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OFFICIAL DONATION.
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BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS,
WASHINGTON, U. S. A.
SALVADOR.
BULLETIN NO. 58. 1892.
[Revised to March i, 1894. J
Royal Palm, San Salvador.
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LIST OF BUREAU PUBLICATIONS.
1. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. i.
2. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. 2. 50. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. 3.
7. Hand Book of Brazil. 9. Hand Book of Mexico.
31. Hand Book of Costa Rica.
32. Hand Book of Guatemala. Hand Book of Colombia. Hand Book of Venezuela. Hand Book of Nicaragua. Hand 13ook of Santo Domingo. Hand Book of Bolivia. Hand Book of Uruguay. Hand Book of Haiti.
67. Hand Book oi the Argentine Republic. S. Import Duties of Mexico.
8. Import Duties of Brazil.
10. Import Duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico.
11. Import Duties of Costa Rica.
12. Import Duties of Santo Domingo.
20. Import Duties of Nicaragua.
21. Import Duties of Mexico (revised).
22. Import Duties of Bolivia.
23. Import Duties of Salvador.
24. Import Duties of Honduras.
25. Import Duties of Ecuador. 27. Import Duties of Colombia.
36. Import Duties of Venezuela.
37. Import Duties of the British Colonies.
43. Import Duties of Guatemala.
44. Import Duties of the United States.
45. Import Duties of Peru.
46. Import Duties of Chile.
47. Import Duties of Uruguay.
48. Import Duties of the .\rgentine Republic.
49. Import Duties of Haiti.
13. Commercial Directory of Brazil.
14. Commercial Directory of Venezuela.
S- Commercial Directory of Colombia.
16. Commercial Directory of Peru.
17. Commercial Directory of Chile.
18. Commercial Directory of Mexico.
19. Commercial Directory of Bolivia, Ecuador,
Paraguay, and Uruguay. 26. Commercial Directory of the Argentine Re- public.
28. Commercial Directory of Central America.
29. Commercial Directory of Haiti and Santo Do-
mingo .
38. Commercial Directory of Cuba and Puerto
Rico.
39. Commercial Directory of European Colonies. Commercial Directory of Latin America.
42. Newspaper Directory of Latin America.
3. Patent and Trade-Mark Laws of America.
4. Money, Weights, and Measures of the Amer-
ican Republics. 6. Foreign Commerce of the American Republics.
30. First Annual Report, 1891. Second Annual Report, 1892.
35. Breadstuffs in Latin America.
40. Mines and Mining Laws of Latin America.
41. Commercial Information Concerning the Amer-
ican Republics and Colonies. 53. Immigration and Land Laws of Latin America. 63, How the Markets of Latin America may be reached. Manual de las Reptiblicas Americanas,i89i. Monthly Bulletin, October, 1893. Monthly Bulletin, November, 1893. Monthly Bulletin, December, 1893. Monthly Bulletin, January, 1894. Monthly Bulletin, February, 1894. Monthly Bulletin, March, 1894.
67. Hand Book of Argentine Republic.
68. Special Costa Rica Bulletin.
The abf ; list includes publications of the Bureau from its organization to April 15, 1894. No requests based upot the above ivill be noticed.
On the following page will be found a list of publications issued by the Bureau, of which a limited number remain for distribution.
Ill
SALE OF BUREAU PUBLICATIONS.
The following monthl)'^ bulletins have been published by the Bureau of the American Republics, viz : " Coffee in America," October, i8g3 ; " Coal and Petroleum in Colom- bia," etc., November, 1893; "Minerals and Resources of Northeastern Nicaragua," etc., December, 1893; " Finances of Chile," etc., Januar}', 1894; "Costa Rica at the World's Fair," etc., February, 1894; "Reciprocity Treaties and Trade," etc., March, 1894; "The Republic of Costa Rica," etc., April, 1B94; "Mexico: Treasury Receipts, Total Sources of Income for Fiscal Year 1894-95," etc., May, 1894; "Import Duties of Guatemala" (revised), June, 1894; "American Live Stock," etc., July, 1894.
With the Jul}' number will be commenced the second volume of these bulletins, and subscriptions for the year ending June 30, 1895, will be received at the rate of $1 per annum ; single copies, 10 cents each. Of the publications of the Bureau the following will be furnished to applicants upon receipt of the prices named in the list. Money may be sent b}' post-office money order, payable to-the Director of the Bureau of Ameri- can Republics. All other remittances are at the risk of the sender. Postage stamps will not be received.
PRICE LIST.
Cents.
Cents.
39
Patent and Trade-Mark Laws of America. Money, Weights, and Measures of the
American Republics
Foreign Commerce of the American Re-
pubhcs
Import Duties of Brazil
Import Duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico.
Import Duties of Costa Rica
Commercial Directory of Brazil
Commercial Directory of Venezuela
Commercial Directory of Colombia
Commercial Directory of Peru
Commercial Directory of Chile
Commercial Directory of Mexico
Commercial Directory of Bolivia, Ecua- dor, Paraguay, and Uruguay
Import Duties of Nicaragua
Import Duties of Mexico (revised)
Import Duties of Bolivia
Import Duties of Salvador
Import Duties of Honduras
Import Duties of Ecuador
Commercial Directory of the Argentine
Republic
Import Duties of Colombia
CommercialDirectoryof Central America Commercial Directory of Haiti and Santo
Domingo
First Annual Report of the Bureau, 1891 . .
Hand Book of Guatemala
Hand Book of Colombia
Hand Book of Venezuela
Import Duties of Venezuela
(Commercial Directory of Cuba and
Puerto Rico
Commercial Directory of British, Danish,
Dutch, and French Colonies
5 ; A'^- 43-
5 44- 45-
20 46.
10 1 47.
IS ' 48.
10 , 49.
5 SO-
S '
S SI-
s 52-
5 ! S3- IS
I 54-
5 I 55-
10 I S7-
IS ! S8.
20 I 61.
S ' 62.
10 ' 6^.
Newspaper Directory of Latin America
Import Duties of Guatemala
Import Duties of the Unit d States
Imjjort Duties of Peru
Import Duties of Chile
Import Duties of Uruguay
Import Duties of the Argentine Republic.
Import Duties of Haiti
Hand Book of the American Republics,
No. 3
Hand Book of Nicaragua ;
Hand Book of Santo Domingo ._.
Immigration and Land Laws of Lalm
America
Hand Bookof Paraguay
Hand Book of Bolivia
Hand Book of Honduras
Hand Book of Salvador
Hand Book of Uruguay 50
Hand Book of Haiti 50
How the Markets of Latin America may
be reached 40
Hand Book of Ecuador 50
Hand Book of the Argentine Republic. . . 50
Special Costa Rica Bulletin 25
Import Duties of Guatemala (revised) ... 25
PUBLICATIONS NOT NUMBERED.
Commercial Directory of Latin America. . , .
Second Annual Report of the Bureau, 1892..
Third Annual Report of the Bureau, 1893 . . .
Manual de las Repiiblicas Americanas, 1892.
Monthly Bulletins, $1 per annum ; single copies
Code of Commercial Nomenclature, first vol- ume, 852 pages
The " Code of Commercial Nomenclature," named in the above list, is the first vol- ume of the first edition of the work suggested by the International American Confer- ence. It contains 852 pages, and includes something over 28,000 commercial terms in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. This volume is bound in cloth, and is now ready for distribution. •
CONTENTS.
Chapter i. Historical outline
2. Geographical sketch
3. Political divisions and population
4. Constitution and form of government
5. Education, charitable institutions, and religion
6. Climate and seasons
7. Agriculture and forestry
8. Minerals and mining
9. Commerce
10. Money, banking, and revenue
11. Transportation, telegraphs, and mails
Appendix A. Constitution of Salvador
^ B. Law relating to aliens
C. Parcels post convention with United States
D. Reciprocal commercial arrangement with United States.
E. Import duties
F. Commercial directory
Newspaper directory
Index
Page.
I
5
9
28
30
34
38
47
51
64
70
75
100
108
114
117
156
166
167
ILLUSTRATIONS.
^ Page.
Map of Salvador Frontispiece.
Royal Palm, San Salvador lo
La Union 26
National Universit}^, San Salvador ■ 30
Sonsonate S3
San Salvador — General view^ from the Park 35
Coffee estate near San Salvador 38
Custom-house at Acajutla fo
VI
/ r\
Chapter I.
HISTORICAL OUTLINE.
The completion of the subjugation of Mexico left its conquerors free to turn their attention to the regions lying to the south, of which rumor had given such glowing descriptions. The reports of the beauty, fertility, and riches of these unknown lands rendered the allurements to further conquests irresistible, and to Pedro de Alva- rado was entrusted the task of their subjugation. Leaving the City of Mexico early in 1522 he swept southward like a tornado through the Provinces which now form l!he southern States of the Republic of Mexico. Tribe after tribe was conquered and their warriors paid with their blood the penalty of daring to defend their native land. Still marching southward, the country now called Guatemala was swept with fire and sword and compelled to submit to the Spanish yoke. In the summer of 1524, leaving ruin and desolation in its track, the victorious army passed across La Paz River into what is now called the Republic of Salvador. They were at first hospitably received by the natives, but, overcome by terror at the cruelties inflicted on them by the invaders, they sought refuge in flight and spread an alarm which resulted in des- perate resistance.
