabboth : at horn.
23. Munday : sollitarie.
24. Tusday ; my wife in Sir William Murray's ; visit Sir Jhon Niclsone of Laswade ; Patricke Maxwell here ; my mothere went to liue be her selfe in her noo chambers ; spent 12s.
25. Wedensday : sollitarie ; my wiff not well ; Patricke Maxwell away.
26. Thursday : my wife & I cam to Ed.
27. [Fry day] : in Ed. ; my wife drew seuen unces of blood ; Doctor Henderson dind with me ; after denner she was soe unwell thatt I exspected no life for her ; en consultation of doctors.
28. Setterday : she was better againe.
29. [Sunday] : went to Mester Robert Lourie's church.
30. Munday : in Ed. ; my wife better.
Jun. 31 [sic]
1. Tusday x : my wife worse againe.
2. Wedensday : my wife parted with chilld to the hazard of her life.
3. Thursday : in my chamber all day ouere.
4. Fryday : in my chamber all day till night and then I dra[n]ke come win from a Turcke.
5. Setterday : my horse came and I went to Lass wade and complitly payed the wrights for makinge of my laft in the church, which cam to 24^-1 8s-4.
6. Sabboth : the communion giuen in Ed. ; I went to Leath church with the Dallmahoyes.
1 Tuesday was the 31st May.
A BOOKE OF MEMORANDUMS 39
7. Mimday : in Ed. ; my wife worse againe.
8. Tusday : in Ed. ; my wife extreamly sike.
9. Wedensday : att the bullerts all day with Illistone and the Dallmahoyes.
10. Thursday : att a meetinge of the Presbatrie in Lasswade.
11. Fry day : in Leeth att Captan Newman's but diss- apointed of my intentions.
12. Setterday : with Illistone.
13. Sabbothe : stayed from church ; my wife was neare deathe ; doctors brought from church ; Jhon Kennady apothicarie under [page torn] . . .
16. Wedensday : in Ed.
17. Thursday : in Ed.
18. Fryday : in Edin.
19. Setterday : cam to Hawthor[n]den with my wife againe.
20. Sabboth : at Lasswade church.
21. Munday : when I had layed ouere my counts there was 500^ spent in Edin. the time my wife was sike.
22. Tusday : att Lasswade [page torn]. . .
23. Wedensday : Mester Jams Cunninggham was placed minister [of] Lasswade with great sollemnatie.
24. Thursday : the minister went to Ed. and Jhon Awhmuttie and Allexander Trotter with him.
25. Fryday : Jhon Awchmuttie went away and Mester Robert Scott, minister of Edelston came.
26. Setterday : Mester Robert Scott and I waked throw the feellds.
27. Sabboth : att church of Lasswade ; our minister preacht ; spent 10s.
28. Munday : Mester Robert Scott went away and I visit Clerkenton.
29. Tusday : sollitarie ; tormented with visits from all parts.
30. Wedensday : went to Robert Dowglasse his child's burriall ; spent 5^-0-0.
Thursday : sollitarie ; this month is miscounted on day.
40 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
Jun [sic July], 30 dayes
1. Fryday : sollitary ; went to Soutsied ; dranke all night with Robert Dowglasse and Andrau Ritherefoord of the Towenhead en impertinent feillow.
2. Setterday : cam from Soutsied ; with my wife to Hawthornden ; spent 1-0-0.
3. Sabbothe : went to church but Mester Oliver Coullt disaponted us of a sermon ; spent 0-4-0.
4. Munday : Jhon Boyd, merchant, came to Hawthorn- den ; stayed all night ; spent for ale 1-0-0.
5. Tusday : Jhon Boyd went away to Edinbrughe and I causd thike the stable before he went away.
6. Wedensday.
The ende of this Booke.1
1 The remaining nine pages at this end of the MS. contain odd jottings. Some refer to the perambulation of his marches (see supra, p. 22), e.g. ' John Dobie in Gowrlaw saw the merch stons laide ' ; ' James Hastie in Gill- morton Edge will giue his oath that the collhills is mine.' Others record payments to or from individuals including purchases of 'a pint of wine,' ' a quart of white wine and hue shoppens of clarett.' There are also two pages of names, etc., at the other end of the MS.
NOTES
Ahmutie : see Auchmutie.
Arcadia : by Sir Philip Sidney. There were numerous editions of this popular work in the seventeenth century.
Arguile : Marquess of Argyll. At the proclamation of the Protectorate in Edinburgh ' not one Scotchman opend his mouth to say " God blesse my Lord Protector." Scotland and the Protectorate, ed. Firth (Scot. Hist. Socy.), 1899, p. 362. Argyll was evidently an exception {ante 15 July 1657). His presence on this occasion formed part of the indictment at his trial in 1661. 'He explained [it] to have been accidental and un- premeditated. He happened to be in Edinburgh and " was commanded by General Monck to wait on the Council before he knew any intention of such a proclamation." This statement of his was confirmed by a letter of Monck's specially written to testify to its truthfulness.' J. Willcock, The Great Marquess (1903), p. 316.
ark : large wooden chest for holding meal, flour, etc.
arles : money paid as an earnest ; given to a servant on engagement.
Arniston : in Borthwick and Temple parishes, Midlothian, an estate belonging to the family of Dundas.
Auchmutie : see Goosfoord.
Awhindinnie, Oivchindinie : Auchindinny, an estate on the boundary between the parishes of Lasswade and Glencorse, Midlothian. In 1650 John Vernour, the ' Owlld Awhindinnie ' of the Diary (14 Feb. 1657), resigned his feu to his superior, George Preston of Gorton and Craigmillar. From 1653 to 1664 it was feued to Mr. Thomas Henderson, Advocate, who was the laird during the period of the Diary. John A. Inglis, The Family of Inglis of Auchindinny and Redhall, Edin. (1914), p. 26.
Ballclugh : Buccleuch.
Ballvarde, Lord : David, second Lord Balvaird. Scots Peerage, ed. J. Balfour Paul, viii. 203.
Bayrnoe : Balerno, a village on the Water of Leith, 7 miles SW of Edinburgh.
bellies : bailies.
Berno : see Bayrnoe.
41
42 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
Bins : Binns, 4 miles NW of Linlithgow. The laird, Thomas Dalyell of Binns, afterwards the notorious general of Covenanting tradition, in 1648 conveyed his estates to his brother-in-law, Wm. Drummond of Riccarton, who was living at Binns during the period of the Diary (15 April 1659). Thomas Dalyell was then in the service of the Czar of Russia. The Binns Papers (Scot. Record Socy.), 1938, pp. vii-viii.
Blackbarronie : Sir Alex. Murray, laird of Blackbarony in the parish of Eddleston in Peeblesshire. J. W. Buchan, Hist, of Peeblesshire, ii. (1925), 474-80.
Borthicke : Borthwick, a parish some 5 miles SE of Dalkeith, Midlothian.
botle : bottle of sti*aw, straw bundled up for fodder.
boioell : boll, a measure of capacity.
Brade : the Laird of Braid, now a part of the southern suburbs of Edinburgh, was the famous Sir Wm. Dick from 1631 to 1655. See Diet. Xat. Biog. He was succeeded by his grandson, William. He was laird only in name. ' He inherited only his grandfather's liabilities, together with a lengthy imprisonment in the Tolbooth for debts which he never incurred.' Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, vol. xi. (1922), App., p. 14.
Bred : see Brade.
Breds burne. The burn flows through Braid.
Brigglands : probably Bridgelands, in the parish of Dalkeith.
Bruhton : Broughton, in Peeblesshire.
Brune, Mester Robert : Robert Brown, minister of Broughton in Peebles- shire. Hew Scott, Fasti Eccles. Scot, (new ed.), i. 241.
Bruntileinge : Burntisland, on the coast of Fife ; the ' English church ' was presumably that of the English garrison of the Commonwealth and Protectorate.
bullerts : billiards. See Craigie, Diet, of the Older Scot. Tongue, s.v. ' bulzard,' with the variant ' bulliert ' in 1647-
Callderhall : in the parish of Kirknewton, Midlothian.
Carre : Robert Ker, Lord Ker of Newbattle, son of the 3rd Earl of Lothian. He succeeded his father as Earl in 1675, and was created Mar- quess of Lothian in 1701. Scots Peerage, ed. Balfour Paul, v. 475-8.
Charterhall : in Fogo parish, Berwickshire. The laird was George Trotter. Reg. of the Great Seal of Scot. 1652-1659, no. 65 ; 1660-1668, no. 264.
Chirrahall: Sheriffhall, in Newton parish in Midlothian. Giffert or Giffart (Gifford) was the name of the lairds. Cf. Inquisit. Speciales, Edin-
NOTES 43
burgh, nos. 776, 1635. James Giffart, sculptor in West Linton, described himself in 1660 as brother of Sheriffhall. Proceedings o/Soc. of Antiquaries of Scot., xxxiii. 147.
civillie : in a well-ordered manner ; sober.
clack : chatter.
clavers : idle or foolish talk.
Clerkenton : Clerkington, ' in the parish of Temple at the N end of the Moorfoot hills, and about twelve miles SE of Edinburgh.' The laird was Sir William Scott, whose forensic title was Lord Clerkington. His daughter Barbara was Drummond's second wife. J. A. Inglis, The Monros of Auchinbowie and Cognate Families, Edin. (1911), pp. 177-8, 183-4.
close : enclosure, court or coui"tyard.
Coal : ' The country between Edinburgh and Haddington undoubtedly remained the chief centre of the Scottish mining industry. All through the valley of the Esk, inland beyond Dalkeith and Lasswade, hamlets that had once consisted almost entirely of hovels . . . became busy mining villages. ... In 1548 a special messenger had to be sent to Lasswade, Dalkeith, Musselburgh, Newbattle, Inveresk, Edmonstone, Whitehill and Cockpen to order that coal be dug to supply the French army. Fifty years later there was a regular trade in coal all through East and Mid- Lothian. . . . The growth of the market at Edinburgh, where the demand for coal presumably increased in each succeeding decade of the 17th century, had led to the development of a dozen or more " land-sale " collieries on the western side of the Esk valley, e.g. at Ormiston, Carberry, Southside, Cockpen, Clerkington, Lasswade, Wolmet and Arniston.' J. U. Nef, The Rise of the British Coal Industry, Lond. (1932), i. 46-7 and n.
coillers : colliers.
Cokpen : Cockpen, a parish in the E of Midlothian, near Dalkeith. The laird was Mark Carse or Cass. According to tradition, he was ' The Laird of Cockpen ' of the song. J. C Carrick, Around Dalkeith (1904), p. 72. ' Young Cockpen ' was also called Mark. Acts Pari. Scot., Index, s.v. Cass ; P. Mitchell, The Parish of Cockpen (1881), p. 31.
Collinton : Colinton, on the Water of Leith to the SW of Edinburgh, in which it is now incorporated. The laird was Sir Alexander Foulis. G. E. C, Complete Baronetage, ii. 401.
collrake : a rake for coals.
Collwhalie : Colquhalzie, in Trinity Gask parish, Perthshire. The lairds were Drummonds. Gen. of the House of Drummond, ed. Laing (1831), p. 263.
44 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
C'omiston : W of the Braid Hills, in the southern suburbs of Edinburgh. Walter Porterfield of Comiston died 2 Nov. 1664. H.M. Register House, Edinburgh Testaments, vol. 72, 24 June 1665.
coues : the famous caves at Hawthornden, described in the Proceedings of the Socy. of Antiquaries of Scot., vol. 45 (1910-11), pp. 278-291.
Coutlt, Mester Oliver : Oliver Colt, minister of Inveresk. Hew Scott, Fasti (new ed.), i. 325.
Cowlldcott : Coldcoat (now Macbiehill), in the parish of Newlands, N. Peeblesshire. The laird was Jonas Hamilton. See ante, p. 6. Lady Cowlldcott was either his mother or his wife, ' Lady ' being the feminine of ' Laird.'
cowner : cowaner, a mason who builds dry-stone dykes.
cownt : account.
cradlinge : fitting with a surround or lining. Craigie, Diet, of the Older Scot. Tongue.
Craigebuii : the only place of this name that has been traced is in the parish of Portpatrick, Wigtownshire. It belonged to the Hannays of Sorbie. P. H. McKerlie, Lands and their Owners in Galloway, 2nd ed. (1906), i. 386. See also Parish Lists of Wigtownshire and Minniegaff, 1684 (Scot. Rec. Socy.), 1916.
Craighouse : on the NE slope of Craiglockhart Hill, near Edinburgh. The laird was Andrew, afterwards Sir Andrew, Dick, son of Sir William Dick of Braid. G. E. C, Complete Baronetage, vi. App. p. 74.
Craigmillar : in the parish of Liberton, Midlothian. On 20 Oct. 1660, a charter was granted confirming a disposition by George Preston, formerly of Craigmillar, to Sir John Gilmour, now of Craigmillar. Reg. of the Great Seal of Scot., 1660-1668, no. 20. For Sir John Gilmour, who became Lord President of the Court of Session in 1661, see Diet. Nat. Biog.
craised : hurt ; injured.
Cuninggham, Mr. James : minister of Lasswade. Called ' John ' in error on 24 April 1659. Hew Scott, Fasti (new ed.), i. 329.
Cyprian Groue : his father's Cypresse Grove printed in 1623. Poetical Works of William Drummond, ed. L. E. Kastner (Scot. Text Socy.), 1913, ii. 67 et seq.
Dallmahoy : the laird was Sir Alex. Dalmahoy of that Ilk. Douglas, Baronage, p. 550 ; Acts Pari. Scot. (Record Series), Index, s.v. The barony was in Ratho parish, Midlothian.
Dallwossie : Dalhousie in Cockpen parish, Midlothian. See Ramsay.
NOTES 45
Dennam (Dennem), Bellie : Bailie John Denholme, an active member of Edinburgh Town Council. See Extracts from the Records of the Burgh of Edinburgh, 1642-1665, ed. M. Wood, Index, s.v. Denholme, John.
dightinge : dichting, separating grain from chaff ; to sift meal.
Donn's devotions : Devotions upon Emergent Occasions . . ., by John Donne, Dean of St. Paul's. First published in 1624. There were seven issues between 1624 and 1638.
dresse the yeard : put the garden in order.
Brume : ' The Drum ' in Liberton parish, Midlothian, SE of Gilmerton. The laird of Drum was James de jure ninth Lord Somerville. In 1658 he removed from Drum to Edinburgh, where he spent the rest of his life. Scots Peerage, ed. Balfour Paul, viii. 28-29. See also Hamilton More Nisbett, Drum of the Somervilles, Edin. (1928).
Drummond, Sir Robert : the laird of Midhope, in Abercorn parish, Linlithgowshire. W. Drummond 's Genealogy, ed. Laing, p. 73.
Edmiston : Edmonstone in Newton parish, Midlothian, 3£ miles SE of Edinburgh. The laird was James Raith. Reg. of the Great Seal of Scot., 1652-1659, no. 493.
en : a, one.
Esterhall, Estraw : probably Eister Haill, in the lordship of Musselburgh, Midlothian, mentioned in Reg. of the Great Seal of Scot., 1652-1659, no. 225.
Farrlie, Mr. James : James Fairlie, minister of Lasswade. Hew Scott, Fasti (new ed.), i. 329.
fatall : [?] mortally drunk. Sir Wm. Craigie kindly informs me that this is the only instance he knows of the use of the word in this sense.
fed, fyed : engaged as a servant.
fans : blasts of wind.
fleshcrooke : a large iron hook for hanging meat on.
Foollfoord, Fullfoord : Fulford. ' Fulford Tower is incorporated in the modern mansion of Woodhouselee ... f of a mile WNW of the hamlet of Easter Howgate.' R. Com. on Ancient and Hist. Monuments, Midlothian and West Lothian, Edin. (1929), p. 72. The ruins of the old castle of Woodhouselee are situated on the left bank of the N. Esk some 3 miles away. Wm. Purves of Abbeyhill got sasine of Fulford on 5 July 1657. H.M. Register House, P.R.S., Edin., vi. 19. He obtained a charter under the Great Seal, dated 17 Aug. 1657, in favour of himself in liferent and his son Alexander in fee. Ibid., vi. 402. ' Purves soon aftei'wards took up his residence at Woodhouselee ... of which he had Charter under the Great Seal on 31 Dec. 1658.' Sir Wm. Purves, Revenue of the Scottish Crown, 1681, ed. D. Murray Rose, Edin. (1897), p. xxi. On 20 July 1665 a Crown Charter was granted to Wm. Purves of Abbeyhill, ' erecting
46 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
certain lands, including Woodhouselee, into the barony of Woodhouselee.' Beg. of the Great Seal of Scot., 1660-16VS, no. 462. ' He repaired Fulford Tower as a residence from the materials of old Woodhouselee and trans- ferred that name to the Tower.' R. Com. on Anc. Mons., op. cit., p. 73. He was created a knight baronet in July 1665. G. E. C, Complete Baronet- age, iv. 244. He thereafter appears in the records as ' of Woodhouselee,' but once at least, in 1668, as ' of Foulfoord.' Cal. of Laing Charters, ed. J. Anderson, Edin. (1899), no. 2639.
furlet : firlot, a corn measure.
Garleton : in Haddington parish, East Lothian. The laird was John Seton of Garleton, created a baronet in 1664, son of the third Earl of Winton by his second marriage. Scots Peerage, ed. Balfour Paul. viii. 596.
Genarall, the : General Monck, who occupied Dalkeith Palace during the minority of Mary Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch. Scots Peerage, ed. Balfour Paul, ii. 236.
Gillmore, Sir John : see Craigmillar.
glakes : [r] glaiks, [?] cheating ; or [?] puzzles. See Oxford Eng. Diet, s.v. ' glaik,' sb. 1 and 3.
Glancorss : Glencorse, a parish some eight miles S of Edinburgh.
Gledsmoor : Gladsmuir in the W of East Lothian.
Godfrey of Bulloinge : probably either Richard Carew's Godfrey of Bulloigne or the Becouerie of Hierusalem (1594), or Edward Fairfax's Godfrey of Bulloigne (1599 and 1624), both English translations of Tasso's Gerusalemme Liberata.
Goosfoord : Gosford, in the parish of Aberlady, East Lothian. Sir Alexander Auchmutie, whose daughter, Sophia, Drummond married, was the laird.
Gortowen, Gorton : George Preston was laird of Gorton and Craigmillar. Gorton is half a mile SW of Hawthomden. See Awhindinnie.
griue : grieve, head workman on a farm ; ' griue all night,' [the] grieve [employed] all night [on].
Hagges : Alexander Hamilton, knighted c. 1662, and created a baronet in 1670, was laird of Haggs (afterwards called Rosehall) in Old Monkland parish, Lanarkshire. Geo. Hamilton, A History of the House of Hamilton, Edin. (1933), p. 440.
halfe marke marriage : clandestine marriage.
hansell : handsel, a gift at a particular season. Thus Drummond gave a crown on Handsel Monday, the first Monday of the New Year (5 Jan. 1657).
NOTES 47
Henderson, Dr. : Drummond's sister Eliza married ' Mr. Henri Hender- sone, a famous doctor of physick in our time.' He was physician to the Earl of Perth. Genealogy of the House of Drummond, ed. D. Laing (1831), pp. 74, 308.
Hermiston : see St. Clair, Sir John.
hinger : a pendant, a necklace.
Howse of Moore : House of Muir, a hamlet in Glencorse parish, Midlothian.
hymera : chimera.
Illistone : Eleistoun. Sasine, 24 March 1658, to Mr. John Eleis, Advocate, of the lands of Eleiston, in the lordship of Kinpont, sheriffdom of Linlithgow, on disposition by James Hamiltoun, eldest lawful son and apparent heir of Sir Wm. Hamiltoun of Eleistoun. H.M. Register House, P.R.S., Edin., vi. 380. Cf. Reg. of the Great Seal of Scot., 1652-1659, no. 256.
Justice of peace : Justices of the Peace were re-introduced into Scot- land by the Cromwellian Government in November 1655. Minutes of the Justices of the Peace for Lanarkshire, ed. C. A. Malcolm (Scot. Hist. Socy.), 1931, p. xxi.
Katenes : George, sixth Earl of Caithness. At the proclamation of the Protectorate {ante 15 July 1657) he was with the Marquess of Argyll, to whose second daughter he was ' contracted.' Scotland and the Protectorate, ed. Firth (Scot. Hist. Socy.), 1899, p. 362.
Kokpen : see Cockpen.
Kringiltie : Cringletie, in the parish of Eddleston, Peeblesshire. William Burnet was laird from 1633 to 1664. The property was then acquired by Sir Alexander Murray of Blackbarony, whose son, John Murray of Cringletie, married Sophia, daughter of Sir William Drummond of Haw- thornden. J. W. Buchan, History of Peeblesshire, ii. (1925), 469, 493-4.
lafff. gallery.
lassine : [?] lacing, perhaps for a leather-covered chair.
Leith : see ' sitidell.'
leuell, leuen : ' Levels . . . are nothing else but conduits or gutters made underground for conveying of the water from the coal and so rendering it workable.' George Sinclair, The Hydrostaticks . . . with a Short History of Coal . . . Edin., 1672.
locke : ' a locke pise strawe,' a small quantity of pease straw.
Lodie : Ludovick Drummond, brother of Sir William. See ante, p. 3.
Lonhide : Loanhead, in Lasswade parish, Midlothian.
48 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
Lothian, Lord : William Ker, third Earl of Lothian. His father was a friend of the poet Drummond. Scots Peerage, ed. Balfour Paul, v. 468.
Lourie, Mester Robert : Robert Laurie, minister of the Tron Church, Edinburgh. Hew Scott, Fasti (new ed.), i. 135.
Luggton : Lugton, in Dalkeith parish, Midlothian. The barony was held by Sir David Crichton. Reg. of the Great Seal of Scot., 1652-1659, no. 287 ; Index to Register of Deeds, ii. (1662), 134.
Magumri, Lord : Hugh Montgomerie, afterwards seventh Earl of Eglinton. He was excepted from Cromwell's Act of Grace and Pardon, 1654. Scots Peerage, ed. Balfour Paul, iii. 450-1 ; W. Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, i. 83-93, 96.
martches, merchcs : marches, boundaries.
meales : meals, mails, rent.
Meggett, Lard : [?] Wm. Meggat of Mastertoun, who as son and heir of the deceased Thomas Meggat of Mastertoun, got sasine of the lands of Mastertoun in the lordship of Newbotle, 12 April 1658. H.M. Register House, P.R.S., Edin., vi. 418.
tnell : large wooden hammer.
merkes : marks, i.e. the coins formerly valued at 13s. 4d. Scots.
Midope : Midhope ; see Drummond, Sir Robert.
mile : meal.
minut : minute, first draft of a written agreement.
Monipennie : Sir James Monipenny, knighted at Dunfermline, 5 July 1633, on the creation of the Earl of Ancrum, another of the poet Drum- mond 's friends. W. A. Shaw, The Knights of England, i. lxii.
Mortonhall : on the southern outskirts of Edinburgh, W of Liberton. The laird from 1652 to 1665 was John Trotter, a great traveller. Douglas, Baronage of Scotland, p. 207.
Mossleye : Edward Mosely, one of the Commissioners for the Adminis- tration of Justice in Scotland. Brunton and Haig, Senators of the College of Justice, Edin. (1836), p. 346 ; Firth, Scotland and the Protectorate (Scot. Hist. Socy.), 1899, pp. 214, 385-7.
Murray, Sir Win. : laird of Newton, near Dalkeith, Midlothian. G. E. C, Complete Baronetage, ii. 375.
Newbattall, New Batle : Newbattle, a village one mile S of Dalkeith ; also Newbattle Abbey, the seat of the Earls of Lothian.
NOTES 49
Xic[o]lsone, Sir John : second Baronet of Lasswade, on the N. Esk, 9 miles SE of Edinburgh. G. E. C, Complete Baronetage, ii. 363.
Nutton : Newton ; see Murray.
on : one.
ordred : set in order.
osstage : hostage, inn.
Owchindinie : see Awhmdinnie.
owen : owing.
owersman : overseer.
paden iron : [?] paddle, a long-handled spud for cutting thistles, weeds, etc. panded : pawned.
Penmand, Mester Adam : Adam Penman, minister of Cockpen. Hew Scott, Fasti (new ed.), i. 307.
perambulation : ' The action or ceremony of walking officially round a territory . . . for the purpose of asserting and recording its boundaries.' Oxford Eng. Diet.
pise : pease.
plantation, planting : choosing a minister for the Church.
Preston, Mr. Robert : probably Mr. Robert Preston of Uttershill, who was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1651. Scotland and the Protectorate, ed. C. H. Firth (Scot. Hist. Socy.), 1899, p. 312. Uttershill adjoined Auchindinny. J. A. Inglis, The Family of Inglis of Auchindinny and Red- hall, Edin. (1914), p. 22.
Preston : Thomas, afterwards Sir Thomas, Hamilton was laird of Preston in the parish of Prestonpans, East Lothian. Geo. Hamilton, A History of the House of Hamilton, Edin. (1933), pp. 699-700.
quarrel : stone quarry.
Ramsay, Lord : George Ramsay, Lord Ramsay, son and heir of William, first Earl of Dalhousie (d. 1672). Scots Peerage, ed. Balfour Paul, iii. 100.
rantinge : revelling.
rawghters : rafters.
red, reddinge : tidy, clean up ; adjusting.
Rickerton Drummond : see Bins.
roded : [?] gave him the road, i.e. dismissed.
St. Clair, Sir John, of Herdmanston (Hermiston) : he held the lands of Roslin, in Lasswade parish, Midlothian, from 1652, on the resignation of Sir William Sinclair of Roslin. Scots Peerage, ed. Balfour Paul, vii. 584. From the Diary it appears that he resided in Roslin Castle.
D
50 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
Scott, Joint, >ny cousin his son : probably a Scot of Scotstarvet, Sir John Scot having married Anne, sister of the poet Drummond. Douglas, Baronage of Scotland, p. 223.
Scott, Mr. Robert : minister of Eddleston. He had been deposed on the 5 th May 1650 for ' offensive expressions, etc' ; afterwards minister of Tweedsmuir. Hew Scott, Fasti (new ed.), i. 271-
Scoivr : drinking-bout.
Scugall, Judge : John Scougal of Humbie, one of those nominated to be a Commissioner for the Administration of Justice in Scotland. Accord- ing to Nicoll (Diary, Bannatyne Club, 1836, p. 279), he never sat as he was not nominated until March 1660. Drummond, however, calls him ' Judge ' in 1657.
set : seat in the church.
shirray : sheriff.
shoole : shovel.
shoppens : chopin, a Scotch measure containing about an English quart.
sitidell of Leith : the citadel or fort of Leith was erected during the Cromwellian occupation. It was begun on 26 May 1656. On 11 July 1657 (Drummond saw it a fortnight later) Monck wrote to Cromwell that £17,000 had been spent on it, and that it would cost £12,000 more. Scotland and the Protectorate, ed. C. H. Firth (Scot. Hist. Socy.), 1899, pp. xlix-li.
Siton, Lady Jean : Seton, Lady Jean, daughter of the third Earl of Winton. Scots Peerage, ed. Balfour Paul, viii. 601.
Soutsied : James Eleis of Southsyde was served heir to the third part of the lands of Southsyde within the lordship of Newbattle, 29 Dec. 1652. Inquis. Speciales, Edin., no. 1033.
sou-en seeds : seeds or husks used in making sowens (' a dish made by steeping the husks and siftings of oatmeal in water,' Wright, Eng. Dial. Diet.).
spa : at Kinghorn in Fife. Dr. Patrick Anderson, ' inventor of the pills that still go by his name,' wrote a treatise concerning it — The colde Spring of Kinghorne Craig, his admirable and new tryed properties. Edin., 1618. Stat. Account of Scotland., xii. (1794), p. 233.
Stirling, Commissarie : John Stirling of Orcherfield, Commissary of the Comiui<sariot of Wigtown from 1635. The appointment was con- firmed by Parliament in 1661. Acts Pari. Scot., vii. 210. On 13 Sept. 1639 he was served heir to the lands of Townhead in Balerno and the lands of Orcherfield ' near the Castle of Edinburgh.' Inquisit. Speciales, Edin., no. 843.
NOTES 51
Straitinge : Straiton ; see Suthhowse.
Sudus : Southhouse ; see Suthhowse.
sumpholl : sump-hole, cesspool.
supposed : (1) ' my wife supposed ' (15 Feb. 1659), [?] with child ; (2) ' a minister who was supposed ' (27 Feb. 1659), [?] took the place of the minister of the church ; substituted.
Suthhowse : Southhouse, Alexander Straiton on 18 Oct. 1631 served heir to the house and lands of Straiton and Southhous. Inquisit. Speciales, Edin., no. 687. See also no. 1150. The village of Straiton is 5 miles S of the centre of Edinburgh, and now within the city boundary.
takes : tacks, leases.
Tanochie : Tannachy, in Rathven parish, Banffshire. The lairds were Tullochs. R. Young, Annals of . . . Elgin, pp. 665-7.
taocmen : holders of a tack or lease.
Tersap'ie : Tersappie, in the parish of Perth. Rentall of the County of Perth . . . 1649, Perth, 1835. The laird was Wm. Blair, his brother Alex- ander being his heir in 1661. Inquisit. Speciales, Perth, no. 676, 10 July 1661. See also Reg. of the Great Seal of Scot., 1660-1668, no. 498.
thike : thatch.
thraue : twenty-four sheaves.
Tillialan : Tulliallan, a barony and parish on N shore of the Forth adjoining Culross.
tind : teind, tithe.
Toffs, Lord : Sir Alexander Belches of Tofts, whose forensic title was Lord Tofts. Brunton and Haig, Senators of the College of Justice of Scot- land, pp. 320-1.
Tomson, Sir Thomas : Sir Thomas Thomson, as a Royalist, was excepted from the Cromwellian Act of Pardon, 1654. Acts Pari. Scot. (Record Series), vi. Pt. ii. 818a. See Index, s.v.
Traqware, Lord: John, first Earl. The 'beggar Earl,' his last days were spent in poverty and obscurity. Scots Peerage, ed. Balfour Paul, viii. 404.
tryst : an appointment to meet ; trysted : engaged to meet.
Twathell : Tweeddale, Peeblesshire.
ventinge : selling.
wages : wedges.
warlocke : wizard.
Wheitfeelds : Whitfield, consisting of Over and Nether Whitfield, was Drummond's property. It lies 2 miles S of Carlops in NW. Peeblesshire. J. W. Buchan and H. Paton, History of Peeblesshire, hi. (1927), 173-4.
rto,,cnn FAMILY HISTORY LIBRARY
Uo44byy 35 NORTH WEST TEMPLE
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84150
52 DIARY OF SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
whines : whins, furze.
Whitehill : James Ramsay, created a baronet in 1665, was laird of Whitehill in Carrington Parish, Midlothian. Riddell, Baronetage of Scotland, v. 485, Nat. Lib. Scot., Adv. MS. Coal had long been mined in the barony.
u-ill : while, until.
u-indlines : windlins, windlings, a ' bottle ' of straw, i.e. straw bundled up for fodder.
Winton : in Pencaitland parish, East Lothian.
Woodhowslie : see Foollfoord.
Woulmet : Woolmet, 2\ miles NW of Dalkeith. The lairds were Edmon- stones. On 24 March 1658 James Edmonstoun of Wolmet disposed of the lands of Wolmet, etc., to Major John Biggar, his brother-in-law, who is described as ' of Woolmet ' in 1662. H.M. Register House, P.R.S., Edin., 2nd series, vol. 6, f. 439 ; Deeds (Mackenzie), 31 Dec. 1662 ; cf. Book of Debts, 10 July 1656.
yeats : gates.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
1717-1807
Edited by HELEN CATHERINE STEWART
HON. SERVING SISTER, ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM
JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STEWART
Original in Palazzo Doria, Rome Photo by Alinari
INTRODUCTION
Much has been written about the flight of King James n. and his family from England in 1688 and the kindly recep- tion they were given at the Court of Louis xiv., but not so well known perhaps is the life of the Chevalier de Saint Georges, the only son of King James and Mary of Modena, after he left France. He was of course dejure James in. and viii., and as such was always acknowledged by the reigning Popes until his death in 1766. He went to Urbino in 1717 at the express invitation of Pope Clement xi., a member of the well-known family of Albani, settled for hundreds of years in Urbino, where their fine old palace may still be seen.
Clement xi. was a clever and cultivated man, generous, interested in art, a keen churchman as well as a far-seeing statesman. He always acknowledged the Chevalier as King James in. of England and was anxious that he should spend some time in Urbino, not only as a refuge for him- self, but because of the satisfaction it would give the Urbinati to have a Court once more in the great palace. This residence had been disused since the abdication of the feeble Duke Francesco della Rovere nearly a hundred years earlier, when the Duchy of Urbino passed into the hands of the Barberini Pope, Urban viii., as a fief of the Papal States.
The palace is a magnificent building of the early fifteenth century, standing on an isolated hill in the centre of the town, which dominates the surrounding country. The air
55
56 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
is fresh and invigorating, and in the summer James went out riding and amused himself ' by hunting the hare with his clever little Danish dogs.' In the winter he evidently was not so happy, and he felt the cold so much that he sent to England for a grate to burn coal in the beautiful seventeenth-century fireplace of a room which is to this day known as ' The Room of the King of England.'
There are various manuscripts both in Urbino and Bologna relating to the stay of James in the district, the earliest, which describes his arrival at Piacenza, being in the University Archives at Bologna. The first of those given below consists of Notes by a certain Canonico Ghiselli.1 They are sadly disconnected, and do not give us much information beyond a scanty list of the courtiers.
There are also a few references in the papers of Cardinal Ruffi,2 who was a good friend to James and many years later succeeded in reconciling James to Clementina after one of their periodical disputes. The story attributing to Lord Peterborough the idea of assassinating James was a fabrication, and Cardinal Ruffi showed his good sense by the way in which he treated the poor nobleman.
In Bologna also, but in the Royal State Archives, is a very interesting book of miniatures relating to important events connected with the history of the city.3 In this book are various illustrations of James and his family with apposite allusions, and it is clear that they kept up their connection with Bologna for many years. James was certainly living there in 1728.
Another city where much of interest no doubt still remains to be found with regard to Jacobite history is Urbino ; but since the Library of the University was being reorganised when the writer was there, it was only after a
1 See p. 69. 2 See p. 71. s See p. 73.
INTRODUCTION 57
long search that some notes on the marriage of James and Clementina were found in a history of the town by the Abbe Ricciardelli, with some account of the Bishop of Monte- fiascone, who performed the ceremony.1 Evidently James had known this Monsignor Bonaventura two years pre- viously, and this explains, what at first sight seems difficult to understand, why such a small out-of-the-way place as Montefiascone should have been chosen for the marriage.
We glean something of James's sojourn in Urbino from a manuscript book, which belongs to the Bishop's Library but which was actually shown to the writer by Professor Renzetti, the Director of the Museum and Picture Gallery. It contains part of a diary, dated 1718, and is headed ' Diario delle Cose di Urbino dall' anno 1718 di Giovanni Fortinario Gueroli Pucci d'Urbino sulla venuta, perma- nenza e partenza del Re dalla Gran Bretagna Giacomo in. Stuarda in Urbino e quindi anche il rittorno del detto Mon- arca in Urbino con Clementina Sobieski sua sposa ma di passaggio.' 2 Unfortunately this is but a copy of an older book, and suffers from various erasures and mistakes, such as ' 1718 ' instead of ' 1717 ' for the year of James's resi- dence in the town. It is impossible to identify some of the persons referred to in the list of members of the Court ; others again are quite comprehensible. The gentleman called ' Conte Metellan Lauderdale ' was Alexander Mait- land, a kinsman of Lord Lauderdale, and evidently a general favourite, as may be gathered from the mention of him in various letters among the Stuart Papers at Windsor. He died at Urbino ; and there is an inspiring inscription to his memory in a corridor of the Seminary opposite the Ducal Palace.3
James apparently kept his Court at Urbino till the end of 1718. Early in the next year we know that he was in
1 See p. 77. 2 See p. 79. 3 See p. 87.
58 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
Spain, where his half-brother, the Duke of Berwick,1 was in command of the French troops, while his nephew, the Duke of Liria,2 was fighting on the other side.
In Rome the Vatican Archives contain a letter from George I. to the Emperor Charles vi., undated but presum- ably written in 1719, when George paid a visit to his German dominions. It shows his indignation at the escape of Clementina Sobieska from Innsbruck and his fear of a rising in favour of the exiled Stewarts. The heading of the letter is a silent testimony to the attitude of the Papal Court, disclosing on which side lay its sympathies.3
On Clementina's arrival in Rome she stayed at the Convent of the Ursuline Nuns in the Via Vittoria, which some seventy years later gave refuge to other royal ladies, the French princesses, ' Mesdames Victoire et Adelaide, Tantes du Roi,' when they fled from the fury of the French Revolution, and in which they studied Italian with the famous playwright Goldoni.
Maria Clementina, the bride chosen for James, was the youngest daughter of Prince James Sobieski, who, but for the machinations of his mother, might have succeeded his father, the celebrated warrior and defender of Vienna, as King of Poland. As it was, he never became king, but lived in exile with his family at Ohlau.
1 In 1937 an American lady found in an antiquity shop in Rome a set of twelve beautiful Jacobite wine glasses, engraved with the portrait of Prince Charles Edward and the Rose and Thistle. She bought them and with them was given a note declaring that they were genuine and had always been in the writer's family. The owner was a certain old lady, Signora Sindaci-Steuart, aged nearly ninety, who died in 1938 and is said to have been the ' Nipote ' (which may mean either niece or grand- daughter) of the Duke of Berwick, but it was not possible to find out anything more definite about her antecedents.
2 James Francis, Duke of Liria (b. 1696, d. 1738) was the only child of the Duke of Berwick by his first wife, Honora de Burgh, daughter of William, second Earl of Clanricarde. He was in Scotland with his uncle, James Edward, during the 'Fifteen.
8 See p. 88.
INTRODUCTION 59
We know that James and Clementina did not actually meet until their marriage, which took place in the great hall of the Episcopal Palace at Montefiascone, on Sep- tember 1, 1719, 'at Ave Maria, that is the twenty-fourth hour by the Roman Italic clock,' as is the wording of the Register still preserved in the Bishop's Palace. Monsignor Sebastiano Pompilio Bonaventura received special per- mission of Pope Clement xi. through the Cardinal Secre- tary of State Paolucci to perform the ceremony, and the witnesses were ' Giovanni Hay, Jacomo Murray, Carolus Wogan, Giovanni O'Brien.' There were also present Sebastiano Antonino, Vicario Generale, and Father Brown, Confessor of the King.1
It is very unfortunate that this fine hall has been divided and now has a large glass screen right across it. The inner portion is used as an office, and in this part is the tablet commemorating the marriage, with a smaller one affixed to the original, which records the baptism in Rome a year later of the son of the royal couple and the fact that Bishop Bonaventura was summoned to Rome for the occasion. The King and Queen sent him, as an offering after the ceremony, a magnificent ' Paliotto ' (altar frontal), which is most carefully preserved in the palace. It is embroidered in gold and silver thread with the royal arms of England in the centre, and is a very fine piece of work. The chaplain (Don Tomaso Leonetti) emphasised to the writer the fact that the royal marriage did not take place in the cathedral, as is sometimes stated, but in the hall referred to above, and that the chapel of to-day was then the royal bedchamber, and as such was blessed by the Bishop.
1 The account from which the above is taken is in the Diocesan Register and is partly in Italian and partly in Latin. It is said that the vows were exchanged in French, although the King and Queen signed their names and titles in Latin at the end of the document.
60 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
Montefiascone is a little town about sixty miles from Rome, perched on a high hill overlooking the beautiful Lake of Bolsena. James and Clementina spent a short time there, and then settled down in the Palazzo Muti, which had been prepared for them by order of the Pope, who also provided a guard of honour. Not only Clement xi. but also his successors, Innocent xiii., Benedict xiii., Clement xn., Benedict xiv., and Clement xiii., all acknow- ledged James as lawful King of England, but when it came to the turn of Charles Edward, Clement xiii. refused to admit his claim, diligent though ' Prince Charlie ' was in pressing it, and he was always called ' Royal Highness * by the Vatican Court. There was much friction between James and Clementina, partly on account of members of their Court, but also because the Polish princess was much more bigoted than her husband, who, although very staunch in his religious views, was broad-minded enough to allow the service according to the rite of the Church of England to be held in the Palazzo Muti every Sunday.
There are two Stewart portraits in the Convent of San Clemente in Rome, which the Dominican Fathers allowed the writer to photograph, the one an unprepos- sessing likeness of Prince Charles Edward as an elderly man ; the other of Clementina as an old, pathetic-looking woman.
The writer thought that there might have been a few manuscripts to be found in the Convent of the Irish Church of Sant' Isidoro in Rome, as Prince Charles Edward's confessors, James and Michael McCormick, were Fran- ciscans from that convent, but the Prior was certain that all papers of any interest or value had been sent to Dublin in 1870, when the papal authorities were afraid of what Victor Emmanuel might do to the convents. These two brothers were with their royal master up to the last and
INTRODUCTION 61
were both distinguished men : James became Head of the convent and died in 1818 ; Michael, who was a brilliant linguist, died at Naples in 1820.
From time to time James went to Bologna, as we learn from various records ; but latterly he does not seem to have journeyed beyond the Castelli Romani, as the vil- lages and little towns in the Alban Hills are called. At Albano he stayed at the Palazzo Savelli, now the Muni- cipio, and at Frascati he sometimes spent a few days at the Villa Rocchi (now Villa Muti), which belonged to Monsignor Cesarini, the chaplain and devoted friend of the Cardinal of York.
James and his sons considered themselves able by divine power to heal those afflicted by the disease known as the King's Evil. The writer owns two touchpieces, one bear- ing the inscription ' jac. hi. d.g.m.b.f. et h.r.,' the other ' car. in. d.g.m.b.f. et h.r.,' both in silver instead of the gold which was always used in England. That of Charles is slightly the larger, and the angel is head down and the tail of the dragon is rather longer. On each medal are the words Soli Deo Gloria.
In the Pilgrim's Book of the English College in Rome there are various references to this gift of healing. For instance, here is an extract dated July 15, 1722 : ' 'Twas about this time that Henry Clark, watchmaker, came with a little boy about ten years of age who had to a great degree the King's Evil. His first design was only to enquire how he might get his little boy touched by his Majesty, but this was not the only effect ; for by God's Divine Providence his soul was illuminated and instead of his corporeal sight, which he had lost in Spain by a flash of lightning, he received, I hope, one far more estimable : his little child also was cured of his distemper.'
62 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
On August 21, 1749, in the same record, there is mention of a certain Peter Whittel,1 ' a Roman Catholic, a watch- maker by trade,' who after many adventures both at home and in Spain came at last to Italy, ' teized and plagued ' to do so by his wife, an Italian. Alas ! the Italians treated him badly and he reached Rome penniless ; however, the writer says : ' I made a memorandum for him to his Majesty, who was so good as to give him three Zecchines. This man had suffered much on account of his being so stiff a Jacobite, as likewise had all his family, and once his father drunk openly in ye Old Bailey ye health of his Royal Majesty King James, for which impudent action he was forced to pay 600 Pounds and put to a great deal of trouble likewise.'
The next section consists of letters from James and from Clementina, taken chiefly from the Vatican Archives.2 The Royal Stewarts were evidently on friendly terms with many of the noble Roman families, for we know that in addition to the Albani they visited the Piombino, Patrizi, Bolognetti and Doria Palaces. In 1739 Prince Doria gave a grand ball in their honour, at which Prince Charles Edward appeared in a kilt of his own tartan. The traveller Charles De Brosses mentions that both brothers were musical, the elder playing particularly well on the violoncello.3 In the private rooms of the Doria Palace there is an attractive portrait of James in. as a young man by La Belle, which is reproduced in this volume by the kind permission of Prince Doria.4
The will of James in., which is in the Vatican Archives, is dated November 21, 1760, and in it he mentions that,
1 Peter Whittel may have been of the same family as Ebenezer Whittel, who was the Duke of Mar's valet.
2 See pp. 93-"7-
3 Lettres ecrites d'ltalie iyjg-40.
4 Facing p. 55.
INTRODUCTION 63
' whereas in the beginning of the year 1744, when the Prince left Rome, we had a great number of papers, . . . we have already deposited the said papers in the English College of this City . . . and in the Monte di Pieta a box of jewels.' It is not unlikely that these jewels may have been those worn by Charlotte, Duchess of Albany, in after years, for there are various references to her appearing in public ' royally apparelled ' when she was living with her father in Rome.
The two letters 1 found in that part of the National Library which was taken over from the Jesuits after the Unification of Italy show that Prince Charles Edward was keenly anxious that the Pope should acknowledge his claim to the throne of his fathers. The humble attitude of mind cultivated by the Cardinal towards his elder brother is shown in the letter to their father about ' the Townhouse of Paris,' dated 1751. 2
In the print room of the Corsini Gallery in Rome there are many interesting portraits of the Royal Stewarts : several of Mary Queen of Scots ; one of Mary of Orange on horseback with a flourishing thistle growing out of a rose ; several of James in., generally called the Chevalier de Saint Georges ; and a copper engraving of Charles Edward by Nicholas Poilly, which represents the Prince standing on the shore and gazing at ships at sea, with this verse below :
' Edouard presque seul vole vers ses Etats Ses fortunes et ses droits accompagnent ses pas : Quel Prince mieux que lui pretend a la Couronne, Si le Sang la transmet, si la vertu la donne.'
(Vend a Paris 1747.)
1 See p. n8. 2 See p. 116.
64 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
Prince Charles Edward had an unhappy married life both in Florence and in Rome, but his last days were soothed by the care and attention of his daughter. The weather-vane of the Palazzo San Clementi (formerly Guadagni) where they lived in Florence still bears the royal initials ' C. R.' In 1786 they moved to Rome and settled in the Palazzo Muti in the Piazza S.S. Apostoli. In 1787 Charlotte was given entire charge of her father's affairs.1 He had one faithful friend, ' John Stewart, an Athol man,' 2 who re-
1 See p. 129.
2 John Stewart (whose father's name was James) is called by Prince Charles Edward in his will his ' Maestro di Casa,' and the bequest is made to him of one hundred ' Scudi Fiorentini ' a month, as well as a pleasant and convenient apartment in the Florentine palace, in recognition of his faithful and assiduous service. John Stewart married a Roman, Rosa Fiorani, and in 1787 their son Charles sought admission to the English College in Rome, his ' Protettore ' being Cardinal Corsini.
"When working in the Vatican during 1938 the writer was able to follow up the career of this Charles Stewart through the publication of a new pamphlet (not yet put into the library) relating to the Castellans of the Castle of Sant' Angelo. Charles became an officer in the Papal Army and rose to be Director of the Artillery School. He was generally esteemed, of an imposing figure, dignified yet simple. Pius ix. made him provisional Commandant of Sant' Angelo, and he was present when the Pope fled to Gaeta in 1848 and at the proclamation of the Republic. He remained in command until the French took the castle on July 3, 1848. He died at 104 Via Frattina, Rome, on December 27, 1864, and lies buried in the parish church of San Lorenzo in Lucina, in the left transept of which there are marble tablets to his memory and that of his wife, Marianna Pioli. The inscription to him is as follows : —
HIC JACET CAROLUS STUVART
ULTIMUS E STIRPE QUAE EXTURBATOS EX ANGLIA REGES
PER EXILIA ET EXPEDITIONES SEQUUTA
CUM CAROLO ODOARDO DUCE ROMAE DEMUM CONSEDIT
IN PONTIFICIA MILITIA BALLISTARIORUM REGIMEN TENUIT
IPSO CURANTE MUNITIONES CENTUMCELLARUM ADAUCTAE
URBIS ARCI PRAEFUIT
PLURIUM EQUITATUM INSIGNIA MERUIT
PATRIMONIO PAUPERIBUS DI TURNO FAMULATU SIBI ADDICTIS RELICTO
OBIT SEXTO KALENDAS JANUARIAS ANNI MDCCCLXV ANNOS NATUS LXXXVI
CORPUS EIUS VOLUNTATE PROPE ILLUD PRAEMORTUAE UXORIS HIC POSITUM
IN PACE DOMINI DIEM RESURRECTIONIS EXPECTAT
INTRODUCTION 65
mained with him to the very end and was with him when he died on January 30, 1788. After his death six altars were set up in the palace and two hundred masses were said during the thirty hours that elapsed before the body of Charles Edward Stewart was transferred in a horse litter to Frascati, where he was buried in his brother's cathedral.
Henry, Cardinal of York, evidently made himself much beloved in his diocese, and it is touching to find that even now there is a feeling of reverence and affection for him — more than a hundred years after his death. Pope Benedict xiv. decreed that he should be known as ' Serenissimus Cardinalis Dux Eboraci.' He restored the ancient fortress at Frascati, called the ' Rocca,' which had been presented to the see a few years previously by Benedict xiv. The Cardinal made it his episcopal palace and had many of the rooms painted by the Polish artist Thaddaus Kuntz (Taddeo Cunz), who also decorated the seminary at Frascati with frescoes depicting the life of the Virgin. Some of the Cardinal's furniture still remains, including a set of very fine leather chairs with his coat of arms. On the staircase an inscription recounts the fact that in October 1802 Pope Pius vii. ' showed his great benignity by being the guest of Henry, Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati, called the Duke of York. At dinner the Pope was seated between the Cardinal and Charles Emanuel iv., King of Sardinia, then in exile.' 1
In the latter part of the eighteenth century it was said in Rome that in the house of the Cardinal of York one could always be sure of a welcome and hospitality. On
1 See p. 122. Charles Emanuel, as great-grandson of Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans, was, after the Cardinal of York, the heir de jure to the throne of Britain. Henrietta, known as Minette, was the favourite sister of Charles n.
E
66 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
one occasion, at least, the Cardinal and the Duke of Sussex, son of George in., had a pleasant meeting, as we gather from the account given by an unknown witness and found by the writer in the Vatican Archives.1 The Cardinal began to form his famous library while he was still in the Cancel- leria in Rome. When he was transferred to Frascati, he naturally took it with him ; and there he had the very fine bookcases made which still adorn the seminary. They are of good architectural design, suited to the large hall, and they contain about fifteen thousand books, some of them of great value. There is a large collection of Bibles in many languages and numerous classical works as well as English books of that date, many of the latter untouched since the death of the Cardinal. His beautiful missal may be seen, bound in red velvet, with an artistic ' H ' on the outside in blue and gold ; also a charming Book of Hours bound in grey velvet with silver clasps and monogram, which had once belonged to Catherine de' Medici. There is an interesting old genealogical tree of the Stewart family, and there are a few old maps. The books bound in vellum are in fairly good condition, but those in leather are sadly in need of restoration. The fund created by the Cardinal for the maintenance of the library is no longer to be traced, and indeed may quite possibly have vanished when he had to flee to Naples and after- wards to Venice at the time of the French occupation of Rome in 1798.
A marble bust of the founder stands in the centre of the library ; there is an attractive easel picture by Kuntz of the Cardinal's patron saint, Henry, the Bavarian king who christianised Poland at the end of the tenth century.
1 See p. 124.
INTRODUCTION 67
Monsignor Angelo Cesarini, Titular Bishop of Milevi, the devoted friend and chaplain of the Cardinal of York, who made him executor of his will, evidently did his best to carry out his patron's wishes ; but it seems that while he was ill some of the precious papers and documents were lost, and certainly they did not all come to England as the Cardinal desired. The charming Villa Muti (then called Rocchi) belonged to Monsignor Cesarini. The garden is delightful with its low box hedges cut in elaborate geo- metrical patterns ; in the house itself is an interesting portrait of a cavalier in armour, holding a field-marshal's baton. Marchesa Muti says that this picture has always been called James n. of England, but it does not seem to resemble other portraits of him and there is no record of its provenance.
In the cathedral at Frascati are carefully preserved some magnificent vestments owned by the Cardinal and em- broidered in gold and silver. They are of somewhat the same style as the Paliotto at Montefiascone, and are only shown by special permission in the presence of two priests.
Henry Benedict, the last of the Royal House of Stewart, died at Frascati, on July 13, 1807. When his funeral took place in Rome, the body of Prince Charles Edward was re- moved from Frascati, and the two brothers were buried in the crypt of St. Peter's next to each other and beside their father, in a temporary tomb of concrete. In 1939 a stately tomb of breccia rosario was erected, with the Royal Crown in bronze. It was dedicated on March 17 by Cardinal Hinsley. Monsignor Budelacci, the Auxiliary Bishop of Frascati, who saw the coffins when they were being trans- ferred, told the writer that the original inscriptions were perfectly legible, each on its own plate, recording names and titles, and the seals with the Royal Arms were intact.
68 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
' La race des Stuarts a mis cent dix neuf ans a s'eteindre apres avoir perdu le trone qu'elle n'a jamais retrouve. Trois pretendants se sont transmis dans l'exil l'ombre d'une couronne ; ils avaient de l'intelligence et de courage, que leur a-t-il manque ? ' — (Chateaubriand).
HELEN CATHERINE STEWART.
NOTES FROM THE CHRONICLE OF THE CANONICO GHISELLI
In the University Archives at Bologna
Piacenza il di 2 Marzo (1717). II Principe Cavalier di San Giorgio stette la sera fuor di Piacenza e il Principe Duca di Parma ando a visitarlo ; parlavano Francese.
Arrivo in Bologna, Dimorra e Partenza di Giacomo Stuardo Principe di Galles, 13 Marzo 1717, incontrato di Don Carlo Albani.
£ un bel Monarcha, piutosto alto che basso, e ha molto sommiglianza col fu Duca Francesco suo zio.
Ruolo delle Persone, Treno ed Equipaggio della Maesta di Giacomo in. di Casa Stuarda, Re d'Inghilterra sotto nome di Cavaliere di San Giorgio.
Prima il Cavaliere di San Giorgio il Milord Duca di Ormond Landon Ten. Gen.
il nipote di Ormond monsu Bouro
Hond
Venn Seg. di Gabinetto
Guidi
Hoc Scudiere
della Torre „
Memoria — Un appartamento per il Re, in quel medesimo sia un Gabinetto ed una scala segreta ed una camera per li paggi al paso del medesimo. II secondo apparta- mento deve servire per il Duca d'Ormond. II Duca del Mar piu vicino che sia possibile aH'appartamento del Re.
Una o due per i paggi, una per il Maestro di Casa, non importa che le Famiglie siano fuori.
69
70 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
Lista dei Cavalieri a tavola — non si trova tra questi il Marchese del Maar, ma si e fermato a Sciambere (Cham- bery) con voce di pigliare certe acque.
Ormond
Seldon Ten. Gen.
Nipote del Ormond
.... (illegible)
• ' • • 5>
Venn Seg. di Gabinetto
Hoc Scudiere
de la Torre „
Guidi Seg. di Ormond
Vadesor
II Duca di Ormond ando a vedere diversi Portici, e San Michele. Dicono tutt'essi Inglesi che si figuravano essere piu bella Bologna che Pesaro.
In Modena il Duca incontro il Re.
La Dnchessa d'Annover,1 parente del Re inglese usur- patore regnante, fece gran complimenti al Re Giacomo, che con volto sereno le disse che non si affaticasse perche non ha luogo di prestarvi fede.
{Translation)
Piacenza 2 March (1717). The Chevalier de Saint Georges spent the night outside Piacenza ; the Duke of Parma visited him ; they spoke French.
Arrival in Bologna, stay and departure of James Stuart, Prince of Wales, 13 March 1717, met by Don Carlo Albani.
He is a handsome monarch, rather tall than short and bears a great resemblance to his late uncle Duke Francis.
List of persons and retinue of His Majesty James in. of the House of Stuart, King of England, under the name of Chevalier de Saint Georges.
[The names follow.]
1 ' La Duchessa d'Annover ' may have been the sister of George I., or his daughter, both named Sophia, or, more probably, the Duchess of Brunswick, mother-in-law of Rinaldo, reigning Duke of Modena.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 71
Note : An apartment for the King, in which must be a cabinet and a secret stair, and a room for the pages quite near. The second apartment is for the Duke of Ormond. The Duke of Mar as close as possible to the King's apartment.
One or two for the pages, one for the Master of the House- hold ; no matter if the Servants are outside.
List of Courtiers at table ; the Marquis of Mar is not here, he has stopped at Chambery, rumour says to take certain waters.
[The names follow.]
The Duke of Ormond went to see several arcades and also San Michele. All these English say that they considered Bologna to be more beautiful than Pesaro.
In Modena the Duke met the King.
The Duchess of Hanover, a relation of the reigning usurper King of England, paid great compliments to King James, who with a serene expression told her that she need not trouble herself, because he was not inclined to believe her.
NOTES FROM THE PAPERS OF CARDINAL TOMMASO RUFFI, BISHOP OF FERRARA AND OF THE CITY AND DISTRICT OF BOLOGNA
In the University Archives at Bologna
1717 Sett. 19 Sabato. Questa mattina vi e stato all'u- dienza di S.E.il Cavaliere Spedizioniere dal Re d'Inghilterra da Urbino, trattato da S. E. a colazione.
1717 Ott. 17 Domenica. Milord Peterburgo x questa mattina, dopo essere ritornato ieri sera dal Forte Urbano dove era stato condotto per il sospetto anno che potesse machinare la morte al Re d'Inghilterra che sta ad Urbino, e stato a visitare S. E. che l'ha trattato conforme il Gon- faloniere con darle Udienza sotto il Baldachino, e l'ha fatto servire d'una carozza, ed e stato a pranzo con S. E.
1 Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, had commanded the Allied army in Spain, 1705-7, where he fought against the Duke of Berwick. He died at Lisbon in 1735.
72 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
1727 Giugno 26. Sua Eminenza e stata al Palazzo Ala- mandini dal Re d'Inghilterra.
1727 Giugno 27. Questa mattina S. E. e stata alia rigita (?) del Re d'Inghilterra, avendo concluso l'acco- modamento tra il Re e la Regina.
1727 Luglio 4. Dopo pranzo essendo S. E. a caminare sotto gli Portici di San Luca, il Re e stato a ritrovarlo ad un'ora di notte, e partito dicesi andare incontro alia Regina sua Consorte che si porta a Bologna.
1727 Luglio 12. Sua Maesta a ore 5 e giunta alia Villa Degli Alamandini alia Croce di Biasco, senza nessun ricordo.
(Translation)
1717 Sept. 19 Saturday. This morning His Eminence received in audience the Commissioner of the King of Encr- land from Urbino, and he remained to luncheon.
Oct. 17 Sunday. This morning Lord Peterborough came to visit His Eminence, having returned yesterday evening from the Forte Urbano, where he had been taken on suspicion that he was plotting the death of the King of England who is at Urbino. His Eminence treated him according to the wishes of the Magistrates, giving him audience under the Baldachino, and after he had dined with His Eminence the Cardinal pro- vided him with a carriage.
1727 June 26. His Eminence went to visit the King of England at the Alamandini Palace.
June 27. This morning His Eminence went to the recep- tion of the King of England, having concluded the reconcilia- tion between the King and Queen.
July 4. After dinner as His Eminence was walking under the Arcades of San Luca the King came to visit him at one o'clock, and left, it is said, to meet the Queen his Consort who was arriving at Bologna.
July 12. At five o'clock His Majesty arrived at the Villa Alamandini, but left no message.
BOOK OF MINIATURES RELATING TO THE ROYAL STEWARTS TAKEN FROM ' INSIGNIA DEGLI ANZIANI,' VOLUME XIII
In the State Archives of Bologna
1717 Marzo-Aprile. Ricevimento solenne alle confine dello Stato Pontificio del pretendente al trono d'lnghil- terra, Giacomo in., da Carlo Albani, nipote del Papa.
(Solemn reception at the frontier of the Pontifical State of the Pretender to the throne of England, James in., by Carlo Albani, nephew of the Pope.)
The picture shows a group of cavaliers landing from a boat. James is dressed in grey with a small black hat and a cane, his shoes are tied with scarlet and he wears a flowing wig ; he is received by Don Carlo Albani in bright blue with a gold waistcoat who is handing him a paper. An angel in yellow in the sky holds two flags, one with the Royal Arms of England, the other with the crest of the Albani family ; cherubs are bearing aloft a cardinal's hat ; to the right is another group and a red silk tent with a coach beyond and two buglers on horseback.
JACOBI III MAGNAE BRITANNIAE REGIS ADVENTUS A CAROLO ALBANI NOMINE PONTIFICIS IN FINIBUS BONONIENSIUM EXCEPTI
1721 Gennaio-Febbraio. La moglie di Giacomo in. pre- tendente al trono d'Inghilterra offre il primogenito neonato a tre cardinali per la conversione alia fede cattolica. Due gruppi di complessamente 18 persone.1
1 This is reproduced in Edith E. Coulson James : Bologna (London, 1909).
73
74 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
(The wife of James in., Pretender to the throne of England, offers her firstborn to three cardinals for his conversion to the Catholic Faith. Two groups of altogether 18 persons.)
A room with red damask walls, four candelabra with three candles lighted ; in the centre Clemen- tina, in pale green and gold with flowing sleeves, holds the baby (who is swaddled and wears a cap) towards a cardinal wearing a long grey robe with a red cap, cloak and stockings and black shoes. One lady is in blue with a cross on a chain round her neck. The King is in red with a sword and his hat under his arm ; there are various courtiers.
SERENISSIMO JACOBI ANGLIAE REGIS
AD NOVUM ORTODOXAE FIDEI AUGMENTUM ET DECUS
PRIMOGENITO
COLLAETANTUR ANTIANI CONSULES PRIMI BIMESTRIS
ANNI 1721
1725 Battesimo del secondogenito del pretendente al trono d'Inghilterra Giacomo in. e di Clementina Sobiesky nella cappella di Santa Marta da Papa Benedetto xm.
(Baptism of the second son of the Pretender to the throne of England, James in., and of Clementina Sobieska, in the chapel of Santa Marta, by Pope Benedict xm.)
This picture shows a church with a painting of the Virgin and Child over the altar and a praying saint. A lady in blue with a white cap is offering the baby to the Pope, who is dressed in white edged with lace and wears red shoes ; his cope is gold lined with green, and his cap is a close red one ; he pours water from a shell on the baby's head over a large blue vase. Some car- dinals and a few courtiers are present, and Charles Edward, a little child in a long blue frock, is being held by a gentleman in brown who, bending down, points to the Pope ; James and Clemen- tina, arm in arm, enter the room, she in green, he in brown.
Gli Anziani del secondo bimestre dell'anno 1725 hanno creduto degno di Memoria il felice Successo del Parto
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 75
d'un secondogenito dato in luce alii 6 di Marzo dalla Maesta della Regina Brittanica Clementina Subieschi, e nello stesso giorno, fu dalla Santita del Regnante Pontefice Benedetto xiii. Battezato nella Cappella di S. Marta con li nomi di Enrico Benedetto Maria, e nella stessa Occasione fece il Papa le solenni Cerimonie della Chiesa sovra il Regio Principe di Galles Primogenito del Re Giacomo in. d'Inghilterra cui da Monsignore Bonaventura Vescovo di Montefiascone era stata data l'Acqua del Battesimo nel Suo Nascere. Cosi Dio feliciti i communi desiderii nel Conseguimento della perduta Corona pel Trionfo maggiore della nostra Santa Religione.
(The Councillors for the second two-monthly period of the year 1725 have thought worthy of memory the happy event of the birth of a second son born on the 6th of March to Her Majesty the British Queen, Clementina Sobieska, and baptized on the same day by the reigning Pontiff Benedict xiii. in the Chapel of Santa Marta. On the same occasion the Pope performed the solemn ceremonies of the Church upon the Royal Prince of Wales, the firstborn of King James in. of England, who had been baptized at his birth by Monsignor Bonaventura, Bishop of Montefiascone. Thus may God give happy effect to our common desire in the recovery of the lost Crown for the greater triumph of our Holy Religion.)
1726 Settembre-Ottobre. Gli Anziani si congratulano dell'arrivo dei predendenti al trono d'Inghilterra.1
(The Councillors welcome the Pretenders to the throne of England on their arrival.)
James is in brown with the ribbon of the Garter and a black hat, and is received by eight gentle- men in black, all with long white wigs ; the walls of the room are hung with red damask. The little Prince is in scarlet with a black hat, and
1 Reproduced in Edith E. Coulson James: Bologna (London, 1909), where the lady is said to be ' the Contessa Pepoli, the bride of the occasion ' (p. 87).
76 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
Clementina, who wears blue, is holding the baby. The Fleur-de-Lys is painted in the centre and at one side the British Royal Arms with the words :
REGALIS ANGLIAE FAMIGLIAE ADVENTUM GRATULANTUR S.P.Q.B.
1726 Novembre-Dicembre. Festa da ballo con il Prin- cipe di Galles e il pretendente al trono d'Inghilterra.
(A ball, with the Prince of Wales and the Pretender to the throne of England.)
James, seated on a throne in the midst of courtiers, watches the Prince, who wears red, dancing with a lady in blue.
1729 Maggio-Giugno. II Pretendente al trono d'Inghil- terra riceve in un salone drappeggiato di rosso i legati bolognesi prima del suo viaggio per Roma.
(The Pretender to the throne of England receives the Legates of Bologna in a saloon hung with red before his departure for Rome.)
James and Clementina are standing to receive the Councillors and are attended by five ladies and one man.
FELICISSIMUM ITER ROMAM VERSUS
REGINAE BRITANNIAE
BONONIENSES LEGATI INAUGURANTUR
ESTRATTO DELLA STORIA D'URBINO dell' ABBATE RICCIARDELLI NEL-
l'archivio dell' universita d'urbino
Sebastiano Pompilio, nato 1660, fratello di Alessandro Bonaventura :
Alessandro viii. Papa, lo cred vescovo di Gubbio 1690 ; Clemente xi. nel 1706 lo pose al governo di Montefiascone e Corneto. Questo Vescovo infra tant'altri dallo stato ponte- ficio, ebbe Ponore d'essere trascelto per la solenne funzione di sposare Giacomo Re d'Inghilterra a Maria Clementina Sobieski, il che fece con gravissima pompa nella cappella del suo vescovado di Montefiascone e contestano exter- nando un tal fatto due iscrizioni lapidarie che leggonsi nella sala dell'avida sua abitazione e nell'Episcopio di Montefiascone ; e l'anno venturo fu chiamato a Roma il detto vescovo per battezzare il reale germe frutto di queste eseguite nozze, il qual Re Giacomo da Roma venendo in Urbino fu accolto per via in Soriano dal nostro Cardinale Annibale e dai due fratelli Carlo e Alessandro Albani.
{Translation)
Sebastiano Pompilio, born 1660, brother of Alessandro Bona- ventura :
Pope Alexander viii. created him Bishop of Gubbio 1690 ; Clement xi. in 1706 put him to govern Montefiascone and Corneto. This bishop, amongst many other honours from the Pontifical State, had that of being chosen for the solemn function of marrying James King of England to Maria Clemen- tina Sobieska, which he did with great pomp in the chapel of his Episcopal Palace at Montefiascone, and this event is attested by two lapidary inscriptions which may be read in the hall of his family dwelling and in the Bishop's Palace at Montefiascone ; and the following year the said Bishop was
77
78 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
called to Rome to baptize the royal issue of the marriage. The said King James coming to Urbino from Rome was met on the way at Soriano by our Cardinal Annibale and by his two brothers, Carlo and Alessandro Albani.
Inscription in the Episcopal Palace at Montefiascone.
authoritate et auspiciis
clementis xi pont max
in hoc cubicolo
sebastianus pompilius bona ventura
montis falisci et corneti episcopus
sacro ecclesiae ritu
jacobum iii britanniae regem
et mariam clementiniam sobieski
inclyt mem joannis iii poloniae regis
ex jacobo filio neptem
connubio iunxit
kalendis septembris anno sal mdccxix
atque ad perennem rei gestae memoriam
monumentum posuit
EORUNDEM REGIORUM CONIUGUM
FILIUM PRIMOGENITUM
PRAEDICTUS EPISCOPUS
INTER EFFUSAS EXULTANTIS POPULI GRATULATIONES
IN ALMA URBE
SACRIS BAPTISMI AQUIS ABLUIT
POSTREMA DIE ANNI MDCCXX
ESTRATTI DAL DIARIO DELLE COSE DI URBINO DAL- L'ANNO 1718 DI GIOVANNI FORTINARIO GUEROLI PUCCI D'URBINO SULLA VENUTA, PERMANENZA E PARTENZA DEL RE DALLA GRAN BRETAGNA GIACOMO III. STUARDA IN URBINO E QUINDI ANCHE IL RITTORNO DEL DETTO MONARCA IN URBINO CON CLEMENTINA SOBIESKI SUA SPOSA MA DI PASSAGGIO.
Giacomo in., Stuardo, di gia succeduto nelle raggioni sulla Gran Bretagna a suo Padre Giacomo n. morto li 16 Settembre del 1701 in Francia ove erasi rifugiato colla Reale sua famiglia ne grandissime torbidi del proprio Regno e dove venne da Luigi xiv. accolto ed assistito colle potente sue forze fino li primo Novembre del 1715 (quando ?) cesso il monarca francese di vivere ; finalmente cosi volendo le imperioze politiche circostanze dovette il detto Giacomo in. ne primi anni del Regno di Luigi xv. partirsene dalla Francia, e ricovrarsi in Italia, dove dal Papa Clemente xi. chiamato ed accolto con paterno amore in Roma, gli offerse Urbino sua Patria a maggior sicurezza dalla Reale Sua Persona, quale offerta il Re Giacomo ben volentieri avendo accettato se ne venne ad abitare in Urbino e qui incomincia il Diario del sopradetto Gueroli Pucci.
Li 11 Luglio 1718 (1717) giorno di Domenica soleniz- ziandosi dalle moniale di Santa Chiara di Urbino la festa di Sant'Amadeo giunse nella detta citta di Urbino la sacra maesta di Giacomo in., Re dalla Gran Bretagna, il quale fin da fanciullo esule dal suo Trono fu portato in Francia
79
80 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
appresso Luigi xiv. da cui sempre con sovrano cordiale affetto assistito avendo tentato tutto il possibile per ristabilirlo sul Trono, sebbene in vano, convenneli dopo la morte di quel monarca francese allontanarsi e partire di Francia, onde togliere ogni gelosia a Giorgio I. d'Annover usurpatore del paterno suo Regno, il quale fino dalli 31 Ottobre del 1714 ne fu connalo (?) Re e dovette ricono- scerlo anche la Francia, giusta il trattato d'Utrecht. Sicche Giacomo in. si ritiro in Avignone ove venne accolto con tutta la magnificenza per ordine del nostro Pontefice Clemente xi. ; ma poiche le turbolenze continovavano in Inghilterra, ed anche il Re Giorgio vi e piu posto in aggres- sione prendene maggior merte occasione di perseguitarlo onde assicurarsi sul rapito Trono Britannico e ben ravisando la Santita di Nostro Signore il gran Pericolo di questo sventurato sovrano, gli propose lo Stato Ecclesiastico nel quale si elegesse egli per suo soggiorno qualunque citta piu le fosse piaciuto, consigliandolo pero ad appigliarsi alio Stato d'Urbino per maggiormente allontanarsi e per procurargli ad una maggior sicurezza, sicche per incontrare il Genio della Santita Sua e per insieme dimostrarne il suo gradimento, scelse la maesta sua per soggiorno la stessa citta d'Urbino, onde per tal circostanza il Santo Padre spedi da Roma ad incontrarlo il suo degnissimo nipote Don Carlo Albani ai conflni dello Stato Ponteficio, il quale pertanto si tratenne in Urbino finche ebbe la nuova del avvicinanza ai detti confini dalla sudetta Reale Maesta, e al tempo stesso per ordine del Papa licenzio da questa Legazione l'Eminentissimo Cardinale Bavia Bolognese che ne era Legato, dichiarandolo Legato di Romagna.
Giunse S. M. in Pesaro li 11 Luglio 1718 (1717) accom- pagnato dall'Ecc.mo Signor Don Carlo Albani, dalli Signori Duchi d'Ormond, di Mar, di Pert, ed altri Milordi e Signori Inglesi e Cavalieri tutti quasi Scozzesi. II Signor Don Carlo Albani poi si licenzio dalla Sua Maesta e si venne in Urbino. Sua Santita aveva gia mandato da Roma
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 81
in Urbino tutto il bisognevole per bene addobare il Palazzo Ducale Apostolico come si effettud coll'assistenza del detto Principe Don Carlo Albani, poiche erano venuti da Roma anche due Apparatori.
Fra tanto la Maesta Sua voile trovarsi in Roma per la festa di San Pietro come gia si effetud dalla medesima in privata forma sotto il nome di Cavaliere di San Giorgio ; cid nonostante fu egli ricevuto, trattato, e riconosciuto dal Santo Padre per quello che egli era.
Dopo la sudetta Festa di San Pietro il detto Monarca se ne venne a stare in Urbino ove giunse (come sopra dicemmo) il 11 Luglio 1718 (1717) essendo giorno di Domenica sulle ore 22 (?) in privata forma ricusando ogni fastigioso incontro. Giunse egli adunque in Urbino in un legno svimmero tirato da tre cavalli, in compagnia di un suo confidente. Fu per altro incontrato al Portone del Palazzo Ducale da Monsignor Presidente Salviati e da tutta la nobilita Urbinate abbenche fosse stata quasi improvisa la sua venuta, ed accompagnato ch'egli fu al nobilissimo appartamento ritirasse nelle sue camere.
II di seguente 13 (12 ?) Luglio Sua Maesta sorti in carozza accompagnato sino al Portone del Palazzo Ducale dalla Nobilita tutta di Urbino, e dopo l'ossequi la sua Nobilita a cavallo accompagnandola ovunque si fosse recato, e cosi ogni giorno facevasi, andando la Maesta Sua al passo che
era sulle ore 22.
* * *
Ogni mattina la Maesta Sua si e portata al detto corretto in Duomo udir la Messa e sempre vi e andata la nostra Nobilta a servirla con questo ordine — quella della citta andando avanti alia Sua Maesta e dietro a quella li propri cavaglieri, e quei che non erano Catolici si restavano nella Sala del Magnifico.
II piu delle sue gite erano ai Capuccini ove si divertiva nel Orto superiore colla caccia di Lepre con li suoi piccoli ma bravi cagnolini Danesi. Se ne andava talvolta anche
F
82 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
al Convento dei Padri di san Bernardino fuori di citta anch'esso. Qualche volta si portd a quello dei Padri Car- melitani, e quando si sentiva genio di cavalcare se ne andava verso Chamoscione, sortendo per Porta Santa Lucia.
* * *
II di di 30 (Novembre) Sua Maesta si reco alia Bene- dizione alia chiesa di Sant 'Andrea Apostolo per esservi stato invitato da Signor Rossi. Siccome la mattina di detto giorno era il di festivo del detto Santo Apostolo e la sudetta Maesta aveva fatte le sue divozioni, sendo il detto Santo Protettore della Scozia, la detta sera non ando a Conversazione.
* * *
In queste note in carta volante trovata in un libro da decreti nell' archivio dalla nostra citta sonovi alcuni linea di carattere del Padre Vernaccia chi scrisse queste note ; certo non le ha scritte con la debita ortografia.
(Translation)
Extracts from the Diary of the Affairs of Urbino for the Year 1718 of Giovanni Fortinario Gueroli Pucci of Urbino about the Arrival, Stay and Departure of the King of Great Britain James in., Stuart, in Urbino and also the return of the said Monarch to Urbino on a visit with his wife Clementina Sobieska.
James in., Stuart, having already succeeded to the legal rights over Great Britain of his father James n., who died on September 16, 1701, in France, where he had taken refuge with the Royal Family in the midst of the great disturbances in his own Kingdom, was received and assisted by Louis xiv. with his powerful forces, until the death of the French King on the 1st of November 1715 ; finally, owing to the pressure of political circumstances, the said James in., in the first years of the reign of Louis xv., had to depart from France and take refuge in Italy, where Pope Clement xi., having summoned and received
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 83
him with paternal love in Rome, offered him his native town of LTrbino for the greater securitv of his Roval Person, which offer King James having willingly accepted, he came to live in Urbino, and here begins the Diary of the aforesaid Gueroli Pucci.
On Sunday July 11, 1717, when the Feast of Sant'Amadeo was being celebrated by the nuns of Sta. Chiara in Urbino, the Sacred Majesty of James in., King of Great Britain, arrived in the said city of Urbino ; since childhood he had been an exile from his Throne, living in France under the protection of Louis xiv., who had always treated him with royal and cordial affection, and tried every possible means to restore him to his Throne, but in vain ; it was necessary for him after the death of the French Monarch, to absent himself and quit France, in order to remove any jealousy from George I. of Hanover the usurper of his paternal Kingdom, who, from the 31 October 1714 was known as King and Avas recognized as such, even by France, according to the Treaty of Utrecht. So that James in. retired to Avignon where he was received with all magnificence by order of our Pontiff Clement xi. ; but as the disturbances continued in England, and also King George became more aggressive, taking every occasion to persecute him in order to secure himself on the British Throne, which he had ravished, our Lord the Pope, well realizing the great peril of this unfortunate sovereign, therefore offered him a residence in whichever of the Papal States he might choose and in whatever city pleased him best, advising him however to establish himself in the State of Urbino to put himself at a greater distance and to procure greater safety. Therefore to meet the wishes of His Holiness and at the same time to show his pleasure, His Majesty chose for his stay this same town of Urbino where the Holy Father sent his most worthy nephew Don Carlo Albani for this reason to the frontier of the Pontifical State to meet him, who however remained in Urbino until he had news of the near approach to the frontier of the above mentioned Royal Majesty, and at the same time by order of the Pope he dismissed from this Legation the most Eminent Cardinal Bavia Bolognese who had been Legate there, making him Legate of Romagna.
* * *
His Majesty arrived in Pesaro the 11 July 1718 (1717) accom- panied by the most excellent Don Carlo Albani, by the Dukes of
84 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
Ormond, of Mar, of Perth, and by other English Lords and gentlemen, nearly all of them Scottish. Don Carlo Albani then took leave of His Majesty, who came to Urbino. His Holiness had already sent from Rome to Urbino everything necessary to furnish the Ducal and Apostolic Palace, which was accomplished with the help of the said Prince, Don Carlo Albani, for already two house-decorators had come from Rome for the purpose.
As His Majesty wished to be in Rome for the Feast of St. Peter, he did this privately under the name of Chev- alier de St. Georges ; notwithstanding this, he was received, treated and recognized by the Holy Father for what he really was.
After the above mentioned Feast of St. Peter the said Monarch came to live in Urbino, where he arrived (as we said before) on the 11 of July 1718 (1717), being a Sunday, at the hour of 22 o'clock, very quietly, refusing a State reception. He came to the city then in a carriage drawn by three horses accompanied by a confidant of his. He was met at the door of the Ducal Palace by Monsignor Salviati and by all the Nobles of Urbino, although his arrival was almost unexpected, and they escorted him to the fine apartment and he retired into his own rooms. The following day 12 July His Majesty drove out in a carriage, accompanied by all the Nobles of Urbino as far as the principal doorway of the Ducal Palace, and after they had paid their respects, he was accompanied by his own Courtiers on horse- back wherever he went, and this happened every day, His Majesty going out always at the same hour.
Each morning His Majesty was carried to the Choir in the Cathedral to hear Mass and our Nobles always went to serve him in the following order : those of the city going before His Majesty and his own gentlemen behind him, whilst those who were not Catholic remained in the ' Hall of the Magnificent.'
His most usual expedition was to the Cappuccini Monastery, in the orchard of which he amused himself hunting the hare with his two clever little Danish dogs. Occasionally also he went to the Convent of the Bernardini Fathers, which was also
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 85
outside the town, or else to that of the Carmelite Fathers, and when he felt in the mood for riding he chose the road towards Camoscione, leaving Urbino by Porta Sta. Lucia.
On the 30th day of November His Majesty went to Benediction at the church of St. Andrew Apostle, having been invited there by Signor Rossi. As the morning of that day was the Festival of the said Apostle and His Majesty had made his devotions, because the said Saint is the Protector of Scotland, that evening he did not hold a reception.
These notes on a fly sheet were found in a book of decrees in the archives of our city. There are some lines in the char- acters of Father Vernaccia who wrote these notes. Certain it is that he did not write them in the proper spelling.