In a fierce battle at Acajutla, Alvarado received an arrow wound which rendered him lame for the remainder of his life, but he took such ample revenge that of all the great multitude of his opponents on that day not one was left alive. The result of a struggle between the mail-clad, well-armed Spanish veterans and the poorly equipped and half-naked native warriors could
2 SALVADOR.
have but one result, however it might be delayed by the bravery of the multitudes who sacrificed their lives in defense of their homes; but it was not until after a second campaign, in the year ] 525, that Cuscatlan, the capital, was finally captured and Salvador became a part ot the vice-regal kingdom of Guatemala. For nearly three hundred years it continued under the Spanish dominion, the natives wasting away and diminishing in the cruel slavery imposed on them, as they tilled the soil under the fierce tropical sun or toiled in the mines for the benefit of their ruthless taskmasters.
The first mutterings of the corning storm of revolution were heard in 1811, but it was not until 1821 that the successful termi- nation of the struggle for liberty in Mexico inspired the southern colonies to shake off the Spanish yoke. This was accomplished without bloodshed, and on the 15th of September, in that year, the territory comprised in the kingdom of Guatemala was declared free and independent. In the following year an attempt was made to annex the country to the Mexican Empire, under the rule of Iturbide. The Province of Salvador resisted, but finally had to submit to a Mexican force commanded by Gen. Filisola, and was incorporated in the Empire. The following year, however, wit- nessed the downfall of Iturbide, and a constitutional convention was called, which, in 1824, declared the foundation of a federal republic, called "The Central American Confederation," composed of the five States, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, and Gen. Manuel J. Arce was elected its first President.
This form of government proved impracticable; party jealousies and personal ambitions brought turmoil and strife, in spite of the efibrts of far-seeing patriots, who recognized the fact that in union alone lay the hope of peace, security, and prosperity for their country. For some years Gen. Francisco Mc5razan struggled to maintain order and to save the union, but in spite of all his efforts the federation was dissolved in 1839, and the five States became
v\
SALVADOR. O
sovereign and independent republics. Another efFort on the part of Morazan to reunite them resulted in his death. He was taken prisoner and shot at San Jose, Costa Rica, in September, 1842.
Since the death of Morazan the several republics have made many efforts to reestablish Central American nationality, but so far without success. The last attempt in this direction, made by Gen. Justo Rufino Barrios, President of Guatemala, in 1885, ended in disaster. On the 13th of August, 1886, the Constitution which is now in force was promulgated.
In accordance with this Constitution, Gen. Menendez was elected to the Presidency in 1887, by popular vote, for the term ending in 1890.
Upon his death. Gen. Carlos Ezeta was called to the Presidency. He was inaugurated on the 1st of March, 1891.
At the time in which this handbook goes to the press, Salvador is under a provisional government headed by Gen. Gutierrez as temporary President.
Chapter II.
GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
The Republic of Salvador is situated between 13° 12' and 14° 28' north latitude and 87° 37' and 90° 6' longitude west, of the meridian of Greenwich. It is the only one of the five Central American Republics not having a coast line on the Atlantic, and is bounded on the north by Honduras and Guatemala, on the east by Honduras and the Bay of Fonseca, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by Guatemala. It also possesses the small islands called Punta Zacate, Martin Perez, Mianguera, and Conchaguita, in the Bay of Fonseca. It is the smallest of the Central American Republics, having an area of only 7,255 square miles. Its frontage on the Pacific is 139- miles in length.
The physical aspect of Salvador is very varied but chiefly
mountainous. On its northern frontier, and near the boundary
line of Honduras, stretches the great mountain chain of the Sierra
Madre or Cordilleras, many of the peaks of which rise to a height
of from 7,000 to 8,000 feet above the level of the sea. This chain
of mountains, which is intersected by the valleys of the Lempa,
Sumpul, and Guarajambala, sends great spurs towards the center
of the Republic. From these mountains the land descends in
great undulations on the northwest to the shores of the river
Lempa, also to the north and northeast, until it rises again in that
direction forming secondary ridges. At a distance of about 15
miles from the coast and parallel to it runs the Coast Range of
mountains, which also throws out spurs of more or less importance
toward the interior on the one side and the sea on the other.
5
SALVADOR.
Like the Sierra Madre chain the Coast Range is not continuous but is intersected by the valleys of the Lempa and the Rio Grande of San Miguel at a short distance from where those rivers enter the ocean.
The greater part of the volcanoes of the Republic are situated either in the Coast Range or within a short distance from it. Their names and altitude above the sea level are as follov/s:
Feet.
San Vincente 7, 683
San Salvador 7, 370
Santa Ana 6, 615
San Miguel 6, 500
Usulutan 5, 400
Apaneca : 5, 350
Izalco 4, 973
Sociedad 4, 250
Chinameca 4, 200
Most of these are extinct, as will be noticed in the reference to them in the description of the departments in which they are situated.
Three-fourths of the broad space which lies between the two great mountain ranges is occupied by the valleys of the river Lempa and its tributaries, forming a most characteristic topographical feature of the country. The remaining eastern portion is com- posed of the valleys of the San Miguel, the Torola, and other small streams that flow into the Bay of Fonseca. The numerous small valleys which lie among the branches of the mountain ranges and the spurs and isolated hills are in general very broken in sur- face ; consequently the plains and level spaces are with few excep- tions of limited extension.
The principal and largest river of the Republic is the Lempa, which has its origin in the Republic of Guatemala, flows through the department of Copan, in Honduras, and enters the territory of Salvador in the northwestern part of the department of Chala- tenango.
It follows a very tortuous course towards the south and east, and for some distance forms the boundary between Salvador and the Honduranean department of Intibuca; then again turning to
SALVADOR.
7
the south it intersects the Coast Range of mountains and flows into the Pacific Ocean near the Bay of Jiquilisco.
The other principal rivers are La Paz, which for some distance forms the boundary line between Salvador and Guatemala; the Goascoran, which for the lower part of its course forms the bound- ary between Salvador and Honduras; the Rio Grande, and the Jiboa. There are also a great number of smaller rivers and streams tributary to these main water courses.
The principal lakes are those of Guija and Ilopango. There are also several smaller bodies of water which are chiefly of vol- canic origin. In January, 1880, Lake Ilopango was the scene of a very remarkable volcanic phenomenon, which was preceded by a severe earthquake in the surrounding country. The waters of the lake suddenly rose 4 feet above their usual level, and flow- ing into the bed of the Jilva, a stream which forms the usual out- let from the lake, increased it to the proportions of a broad and raging river, which soon made for itself a channel 30 to 35 feet in depth. A rapid subsidence in the level of the lake was thus produced, and by March 6 the surface was 34 feet below its maximum. Toward the center of the lake a stony island, 500 feet in diameter, rose to a height of 150 feet above the level of the lake, surrounded by several smaller islands, while the water adjacent to them became very hot.
As indicated by this event, and the two volcanoes that are still active and form the safety valves, the volcanic forces in Salvador have not yet spent themselves, although all indications show that they are far less active than in past ages. Earthquakes have been frequent, particularly in the neighborhood of the capital, which was wrecked by them in the years 1539, 1575, 1594^ 1^59' ^1^1^ 1719, 1793, 1815, 1839, 1854, and 1873. ^^ '^' ^^ ^^^^' ^° ^^^' ject to rockings and tremblings of the earth as to have acquired the name of the swinging hammock. The number of geysers and hot springs which exist in several of the departments are
8 SALVADOR.
also evidences of considerable volcanic heat yet existing beneath the surface. There can be no doubt, however, that the volcanic energy which in remote ages has had such a marked effect on the topography of the whole of the Pacific Coast of America is grad- ually dying out in Salvador, as it has done in other parts of the continent, and seismic disturbances subside and become less vio- lent in the same ratio.
In the Sierra Madre Range the primitive rocks predominate,' marking their ancient origin, but the Coast Range is entirely of plutonic material; the basalts, scoriae, and ashes are all volcanic.
The slopes of the mountains, the valleys, and tablelands are deeply covered with rich alluvial soils, formed by the detritus of the rocks and decomposed vegetable matter, which are of won- derful fertility.
Salvador has three ports, through which pass all the ocean com- merce of the Republic, La Union, La Libertad, and Acajutla. The two latter are little more than open roadsteads, where ships anchor a mile or two from the coast and freight and passengers are carried by launches, from which they are elevated by machin- ery to piers extending out some distance from the shore.
La Union is one of the best ports on the Pacific Coast of Cen- tral America. It is situated in the Bay of La Union, which is an indentation of the magnificent Gulf of Fonseca, from which it is entered by a narrow strait. It is a secure and landlocked harbor, with good anchorage, and large enough to accommodate an im- mense traffic. Whenever it is reached by a railroad it will without doubt become the principal port of the Republic.
Chapter III
POLITICAL DIVISIONS AND POPULATION.