List of the Lords and Gentlemen with James hi. at Urbino in 1717-1718
Duca di Mar Segretario di Stato
Duca di Pert (Perth) Maggioredomo Maggiore
Milord Delmur del Seguito
Clermont „ „
Nisdel (Nithsdale) „ ,,
Chiston Cavaliere di Guerra
Glisson del Seguito
Odoardo ,, ,,
Witton (Wintoun) ,, ,,
Ghilsero ,, „
Sothesch (South- ,, ,, esk)
„ Dewenhier (Der- ,, ,, wentwater)
Mons. E.G. Scudiere
86
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
Chev. Giovanni Preston Mons. Kambron (Cam- eron)
„ de Futtre
„ Schildon (Sheldon)
„ Merni
„ Damooss
,, Cliss
,, Eschin
„ Bout
,, Macmar
,, Lambert
„ Forster
,, Bavamo
„ Karneghe (Car- negie) Col. Stuarda (Stewart) Mons. Mospan Filbert
,, Crem
„ Strindam Capt. Oubrioni
(O'Bryen) Col. Broke Mons. Bolmer
,, Vornus
,, Bricton
„ Mor (Moir)
„ Luigi La moglie di Milord Nisdel
(Lady Nithsdale) La moglie di Mons. C. S. Mons. Sceldon (Sheldon) Conte Metellan Lauder- dale (Maitland) Mons. Luigi Nerni Padre Maestro le Brun
(Brown)
Consigliere Colonello
Cavallerizo Maestro di Stalla Seg. di Gabinetto
j>
Cav. Tesoriere
del Seguito
Mag. domo e Spedizionere
del Seguito e Colonello
Generale di mare e di terra
Amministratore
del Segretario
5> 5»
Spediz. di S. M. B. del Segretario
5> 5J
Dottore
del Seg. e Confidente del Re. Segr. del Duca di Mar.
Ajo del S. M. B.
(mori in Urbino)
Figlio di Seg. di Gabinetto Domenicano, Confessore di S. M. B.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 87
Inscription in a Corridor of the Seminary
at Urbino hic situs est.
alexander metelanus scotus ex comitibus de lauderdale qui jacobi iii m. britanniae regis causam foras fortunam amplexus frater tertius in exilio obiit vii septembris mdccxvii vixit annos xlvii menses x dies iii et pius in patriam fidus regique deoque mente manuque celer hic metelanus adest pro patria haud paucos forti pro rege labores pectore sustinuit fidus et exul obit pro simili causa pro tanto rege viator optares frustra vivere sive mori x
1 Alexander Maitland was the fifth son of Charles, third Earl of Lauder- dale. (Scots Peerage, v. 308.)
LETTRE DU DUC d'hANNOVER A L'EMPEREUR x SUR
l'evasion de la reine d'angleterre
La bonne foy avec laquelle je traite avec Votre Majeste devait me meriter ce semble quelque avis sur la fuite de la Princesse Sobieski d'Ispruch. J'ai ete un des derniers de Londres a l'apprendre. C'etait il impossible de m'envoyer un courier en Hollande ? V. M. sait pourtant bien que le mariage du Pretendant n'est pas une chose indifferente pour moy et pour mes alliez et Ton ne doit l'envisager a Vienne que sur ce pied la, il y a de moments dans les affaires qu'on neglige qui ouvrent un chemin a bien des entreprises aux quelles il n'est plus bien de remedier comme il arrive dans celle cy.
Le Pretendant passe les Montagnes et les Mers par le secour de ses allies avec une facilite qui peut deconcerter nos mesures, et les miennes, il est aise de voir qu'il ne s'endort pas sur ses interets : rien ne me doit enfin et ne peut me toucher de plus prest que ce Mariage qui trouble tout le repos de'Angleterre. J'en doist prevenir le suite dangereux.
Ce Royaume qui est partage entre luy et moy peut allumer un feu que votre prudence et la mienne auront bien de la peine a l'eteindre L'Angleterre est un theatre sanglant ou les factions se reveillent souvant et ces peuples ayment a changer de maitre ainsi V. M. doit prevoir qu'il arrive des choses que la sagesse des conseils ne peut pas tou jours mettre d'accord.
S'il arrive quelque changement dans l'Etat par ce mariage V. M. apercevra trop tard que je ne luy etais plus
1 George i. to Charles vi. 88
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 89
utile a Londre qu'a Breme.1 II y a au reste une belle confusion dans la fuitte de la Princesse Sobieschi que je ne scais de quel cote je la puis prendre. II n'y a qu'un milieu pour detromper l'Angleterre, qui est de chasser de vos estats le Prince Jacques Sobieschi. Vos ordres ont deja a ce que je crois, prevenu sur cela mes desirs. C'est un affaire qui ne souffre aucun delay, n'y aucun temperament.
L'Espagne paraissait abattue par ces pertes de la cam- pagne passee,2 il avait semblait qu'on aurait du bon marche avec les espagnols, mais l'armee du Marquis de Lede, qui subsiste aupres de Melazzo a trouve le secret de diminuer celle de V. M. Tout cela laisse l'Europe dans ['incertitude de ce qui peut arriver entre votre couronne et celle d'Espagne. Le succes des armes eleve et abaisse et on ne peut qu'im- prudament confer sur les evenements. Le Ministre 3 du Roi Philipe est vif ardent. C'est un homme qui a passe par tous les degrez de la fortune, il s'eleve et devient toujours plus inaccessible au Ministre qui lui propose la paix.
L'Arrivee du Pretendant en Espagne a grossis les esper- ances. Les Rebelles d'Ecosse levent la tete malgre les soins que j'ai toujours pris de les abattre.4 lis esperent et j'apprens que les contenances sont deja change depuis que le Prince est sur les confins de la Galicie, et que la Princesse qui lui est destinee est echappee d'Ispruch. J'avais toujours souhaite qu'elle retournat en Silesie. V. M. m'avait fait sur ce point une promesse solemnelle. Dilon ° aurait vu avorter ses pratiques, ou serait plus tranquille. Je ne doute point que des menees de la Cour
1 Hanoverian troops had occupied Bremen in 1715 and by the Quadruple Alliance of 1718 the Emperor had guaranteed George's possession of it.
2 A French Army invaded Spain in April 1719. Philip v. had not troops to oppose it, for many of his soldiers were in Sicily. The Spanish forces in Sicily were commanded by the Marquis de Leda, who defeated the Austrians at Francavilla on June 27th.
3 Cardinal Alberoni.
4 They were beaten at Glenshiel a few weeks later. See The Jacobite Attempt of i7ig, edited by W. K. Dickson (S.H.S., 1895).
6 Arthur Dillon (1670-1733) was the agent of James Edward at Paris.
90 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
de Rome pour la consommation de ce mariage, die a deja beaucoup gagne puis qu'elle tient en depot cette Princesse qui ne manque ni d'esprit n'y d'adresse pour faire reussir ses desseins. On scait qu'elle avait bien regler les pas de la sortie d'Ispruch.
Tous ces maux qu'on craint viennent du depart du Pretendant de Rome. II ne devait jamais passer sous les yeux de vos Ministres, pour aller en Espagne comme il a fait, il fallait veillir a la fuite. En cela V. M. a ete mal servi et ses ordres mal executes. II est vrai qu'il est dans l'innaction sur les confins de l'Espagne mais les partisans ne le sont pas sur les frames, et les complots qui se forment icy pour inquieter le dedans du Royaume. Le Regent de France fait des efforts considerables pour V. M. et pour le repos de ma couromie, mais il a des ennemis. L'Espagne lui en suscite tous les jours, muets et impuissants jusqu'a present ; mais l'Etat qu'il renverse indispose les peuples. II y a tout a apprehender, une etincelle peut allumer un grand feu, il n'a pas tenu au Cardinal Alberony que la chose ne soit pas deja arrivee. V. M. trouvera que je pousse mes reflections assez loin, je me fais un plaisir de vous l'exposer, quelque sujet que j'aye de me plaindre de la negligeance de vos Ministres. Je suis toujours dans la resolution de ne rien changer au plan de l'alliance contracted avec V. M. a ordre de vous donner part de mon voyage dans mes etats.
Je conserverai toujours pour V. M. Imperiale l'attache- ment le plus inviolable. Je finis en l'assurant de ma parfaite amitie ; et je suis de V. M. Imperiale
George Roy.
Dans mon passage de Hollande.1
(Translation)
LETTER FROM THE DUKE OF HANOVER TO THE EMPEROR REGARDING THE ESCAPE OF THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND
It seems to me that the wood faith with which I treat with
1 This must have been written within a few days of May n, 1719, when George left England for Hanover.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 91
Your Majesty should have deserved some news about the flight of the Princess Sobieski from Innsbruck. I was one of the last in London to hear of it. Was it impossible to send a courier to me in Holland ? Your Majesty knows well that the marriage of the Pretender is a matter far from indifferent to me and to my allies, and at Vienna it should be considered only in this light ; there are neglected moments in public affairs that open the way to many enterprizes for which there may be no remedy, as in this present case.
The Pretender passes mountains and seas by the help of his allies with a facility which may baffle our measures, and it is easy to see that he is not blind to his own interests ; nothing can or ought to touch me more closely than this marriage, which troubles the repose of all England. I must foresee the dangerous consequences of it.
This Kingdom which is divided betwixt him and me may light a fire that both your prudence and mine would have great difficulty in extinguishing. England is a bloody theatre where factions often arise and these peoples love a change of master, thus Your Majesty may anticipate that something may happen which wise advice may not be able to adjust.
If some change in the State should take place through this marriage Your Majesty will perceive too late that I was more useful to you in London than at Bremen. There is after all so much confusion concerning the flight of the Princess Sobieski that I hardly know how to take it ; there is only one way to undeceive England, which is to chase from your dominions Prince James Sobieski. Your orders will already I trust have anticipated my desires. It is an affair which brooks of no delay nor of any temporizing.
Spain seemed beaten by these losses of the past campaign and one might have made a good bargain with the Spaniards, but the Army of the Marquis de Lede, which is in force near Melazzo, has found the secret of decreasing the Army of Your Majesty. All this leaves Europe in uncertainty of what may happen between your crown and that of Spain. Success of Arms rises and falls, and it would be but imprudent to count on the issue. The Minister of King Philip is alert and ardent ; he is a man who has passed through all phases of fortune ; he is asserting himself and becomes ever more inaccessible to the Minister who proposes Peace to him.
The arrival of the Pretender in S]i>ain has raised hopes. The
92 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
Scottish Rebels lift their heads notwithstanding the care I have always taken to put them down. They are still hoping, and I learn that their demeanour has changed since the Prince is on the borders of Galicia and the Princess destined for him has escaped from Innsbruck. I had always hoped that she would return to Silesia. Your Majesty had given me a solemn promise on this point. Dilon would have seen his dealings miscarry or he would be more tranquil. I do not doubt that by the intrigues of the Roman Court for the con- summation of this marriage it has already gained much, for it holds in trust this Princess who is not wanting in wit nor in cleverness in order to make her designs succeed ; we know that she had already well planned her departure from Innsbruck.
All these evils have happened since the Pretender left Rome, he ought never to have passed the eyes of your Ministers to go to Spain as he has done, the flight should have been guarded against. In this Your Majesty has been badly served and your orders badly carried out. It is true that he is inactive on the borders of Spain, but his partizans here are not so in the hatch- ing of plots to upset the internal affairs of the Kingdom. The Regent of France makes considerable efforts for Your Majesty and the peace of my Crown, but he has enemies. Spain in- stigates them daily, mute and powerless at present, but the State which he overthrows estranges the people. Everything is to be feared ; a spark may light a great fire ; it is not due to Cardinal Alberoni that this has not yet happened.
Your Majesty will find that I press my reflections very far. I do myself the pleasure of exposing to you any matter concerning which I have to complain of the negligence of your Ministers. I am always resolved to change nothing in the plan of the alliance contracted with Your Majesty in order to keep you informed of my journey through my states.
I shall always keep for Your Imperial Majesty the most inviolable affection. I close with the assurance of my perfect friendship, and I am of Your Imperial Majesty
George R.
During my passage through Holland.
LETTERS OF JAMES AND CLEMENTINA MOSTLY FROM THE VATICAN (ARCHIVIO SEGRETO)
Of the following fifteen letters thirteen have been chosen from about twenty-five found in the Vatican Archives as being of a wider interest than the remainder and showing something of the concern of James in Church affairs, and his intense gratitude to each succeeding Pope. It will be observed that there are various errors in spelling both in Italian and in French, although these are more noticeable in the letters of Clementina. Of hers, one that is included was copied from the Archives of Prince Orsini and another from the English College in Rome ; the latter was presented to the College a few years ago, together with a relic. All are original autograph unless otherwise stated. They are here arranged chronologically.
James to Clement xi. Tres Saint Pere
Ny ma vive douleur ny un sentiment de vive peine que j'ay eu ce matin ne peuvent m'obliger de differir un moment annoncer a Votre Saintete la cruelle perte que je viens de subir (?) d'une mere qui meritait toute ma tendresse et qui a toujours ete si attachee au Saint Siege et a la Personne sainte de Votre Saintete. C'est d'elle apres Dieu que j'attend ma plus grande consolation dans une conjoncture si triste pour moy en toute maniere rempli de confiance dans la bonte vrayment paternelle pour moy, et osant tout esperer d'elle, j 'implore tres humillement le secours de Votre Saintete, puis pour l'ame de la Reine ma
93
94 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
mere et pour moy et en luy renouveller les protestations de ma soumission et attachement inviolable luy demande avec une bonne foi (?) la benediction Apostolique etant Tres Saint Pere
De Votre Saintete Le tres devot tils
Jacques R. D'Urbino ce 19 May 1718 (Principi e Titolati 179)
(Translation)
Most Holy Father
Neither my great sorrow nor a feeling of intense pain which I had this morning can allow me to defer for a moment the announcement to Your Holiness of the cruel loss that I have just suffered of a mother who deserved all my tenderness and who has always been so attached to the Holy See and to the holy Person of Your Holiness. After God it is from You that I expect my greatest consolation in a moment so sad for me, being filled in every respect with confidence in your truly paternal goodness for me and venturing to hope everything from you, I very humbly implore the help of Your Holiness, both for the soul of the Queen my mother and for myself, and in renewing to you the protestations of my submission and inviolable attachment, I beg in all sincerity the Apostolic blessing, being
Most Holy Father The most devoted son of Your Holiness
James R. Urbino 19 May 1718
James to Clement xi.
Tres Saint Pere
La crainte d'importuner trop souvent Vostre Saintete par mes lettres m'a impose silence pendant quelques jours, mais la tendresse vrayment filialle que je conserve pour Sa Personne sacree, ne me permette pas d'etre plus longtemps sans luy donner advis moy meme, de l'accomplissement de mon marriage, — les ordres de Vostre Saintete y ont ete suivies a la lettre, et l'Eveque
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 95
qui nous faits mils bonnetes a fait luy meme la ceremonie.
Nous aurons bientot l'honneur d'assurer Vostre Saintete
de vive voix de nos sentiments pleins de reconnaissance et
de soumission envers elle, et en attendant, je la supplie de
m'accorder la benediction Apostolique e d'etre persuade de
la veneration et du respect avec lequels je suis
Tres Saint Pere
De Vostre Saintete
Le tres devot fils
t^ ,T n Jacques R.
De Montenascone
Ce 9 Septembre 1719 (P.T. 179)
(Translation) Most Holy Father
The fear of disturbing Your Holiness too often by my letters has imposed silence on me for a few days, but the truly filial affection that I bear for Your sacred Person does not permit me to be any longer without informing you myself of the accomplishment of my marriage — the orders of Your Holiness were followed to the letter, and the Bishop, who has shown us a thousand kindnesses, himself performed the ceremony.
We shall soon have the honour of assuring Your Holiness in person of our feelings full of gratitude and submission towards you, and in the meantime I implore you to bestow on me the Apostolic blessing and to be persuaded of the veneration and respect with which I am
Most Holy Father The most devoted son of Your Holiness
James R. Montefiascone
September 9 1719
Clementina to Clement xi.
Tres Saint Pere
Je ne pui m'empecher davoir lonneur de marquer moy meme a Votre Saintete que notre Mariage soi fait en arrivant jdy dans les formes comme elle la souhaite et par
96 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
se moien je me donne aussi l'avantage de suplier V.S. de me vouloire bien accorder Sa Benediction Apostolique etant avec un respect sans bornes Tres Saint Pere
De Votre Saintete La tres devot fille, Clementine R. De Montefiascone
le 9me Sepe. 1719 (P.T. 179)
(Translation) Most Holy Father
I cannot deprive myself of the honour of personally informing Your Holiness that our marriage took place on arrival on Thursday in the form as you desired and by this means I also take the advantage of begging Your Holiness to bestow on me your Apostolic Blessing being with boundless respect
Most Holy Father The most devoted daughter of Your Holiness
Clementina R. From Montefiascone Sept. 9 1719
James to Innocent xiii.
Beatissimo Padre
Nel atto di partire di questa Citta, credo il mio preciso dovere di autenticare di nuovo alia Santita Vostra la mia somma ed immutabile ubbedienza, venerazione e gratitudine verso la Santa Sede e la sua sagra persona, supplicandola vivamente di pigliare il mio figlio sotto il suo altissimo e venerato patrocinio unitamente con li altri miei fedeli sudditi che lascio in Roma ove — nonostante le voci sparsi e tanti varij discorsi — piacendo a Dio mi ristabiliro avanti li Santi avvisando la Santita vostra che questo mio viaggio non porta seco mistero niuno, e che non ha altro oggetto che la mia giusta sollecitudine ed inquietudine per la salute della Regina, ed il motivo di pigliare un poco di moto, con mutazione d'aria per la mia propria salute.
Iddio prosperi e conservi la Santita vostra per il bene e consolazione della chiesa, a questa fine saranno sempre
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 97
indirizzati i miei contimii e piu fervosi voti (?), e pro- strandomi alii sagri piedi della Santita vostra chieggo humilissimamente la sua santa ed apostolica benedizione, pregandola di credermi in continua mia ubbedienza, e di comportarmi la continuazione delle sue ameni (?) e venerate gratie mentre mi confermo con insigne humili soumissione
Beatissimo Padre della Santita Vostra il divm0 figlio
Giacomo R. Di casa alii 7 Agosto 1722
(Bagni di Lucca) (P.T. 222)
(Translation) Most Holy Father
On the point of leaving this town, I feel it my clear duty to express once more in writing to Your Holiness my decided and unchanging obedience, veneration and gratitude towards the Holy See and your sacred person, heartily beseech- ing you to take my son under your most high and venerated patronage together with my other faithful subjects whom I have left in Rome, where — notwithstanding rumours and talk — I hope, please God, to re-establish myself before All Saints' Day, informing your Holiness that this journey of mine carries with it no mystery, and that it has no object beyond my just solici- tude and anxiety for the health of the Queen, and the motive of taking a little exercise with change of air for my own health. May God prosper and preserve your Holiness for the good and consolation of the church, to this end my continuous and most fervent vows will be directed, and prostrating myself at the sacred feet of your Holiness, I most humbly beg your holy and apostolic blessing, praying you to believe in my lasting obedience and to support me with the continuance of your kind and venerated favour, whilst I sign myself with very humble submission
Most Holy Father of your Holiness the most devoted son
James R.
From Home 7 August 1722 (Baths of Lucca)
G
98 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
James to Innocent xiii.
Beatissimo Padre
Ricevo con uguali consolazione riconoscimento e rispetto li nuovi contrasegni d'un suo paterno affetto verso tutta la mia famiglia, che la Santita Vostra si e degnata comportirmi nel Suo venerato foglio del 15 del passato mese e mi mancano le parole per autenticare alia Santita Vostra li veri sentimenti del mio cuore in questa congiun- tura, supplicandola humillissimamente d'essere persuasa che corrisponderanno sempre a tanti Suoi favori, ed al singolare ed affettuoso ubbidienza ed attacamento che sara sempre professato verso la Santa Sede e la Sua sagra persona.
Non posso che porgere il mio figliuolo sotto la grazia cura e protezione della Santita Vostra, cosi continuate e generosamente esercitate verso di lui e benche per ancora non possa brame (?) alcuno nuovo personale non dubito che quando giungera al tempo del uso dello sapere, non sia per indovinare tutte le mie premure a rendersi degno della continuazione di essa.
Rieschono assai confacevoli alia salute della Regina l'uso di questi bagni, li quali sara credo per continuarvi ancora qualche poco tempo, doppo di che, piglioremo la strada di Roma, ma non ho per hora dilleminato se sara per Bologna, 6 in dirittura, ardisco ragguagliarvi la Santita Vostra di questa particolarita, ed in ogni modo spero posarmi ai suoi piedi dentro il mese d'Ottobre.
Le nostre cose d'Inghilterra sono sempre nell' istesso stato, questa pretesa congiuncatione e sempre piu posta inviduirlo da ogni uno, l'odio della nazione verso di chi la governa cresce al maggior segno, come fa ancora la Sua propensione a pro mio, ed e un vero niente che solo manca per condurre il tutto al bramato esito.
Riceviamo di questa Republica continui servizi, ed essa si e condotta verso di noi con una disinvoltura di gran Principe piu che da piccolo Stato che naturalmente dovrebbe pigliare ombra di tutti.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 99
II Gran Duca1 ancora ci da riplicate testimonianze del suo buon cuore per noi in questa nostra vicinanza al di suo Stato.
Supplico la Santita Vostra di condonar la lunghezza e tutte le altre impropriety di questa lettera, la mia inclin- azione ancora piu che il dovere mi eprova a renderla consapevole di tutto quello nei (?) ci riguarda, e sperando un benigno perdono della Sua clemenza con un cuore veramente figliale imploro la Sua Santa ed Apostolica benedizione, rassegnandomi con il dovuto rispetto, Sant- issimo Padre
Delia Santita Vostra
II devotissimo figlio
Giacomo R.
A li Bagni di Lucca
alii 23 Agosto 1722 (P.T. 221)
(Translation) Most Holy Father
I receive with equal consolation gratitude and respect the fresh signs of your paternal affection towards my whole family which Your Holiness has deigned to convey to me in your revered note of the 15 of last month and words fail me to express to Your Holiness the real sentiments of my heart at this juncture, humbly begging you to be persuaded that they will always correspond to your many favours, and to the singular and affectionate obedience and attachment which I shall always maintain towards the Holy See and to Your sacred person.
I can but place my son under the favour care and protection of Your Holiness, so continuously and generously exercised towards him, and although for the present he cannot show forth anything in person, I do not doubt that when he arrives at the time of using his knowledge, he will then understand all my anxiety and render himself worthy of the continuation thereof.
The use of these baths has been very successful and com- forting to the health of the Queen, who will continue them I think for some little time further, after which we shall take the road for Rome, but I have not yet decided whether it will be
1 Giovanni Gaston de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
100 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
by Bologna, or the direct way. I venture to advise Your Holiness of these particulars and in any case I hope soon to place myself at your feet during the month of October.
Our affairs of England are always in the same state : this pretended combination is always more grudgingly taken by everyone, the hatred of the nation towards him who governs increases visibly as does your partiality on my behalf, and practically nothing is lacking to conduct the whole to the wished-for issue.
We receive from this Republic continual help and it has behaved towards us with the graciousness of a great Prince rather than that of a small State which naturally would be dubious of all.
The Grand Duke still gives us repeated testimony of his good heart towards us in this our vicinity to his State.
I beg Your Holiness to forgive the length and all the other improprieties of this letter, my inclination even more than my duty compels me to let you know all that concerns us, and hoping for a kind pardon of your clemency, with a truly filial heart I implore Your Holy and Apostolic blessing, signing myself with due respect, Most Holy Father
The most devoted son of Your Holiness
James R.
At the Baths of Lucca 23 August 1722
James to Cardinal Gualterio 1 or Cardinal Lercari2
Avignone alii 16 Ottobre 1727
Da quello che sento da questo Mgr. Vicelegato e dalle mie notizie da Parigi scorgo con uguale giubilo e ricono- scenza la bonta della Santita Sua verso di me in occasione della mia dimorra in questo Stato ; non ho mai potuto
1 Cardinal Gualterio had been Papal nuncio in Paris and was present at the death-bed of James II.
2 Cardinal Lercari was a faithful friend to James, thoroughly straight- forward ; he was Secretary of State for over thirty years.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 101
dubitare della clemenza del Papa verso di me, ma adesso ardirei movere la dovuta fiduccia in essa di differirsi maggiormente a far venire la Regina apresso di me per avere la consolazione di godere insieme in questo Stato della benevolenza benefica verso di noi. La tenera eta delli miei figliuoli non mi permette di lasciarli in viaggio in questa stagione e cosi resteranno in Bologna sino alia primavera, ove spero che la Santita Sua vorra continuare verso di loro la sua solita bonta.
Non ardisco incommodare la Santita Sua con una mia lettera maggiormente in questo tempo di villegiatura, pregandola di portarle li miei humillissimi rispetti e di attestarla della mia immensa gratitudine per tante sue grazie.
Resto gratissimo delli attenzioni e della premura con li quali si operi in ogni occasione si tratta delle miei interessi e devo rendere giustizia a questo degno Vicelegato che non manca a merite ove puo mostrarci il suo zelo ed affetto cooperando di buon cuore alle di lei intenzione ed amicizia verso di me, non mi resto altro a l'aggiungere per il presente che di pregarla di continuarmi la sua stimata amizicia e di ricevere della mia
Giacomo R.
(P.T. 144)
(Translation)
Avignon 16 October 1727
From what I hear from this Monsignor the Vice-Legate and from my news from Paris, I perceive with equal joy and grati- tude the goodness of His Holiness towards me on the occasion of my residence in this State. I have never doubted of the clemency of the Pope towards me and now I dare place my faith in it [not] to postpone any longer the coming of the Queen, that we may have the consolation of enjoying together in this State his kind benevolence towards us. The tender age of my sons does not allow me at this season to permit them to make a long journey ; they will therefore remain in Bologna until the Spring where I hope that His Holiness will continue his usual kindness towards them.
102 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
I do not venture to trouble His Holiness any further with a letter from me in this holiday season, praying you to present to him my humble respects and to impress upon him my immense gratitude for all his favours.
I am most grateful for all the attention and care which he shows on every occasion when my interests require such help, and I must pay tribute to the worthy Vice-Legate who does not fail to show us his zeal and affection co-operating heartily with your intentions and friendship towards me. It now only remains for me to implore you to continue towards me your valued friendship and to receive mine.
James R.
James to Cardinal Lercari
Bologna alii 27 Aprile 1728
Mando con questo al Cardinale Davia x le solite lettere credenziali in suo favore, non dubitando che il suo distinto merito non sia per essersi gradito dalla Santita Sua 2 in qualita di mio Ministro e che non avra anche nueva in- duggio conferirle le facolta di Protettore del Regno e Colleggio d'Inghilterra secondo le mie humillissime e sinceri istanze ; pregandola di appoggiare questa mia brame appresso la Santita Sua con la solita amicizia della quale come ancora della benignita Pontificia ho ricevuto un insigne contrasegno nel essere la Santita Sua nell'affare delle Pensioni di Spagna 3 ; la prego di rinnovare ad essa li attestati della mia somma riconoscenza e di rimanere persuasissima delli sentimenti di Stima e di gratitudine che professo a lei per la continua parzialita che esercita verso di me.
Giacomo R.
(P.T. 145)
1 Cardinal Davia was a native of Bologna ; a wise man, highly esteemed. Was a favoured candidate for the Papacy in 1730. As a soldier in the Venetian Army he had fought against the Turks.
2 Benedict xm.
3 Spain was still giving money to James in the hope of his restoration.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 103
(Translation)
Bologna 27 April 1728
With this I send to Cardinal Davia the usual credential letters in his favour, not doubting that his obvious merit will make him acceptable to His Holiness in the position of my Minister and that there will be no new delay in conferring on him the faculty of Protector of the Kingdom and College of England, according to my humble and devout solicitation ; praying you to forward this my ardent desire to His Holiness with the usual friendship, from which as ever I have received a signal example of the pontifical benignity in the interest of His Holiness in the affair of the Spanish Pensions. I beseech you to renew to him the testimony of my deep gratitude and to be persuaded of the sentiments of esteem and gratitude which I owe to you for the continued partiality which you exercise towards me.
James R.
James to Cardinal Lercari
A mon Cousin le Cardinal Lercari (dictee)
Mon Cousin
Cellecy est pour vous donner avis que nous avons crii ne pouvoir mieux faire que de choisir le Cardinal Davia pour avoir soin de nos affaires a Rome, l'ayant deja nomme au Protectorat d'Angleterre, dont nous attendons avec impatience l'agrement de Sa Saintete. Nous vous prions cependant de lui donner une entiere creance en tout ce qu'il vous dira de notre part, et de lui accorder vos bons offices aupres du Saint Pere lorsqu'il aura quelque chose a lui representer concernant nos interets. Vous nous obligerez sensiblement si vous en conserverons (?) une parfaite gratitude. Sur ce nous prions Dieu qu'il vous ait, mon Cousin, en sa sainte et digne garde.
Votre affectione Cousin
Jacques R.
A Bologne ce 27 Avril 1728
(P.T. 145)
104 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
(Translation) To my Cousin Cardinal Lercari (dictated)
My Cousin
This is to advise you that we have not thought it possible to do better than to choose Cardinal Davia to take charge of our affairs in Rome, he being already nominated Protector of England, for which we still await with impatience the assent of His Holiness. We pray you however to trust him entirely in all that he may say to you on our behalf, and to accord him your good offices with the Holy Father, when he may have something to say concerning our interests. You will oblige us greatly if you will rest assured of (?) our deep gratitude. With this we pray God to hold you in His holy and safe keeping.
Your affectionate Cousin
James R.
Bologna 27 April 1728
Clementina to Benedict xiii.
Tres Saint Pere
J'ay resceus avec tout le respect et la veneration que je devais le Bref que V. Ste. a daigne m'ecrire par le Ro. Pere Antujar a l'occasion de la Berette que V. Ste. a envoy e au Cardinale Gotti, a la promotion duquel jay pris tout la part que merite un sujet si digne du chois de V. Ste. et qui fera certainement beaucoup d'honneur a la Religion par ses hautes vertus et par son grand merite ; j 'espere Tres S. Pere que V. Ste. me rendara la justice d'etre persuade que c'etait une grande consolation pour moy de savoir encor dans le souvenir de V. Ste. avec les assurances qu'elle me done de la continuation de ces bontes a mon egard que je tacherais toute ma vie de meriter et ne cesserais de faire des ardents veux au Ciel pour la conservation de V. Ste. aux
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 105
pies duquel je me prosterne avec mes enfants pour implorer la Ste. Benediction avec toute la soumission et veneration possible Etant sincerement come je dois etre
Tres Saint Pere
De votre Saintete La tres humble tres obeissante et tres obligee fille Clementine
De Boulogne le 11 May 1728 (P.T. 145)
(Translation)
Most Holy Father
I have received with due respect and veneration the Brief that Your Holiness has deigned to write me through the Rev. Father Antujar on the occasion of the Biretta which Your Holiness has sent to Cardinal Gotti, in whose promotion I have taken part as merits a subject so worthy of the choice of Your Holiness and one who will certainly do honour to Religion by his high virtues and by his great merit. I hope, Most Holy Father, that Your Holiness will pay me the justice of believing that it was a great consolation to know that I was still in Your re- membrance with the assurance that You will continue to me Your goodness which I shall try to merit throughout my life, and I shall never cease to make ardent prayers to Heaven for the preservation of Your Holiness, at whose feet I prostrate myself with my children, imploring the holy benediction with all possible submission and veneration, and remain sincerely as I should be
Most Holy Father
Of Your Holiness The most humble most obedient and most obliged daughter Clementina
Bologna 11 May 1728
106 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
James to Cardinal Lercari
De Bologne Ce 20 May 1728 Le Prince Jacques x mon beaupere ay ant toujours eu beau- coup de tendresse pour la Reine et desirant en faire ressentir les effets a nos enfants il a dessein de tacher de les faire naturalises en Pologne meme (?) quoy ils ne pourraient jouir d'aucune bien dans ce Royaume. J'ose done supplir tres humillement Sa Saintete par notre Cardinal de vouloir bien envoyer au Roy de Pologne 2 dans les senses les plus pressents pour l'induire a y porter toutes les facilites qui dependent de luy, et en meme temps d'envoyer des ordres au Nonce afin que de contenance le Prince Jacques, il puisse luy donner tout le secours possible a cet efTet, soit aupres des Eveques ou autres qui ont voix en pareilles manieres. Sa Saintete verra aisement de quelle importance cette affaire est a ma famille et ainsi j'ay une confiance qu'elle daignera m'accorder les recommandations que j'ose luy demander. Votre constante amitie pour moy m'assure de vos offices aupres du Pape en cette occasion et je vous les demande avec instance en vous assurant de ma parfaite
gratitude et amitie. T „
& Jacques R.
Je vous prie d'obtenir de Sa Saintete que les lettres au Roy de Pologne et au Nonce puissent m'etre envoye, afin que je puisse m'en servir avec plus d'avantage ; le secret est aussi tres necessaire dans cette affaire afin qu'elle soit terminee en Pologne avant que le Cour d'Hannover en soit informe et y pourrait y apporter aucune obstacle.
(P.T. 145)
(Translation)
Bologna 20 May 1728 My father-in-law, Prince James, always having had a great affection for the Queen and desiring to show this also to our
1 Prince James Sobieski, father of Clementina. He died in 1737, leaving jewels worth 103,000 scudi 'besides rubies' and 100,000 scudi in money to these grandsons.
2 Augustus 11., Elector of Saxony from 1694, and King of Poland from 1697. Died 1733.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 107
children, has an idea of having them naturalized in Poland, although (?) they could never enjoy any property in that kingdom. I venture therefore very humbly to ask His Holiness through our Cardinal to be good enough to send most urgently to the King of Poland to induce him to grant all facilities which depend on him, and at the same time to give orders to the nuncio that he may give all the help possible to Prince James, be it through the bishops or others who may help in such matters. His Holiness will plainly see of what importance is this affair to my family and I am confident that he will deign to give me the recommendation that I venture to ask. Your constant friendship for me assures me of your help with the Pope on this occasion and I earnestly ask it, assuring you of my gratitude and friendship.
I pray you to ask His Holiness to send me the letters for the King of Poland and the nuncio, so that I may use them to the best advantage ; secrecy is also very necessary in this affair so that it may be completed in Poland before the Court of Hanover is informed and raises any obstacle.
Clementina to Cardinal Lercari
Le 5 Decembre 1729
Mon Cousin
La devotion que je professe a St. Francois de Sales
m'a fait desirer de promouvoir la cause de son illustre
Disciple la V. Me. de Chantae et m'etant informe du
postulant de ce qu'il y avait a faire, il m'a donne le placet
c'y joint que je vous prie de presenter de ma part a Sa
Saint ete en me mettant a ses pies, et je me flate que de
votre cote, vous ferez tout votre possible pour faciliter une
affaire qui me tient si fort a coeur, et dont je vous aurais
beaucoup d'obligation, et sera une augmentation aux autres
que je vous ay ; soyez aussi je vous prie persuade de la
parfaite estime et amitie que j 'aurais toujours pour vous,
etant sincerement
Votre affect. Cousine (P.T. 145)
Clementina R.
108 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
(Translation)
December 5 1729 My Cousin
The devotion that I feel to St. Francis de Sales makes me wish to forward the cause of his illustrious disciple the V. Me. de Chantae and being informed by the postulant of what is necessary, he has given me the ' placet ' enclosed which I pray you to present on my behalf to His Holiness, laying me at his feet and I flatter myself that on your side you will do all that is possible to facilitate a matter which I have so much at heart, and for which I should be under much obligation to you and will be an addition to the others which I owe you. Believe also I beg you in the great esteem and friendship which I should always have for you, being sincerely
Your affect. Cousin
Clementina R.
Clementina to Cardinal Orsini
ON THE DEATH OF HIS UNCLE POPE BENEDICT XIII.1
Mon Cousin
Je suis trop sensible a la grande perte que nous avons faite, vous et moy, aussi bien que toute l'Eglise, du Saint Pontife votre Oncle de tres glorieuse memoire, pour vous ne point manquer combien j'entre dans la juste douleur que ce triste evenement vous cause. J'ay perdu en Luy un tres digne Pasteur qui avait pour moy beaucoup de bontes et une affection veritablement Paternelle, vous jugez done bien que je prens toute la part possible a votre affliction ou je vous souhaite toute la consolation que vous est necessaire, vous priant d'etre persuade des sentiments plein d'estime et de consideration avec lesquels je suis, Mon Cousin,
Votre Affec. Cousine
Clementina R. 1 Avril 1730.
1 From the Archives of Prince Orsini.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 109
(Translation) My Cousin
I am too sensible of the great loss that we have suffered, you and I, as well as the whole Church in the death of the Holy Pontiff, your uncle of most glorious memory, to fail to join with you in the distress caused by this sad event. I have lost in him a very worthy Pastor who showed me many kindnesses and a truly paternal affection. Judge then how I take all possible share in your affliction in which I wish you all the consolation that you need, begging you to believe the sentiments full of esteem and consideration with which I am, My Cousin,
Your Affect. Cousin
Clementina R. April 1 1730
Clementina to Princess Dowager of La Roccella j
THIS LETTER, ACKNOWLEDGING THE GIFT OF A RELIC, IS IN THE ENGLISH COLLEGE IN ROME, HAVING BEEN SENT THERE IN 1923 BY TWO SISTERS, THE SIGNORINE TOMMASINI, FROM REGGIO CALABRIA. THE SUPER- SCRIPTION IS AS FOLLOWS : (iT IS ACCOMPANYING A RELIC)
1737
Lettera della Gran Serva di Dio Clementina Regina d'Inghiltcrra moglie di Giacomo Re d'Inghilterra, morta in Roma in concetto di santita avendo fatto molti miracoli.
Rome le 7e Juin 1731 Ma Cousine
Je ne puis fair moin que de vous remercier pour la belle tabaciere que vous m'avez envoie par le Roy avec la
1 This Princess was Ippolita Cantelmo Stuart, the last of her family, said to be descended from Duncan, King of Scotland. She married in 1696 Vincenzo Caraffa, Principe di Roccella, and the family then took her name in addition to their own.
110 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
Relique de St. Janvier qui m'est un don fort pretieux, ayant pour ce grand Saint la Veneration que je dois avoir ainsi je vous en sois bien obligee ; et de l'attention que vous avez eu a me fair ce plaisir, je souhaiterai pouvoir de mon cote vous en fair aussi et vous prouver la juste estime et consideration que j'ay pour vous ma Cousine Votre affectionee Cousine
Clementina R.
P.S.
Je vous prie de fair mes compts. a la Psse. de Monte- milete, et lui souhaite de tous mon cceur que sa Sante se retablisse en parfaite etat.
A Ma Cousine
La Princesse Douairriere de La Roccella.
(Translation)
A Letter from the Holy Servant of God Clementina Queen of England wife of James King of England who died in the odour of sanctity having performed many miracles.
Rome June 7th 1731 My Cousin
I cannot do less than thank you for the beautiful snuff-box that you have sent me by the King with the relic of St. Januarius, which is a most precious gift. Having the veneration for this great Saint which I ought to have, I am most grateful to you for your thoughtfulness in giving me this pleasure. I shall hope for my part to be able to do something for you also and to prove to you the real esteem and considera- tion that I have for you my Cousin.
Your affectionate Cousin
Clementina R.
P.S.
I pray you to present my compliments to the Princess of Montemilete and say that I wish from my heart that her health may be perfectly restored.
To my Cousin
The Dowager Princess of La Roccella.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 111
James to Clement xii.
Roma alii 21 Febraio 1739
(dettatta)
Beatissimo Padre,
Non avendo Io incomodato La Santita Vostra con
raccomandarle alcun soggetto per esser promosso al Car-
dinalato in congiuntura nella passata promozione delle
Corone, ed avendo in oltre i Nunzij gia conseguito il premio
avuto a loro meriti, Ardisco ora porgere le mie umillissime
suppliche in favore di Monsignor Pietro Guerin de Tencin x
Archivescovo d'Embrun, il quale raccomando e nomino
alia Santita Vostra per essere creato Cardinale. Faccio
questo con tanto maggiore fiduzia quanto che non sola-
mente ha egli sempre professato verso la mia persona e
causa un singolare attacamento e zelo, ma di piu ha dato,
come ben sa Vostra Santita ed il mondo tutto segnalate
riprove dell'ardente suo zelo verso la Santa Sede, ed in
diffesa dalla sana Dottrina, e che in oltre si ritrova attual-
mente in istato di rendere alia nostra Santa Religione i piu
utili servizij come non dubito che non sia sempre per fare
con tutto l'ardore del animo suo. Spero dunque che la
Santita Vostra vorra benignamente condescendere alle
mie umillissime suppliche ed in tanto prostrato alii suoi
sacri piedi supplico la Santita Vostra a concedermi la Sua
Santa ed apostolica Benedizione, mentre che con il maggiore
rispetto mi rassegno
Dalla Santita Vostra
II devotissimo Figlio (P.T. 146)
GlACOMO R.
(Translation)
Rome 21 February 1739 (dictated) Most Holy Father
Not having disturbed your Holiness by recommending any subject for promotion to the Cardinalate on the occasion
1 Monsignor Guerin de Tencin was the brother of Claudine, who played an important part in Jacobite intrigues in France.
112 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
of the late bestowal of the Hats, and the nuncios having already received the reward due to their merits, I now venture to place before you my humble supplication in favour of Monsignor Pietro Guerin de Tencin, Archbishop of Embrun, whom I recommend and name to your Holiness for creation as Cardinal. I do this with all the greater confidence, as not only has he always professed a singular attachment and zeal to my person and my cause, but as your Holiness and all the world knows, he has given repeated signs of his ardent zeal towards the Holy See and in defence of sound doctrine, and in addition he finds himself in a condition to render the most useful service to our Holy Religion, which I have no doubt he will do with all the ardour of his soul. I hope therefore that your Holiness will graciously condescend to my humble supplication, and in the meantime, prostrating myself at your sacred feet, I pray your Holiness to bestow on me your Holy and Apostolic benediction, whilst with the greatest respect, I sign myself of your Holiness the most devoted son James r>
James to Cardinal Valenti1
Albano 22 7bre 1755 Ho ricevuto la settimana scorsa La di Lei lettera del primo del 7bre e gradisco al maggior segno la di lei premura a pro. del Cardinale mio Figlio, e La di lei attenzione in par- ticiparmi li passi da Lei gia fatti. E sempre molto che si mostrano favorevole M. de Rouilli 2 ed il Cardinale della Rochfoucault : ho gia scritto a quest'ultimo la settimana passata, ed ho veramente una gran fiducia nella di lui amicizia verso di Noi ; ma se non ottenessimo niente prima della Promozione, fatta questa m'indirizzero in dirittura a Madame la Delfina, di maniera che in un modo o in un altro mi pare aver fondate speranze di potere alfine riuscire, e nel mentre La prego di continuare li di lei uffizi anche in nome del Papa a quest'effetto. Habbiamo stentato, e vero, ma se Io potessi una volta ottenere un'altro buon Benefizio
1 Cardinal Valenti was chamberlain to Benedict xiv. and later was Secretary of State. James must have known him when he was papal legate at Bologna. He died in Rome in 1763.
2 French Minister of Foreign Affairs.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 113
per il mio Figlio, la Corte resterebbe libera per sempre dalle nostre importunita in simile materie, ed avrei Io la con- solazione prima di morire di vederlo sumcientemente proveduto. Intorno al Monaco Benedettino Scozzese non e questo certamente il tempo di parlarne al Cardinale de Rochfoucauld ma se Ella ne avesse l'occasione potrebbe informarsi da qualched'uno prattico di queste materie, se la Grazia che si desidera sia cosa pratticabile, poiche se non la fosse, non bisognerebbe piu pensarci, e ne informerei il Monaco il quale prenderebbe in consequenza la sua risoluzione. Sto in grandissima pena per queste cose Ecclesiastiche di Francia, bisognerebbe essere non buon Cattolico per essere indifferente in una simile congiuntura. Per gli affari politici, per me considero la guerra come in- dubitata, e pochissimo tempo probabilmente sciarira questo punto. Naturalmente un simile avvenimento doverebbe essere avantaggiato per la Casa mia, ma so veramente ne che pensare, ne che desiderare nella totale oscurita, dove tuttavia mi ritrovo, degli affari del Principe, ne non so ne meno dove sia, ne dove sia stato da piu da sei anni in qua. Mi continui sempre gli efforti da lei buon Cuore verso di Noi, con restare purche persuasa della mia sincera grati- dudine ed amicizia verso di Lei.
Affezionato cugino
Giacomo R.
(Inghilterra 25)
(Translation)
Albano 22nd September 1755 Last week I received yours of the 1st of Sejjtember and I am pleased at the signs of your exertions on behalf of my son the Cardinal and your attention in informing me of the steps you have taken. It is already much that M. de Rouille and Cardinal de la Rochefoucauld have shown them- selves favourable. I wrote to the latter last week and I have really great faith in his friendship towards Us, but if we do not obtain anything before the Promotion, when this is over I shall write directly to Madame la Dauphine so that in one way or another, it seems to me I have well-founded hopes of suc- ceeding, and in the meantime I pray you to continue your good
H
114 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
offices, also in name of the Pope, to this effect. It is true that we have had difficulties, but if I could once obtain another good Benefice for my Son, the Court could be free for ever of our importunity in such matters and I should have the consolation before I die of seeing him adequately provided for.
Regarding the Scottish Benedictine Monk, this is certainly not the time to talk of it to Cardinal de Rochefoucauld, but if you have the chance you might inform yourself, from an expert in these matters, if the Grace desired is feasible, because if it is not, we must not think of it any more and I should inform the Monk, who would in consequence make his own decision. I am in great trouble about these Ecclesiastical matters of France, — one would have to be a bad Catholic to be indifferent in such a crisis. As to political affairs, for my part I consider War as indubitable and a very short time will probably clear up this point. Naturally such an event would be advantageous for my House, but I really do not know what to think nor what to desire in the total obscurity in which I find myself about the affairs of the Prince ; I do not even know where he is, nor where he has been for more than six years.
Ever continue towards Us the efforts of your kind heart, and be always persuaded of my sincere gratitude and friendship for you.
Your affectionate cousin
James R.
James to Louis xv. (Copy)
Monsieur mon Frere et Cousin
Accable d'infirmites qui vont tous les jours en augmentant, et qui me decouvrent l'approche de l'Eternite x j'ai cru avant ce peinible mais necessaire passage devoir temoigner a Votre Majeste pour la derniere fois tous les sentiments de respect, d'attachement et de reconnaissance dont mon coeur a ete penetre pour elle pendant tous les cours de ma vie. Je meurs avec les memes sentiments en offrant des vceux au Ciel pour la conservation de sa precieuse vie, pour sa prosperite et celle de son auguste famille.
1 James died on January i, 1766.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 115
Mes jours ont ete vissus de malheurs et d'afflictions et j'espere dans les souffrances de Jesus Christ que le Tout Puissant m'en tiendra conte, mais j'avais trouve dans Votre Majeste un genereux Bienfaiteur toujours pret a me secourir et a adoucir mes peines par des soins et des atten- tions que le souverain Remunerateur de la piete et de la vertue ne laissera pas sans recompense.
Je laisse deux Fils chers objets de ma tendresse que je recommande affectueusement a la protection de Votre Majeste dans la confiance qu'elle voudra bien les envisager comme les enfants d'un pere qui Lui a ete dans tous les terns fidelement et invariablement attache.
La triste situation ou se trouvent mes pauvres sujets qui resident en France et qui souffrent pour leur fidelite me touche extremement, quand les petits secours que j'etais en etat de leur fournir leur manqueront, que deviendront ils ? II n'y a que le bienveillance et la protection de Votre Majeste qui me tranquillisent sur leur sort par la confiance que j'ai qu'elle voudra bien se souvenir de moi toutes les fois que leurs miseres ou besoins les presseront d'y avoir recours.
J'ai donne ordre qu'on attendit qu'il ait plu a Dieu de me rappeler de cette vie avant que de faire partir cette lettre, ou j'ai pris la liberte de verser dans le sein de Votre Majeste mes plus chers interets temporals dans l'intime persuasion qu'elle voudra bien agreer ma confiance en elle ainsi que l'attachement aussi respectueux qu'inviolable avec laquelle j'ai toujours vecu et avec lequel je meurs. Monsieur mon frere et cousin
5 Mai 1763
(Inghilterra 25)
(Translation)
Sire my Brother and Cousin
Overwhelmed by infirmities which increase every day and which inform me of the approach of Eternity, I have thought well, before this painful but necessary passage, to testify to Your Majesty for the last time all the feelings of respect, attachment and gratitude with which my heart has
116 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
been filled during the course of my life. I die with these same sentiments, offering prayers to Heaven for the preserva- tion of your precious life, for your prosperity and that of your august family.
My days have been full of troubles and afflictions and I hope through the sufferings of Jesus Christ that the Almighty will remember this, but I have always found in Your Majesty a generous benefactor, always ready to help me and to soften my troubles by your care and attention, which the sovereign Re warder of piety and virtue will not leave unrewarded.
I leave two sons, dear objects of my love whom I recommend affectionately to Your Majesty's protection in confidence that you will look upon them as the children of a father who has at all times been faithfully attached to you.
The sad situation in which my poor subjects find themselves who are resident in France and who are suffering for their fidelity, touches me extremely ; when the slight help that I am able to give them is wanting, what will happen to them ? Only the kindness and protection of Your Majesty calm me regarding their fate by the confidence I have that you will be willing to remember me every time that their misery or need compels them to have recourse to you.
I have given orders that this letter should not be sent until it shall have pleased God to call me from this life, for in this I have taken the liberty of confiding to Your Majesty my dearest temporal interests in the sure persuasion that you will accept my confidence, as also the respectful and unchangeable attach- ment with which I have always lived and with which I die. Sire my Brother and Cousin
5 May 1763
Henry, Cardinal of York, to his Father (Copy) Sir
Tho' the Prince's behaviour towards me for some years past is a subject of great affliction to me and that your Majesty knows how little I deserve it from him, yett nothing can ever alter my respectfull attachment to him nor my ardent desire of giving him constant proofs of it and there- fore I am far from disapproving or anywaise opposing
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 117
the view your Majesty has of leaveing by your last Will and Testament to the Prince all the perpetuall Rents you now enjoy in France, and to a share of which I might perhaps have a just Claim ; but the Prince may be assured that I shall never give him any trouble in that respect. And whereas I have a small rent on the Townhouse of Paris, of which you have hitherto enjoyed the rent, tho the property belongs to me, I shall be ready and willing upon your Majesty's decease, to make over to the Prince the right and property of the saide perpetual rent, by which means the Prince will be in possession of all the rents you have hitherto enjoyed on the Townhouse of Paris. I hope in time I shall be completely provided for in Church Benefices, and therefore I only regret that what I may hereafter give the Prince is such a triffle, it being I think about 6000 Livers a year of perpetuall rent, but it is all I am master to dispose of, and had I more I would with pleasure make the same use of it.
Would to God it were in my power to give him the most essential proofs of my affection, as your Majesty will allwaise find me ready to concurr with you to the utmost of my power to whatever may now or hereafter contribute to the Prince's advantage and satisfaction.
Henry, Cardinal.
Rome April ye 10th 1751
(Inghilterra 25)
TWO LETTERS FROM PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD TO THE CARDINAL OF YORK
FOUND IN THE BIBLIOTECA VITTORIO EMANUELE ROME
FONDO GESUITICO
A mon cher frere le Cardinal.
Mon cher Frere
Dans la triste situation dans laquelle le Roy mon Pere se trouve reduit depuis si longtemps par son grand age, et ses maladies qui le mettent hors d'etat de recevoir aucunes lettres, je l'aurais prie de presenter a Sa Saintete * les assurances de la profonde veneration que j'ay pour elle ; je vous serai done oblige de vouloir bien etre mon interpret a cet egard et de Luy demander a mon nom la continuation des attentions que Luy et ses predecesseurs ont successive- ment eues pour notre Famille, et que dans le cas, ou nous aurions le malheur de perdre le Roy notre Pere avant que mes affaires me permissent de moy rendre dans le pays, jesper que Sa Saintete voudra bien donner ses ordres pour que les choses restent sur le meme pied, qu'elles sont a present, afin que je puisse paraitre avec la dignite que mon rang exige. Je vous donne tous les pouvoirs necessaires pour faire les demandes que vous croyez convenables a ce sujet. Je les ratifierai avec plaisir comme je n'ay aucun doute sur la facon de penser de S. Se ; je vous prie d'abord que vous aurez les assurances positives, que tout se passera au gre de vos desirs et des miens, de m'envoyer une per- sonne de confience en courier par la voye la plus courte ; vous l'adresserez a Ml. Thibault President de la Cour souveraine a Bouillon 2 pres Sedan a Nardainne avec les
1 Pope Clement xiii.
2 Bouillon was where Prince Charles Edward had been living for some time with Clementina Walkinshaw. His mother's sister, Maria Carlotta Sobieska, was the Duchesse de Bouillon.
118
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 119
passeports que vous croierez necessaires et des instructions sur la roue la plus sure que je pourrai prendre. Comme j'ay appris il y a quelques annees que M. le Cardinal Torrigiani 1 nous etait attache, marquez Luy dans l'occasion combien j'y ai ete sensible. Menagez toutes les personnes que vous savez etre dans nos interets, mais ne communiquez mon projet de mon voyage qu'a celles que [vous] jugerez indispensablement necessaires en Leur recommandent le plus grand secret jusqu'a mon arrivee.
Je suis avec 1'amitie la plus tendre, la plus inviolable, Votre tres cher frere
Charles P.R.
Le 3 8bre. 1765
Vous voyez par ma lettre que j'ai recu la votre du 10 7bre.
{Translation)
To my dear brother the Cardinal.
My dear Brother
In the sad state to which the King my father now is reduced during some time past by his great age and his illness which prevent his receiving any letters, I should have asked him to present to His Holiness my profound veneration for him ; I shall therefore be obliged if you will be my interpreter in this respect and ask His Holiness in my name to continue those attentions which he and his predecessors have successively shown to our Family and in case we should have the misfortune to lose the King our Father before my affairs permit me to arrive in the country, I hope that His Holiness will give orders that things should remain as they are at present, so that I may appear with the dignity which my rank demands. I give you all the necessary powers to make the requests that you think suitable on this subject. I shall ratify them with pleasure as I have no doubt of the views of His Holiness. I ask you as soon as you have a positive assurance that all will be according to your wishes and mine, to send me as courier a person of con- fidence by the quickest route. Send him to Ml. Thibault Presi- dent of the Supreme Court at Bouillon near Sedan at Nardainne
A favourite minister of Clement sail. ; both supported the Jesuits.
120 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
with the passports that you think necessary and instructions on the safest way that I should take. As I have learnt that Cardinal Torrigiani has been attached to us for some years, tell him how much I appreciate this. Take care of all those that you know to be in our interests, but only communicate my projected journey to those that you consider indispensably necessary, recommending them the greatest secrecy until my arrival.
I am with unchanging tenderest friendship,
Your dearest brother
Charles P.R. 3 October 1765
You see by my letter that I have received yours of 10 Sept.
Bouillon Ce 18 9bre 1765
Votre lettre du 30 8bre dernier mon cher Frere, et celle qu'y etais jointe m'ont ete remises. J'ay veu avec la plus grande sensibilite toutes les marques de votre bon coeur, et de vos attentions pour mes interets, soyez persuade du retour le plus parfait, et de toute la tendresse de mon amitie. Je ne saurais trop vous esprimer combien J'ay ete penetre des sentiments de Sa Saintete de ses expressions, et de ses offres obligeantes sur les propositions que vous luy avez faites de ma part ; soyez l'interprete de mes senti- ments de veneration, et de reconnaissance aupres d'elle, en attendant que je puisse m'en acquitter moy meme, dites aussi mille choses de ma part a Mr. le Cardinal Albani x et a toutes les Personnes, qui nous sont attachees, j'esperd au moment de vous embrasser, ce qui sera le plutot possible. Je ne perdrai pas instant sur les preparatif de mon depart, j'espere vous trouver en aussi bonne sante qu'on me la avance. J'en etais vaisi (?) de ma lettre que je recois la votre du 6 du courant. Je ne puis que vous repeter, que j'ay la meme impatience de vous rejoindre. Si j'avais les ailes d'un oiseau, nous serions bien tost satisfaits. Votre tres affectionne Frere
Charles P.R.
1 Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Albani, great-nephew of Clement xi.
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 121
(Translation) Bouillon 18 November 1765
Your letter of the 30th October my dear Brother and the en- closure have been handed to me. I see with tender feeling all the signs of your kind heart and of your attention to my interests, be persuaded of an equal return and of all the fondness of my love. I cannot express to you how much impressed I am by the senti- ments of His Holiness and his obliging offers on the propositions that you have made on my behalf ; be the interpreter of my feelings of veneration and of gratitude to him, until I can express them myself. Say also kind things from me to Cardinal Albani and all those attached to us. I look forward to the moment of embracing you, which will be as soon as possible ; I shall not lose a moment on the preparations of my departure. I hope to find you in as good health as I have been told . . . ? ... my letter that I receive yours of the 6th instant. I can only repeat to you that I have the same impatience to rejoin you. If I had the wings of a bird, we should soon be satisfied. Your very affectionate Brother
Charles P.R.
LETTER FROM THE CARDINAL OF YORK TO CARDINAL GIOVANNI ALBANI x
Frascati
29 8bre 1765
II cardinale Duca di York pieno de suoi inalterabili senti- menti verso di V. E. accusa il di lei pregiatissimo biglietto di ieri, e siccome contiene intorno al noto aff are le delibera- zioni della Santita di Nostro Signore alle quali lo Scrivente si preggia di non opporsi giammai ; percio non resta altra a chi scrive se non che di supplicare l'E. V. a porgere i Suoi piu umili ringraziamenti al Santo Padre per le generose e benigne espressioni cosi autenticamente manifestategli tanto verso il principe di Gallia suo fratello, quanto che di tutta la casa del scrivente, e pieno di fiducia che simili espressioni debbeno escitare nel animo del sudetto principe suo fratello, sentimenti correspondent di filiali osservanza e gratitudine, colla solita invariabile stima e cordialita si protesta.
(Copia) (Inghilterra 25)
(Translation)
The Cardinal Duke of York, full of his inalterable feelings towards Your Eminence acknowledges your esteemed note of yesterday, and as it contains the deliberations of His Holiness Our Lord with regard to the well-known affair, which the writer has the honour never to oppose, there is thus nothing remaining to the writer but to implore Your Eminence to present
1 Cardinal Giovanni Albani was a nephew of the former Cardinal Annibale and was a great friend of the Cardinal of York, who succeeded him as Bishop of Ostia in 1803. 122
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 123
his most humble thanks to the Holy Father for the generous and benign expressions thus genuinely shown, as much towards the Prince of Wales his brother, as to the whole House of the writer, and full of confidence that similar expressions must excite in the mind of the Prince his brother corresponding feelings of filial observance and gratitude, he declares himself with the usual constant esteem and cordiality. (Copy)
DESCRIPTION OF A MEETING BETWEEN HENRY, CARDINAL OF YORK, AND AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF SUSSEX x BY AN UNKNOWN WRITER
Frascati 18 Agosto 1794
Quest'oggi circa le ore 11| nel Viale di Villa Bracciano S.A.R. ha incontrato il Principe Augusto, ha fatto subito fermare la carrozza e in lingua inglese nella maniera piu obbligante lo ha complimentato dicendogli ch'era assai contento di avere questa occasione per consegnargli tutti i suoi sentimenti i quali potea accertargli essere sicurri da ogni sorta di pregiudizio, ch'era stato molto sensibile agli atti di attenzione che gli aveva usati e che gli era somma- mente dispiaciuto che la circostanza del luogo per la carrozza non gli permise l'ultima volta di fermarsi.
II Principe Augusto voile restare sempre in piedi, e per ben due volte o tre rispose fra le altre cose ' Resto estre- mamente obbligato a Vostra Altezza Reale.' E fattisi in ultimo reciprocamente cordialissimi saluti il Real Vescovo senza mancare ai piu fini tratti di pulizia e di attenzione prosegui la sua trottata. So che il Principe Augusto e rimasto contentissimo e gli si vedeva la contentezza in volto, anche l'E.S. e stata pienamente contenta, e gli ha portato con una naturalezza veramente cordiale ; la cosa in somma e riuscita benissimo e meglio, come spero, riuscira in appresso.
(Inghilterra 25)
{Translation)
Frascati 18 August 1794
Today about half past eleven in the Avenue of Villa Bracciano, H.R.H. met Prince Augustus, and immediately stopped his
1 Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, sixth son of George in., 1763-1843. 124
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 125
carriage and speaking in English in the most obliging manner, complimented him, saying how extremely pleased he was to have this occasion of expressing his feelings, which he could assure him were free from prejudice ; that he was most sensible of the acts of courtesy which had been shown him and that he much regretted that the carriage had not been able to stop on a previous occasion, owing to the circumstances of the place.
Prince Augustus insisted on remaining standing the whole time and two or three times said amongst other things : ' I am extremely obliged to Your Royal Highness.' And finally exchanging the most cordial greetings, the Royal Bishop, with- out omitting any marks of politeness or attention, pursued his drive. I know that Prince Augustus was extremely pleased, indeed one could see his pleasure in his countenance ; His Emin- ence also was entirely satisfied and bore himself with a natural cordiality ; the affair in short went off exceedingly well and even better, I hope, may result in future.
APPENDIX I
Although these letters are not directly connected with the story of the Royal Stewarts, they may be included here, as, if the Pope, Pius vn., had taken advantage of Lord Keith's offer, he would probably have been accompanied by the Cardinal of York. The involved arrangement referred to in the letter of Mr. Penrose (who was in the confidence of Mr. Windham, Secretary-at-War in the British Cabinet) was apparently to keep the matter entirely secret. The Pope did not use the vessel, for he entered into possession of his capital city in July 1800.
Penrose to Chevalier de Souza (From the Vatican, Archivio Segreto : Inghilterra 27)
Florence June 17 1800 Dear Sir,
It gives me real satisfaction to inform you that in
consequence of your application I am empowered to assure
you in Lord Keith's x name, that if any danger should be
incurred to the Pope's person of an irruption of the French
into the Roman territory, His Lordship will use every exertion
for stationing a vessel of war either at Civita Vecchia or Gaeta
for the security of a Sovereign in amity with His Majesty. At
the same time Lord Keith observes that he is extremely pressed
for ships on account of the various and distant objects on
which they are employed.
I have the honour to be, with the greatest esteem, Dear Sir,
Your most faithful humble st.
t gru l- j c s T- Penrose.2
Le Chevalier de Souza a
1 George Keith Elphinstone, Viscount Keith, great-nephew of the ioth Earl Marischal, was Admiral of the Red and Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean.
2 Thomas Penrose was British Minister to the Grand Duke of Tuscany.
3 Chevalier de Souza was the Representative from the Court of Portugal to the King of Sardinia, who at that time was staying at Florence.
126
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 127
Letter from Admiral Lord Keith (Archivio Segreto del Vaticano : Inghilterra 26)
D'abbordo la nave di Sua Maesta Britannica la Foudroyant
Porto Mahon 23 Agosto 1800 S ignore
Abbia la bonta d'informare Sua Santita che ho ordinato all' uffiziale piu anziano delli navi di S. M. Britta stazionate a Livorno, durante la mia assenza, di spedire a Civita Vecchia un piccolo vascello, a disposizione di Sua Santita, qualora succedesse qualche attaco del nemico sullo Stato Papale.
Ho 1'onore d'essere Signore Vostro obmo Servre
Keith. Sigre Ercole Consalvi Pro Sec. di Stato Roma
( Translation)
On Board H.B.M. ship la Foudroyant
Porto Mahon 23 August 1800 Sir,
Have the goodness to inform His Holiness that I have ordered the senior officer of His Britannic Majesty's ships sta- tioned at Leghorn during my absence to despatch to Civita Vecchia a small vessel at the disposition of His Holiness, whenever an attack of the enemy on the Papal States may take place.
I have the honour to be Sir
Your obedient Servant
Keith. Signore Ercole Consalvi Pro. Sec. of State Rome
APPENDIX II
In 1939 the writer succeeded after many difficulties in finding the original wills of the two sons of James in., that of Charles Edward in Florence (the codicil in Rome) and that of Henry in Rome. No one seemed to think that the former would remain in Florence when the testator died in Rome four years later, and as to the will of the Cardinal, it was the general idea that it would be discovered either in the Vatican or at the College of the Propaganda Fide. It is difficult to see why Monsignor Atti says in his Life of the Cardinal * that he has translated (into Italian) the will, when the original is in Italian. He must presumably have seen a French copy. A curious document is also to be seen in the State Archives, empowering the Duchess of Albany to act for her father. To find any papers of this type in Italy it is essential to know the name of the notary and not only that of the testator or executor.
EXTRACT FROM THE WILL OF PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD, COUNT OF ALBANY, IN THE REGIONAL NOTARIAL ARCHIVES AT FLORENCE : NOTARO G. B. CATALDI DI ROMA, SAN MICHELE VISDOMINI, FILZA 13A 1781-1794
A nome Santissimo d'Iddio e della Beatissima Vergine Madre Maria Amen. Questi di venti due d'Ottobre 1784 in ogni luogo con ogni umilta e devozione raccomando l'anima mia a omni- potente Dio, alia gloriosa V. M. e all'Angelo Custode, insti- tuisco mia erede universale la Signora Carlotta Steuart Duchessa d'Albanie mia figlia naturale nata da me e dalla Sa. Clementina Walingsha . . . per titolo di legato ed in ogni migliore modo lascio a S. A. R. Em. mo. il Cardinale Enrico Duca di York mio amatissimo fratello un pezzo d'argento del valore di scudi mille Romani. . . . Per titolo di legato lascio a Giovanni Steuart
1 Cenni Storici : Alessandro Atti. (Rome, 1868.) 128
THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY 129
attuale mio Maestro di Casa e unitamente e solidamente a sua moglie e figli scudi cento fiorentini al mese loro vita naturale durante. . . . Conte Camillo e ill. e rev. Cannonico Tommaso della Gherardesca fratelli esecutori della presente mia Dis- posizione eleggo. Charles R.
EXTRACT FROM THE CODICIL TO THE ABOVE WILL IN THE ROYAL STATE ARCHIVES IN ROME : NOTARO G. B. CATALDI 31.1.1787. DEPOSITO 27-2.1787. PUBBLICAZIONE 7.2.1788
In nome di Dio Amen. Noi Carlo Edoardo figlio di Giacomo Terzo Nipote di Giacomo Secondo Re della Gran Bretagna appie sottoscritto ricordiamo d'aver fatto in Toscana il Nostro Testamento e Codicilli chiusi e sigillati. . . .
Dal Palazzo di nostra solita Residenza a S. S. xn. Apostoli Li 31 Jannaro 178 sette.
PROCURATORY BY CHARLES EDWARD DELEGATING HIS AUTHORITY TO HIS DAUGHTER. STATE ARCHIVES, ROME : INSTRUMEN- TS! 1787.3 ; P. 663
Volendo Noi Sotto sollevarci dal fastidioso dettaglio dalle domestiche aziende decreta il diferimento e vigilanza della nostra carissima figlia D. Carlotta Stuard, Duchessa d'Albani, ce ne porge l'opportunita coll'essersi esibita di liberarci di questa cura col prender sopra di se l'intero economico regola- mento della Nra Famiglia percio all'oggetto di meglio convali- dare qualunque atto che dalla meda si sara relativo al governo dalla Famiglia suda costituimo e deputiamo la meda come Nostra Procuratrice a potere per Noi ed in Nostro nome presie- dere all'Azienda, e Governo della Nostra casa, e di tutti gli interessi della meda con facolta di dare tutte le ordinazioni, e fare le spese occorenti e con facolta ancora di prendere all'occo- renza qualunque somma ad interesse con obligare anche Noi sotto alia restituzione della sorte ed al pagamento di frutti in quella somma che saranno concordate con tute le altre facolta necesari et opporne colla amplissima Ut Alter Ego etcetera cum opteum libera etcetera gubt e generalmente promettendosi rilavandolo in ogni migle modo. Dato in Roma dal Palazzo della Nostra solita Residenza a S. S. xn Apostoli questo di 27 Febraio 1787.
Charles R.
130 THE EXILED STEWARTS IN ITALY
EXTRACT FROM THE WILL OF HENRY, CARDINAL, DUKE OF YORK, IN THE ROYAL STATE ARCHIVES IN ROME : NOTARO PIETRO MEGLIORUCCI, UFFICIO XIII, VOL. 706, PARTE 2, p. 293
Noi Enrico Benedetto Maria Figlio di Giacomo in. Re
d'lnffhilterra Scozia Francia ed Ibernia della S. R. Chiesa
Cardinale, Vescovo di Frascati, considerando di essere mortale
. . . abbiamo determinato ora che ci troviamo in ottimo stato
di salute e con tutti i sentimenti sani . . . con forme disponiamo
per atto di ultima volonta nella maniera che siegue . . . dichia-
riamo ed istituimo Nostro Erede universale fiduciario il sud-
detto Monsignor Angelo Cesarini. . . . Finalmente intendiamo
di qui rinovare ed avere espressamente per iscrito la nostra
Protesta consegnata negli Atti del Cataldi ai 17 Gennaro 1784
. . . per rapporto alia trasmissione dei Nostri diritti successivi
al Trono e Corona d'Inghilterra a quel Principe che spettera
di jure per prossimita di sangue i quali diritti successivi dichia-
riamo di trasmettere nella piu espressa e solenne forma.
Enrico R. Cardinale. 15 Lugho 1802.
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
Edited by MARION F. HAMILTON, B.A.(Oxon.)
INTRODUCTION
Recent researches in the Stuart Papers at Windsor * have brought to light vital documents regarding the mystery of the French Treasure buried on the shores of Locharkaig in 1746.
This hoard of gold was originally sent by Louis xv. in aid of the Jacobite cause, but did not reach Scotland until after the battle of Culloden (16th April 1746). Contemporary accounts of its secret burial were published by Andrew Lang in his Companions of Pickle, but no satisfactory statement has ever been given as to its ultimate disposal, nor have the characters of Dr. Archibald Cameron 1 and Macpherson of Cluny 2 been fully cleared of charges of embezzling the louis d'or. It is on these two points that unpublished documents in the Archives at Windsor furnish fresh information. These papers consist of : —
1. The account by Dr. Archibald Cameron of his own and Cluny 's transactions regarding the treasure ; this is addressed to James Francis Edward, and was written at Rome in the spring of 1750.
* The gracious permission of His Majesty the King to make use of material from the Royal Archives, Windsor Castle, is hereby acknowledged. Acknowledgment is also due to Miss Mackenzie, Registrar of the Royal Archives, Miss Henrietta Tayler, and the Hon. Clare Stuart- Wortley for their valuable criticism and suggestions.
1 Younger brother of Donald Cameron, the Lochiel of the '45 ; executed
1753-
2 Laughlan Macpherson, one of the most influential Highland Chiefs out in the '45.
133
134 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
2. Cluny's Account of the expenditure of the treasure
up to the time of his departure from Scotland in 1755.
3. A Paper headed : ' State of the effects which are
presently in Scotland ye 27 Augt. 1754.'
4. A Copy of a confession made at Rome in 1750
concerning the treasure, by Alexander Macdonell, of Glengarry, alias ' Pickle the Spy.'
Andrew Lang in his chapter ' Cluny's Treasure,' in The Companions of Pickle, relied on the reports of govern- ment spies and informers, and took great pains by this means to establish the innocence of Dr. Archibald Cameron and Cluny. But the character of his evidence cannot be regarded as entirely reliable or in any way conclusive. These informers were small fry, whom he himself describes as being ' persons of no historical importance, whose names it is unnecessary to reveal.' He is forced to reject part of the testimony of the most favourable witness for Dr. Cameron, as it incriminated Cluny. He quotes * ' A State of Clunie McPherson's Intromissions ' given by this in- former, and places the first item in italics thus : ' By Cash given Dr. Cameron and Fassifern,2 secured with Fassfern for use of young Lochiel 3 . 6,000.' He then
comments 4 that ' according to this statement, said to be produced as Cluny's, Dr. Cameron did not receive 6,000 L for himself.' Yet in a footnote 5 he says, ' " The State of
1 Andrew Lang, The Companions of Pickle (London 1898), p. 144.
2 John Cameron of Fassifern, another brother of Lochiel.
3 John Cameron, but for the attainder Laird of Lochiel, son of the Lochiel of the '45 (Donald), and 3rd Titular Lord ; Captain in the Albany Regiment ; succeeded his father October 1748, returned to Scotland 1759, died unmarried at Edinburgh, 1762.
4 The Companions of Pickle, p. 145. ' Idem, p. 146.
INTRODUCTION 135
Clunie McPherson's Intromissions," in short, is a fraudulent document. It bears traces of confused manipulation in various interests.' Of what value is it, then, as evidence for or against Dr. Archibald Cameron ? In any case, it seems hardly likely that insignificant persons would have been able to discover accurate information about a secret which, though rumour was busy with it, those principally concerned endeavoured to guard with such care. It seems incredible that Dr. Cameron should have confided in Lang's insignificant informer as is stated.1 Conclusions drawn from sources of this unsatisfactory nature cannot, therefore, be regarded as final.
Moreover, Grant Francis, a later writer on this subject, discovered in the Cluny Archives a serious piece of con- flicting evidence, and had reluctantly to admit that the Doctor was not completely cleared of the accusation of embezzlement, having given a receipt to Cluny for 6,000 L, and he maintained that ' we shall never know the truth of what he did with the 6,000 L.' 2 This contradicts Lang's informer, who says he ' saw Dr. Cameron . . . who denied either he or Fassfern had got any money . . . that the Doctor was off to Rome . . . with only £100 for expenses.' 3
It is generally acknowledged that Archibald Cameron's character was irreproachable apart from the scandal of the French Treasure ; his honesty is further attested by the fact that he undertook the long and dangerous journey to Rome solely to ask permission from James Francis Edward to use the French gold for the distressed Camerons. His own testimony should, therefore, be more reliable
1 Idem, p. 145.
2 Grant R. Francis, F.S.A., The Romance of the White Rose (London,
*933). P- 3"-
3 The Companions of Pickle, p. 143.
136 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
than that of any informer or of his primary accuser Pickle (i.e. Glengarry1), whom Lang showed up as a traitor and ' double-crosser ' of the greatest magnitude. Hitherto Dr. Cameron's own copy of Cluny's account of the expenditure of the treasure up to his (Cameron's) departure from Scotland in 1749, together with his own explanation (unsigned but unquestionably in his hand- writing) of his conduct in the affair, has lain unnoticed among the vast collection of Jacobite papers in the Royal Archives.2
Many points of interest arise out of this account, but the cardinal fact which emerges is, that we have Archibald Cameron's own word for it that he never touched the 6,000 L, except 300 L for the expenses of his journey, although he gave Cluny a pro forma receipt for it, in order to relieve the latter of the responsibility which was evidently proving an intolerable burden and causing him to be ' torn to pieces by the Countrey ' at this time. Thus the problem of Grant Francis is solved, his evidence no longer stands in the way, and we are at last able to discharge this man, who has stood so long in the historical dock, with a verdict of ' Not Guilty.'
Cluny, however, is not so easily exonerated, though there is fresh evidence too of value for his share in the transaction. When he went over to France at Charles's orders in 1755, he sent a full account of his expenditure both to Charles and James,3 which with the covering letters, all signed and written in his own hand, are still extant in the Stuart Papers. There is a disturbing item 4
1 Alexander or Alistair MacDonell, 13th Laird of Glengarry and 3rd Titular Lord ; eldest son of John, 12th Laird and 2nd Titular Lord ; alias ' Pickle the Spy.'
2 Stuart Papers, vol. 300, no. 80 ; see below Document I. p. 146.
3 Idem, vol. 358, nos. 28 and 29 ; see Document II. p. 152.
4 See Document II. p. 153.
INTRODUCTION 137
regarding Dr. Archibald Cameron's conduct which reads
as follows :—
' Taken by Archibald Cameron from the place he and I agreed upon at the time he left Scotland along with his R.H., the mony shou'd be hide, when first he came to Scotland thereafter, for which he said he had an authority from H.R.H., and that he did it for the account of the support of the ruined Family of Locheil, and it has been told me that the money was applyed for that purpose, he afterwards sent me a receipt for the sume, mentioning that he had a better tittle to the management of that money than I had meaning, as is supposed, that he was the person who gave me the charge of it, as before observ'd . 6,000.'
It is obvious that Cluny's and Dr. Archibald's statements do not tally, and therefore we are faced with the fact that one of them is lying, but both probability and some further evidence in the Stuart Papers are on Dr. Cameron's side. From the common-sense standpoint it is illogical to suppose that Dr. Cameron took the trouble to go to Rome to get permission to use the money for Lochiel's family if he intended to put it into a business for himself at Dunkirk, of which Pickle accused him. If, on the other hand, he did receive the money, as Cluny says, and applied it for the benefit of his late brother's family, then what had he to gain by denying at Rome that he had ever touched the money ? The Doctor's journey to Rome can only be explained by a genuine desire to obtain authority to use the treasure in the way proposed. Another point is that if, as Cluny states and Cameron denies, the latter had Charles's authority, then what need was there to go to Rome ?
Whereas Cluny had good reasons for shelving the
138 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
responsibility on to Dr. Cameron's shoulders, according to Dr. Cameron's account, ' Cluny brought Fasfern north to receive the 5,700 Louis.' 1 Now, if Cluny admitted giving John Cameron of Fassifern the 5,700 L, even though it was still for the Lochiel Family's support, he ran the risk of incurring Charles's displeasure for giving away louis to an unauthorised person. Hence he is careful to mention that Archie ' said he had an authority from H.R.H.' He may, too, have preferred to put the onus on Archibald, who was by then dead and could not suffer thereby, than to involve the unfortunate Fassifern, who had only lately been let out of prison. Cluny may well have regarded his inaccurate statement as a white lie, since it did not alter the final disposition of the money, which was his chief concern in rendering his account, and after all Dr. Cameron himself had consented that he should ' show it (the receipt) to the King if needfull.' 2 Cluny need not then be too severely censured, provided his inaccurate statements do not lead us into accusing honest Archibald of misrepresentation of the facts.
There is, however, further evidence that it was Fassifern and not Dr. Cameron who dealt with the 5,700 L. The document headed ' State of the effects which are presently in Scotland ye 27 Augt. 1754 ' (which is annotated in Charles Edward's hand) contains an item which runs as follows : —
' To Archibald Cameron & now in trust for Lochealls sons (which is to be recovered) . . . 6,000.'
(Note by Charles) : ' Given to Camerons Brother Fassfern without orders.' 3
1 See Document I. p. 150.
2 Idem.
3 Staart Papers, vol. 350, no. 50 ; Document III. p. 161.
INTRODUCTION 139
This at least shows that Charles understood that Fassi- fern had charge of this Lochiel trust. Actually this document only rests on the information of H. Patullo x and Lochgarry,2 and it will be shown to be inaccurate in many respects ; however, it is probable that this and most items were founded on the truth. Lang says 3 that ' in May 1753, Fassifern himself, then a prisoner in Edinburgh Castle, was examined. He declined to give any evidence against anybody on any charge. He admitted that in 1749 he received 4,000 L from Evan Cameron of Drumsallie, now dead, for Lochiel's family. He asked no questions, but deposited it with Mr. Macfarlane, W.S., who let it out to Wedderburn of Gosford, in Fassifern's name. Fassifern acted as a near relation for his exiled nephew, Lochiel's son.' Could the 4,000 L be part of the Locharkaig Treasure ? In a letter in the Public Record Office,4 the traitor, Alexander Cameron of Glenevis, informs Lieut. -General Churchill that Fassifern ' got from Clunie £6,000 sterling of the money and carried it with him to Edinburgh in the Winter following (1750), and lodg'd it in the Hands of John Mcpherlane, Writer to the Signet.' This suggests that the money lodged by Fassifern with Macfarlane did derive from Locharkaig, though their figures
1 He was out in the '45 and an agent for Charles Edward in the matter of the recovery of the French Treasure in 1754 ; he is almost certainly the ' Henri Pitillo ' described in the list of Jacobite exiles drawn up at the Scots College, Paris (see Stuart Papers, vol. 296, no. 101), as an ' Aide de Camp . . . d'une ancienne famille, beaucoup souffert dans ses biens ayant ete Negotiant considerable ; il a servi comme Com- missaire et Marechal de Logis dans L'Armee, dont il a les Brevets du Prince desquels Employ. II s'est acquitte avec Diligence, il ne peut pas se retourner.'