The Republic of Salvador is divided into 14 departments. The following table shows the names of the departments, the number of districts into which they are subdivided, and their capital cities, with the population in 1892:
|
Departments. |
Capital cities. |
Population. |
Number of districts. |
|
|
Capitals. |
Depart- ments. |
|||
|
30, 000 II, 000 11, 000 12, 000 33, 000 6,000 8, 000 10, 000 11, 000 6, 500 6, 000 23, 000 3, 000 3, 000 |
63, 000 49, 000 41, 000 37, 000 80, 000 54. 000 62, 000 35, 000 40, 500 70, 000 42, 000 60, 000 35, 000 35, 000 |
3 |
||
|
"^ La Libertad |
New San Salvador Sonsonate Ahuachapan |
|||
|
'*^ Sonsonate |
||||
|
A Ahuachap^n |
||||
|
/^ Santa Ana |
Santa Ana |
3 2 |
||
|
•^ Chalatenango Cuscatlan |
Chalatenango |
|||
|
Cojutepeque |
||||
|
Cabanas |
Sensuntepeque |
|||
|
San Vincente |
San Vincente . . |
|||
|
La Paz |
Lacatecoluca |
2 |
||
|
Usulutan |
Usulutan |
2 |
||
|
San Miguel |
San Miguel |
2 |
||
|
Morazan |
Gotera |
3 |
||
|
La Union *. |
||||
|
Total |
703, 500 |
|||
The 14 departments contain 31 districts, 27 cities, 51 towns, 164 villages, and 215 hamlets. As in other parts of Central America, the upper classes are either of pure white blood or have a large admixture of it, but the indigenous race is still largely represented in the country. They are naturally docile and tracta- ble, and generally honest, orderly, and industrious. Salvador being smaller in size, more compact, and more densely populated than
9
lO SALVADOR.
some other parts of Central America, it has been easier for the Government to extend its paternal care over the mental improve- ment and material progress of the people, with admirable results, as the inhabitants of the cities have attained as high a degree of refinement as those of the United States, while the Indians, who form the majority of the agriculturists and laborers, are exhibiting marked signs of progress.
Spanish is the language of the country, although in some of the more secluded parts of the country, such as the Costa del Balsimo, or Balsam Coast, not only the old speech but many of the ancient usages still prevail.
Department of San Salvador.
Cities. — San Salvador and Tonacatepeque.
l^owns. — -Mejicanos, Apopa, Nejapa, Santo Tomas, and Pan- chiinalco.
The department of San Salvador is bounded on the north by the departments of Chalatenango and Cuscatlan, on the east by Cuscatlan and La Paz, on the south by La Libertad and La Paz, and on the west by La Libertad.
The surface of this department is rugged and picturesque. In the southern part it is crossed from east to west by the Coast Range of mountains; the center has many small valleys of great beauty and fertility, while in the north ranges of hills, bare of trees, give a mountainous appearance to the landscape. There are two volca- noes in this department — those of San Salvador, or Quezaltepeque, as it is called in the aboriginal language, and Ilopango, which is situated in the lake of the same name.
The department dates from 1821, being one of the original divisions created at that date, when the country was separated from Guatemala on gaining its independence. Its principal city, San Salvador, is the capital of the Republic. It is situated in the pleasant valley of Las Hamacas, on the river Acelhuate, in lati-
SALVADOR. 11
tude 13° 45' north, and 80° 8' longitude west of the meridian of Greenwich. It is 2,115 feet above the level of the sea. It was founded by Don Jorge de Alvarado, brother of the conqueror, Don Pedro, on the 4th of April, 1528, at a place a short distance from the present site, from which it was transferred to its present location in 1539- It was incorporated as a city in September, 1543. From 1834 to 1839 it was the capital of the Republic, a dignity which was in the latter year transferred to the city of San Vincente, but in 1840 it was definitely designated as the capital, and has since retained that distinction. Its streets are straight, well lighted, and nearly all paved.
All the offices of the Government departments are located in the city; also the supreme, civil, and military courts, and the ecclesiastical government. It has also an academy of science and belles-lettres, a chamber of commerce, a national library, an astro- nomical observatory, a museum, and botanical garden. Among its principal public buildings are the national palace, the 'executive mansion, the municipal building, the national theater, the cathe- dral, the university, the national institute, the artillery barracks, the hospital, the palace of justice, the orphan asylum, the poly- technic school, and ladies' normal college. It has also a handsome market, which is a private enterprise. It has two handsome public parks and several plazas or squares, in one of which, called Mora- zan, is a handsome monument of marble and bronze dedicated to him as the last President of United Central America.
The city has a well-organized police force, an abundant supply of excellent water, and in many respects will compare favorably with the cities of the United States or Europe. It has good hotels, cafes, and restaurants, where entertainment can be had at moderate prices. The suburbs and surroundings of the city are very pleasant, containing large numbers of private houses, with shrubbery, trees, and gardens. There is a magnificent establish- ment containing natural baths of various degrees of temperature.
12 SALVADOR.
The city has considerable commerce. It has three banks and a number ot mercantile and agency firms. Manufacturing is carried on to a considerable extent. In the city and suburbs there are establishments for the production of candles and soap, cigars, matches, ice, bricks of artificial stone, distilleries, saw and flour mills, sugar refineries, and mills for cleaning rice apd coffee. A great deal of weaving is also done on hand looms, the products being shawls and scarfs of silk, flax, and cotton, and cotton cloth.
The city has suffered very much from earthquakes, which have frequently nearly reduced it to ruins, but on each occasion the perseverance and patriotism of its citizens have resulted in a recon- struction of its edifices in better and more substantial style. Profit- ing by these experiences the buildings have been built in a manner to render them almost earthquake proof, and recent earthquakes have proved much less disastrous than those of former days.
The city of San Salvador has for some years been connected with the city of New San Salvador, or Santa Tecla, by a horse railroad lo miles in length, which is now being converted into a locomotive road, by whom it was purchased from the company which constructed it. It will be connected with the railroad to the port of Acajutla, which is now being built towards Santa Tecla.
Outside of the cities the inhabitants of the department are prin- cipally engaged in agriculture, producing coffee, sugar, tobacco, rice, corn, and beans.
Department of La Libertad.
Cities. — New San Salvador (Santa Tecla) and Opico.
T^owns. — La Libertad, Teotepeque, and Quezaltepeque.
The department of La Libertad is b4)unded on the north by the department of Chalatenango, on the east by San Salvador and La Paz, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the departments of Sonsonate and Santa Ana. The central part of its territory is very mountainous, being crossed from east to west
SALVADOR.
13
by the Coast Range of mountains and the system of the volcano of Quezaltepeque ; the surface of the southern portion is broken by a great number of spurs extending from the mountain ranges to the ocean. To the west of the volcano exists the extensive basin of Sapopitau. The northern portion is crossed by high ridges between which extend extensive plains.
The volcano of Quezaltepeque, known also as the volcano of San Salvador, is extinct. It is 7,370 feet in height above the sea level ; the upper part forms a cone occupied by a crater between 7 and 8 miles in circumference and 1,100 feet deep, at the bottom of tvhich is a small lake. The western part of the department is known as the Balsam Coast. The department was created in February, 1865, from a part of the territory of the ancient depart- ment of San Salvador. The valleys and plains are very fertile, producing rich harvests of coffee, sugar, indigo, rice, timber, and corn; also the balsam, a product which is peculiar to Salvador. It has within its boundaries several large sugar refineries and distil- leries, also many sawmills and mills for cleaning coffee. Its com- merce is considerable through its port of La Libertad, which is one of the most important in the Republic, especially during the coffee season.
The capital city, Santa Tecla, or New San Salvador, is pleas- antly situated in a picturesque valley at the foot of the volcano of San Salvador, at an elevation of 2,643 ^^^^ above the sea level, and 10 miles to the southeast of the capital of the Republic and 20 miles from the port of La Libertad. This city was founded by a decree dated 8th of August, 1854, for the purpose of remov- ing to it the capital of the Republic, the city of San Salvador having been ruined by an earthquake in that year; hence the name of New San Salvador. The old capital was, however, rebuilt, and the change in the seat of government was not made. Its streets are wide and well laid out, and it has many handsome private residences, a large and handsome park, and several fine
H
SALVADOR.
drives in the pleasant suburbs. Its principal public buildings are the hospital, town hall, Government offices, and two handsome churches. It h.as about 1 1,000 inhabitants, and is connected by a horse railroad with the city of San Salvador.
Department of Sonsonate.
Cities. — Sonsonate and Izalco.
T^owns. — Nahu izalco, El Progreso, and Armenia.
The department of Sonsonate is bounded on the north by the department of Santa Ana, on the east by that of La Libertad, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the depart- ment of Ahuachapan. The northern part' of its surface is very mountainous and relatively level on the south on the coast, from whence the land rises in great undulating terraces, which attain their greatest elevation in the mountain ranges.
In this department is situated the volcano ot Izalco, which is the most active in Central America, and is of comparatively recent formation. Previous to February, 1770, it had no existence, but in that month a series of earthquakes took place, followed by a tremendous volcanic eruption. A large crater was formed, from which issued torrents of lava, rocks, and ashes in vast quantities, resulting in the formation of a cone, which is now 4,973 feet in height. It is still quite active, and from the light it gives, being visible at sea, it is known by sailors as the Salvadorean light-house. There are three other volcanoes in this department, but they are all extinct.
The seacoast is generally low and marshy, with groves of man- groves growing down into the sea. This is also known as the Balsam Coast, from the large number of trees existing from which this article is obtained. Its principal port is Acajutla, which has a good iron pier, erected in 1870, and is connected by railroad with the city of Sonsonate. This department was created by decree in February, 1855. Its principal agricultural productions
SALVADOR.