2 Donald Macdonell, of Lochgarry, a kinsman of the Glengarrys ; out in the '45 at the head of the Glengarry battalion.
3 The Companions of Pickle, p. 145.
4 S.P. 54/43, no. 28 (f. 98) (State Papers Scotland).
140 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
differ. If, however, Fassifern's estimate of £4,000 is accepted, this would leave 1,700 L out of the 5,700 L to be accounted for, and it is a strange coincidence that in the 1754 account Charles notes that Angus Cameron stole 1,700 L, but he thinks this sum was derived from the 3,000 L stolen by John Murray of Broughton.1 But could not this be an inaccuracy and the 1,700 L have been really taken from Fassifern's hoard ? It seems more probable that a Cameron would be able to discover the whereabouts of louis hidden in his own country than Murray's pile, some of which was in the hands of an Edinburgh merchant 2 and the rest with Menzies of Culdares in Glen Lyon in Perthshire. At any rate, it seems likely that it was Fassifern who administered the Lochiel Trust and not Dr. Archibald Cameron.
Cluny's later account 3 is almost as interesting as that copied by Dr. Cameron at Rome, and the two together give us the complete statement of the dis- posal of the Locharkaig Treasure which has hither- to been lacking. In spite of its somewhat awkward style, there is something very impressive about Cluny's declaration, and the strength of the personality behind it is to be sensed throughout. It gives a prosaic but pathetic picture of the Highlands after the '45 and the part played by the Treasure in the tragedy.
From these two accounts the following reconstruction of an account to cover the whole 35,000 louis (Tors originally landed can be made : —
1 See Document III. p. 162.
2 Stuart Papers, vol. 300, no. 80. See Document I. p. 147, and Stuart Papers, vol. 310, nos. 83 and 84.
3 See Document II. p. 152.
INTRODUCTION 141
Louis
Stolen at the time of landing . . . 800
Given away by Murray of Broughton . . 4,200
Stolen by Murray of Broughton . . . 3,000 Taken 1 away by Charles Edward to France,
18 Sept. '46 3,000
Accounted for by Macpherson of Cluny, 1755 . 24,000
35,000
It is important to note that both Charles 2 and Dr. Cameron agree that all Cluny has to account for is the 24,000 L. It is also noteworthy that Cluny is entirely open about his appropriations for his personal use. It is significant that both Patullo's and Lochgarry's account 3 tally with Dr. Archibald's copy of Cluny's Account in this respect, that the items referring to Cluny's personal expenditure add up to 1,700 L. According to Dr. Cameron, he was going to reserve 5,000 L to be disposed of at his discretion. It was possible, therefore, for him to spend 6,700 L for his own purposes, and according to his own account the items spent on himself, his family and friends amount to 6,230, which so nearly tallies with Dr. Cameron's estimate and is so much above Lochgarry's and Patullo's that it seems reasonable to accept Cluny's version as the truth.
These documents also help to clear up another point of mystery raised by Grant Francis concerning the Locharkaig Treasure. He quotes a letter, written by Lochgarry on 22nd June 1750 4 to Charles, in which he says : ' I . . . forward the present letter which covers a just copy of the
1 Stuart Papers, vol. 350, no. 50. See Document III. p. 161.
2 Idem.
3 Idem.
4 Stuart Papers, vol. 308, no. 38, and Romance of the White Rose, p. 308.
142 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
State Clunie gave me. By it your Royal Highness will observe that no less a sum than 16,000 louis d'ors may still be recovered of the money. . . .' Grant Francis naturally asked ' Who had them ? ' and replies, like Andrew Lang, ' Pickle.' But according to Dr. Archibald and Cluny, ' Pickle ' only received 300 L. It is interesting that Cluny does not mention seeing the forged letter from James Francis Edward, of which Grant Francis and Andrew Lang speak, but only verbal ' plausable accounts.' It has already been shown that the total can be accounted for without allocating more than the 300 L to ' Pickle,' but that Charles thought there were still between 16,000 and 17,000 remaining and that it was for this reason that he sent for Cluny in 1755, is perfectly true. The mystery is explained by the third document, printed here for the first time, which is dated 27th Augt. 1754 and headed ' State of the effects which are presently in Scotland.' x
It will be seen from this account that the 16,000 L was calculated on the assumption that 6,700 L would be recoverable not from buried treasure, but from sums already ' taken without orders,' and that Cluny still had in his hands 9,150 L ; Patullo and Lochgarry were evidently unaware of Cluny's further expenditure on himself and his friends and relations. It is clear, therefore, that this 16,850 L was purely an imaginary balance, which had no relation to the real state of the cash. The answer to the problem of ' who had the 16,000 L ? ' is that they never existed except on paper. The account itself is obviously inaccurate and misleading in many ways, as it begins by reckoning the total of the Treasure at 36,000 P, so that at the outset a false addition of 1,000 L is made. On the other hand, the sum said to be lost at removing is given
1 Stuart Papers, vol. 350, no. 50. See Document III. p. 161.
INTRODUCTION 143
at 500 L, and Cluny puts it at only 425. The 4,200 1 given by Murray of Broughton for arrears of pay for the troops, etc., is left out of the reckoning altogether. The small payments, such as those to Torcastle and ' Archeille's lady,' do not appear on either Cluny 's or Archy's accounts, but they are probably approximately accurate and are no doubt included in one of the larger sums, such as the 13th item in Cluny's account,2 and would come under the heading of ' other friends who attended him ' (Charles).
Another mystery of importance in connection with the Locharkaig Treasure, on which these Stuart Papers throw some though imperfect light, is the ultimate fate of the 3,000 L stolen by Murray of Broughton, £900 sterling of which was said to be in Menzies of Culdair's hands. According to Lochgarry,3 ' Menzies of Culldairs has still in his hands nine hundred pound of the money that John Murray brought South . . . [This] can be got immediately if Jamie McLeod writes to his fayrth.' He also states that ' Glengary got of the money yt. John Murray gave William McDougall £1,100.' The first statement is probably untrue (see footnote 5, p. 162), but the second, according to the evi- dence of Pickle himself, is approximately correct. There is among the Stuart Papers a copy, in the hand of Andrew Lumisden,4 of Glengarry's confession 5 regarding the money lodged with William Macdougal of Edinburgh by Murray
1 See Document I. p. 146.
2 See Document II. p. 156.
3 Stuart Papers, vol. 310, no. 84.
4 Andrew Lumisden, who described himself in Stuart Papers, vol. 302, no. 3, as ' descended from . . . Lumisden of Cushnie and Bruce of Clack- manan ' ; he was the grandson of the Bishop of Edinburgh and son of the Jacobite Governor of Burntisland ; was out in the '45 as Under-Secretary to Charles ; acted as Secretary to James Edgar and succeeded him as Secretary to James Francis Edward in 1762 ; retired from Charles's service in 1768.
6 Stuart Papers, vol. 310, nos. 82, 83. See Document IV. p. 164.
144 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
of Broughton. The document bears no signature, but it is obviously not by Lumisden, as the writer of the original has to fulfil the following conditions : 1. He must have been at Rome for 5 months in August 1750 ; 2. He must be a member of a leading Roman Catholic clan ; 3. His father must be ill in 1750 and at one time a prisoner in Edinburgh Castle ; 4. He must have lost a brother in the '45 who left a widow and two young children. The only person who has all these qualifications is ' Pickle.'
To attach any importance to Pickle's statements may seem irrational, but this document is the only evidence at present available as to the expenditure of this portion of the Locharkaig Treasure, and there are one or two indications that for once he is speaking the truth. The sums which he confesses to have had for his father's estate and his relations adds up to £1,050, which is only £50 short of Lochgarry's estimate. Moreover, two of the items in the account of the money administered by Macdougal could have been easily checked. Andrew Lumisden would hardly have copied ' To Mr. Lumisden to be sent to his son . . . £75 5 ' 1 without comment if it had been a lie. Again, it would have been dangerous to give a false account of money sent to Michele Vezzosi,2 who in 1750 had returned to Charles's service and was in his household at Avignon. It is also significant that John Murray of Broughton, in his account 3 of some £37,755 (which includes the Loch- arkaig Treasure and sums from other sources), also gives the amounts deposited with Menzies of Culdares as £3,500
1 See Document IV. p. 168.
2 An Italian who was a valet for many years in the Stuart household in Rome and who accompanied Charles to Arisaig in '45. He surrendered during the campaign and was imprisoned by the Government and not released until 1747. He is the author of a biography of Charles known as ' Juba.' See Document IV. p. 168.
3 Printed in the Appendix of Robert Chambers's History of the Rebellion in Scotland 1745-46 ' (1869), p. 522, item 38.
INTRODUCTION 145
and 351 guineas.1 Another striking point is that if the sum of Pickle and MacdougaPs expenditure and Murray's £500 2 is subtracted from the total deposited in Culdairs's hands, the balance is £878, 9s. 8d., which after all is very- near Lochgarry's estimate of £900. Thus, although nothing can be definitely proved, it seems not unreasonable to attach at least some interest to Pickle's version of the affair.
Historians have always looked with horror at the bitter- ness roused by the French Treasure, but these documents in the Stuart Papers suggest that those who handled it did so rather for the sake of their families and in order that these might survive for another rebellion, than from personal greed. We see in this story what all through is both the strength and the weakness of the Jacobite movement — family tradition, which kept loyalty alive but brought with it petty jealousy and suicidal rivalry. It is satisfactory, however, to know that the spending of the Treasure was for the most part by those who had lost all for the cause and not by their ungrateful Prince, whose view of finance is well summed up in his own words : — 3
'. . . as to Money Matters as I never medled or maked in it, I can have nothing to say on ye subject and in reality, as to me in particular these Matters at present are the least of my conserns. . . . Charles P.'
MARION F. HAMILTON.
1 See Document IV. p. 167.
2 Idem, p. 165.
3 Stuart Papers, vol. 289, no. 4.
DOCUMENT I
DR. ARCHIBALD CAMERON'S MEMORIAL CON- CERNING THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE*
Louis 1. Ane Accompt of 35,000 Louis D'ors sent from France and landed on the West Highlands of Scotland the beginning of May, 1746 by order of Sr. Thomas Sheridan 1 and Mr. Murray 2 Secretary to H. Royal Highness and taken in charge by Murray who continued in the Coun- trey as it was then resolved to goe again to arms 35,000
Stollen in time of landing when the French vessels that carry 'd it was ingaged with English Men of war by a fellow who went abroad in one of those ships whose name was conceal'd by the Priest who had it from him in confession . 800
Given by Mr. Murray to diferent Corps of the Army for arrears due some months before ; also towards charges in bringing up their men to a Rendevous against a day apointed according to concert 4,200
* Stuart Papers, vol. 300, no. 80. Undated and unsigned, but written in his handwriting, probably at the time of his visit to Rome in the spring of 1750.
1 Thomas Sheridan, Titular Bt. ; tutor to Charles Edward at Rome ; out in the '15 and the '45 ; son of the Thomas Sheridan who was secretary to James 11. ; died at Rome, 1746.
2 John Murray of Broughton, who became Jacobite Agent in Scotland on Col. James Urquhart's death and acted as Charles Edward's Secretary during the '45 ; turned King's evidence when brought to trial.
146
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
Carryd south by Mr. Murray and lodged in Mr. McDouels 1 hand att Edr. .... H.R. Highness in Sepr. 1746 brought abroad
Remains after subtracting the 11,000 out of the 35,000
which 24,000 Louis was given in charge by H.R.H. to Clunie and Angus Cameron Brother to Glenevis was desired to be ane assistant trusted under Clunie being his neighbour. Clunie was to remove the money to his own Countrey after parting with H.H. the Acct. of which will best apear by the subjoined Copy of one sent by Cluny the original haveing been shown to His Majesty.
2. Copy of Clunies Acct.2 of the
To diferent setts of people as per particular direc- tions in writeing ......
In Angus Camerons hand ....
To John Cameron of Fasfern to pay of the by run Cess and stipens of Locheils Estate
Given to some of my own friends first on account of my own safety and next on account that the houses of severalls of them were burned and their cattle carryed away, I was necessitate to lay out the following sume upon them to keep them in good humour, for all the Countreys in Scotland that were concerned in this afair, were turned my Enemys, on account of their
147
Louis
3,000 3,000
11,000 24,000
24,000
Louis
750
3,000
350
1 William MacDougall, a wine merchant in Edinburgh and brother-in- law of John Murray of Broughton.
2 The original of this account, made by Cluny, was dated 22nd Sept. 1749. See Document III. p. 163, and footnote 3.
148 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
Louis
being strongly impressed, that all H. Hs money had been left in my Custody with particular orders from himself to divide and distribute it amongst such as were concerned in his cause, but in place of answer H. Highnesses directions and as every thing had turned out wrong, I was (as they aprehended) to keep and retain all for my own private use, and a great many of the people have even to this day the same un- charitable and unjust notion runing in their heads by being on this unlucky situation I durst not venture to shelter or sculk among such as were formerly my friends yea my relations and well wishers, and it may be judged had I been lost my whole trust and charge had gone alongst with me att the same time I have taken bills for the throng of the money, not knowing but the same might be hereafter demanded, Inde . 500
To Fasfern for his expences and in order to enable
him to lable the claims upon Locheils Estate . 100
To Major Kenedy 1 6,000
To McPherson of Breachacky 2 who went with the
money to Kenedy ..... 600
Exausted in suport of myself, necessary servants, Secretarys, and trustees, and for the subsist- ance of my Wife, Family and Children for the space of four years ..... 1,200
To intaick in the money and part of it that was
lost and never recovered .... 481
12,981
11,019
1 Major Kennedy, alias Thomas Newton ; one of Charles Edward's chief agents for the recovery of the Treasure.
2 Brother-in-law of Macpherson of Cluny.
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE 149
4. (Unfortunately page 3 of this document is missing and Dr. Cameron's memorial begins in the middle, on page 4) : —
Being importuned by repeated invitations att diferent times, by Clunie and Fasfern Locheils Brother, Archie Cameron consented to goe that dangerous journey but first in March 1749 sent to Cluny for charges to goe to Rome to aply to H. Majesty for some of the money in Scotland to relieve Locheils afairs, that misgiveing, he went in Sept- ember thereafter to Scotland, Clunie would not see him untill he would bring his Brother Fasfern to the meeting, which was done, and Clunie came to Gerarie ten miles to the southward to meet them, Clunie asked Archie if he had orders from the King or Prince about money, for Locheil or him, the other answer'd he had not, Clunie said he had remaining 11,000 Louis, of which he thought he should have 5,000 and 6,000 to be lodged in Fasferns hands as he was torn to pieces by the Countrey about that money he would keep none of it, but what he would take for himself for the most of which he had the Princes allowance in writeing. Archie proposed that Clunie should either retain all in his own hands or put part in his, and give him charges to H. Majesty in hopes to obtain orders to have it aplyd as above, but Clunie would have 6,000 lodged with Fasfern except 300 Louis he sent for which was given Archie as his charges, to lay the afair before The King, who he was convinced would aprove of it, as the neighbours had their Estates and could recover their clan from poverty thorow time as being under themselves, which was not the case with Locheil and him, he ownd indeed there was but few of his people whose efects was taken, but that was not the case with Locheils clan who were in general plunderd by the troops, being numerous and many of good substance the loss was the greater and att that very time the Government Factors were raiseing what efects the tennants [torn] for the past four years rents, it was thought that it would be for the Kings interest as well theirs that there should be a fund towards pleaing for the Estates, failing of that for laying in claims of debts, and failing of that att second hand to
150 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
purchase either a part of their own Estate or a little ground near their clan as the only means to keep a family in being. Clunie proposed to Archie as he had taken upon him the retaining 5,000 for himself that Archie should give him a letter as if he had taken the 6,000 designed for Locheil att his own hand out of the place Archie knew the money lay formerly in, which Archie was so well natured as to do, as Clunie was only to show it to the King if needfull, and Archie was going directly to H. Majesty with ane account of all, the real fact is that Archie did not know where Clunie removed the money to after the Prince came abroad as apears by Clunies acct. sent the King, further severals who were present knows that Archie saw none except the 300 Louis Clunie sent for and that Archie parted with Clunie and came south, Clunie brought Fasfern north to receive the 5700 Louis, this is what will turn out true.
5. It would be tedious and oficious to trouble H. Majesty with all the arguments recommended by Clunie and Fasfern to be used to convince H.M. that the aplication of the remaining part of that money, to help to keep and suport the Chiefs of Locheils and Clunies familys, att the head of their Clans, would be a means to keep them in a body together, fitt to serve the King thereafter, as well as thrive themselves, Clunie desires it should be represented that H.R. Highness att parting as well as before was so good as promise him and others, in case H.H. did not soon receive succours to invade Brittain, that none of that money ever should be taken out of Scotland but given to the greatest suferers, therefore he hopes H. Majesty will aprove of what he has done with the 11,000 Louis.
What Glengarry gave out as haveing orders
from the King
In Octr. 1749 Glengarry wanted much to see Archie Cameron who then was newly come from Scotland upon pressing bussiness from the King, att meeting Glengarry
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE 151
said he had a letter from H. Majesty directing him to go to Scotland and know if the highland Chiefs and others would join for the King in case a number of troops (I think six thousand) which were offerd H. Majesty should land with arms and money, att the same time had power to raise what money was in Clunies hands to carry on the Kings service which he said must still be a good sum, upon his promiseing to show the Kings letter Archie Cameron gave him a letter to Clunie aproveing of ane attempt by the Kings direction upon Brittain, then Glengarry told him he had sent the Kings letter and all his papers, the day before to Paris to Sr. Hector (MacLean), he sent to my Lord Glencarty,1 desiring his Lordshipe to preingage his friends in England for the Kings service, he met Fasfern and Clunie in December in diferent places and showed them his credentials from the King, and said he had orders to take accompt of the money, as well as the Kings cause which was the afair of consequence he was about, Breack- achy Clunies Brother in law some little time thereafter att Edr. told Fasfern that Glengarry thorow the faith of his credentiall got 300 Louis from Clunie, and six hundred Louis from Angus Cameron, Clunies trustee who was mentioned by Clunie in his accompt as removed money unknown to Clunie those accounts are lately by letters from Clunie and Fasfern.
1 Robert MacCarthy, but for the attainder 5th Earl of Clancarty and 3rd Viscount Muskerry ; Governor of Newfoundland 1733-35 ; went to France and adopted the Jacobite cause in 1741 ; died 1769 ; his most usual alias was John Elliot.
DOCUMENT II
ACCOUNT BY LAUGHLAN MACPHERSON OF CLUNY OF THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE,
Rendered to James Francis Edward and Charles Edward when called to France by the Latter in the Spring of 1755.*
State of the disposal of the money left hide in the Hills in Locheils Country Lochaber and the places where it was sowen by Archibald Cameron Brother to Locheil, to Cluny Macpherson, being at that time no more than the sume of 24,000 pieces, conform to a note given of it to Cluny by H.R.H. under his own hand dated the 18 September 1746 at the time he took shiping for France, and at which time H.R.H. laid his commands upon Cluny to remain in the Country and shift for himself in the best manner he could and at any expence untill he shou'd see him there person- ally again, or that he had his orders in writing to come abroad, which accordingly Cluny obeyed untill call'd Spring 1755.
Louis Taken away by Angus Cameron Brother to Glen- ennewass from the place where it was hide, which Locheil and his Brother Archebald had made him Privie to, and which he did of himself and without my knowledge and which fact he acknowledged thereafter and being knowen to all, serves sufficiently to exoner me . . 3,000
* Stuart Papers, vol. 358, no. 28 to Charles Edward and no. 29 to James Francis Edward. The two accounts are identical except that the Old Chevalier's copy is endorsed by his secretary, James Edgar, ' Cluny Macphersons accompt sent to the king in his letter Sepr 8th 1755, wch H.M. answered Sepr 29th telling him he could not enter into the affair of that money.' 152
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE 153
Louis Taken away by Archebald Cameron from the place he and I agreed upon, at the time he left Scotland along with his R.H., the money shou'd be hide, when first he came to Scotland there- after, for which he said he had authority from H.R.H. and that he did it for the account of the support of the Ruined Family of Locheil, and it has been told me the money was applyed for that purpose, he afterwards sent me a receipt for the sume, mentioning that he had a better tittle to the management of that money than I had, meaning as is suppos'd, that he was the person who gave me the charge of it, as before observ'd ....... 6,000
Given to Cameron of Fassfern Locheils Brother at his earnest request, and in consequence of Locheils warm recommendations at parting, in order to prevent Locheils tennants who had been in the Prince's service from being oppress'd for the Cess & Church dues dureing the years that they cou'd not act for themselves, to pro- vide money any other way, for what was due by their respective farms ; as also lodgeing the severall claims in the exchequer on Locheils Estate, for which I have receipts . . . 450
Given to many sufferers after his R.H. departure in consequence of ane order left me under his own hand & for which I have receipts . . 800
(end of 1st page) 10,250 Brought from the other side . 10,250
Given to Major Kennedy by H.R.H. orders in a holograph write upon a small pearchment, directing me to believe and comply with what- ever the Major told me, for which I have his receipts ....... 6,020
Given to Breakachie who went twice into England
154 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
Louis
to Major Kennedy and who brought two order(s) from the Major to pay to him and for which I have Kennedies orders . . . 600
Taken to myself in consequence of ane order from Major Kennedy, and which I applyed by the advice of the best lawyers towards purchassing debts upon my own Estate, so as I might be in condition to cause buy the fortune for my own family when it should come to a sale before the exchequer. But the Government haveing after- wards contrary to all expectations or precedent taken resolutions to annext the Highland Estates to the Crown of which Number Mine is one, and the Government haveing the Estate in their possession have never payed any interest on these claims, and it is even the oppinion of the most knowing men of the law that the sume will be entirely lost, for altho' they are vested in the persons of trustees, yet there is not now a possi- bility of avoiding a discovery that they are on my account, in which case they will be cut of, and which renders my Family prospects very Mortifying 3,200
Given to Glengarrie in presence of Lochgarrie who came to me together and told me plausable accounts of affairs of Importance they had to manage for H.R.H. and showing at the same time that they were not in safety to carrie papers or bring ane order in writing, and it was with difficultie I cou'd prevail on them to be content with the sume for which I have Glen- garries Recept viz. ..... 300
Given to Angus MacDonnell Brother to Loch- garrie who was a valuable officer in the 1745 & was a great sufferer in consequence, for which I have his recept ...... 25
Lost in the severall removealls by the Rotting of Bags and breaking of Casks, for not being at
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE 155
Louis Liberty to Oversee it myself I was obliged to trust to persons in whoes honesty and integrity I had grounds to put confidence. There were also a great Number of the peices found bad & which still remain in the hands of some of my friends and for all which I can procure attesta- tions from those to whose care I recommended it and who I have reason to believe are men of veracity and very possiblie the money might have been lost in removealls before I was made privie to it . . . . . . . 425
(end of 2nd page) . 20,820 Brought from the other side . 20.820
Thus I can give instructions as satisfactorie as the nature of the case can admitt of for the disposall of 20,820 pd. Ster. as above. Follows ane Account of the rest which I was obliged to deburse from time to time according as the necessity of circumstances & prudence required, with sincere views to his R.H. Intrest as well as my own believe- ing that I in every respect acted the resonable part viz. :
Louis There being a misnomer in my attender I was advis'd by the best lawyers both in England and Scotland to endeavour to reduce it, I accord- ingly rais'd and carried on a proces to that effect believeing I thereby did H.R.H. Cause a very reall service, providing I cou'd succeed and recover my Estate which wou'd of course have continued and strengthened my Intrest in the country. But contrary to all expectations and to all precedents it went against me, and the expence of the attempt mounted to . . 150
As I then was certain my Estate was past all hopes of recovery and that I had thenceforth no place of residence in the country Either for
156 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
Louis
myself, my Family, or relations and that of course my Influence in the Country in favours of his R.H. would be entirely lost, granting their shou'd be any opportunity to exert it, and of which I was for some years hourly in hopes. In this situation I by the advice of friends resolved to take a long lease of a large farm or tack of land, from the Duke of Gordon lying in my own Country in a trustees name for my account, believeing I thereby did the Royall cause a very reall service, as I am persuaded it will keep my Influence in that part of the world still some- thing considerable, so was obliged to pay in advance to obtain the lease .... 400
Paid for the expences of my own subsistance and for guards and watches for the safety of my own person dureing the course of Nine long melan- cholly years, likeways for the subsistance [of] guards and watches for the safety of his H.R.'s person and that of other friends who attended him while he stayed with me, which happened to be his case when the ships arriv'd for him. Also for the care trouble and attendance for watching and removeing the money and other effects, which were left to my charge, and all of it in consequence of my express orders from H.R.H. Including likeways considerable articles which my own breast moved me to give in charity for the relief of many poor Families who groan 'd in want by haveing their houses burn'd to the ground their cattle and goods carried off, were at the point of perishing in missrie . 1,450
22,820 Brought from the other side . 22,820
Paid for the subsistance of my wife and children for ten years, for her Father Lord Lovat's
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE 157
Louis
Family being likeways included in the destruc- tion cou'd give them no assistance, so had no place to put their heads in, My Family house the best in that part of the world, being burn'd by Cumberland's orders to the ground, neither had they a sixpence to live on, my whole effects both moveable and lands being Immediately taken possession off, also for the Subsistance, Educa- tion, and small settlement of two young Brothers and a young sister who were left to my care by the last words of a dying Father whoes gray hairs, the shock given the Royall cause and the misfortune of his own Family, brought in a Grief to the Grave ..... 1,030
So at the time H.R.H. orders in writing to come abroad reach 'd me, there remain 'd in my hands and which has come short in bearing my ex- pences to Paris and of Equiping me out there in a decent manner. For I considered a small spareing in expences was not to be put in ballance with Immediate obedience to his com- mands ; I therefore sett out post directly as the most prudent and most expeditious, tho' at the same time the most expensive way . . 150
24,000
Thus I give under my hand a reall and candit account of the disposall of the whole sume that was recommended to me. — I beg the liberty to add and I declare I do it without vanity, That at the time I had the honour to join the standard of His R.H. I left behind me a reasonable fortune, Ane unstain'd reputation, and perhaps greater prosperity than I cou'd have had by his success ; for about six weeks before his R.H. arriv'd in Scotland, a Commission unask'd for, was sent me to my own house by the Government to raise a Company for myself in Lord Loudons Regiment of Highlanders. I had also undertaken with success for some
158 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
years before to suppress by my action and Intrest alone most of the thifts and depredations in those parts which have been for many ages complain'd off, and in that very year 1745 had the Noblemen and Gentlemen of the best Families and fortunes in the North of Scotland under Contracts, at their own earnest request, to pay me eight hundred pound sterling a year, and many more were like- ways ready to subscribe towards Ane undertakinge of so generall benefite and which had never been effectually perform'd untill I engag'd in it. So that I had great Grounds to consider, that I cou'd have sitt at home in peace, when other officers were oblidged to attend or perhaps goe abroad with the Regiment, and clear 'd a thousand pd. ster. a year by these articles, besides my Family Estate, yet I was willing and ready when my Prince appear'd to act up to my duty with that honour and loyaltie my fore- fathers had always done & trust the rest to providence.
I beg leave likeways to add that many times since his R.H. left Scotland I had messages delivered to my friends, That if I wou'd give up his R.H.'s Plate to Cumberland, who wou'd be prouder of and put more value on it, than the acquisition of a hundred thousand pounds, I might make my own terms ; yet altho' the Place in so far as I can judge wou'd have been greatly over payed by the Bargain I dispis'd from my soul what I considered the rewards of Iniquity. Yet at the same time I have good grounds to believe there are many who were in his Royal H.'s service wou'd not have been proof of such a temptation had it been equally in their power. — In regard likeways that I had done more alone in suppressing thifts and depredations than the power and attention of the Government had ever done before, Many of the Clergie in Scotland had urg'd my friends, That I wou'd allow the Generall Assemblie to make a peremtorie demand in my favour. But I disdain'd to give the world a handle to say that I had acted inconsistantly.
I shall take the same opportunity to declare upon the word of a Christian and a man of honestie that I never saw or cou'd hear of the casket of valuable things H.R.H. says was among his Plate : That I never haveing been at free-
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE 159
dom to look after any thing myself, I employ'd no person in the care of them but such to whoes truth and veracity I had reason to believe, I might have trusted the value of a Kingdom in untold gold, and they all declared solemnly to me they never once saw it. Yet as these effects were removed to avoid danger at least fifty different times, and often by different hands always in the dark of night, some- times throwen into falls of water, sometimes into marshes, and sometimes into pits dug on purpose in the grounds the casket might very possiblie be brocke and left by accedent in one of these places, and for that reason I upon the first notice given me of such a casket haveing been which was by a line under H.R.H. own hand from aboard the ship at his setting out for France, I went personally in moon light and caus'd search all these places with the outmost attention and care in my own presence but without success, nor could all my endeavours ever after procure the least notice of it, or of any one thing it containd. — I may further add that had not I and my people been active in it the very night of Culloden the waggon and all it containd had fallen a prey to the first comer, for I found it on the high road deserted by every person, so his R.H.'s personall dress which it contain'd was sent him, and the Plate I have given orders to send how soon a safe method of conveying, can be found, and I am certain it will be delivered unhurt by me or by any of my people.
I have enlarg'd the more upon these subjects that I know my name has been a good deall spoke off and even us'd freedom with by the world. For my haveing been attentive to prevent the Government's ever geting the least notice of his R.H. or his friends dureing their stav with me, of the goods he trusted to my care, or even of my own person, their resentment was so highly provock'd that they wou'd have stuck at no premium to be reveng'd. — The confidence also his R.H. did me the honour to place in me, had provock'd the jealosie, envey, and I may even add Malice of many who shou'd have been friends, and who without doubt imagin'd that the whole money which came to Scotland was left with me, whereas there were
160 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
24,000 peices as above. — Conscious however of my own conduct and the uprightness of my intentions, their ill founded calumenie gives me no pain. Yet I was desireous to give all the satisfaction in my power where I think it due. — So without being mov'd by fear to disguise, or prompted by vanity to augment, I have represented facts as they really are for the sake of truth alone, and that all these things are reall truths I declare before God & the world.
Macpherson of Cluny.
DOCUMENT III
' STATE OF THE EFFECTS WHICH ARE PRESENTLY IN SCOTLAND ye 27 Augt. 1754 ' *
There came at first ....
imbazeled at ye arival
taken by J. Murray x (without orders)
Distributed by orders
Brought to France (By myself)
to John Cameron Son to Glenevies (without orders)
to Archibald Cameron & now in trust for lochealls
Sons 2 (which is to be recovered 3) (Given to
Camerons Brother Fassferns without orders) . Given among the Macphersons (without orders) . Charged by Clunie for expencess etc. (without
orders) .......
given by Clunie to M. Kenedi 4 (By orders) allow'd by Mr. K. to Brackachey (which shoud be
out of ye 6,000) ......
P
36,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 3,000 3,000
6,000 500
1,200 6,000
600
* Stuart Papers, vol. 350, no. 50. This account is written in the hand of Charles Edward's mistress, Clementina Walkinshaw, and is annotated by Charles, but it is obviously drawn up from particulars given by Loch- garry in the undated account probably enclosed in his letter in vol. 350, no. 37. (The account is erroneously bound in vol. 310, no. 84.)
1 Brackets in this document denote the handwriting of Charles himself in the original document.
2 Not in Charles's hand.
3 In Charles's hand. Brackets again denote Charles's hand.
4 In 1754 Charles accused Kennedy of embezzlement of this sum, but in a letter to his banker, John Waters of Paris (Stuart Papers, vol. 350, no. 42), he admits an error and says that he remembers that part of the 6,000 L was brought by Kennedy on his person just before he went to England in 1750, and the remainder was remitted by bills of exchange later — hence his confusion.
t 161
162 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
P
Said to be lost in removing .... 500 to John Cameron Brother to locheall (without
orders) ....... 100
to Lodwich Cameron 1 (without orders) . . 100
to archeille and his lady 2 (without orders) . . 50
to Archibald Cameron (without orders) . . 300
applyd towards paying the Cess and stipends of
Lochealls estate (without orders) . . . 500
Sum 3 of ye Accoun given by P.4 and Logary . 26,850
Shoud remain by this without what may be
recovered particularly ye six thousand of
Cameron which is said to be shure . . . 9,150
36,000
Menzies 5 of Culdairs has nine hundred P. of J. Murais three thousand Pound he stole also seventeen hundred taken by Angus Cameron, may be recovered out of ye three thousand of which were distributed as folos : —
1 Mr. Ludovick Cameron of Torcastle, fourth son of Sir Ewan of Lochiel, and therefore uncle to the Lochiel of the '45, and his brothers, Dr. Archibald Cameron and John of Fassifern. He accused Dr. Archibald in a letter to Charles (Stuart Papers, vol. 344, no. 195) of ' taking away a round sum of your highness's money,' and says that his nephew confessed as much to him at Rome ; but this possibly referred to the ^300 for travelling ex- penses, and his evidence against the Doctor does not deserve the attention paid to it by Lang in Companions of Pickle, p. 141.
2 Charles Stewart of Ardshiel and his wife, Isabella Haldane.
3 From this point onwards the document is written entirely by Charles himself.
* H. Patullo.
* In 1765 Charles commissioned Hugh Seton to recover this sum from Culdairs, but he failed to do so and wrote to Abbe John Gordon, Principal of the Scotch College, Paris (Stuart Papers, vol. 428, no. 135) : ' I had . . . a full conversation with Mr. Menzies about it, and he answered me that he had, soon after he received that money, repaid it to an order brought him from the person (i.e. John Murray of Broughton) who had left it with him which order was brought by the persons brother-in-law (i.e. William Macdougal, merchant in Edinburgh). So no furder satisfaction is to be expected as to this affaire.'
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE 163
P
To Docter Cameron, Balhady,1 and Lord
Semple 2 ..... 1,000
After again sent to Doctor Cameron . . 200
Also to Lodwich Cameron .... 100
3
So still must remain ..... 1,700
So that by ye above account one shou'd have shure ye Sums mentioned to be recovered id est : —
From what Cameron got .... 6,000 From Angus Cameron .... 1,700
Still not stolen . . . . . .9,150
Totall in existence ..... 16,850
By Clunies account as it was said by A. Cameron to have been writ in his own hand ye 22d. Sepr. 1749. Given to ye K. sent me by J. Edgar March 1750 ye Balance was thus : —
There was in his hands .... 24,000
Given away to severals .... 12,981 Still remaining good ..... 11,019
As ye sum he had was thus . . . 24,000 Remember when I saw him last there was
ye year 1747 27,000
of which I took ..... 3,000
1 William Drummond of Balhaldy, a MacGregor who assumed the name of Drummond on the suppression of the Clan Gregor. He acted with Francis Sempill (2nd Titular Lord) as a Jacobite agent in Paris and took a leading part in the initial plotting of the '45.
2 Francis Sempill, 2nd Titular Lord, eldest son of Robert, 1st Titular Lord ; an active Jacobite agent in Paris, 1740-45 ; died 1748.
3 This paragraph is evidence for the date of Document I.
DOCUMENT IV
COPY OF CONFESSION BY GLENGARRY {alias 'PICKLE THE SPY') CONCERNING THE LOCH- ARKAIG TREASURE, made at Rome, 30th August 1750 *
Copy.
Sir,
'Tis now five months since I came to Rome and nothing could have detained me so long but waiting your Majesty's orders, and in expectation of knowing H.R.H. determina- tion as to the papers sent him by your Majesty concerning the situation of the Highlands ; but finding myself of late pressed by my friends repeated sollicitations, and my fathers continued illness to return home. I think it is my duty in my present situation to lay before your Majesty what particularly regards my family, and then submit myself to your Majesty's royal pleasure.
I can't express what misery my unhappy part of the country has suffered since the battle of Culloden ; all our farms being pillaged, the farmers rendered incapable for several years to come to pay any rent, as the troops used them with greater rigor for their being Catholics than they did the other Clans ; this, with my father's being close prisoner above three years, wch. totally ruined his constitution, and the many difficulties he laboured under during that time, has brought his family almost to the very brink of ruin.
I take now the liberty to acquaint your Majesty of one
* Stuart Papers, vol. 310, nos. 82 and 83. This copy is made in the handwriting of Andrew Lumisden (see footnote 4, p. 143). 164
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE 165
particular, and I hope you'll be graciously pleased to pardon my not doing it sooner, as my delaying it pro- ceeded from no other motive than that no family point of interest should in the least interfere with the general cause.
Your Majesty will be pleased to know, that Mr.
Murray of Broughton coming south from the Highlands
in hopes of making his escape, brought with him near
3500 £ str. but finding it cumbersome depositated the
whole in the hands of Mr. Menzies of Culdairs, who,
upon Mr. Murray's being taken sent 2,500 £ str. to Mr.
Makdougal1 Merchant at Edinburgh, and he sent 500 £ str.
to Mr. Murray, but when he became evidence supplied
him no further, wch. he resenting threatened to pursue him
at law, wch. so alarmed him that he would have advanced
him the whole, had not Mr. John MackLeod Advocate
advised him to the contrary. When I returned from the
Highlands to Edinburgh, I found him in some concern as
to the fate of this money, as he, without any authority,
had distributed to different persons near 1500 £ str.
I proposed, that if he would deliver in my hands what
remained, part of which I would distribute to such as
had received no assistance since H.R.H. left the country,
I would endeavour to procure a full discharge of the whole
from Mr. Murray. This he gladly accepted of as it screened
him from refunding what money he had spent. I applied
to Mr. Murray by way of letter for the discharge, this he
instantly granted, claiming at the same time 880 £ str. for
money advanced by him to the Prince. When I delivered
Mr. Murray's letter to Mr. Makdougal, he remitted to me
what remained in his hands ; but how soon they were in
possession of the Mr. Murray's letter, Culdairs thought
proper to retain what money lay in his hands, under
pretence, as I suppose, that what money I received was
sufficient for the intended distribution, and that he would
retain what he had until! your Majesty or H.R.H. pleasure
were intimated to him.
1 See footnote i, p. 147.
166 THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
What I received from Mr. Makdougal was, 400 £ str. given to pay the stipends of my fathers lands during the Prince's expedition, were not this expedient the presby- terian ministers would have given up their claim to the government ; who already has bought most of the debts of our estate in hopes to oblige us to sell it, by wch. means they would be in possession of all the lands 'twixt the east and west sea, wch. is the center of the loyal Clans. Given my father in the Castle of Edinburgh 150 £ str. Distributed to the poor widows and orphans of Glenmoriston 200 £ str. These poor people were in the utmost distress, most of the farmers having been transported. 160 £ str. given to my brother's widow, who was most cruelly treated, her house burnt and turned out of all her habitations, exposed to the inclement weather, at the seame time having two young orphans to take care of, and at the time to be brought to bed of a third. 110 £ str. given in part payment of 400 £ str. my brother bought of arms in the year forty five. 30 £ str. to pay different expresses sent to loyal gentlemen.
This is the whole of this affair, and tho' thirty thousand pounds sterling were left with Cluny Mack Pherson, I can assure your Majesty this is all the assistance any Catholic family received, tho' their numbers in the affair and losses far exceeded any of the other Clans ; yet I never would have meddled in any manner whatsoever with this money could there ever been the least expectation of recovering it for H.R.H. or even had it been any of the money left by the Prince in the country to be kept for more material services. Besides your Majesty will see by the enclosed list that it would have been at any rate imbezled. Mr. Makdougal has my obligatory receipt for the whole should I be so unhappy as that my conduct in this should be disapproved by your Majesty.
I never, please your Majesty, communicated this affair to any mortal tho' I fear the noise of my being lately in Scotland and the particular care Doctor Archibald Cameron takes to inform all sorts of people of it, may bring me to such troubles out of wch. I shall have great difficulty to extricate myself ; but your Majesty's countenance and
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE 167
protection will always console me for any hardships I or my name may endure in promoting the royal cause. God grant how soon, I may have occasion to give palpable proofs that none of your Majesty's subjects is readier nor would more cheerfully draw his sword and shed his blood for his King and Country than I would. That God almighty may long preserve your Majesty's sacred person and soon restore you to the throne of your royal ancestors is the most ardent desire of, etc. (the letter is unsigned as it is not the original, but a file copy). 30th August 1750.
P.S. — Forby the 3,500 Louis d'ors depositated in Culdairs hands, there was at the same time 351 Guineas depositated.
Copy.
An Account of the Money distributed by Mr. Makdougal Merchant at Edinburgh
To Mr. Stuart x of Ardsheal before he left
Edinburgh ......
To Lady Lochiel 2 for sick persons
To Duncan Mack Gregor ....
To the Infirmary for the expences of the
enemy wounded at Gladesmuir Expended upon French officers at the Tavern To a servant sent to Carlisle To one Robert to Carlisle To Doctor Cockrane's Lady To sundry journeys ....