15
are coffee, sugar, cocoanuts, cacao, balsam, tobacco, cereals of various kinds, fruit, and a great variety of cabinet and other woods. It enjoys a large commerce, both export and import, and its manu- factures are active, having many establishments for the manufacture of sugar, cigars, cotton cloth, pottery, mats and baskets, and several distilleries and salt works. The capital city, Sonsonate, is situated on the bank of the river Sensunapan, about 50 miles west of the capital of the Republic. Its streets are wide, rectilinear, and paved. It has a handsome city hall, a hospital, several churches, and a commodious railroad station; its dwellings are well built, and it is surrounded by pleasant suburbs. It has a population of about 1 1,000 inhabitants.
Department of Ahuachapan-.
Qties. — Ahuachapan and Antiquizaya. '
The department of Ahuachapan is bounded on the north and west by the Republic of Guatemala, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the departments of Santa Ana and Sonsonate. The northern part of its surface is very rugged and its center mountainous, but it has level plains north of the Coast Range of mountains, which cross it from east to west. There are several volcanoes in this department and it is celebrated for its hot springs and sulphur baths. It was created in February, 1869, by the separation of a part of territory of the departments of Santa Ana and Sonsonate. The beautiful valley of Chalchuapa, which lies to the north of. the Coast Range, is famous for its great fertility.
Agriculture is in a very satisfactory condition in this department, and large crops are produced of coffee, sugar, tobacco, cotton, cereals, and fine fruits and vegetables. It also enjoys a large commerce, exporting coffee and sugar through the port of Acajutla and sending large quantities of sugar and cereals to other parts of the Republic. It imports considerable quantities of foreign merchandise by sea, woolen goods and mercury from Guatemala, and cattle and mules from Honduras.
1 6 SALVADOR.
The city of Ahuachapan, its capital, is situated in a picturesque valley at the fbot of the volcano of La Lagunita, on the right bank of the river Ahuachapan, at an elevation of 2,609 feet above the sea level, and 72 miles to the west of the capital of the Re- public. Its streets are straight and the larger number of them are paved, that called the Riego being the handsomest in the city. Among its public buildings are the city hall, Government offices, hospital, a large church, several schoolhouses, and several fine bath houses. It has about 12,000 inhabitants.
Department of Santa Ana.
Cities. — Santa Ana, Chalchuapa, and Metapan.
l!owns. — Texistepeque and Coatepeque.
The department of Santa Ana is bounded on the north by the Republics of Guatemala and Honduras, on the east by the depart- ments of Chalatenango and La Libertad, on the south by that of Sonsonate, and on the west by Guatemala and the department of Ahuachapan.
This department has two extensive mountain ranges, one in the north and the other crossing its central portion from east to west. There are two volcanoes, Santa Ana and Mala Cara, the first named the most active. There are also three extinct vol- canoes, Masatepeque, San Diego, and La Isla. The greater part of the department consists of two extensive and picturesque valleys ; the northern valley watered by the river Lempa and its affluents and the southern by the Chalchuapa and the Suquiapa.
The department was created in February, 1855. Before 1821 it formed part of the ancient Province of Sonsonate. Until 1869 it comprised the districts of Ahuachapan and Antiquizaya, which in that year were separated from it to form^ the present depart-* ment of Ahuachapan.
It is a rich agricultural country, producing a large amount of coffee, as well as sugar, indigo, tobacco, and various kinds of grain.
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•
It has a very active commerce, exporting large qyantities of coffee and importing European and American manufactures. It has also manufactories for the production of starch from the yucca plant, confectionery, cigars, and potteries, sugar works, and distill- eries. Altogether, it is one of the most prosperous parts of the Republic.
Its principal city, Santa Ana, is situated in a beautiful valley, surrounded by hills, on the left bank of a small stream, at an elevation of 2,093 ^^^^ above the level of the sea, and 50 miles northeast of the capital of the Republic. It is a handsome city, with wide and well-paved streets. It is well supplied with water and has pleasant drives and good public baths. Among its public edifices are the municipal building, hospital, military barracks and headquarters, a public market, and several handsome churches. It is the largest city in the Republic, having a population of 33,000.
Department of Chalatenango.
City. — Chalatenango.
liowns. — Tejutla, San Ignacio, San Francisco, Morazan, San Rafael, and Citala,
The department of Chalatenango is bounded on the north by the Republic of Honduras, on the east by the same Republic and the department of Cabaiias, on the south by the departments of Cabanas, Cuscatlan, San Salvador, and La Libertad, and on the west by that of Santa Ana. Its surface is very varied and, with the exception of the valleys of the river Lempa and its tributary streams, very mountainous, especially in the north and northeastern part of its territory. At least two-thirds of it are occupied with lofty ranges and the spurs running from them.
The principal agricultural products are indigo, corn, wheat, rice, and beans. There are several distilleries and manufactories of starch, turpentine, cheese, earthenware, and candles of vegetable Bull. 58 2
l8 SALVADOR.
wax, a substance .which is obtained by boiling the fruit of a shrub which grows wild. The larger part of the commerce of this department is transacted at the annual fair ot Chalatenango, which is famous throughout Central America. It is attended by merchants from all parts of this and the adjoining republics, and extensive transactions take place in indigo, cattle, and native and foreign manufactures.
The chief city, Chalatenango, is situated to the southeast of the mountain of La Pena, on the rivers Tamulasca and Colco, at an elevation of i ,660 feet above the sea level, and 45 miles northeast of the capital of the Republic. It was originally a native town, and the first white people among its inhabitants were sent there by the Spanish governor of the territory in 1791- The principal occupations of its citizens are agriculture and cattle dealing. It has a population of 6,000.
Department of Cuscatlan.
Cities. — Cojutepeque and Suchitoto.
T'oivns. — San Pedro Perulapan, Tenancingo, San Rafael, and Guyabal.
The department of Cuscatlan is bounded on the north by the departments of Chalatenango and Cabafias, on the east by the same and that of San Vincente, on the south by those of San Vincente and La Paz, and on the west by that of San Salvador. Its surface is very mountainous and broken, the greater part of its territory being covered by lofty ranges, separated by narrow valleys. Towards the north and northeast it is comparatively level in the valleys traversed by the rivers Lempa and Cuezalapa. It was created in May, 1835. It then comprised the territory which now forms the department of Chalatenango, which was separated from it in 1855. In 1875 it also contributed a portion of its territory towards the formation of the department of Cabanas. It has two extinct volcanoes, Cojutepeque and Guazapa. It is
SALVADOR.
almost entirely an agricultural district, produci^ig coffee, sugar, indigo, rice, tobacco, cheese, starch, and cereals. Its principal commerce is transacted at the feast of St. John, in Cojutepeque, on the 29th of August, and that of the Concepcion, held at Suchi- toto on the 8th of December in each year. At these times there is a gathering of merchants and dealers from all parts of the country, and extensive transactions are made in cattle, cheese, indigo, and other native products, and in foreign merchandise.
Cojutepeque, the principal city, is situated nearly at the summit and to the north of the peak of the volcano of Cojutepeque, at an elevation of 2,614 ^^^^ above the sea level. It is a very old town, having been classed as a town in 1756 and as a city in 1846. Its streets are narrow and crooked, but its suburbs are beautiful and from the elevated location command fine panoramas of the sur- rounding country. Among its public buildings are a town hall, hospital, public schoolhouse, and four churches. It has also good public baths. It has a population of 8,000, most of whom are employed in agricultural pursuits.
Department of Cabanas.
Cities. — Sensuntepeque and Ilobasco.
'^aivns. — Victoria, Dolores, San Isidro, Jutiapa, and Tejutepeque.
The department of Cabanas is bounded on the north and north- east by the Republic of Honduras, on the east by the department of San Miguel, on the south by those of San Vincente and Cus- catlan, and on the west by that of Cuscatlan. This is essentially a mountain district. It is crossed in various directions by high ranges and chains of mountains, which give it a wild and desolate appearance, particularly toward the north and east. It has, however, some very fertile valleys, which produce indigo, rice, corn, and other grains. Its principal industrial establishments are for the manu- facture of earthenware, cheese, lime, and several distilleries. It has considerable commerce, which reaches great proportions at the fair
20 SALVADOR.
of Santa Barbara, which is held at Sensuntepeque on the 4th of December of each year.
Its chief city, Sensuntepeque, is situated on the southern slope of the mountain of Pel on, at an elevation of 2,316 feet above the se'a and 57 miles east-northeast from the capital of the Republic. It is a very picturesque city, has a handsome park, fine public baths, and enjoys a beautiful climate. Among its public buildings are a fine town hall, two churches, several school buildings, and a prison which is considered the most secure in the Republic. It has a population of 10,000. The principal industry is the growth and preparation of indigo.
Department of San Vincente.
City. — San Vincente.
T'o'wns. — Apastepeque, Tecoluca, Guadalupe, Verapaz, Tepeti- tan, San Sebastian, Santo Domingo, San Esteban, San Lorenzo, and Santa Clara.
The department of San Vincente is bounded on the north by the department of Cabanas, on the east by those of San Miguel and Usulutan, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the departments of La Paz and Cuscatlan. It is mountainous in the north and central portions, but level in the south toward the ocean. It has two extinct volcanoes, Chicontepec and Sigua- tepeque — the former is the highest volcanic mountain in the Republic, its summit being 8,661 feet above the sea level. It is notable for several geysers that exist on the northeastern slope of the mountain, which emit great volumes of steam, accompanied with great noise that can be heard at a distance of more than 2 miles. There are also a number of hot springs in various parts of the department. It was created a departmental division of the Republic in 1836, embracing the territory which, under the same name, formed one of the territorial divisions of the country under Spanish rule, and the eastern portion of the department of Cabanas.
SALVADOR. 2 1
The principal agricultural products are indigo, sugar, coffee, tobacco, timber, cereals of all kinds, and fine fruits. It has manu- factories of silk shawls, shoes, hats, salt, starch, and cigars, and several distilleries. It has considerable commerce, principally transacted during the fair of All Saints, which is held annually on the 1st of November, when large quantities of merchandise are bought and sold, consisting principally of indigo, cheese, cattle, grain, and foreign goods.
The chief city, San Vincente, is situated on the right bank of the river Acahuapa, at an elevation of 1,683 ^^^^ above the level of the sea and 45 miles to the eastward of the capital of the Republic. It is a very ancient city, having been founded in 1634. It was ranked as a town in 1658 and classed as a city in 1812. It was the capital of the country from 1834 until 1839. Its streets are generally straight and well paved; its suburbs are pleasant and well supplied with shrubbery and trees ; it has also many good public baths. Among its public buildings are a handsome town hall, a hospital, five churches, and twelve public schools. It has 11,000 inhabitants.
Department of La Paz.
City. — rZacatecoluca.
T^owns. — Santiago Nonualco, San Pedro Nonualco, Olocuilta, and San Pedro Mazahuat.
The department of La Paz is bounded on the north by the departments of Cuscatlan and San Vincente, on the east by the last named, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the departments of San Salvador and La Libertad. The northern part of its territory is mountainous, being crossed from east to west by the Coast Range, from the summits of which the surface descends gradually, forming great terraces, until within about 9 miles from the sea it becomes flat and forms a plain which is generally inun- dated in the rainy season, and is covered by dense forests abound-
22 SALVADOR.
ing in India rubber, dye, and cabinet woods, and other useful timber. The flooding of these lowlands in the wet season and the evaporation during the hot weather of the dry season render this region unhealthy for several months in the year, giving rise to malarial fevers.
The principal agricultural products of this department are coffee, sugar, indigo, tobacco, cereals, and fruit. It has few man- ufactories, its industrial products being confined to cotton cloth, palm-leaf hats, and mats. The manufacture of salt in the low- lands subject to overflow by the sea, is the most active industry of this region. Its commerce is not large, and consists principally of transactions in salt, grain, coffee, and foreign merchandise.
Zacatecoluca, the chief city, is on the right bank of the river Sapuyo, at an elevation of 410 feet above the sea, and 30 miles to the southeast of the capital of the Republic. It is an old place, and was raised to the rank of a town in 1825 and to a city in 1838. Its principal public buildings are a town hall, hospital, church, and several schoolhouses. In the plaza is a beautiful public fountain; it has also good public baths and a handsome park. Its population is 6,500, who are principally employed in the cultiva- tion of coffee and in the salt industry.
Department of Usulutan.
Cities. — Usulutan, Jucuapa, and Alegria.
T'owns. — Santa Elena and Jiquilisco.
The department of Usulutan is bounded on the north and east by the department of San Miguel, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the department of San Vincente.
The central part of this department is mountainous, being crossed by a lofty range, north of which the country is relatively level, but somewhat broken. In the south it is low, and toward the coast even swampy during the rainy season. It has within its territory three extinct volcanoes, Usulutan, Jucuapa, and Tabu-
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23
reto. The two last named have small lakes of sulphurous water in their ancient craters. In a dry ravine, extending from the southeast of the village of Tecapa toward the river Lempa, are a number of geysers which emit columns of sulphurous vapors and dense smoke. The largest of these is called El Tronador (The Thunderer), which has formed a small crater, from which is thrown out a heavy column of steam, saturated with sulphureted hydro- gen and other gases, with a noise which can be heard for a great distance, from which it derives its name.
This department was created in 1865, having been segregated from the territory of that of San Miguel. Its principal agricul- tural products are rice, tobacco, indigo, cotfee, coarse brown sugar, timber, and a great variety of fruits. The principal industrial products are salt, starch from the yucca, lime, and cheese of good quality. There are also several distilleries. Its principal com- merce is in salt, with which it supplies the various northern departments.
Usulutan, the chief city, is situated on the right bank of a stream called Juano, at an elevation of 420 feet above the sea level, and 95 miles southeast from the capital of the Republic. It is a pleasant and picturesque town. In the latter part of the seventeenth century it was the residence of the authorities of the ancient Province of San Miguel. It was classed as a town in 1827, and in i860 it was raised to the rank of a city. Among its principal public edifices are a town hall, a schoolhouse, and a building occupied by an institute of higher education, a large church, and a prison. It has a population of 6,000, who are principally employed in agriculture and the manufacture of salt.
Department of San Miguel.
Cities. — San Miguel and Chinameca.
Towns. — Uluazapa, Moncagua, Chapeltique, Cacaguatlque, and Sesori.
24 SALVADOR.
The department of San Miguel is bounded on the north by the Republic of Honduras and the department of Morazan, on the east by the latter department and that of La Union, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the departments of Usulutan and Cabanas. The greater part of its surface is mountainous, although it has a portion comparatively level to the north of the boundary of Usulutan and in the neighborhood of the Rio Grande. Its seashores differ from those of the other mari- time departments, as they are rocky and inaccessible and traversed by mountainous spurs and ridges. There are in this department two inactive volcanoes, San Miguel and Chinameca. Although neither of these have been recently in eruption, the former gives evidence, by frequent emissions of smoke and steam, that it may at any day resume its activity. There are a number of valleys among the mountains which are famed for their fertility; also a number of hot and medicinal springs.
The principal agricultural products are indigo, sugar, coffee, timber for building, and cabinet woods, grain, and a variety of fruits, x^mong its manufactures are saddlery, shoes, articles of tortoise shell, pickles, lime, cheese, and rum. It has considerable commerce, a large amount of which is transacted at the fair of La Paz, which is held annually on the 2ist of November in the city of San Miguel, which is largely attended by merchants of the various Central and South American countries. The principal commodities dealt in are indigo, cattle, cheese, and a great variety of foreign merchandise.
The principal city, San Miguel, is situated northeastward from the volcano of San Miguel and about three-quarters of a mile from the right bank of the Rio Grande, at an elevation of 360 feet above the sea level, and 107 miles east of the capital of the Republic. It is an important and handsome city, with broad, straight, and well-paved streets, and well-built and fine houses. It does not, however, bear a good reputation from a sanitary point
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25
of view, as it suffers from malarial exhalations arising from the marshes which exist to the southeast of the city. In its neighborhood are the remains of an ancient aboriginal city, the foundations of which can be traced over a large area. San Miguel was founded by the Spaniards in 1530, and was ranked as a city in 1586. Among its important public edifices are a fine municipal building, the law courts, hospital, market. Government revenue offices and post-office, and several handsome churches. It has 23,000 inhabitants, who are principally occupied in the cultivation of indigo and cereals, the breeding of cattle and hogs, and in foreign commerce.
Department of Morazan.
City. — Gotera.
T(?'(x;/zj'.^Sociedad, San Carlos, Jocoro, Osicala, and El Rosario.
The department of Morazan is bounded on the north by the Republic of Honduras, on the east by the Department of La Union, on the south by La Union and San Miguel, and on the west by the latter. The surface of this department is moun- tainous in the northern part, where it is crossed from east to west by a chain of mountains. In the south and toward the Hondu- ranean frontier it is level, forming the plains occupied by the trib- utaries of the river Tocola and the Rio Grande. There are also many fertile valleys among the mountains. This department was created in 1875, from territory formerly belonging to San Miguel. Until 1887 ^^ ^^^ known by the name of Gotera, but in that year the name was changed to Morazan by decree of Congress, in memory of the last President of the Central American Federation. It has within its territory some rich mineral districts, in which there are many silver mines in active operation.
The principal agricultural products are indigo, sugar, rice, corn, and a great variety of fruits. Among its industries are the manu- facture of cordage, mats, hats, lime, and earthenware of good
26 SALVADOR.
quality. It enjoys an active commerce, which is largely due to the number of mining establishments.
The principal city, Gotera, is situated on the left bank ot the Rio Grande, at an elevation of 2,1 19 feet above the sea level, and 137 miles east of the capital of the Republic. It is a small place, but of very picturesque appearance. Its principal public buildings are the town hall and Government building. It has a population of 3,000, who are principally employed in silver mining and agri- culture.
Department of La Union.
Cities. — La Union, San Alejo, Santa Rosa.
'T'ozvns. — Pasaquina, Sauce, Anamoros, Nueva Esparta, Concep- cion de Oriente.
The department of La Union is bounded on the north by the Republic of Honduras, on the east by that Republic and the Bay of Fonseca, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the departments of San Miguel and Morazan. The western part of its territory is mountainous; the northern portion, although rugged, has many extensive plains and valleys noted for their fer- tility. The coast is low and swampy in the rainy season from the Honduras boundary, at the mouth of the Guascoran River, to the port of La Union; the remainder of its coast line, although some- what low, is dry and in places rugged. On the peninsula which separates the Bay of Fonseca from the Pacific Ocean is the great volcano of Conchagua, rising to a height of 7,000 feet above the sea level, and about 20 miles in circumference at its base. It was in eruption in February, 1868, but since that time it has been dormant.
This department was created in 1865 by separation from the territory of the department of San Miguel. It is a rich mineral region and has a large number of mines in active operation. Agri- culture is also prosperous, and large quantities of indigo, corn, rice.