To a Lady for relief of the poor prisoners . To Will Gun Smith for a year .
|
£21 |
0 |
0 |
|
25 |
15 |
6 |
|
45 |
11 |
6 |
|
581 |
15 |
6 |
|
29 |
10 |
1 |
|
2 |
2 |
0 |
|
3 |
3 |
0 |
|
13 |
6 |
6 |
|
22 |
2 |
0 |
|
30 |
0 |
0 |
|
16 |
4 |
6 |
1 Charles Stewart, 5th Laird of Ardshiel ; a cadet of Appin ; he led out the Appin Stewarts in the '45, as the Chief was then a minor ; escaped to France after Culloden and died 1757.
2 Anne Cameron, wife of Donald, the Lochiel of the '45 ; only daughter of Sir James Campbell, 5th Bt. of Auchinbreck, and his 1st wife, Janet, daughter of Norman MacLeod of MacLeod.
168
THE LOCHARKAIG TREASURE
To Mitchel Vitzosi 1 . . .
Remained due for linnen for the Prince
Given Auchinbreak 2
Given John Bayne Servant
Given Colin Mackenzie to London
Given to Sir James Campbell of Auchinbreak and to MackLeod of Raza, the latter a great sufferer and very considerable losses
To Mr. Stuart of Ballichinen
Given to one Cameron wounded at Gladesmuir
To Mr. Lumisden to be sent to his son
To Mack Gregor of Glencarnock
To Glenco .....
To Mrs. Jean Cameron
To journey to Glenby and discount short
£16 8 6
27 5 3
80 5 0
5 5 0
5 0 0
97 5 0 22 10 0 30
75
0 0 5 0
80 0 0
40 0 0
149 9 0
21 0 0
£1440 1 4
1 See footnote 2, p. 144.
2 See footnote 2, p. 167.
INDEX
Abbeyhill (Abbayhill), Lady, see
Drummond, Barbara. , laird of, see Purves of Wood-
houselee. Abernethy Drummond, Bishop,
5 and n. Adelaide, Madame, aunt of Louis
xvi., 58. Alamandini Palace, 72. Alban Hills, near Rome, 61. Albani, Alessandro, brother of Don
Carlo A., meets James at Soriano,
77-8-
, Don Carlo, nephew of Clement
xi., meets James, 69-70, 73, 77-8, 80, 83.
, Giovanni Francesco, cardinal,
bishop of Ostia, relations of Stuart princes with, 120-3.
, Clement xi. member of family
of, 55 ; Jacobite court estab- lished in palace of, at Urbino, 55-6, 62.
Albano, James's visits to, 61 ; letter dated at, 11 2-14.
Albany, Charlotte, duchess of, daughter of Prince Charles, 63-4 ; testamentary deeds and procur- atory in favour of, by her father, 128-30.
Alberoni, Cardinal, minister of Philip v. of Spain, 89-92.
Alexander vin., pope, 77.
Alexander, Lord, brother of, 19.
Ancrum, earl of, 48.
Annibale, Cardinal, brother of Don Carlo Albani and uncle of Car- dinal Albani, meets James at Soriano, 77-8 ; 122 n.
Annover, see Hanover.
Antonino, Sebastiano, vicar-general, present at marriage of James and Clementina, 59.
Antujar, Father, conveys papal brief to Clementina, 104-5.
Arcadia, of Sir Philip Sidney, 19, 41.
Ardshiel (Archeille), see Stewart of A.
Argyll (Arguile), Archibald, mar-
quess of, at proclamation of Protectorate, 23, 41, 47 ; trial of, 41 ; daughter of, betrothed to Earl of Caithness, 47.
Arisaig, Prince Charles's landing at, 144 n.
Aristotle, his Organ, 13.
Arniston, 41 ; coal-mining at, 43.
, lairds of, 31, 41.
Ars Amandi, of Ovid, 14.
Atti, Alessandro, biographer of Cardinal-Duke of York, 128.
Auchinbreck (Auchinbreak), see Campbell of A.
Auchindinny (Awchindinnie, Aw- hindinnie, Owchindinie), 37.
, laird of, see Henderson of A. ;
Vernor of A.
Auchmutie (Achmutie, Ahmutie, Auchamouty, Awchmuttie, Awh- muttie), of Gosford, Sir Alex- ander, master of the rolls, 6, 46 ; brother of, 19, 20 ; marriage of daughter of, 28.
, James, 23, 31-2, 34.
, Jean, 32.
, John, 39-40-
, Sophia, daughter of Sir Alex- ander A. and wife of Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden, 6, 28-30, 34, 36-7, 40 ; birth of child to, 38-9.
Augustus 11., elector of Saxony and king of Poland, 106-7.
Avignon, James at, 80, 83, 100-1.
Baldachino, Cardinal Ruffi gives Peterborough audience under the, 71-2.
Balerno (Ballernoe, Bayrnoe, Berno), 21, 27, 36, 41.
Balhaldy (Balhady), see Drummond of B.
Balvaird (Ballvarde), David, 2nd Lord, at proclamation of Pro- tectorate, 23, 41.
Bayne, John, servant, 168.
Beare, James, 26.
169
170
MISCELLANY
Belches (Bilches), Alexander, son of Lord Tofts, 17, 27-8, 51.
Benedict XIII., pope, recognises James's title, 60 ; baptises James's second son, 74-5 ; letter from Clementina to, 104-5 ; death of, 108-9.
xiv., pope, recognises James's
title, 60 ; confers title of Cardinal- Duke of York on Henry Stuart,
65-
Berwick, duke of, half-brother of James, commander of French troops in Spain, 58 and n. His son, see Liria, duke of. His wife, see De Burgh, Honora.
Biggar of Woolmet, Major John, 52.
Binns (Bins), house of, 36, 42.
, laird of, see Dalyell of B.
Blackbarony, laird of, see Murray of B.
Blair of Tersappie, William, 16 ; succeeded by his brother Alex- ander, 51.
Bologna, MSS. at, relating to Jacobite court, 56 ; James's visits to, 61, 69-70, 76, 98-100 ; the Stuart princes at, 101 ; letters of James and Clementina from, 102-6.
, bishop of, see Ruffi, Tommaso.
Bolognese, Bavia, cardinal, trans- ferred from Urbino to Romagna, 80, 83.
Bolognetti Palace, 62.
Bolsena, Lake of, 60.
Bonaventura, Sebastiano Pompilio, bishop of Montefiascone, marries James and Clementina, 57, 59, 77, 94-6 ; baptises their first son, 59, 75, 77 ; created bishop of Gubbio and Corneto, 77 ; his brother Alessandro, 77.
Borthwick (Borthicke), 31, 42.
Bouillon, Prince Charles writes from, 1 1 8-2 1.
, duchess of, see Sobieska, Maria
Carlotta.
Boyd, John, merchant, Drummond of Hawthornden's dealings with, I2> 23> 3x-6. 40; visits Edmon- stone of Woolmet in Edinburgh tolbooth, 18.
Braid (Brade, Bred), 26, 42 ; burn of, 26.
, laird of, see Dick of B.
Breachacky (Brackachey), see Mc- Pherson of B.
Bremen, George i.'s acquisition of,
89 and n, 91. Bridgelands (Brigglands), laird of,
12, 42. Brodie, Alexander, diarist, 8. Brosses, Charles de, 62. Broughton (Bruhton), 30. , minister of, see Brown, Mr.
Robert. Brown (Brun, Brune), Alexander,
servant of Drummond of Haw-
thornden, 33-5, 37. , Father, confessor of James,
59, 86. , Mr. Robert, minister of
Broughton, 30, 42.
, Sanders, 37.
-. W., 32.
Bruce of Clackmannan, 143 n.
Brunswick, duchess of, mother-in- law of Rinaldo, duke of Modena, 70 n.
Buccleuch (Ballclugh), Mary, duch- ess of, 46.
, chamberlain of, 19, 41.
Budelacci, Monsignor, auxiliary bishop of Frascati, 67.
Burnet of Cringletie, William, 11,
47- Burntisland (Bruntileinge), 25, 42 ; Jacobite governor of, 143 n.
Caithness (Katenes), George, sixth earl of, at proclamation of Pro- tectorate, 23, 47 ; betrothed to daughter of Marquess of Argyll,
47- Callderhall, 36, 42.
Cameron (Kambron) of Drumsallie,
Evan, 139. of Fassifern, John, brother of
Lochiel, transactions of, with
Locharkaig Treasure, 134-5, 138-
140, 147 et seq.
of Glenevis, Alexander, 139.
His brother, see Cameron, Angus. His son, see Cameron, John.
— of Lochiel, Donald, 133 n ; funds from Locharkaig Treasure used for distressed family of, 135, 137-40, 147 et seq. His wife, see Campbell, Anne.
, John, son of Donald,
134 and n, 138-9.
— of Torcastle, Ludovick, brother of Lochiel, payments to, from Jacobite funds, 143, 162-3.
— , Angus, brother of Alexander
INDEX
171
C. of Glenevis, money taken by, from Locharkaig Treasure, 140, 147, 152, 162-3.
Cameron, Dr. Archibald, brother of Lochiel, his transactions with the Locharkaig Treasure, 133 et seq.
, Mrs. Jean, 168.
, John, son of Alexander C. of
Glenevis, 161.
, M., member of Jacobite court
at Urbino, 86.
Campbell (Cammel) of Auchinbreck, Sir James, 167 n ; payments to, 168. His wife, see MacLeod, Janet.
, Anne, daughter of Sir James
C. of Auchinbreck and wife of Donald Cameron of Lochiel, pay- ment to, 167 and n. — , Archibald, 18.
La
of
of Prince
Canongate, see Edinburgh. Caraffa, Vincenzo, prince of
Roccella, 109 n. Carberry, coal-mining at, 43. Carew, Richard, his Godfrey
Bulloigne, 46. Carlisle, 167. Carnegie (Karneghe), M., member of
Jacobite court at Urbino, 86. Carnock, house of, Drummond of
Hawthornden claims to be only
representative of, 6. Carre, see Ker. Carse (Cass) of Cockpen, Mark, 4, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 27, 43. , , (Young Cockpen),
15. 43- Castelli Romani, 61. Cataldi, G. B., notary
Charles's will, 128-9.
Cesarini, Angelo, titular bishop of Milevi and chaplain of Cardinal- Duke of York, 61, 67, 130.
Chambery, Mar said to be taking the waters at, 70-1.
Chamoscione, 82, 85.
Chancellor, of Scotland, see Perth, earl of.
Chantae, V. Me. de, Clementina assists, 107-8.
Charles vi., emperor, letter of George 1. to, regarding Clemen- tina's escape, 58, 88-92.
Charles 1., king of Great Britain, 6.
Charles Edward, see Stuart, Prince Charles Edward.
Charles Emanuel iv., king of Sar- dinia, 65 and n.
Charterhall, laird of, see Trotter of C.
Chevalier de St. Georges, see James viii. and in.
Chirrahall, see Sheriffhall.
Churchill, Lieutenant-General, 139.
Civita Vecchia, 126-7.
Clancarty (Glencarty), Robert Mc- Carthy, 5th Jacobite earl of, alias John Elliot, 151 and n.
Clanricarde, William, 2nd earl of, daughter of, see De Burgh, Honora.
Clark, Henry, watch-maker, child of, touched by James for the King's Evil, 61.
Clarke, Mr., 26.
Claudine, brother of Pietro Guerin de Tencin, Jacobite intriguer in France, 111 n.
Clement xi., pope, relations of, with James, 55, 60, 79-85 ; allows Bonaventura to perform marriage ceremony of James and Clemen- tina, 59, 77 ; letters of James and Clementina to, 93-6.
xii., pope, recognises James's
title, 60 ; letter of James to, 111-12.
xiii., pope, recognises James's
but not Prince Charles's title, 60, 63 ; Prince Charles's efforts to enlist support of, 118-23.
Clementina, wife of James viii. and in., titular king of Great Britain, disputes between James and, 56, 60 ; marriage of, 57, 59, 77, 94'6 ; her escape from Innsbruck and arrival in Rome, 58 ; baptism of her son, 59 ; reconciliation be- tween James and, 72 ; arrival of, at Bologna, 72 ; conversion and baptism of her sons, 73-5, 77-8 ; letter of George 1. to Emperor regarding her escape, 88-92 ; letters of, to the Pope and Cardinals, 93-110; health of, at Lucca, 96-99 ; to go to Avignon, 101. Her father, see Sobieski, James. Her sister, see Sobieska, Maria Carlotta.
Clerkington (Clerkenton), 39 ; coal- mining at, 43.
, laird of, see Scott of C.
Cluny, see Macpherson of C.
Coal-mining, in the Lothians, 9,
15-17. 32, 43. 52. Cochrane (Cochren, Cockrane), Doc- tor, wife of, 167.
172
MISCELLANY
Cochrane (Cochren, Cockrane),
Thomas, 32. Cockpen (Kokpen), 14, 15, 16 ; mining industry at, 43.
, laird of, see Carse of C.
, minister of, see Penman,
Mr. Adam.
Coldcoat (Cowlldcott), later Macbie- hill, 44.
, laird of, see Hamilton of C.
Colinton (Collinton), laird of, see Foulis of C.
Colquhalzie (Collwhalie, Collwhaly), laird of, cousin of Drummond of Hawthornden, 16, 25, 43.
Colt (Coullt), Mr. Oliver, minister of Inveresk, 40, 44.
Comiston, 44.
, laird of, see Porterfield of C.
Commissioner of Supply, Drum- mond of Hawthornden appointed, 4-5-
Commonwealth, establishmentof, 37.
Consalvi, Ercole, member of papal secretariat, 127.
Conventicles, band to abstain from, 4 .
Convention, see Parliament.
Cooke, John, 31.
Corneto, bishop of, see Bonaventura, Sebastiano Pompilio.
Corsini, Cardinal, 64 n.
Covenanters, 8.
Crae, James, 36.
, Thomas, 35.
Craigebuii, laird of, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 27, 44. See also Hannays of Sorbie.
Craighouse (Craighowse), laird of, see Dick of C.
Craigmillar, laird of, see Gilmour of C. ; Preston of C.
Crawford (Crafoord, Crawfoord), James, 36.
, , smith, 29.
Crichton of Lugton, Sir David, 19, 48.
Cringletie (Kringelty, Kringiltie), laird of, see Burnet of C. ; Murray of C.
Cromwell, Oliver, proclaimed Pro- tector in Edinburgh, 23, 41 ; Protectorate of, replaced by Commonwealth, 37 ; Monck writes to, about citadel of Leith, 50.
Culdares (Culdairs), see Menzies of C.
Culloden, battle of, 133, 159, 164, 167 n.
Cumberland, duke of, orders de- struction of the house of the Macphersons of Cluny, 157 ; attempts to obtain Prince Charles's plate from Cluny, 158.
Cunningham (Cuningghame, Cun- inghame), Mr. James, chosen minister of Lasswade, 34-6, 39, 44.
Cunz, Taddeo, see Kuntz, Thaddaus.
Cyprian Grove (Cypresse Grove), 11, 44.
Dalhousie (Dallwossie), William, 1st earl of, 6-7, 21, 49. His sons, see Ramsay, George, Lord ; Ram- say, John.
, 14, 15, 16 ; moor of, 22.
Dalkeith (Dalkith, Dallkeith, Dall- kithe), 14, 15, 16, 20, 35 ; palace of, 26, 46 ; mining industry at,
43-
Dalmahoy (Dallmahoy, Dollymay- hoy), of that Ilk, Sir Alexander, 22, 44 ; family of, 38-9.
, 2i, 27, 44.
Dalyell of Binns, Thomas, general, conveys his estates to Drummond of Riccarton, 42.
Dauphiness, of France, James en- lists aid of, for the advancement of his son Henry, 112-14.
Davia, Cardinal, put in charge of James's affairs in Rome, 102-4.
De Burgh, Honora, daughter of Earl of Clanricarde and wife of Duke of Berwick, 58 n.
Denholme (Dennam, Dennem), of Murrayes, John, 4.
, John, bailie of Edinburgh, 18,
38, 45-
Derwentwater (Dewenhier), earl of, member of Jacobite court at Urbino, 85.
Devotions, of John Donne, 19.
Dick of Braid, Sir William, 27, 42.
of Craighouse, Sir Andrew, son
of Sir William D. of Braid, 26, 44.
Dick, Mr. John, 25-7.
Dillon, Arthur, James's agent in Paris, 89 and n, 92.
Dinice (Dinse), James, in the Canon- gate, 25, 27.
Dobie, John, in Gowrlaw, 40 n.
Donne, John, dean of St. Paul's, his Devotions, 19.
Doria Palace, ball at, in honour of exiled Stuarts, 62.
INDEX
173
Douglas (Dowglass, Dowglasse),
James, 32-3.
, Patrick, burial of, 33.
, Robert, 16 ; marriage of, 27-8,
32 ; wife of, 32 ; death of child
of, 39, 4°-
-, William, 25.
Drum (Drume), in parish of Liber- ton, laird of, see Somerville, John, 9th Lord.
Drummond (MacGregor) of Bal- haldy, William, Jacobite agent, 163 and n.
of Colquhalzie, see Colqu-
halzie, laird of.
of Hawthornden, William,
poet, his family, 3,6; attendance of, at Edinburgh University, and his gift of books thereto, 3 ; his works, 5 ; his Cypresse Grove, 1 1 , 44 ; widow of, 33 ; friends of, 48. His sister, see Drummond, Anne.
, Sir William, son of the
poet, his career, 3, 5 ; his dealings with his father's works, 5 ; his character, 5-8 ; his marriages and family, 6 ; value of his Diary, 7-8 ; his Diary, 11 et seq. ; mother of, 33_5> 38- His sister, see Drummond, Eliza. His wife, see (1) Auchmutie, Sophia ; (2) Scott, Barbara.
-, Sir James Williams-,
8-9.
of Midhope, Sir Robert, 36, 45.
- of Riccarton, William, 35-6, 42 ; his house at Binns, 36, 42. — , Bishop Abernethy, 5 and n.
-, Anna, daughter of Sir William
D. of Hawthornden, 6. — , Anne, sister of William D. of Hawthornden and wife of Sir John Scot of Scotstarvet. -, Barbara, Lady Abbeyhill,
daughter of Sir William D. of Hawthornden, 6.
— , Eliza, sister of Sir William D. of Hawthornden and wife of Mr. Henry Henderson, 22, 36, 47. -, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir
William D. of Hawthornden, 6. — , Jacobina, daughter of Sir William D. of Hawthornden, 6. -, Ludovick (Lodie), brother of
Sir William D. of Hawthornden, 3, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 35 ; death of, 28.
Drummond, Margaret, daughter of Sir William D. of Hawthornden, 6.
, Marie, daughter of Sir William
D. of Hawthornden, 6.
, Robert, son of Sir William D.
of Hawthornden, 6. -, Sophia, daughter of Sir Wil-
liam D. of Hawthornden, and wife of (1) John Murray of Cringletie and (2) Robert Preston, 6.
— , William, 1st Viscount Strath- allan, see Strathallan.
, , son of Sir William D. of
Hawthornden, 6.
family, head of, see Perth,
earl of. Dublin, 60.
Duncan, king of Scotland, 109 n. Dundas of Arniston, 3 1 ; family of,
4i- Dunkirk, 137.
Eddleston (Edelston), minister of, see Scott, Mr. Robert.
Edgar, James, secretary to James, 143 n, 152 n, 163. His secretary, see Lumisden, Andrew.
Edinburgh, 17, 33, 36-40; Drum- mond of Hawthornden admitted burgess of, and appointed com- missioner of supply for, 4 ; his visits to, 8, 11-12, 14, 16-31, 34, 38-9; tolbooth of, 12, 14-15, 18, 21-2, 28 ; Castle hill of, 12 n ; Protectorate proclaimed in, 23, 41, 47 ; Canongate of, 27 ; Jacobites in, 151, 165-7.
, bailie of, see Denholme, John.
, bishop of, 143 11.
, minister of Tron Church of,
see Laurie, Mr. Robert.
Castle, Jacobite prisoners in,
139. 144. l66-
University, the Drummonds of
Hawthornden at, 3 ; donation of books to, 3.
Edmonstone (Edmestoun, Edmis- ton) of Woolmet, James, in Edin- burgh tolbooth, 12, 14, 15, 17, 26 ; disposes of his lands to Major John Biggar, his brother-in-law, 52 ; wife of, 15, 18.
, 19, 20, 26, 45 ; mining
industry at, 43. -, laird of, see Raith of E.
Eglinton, earl of, see Montgomerie, Lord.
174
MISCELLANY
Eleis of Eleistoun, Mr. John, advocate, 39, 47.
of Southsyde, James, 50.
Eleistoun (Illistone), laird of, see Eleis of E. ; Hamilton of E.
Elliot, John, see Clancarty, earl of.
Elphinstone, George Keith, see Keith, George, viscount.
Embrun, archbishop of, see Guerin de Tencin, Pietro.
England, flight of James II. from, 55 ; George 1. fears effect of James's marriage on, 88-92 ; Jacobite affairs in, 98-100 ; Car- dinal Davia appointed protector of kingdom and college of, at Rome, 102-4 ; Jacobite agents in, 153-4, 161 n. See also Great Britain.
Esk, River, Midlothian, 9, 17 ; coal- mining in valley of, 43.
Esterhall (Estraw) [? Eister Haill],
15. 35. 45-
Fairfax, Edward, his Godfrey of Bulloigne, 46.
Fairlie (Farrlie), Mr. James, minis- ter of Lasswade, 19, 45.
Ferrara, bishop of, see Ruffi, Tommaso.
Fiorani, Rosa, wife of John Stewart, 64 n.
Florence, residence of Prince Charles at, 64 ; letter dated at, 126 ; his will preserved at, 128.
Foudroyant, H.M.S., 127.
Foulis of Colinton, Sir Alexander,
15. 43- Francavilla, Austrians defeated at,
89 n.
France, departure of James from, 55, 79, 82 ; death of James 11. in, 79, 82 ; Jacobite intrigues in, in n ; James commends Jacob- ites in, to Louis xv., 1 14-16 ; James's rents in, 117 ; treasure sent from, to assist Jacobites, 133 et seq. ; Cluny's journey to, 136, 152 ; Prince Charles's departure for, 141, 152, 158-9, 161.
, regent of, see Orleans, duke of.
Francesco della Rovere, duke of Urbino, 55.
Francis, Duke, uncle of James, 69- 70.
, Grant R., discussion by, on
Locharkaig Treasure, 135-6, 141- 142.
Frascati, James's visits to, 61 ; Prince Charles buried in his brother's cathedral at, 65, 67 ; Cardinal-Duke of York's epis- copal palace at, 65-6 ; his death at, 67 ; letters dated at, 122, 124.
, bishop of, see Budelacci, Mon-
signor.
Fulford (Foolfoord, Fullfoord), tower of, 45-6.
, laird of, see Purves of Wood-
houselee.
Gaeta, 126.
Galicia, 89, 92.
Garleton, laird of, see Seton of G.
General Assembly, proposed inter- vention by, on Cluny's behalf, 158.
George 1., king of Great Britain, letter of, to Emperor about Clementina's escape, 58, 88-92 ; title of, recognised by France, 80, 83 ; James fears opposition from, to his Polish schemes, 106-7.
Gerarie, 149.
Ghiselli, Canonico, notes by, on Jacobite court, 56, 69-71.
Gifford (Giffart, Giffert), James, sculptor in West Linton, brother of laird of Sheriff hall, 43.
Gillmorton Edge, 40 n.
Gilmour of Craigmillar, Sir John, Lord President, 20, 44.
Gladsmuir (Gladesmuir, Gleds- moore), 18, 167-8.
Glenby, 168.
Glencarty, see Clancarty.
Glencoe (Glenco), see MacDonald of G.
Glencorse (Glancorss), 12, 19, 20,
2°. 27. 37. 46- Glengarry, battalion of, in the '45,
139 n. See also Macdonell of G. Glen Lyon, in Perthshire, 140. Glenshiel, Jacobites defeated at,
89 n. Godfrey of Bulloigne, 13, 46. Goldoni, Italian playwright, 58. Gordon, duke of, Cluny takes a
lease from, 156. , John, principal of the Scots
College in Paris, 162 n. Gorton (Gortowen), 18, 27, 46.
, laird of, see Preston of G.
Gosford (Goosfoord), 23, 28, 46. , laird of, see Auchmutie of G.
INDEX
175
Gotti, Cardinal, promotion of, 104-5.
Gowrlaw, 40.
Great Britain, proposed Jacobite attempt on, in 1749, 150-1. See also England ; Scotland.
Gregor, Clan, suppression of, 163 n.
Guadagni, see Palazzo San Clementi.
Gualterio, Cardinal, nuncio in Paris, letter of James to, 100-2.
Gubbio, bishop of, see Bonaventura, Sebastiano Pompilio.
Guerin de Tencin, Pietro, arch- bishop of Embrun, James re- commends, for elevation to the cardinalate, 111-12. His brother, see Claudine.
Gun, Will, smith, 167.
Hadawayes, Thomas, 26.
Haddington (Heddingtown), 27.
Haggs (Hagges), afterwards Rose- hall, laird of, see Hamilton of H.
Haldane, Isabella, wife of Charles Stewart of Ardshiel, payment to, 143, 162.
Hamilton (Hamiltoun) of Coldcoat (Macbiehill), Jonas, 6-7, 13, 14, 17, 30, 44 ; wife of, 19, 44.
of Eleistoun, Sir William, his
son James, 47.
of Haggs (Rosehall), Alex- ander, 22-3, 26, 46.
of Preston, Thomas, 14, 16, 19,
22, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 36, 49. — , Robert, 24. -, William, 34.
Hannays of Sorbie, lairds of Craige-
buii, 44. Hanover (Annover), duke of, see
George 1. , [?] Sophia, duchess of, meets
James, 70-1. -, James fears opposition from
court of, to his Polish schemes, 106-7.
Hastie, James, in Gillmorton Edge, 40 n.
Hawthornden, castle of, 9, 11-40 passim ; caves at, 44.
, laird of, see Drummond of H.
Hay, John, of Cromlix, witness to marriage of James and Clemen- tina, 59.
, Father Richard Augustus,
references by, to Drummond of Hawthornden in his ' Memoires,' 4-6.
Henderson of Auchindinny, Mr.
Thomas, advocate, 3-4, 29, 35 ;
wife and daughter of, 37. , Mr. Henry, physician to the
Earl of Perth and brother-in-law
of Drummond of Hawthornden,
18, 19, 38, 47. Henry Benedict, cardinal-duke of
York, see Stuart, Henry Benedict. Hermiston (Herdmanston), house
of, 24.
, laird of, see Sinclair of H.
Hervie, Thomas, gives Drummond
of Hawthornden a lesson in
arithmetic, 17. Highlands, situation in, after the
'45, 148 et seq. Hinsley, Cardinal, 67. Hissell side, 27. Holland, George 1. passes through,
88, 91. Home (Horn, Hum, Hume), John,
poet, 15, 16. Humbie, laird of, see Scougal of H. House of Muir, in Glencorse parish,
13. 47-
Illistone, see Eleistoun.
Innes, Father, vice-principal of the
Scots College, 5. Innocent xiii., pope, recognises
James's title, 60 ; letters of
James to, 96-100. Innsbruck, Clementina's escape
from, 58, 88-92. Inveresk, mining industry at, 43. , minister of, see Colt, Mr.
Oliver. Ireland, Drummond of Hawthorn- den's cousins in, 17, 21. Irish Church, Convent of, of Saint
Isidoro, in Rome, 60. Italy, arrival of exiled Stuarts in,
55, 79, 82 et seq.
Jacobites, members of James's court at Urbino, 5-j, 85-6 ; French treasure sent to assist, 133 ; list of, at Scots College, Paris, 139 n ; sufferings of, and efforts of, to maintain resources after the '45, 148 et seq.
James vi. and 1., king of Great Britain, 6.
vii. and 11., king of Great
Britain, first Scottish Parliament of, 4 ; flight of, 55 ; supposed
176
MISCELLANY
portrait of, 67 ; death of, 79, 82, 100 n. His wife, see Modena, Mary of.
James viii. and III., chevalier de St. Georges, titular king of Great Britain, relations of papacy and, 55, 60 ; at Urbino, 55-7, 71-2, 78 ; friendship between Cardinal Ruffi and, 56, 71-2 ; portraits of, 56, 62-3, 75-6 ; disputes between Clementina and, 56, 60, 72 ; marriage of, 57, 59. 77. 94"5 ; in Spain, 57-8 ; in Scotland, 58 n ; baptism of his son, 59 ; takes up residence in the Palazzo Muti, 60 ; does not travel beyond Castelli Romani, 61 ; will of, 62-3 ; at Piacenza and Bologna, 69-71, 76 ; reception of, at frontier of Papal States, 73, 80, 83 ; conversion and baptism of his sons, 73-5 ; account of life of, in France and Urbino, 79-87 ; George 1. fears consequences of marriage of, 88, 92 ; letters of, 93-116 ; death of his mother, 93-4 ; appoints Car- dinal Davia to look after his affairs, 102-4 ; his Spanish pen- sion, 102-3 ; proposal to have his sons naturalized in Poland, 106-7; solicits aid for his son Henry, but out of touch with Prince Charles, 1 12-14; farewell letter of, to Louis xv., 114-16; letter to, from his son Henry, 1 16-17 ; letter from Prince Charles to his brother re- garding, 118-20; accounts of transactions with Locharkaig Treasure sent to, 133, 136, 147-50, 152 ; permission of, sought for use of Treasure, 135, 137, 149-5° ." forged letter of, 142, 151 ; pro- posed rising on behalf of, 150-1. His confessor, see Brown, Father. His secretary, see Edgar, James ; Lumisden, Andrew. His wife, see Clementina.
Johnston (Johnstone, Jonston) of Wariston, Sir Archibald, diarist, 8.
, John, 20.
, Thomas, valet, 22.
Justice of the Peace, Drummond of Hawthornden said to have pur- chased office of, 4, 6 ; Drummond of Hawthornden before, 37 ; office of, 47 ; Preston of Utters- hill appointed, 49.
Kambron, see Cameron.
Karneghe, see Carnegie.
Katenes, see Caithness.
Keith, George, viscount, admiral, offer of protection by, to the Pope, 126-7.
Kennedy (Kenedi, Kennady), John, apothecary, 39.
, Major, alias Thomas Newton,
Jacobite agent, 148 and n, 153-4, 161 and n.
Ker (Carre), Robert, Lord K. of Newbattle, see Lothian, Robert, 4th earl of.
, Sir William, brother of Robert,
4th earl of Lothian, 21.
, William, see Lothian, Wil- liam, 3rd earl of.
Kinghorn, Drummond of Haw- thornden visits spa at, 25, 50.
Kinglfeeld, 35.
King's, at Liberton, Drummond of Hawthornden stays at, 17, 18.
King's Evil, touching for, by Jaco- bite claimants, 61.
Knight, Alexander, servant of Drummond of Hawthornden, 12.
Kringelty (Kringiltie), see Cringletie.
Kuntz (Cunz), Thaddaus, 65, 66.
La Roccella, Ippolita Cantelmo Stuart, princess dowager of, letter from Clementina to, 109-10.
Lang, Andrew, discussion by, on Locharkaig Treasure, 133-6, 139, 142.
Lasswade, 12, 16-17, 19, 21-2, 33, 37-9, 49 ; choice of a minister for parish of, 34-5, 39 ; meeting of presbytery of, 39 ; mining industry at, 43.
, laird of, see Nicolson of L.
, minister of, see Cunningham,
Mr. James ; Fairlie, Mr. James.
Lauderdale, Charles, 3rd earl of, son of, see Maitland, Alexander.
, John, 2nd earl of, 4, 6.
Laurie (Lourie), Mr. Robert, minis- ter of the Tron Church, Edin- burgh, 38, 48.
Lawther, Andrew, miller, 32.
Learmonth (Lermon), Mr. Thomas, 16, 18.
Leda, marquis de, commander of Spanish troops in Sicily, 89 and », 91.
Leghorn, 127.
INDEX
177
Leith (Leath, Leeth, Lithe), citadel of, 25, 50 ; 26, 39 ; church of, 38.
Lercari, Cardinal, papal secretary of state, letters of James to, 100-4, 106-7 J letter of Clementina to, 107-8.
Liberton (Libberton), 17, 18, 26.
Linlithgow, Drummond of Haw- thornden's property in, 4 ; his visit to, 35-6 ; provost of, 35-6.
Linton, 30. See also West Linton.
Liria, James Francis, duke of, son of Duke of Berwick, opposes his father in Spanish war, 58 ; in Scotland during '15, 58 n.
Lithell, John, in Leith, 26.
Loanhead (Lonhide), 18.
Lochaber, French treasure hidden in, 152.
Locharkaig, Jacobite treasure buried at, 133 et seq.
Lochgarry (Logary), see Macdonell of L.
Lochiel, see Cameron of L.
Locke, John, 37.
Logan, George, 20.
■ -, Walter, 17.
London, 15, 19, 88-9, 168.
Lothian, Robert, 4th earl of, 21, 42. His brother, see Ker, Sir William.
, William, 3rd earl of, 14, 42,
48.
Lothians, coal-mining in the, 9, 15-17, 32, 43, 52. See also Mid- lothian.
Loudon, Lord, Cluny offered com- mission in regiment of, 157-8.
Louis xiv., king of France, reception of James 11. at court of, 55, 79, 82.
xv., king of France, 79-80,
82-3 ; farewell letter from James to, 1 14-16; sends treasure to Scot- land to assist Jacobites, 133.
xvi., king of France, exile of
aunts of, in Italy, 58.
Lovat, Lord, daughter of, wife of Macpherson of Cluny, 156-7.
Lucca, letters dated at, 97-100 ; Clementina at, for her health, 98-9.
Lugton (Luggton), laird of, see Crichton of L.
Lumisden of Cushnie, 143 n.
, Andrew, secretary to James
and Prince Charles, 143-4, 164 ».
, Mr., father of Andrew L. and
Jacobite governor of Burntisland, 143 n, 168.
Macbiehill, see Coldcoat.
MacCarthy, Robert, see Clancarty, earl of.
M'Cormick, James, confessor of Prince Charles, 60-1.
, Michael, confessor of Prince
Charles, 60-1.
Macdonald of Glencoe, 168.
Macdonell of Glengarry, Alexander (Alistair), (' Pickle the Spy'), confession of, regarding the Loch- arkaig Treasure, 134 etseq., 164-8 ; his meeting with Dr. Archibald Cameron, 150-1 ; money given to, from Jacobite funds, 154.
of Lochgarry, Donald, 139 and
n, 141-5, 154 ; account of Jaco- bite funds given by, 162.
, Angus, brother of Donald M.
of Lochgarry, money given to, by Cluny, 154.
M'Dougall, William, merchant in Edinburgh and brother-in-law of Murray of Broughton, money lodged with, 143-5, J47 and n, 162 n, 165-6 ; account of money distributed by, 167-S.
Macfarlane (M'Pherlane), John, W.S., money deposited with, by Cameron of Fassifern, 139.
MacGregor of Glencarnock, 168.
, Duncan, 167.
, William, see Drummond of
Balhaldy, William.
Mackenzie, Colin, 168.
MacLean, Sir Hector, Jacobite agent in Paris, 151.
MacLeod of Raza, 168. , James, 143.
, Janet, daughter of Norman
MacL. of MacL. and wife of Sir James Campbell of Auchin- breck, 167 n.
, Mr. John, advocate, 165.
M'Pherson of Breachacky, brother- in-law of Cluny, 148 and n, 151, 161 ; journey of, to England, 153.
of Cluny, Laughlan, his
transactions with the Locharkaig Treasure, 133 et seq. ; his suffer- ings for, and devotion to, the Jacobite cause, 154-60.
Maitland, Alexander (' Conte Met- ellan Lauderdale'), son of Earl of Lauderdale, member of Jacobite court at Urbino, 57, 86-7.
Mar, John, (Jacobite) duke of, member of James's court and
M
178
MISCELLANY
secretary of state, 69-71, 8o, 84-5. His valet, see Whittel, Ebenezer.
Marie, 12, 29.
Marischal, George Keith, 10th Earl, 126 ».
Mary, queen of Scots, portrait of, 63.
Master of the Rolls, see Auchmutie of Gosford.
Mastertoun, laird of, see Meggett of M.
Maxwell, John, imprisoned in Edin- burgh tolbooth, 21-2 ; liberated,
28.
-, Patrick, 38.
Mean (Mane), John, 33-4.
Medici, Catherine de, 66.
, Giovanni Gaston di, see Tus- cany, Giovanni, grand duke of.
Meggett (Meggeitt) of Mastertoun, William, son of Thomas M. of M., 37, 48.
, John, 31, 33.
Megliorucci, Pietro, notary of the Cardinal-Duke of York's will, 130.
Melazzo, Spanish army at, 89, 91.
Melvin, 4.
Menzies of Culdares, Murray of Broughton deposits money with, 140, 143-4, J62 and n, 165, 167.
Midhope (Midope), laird of, see Drummond of M.
Midlothian, social life in, in 17th century, 7-8 ; coal-mining in, 9, 43, 52. See also Lothians.
Milevi, bishop of, see Cesarini, Angelo.
Mining industry, in the Lothians, 9,
15-17. 32, 43. 52. Modena, Rinaldo, duke of, 70 n. , Mary of, wife of James 11. , 55,
93-4- , James at, 70-1.
Moir (Mor), M., member of Jacobite court at Urbino, 86.
Monck, General George, Drummond of Hawthornden with, 18, 26, 46 ; at proclamation of Protectorate, 23 ; writes Cromwell about cita- del of Leith, 50.
Monipenny (Monipennie), Sir James, burial of, 21, 48.
Monte di Pieta, 63.
Montefiascone, marriage of James and Clementina at, 57, 59, 60, 77, 94-6 ; 67 ; letters dated at, 94-6.
, bishop of, see Bonaventura,
Sebastiano Pompilio.
Montemilete, princess of, no.
Montgomerie (Magumri), Hugh, Lord, afterwards 7th earl of Eglinton, 26, 48.
Moore, Mr. John, poet, 30.
Mordaunt, Charles, see Peter- borough, earl of.
Morton, earl of, 25.
Mortonhall, laird of, see Trotter of M.
Mosely (Mossleye), Edward, com- missioner for the administration of justice, 19, 48 ; brother of, 19.
Munsie, laird of, 20.
Murray, Lord, brothers of, 27.
Murray of Blackbarony, Sir Alex- ander, 6, 26, 42 ; acquires Cringletie, 47.
of Broughton, John, secretary
to Prince Charles, dealings of, with Jacobite funds, 140-1, 143-7, 161, 165.
of Cringletie, John, son of Sir
Alexander M. of Blackbarony, 6, 47. His wife, see Drummond, Sophia.
— of Newton, Sir William, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26-7, 30 n, 31, 38, 48 ; wife of, 26. -, Alexander, cousin of Drum-
mond of Hawthornden, 21, 23 ;
elopes with Marion Sinclair, 24-5. — , Charles, 30. - — , George, 32. — , James, witness to marriage of
James and Clementina, 59. — , William, cousin of Drummond
of Hawthornden, 17, 23. Murrayes, laird of, see Denholme of
M. Muskerry, Viscount, see Clancarty,
earl of. Musselburgh (Muscelbrughe), 31 ;
mining industry at, 43. Muti, see Palazzo Muti ; Villa
Rocchi.
Naples, 61, 66.
Newbattle (New Botle, Newbattall),
21, 28, 32, 42 ; mining industry
at, 43, Newfoundland, Earl of Clancarty
governor of, 151 n. Newhall, 7 n.
, laird of, see Pennecuik of N.
Newman, Captain, 39.
Newton (Nutton), Thomas, see
Kennedy, Major.
, 20.
, laird of, see Murray of N.
INDEX
179
Nicolson (Niccolsone, Niclsone) of Lasswade, Sir John, 6, 38, 49.
, Thomas, 31.
Nithsdale (Nisdel), William, 5th earl of, member, with Lady Niths- dale, of Jacobite court at Urbino, 85-6.
O'Brien (Oubrioni), Captain John, witness to marriage of James and Clementina, 59 ; member of Jacobite court at Urbino, 86.
Ogilvy (Ogilbie, Oglbye), Captain, 27.
, , 11.
Ohlau, exile of James Sobieski at, 58.
Orange, Mary of, portrait of, 63.
Orcherfield, lands of, 50.
, laird of, see Stirling of O.
Organ, of Aristotle, 13.
Orleans, Henrietta, duchess of, sister of Charles n., 65 n.
, Philippe, duke of, regent of
France, 90, 92.
Ormiston, coal-mining at, 43.
Ormond, James Butler, 2nd duke of, 69-71, 80, 84.