SALVADOR. 27
and a variety of fruits are produced; also timber and dyewoods. Among its industrial products are lime, palm-leaf hats and mats, soap, articles of tortoise shell, cheese, hides, candles, dried fish, and oysters. Through the port of La Union there is an active busi- ness both in exports and imports, and commerce is active through- out the department.
The principal city, La Union, is also one of the chief ports of the Republic. It is situated on the shore of the Bay of Fonseca, 1/]/] miles east-southeast from the capital of the Republic. It is not a large town, but it is well built and enjoys a large commerce. Its principal public buildings are a good town hall, a modern church, custom-house and warehouses, and several schoolhouses. It has a population of 3,000, who are chiefly occupied in com- merce and agriculture.
Chapter IV.
CONSTITUTION AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT.
Salvador is a free, sovereign, and independent Republic, and its government is democratic, alternative, and representative. It delegates its sovereign powers to the authorities established by the Constitution promulgated on the 13th of August, 1886, namely: The legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative is exer- cised by a Congress of Deputies elected by the people, three from each department, which meets in ordinary session every year and in extra session whenever the Executive, in council with his min- isters, may deem it necessary. The executive power is exercised bv a citizen who bears the title of President of the Republic, with the ministers at the head of the respective departments, four in number, and are designated as follows : Minister of Foreign Affairs, Justice, and Religion; Minister of the Treasury, Public Credit, War, and Marine; Minister of the Interior and Government; Minister of Public Works, Instruction, and Charities.
The President is elected by direct vote of the people for a term of four years. He is also commander in chief of the army. In case of a failure to elect, he is chosen by a majority of votes in the Congress from the three candidates having the largest number of votes in the popular election. He is not eligible to re-election either as President or Vice-President until after the lapse of four years. He is inaugurated on the 1st of March following his election.
The judicial power is exercised by a supreme court, which
28
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holds its sittings in the city of San Salvador. Two district courts are also held in that city and district courts in the cities of Santa Ana, San Miguel, and Cojutepeque. There are also several cir- cuit judges and justices of the peace in their respective districts.
The government of each department is in charge of a governor, who is also commandant of the military in his section, and is appointed by the Executive. The different municipalities are governed by their own officers elected directly by the people. These consist of an alcalde, a syndic, and two or more regidores or aldermen, according to the population.
As the Constitution is a voluminous document, containing many items of interest, a full translation of it is given in the Appendix ; also of a law passed in September, 1886, amplifying and explain- ing the constitutional provisions relating to foreigners.
Chapter V.
' EDUCATION, CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, AND RELIGION.
For some years past the Government of Salvador has made great efforts to improve and develop the educational facilities of the country. In his message to Congress, delivered February 2o, 1893, President Ezeta said:
Profoundly convinced of the beneficial influence which education and instruc- tion exercises on all social classes, I have continued during the past year to extend to this important branch the most decided protection.
The large number of educational establishments sustained in greater part by the State has rendered necessary the investment of large sums in the salaries of professors and in the purchase of supplies and text-books. Knowing the diffi- culties under which authors labor in a young country like ours, I have ordered the printing at the public expense of various important works produced by some of the best talent of the country. Some of them unite intrinsic merit with fitness for use as text-books in our educational establishments.
Education in Salvador is divided into three classes, primary, secondary, and superior or professional. According to the pro- visions of the Constitution primary education is nonclerical, gra- tuitous, and obligatory. Secondary comprises preparatory studies for a university course and education for commercial life, land surveying, and for teachers.
Professional education in the National University comprises law, medicine and surgery, civil engineering, and pharmacy. At the date of the last report, in 1893, there existed in the Republic 585 primary schools, including those for boys and girls. The average daily attendance of pupils amounted to 29,427. There is also in the city of San Salvador a kindergarten, sustained by private means, which was founded by Senorita Augustina Charvin. 30
SALVADOR. 31
For secondary education there are three official institutes sup- ported by the Government, the Western, the Central, and the Eastern. The Central, which is located at the capital, has a museum, a cabinet of physical science, and a meteorological observatory. In the capital the Government also sustains a ladies' normal college, the polytechnic school, and a normal school for young men.
There are also in different parts of the country the following private colleges for secondary education : At the capital, the Sal- vadorean Lyceum, with 125 pupils; Santa Teresa College for girls, and a theological seminary. At New San Salvador there are two colleges for males, San Luis and The Sacred Heart, and one for girls, called Santa Teresa. At Lacatecoluca, capital of the depart- ment of La Paz, there is one; another in San Vincente; one in Sonsonate; one in Usulutan, called the National Institute, and one called La Concordia in Ahuachapan.
Higher or professional education is regulated by a law passed February 15, 1886. The government of the university is exer- cised by a board called "Superior Council of Public Instruction." The rector of the university is the chief of the establishment. The faculties are pharmacy and natural science, medicine and surgery, jurisprudence, and civil engineering. The curriculum necessary for graduation is, in pharmacy and natural science, three years; medicine and surgery, six years; jurisprudence, seven years; topographical engineering, three years; and in the departments of architecture, mechanical engineering, and bridges and roads, four years. There is a good public library and free reading room, which occupies commodious apartments in the building of the National University. "
There has lately been established at the capital a national college for the higher education of women.
The amount appropriated by the Government for public educa- tion during the year 1892 was $308,382.50.
32 SALVADOR.
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS.
The charitable and benevolent institutions of Salvador are under the direct charge of the Government, and are controlled and regu- lated by the Minister of Education, Public Works and Benevo- lence.
Standing in the front rank among these institutions are the hospitals, which are established in the cities of San Salvador, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Ahuachapan, Nueva San Salvador, Zacatecoluca, San Vincente, San Miguel, Alegria, Chalatenango, and La Union, which are all well organized and equipped. The hospital in the city of San Salvador in particular is an honor to the country and the Government as an admirably equipped institution with an excellent medical staff and the nursing and household arrange ments in charge of the Sisters of Charity. During the year 1892 3,196 patients were treated, of whom 2,791 were discharged cured, 201 died, and 224 remained under treatment at the end of the year; the expenses amounted to $80,101.72. During the year 1891, 7,560 patients were cared for in all the hospitals of the Republic, of whom 598 died, or about 8 per cent. The total expenses amounted to $156,054.05. '
A new and magnificent hospital building is being erected in the city of San Salvador which will bear the name of the Rosales Hospital, in memory of the late Don Jose Rosales, who bequeathed the munificent sum of between three and four millions of pesos (dollars) for this purpose. Iron is the principal material used in its construction which is manufactured in Belgium.
There is in the city of San Salvador an excellent asylum and school for orphans of bo^h sexes, where they not only receive a good primary education, but the boys are taught carpentry, shoe- making, and other trades, and the girls the occupations adapted to their sex; there are also classes in music and electric telegraphy. The institution is admirably managed by the Sisters of Charity.
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33
There is also in the city an asylum for the aged poor, which is supported by the Government. An asylum for orphans has also recently been established in the city of Sonsonate.
The latest report states that the amount expended by the Gov- ernment for the support of benevolent inbtitutions during the year, in addition to sums contributed by charitable individuals, was $190,000.
RELIGION.
As a natural consequence ot its long ascendency during the Spanish rule, the prevailing religion in Salvador is the Roman Catholic, and previous to the liberal revolution in 1871 no other was tolerated. The consequence of that movement was the proc- lamation of religious freedom, the removal of the cemeteries from clerical government, legalizing civil marriage, making education nonclerical, and the abolition of monastic institutions. All these changes are embodied in the Constitution promulgated on the 13th of August, 1886, and under which the country is now governed, which guaranties the free exercise of all religions without other limitation than the preservation of morality and public order. The diocese of San Salvador was created in the year 1842; the fourth bishop, who is now in charge, is Dr. Don Adolfo Perez y Aguilar.
Bull. 58 3
Chapter VI.
CLIMATE AND SEASONS.
The lowlands of Salvador are generally hot, as must be expected in a tropical country, but the high' table-lands and mountain slopes of the interior are comparatively temperate and cool and enjoy a delightful and healthy climate. There are only two seasons, the wet, called by the natives winter, and the dry, called summer; the former commences in May and continues until October, and the dry season from November until April. The heaviest rains occur in July and August, in which months strong winds precede the rain, which finally falls in torrents, frequently accompanied by heavy thunder and continued electrical discharges. During the rainy season there are two short interval^ when no rain falls and ' the skies are bright and serene. These are called the Canicula (ddg days) and the short summer of St. John. September and October are the two most unpleasant months; while the rain does not fall in torrent-like thunder showers, it is more continuous. During this time the lowlands near the coast and river bottoms are flooded, the roads become impassable, the diligence and carry- ing lines suspend their traffic, and internal mail routes are delayed and interrupted.
The climate of Salvador is healthy, except that in the low coast lands at certain seasons malarial fevers prevail, but no other part of the Republic is subject to endemic diseases. Although exact mortuary statistics are difficult to be obtained, the annual death rate for the whole country is estimated at about lo in the i,oop.