Orsini, Cardinal, nephew of Bene- dict xiii., letter of Clementina to, 108-9.
Ostia, bishop of, see Albani, Car- dinal ; York, Cardinal-Duke of.
Ovid, his Ars Amandi, 14.
Owchindinie, see Auchindinny.
Palazzo Muti, James's residence
at, 60. San Clementi (Guadagni),
residence of Prince Charles in
Florence, 64. Savelli, James's residence at,
in Albano, 61. Paolucci, Cardinal, papal secretary
of state, 59. Papal States, James's reception at
frontier of, 73, 80, 83 ; feared
French invasion of, 126-7. Paris, Scots College in, 5, 139 n, 162;
Cardinal-Duke of York's rente on
the town house of, 63, 116-17;
Dillon James's agent in, 89 and
», 92 ; 100-1 ; Jacobite intrigues
in, 151, 163 n ; Prince Charles's
banker in, 161 n. Parliament, appoints Drummond of
Hawthornden commissioner of
supply, 4-5.
Parma, duke of, meets James, 69-70.
Patrizi Palace, 62.
Patullo (Pitillo), H., agent of Prince Charles, 139 and n, 141-2, 162.
Peeblesshire, meeting of absentee proprietors of lands in, 4 ; Drummond of Hawthornden' s property in, 4, 7 n.
Pendrike, 31, 32.
Penicuik (Pennecuik, Pennicooke) of Newhall, Dr. Alexander, refer- ences to Drummond of Haw- thornden in poems of, 6-7 and n.
, 29.
Penman (Penmand), Mr. Adam, minister of Cockpen, 34, 49.
Penrose, Thomas, British minister in Tuscany, 126 and 11.
Pentland, commission to try witches at, 3-4.
Perth, John Drummond, 2nd (Jaco- bite) duke of, 80, 84, 85.
, earl of, chancellor of Scotland,
Drummond of Hawthornden's relations with, 4-5. His physi- cian, see Henderson, Mr. Henry.
Pesaro, 70-1 ; arrival of James and his train in, 80, 83.
Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd earl of, supposed plot by, to assassinate James, 56, 71-2.
Philip v., king of Spain, 89 and n, 91.
Piacenza, James at, 69, 70.
' Pickle the Spy,' see Macdonell of Glengarry, Alexander.
Piombino Palace, 62.
Pius vii., pope, visit of, to the Car- dinal-Duke of York, 65 ; Lord Keith's offer of protection to, 126-7.
Poilly, Nicholas, engraving by, 63.
Poland, conversion of, 66 ; proposal to have Stuart princes naturalized in, 106-7.
Popes, recognition of James by, 55, 60 ; letters of James and Clem- entina to, 93-112.
Porterfield of Comiston, Walter, 26-7, 44.
Portugal, representative of, to King of Sardinia, 126.
Preston of Gorton and Craigmillar, George, superior of Auchindinny, 41 ; dispones Craigmillar, 44.
of Uttershill, Mr. Robert, 12 ;
appointed Justice of the Peace, 49-
180
MISCELLANY
Preston, John, member of Jacobite court at Urbino, 86.
, Robert, son of George P. of
Gorton and Craigmillar and husband of Sophia Drummond, 6. laird of, see Hamilton of P.
Protectorate, the, proclaimed in Edinburgh, 23, 41 ; replaced by- Commonwealth, 37.
Pucci, Gueroli, account of James's life at Urbino by, 79-85.
Purves (Purvus) of Woodhouselee, Sir William, 11, 12, 18, 45-6; laird of Fulford, 29, 32 ; laird of Abbeyhill, 45 ; wife of, 21.
, Will, 37-
Raith of Edmonstone, James, 4,
45- Ramsay of "W hitehill, Sir James, 17,
20, 52. , George, Lord, son of William,
1st earl of Dalhousie, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 21-2, 49 ; wife of, 16. -, John, brother of Lord Ram-
say, 13-16. -, Margaret, 22.
Raza, see MacLeod of R.
' Reide, Lidees,' Drummond of Hawthornden writes to, 34.
Reoke, John, Drummond of Haw- thornden's oversman, 12, 18.
Riccarton (Rickerton), laird of, see Drummond of R.
Ricciadelli, Abbe, account by, of marriage of James and Clemen- tina, 57.
Rochefoucauld, Cardinal de la, friendship of, with James, 112-13.
Romagna, legate of, see Bolognese, Bavia.
Rome, Clementina's arrival in, 58 ; baptism of her son in, 59, 77-8 ; exiled Stuarts in, 60 ; English College in, 61, 63 ; relics of Stuarts in, 63, 93 ; residence of Prince Charles at, 63-4 ; Cardinal- Duke of York's flight from, on French occupation, 66 ; burial of Stuart Princes in, 67 ; James's de- parture for, 76; James's journey from, to Spain, 90-2 ; Jacobites in, 96-7 ; James's intention of going to, 96-9 ; Cardinal Davia appointed to look after James's affairs at, 102-4 '• letters of James and Clementina dated at, 109-11 ; letter of Cardinal-Duke of York
dated at, 1 16-17; wills of Stuart princes preserved at, 128-30 ; accounts of transactions with the Locharkaig Treasure written at,
133-4, I4°. *44> x46> l64 : Dr-
Archibald Cameron's journey to,
I35» J37. x49; 'Pickle the Spy'
at, 164. Rosehall, see Haggs. Roslin (Rossline), 20-1, 24 ; tower
of, 23, 49. , laird of, see Sinclair of Her-
miston. Ross (Rosse), James, 19.
, Margaret, in Lasswade, 12.
, William, in Melvin, 4.
Rossi, Signor, 82, 85.
Rouille, M. de, French minister,
112-13. Royalists, 8. Ruddiman, Thomas, joint-editor of
works of WTilliam Drummond of
Hawthornden, 5. Ruffi, Tommaso, cardinal, bishop of
Ferrara and Bologna, friendship
of, with James, 56, 71-2. Russia, Dalyell of Binns in service
of Czar of, 42. Rutherford (Ritherefoord), Andrew,
of the Townhead, 40.
St. Andrew Apostle, James at Church of, in Urbino, 82, 85.
St. Catherine's, 26.
San Clemente, Convent of, in Rome, 60.
St. Francis de Sales, Clementina's devotion to, 107-8.
St. Georges, Chevalier de, see James vm. and 111.
St. Henry, king of Bavaria, 66.
Sant' Isidoro, Convent of Irish Church of, in Rome, 60.
San Luca, Arcades of, 72.
San Michele, 70-1.
St. Peter's, Rome, burial of Stuart princes in, 67.
Sage, Bishop, joint-editor of works of William Drummond of Haw- thornden, 5.
Salviati, Monsignor, 81, 84.
Sardinia, king of, Portuguese envoy to, see Souza, Chevalier de.
Scotland, James and Duke of Liria in, 58 n ; Jacobite rising of 1719 in, 89 and n, 92 ; French treasure sent to, to assist Jacob- ites, 133, 146, 150 ; Dr. Archibald
INDEX
181
Cameron's and Cluny's journeys to and from, regarding the Loch- arkaig Treasure, 134-7, I49-5°» 153 ; Prince Charles's departure from, 141, 152, 158-9, 161 ; Glengarry's alleged authority to visit, 151. See also Great Britain.
Scots College, Paris, list of Jacobites at, 139 n ; principal of, see Gordon, John ; vice-principal of, see Innes, Father.
Scott (Scot) of Clerkington, Sir William, senator of the College of Justice, 6, 43.
of Scotstarvet, Sir John, hus- band of Anne Drummond, 50.
, Barbara, daughter of Sir
William S. of Clerkington and wife of Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden, 6, 46.
, George, cowaner, 37.
, John, son of Drummond of
Hawthornden's cousin, 37, 50.
, Mary, see Buccleuch, Mary,
duchess of. — , Mr. Robert, minister of
Eddleston and Tweedsmuir, 39,50.
Scougal of Humbie, Mr. John, com- missioner for the administration of justice, 20, 22, 50.
Sedan, 118-19.
Sempill, Francis, 2nd (Jacobite) Lord, 163 and n.
Seton (Seaton, Siton) of Garleton, John, son of the Earl of Winton, 21, 23, 46.
, Hugh, commissioned to re- cover money for Prince Charles, 162 n.
, Lady Jean, daughter of the
Earl of Winton, 23, 50.
. R., 37-
Shaw (Sha, Shae), Captain, 13-15, 27.
Sheldon (Sceldon, Schildon), M., member of Jacobite court at Urbino, 86.
Sheridan, Sir Thomas, son of Thomas S., secretary to James n., tutor to Prince Charles, 146 and n.
Sheriffhall (Chirrahall) , tacksmen of, 20 ; lairds of, 42-3.
Sicily, Spanish troops in, 89 and n.
Sidney, Sir Philip, his Arcadia, 41.
Silesia, George i.'s wish that Clem- entina be sent to, 89, 92.
Simpson (Simsone, Symson, Sym- sone), James, 13, 30, 35-6 ; bap- tism of child of, 19.
Simpson, John, messenger, 32. Sinclair (St. Clair, Synclare) of
Hermiston, Sir John, 15, 17, 24,
38 ; acquires lands of Roslin, 49 ;
wife and daughters of, 20-4 ;
elopement of one of his daughters,
24-5 ; son of, 24.
, Christian, 24.
, James, 13.
, Marion, daughter of Sir John
S. of Hermiston, elopes with
Alexander Murray, 24-5. William, 20.
Sobieska, Maria Carlotta, duchess of Bouillon, n8n.
, Maria Clementina, see Clem- entina.
Sobieski (Sobieschi), Prince James Louis, deprived of succession to crown of Poland, 58 ; George 1. calls for removal of, from Im- perial territory, 89, 91 ; proposal by, to have his grand-children, the Stuart princes, naturalized in Poland, 106-7. His daughter, see Clementina.
Soflay, William, 11, 15.
Somerville, James, 9th Lord, laird of Drum, 33, 45.
Sorbie, lairds of, see Hannays of S.
Soriano, 77-8.
Southall, 15.
Southesk (Sothesch), James, 5th earl of, member of Jacobite court at Urbino, 85.
Southhouse (Sudus, Suthhowse), laird of, see Straiton of Straiton and S.
Southsyde (Southside, Soutsied), 37, 40, 50; coal -mining at,
43-
, laird of, see Eleis of S.
Souza, Chevalier de, Portuguese envoy to the king of Sardinia, 126 and 11.
Spain, visit of James to, 57-8, 89-92 ; 61-2 ; war between French, Austrians, and, 89-92 ; pension paid to James from, 102-3.
Stewart (Steuart), see Stuart.
Stirling (Stirline) of Orcherfield, John, commissary of Wigtown, 22, 27 ; served heir to lands of Townhead and Orcherfield, 50.
Castle, Earl of Perth at, 5.
Straiton (Straitinge) of Straiton and Southhouse, Alexander, 11, 13, 14. 17, 5i-
182
MISCELLANY
Straiton, 22, 51.
Strathallan, William Drummond, 1st viscount, his Genealogy of the House of Drummond, 4 n.
Stuart (Steuart, Stewart), Prince Charles Edward, baptism of, 59, 73-5 ; claim of, to English throne not recognised by Pope, 60, 63 ; appearance of, in his tartan, 62 ; musical ability of, 62 ; his brother's attitude towards, 63, 1 1 6- 1 7 ; departure of, from Rome,
63 ; portraits of, 63, 76 ; resid- ence of, in Florence and Rome,
64 ; death and burial of, 65, 67 ; commended to protection of Pope, 96-99 ; rift between his father and, 1 13-14 ; behaviour of, to his brother, 11 6-1 7; proposed pro- visions of his father's will for, 117 ; letters of, to his brother, 118-21; his will, 128-30; part of, in transactions with Jacobite funds, 136-45, 147 et seq. ; his arrival in, and departure from Scotland, 141, 152, 157-9, 161 ; at Avignon, 144 ; Cluny's dealings with his plate, 158-9 ; notes by, on disbursement of Jacobite trea- sure, 1 61 -3. His confessors, see M'Cormick, James ; M'Cormick, Michael. His daughter, see Al- bany, duchess of. His secretary, see Lumisden, Andrew ; Murray of Broughton, John. His tutor, see Sheridan, Sir Thomas. His valet, see Vezzosi, Michele.
, Henry Benedict, cardinal- duke of York, 61-2 ; attitude of, to his brother, 63, 1 16-17 ; his rente on the townhouse of Paris, 63, 1 16-17 > character and career of, 65-7 ; library of, 66 ; death and burial of, 67 ; baptism of, 74-5 ; his father's attempts to secure advancement of, 1 12-14; letters from his brother to, to obtain papal support, 118-23 ; succeeds Cardinal Albani as bishop of Ostia, 122 n; meeting between Duke of Sussex and, 124-5 ; his will, 128, 130 ; Atti's Life of, 128. -, James Francis Edward, see
Stuart of Ballichinen, Mr., 168.
, Lady Catherine, husband of,
30.
, Ippolita Cantelmo, princess
dowager of La Roccella, letter of Clementina to, 109-10.
, Jean, 32 ; hired by Drum- mond of Hawthornden, 35.
, John, retainer of Prince
Charles, 64-5 ; career of his son Charles, 64 n ; provision for, in Prince Charles's will, 128-9. His wife, see Fiorani, Rosa. — , Signora Sindaci-, descendant
of Duke of Berwick, 58 n.
Colonel, member of Jacobite
James vm. and in. — of Ardshiel, Charles, payments to, 162, 167 and n. His wife, see Haldane, Isabella.
court at Urbino, 86. Stuart Papers, at Windsor, material
in, on Locharkaig Treasure, 133
et seq. Stuarts, George i.'s fear of rising in
favour of, 58 ; relics of, in Italy,
62-3. Sussex, Augustus, duke of, son of
George in., meeting between
Cardinal-Duke of York and, 66,
124-5. Sym, Alexander, 15, 27.
Tannachy (Tanochie), laird of, 27,
51-
Tasso, his Gerusalemme Liberata, 46.
Tencin, see Guerin de T. Tersappie, laird of, see Blair of T. Thibault, ML, president of the
supreme court at Bouillon, 1 18-19. Thomson (Tomson, Tomsone),
James, n, 33.
, Sir Thomas, 20.
Tofts (Toffs), Sir Alexander Belches,
Lord, 17, 51. Tolbooth, of Edinburgh, see Edin- burgh. Torcastle, see Cameron of T. Torrigiani, Cardinal, minister of
Clement xin., 119-20. Tuscany, Giovanni, grand duke of,
99-100.
, British minister in, 126.
Townhead (Towenhead), in Balerno,
40 ; lands of, acquired by Stirling
of Orcherfield, 50. See also
Rutherford, Andrew. Traquair (Traqware), John, 1st earl
of, death of, 35, 51.
. 35-
Tron Church, Edinburgh, minister
of, see Laurie, Mr. Robert.
INDEX
183
Trotter of Charterhall, George, 15,
17. 42.
of Mortonhall, John, 18, 48.
, Alexander, 39.
Tullialan (Tillialan), 27, 51. Tulloch of Tannachy, family of, 51. Tweeddale (Twathell, Tweddale), 6,
30, 35. 5i- Tweedsmuir, minister of, see Scott, Mr. Robert.
Urban viii., pope, acquires duchy
of Urbino, 55. Urbano, Forte, Peterborough re- turns from, 71-2. Urbino, Jacobite court at, 55, 71-2,
79-86, 94 ; duchy of, becomes a
papal fief, 55. , duke of, see Francesco della
Rovere. Urquhart, Colonel James, Jacobite
agent, 146 n. Ursuline Nuns, Clementina's stay at
convent of, in Rome, 58. Uttershill, 49. , laird of, see Preston of U.
Valenti, Cardinal, letter of James to, 112-14.
Venice, 66.
Vernor (Vernour) of Auchindinny, John (' Owlld Awhindinnie '), 13, 22, 41 ; his superior, see Preston of Gorton, George.
Vezzosi ( Vitzosi) , Michele, valet and biographer of Prince Charles (' Juba'), 144 and n, 168.
Vicar-General, see Antonino, Sebas- tiano.
Victoire, Madame, aunt of Louis xvi., 58.
Villa Rocchi (Muti), James's resid- ence at, in Frascati, 61 ; 67.
Wales, Prince of, see James viii.
and in. Walkinshaw, Clementina, Prince
Charles's residence with, at Bou-
illon, 118 n ; account of Jacobite funds written by, 161 -3.
' Wallter,' 27.
Wariston, see Johnston of W.
Waters, John, of Paris, Prince Charles's banker, 161 n.
Wedderburn of Gosford, 139.
West Linton, 43.
Whitefield (Wheitfeelds, Whitfield), Drummond of Hawthornden's property of, in Peeblesshire, 4, 7 n, ii, 30-1, 51.
Whitehill, mining industry at, 43, 52.
, laird of, see Ramsay of W.
Whittel, Ebenezer, valet of the Duke of Mar, 62 n.
, Peter, Jacobite adherent in
Rome, 62 and n.
Wigtown, commissary of, see Stir- ling of Orcherfield, John.
Wilson (Willsone), James, Drum- mond of Hawthornden angered by, 13 ; to supply coals to Haw- thornden, 32 ; imprisoned, 38.
Windsor Castle, Stuart Papers at,
133-
Winsore, Mr., 19.
Winton (Wintoun, Witton), earl of, member of Jacobite court at Urbino, 85 ; daughter of, see Seton, Lady Jean ; son of, see Seton of Garleton.
, in Pencaitland parish, 14.
Witches, commission to try, 3.
Wogan, Charles, witness to marriage of James and Clementina, 59.
Woodhouselee (Woudhowslie), castle of, 45-6.
, laird of, see Purves of W.
Woolmet (Woulmet), 26, 52 ; coal- mining at, 43.
, laird of, see Biggar of W. ;
Edmonstone of W.
York, cardinal-duke of, see Stuart, Henry Benedict.
g>cotttsif) ^tstorp ^octetp
REPORT OF THE FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING
N
REPORT OF THE FIFTY-THIRD
ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY
The Fifty-Third Annual Meeting of the Society was held in the Caledonian Hotel, Edinburgh, on Saturday, 9th December 1939, at 2.30 p.m. The Rt. Hon. Lord Clyde, LL.D., President of the Society, occupied the chair.
The Report of the Council was as follows : —
The second volume for the year 1937-8 has been issued since the last Report of the Council. It consists of Charters of the Abbey of Inchcolm, edited by Dr. D. E. Easson and Dr. Angus Macdonald. This volume, for which the editors drew largely on the charter-chests of the Earl of Moray at Darnaway and the Earl of Buckinghamshire at Fordell, is a valuable addition to the monastic chartularies printed by the Bannatyne Club. In addition to the charters it includes a glossary of place-names and maps to show the lands of the Abbey.
Of the two volumes for the year 1938-9, Miscellany Volume VI should be ready for issue in December. It comprises four items. The first, fc Bagimond1s Roll,1 edited by Mrs. Annie I. Dunlop, from a manuscript in the Vatican Library, prints for the first time the whole of this important document, and the scholarly introduction appraises the significance of the
2
Roll in ecclesiastical history. The ' Foundation Charter of Dunbar Collegiate Church,*1 edited by Dr. D. E. Easson, is the earliest surviving instance of such charters in Scotland. Mr. H. M. Paton has edited a collection of letters from the Duke of Lauderdale to the second Earl of Tweeddale and others, written for the most part during 1668-70, and now belonging to Mr. Thomas Yule, W.S. The last item, which has been edited by Dr. W. K. Dickson, is a description of Ayrshire about the year 1780, written by the Rev. John Mitchell and placed at the disposal of the Society by his collateral descendant, Sir George Mitchell. The second volume for 1938-9 is a collection of extracts from the Diaries of Johnston of Wariston, which Mr. J. D. Ogilvie is editing. This volume is in the press and should be issued to members early next year.
As intimated in the last Report, only one volume will be issued for 1939-40. This will be Miscellany Volume VII, in which it is hoped to include ' Journals of Jacques de la Brosse,1 edited from manuscripts in the Bibliotheque Nationale and at the Quai d^rsay by Miss G. Dickinson ; ' Letters relating to the Honours of Scotland, , edited by Mr. Innes of Learney ; ' Diary of Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden, 1657-9,"' edited by Dr. H. W. Meikle ; u Jacobite Letters in Italy,1 edited by Miss Helen C. Stewart ; and ' The Locharkaig Treasure,"" edited from manuscripts at Windsor Castle by Miss Marion Hamilton.
At the request of the Council, Dr. Henry Hamilton will edit for a future year a volume of Monymusk Papers. Professor Hannay is preparing a Calendar of Letters of James III and James IV. Mr. Duncan C. Mactavish is engaged upon a volume of Minutes of the Synod of Argyll, 1639-1661. Other material is also under consideration by the Council.
Mr. J. A. Inglis, Dr. W. K. Dickson and Mr. James
3
MacLehose retire in rotation from the Council at this time. The Council recommend their re-election.
The Society has lost during the year 22 members by death or resignation, and 10 new members have joined. The total membership (including 138 libraries) now stands at 499.
In the present difficult times the Council appeal very earnestly for the maintenance of the Society's membership. Notwithstanding the Avar they hope to continue the publication of either one or two volumes each year, but this will only be possible if the annual subscriptions are forthcoming in sufficient quantity. The Council are confident that members appreciate how great a loss to Scottish scholarship would be involved by a suspension of the Society's publications.
An abstract of the accounts for 1938-39, as audited, is appended.
Professor R. K. Hannay, Chair.man of Council, moved the adoption of the Report. He began by referring to the death of Mr. John M. Howden, C.A., which had occurred since the Report was issued. He said that Mr. Howden had joined the Society almost forty years ago and had become Honorary Treasurer in 1922. His valuable services in that capacity for the past seventeen years had been highly esteemed by the Council.
The Chairman of Council went on to refer to the great amount of labour expended by Dr. Easson in his notes to the Inchcolm Charters. Pointing out that the sites of Augustinian houses were selected with particular regard to their capacity for hospitality, as at Scone, Cambuskenneth, and Holyrood near royal castles, and at Jedburgh near the old Roman road, he suggested that the founding of Inchcolm might be connected with the crossing of the Forth. He then reminded the Society that ' Bagimond's Roll,'' which Dr. Annie I. Dunlop had edited
for the same Miscellany Volume, was fundamental to all ecclesiastical taxation so late as the reign of Charles II. After explaining some features of forthcoming volumes, Professor Hannay proceeded to deal with the membership of the Society and the co-operative value of its work, and mentioned a good thesis written by a student in California who had derived information from the Society^ volumes.
Mr. John A. Inglis, K.C., in seconding the Report, em- phasised the dilatoriness of members, especially libraries, in paying their subscriptions.
The adoption of the Report and Accounts was unanimously carried.
Lord Clyde then delivered an address entitled fc 1790,"1 in which he surveyed conditions in Clackmannanshire at that time.
A vote of thanks was accorded to the President on the motion of Mr. T. Innes of Learney.
ABSTRACT Account Charge and Discharge of the Intromissions of the Honorary Treasurer for the year from 1st November 1938 to 1st November 1939.
CHARGE.
I. Uplifted from Deposit Account —
1939 Feb. 23— Of this date.
II. Subscriptions Received .
III. Past Publications sold to Members .
IV. Interest on Deposit Account .
V. Debit Balance at close of this Account, as per
Discharge, Branch IV . . . . 76 10 7
|
£150 0 0 |
|
|
. |
£469 7 0 |
|
. |
2 7 0 |
|
• • • |
6 6 3 |
Sum of the Charge . . £554 10 10
DISCHARGE.
I. Debit Balance at close of last year's Account . £80 0 5
II. Cost of Publications ..... 436 11 10
III. Miscellaneous Payments . . . . . 37 18 7
IV. Funds as at close of this Account —
1 . Balance at credit of Savings Account with Bank of Scotland .... £278 0 2
Carry forward . £278 0 2 £554, 10 10
6
Brought forward . £278 0 2 £554 10 10
2. Balance at credit of Account
Current with Bank of Scotland 70 13 6
3. Sum due by Treasurer . .£627
£354 16 3 Less — Due to Messrs. T. & A.
Constable Ltd. . . 431 6 10
Carried to Branch V of Charge £76 10 7
Sum of the Discharge equal to the Charge . . £554 10 10
Edinburgh, 13th November 1939. — I have examined the Accounts of the Honorary Treasurer of the Scottish History Society for the year from 1st November 1938 to 1st November 1939, and I find the same to be correctly stated and sufficiently vouched, closing with a debit Balance of £j6, 10s. yd., made up as follows —
1. Balance at credit of Savings Account with Bank of
Scotland. ....... ^278 o 2
2. Balance at credit of Account Current with Bank of
Scotland . . . . . . . . 70 13 6
3. Sum due by Treasurer ...... 627
;£354 16 3 Less — Due to Messrs. T. & A. Constable Ltd. . 431 6 10
Debit Balance as at 1st November 1939 . £76 10 7
John A. Inglis,
Auditor.
g>cottistf) %i&tovp ^ocietp
LIST OF MEMBERS
1st November 1940
o
LIST OF MEMBERS
Her Majesty Queen Mary.
Adam, Lt.-Commander Charles Keith, R.N., Blair-Adam,
Kinross-shire. Adamson, Miss Margot Robert, 100 Handside Lane, Welwyn
Garden City, Herts. Agnew, Rev. A. T., M.A., B.D., H.C.F., St. George's Vicarage,
Shrewsbury. Ailsa, The Marquess of, Culzean Castle, Maybole. Aitken, Miss A., 14 Murrayfield Drive, Edinburgh. Alexander, Joseph, 108 Glengate, Kirriemuir. Allan, John, M.R.C.V.S., Castle-Douglas. Alston, James, 57 Nile Grove, Edinburgh. Anderson, Miss H. M., 20 Grosvenor Crescent, Edinburgh. 10 Angus, William, Historical Dept., H.M. General Register House,
Edinburgh. Argyll, The Duke of, Inveraray Castle, Argyll. Arnot, Mrs. Rex, 12 Grosvenor Crescent, Edinburgh. Atholl, The Duke of, K.T., G.C.V.O., Blair Castle, Blair-Atholl.
Baird, Mrs. Susan G., of Colstoun, Haddington.
Balfour, F. R. S., of Dawyck, Stobo, Peeblesshire.
Balfour-Melville, E. W. M., D.Litt., 2 South LearmonthGardens, Edinburgh (Hon. Secretary).
Barnett, Rev. T. Ratcliffe, Ph.D., 7 Corrennie Gardens, Edin- burgh.
Barron, Rev. Douglas Gordon, D.D., Ardchoile, Aberfoyle.
Barron, Evan M., Inverness Courier, Inverness. 20 Batey, Rev. J. Hall, B.Litt., St. Andrew's Manse, Blackford, Perthshire.
LIST OF MEMBERS 3
Baxter, Professor J. H., D.D., D.Litt., 71 South Street, St. Andrews.
Begg, F. J. Henderson, M.B., Ch.B., Strathbeg, Barton Court Avenue, New Milton, Hants.
Beveridge, George, Vallay, Lochmaddy, North Uist.
Blackie, Walter W., The Hill House, Helensburgh, Dumbarton- shire.
Blair, Archibald Warden, M.A., LL.B., 8 Crown Road North, Glasgow, W. 2.
Boase, Edward R., Advocate, 20 Great King Street, Edin- burgh.
Bonar, John James, Eldinbrae, Lasswade.
Borenius, Professor T., 178 De Vere Gardens, Kensington, London, W. 8.
Boyd, Edward, C.A., 27 Melville Street, Edinburgh. 30 Boyd, Mrs. Helen T., 15 Moray Place, Edinburgh.
Boyes, John, 40 Glendevon Place, Edinburgh.
Brown, James, 10 Scott Crescent, Galashiels.
Browning, Professor Andrew, M.A., Westdel, Queen's Place, Glasgow, W. 2.
Bruce, Sir Michael S., Bart., 49 Park Lane, London, W. 1.
Buchan, J. Walter, Bank House, Peebles.
Buchanan, G. A.; Gask House, Auchterarder.
Buchanan, Hugh, Private Bag, Taihape, New Zealand.
Buchanan, H. R., 172 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.
Buist, Frank D. J., The Hollies, Broughty Ferry, Angus. 40 Burns, Miss Margaret W., 138 Newhaven Road, Edinburgh.
Burns, Alan, B.A., Advocate, Cumbernauld House, Cumber- nauld, Glasgow.
Burns, Dr. Charles, Evan Street, Stonehaven.
Bute, The Marquis of, K.T., Mountstuart, Isle of Bute.
Buyers, John A., Poundland House, Pinwherry, by Girvan, Ayrshire.
Cameron, Alexander, 4 Bangholm Terrace, Edinburgh. Cameron, Lieutenant-Colonel Angus, Firhall, Nairn.
4 LIST OF MEMBERS
Cameron, Sir D. Y., R.A., R.S.A., LL.D., Dun Eaglis, Kippen,
Stirlingshire. Cameron-Head, Mrs., of Inverailort Castle, Lochailort, Inver- ness-shire. Campbell, Buchanan, W.S., Moidart, Currie, Midlothian. 50 Campbell, Douglas, 17 East 61st Street, New York, U.S.A. Campbell, General Sir F., K.C.B., D.S.O., Tigh-an-Rudha,
Ardrishaig, Argyll. Campbell, Captain George I., Yr. of Succoth, Crarae,
Minard, Argyll. Campbell, J. L., Northbay, Barra. Campbell, Mrs. Margaret M., LL.B., 8 Kirklee Quadrant,
Glasgow. Campbell, Robert R., Board of Education, Whitehall, London,
S.W. 1. Cant, Rev. Alan, Manse of Creich, Cupar, Fife. Carmichael, Evelyn G. M., O.B.E., Berrington Hall, Shrewsbury. Carmichael, J. L., Arthurstone, Meigle, Perthshire. Carnegie, The Lady Helena, Rohallion, Murthly, Perthshire. 60 Chandler, Dr. F. W., 23 Abbey Lane, Woodseats, Sheffield. Chapman, George, 17 Graham's Road, Falkirk. Clark, Mrs. James, Ravelston, Blackhall, Midlothian. Cleary, Vincent, Bank of Montreal, Canada. Clyde, The Right Hon. Lord, LL.D., Briglands, Rumbling
Bridge (President). Conway, G. R. G., M.Inst.C.E., Apartado, 124 Bis, Mexico,
D. F., Mexico. Cooper, The Right Hon. T. M., K.C., M.P., Lord Advocate, 7
Abercromby Place, Edinburgh. Corsar, Kenneth Charles, F.S.A.Scot., Rubislaw, Braid Avenue,
Edinburgh. Couper, J. B., Gordon Chambers, 82 Mitchell Street,
Glasgow. Cowan, Miss Lillias A., St. Kilda, Sidmouth, Devon. 70 Cowie, John, 20 Blythswood Square, Glasgow, C. 2.
Crichton-Stuart, The Lord Colum, M.P., 1 Portland Place,
London, W. 1.
LIST OF MEMBERS
Crockett, Rev. W. S., D.D., The Manse, Tweedsmuir. Cross, A. R., B.A., 11 Kirklee Terrace, Glasgow, W. 2. Curie, James, LL.D., W.S., St. Cuthbert's, Melrose.
Dalrymple, The Hon. Sir Hew H., K.C.V.O., 24 Regent
Terrace, Edinburgh. Dalyell of the Binns, Lt.-Colonel Percy Gordon, CLE., D.L.,
The Binns, Linlithgow. Darling, James Stormonth, W.S., Edenbank, Kelso. Davidson, Alfred R., Invernahaven, Abernethy, Perthshire. Davidson, Captain Duncan G., of Flemington, Gollanfield,
Inverness-shire. 80 Davidson, George M., 41 Snowdon Place, Stirling. Davidson, Hugh, Braedale, Lanark.
Davidson, W. L., C.A., 142 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, C.2. Davies, Professor Godfrey, The Huntington Library, San
Marino, California, U.S.A. De Beer, E. S., M.A., 11 Sussex Place, Regent's Park,
London, N.W. 1. DePree, Mrs. Ruth, Beech Hill, Haddington. Dickinson, W. C, Ph.D., D.Lit., London School of Economics,
Houghton Street, Aldwych, London, W.C. 2. Dickson, A. Hope, 9 Succoth Gardens, Edinburgh. Dickson, J. Douglas H., W.S., 7 Doune Terrace, Edinburgh
(Hon. Treasurer). Dickson, Walter, Lynedoch House, Elcho Terrace, Portobello. 90 Dickson, Walter S., Advocate, 6 Circus Gardens, Edinburgh. Dickson, William Kirk, LL.D., Advocate, 8 Gloucester Place,
Edinburgh. Dobbie, Sir Joseph, 10 Learmonth Terrace, Edinburgh. Dobie, M. R., 23 Cargil Ten-ace, Edinburgh. Don, Captain William G., Maulesden, Brechin, Angus. Donald, Alexander Graham, M.A., F.F.A., 18 Carlton Terrace,
Edinburgh. Donaldson, Gordon, Ph.D., H.M. General Register House,
Edinburgh.
6 LIST OF MEMBERS
Donnelly, H. H., LL.B., H.M. General Register House,
Edinburgh. Douglas, Miss A. C, 34 Falkland Mansions, Hyndland,
Glasgow, W. 2. Duff, J. H., H.M. General Register House, Edinburgh. 100 Dumfries, The Earl of, 5 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh.
Dunlop, Mrs. Annie I., Ph.D., D.Litt., Dunselma, Fenwick,
Ayrshire. Dunlop, G. B., Standard Office, 3 Duke Street, Kilmarnock. Dunlop, W. B., Seton Castle, Longniddry.
Easson, Rev. D. E., B.D., Ph.D., Old Manse, Mauchline.
Elliot, Miss Effie M., Balnakiel, Galashiels.
Ellis, E. Menzies, 3 Belmont Drive, Rutherglen, Glasgow.
Fairgrieve, Andrew, Maplehurst, Galashiels. Farquhar, Mrs. Gordon, Arden, Helensburgh. Ferguson, Peter, Solicitor, Dunoon. 110 Fergusson, James, Caponflat, Haddington.
Findlay, Sir J. E. R., Bart., 18 Lauder Road, Edinburgh. Fleming, The Hon. Lord, East Morningside House, Clinton
Road, Edinburgh. Fleming, Mrs. Agnes J., 12 Beaufort Gardens, London,
S.W.3. Fleming, Miss Helen J., Dunalastair, Dreghorn Loan, Colinton. Fletcher, A. S., C.B.E., News Dept., Foreign Office,
London. Forbes, G. O., Yr. of Boyndlie, Fraserburgh. Forbes, Miss M. C, 11 Darnaway Street, Edinburgh. Fordyce, Professor C. J., The University, Glasgow. Forrest, Colonel, Glenmachan, Strandtown, Belfast. 120 Forrester, Rev. D. M., B.D., U.F. Manse, Broughton, Peebles- shire. Foulis, George H. Liston, 23 Moray Place, Edinburgh.
LIST OF MEMBERS 7
Fraser, Rev. A. Campbell, Rokeby Rectory, Barnard Castle, Co. Durham.
Fraser, Charles Ian, of Reelig, Kirkhill, Inverness-shire.
Fraser, Edward D., 4 The Highlands, St. Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex.
Fraser, Professor Sir John, K.C.V.O., M.D., 32 Moray Place, Edinburgh.
Fraser-Mackenzie, Mrs., of Allangrange, Bunchrew, Inverness- shire.
Galbraith, Professor V. H., 12 Learmonth Gardens, Edinburgh. Galletly, Mrs. E. G., 32 Mansionhouse Road, Edinburgh. Galloway, T. L., of Auchendrane, by Ayr. 130 Gauld, H. Drummond, Craigbinning House, Dechmont, West Lothian. Gibb, Sir Alexander, G.B.E., C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Queen
Anne's Lodge, Westminster, London, S.W. 1. Gilbertson, J. Stewart, 153 Park Avenue, Madison, New Jersey,
U.S.A. Girvan, Professor John, 11 Eglinton Drive, Glasgow, W. 2. Glenconner, The Lord, 4 Buckingham Street, London, S.W. 1. Grahame, Lieut.-Col. G. C, Ingleholm, North Berwick. Grant, Sir Francis J., K.C.V.O., LL.D., W.S., Lord Lyon King
of Arms, 18 George Square, Edinburgh. Grant, Major Frank L., T.D., St. Margaret's, Roslin. Grant, John, 31 George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh. Gray, Col. W. B., Commissioners of Education, Georgetown,
British Guiana. 140 Grierson, Henry J., W.S., Laguna, Murthly, Perthshire. Guthrie, Charles, W.S., 3 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh. Guthrie, T. Maule, Rosehill, Brechin, Forfarshire.
Hamilton, J. B., 11 Hatton Place, Edinburgh. Hay, Lt.-Col. R., Deputy Director-General, Indian Medical Service, New Delhi, India.
8 LIST OF MEMBERS
Hay, W. J., John Knox's House, Edinburgh.
Hayward, Robert S., The Hawthorns, Galashiels.
Henderson, Andrew, 43 Dalhousie Terrace, Edinburgh.
Henderson, C. Stewart, Sherbrooke, 4 Craigmillar Park, Edinburgh.
Henderson, J. G. B., Nether Parkley, Linlithgow. 150 Henderson, Prof. Robert Candlish, K.C., 6 Doune Terrace, Edinburgh.
Henderson, Robert, Glenview, Moniaive, Dumfries.
Henderson, Sir Thomas, Langlands, Hawick.
Henderson, Thomas, B.Sc, 47 Moray Place, Edinburgh.
Hepburne-Scott, The Hon. G. F. C, Humbie House, Humbie.
Home, The Earl of, K.T., The Hirsel, Coldstream.
Hope, Trustees of George E., of Luffness, Aberlady, per Blair & Cadell, W.S., 19 Ainslie Place, Edinburgh.
Hornel, Miss E. H., Broughton House, Kirkcudbright.
Howden, W. H., 195 Scotland Street, Glasgow.
Hutchison, David M., 82 West Regent Street, Glasgow. 160 Hutchison, Major-Gen. The Lord, of Montrose, K.C.M.G.,C.B., D.S.O., 19 Montagu Square, London, W. 1.
Inglis, John A., K.C., King's and Lord Treasurer's Remem- brancer, 13 Randolph Crescent, Edinburgh.
Ingram, W., K.C., 61 Great King Street, Edinburgh.
Innes, Thomas, of Learney, Advocate, Albany Herald, H.M. General Register House, Edinburgh.
Insh, G. P., D.Litt., Jordanhill College, Glasgow, W. 3.
Jamieson, The Right Hon. Lord, 34 Moray Place, Edinburgh. Johnston, The Right Hon. Thomas, M.P., Monteviot, Kirkintilloch.
Kay, Alex., of M'Clure, Naismith Brodie & Co., Glasgow. Keir, D. Lindsay, University College, Oxford.
LIST OF MEMBERS 9
Kerr, Sir Archibald Kerr Clark, K.C.M.G., of Inverchapel, 53 Grosvenor Street, London, W. 1. 170 Kilpatrick, P. J. W., Bridgend, Colinton.
Kirkwood, Charles G., Duncairn, Helensburgh. Knox, J. M., 57 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.
Laing, John E., 20 Bridge Street, Glasgow, C.5.
Lamb, Johnston Stewart, 10 Mortonhall Road, Edinburgh.
Lamont, Sir Norman, Bart., of Knockdow, Toward, Argyll.
Lamont, Thomas W., 23 Wall Street, New York, U.S.A.
Leiper, R. J., Tomphulit, Foss, by Pitlochry.
Lemon, Miss Ethelwyn, M.A., 35 Lauriston Place, Edinburgh.
Lindsay, Rev. and Hon. E. R., The Presbytery, Stone,
Staffs. 180 Lindsay, John, M.A., M.D., 18 Burnbank Terrace, Glasgow, W. Lindsay, Rev. John, 17 Midmar Gardens, Edinburgh. Lindsay, Leonard C. C, 15 Morpeth Mansions, Westminster,
S.W.I. Lindsay, R. H., Record Office, H.M. General Register House,
Edinburgh. Loch, Major-General The Lord, C.B., C.M.G., M.V.O., D.S.O.,
51 Lennox Gardens, London, S.W. 1. Loch, Captain Humfrey, Room 22, Foreign Office, London. Loch, Laurence John Carysfort, 1st Kumaon Rifles, c/o Lloyds
Bank Ltd., Hornby Road, Bombay. Loch, Sydney, Pyrgos, Jerissos, Greece. Loney, John W. M., Solicitor, 6 Carlton Street, Edinburgh. Lothian, The Marquis of, C.H., Seymour House, 17 Waterloo
Place, London, S.W. 1.