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35
Dr. David J. Guzman, in a .work on the physical aspects of Salvador, gives some valuable hints to immigrants and unacclima- tized persons visiting the country, of which the following is a translation :
When the European lands on our shores he soon feels the moist heat which prevails, particularly in the wet season. His strength begins gradually to fail, and his appetite, which in his native country (particularly if he is from the north) was vigorous, soon languishes ; his habitual energy declines. He then begins to realize the influence which the new climate exercises on his animal economy and the- necessity of moderating the hard work to which he may have been accustomed in his own country, but which here would occasion serious damage to the health of an immigrant. He will observe that the native, not- withstanding that he is acclimatized, knows how to resist the heat and escape fatigue by moderating his work and performing it in the cool hours of the morn- ing and evening.
He should avoid the immoderate use of fruits which, although to him new and delicious, will disarrange the gastro-intestinal functions and produce grave disorders in them. A necessary precaution for the immigrant to take is to pro- vide against sudden changes of temperature. Frequently, before a rainfall, an oppressive moist heat is felt, causing a profuse perspiration. While in this con- dition a fresh breeze frequently springs up which, unless precaution is taken against a sudden chill, may (jccasion grave disorders of the organs of respiration and digestion, producing dysentery and inflammatory affections of the chest, especially if the immigrant is stout and full-blooded. Light flannel clothing constantly worn will provide against chills. Although at first they may appear to be uncomfortably warm, use will soon make them preferable to cotton and linen, which have the disadvantage of cooling the wearer too quickly, thus pro- ducing conditions deleterious to health.
The skin should be kept in good condition, as perspiration, which is active in hot climates, should be unobstructed. For this purpose sea or river baths, com- bining exercise with cleanliness, are very salutary. Care should be taken to avoid sleeping in low and damp places. The air, laden with miasma, arising from decomposing vegetable and animal matter, occupies by its specific gravity the lower strata of the atmosphere. It is from this cause that houses in low and damp locations are attacked by fevers of all kinds and types, which at times occasion ravages among newly arrived people. If situated in the country, houses should be located on the high grounds and as far distant as possible from swamps and marshes. Clothing should be loose, so as to admit free circulation of air
36
SALVADOR.
and perspiration and unincumbered movement, and should not be dark in color, as dark colors absorb the heat and light ones best resist the solar radiation.
In hot climates like ours digestion is weak and slow. Animal foods, and fats in particular, which are heat-producing, are injurious to the inhabitants, as much from the difficulty of their digestion as from the additional labor imposed on the liver, which has to secrete a greater quantity of bile to dissolve the excess of fatty matter introduced. This extra work will in time produce the various forms of inflammation to which this organ is liable in tropical countries.
The food of the colonist in Salvador should be a properly proportioned mixture of animal and vegetable substances, without an excess of spices and condiments, which are generally used in our national food for the purpose of stimulating the appetite, rendered sluggish by the prevalence of great heat, par- ticularly on the coast. It may be found useful to use with the meals good wines diluted with alkaline mineral waters, such as vichy, etc. All spirituous drinks should be used very moderately, and only immediately before or with meals. Persons who use spirituous liquors to excess, particularly foreigners who are of a sanguine constitution or temperament, will quickly suffer from their destructive effects, as they cause acute congestion of the liver and the gastro-intestinal organs, producing in the former active inflammations and in the latter diarrhea and dysentery more or less severe.
These causes, and the heat and humidity which prevail in some localities, will, unless proper precaution is used, reduce the newly arrived stranger to a condi- tion of weakness injurious both to mind and body.
It may also be logically inferred that the colonist, on arrival in a tropical country such as ours, ought* not to radically change the habits acquired at home. It will be sufficient to introduce some slight modifications which will not vio- lently and suddenly change his former methods of life.
The above-named precautions are only such as should be taken by all natives of northern regions visiting for the first time a trop- ical country. In the majority of cases where foreigners suffer from the change of climate the cause can be traced to their own impru- dence and careless habits of life. With only ordinary attention to hygienic laws, and particularly to temperance in eating and drinking, there is no reason why any person of good constitution should not enjoy as good health in Salvador as in any other part of the world.
The Government has of late years bestowed most praiseworthy
SALVADOR. 07
attention to the preservation of the public health. Preventive measures are employed against the spread of infectious diseases, and vaccination has been made obligatory. In the city of San Salvador especially, the health officer has shown great vigilance and skill in these directions, and has subjected provisions of all kinds to the strictest supervision. These, with the construction of sewers and other sanitary arrangements, are contributing largely to the healthy condition of the city.
Chapter VII.
AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY.
Agriculture has always been the principal industry of Salvador. It has, within the past {gw years particularly, attained considerable development and has given evidence of progress and some improve- ment on the primitive methods which have been in use from remote ages, but there is still necessity for a wider diffusion of knowledge and the introduction of modern methods and improved machinery and implements.
As a rule the agriculturists do not understand the use of fertil- izers, and they conduct all their operations in the most primitive ,manner. When they have succeeded in exhausting the soil and they find their crops diminishing, they allow it to lie fallow and cultivate a new field. The implements in use are of the most antiquated patterns, and it is very difficult to introduce new ones or to induce the native 'farmers to adopt any novelties.
The chief agricultural products are coffee, indigo, balsam, sugar, tobacco, India rubber, rice, cacao, cotton, cereals, and fruits.
COFFEE.
Coffee is produced in all parts of the Republic wherever the lands rise from 1,500 to 4,000 feet above the sea level. It is by far the most important product of the country, as it has for some years past formed more than one-half of the total amount of the exports. The best and most productive plantations are in the departments of Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Ahuachapan, La Libertad, and San Salvador. Cuscatlan, La Paz, and Usulutan are also 38
SALVADOR.
39
making considerable progress in this industry, as within the past few years many thousands of trees have been planted in those departments, which will soon enable them to export large quan- tities.
In starting a coffee plantation it is usual to purchase the young trees about 2 years old from nurseries, as by this method two years' time is saved and the returns of profit on the in\^estment corre- spondingly quickened. The average price of the trees at that age is $10 to $20 per 1,000.
The coffee tree is a tender shrub, and needs careful tending and protection from the sun from the time of planting and even for years after it has begun to produce crops. For this purpose bananas, plantains, or other quick-growing, wide-branching trees are planted between the rows. Careful weeding is also a necessity. It is gen- erally calculated that the trees will be sufficiently matured when 3 years old to produce a fair crop, which will continue to increase until the seventh year, when it will have reached its maximum. It is calculated that the outlay for labor and expenses in produc- ing coffee to the grower is about 5 cents per pound. The retail price varies from 10 to 25 cents per pound. It is estimated that about one-half of the crop is consumed in the country and the remainder exported.
The last crop was not as abundant as the preceding one, show- ing a decrease of nearly 18,000 bags, but it has brought higher prices, ordinary quality selling as high as $30 to $32 Salvador currency per quintal (1 01 j^ pounds). Some drawback, however, exists on this increased price in the imposition of a new tax of $2.25 gold on all exported coffee in lieu of the former tax of $1 silver.
INDIGO.
The botanical name of the plant which produces the indigo of commerce is Indigofera Anil. The aboriginal name in Salvador is Jiquilite, and both the plant and its product are called Anil in
40
SALVADOR.
Spanish. It has always been an important product in Salvador, being only second to coffee in the list of exports. It is grown principally on the high, rocky soils of the departments of Chala- tenango. Cabanas, and Morazan, and to some extent in those of Santa Ana, San Vincente, and San Miguel.
The methods followed in the preparation of the soil and culti- vation of the plant are very different from the careful attention bestowed on these points in the indigo plantations of the East Indies. The usual plan in Salvador is merely to cut and burn the brush and undergrowth, sow the seed, and let it grow as best it can. It is generally sown in May, and by September is fit for the harvest, when the flower buds are about to open, at which time it is richest in the indigo-yielding matter. It is cut at a few inches above the foot, and the leaves and stems tied into bundles about lo inches in diameter, and conveyed at once to the factory, in which there are three brick tanks, placed in close proximity, each being on a lower level than the other. The sheaves are piled in the uppermost tank, covered with water, and heavy weights placed on them. A fermentation more or less rapid arises, according to the temperature, but generally in from nine to fourteen hours. The liquid, which has become of a greenish-yellow color, is then run off into the next lower tank, where it is necessary to keep it in a state of violent agitation in order to oxygenize it. For this pur- pose it is beaten for several hours by men armed with long paddles or poles, thus constantly exposing new surfaces to the action of the air. It is then run off into the third and lowest tank, where ^ macerated shrub, known as cuaja-tinta (ink coagulator) is added, which has the effect of precipitating the indigo to the bottom of the tank, when the water is drawn off, leaving the tinta in the shape of a purple-colored mud at the bottom, which then undergoes the ' process of drying and pressing into cakes ready for packing for market.
There is no doubt that this industry could be rendered much
SALVADOR. 41
more profitable if more careful methods and improved apparatus were introduced in the cultivation and manufacture of the product. The quantity of indigo produced in Salvador has been falling off for some years past, but it is now again increasing, the amount produced in 1891 being 7,889 serrones (1 serronr=:i50 pounds) and in 1892, 9,587 serrones. The prospects of the future of this industry seem to be encouraging.
BALSAM.
The tree which produces this article is the Myrospermum salva- toriensis, or, as it was called in the aboriginal language, the Hoitziloxitl^ grows almost exclusively on the Costa del Balsamo, or Balsam Coast of Salvador, which comprises the seashores of the departments of Sonsonate and La Libertad, although Great Britain, ever alert to improve the resources of her Asiatic terri- tory, has recently introduced it into the Island of Ceylon.