190 Macarthur, Neil, Solicitor, Royal Bank Buildings, Inverness. M'Bean, J. P., 6804 Lawnton, Oak Lane, Philadelphia, Pa.,
U.S.A. M'Candlish, Lieut.-Col. P. D., Muiredge, Bo'ness. MacColl, H. G., M.A., B.Sc, Craig Rannoch, Ballachulish, Argyll.
10 LIST OF MEMBERS
M'Colm, D. D., 13 Gloucester Place, Edinburgh. MacDiarmid, Allan Campbell, C.A., Westbrook Hay, Boxmoor,
Herts. Macdonald, Angus, Ph.D., King's College, Newcastle-on-
Tyne. MacDonald, Sir Murdoch, K.C.M.G., M.P., 72 Victoria Street,
London, S.W. 1. MacDougall, Captain Donald, Druimneil, Appin, Argyll. Macfarlane-Grieve, Lieut.-Colonel A. A., of Penchrise Peel,
Hawick. 200 M'Intosh, M., The Castle, Inverness Mackay, iEneas, 44 Craigs, Stirling. Mackay, William, Netherwood, Inverness. Mackay, W. Macdonald, 26 Lonsdale Road, Toronto,
Canada. McKechnie, Hector, B.A., LL.B., Advocate, 64 Great King
Street, Edinburgh. Mackenzie, Compton, Suidheachan, Isle of Barra. Mackenzie, Mrs. P. C, 1a Warwick Road, Manor Park,
London. Mackenzie, William C, Deargaill, St. Margarets-on-Thames. M'Kerral, Andrew, CLE., M.A., B.Sc, National Bank of
India, London. Mackie, Professor J. D., M.A., The University, Glasgow. 210 Mackie, Robert L., M.A., B.Litt., Abercraig, West Newport,
Dundee. Mackinnon, Rev. Donald, F.C. Manse, Portree, Skye. Mackinnon, Professor James, D.D., Ph.D., 12 Lygon Road,
Edinburgh. Maclachlan, John, of Maclachlan, Castle Lachlan, Strachur,
Argyll. Maclean, The Very Rev. Norman, D.D., Portree House,
Portree, Skye. MacLehose, James, LL.D., The Old Parsonage, Lamington. Macleod, John, 80 Montpelier Park, Edinburgh. Macleod, Sir John Lome, G.B.E., LL.D., 72 Great King Street,
Edinburgh.
LIST OF MEMBERS 11
Macmillan, A. R. G., M.A., LL.B., Advocate, 48 India Street, Edinburgh.
Macmillan, The Lord, G.C.V.O., LL.D., 44 Millbank, West- minster, London, S.W. 1. 220 Macpherson, James, Solicitor, Corn Exchange Road, Stirling.
Macqueen, Miss E., M.A., 46 Mount Road, Montrose.
Macrae, C, D.Phil., 5 Macdowall Road, Edinburgh 9.
Macrae, Rev. Duncan, 26 Douglas Crescent, Edinburgh.
Mactavish, Duncan C, Castleton Cottage, by Lochgilphead, Argyll.
MacWhirter, Miss, North British Station Hotel, Edinburgh.
Malcolm, Sir Ian, K.C.M.G., of Poltalloch, Kilmartin, Argyll.
Mar and Kellie, The Earl of, K.T., Alloa House, Alloa.
Marshall, Charles Hay, S.S.C., 97 Seagate, Dundee.
Marshall, David C, Kilbucho Place, Broughton, Peebles- shire. 2S0 Marshall, Sir W. M., Solicitor, 3 Merry Street, Motherwell.
Massie, James, 9 Castle Street, Edinburgh.
Mathers, George Fleming, M.A., LL.B., W.S., 23 Manor Place, Edinburgh.
Matheson, J. Carstairs, M.A., 34 Albany Drive, Lanark.
Mechan, Sir Henry, LL.D., 50 Montgomerie Drive, Glasgow, W.2.
Meikle, H. W., D.Litt., 23 Riselaw Road, Edinburgh.
Meldrum, Rev. Neil, B.D., 26 Carden Place, Aberdeen.
Melles, J. W., Gruline, Aros, Isle of Mull.
Mellor, Major J. G. G., No. 10 Hereford House, Park Street, London, W. 1 .
Menzies, W., 6 St. Vincent Street, Edinburgh. 240 Michie, J. T., British Linen Bank House, Balfron.
Mill, William, 54 Polwarth Terrace, Edinburgh.
Miller, R. Pairman, S.S.C., 50 Queen Street, Edinburgh.
Milne, George, Craigellie, Lonmay, Aberdeenshire.
Milne, James Fairweather, Rocksley House, Boddam, Peter- head.
Minto, The Earl of, Minto House, Roxburghshire.
12 LIST OF MEMBERS
Mitchell, Sir George A., 4 West Regent Street, Glasgow. Moncreiffe, William, Cuil-an-duin, Ballinluig, Perthshire. Montgomerie, Miss Marjorie, 33 Westbourne Gardens,
Glasgow, W. 2. Mooney, John, Cromwell Cottage, Kirkwall, Orkney. 250 Morgan, Ian, 8 Playfair Terrace, Downfield, Dundee. Morris, David B., 15 Gladstone Place, Stirling. Muirhead, Ronald E., Meikle Cloak, Lochwinnoch. Munro, Robert, 71 Adele Street, Motherwell.
Nicholas, Don. L., Pine Lodge, 2 Stanley Avenue, Higher
Bebington, Cheshire. Nicoll, A., 24 Learmonth Terrace, Edinburgh. Normand, The Rt. Hon. Lord, Lord Justice-General, 27 Moray
Place, Edinburgh.
Ogilvie, F. W., Director-General, British Broadcasting Cor- poration, London. Ogilvie, J. D., Barloch, Milngavie. Oliver, Mrs., Edgerston, Jedburgh. 260 Orr, John, 74 George Street, Edinburgh.
Paton, Henry M., 5 Little Road, Liberton, Edinburgh. Petrie, Sir Charles, Bart., Lillington House, Sherborne,
Dorset Petrie, James A., 28 Windsor Street, Edinburgh. Philip, Rev. Adam, D.D., 19 Greenhill Gardens, Edinburgh. Pirie-Gordon, of Buthlaw, Harry, D.S.C., F.S.A., 46 Addison
Avenue, Kensington, London, W. 11. Pitman, H. A., 130 Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park, London, W.2. Pollok, Mrs. Gladys M., Ranachan, West Side House,
Wimbledon, London, S.W. 19. Prain, A. M., Advocate, 79 Great King Street, Edinburgh. Pryde, G. S., Ph.D., History Department, University,
Glasgow.
LIST OF MEMBERS 13
270 Ramsay, Captain A. H. M., 4 Princes Gate, London, S.W.
Ramsay, Miss E. Lucy, Stainrigg, Coldstream.
Ramsay, Captain Iain, Junior Carlton Club, Pall Mall, London.
Rankin, W. B., W.S., 2 Rothesay Terrace, Edinburgh.
Reid, James A., 28 Anderson Street, Airdrie.
Reid, R. C, Cleuchbrae Cottage, Ruthwell, R.S.O., Dumfries- shire.
Reoch, John, Hawthornden, Erskine Road, Whitecraigs, Renfrewshire.
Richardson, Rev. Andrew Turnbull, Whyte's Causeway, Baptist Manse, Kirkcaldy.
Riddell, The Hon. William Renwick, LL.D., D.C.L., Osgoode Hall, Toronto, Canada.
Robb, James, B.D., LL.D., 26 Ormidale Terrace, Edin- burgh. 280 Roberton, John Stewart, Writer, 176 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.
Robertson, Ian Macdonald, LL.B., W.S., Glenlyon, Spylaw Bank Road, Colinton.
Rose, Vice-Admiral F. F., C.B., D.S.O., East Indies Station, c/o G.P.O., London.
Rosebery, The Earl of, D.S.O., Dalmeny House, Edin- burgh.
Ross, James, 10 Midmar Gardens, Edinburgh.
Rusk, J. M., 6 Rutland Square, Edinburgh.
Russell, John, 2 Brunton Place, Edinburgh.
St. Viqeans, The Hon. Lord, 15 Grosvenor Crescent, Edin- burgh.
Salvesen, The Right Hon. Lord, P.C., LL.D., Dean Park House, Queensferry Road, Edinburgh.
Salvesen, I. R. S., 6 Rothesay Terrace, Edinburgh. 290 Salvesen, T. E., 37 Inverleith Place, Edinburgh.
Sanderson, Kenneth, W.S., 5 Northumberland Street, Edin- burgh.
Saunders, William, 15 Morningside Grove, Edinburgh.
14 LIST OF MEMBERS
Scott, J. C, 15 Napier Road, Edinburgh. Scott, John, W.S., 13 Hill Street, Edinburgh. Scott, R. Lyon, Braeside, Loanhead, Midlothian. Shaw, Mackenzie S., W.S., 1 Thistle Court, Edinburgh. Shoemaker, Col. Henry W., Litt.D., American Legation,
Sofia, Bulgaria. Simson, Colonel H. J., M.C., Balmanno, Laurencekirk,
Kincardineshire. Sinclair, The Rt. Hon. Sir Archibald, Bart., M.P., of Ulbster,
1 Thorney Court, London, W. 8. 300 Smith, Andrew Cameron, Milnhead, by Dumfries.
Smith, D. Baird, C.B.E., LL.D., 5 Kirklee Terrace, Glasgow,
W.2. Smith, Miss Dorothea Nimmo, 35 Heriot Row, Edinburgh. Smith, Lt.-Col. Ian M., D.S.O., M.C., c/o Williams Deacons
Bank, 9 Pall Mall, London, S.W. 1. Smith, John, Birkhill, Lesmahagow. Snow, Rev. W. G. S., M.A., St. Mungo's Rectory, Alexandria,
Dumbartonshire . Sommerville, John, Solicitor, 9 Hermitage Terrace, Edinburgh. Stair, The Earl of, D.S.O., Oxenfoord Castle, Dalkeith. Steuart, A. Francis, Advocate, 2 Lynedoch Place, Edinburgh. Stevenson, Professor W. B., 31 Mansionhouse Road, Edin- burgh. 310 Stewart, James, of Keil, Duror, Appin, Argyll.
Stewart, William Ritchie, Merrick, Dalmellington, Ayrshire. Stirton, Rev. John, C.V.O., D.D., Delvine, Dreghorn Loan,
Colinton. Stodart, Charles, of Leaston, Humbie. Strathie, A. C, Bemersyde, Kilmacolm, Renfrewshire. Struthers, Major J. G., The Cottage, Bonawe Quarries, by
Conn el, Argyll. Swinton, Rev. Alan E., of Swinton House, Duns.
Tait, William, 64 Albert Drive, Pollokshields. Tayler, Miss Henrietta, Duff House, Arundel.
LIST OF MEMBERS 15
Thomson, Col., Kilkenny House, Sion Hill, Bath. S20 Thomson, David C, Inveravon, Broughty Ferry. Thomson, J. Albert, 126 George Street, Edinburgh. Tod, Henry, W.S., 45 North Castle Street, Edinburgh. Trench,G. Mackenzie, O.B.E.,F.R.I.B.A., F.S.I. ,F.S.A.(Scot.), Glen Morven, Forest Drive, Kingswood, Surrey.
Urquhart, Donald, Bellair, Durban, Natal, South Africa.
Waddell, J. Jeffrey, Caldergrove House, Hallside, Lanark- shire.
Wallace, Sir David, K.B.E., C.M.G., F.R.C.S., 6 Eton Terrace, Edinburgh.
Walton, Frederick Parker, LL.D., Advocate (K.C., Quebec), 6 Great King Street, Edinburgh.
Warrack, Malcolm, 7 Oxford Terrace, Edinburgh.
Warrand, Major Duncan G., C.B.E., M.A., F.S.A., Ormidale, Glen Daruel, Argyll. 330 Watson, Arthur, 23 Danes Drive, Scotstoun, Glasgow.
Watson, J. Allen, 5 Charlotte Street, Perth.
Watson, Professor James A. S., B.Sc, 17 Crick Road. Oxford.
Watt, James, LL.D., W.S., 7 Blackford Road, Edinburgh 10.
Watt, The Very Rev. Lauchlan Maclean, D.D., LL.D., Kin- loch, Lochcarron, Ross-shire.
Weir, Thomas M., 227 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.
Westwater, L. A., 4 Walker Street, Edinburgh.
Whitelaw, Charles E., F.S.A.(Scot.), 22 Midmar Gardens, Edinburgh.
Whitson, Sir Thomas B., LL.D., 27 Eglinton Crescent, Edinburgh.
Whyte, Robert D., Town Clerk, Rothesay. 340 Williams, Allan, Ormeau Avenue, Belfast.
Wilson, Garnet, St. Colmes, 496 Perth Road, Dundee.
Wordie, William, 31 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow, W. 2.
Wotherspoon, Robert, Solicitor, Inverness.
16 LIST OF MEMBERS
Wright, James M. B., of Auchinellan, Ford, Argyll. Wyllie, Matthew, 169 West George Street, Glasgow, C.2.
Young, David R., Solicitor, Kinross.
Young, Thomas E., W.S., Auchterarder.
Younger, Miss Alice, 3 Osborne Terrace, Edinburgh.
Yule, Thomas, W.S., 16 East Claremont Street, Edinburgh.
LIST OF LIBRARIES SUBSCRIBING 17
LIST OF LIBRARIES SUBSCRIBING
Aberdeen Public Library.
Aberdeen University Library.
Arbroath Public Library.
Ayr, Carnegie Public Library.
Baltimore, Peabody Institute, U.S.A.
Bearsden, by Glasgow, St. Peter's College.
Belfast Library and Society for Promoting Knowledge, Donegall Square North, Belfast (Linenhall Library).
Belfast, Queen's University.
Birmingham Public Libraries (Ref. Dept.). 10 Boston Athenaeum, Mass., U.S.A.
Boston Public Library, Mass., U.S.A.
California University Library, U.S.A.
Cambridge University Library.
Canberra, Commonwealth National Library, Australia.
Cardiff Free Public Library.
Chicago, Newberry Library, U.S.A.
Chicago University Library, U.S.A.
Cleveland Public Library, 325 Superior Avenue, N.W., Cleve- land, Ohio, U.S.A.
Coatbridge, Carnegie Public Library. 20 Columbia University Library, New York, U.S.A.
Copenhagen, Royal Library, Denmark.
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A.
Dartmouth College Library, Hanover, N.H., U.S.A.
Duke University Library, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.
Dundee Free Library.
Dundee University College Library.
Dunfermline Public Library.
Dunfermline, Scottish Central Library for Students.
Edinburgh, Church of Scotland Library. SO Edinburgh, Corporation of the City of, City Chambers.
Edinburgh, Episcopal Church Theological Library, Coates Hall, Rosebery Crescent.
Edinburgh, Fraser Chair of Scottish History, Edinburgh Uni- versity.
Edinburgh, Free Church Library, Bank Street.
P
18 LIST OF LIBRARIES SUBSCRIBING
Edinburgh, H.M. General Register House (Historical Depart- ment).
Edinburgh, Hope Trust, 31 Moray Place.
Edinburgh, New Club, Princes Street.
Edinburgh, New College Library, Assembly Hall, Mound.
Edinburgh, Protestant Institute of Scotland, 17 George IV. Bridge.
Edinburgh Public Library, George IV. Bridge. 40 Edinburgh, Royal College of Physicians, 9 Queen Street.
Edinburgh, St. Mary's Cathedral Library.
Edinburgh, Signet Library, Parliament Square.
Edinburgh, Society of Scottish Antiquaries, National Museum of Antiquities, Queen Street.
Edinburgh, Society of Solicitors before the Supreme Court.
Edinburgh, Speculative Society, University Buildings.
Edinburgh, University Club.
Edinburgh University Library.
Falkirk Public Library.
Fort Augustus, St. Benedict's Abbey. 50 Fort William, West Highland Museum.
Glasgow, Baillie's Institution Free Library.
Glasgow, Faculty of Procurators.
Glasgow, Mitchell Library.
Glasgow University Library.
Glasgow Western Club.
Hamburg, Staats-und-Universitats Bibliothek, Speersort, Ham- burg, Germany.
Harvard College Library, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
Illinois University Library, Urbana, 111., U.S.A.
Inverness Free Library. 60 Iowa State University, Iowa, U.S.A.
Ireland, National Library of, Dublin.
Kilmarnock Public Library.
Leeds Library, Commercial Sti'eet, Leeds.
Leipzig, Universitats-Bibliothek, Beethovenstr. 6, Germany.
Liverpool Public Library.
London, Antiquaries, Society of, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W. 1.
London, Athenaeum Club.
London, Corporation Library, Guildhall.
London, Institute of Historical Research, Malet Street, W.C. 1.
LIST OF LIBRARIES SUBSCRIBING 19
70 London Library, St. James's Square.
London, Public Record Office.
London, Reform Club, Pall Mall, S.W.
London, Royal Institution, W.
London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, Aldwych, W.C. 2.
London University, South Kensington, S.W.
London, University College, Gower Street, London.
Los Angeles Public Library, California, U.S.A.
Los Angeles, University of California Library, U.S.A.
Lund, Universitets Bibliotheket, Sweden. 80 Mackay Clan, Edinburgh.
Manchester, John Rylands Library.
Manchester, Public Free Library.
Manchester University Library.
Melbourne, University of, Carlton, Australia.
Michigan, University of, General Library, Ann Arbor, Mich., U.S.A.
Minnesota, Library of University of Minneapolis, U.S.A.
Montreal, McGill University, Canada.
Munich, Bavarian State Library, Germany.
Netherlands Royal Library, The Hague, Holland. 90 Newcastle-upon-Tyne Public Library.
New South Wales Library, Sydney, Australia.
New York Public Library, Albany, New York, U.S.A.
New York State Library, U.S.A.
New York University Library, U.S.A.
Nottingham Free Public Library.
Ottawa, Parliamentary Library, Canada.
Oxford, All Souls College.
Oxford, Bodleian Library.
Paisley, Philosophical Institution. 100 Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale, France.
Pennsylvania Historical Society, U.S.A.
Pennsylvania University Library, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
Perth, Sandeman Public Library.
Philadelphia, St. Andrew's Society, U.S.A.
Princeton Theological Seminary, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Princeton University Library, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Prussian State Library.
Reading University Library.
20 LIST OF LIBRARIES SUBSCRIBING
St. Andrews Hay Fleming Library. 110 St. Andrews University Library.
San Francisco Public Library, Civic Center, California, U.S.A.
San Marino, Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, California, U.S.A.
Saskatoon, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
Sheffield Free Public Library.
Sheffield University Library.
Stanford University Library, California, U.S.A.
Stirling Public Library.
Stockholm, Royal Library, Sweden.
Stonyhurst College, Blackburn, Lancashire. 120 Texas, University of, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
Toronto Reference Library, Canada.
Toronto University Library, Canada.
Upsala, Royal University Library, Sweden.
Vaticana Biblioteca Apostolica, Citta del Vaticano, Italy.
Victoria Public Library, Melbourne, Australia.
Wales, National Library of, Aberystwyth.
Washington, Library of Congress, U.S.A.
Washington, University Library, St. Louis, U.S.A.
Washington, University Library, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. ISO Wick, Carnegie Public Library.
Wigan, Free Public Library.
Wisconsin, State Historical Society, U.S.A.
Yale University Library, U.S.A.
Copies of the Society's Publications are presented to the following Libraries : —
British Museum, London.
National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.
ikotttstf) JMsitorp ^octetp.
THE EXECUTIVE.
1939-1940.
President. Rt. Hon. Lord Clyde, LL.D
Chairman of Council. Professor R. K. Hannay, LL.D.
Council. John A. Inglis, K.C. William K. Dickson, LL.D. James MacLehose, LL.D. T. Innes of Learney. Evan M. Barron. R. C. Reid.
W. C. Dickinson, D.Lit. Professor J. D. Mackie. James Curle, W.S., LL.D. R. L. Mackie. D. B. Morris. H. W. Meikle, D.Litt.
Corresponding Members of Council. Sir Charles Oman, K.B.E., F.B.A., D.C.L., LL.D., Chichele
Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford. Professor G. M. Trevelyan, O.M., C.B.E., F.B.A., D.C.L.,
LL.D., Litt.D., Regius Professor of Modern History in
the University of Cambridge.
Hon. Treasurer. J. Douglas H. Dickson, W.S., 66 Queen Street, Edinburgh.
Hon. Secretary.
E. W. M. Balfour- Melville, D.Litt., History Department,
The University, Edinburgh.
RULES
1. The object of the Society is the discovery and printing, under selected editorship, of unpublished documents illus- trative of the civil, religious, and social history of Scotland. The Society will also undertake, in exceptional cases, to issue translations of printed works of a similar nature, which have not hitherto been accessible in English.
2. The affairs of the Society shall be managed by a Council, consisting of a Chairman, Treasurer, Secretary, and twelve elected Members, five to make a quorum. Three of the twelve elected Members shall retire annually by ballot, but they shall be eligible for re-election.
3. The Annual Subscription to the Society shall be One Guinea. The publications of the Society shall not be delivered to any Member whose Subscription is in arrear, and no Member shall be permitted to receive more than one copy of the Society's publications.
4. The Society will undertake the issue of its own publica- tions, i.e. without the intervention of a publisher or any other paid agent.
5. The Society normally issues yearly two octavo volumes of about 320 pages each.
6. An Annual General Meeting of the Society shall be held at the end of October, or at an approximate date to be determined by the Council.
7. Two stated Meetings of the Council shall be held each year, one on the last Tuesday of May, the other on the Tuesday preceding the day upon which the Annual General Meeting shall be held. The Secretary, on the request of three Members of the Council, shall call a special meeting of the Council.
8. Editors shall receive 20 copies of each volume they edit for the Society.
9. The owners of Manuscripts published by the Society will also be presented with a certain number of copies.
10. The Annual Balance- Sheet, Rules, and List of Members shall be printed.
11. No alteration shall be made in these Rules except at a General Meeting of the Society. A fortnight's notice of any alteration to be proposed shall be given to the Members of the Council.
PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY
For the year 1886-1887.
1. Bishop Pococke's Tours in Scotland, 1747-1760. Edited by
D. W. Kemp.
2. Diary and Account Book of William Cunningham of Craig- ends, 1673-1680. Edited by the Rev. James Dodds, D.D.
For the year 1887-1888.
3. Grameidos libri sex : an heroic poem on the Campaign of
1689, by James Philip of Almerieclose. Translated and edited by the Rev. A. D. Murdoch.
4. The Register of the Kirk-Session of St. Andrews. Part i.
1559-1582. Edited by D. Hay Fleming.
For the year 1888-1889.
5. Diary of the Rev. John Mill, Minister in Shetland, 1740-1803.
Edited by Gilbert Goudie.
6. Narrative of Mr. James Nimmo, a Covenanter, 1654-1709. Edited by W. G. Scott-Moncrieff.
7. The Register of the Kirk-Session of St. Andrews. Part n.
1583-1600. Edited by D. Hay Fleming.
For the year 1889-1890.
8. A List of Persons concerned in the Rebellion (1745). With
a Preface by the Earl of Rosebery.
Presented to the Society by the Earl of Rosebery.
9. Glamis Papers : The ' Book of Record,' a Diary written by
Patrick, first Earl of Strathmore, and other documents (1 684-89) • Edited by A . H . Millar .
10. John Major's History of Greater Britain (1521). Trans- lated and edited by Archibald Constable.
For the year 1890-1891.
11. The Records of the Commissions of the General Assemblies,
1646-47. Edited by the Rev. Professor Mitchell, D.D., and the Rev. James Christie, D.D.
12. Court-Book of the Barony of Urie, 1604-1747. Edited by the Rev. D. G. Barron.
4 PUBLICATIONS
For the year 1891-1892.
13. Memoirs of Sir John Clerk of Penicuik, Baronet. Extracted by himself from his own Journals, 1676-1755. Edited by John M. Gray.
14. Diary of Col. the Hon. John Erskine of Carnock, 1683-1687. Edited by the Rev. Walter Macleod.
For the year 1892-1893.
15. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. i.
16. Account Book of Sir John Foulis of Ravelston (1671-1707). Edited by the Rev. A. W. Cornelius Hallen.
For the year 1893-1894.
17. Letters and Papers illustrating the Relations between Charles ii. and Scotland in 1650. Edited by Samuel Rawson Gardiner, D.C.L., etc.
18. Scotland and the Commonwealth. Letters and Papers re- lating to the Military Government of Scotland, Aug. 1651- Dec 1653. Edited by C. H. Firth, MA.
For the year 1894-1895.
19- The Jacobite Attempt of 1719- Letters of James, second Duke of Ormonde. Edited by W. K. Dickson.
20, 21. The Lyon in Mourning, or a Collection of Speeches, Letters, Journals, etc., relative to the Affairs of Prince Charles Edward Stuart, by Bishop Forbes. 1746-1775. Edited by Henry Paton. Vols. i. and II.
For the year 1895-1896.
22. The Lyon in Mourning. Vol. in.
23. Itinerary of Prince Charles Edward (Supplement to the
Lyon in Mourning). Compiled by W. B. Blaikie.
24. Extracts from the Presbytery Records of Inverness and
Dingwall from 1638 to 1688. Edited by William Mackay.
25. Records of the Commissions of the General Assemblies {con- tinued) for the years 1648 and 1649- Edited by the Rev. Pro- fessor Mitchell, D.D., and Rev. James Christie, D.D.
For the year 1896-1897.
26. Wariston's Diary and other Papers —
Johnston of Wariston's Diary, 1639- Edited by G. M. Paul. — The Honours of Scotland, 1651-52. C. R. A. Howden. — The Earl of Mar's Legacies, 1722, 1726. Hon. S. Erskine. — Letters by Mrs. Grant of Laggan. J. R. N. Macphail.
Presented to the Society by Messrs. T. and A. Constable.
PUBLICATIONS 5
27. Memorials of John Murray of Broughton, 1740-1747. Edited by R. Fitzroy Bell.
28. The Compt Buik of David Wedderburne, Merchant of
Dundee, 1587-1630. Edited by A. H. Millar.
For the year 1897-1898.
29. 30. The Correspondence of De Montereul and the brothers
De Bellievre, French Ambassadors in England and Scotland, 1645-1648. Edited, with Translation, by J. G. Fotheringham. 2 vols.
For the year 1898-1899.
31. Scotland and the Protectorate. Letters and Papers re- lating to the Military Government of Scotland, from January 1654 to June 1659- Edited by C. H. Firth, M.A.
32. Papers illustrating the History of the Scots Brigade in the Service of the United Netherlands. 1572-1782. Edited by James Ferguson. Vol. i. 1572-1697.
33. 34. Macfarlane's Genealogical Collections concerning Families in Scotland ; Manuscripts in the Advocates' Library. 2 vols. Edited by J. T. Clark, Keeper of the Library.
Presented to the Society by the Trustees of the late Sir William Fraser, K.C.B.
For the year 1899-1900.
35. Papers on the Scots Brigade in Holland, 1572-1782. Edited by James Ferguson. Vol. n. 1698-1782.
36. Journal of a Foreign Tour in 1665 and 1666, etc., by Sir John
Lauder, Lord Fountainhall. Edited by Donald Crawford.
37. Papal Negotiations with Mary Queen of Scots during her Reign in Scotland. Chiefly from the Vatican Archives. Edited by the Rev. J. Hungerford Pollen, S.J.
For the year 1900-1901.
38. Papers on the Scots Brigade in Holland, 1572-1782. Edited by James Ferguson. Vol. in.
39- The Diary of Andrew Hay of Craignethan, 1659-60. Edited by A. G. Reid, F.S.A.Scot.
For the year 1901-1902.
40. Negotiations for the Union of England and Scotland in
1651-53. Edited by C. Sanford Terry.
41. The Loyall Dissuasive. Written in 1703 bv Sir yEneas Mac-
pherson. Edited by the Rev. A. D. Murdoch.
6 PUBLICATIONS
For the year 1902-1903.
42. The Chartulary of Lindores, 1195-1479. Edited by the
Right Rev. John Dowden, D.D., Bishop of Edinburgh.
43. A Letter from Mary Queen of Scots to the Duke of Guise,
Jan. 1562. Reproduced in Facsimile. Edited by the Rev. J.
HUNGERFORD PoLLEN, S.J.
Presented to the Society by the family of the late Mr. Scott, of Halkshill.
44. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. n.
45. Letters of John Cockburn of Ormistoun to his Gardener,
1727-1743. Edited by James Colville, D.Sc.
For the year 1903-1904.
46. Minute Book of the Managers of the New Mills Cloth Manufactory, 1681-1690. Edited by W. R. Scott.
47. Chronicles of the Frasers ; being the Wardlaw Manuscript
entitled ' Polichronicon seu Policratica Temporum, or, the true Genealogy of the Frasers.' By Master James Fraser. Edited by William Mackay.
48. Proceedings of the Justiciary Court from 1661 to 1678. Vol. i. 1661-1669. Edited by Sheriff Scott-Moncrieff.
For the year 1904-1905.
49. Proceedings of the Justiciary Court from 1661 to 1678. Vol. 11. 1669-1678. Edited by Sheriff Scott-Moncrieff.
50. Records of the Baron Court of Stitchill, 1655-1807. Edited by Clement B. Gunn, M.D., Peebles.
51. Macfarlane's Geographical Collections. Vol. 1. Edited by Sir Arthur Mitchell, K.C.B.
For the year 1905-1906.
52. 53. Macfarlane's Geographical Collections. Vols. 11. and in.
Edited by Sir Arthur Mitchell, K.C.B.
54. Statuta Ecclesle Scotican^e, 1225-1559. Translated and
edited by David Patrick, LL.D.
For the year 1906-1907.
55. The House Booke of Accomps, Ochtertyre, 1737-39- Edited by James Colville, D.Sc.
56. The Charters of the Abbey of Inchaffray. Edited by W. A.
Lindsay, K.C., the Right Rev. Bishop Dowden, D.D., and J. Maitland Thomson, LL.D.
57. A Selection of the Forfeited Estates Papers preserved in
H.M. General Register House and elsewhere. Edited by A. H. Millar, LL.D.
PUBLICATIONS 7
For the year 1907-1908.
58. Records of the Commissions of the General Assemblies (con- tinued), for the years 1650-52. Edited by the Rev. James Christie, D.D.
59. Papers relating to the Scots in Poland. Edited by A.
Francis Steuart.
For the year 1908-1909.
60. Sir Thomas Craig's De Unione Regnorum Britannia Trac- tatus. Edited, with an English Translation, by C. Sanford Terry.
61. Johnston of Wariston's Memento Quamdiu Vivas, and Diary from 1632 to 1639- Edited by G. M. Paul, LL.D., D.K.S.
Second Series.
For the year 1909-1910.
1. The Household Book of Lady Grisell Baillie, 1692-1733. Edited by R. Scott-Moncrieff, W.S.
2. Origins of the '45 and other Narratives. Edited by W. B. Blaikie, LL.D.
3. Correspondence of James, fourth Earl of Findlater and first Earl of Seafield, Lord Chancellor of Scotland. Edited by James Grant, M.A., LL.B.
For the year 1910-1911.
4. Rentale Sancti Andree ; being Chamberlain and Granitar Accounts of the Archbishopric in the time of Cardinal Betoun, 1538-1546. Translated and edited by Robert Kerr Hannay.
5. Highland Papers. Vol. i. Edited by J. R. N. Macphail, K.C.
For the year 1911-1912.
6. Selections from the Records of the Regality of Melrose. Vol. 1. Edited by C. S. Romanes, C.A.
7. Records of the Earldom of Orkney. Edited by J.S. Clouston.
For the year 1912-1913.
8. Selections from the Records of the Regality of Melrose.
Vol. 11. Edited by C. S. Romanes, C.A.
9. Selections from the Letter Books of John Steuart, Bailie of Inverness. Edited bv William Mackay. LL.D.
8 PUBLICATIONS
For the year 1913-1914.
10. Rentale Dunkeldense ; being the Accounts of the Chamber- lain of the Bishopric of Dunkeld, a.d. 1506-1517. Edited by R. K. Hannay.
11. Letters of the Earl of Seafield and Others, illustrative of the History of Scotland during the Reign of Queen Anne. Edited by Professor Hume Brown.
For the year 1914-1915.
12. Highland Papers. Vo1.ii. Edited by J.R.N. Macphail, K.C.
(March 1916.) {Note. — Origins of the '45, issued for 1909-1910, is issued also for 1914-1915.)
For the year 1915-1916.
13. Selections from the Records of the Regality of Melrose.
Vol. in. Edited by C. S. Romanes, C.A. (February 1917.)
14. A Contribution to the Bibliography of Scottish Topography. Edited by the late Sir Arthur Mitchell and C. G. Cash. Vol. i. (March 1917.)
For the year 1916-1917.
15. Bibliography of Scottish Topography. Vol. ii. (May 1917.)
16. Papers relating to the Army of the Solemn League and Covenant, 1643-1647. Vol.i. Edited by Professor C. Sanford Terry. (October 1917.)
For the year 1917-1918.
17. Papers relating to the Army of the Solemn League and Covenant, 1643-1647. Vol. n. (December 1917.)
18. Wariston's Diary. Vol. ii. Edited by D. Hay Fleming,
LL.D. (February 1919.)
For the year 1918-1919.
19. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. in.
20. Highland Papers. Vol. in. Edited by J. R. N. Macphail,
K.C.
Third Series.
For the year 1919-1920.
1. Register of the Consultations of the Ministers of Edin- burgh. Vol. 1. 1652-1657. Edited by the Rev. W. Stephen, B.D.
PUBLICATIONS 9
For the year 1920-1921.
2. Diary of George Ridpath, Minister of Stitchel, 1755-1761. Edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, C.V.O., LL.D.
For the year 1921-1922.
3. The Confessions of Babington and other Papers relating to the Last Days of Mary Queen of Scots. Edited by the Rev. J. H. Pollen, S.J.
For the year 1922-1923.
4. Foreign Correspondence with Marie de Lorraine, Queen of Scotland (Balcarres Papers), 1537-1548. Vol. i. Edited by Marguerite Wood, M.A.
5. Selection from the Papers of the late Sir William Fraser,
K.C.B. Edited by J. R. N. Macphail, K.C.
Presented to the Society by the Trustees of the late Sir William Fraser, K.C.B.
For the year 1923-1924.
6. Papers relating to the Ships and Voyages of the Company of Scotland trading to Africa and the Indies, 1696-1707. Edited by George P. Insh, D.Litt.
For the year 1924-1925.
7. Foreign Correspondence with Marie de Lorraine, Queen of Scotland (Balcarres Papers), 1548-1557. Vol. n. Edited by Marguerite Wood, M.A.
For the year 1925-1926.
8. The Early Records of the University of St. Andrews, 1413-
1579- Edited by J. Maitland Anderson, LL.D.
9. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. iv. Cordara's Commentary on the Expedition to Scotland made by Charles Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales. Edited bv Sir Bruce Seton, C.B. — The Craignish MS. Edited by Herbert Campbell. — Miscellaneous Charters, 1165-1300, from tran- scripts in the Collection of the late Sir William Fraser, K.C.B. Edited by William Angus.
For the year 1926-1927.
10. The Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine, 1543-
1560. Edited by Annie I. Cameron, M.A., Ph.D.
11. Journal of Thomas Cuningham, 1640-1654, Conservator at
Campvere. Edited by Elinor Joan Courthope, M.A.
10 PUBLICATIONS
For the year 1927-1928.
12. The Sheriff Court Book of Fife, 1515-1522. Edited by William Croft Dickinson. M.A., Ph.D.
15. The Prisoners of the '45 . Vol . i . Edited by Sir Bruce Seton,
Bart, of Abercorn, C.B., and Mrs. Jean Gordon Arnot.
For the year 1928-1929. 14, 15. The Prisoners of the '45. Vols. n. and in.
For the year 1929-1930.
16. Register of the Consultations of the Ministers of Edin- burgh. Vol. ii. 1657-1660. Edited by the Rev. W. Stephen, B.D.
17. The Minutes of the Justices of the Peace for Lanarkshire,
1707-1723. Edited by C. A. Malcolm, M.A., Ph.D.
(October 1931.)
For the year 1930-1931.
18. The Warrender Papers. Vol. i. 1301-1587. Edited by
Annie I. Cameron, M.A., Ph.D., with Introduction by Principal Robert S. Rait, C.B.E., LL.D.
For the year 1931-1932.
19. The Warrender Papers. Vol. n. 1587-1603. Edited by Annie I. Cameron, M.A., Ph.D., with Inti-oduction by Principal Robert S. Rait, C.B.E., LL.D.
20. Flodden Papers. Edited by Marguerite Wood, Ph.D.
For the year 1932-1933.
21. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. v. Fraser Charters. Edited by William Angus. — Bagimond's Roll for the Archdeaconry of Teviotdale. Edited by Annie I. Cameron. — Lauderdale Correspondence. Edited by Henry M. Paton. — Letters of Alexander Monro. Edited by William Kirk Dickson. — Jacobite Papers at Avignon. Edited by Henrietta Tayler. — Marchmont Corres- pondence relating to the '45. Edited by the Hon. G. F. C. Hepburne-Scott. — Autobiography of Earl Marischal Keith. Edited by J. Y. T. Greig.
22. Highland Papers. Vol. iv. Edited by J. R. N. Macphail. K.C.,
with Biographical Introduction by William K. Dickson. LL.D.
PUBLICATIONS 11
For the yea?' 1933-1934.
23. Calendar of Scottish Supplications to Rome, 1418-1422.
Edited by the Rev. and Hon. E. R. Lindsay, M.A., and Annie I. Cameron, M.A., D.Litt.
24. Early Correspondence of Robert Wodrow. Edited by
L. W. Sharp, M.A., Ph.D. (December 1937.)
For the year 1934-1935.
25. Warrender Letters. Correspondence of Sir George
Warrender, Lord Provost of Edinburgh, 1715. Edited by William K. Dickson, LL.D.
26. Commentary on the Rule of St. Augustine by Robertus
Richardinus. Edited bv G. G. Coulton, Litt.D., D.Lit., F.B.A.
For the year 1935-1936.
27. Survey of Lochtayside, 1769- Edited by Margaret M.
McArthur, M.A., LL.B.
28. Ayr Burgh Accounts, 1534-1624. Edited by G. S. Pryde,
M.A., Ph.D.
For the year 1936-1937.
29- Barony Court Book of Carnwath, 1523-1542. Edited by W. C. Dickinson, D.Lit.
30. Chronicle of Holyrood. Edited by Marjorie Ogilvie
Anderson, B.A., with some additional notes by Alan Orr Anderson, LL.D.
For the year 1937-1938.
31. The Jacobite Court at Rome, 1719- Edited by Henrietta
Tayler.
32. Inchcolm Charters. Edited by Rev. D. E. Easson,
B.D., Ph.D., and Angus Macdonald, M.A., Ph.D.
For the year 1938-1939.
33. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. vi.
Bagimond's Roll. Edited by Annie I. Dunlop, D.Litt. — Foundation-Charter of the Collegiate Church of Dunbar. Edited by D. E. Easson, Ph.D. — Letters from John, Second
12 PUBLICATIONS
Earl of Lauderdale, to John, Second Earl of Tweeddale, and Others. Edited by Henry M. Paton. — Memories of Ayrshire about 1780 by the Rev. John Mitchell, D.D. Edited by William Kirk Dickson.
34. Wariston's Diary. Vol. in. Edited by J. D. Ogilvie.
For the year 1939-1940.
35. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. vn.
Diary of Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden, 1657- 1659. Edited by H. W. Meikle, D.Litt. — The Exiled Stewarts in Italy. Edited by Helen C. Stewart. — The Locharkaig Treasure. Edited by Marion F. Hamilton.
In preparation.
1. Journals of Jacque de la Brosse, 1543-1560. Edited by
G. Dickinson.
2. Minutes of the Synod of Argyll, 1639-1661. Edited by
Duncan C. Mactavish.
3. Calendar of Letters of James hi. and James iv. Edited by
R. K. Hannay, LL.D.
4. Charters of the Abbey of Coupar-Angus. Edited by D. E.
Easson, Ph.D.
5. Monymusk Papers. Edited by Henry Hamilton, D.Litt.
6. Correspondence of James ii., King of Scots, with Charles vii.,
King of France. Edited by Annie I. Dunlop, D.Litt.