The balsam is a lofty leguminous tree, frequently reaching a height of 100 feet and over. The Indians living on the Balsam Coast, who are the nearest approach to the aboriginal tribes, have a monopoly of the balsam product, are supported entirely by it, and live in the forests in unmolested seclusion.
There are two methods of extracting the viscid liquid, which is known in commerce as the Balsam of Peru, from the fact that it was first sent from Salvador to Peru in the early days of Spanish rule, and from thence found its way to Europe.
The first consists in scraping the skin of the bark to the depth of one-tenth of an inch with a sharp machete, in small spaces, some 1 2 to 1 5 inches square, all along the trunk and stout branches of the tree. Immediately after this operation the portions scraped are heated with burning torches made out of the dried branches of a tree called " chimaliote," and after this pieces of old cotton cloth are spread on the warmed and half-charred bark. By punch- ing the edges of the cloths against the tree with the point of the
42
SALVADOR.
machete they are made to adhere. In this condition they are left for twenty-four or even forty-eight hours (in January), when the rags are gathered and submitted to a decoction in big iron pots. After this the rags are subjected while still hot to a great pressure in an Indian machine, made of strong ropes and wooden levers, worked by hand. The balsam oozes out and falls into a recep- tacle, where it is allowed to cool. This is called raw balsam. To refine it they boil it again and drain it, after which they pack it in iron cans ready for market.
The other method of extracting balsam consists in entirely bark- ing the trunk and heavy branches of the tree, a process which, as a rule, kills it outright, or at best renders it useless for several years. The bark is finely ground, boiled, and submitted to pres- sure, in order to extract the oil, which is considered of an inferior quality to thalT obtained by the system first described. Both methods are defective, but the latter is ruinous and is forbidden by the authorities.
When ready for market it is a thick, viscid oleo resin, of a deep brown or black color, and has a fragrant balsamic odor. It has been analyzed and its percentage composition found to be ; Cin- namic acid, 46; resin, 32; benzylic alcohol, 20. It is used in perfumery, and in medicine as a stimulative application to indo- lent sores and internally as a remedy for asthma and other pec- toral complaints
SUGAR.
The climate and soil of Salvador are well adapted to the growth of sugar cane, which is cultivated to a greater or less extent in all the departments. With the introduction of capital and improved machinery the production of sugar would become a great industry. Even with the imperfect work now done all the sugar used in the Republic is of home production, and among the exports it ranks next in importance to indigo. The greater part of that used in
SALVADOR.
43
the country is in the shape of small blocks weighing about 2 pounds ; it is called " panela," and looks and tastes very much like the maple sugar of our Northern States. A large quantity of it is used in the manufacture of native rum. Loaves of compact white sugar, weighing from 25 to 40 pounds, are also manufac- tured. The mills which produce the "panela" are generally of wood, of very primitive construction, and the work done by them is very imperfect. There are in the country a few plants run by steam, where a better class of sugar is produced, but these are owned by large operators, who export their whole crops.
TOBACCO.
A considerable quantity of tobacco is produced in Salvador, as it grows luxuriantly in all the departments and at different eleva- tions. If better methods of drying and preparation of the leaves were in use a much higher grade would be produced, which would command attention in foreign markets and lead to a considerable extension of the industry. In December, 1892, a large quantity of tobacco seed was introduced by the Government and distributed gratis among agriculturists with the idea of promoting the culture of the plant, and at the same time two natives of Cuba were employed to teach the method of curing and working the tobacco as practiced in Cuba. At present nearly all the tobacco produced is consumed in the country, in the shape of cigars and cigarettes, by men, women, and children. Chewing tobacco and pipes are not used.
The methods of handling the tobacco heretofore in use are very primitive. TJie growers allow the leaves to dry in the sun without detaching them from the stalks, which are cut a few inches above the surface of the ground. They then pile them in stacks from 6 to 9 feet in diameter and 3 to 4 feet high, on the top of which they place heavy weights, covering them with a thick layer of banana leaves. Fermentation ensues which, from its action, brings out
44 SALVADOR.
the color and aroma of the leaves. When it is considered that the process is complete the tobacco is taken from the stack, exposed for a short time to the air, and the leaves detached from the stalks, sorted, and tied into bundles for market. The export trade in tobacco is small and principally to the neighboring Republics.
INDIA RUBBER.
Although the Government has made many efforts to promote the planting of India rubber trees, they have not hitherto been attended with success, and all of the product has been derived 'from trees growing wild in the forests which cover the low, moist plains in the departments of La Paz, La Union, San Miguel, and Us&lutan. The methods of extracting the sap and making the rubber are of the same rude and wasteful description as are prac- ticed in other parts of Central America, and are conducted in a desultory and shiftless manner by the Indians. The result is that the amount exported is small and the industry has not attained any prominence.
RICE
Is extensively grown and forms quite an important crop. All that is raised in Salvador is of the upland variety, and is grown on the dry table-lands and hillsides. The greater part of the crop is consumed at home, the exports being confined to small quanti- ties sent to the neighboring Republics.
OTHER PRODUCTS.
Cacao is cultivated in many of the departments, and the quality produced is good. It is nearly all consumed in the country, in the shape of chocolate, etc., and has made but a small figure in the list of exports, although climate and soil are well adapted for its suc- cessful cultivation.
Frijoles, the brown beans, which form such an important article
SALVADOR. 45
of diet in all the Spanish-American countries, are produced in large quantities in all parts of the Republic.
Indian corn, wheat, potatoes, and vegetables in great variety are successfully cultivated and produce abundant crops.
The cultivation of tropic fruits for export trade has excited but little interest in Salvador, as it lies too far from the markets of the United States, and its geographical position is such as to render it impossible to compete with the neighboring Republics having ports on the Atlantic coast; consequently fruit is raised solely for the purpose of supplying the domestic demand.
CATTLE.
The introduction of improved breeds of cattle has, within the past few years, received increased attention from the agriculturists. The fertile mountain slopes and foothills furnish excellent pas- turage, and the future of this industry has a very promising outlook.
Within the past year the Government has established an agri- cultural educational establishment and model farm in the suburbs of the city of San Salvador, which is to be stocked with selected breeds of cattle, horses, hogs, and fowls from the United States. It is expected that this establishment will prove of great value to the agricultural interests of the country. The Government has also offered a prize of $50 for the best breed of cattle, horses, and mares introduced into the country with the object of improving the native breeds, which will doubtless have a very beneficial effect in that direction.
FORESTRY.
In consequence of the smaller forest area, the exportation of cabinet woods is not likely to attain the same importance as in some other parts of tropical America, yet Salvador has an ample supply of valuable timber, including mahogany, cedar, ebony, granadilla, etc. The low coast lands produce considerable quantities of dye-
46 SALVADOR.
woods, of which, perhaps, the mora, or fustic of commerce, is the most abundant and valuable. There also exists an ample supply of timber suitable for all building purposes, such as pitch pine, which is similar to the long-leaved yellow pine of our Southern States, ceiba, and others. Of late years several sawmills have been put in operation.
There are two plants, which grow wild in all parts of the country, which are very valuable. These are the pita, from the fibre of which is made thread, twine, cordage, hammocks, and a great variety of other articles, and the yucca, from which starch is man- ufactured. The country abounds also in valuable medicinal plants and others that are useful from a commercial point of view.
Chapter VI 11.
MINERALS AND MINING.
The mineral veins of Salvador are found principally in the rocks of the mountain chain, or cordillera, which extends into Honduras and Nicaragua and forms the richest mining districts of those countries. The veins run generally parallel with the direction of the range, that is, from east to west, but are often found to be much broken and interrupted by the action of upheaval. Deposits of gold, silver, copper, and lead are more generally found in the eastern part of the Republic, iron in the western, and coal at various points in the valley of the River Lempa.
Of all the departments of the Republic, Morazan is the richest in minerals. In it, according to the latest statistical account, there exist 90 mines, or one-half of all the mining establishments of the country. They are described as follows: In the mineral set- tlement of Corozal, in the township of San Carlos, there are 8 mines, viz: Corozal, a gold mine in good working condition and with good machinery; Miguelito, Barrios, and Agua Caliente, producing gold and silver, but not very rich ; Guarumal, a mine producing silver ore of high grade; and San Bartolo, Plumora- Barrios, and Guarumo-Barrios, silver mines.
In the settlement of Encuentros, situated in the same township, there are 32 mines: Mina Grande; Guapinol, Virginia, Dolores, La Matilde, and El Rosario, all producing gold and silver ore yielding 10 marks of silver and an ounce of gold per ton; El
47
48 SALVADOR.
Cuartel, El Recreo, Crito, Santa Nicolasa, La Plomosa, La Espe- ranza, La Fe, Chance, Santa Lucia, Persito, Diamante, and Ofir, all of them producing gold and silver, the Persito having also lead; La Soledad, La Luz, San Emilio, San Antonio, San Juan, Santa Emilia, Santa Anita, El Nance, Santa Nicolosa, Santa Francisca, Santa Isabel, and San Antonio, all producing gold and silver ores of various grades, and all owned by different persons.
In the Loma Larga settlement, in the townships of San Carlos and Jocoro, there are 34. mines, all yielding gold and silver as follows: Loma Larga, Pique de la Senora, Socorro, Don Adolfo, Santa Maria, Santa Elena, Julia, Montecristo, La Perla, Guana- caste, San Jose, Santiago, La Fortuna, La Providencia, San Pedro, San Antonio, La Soledad, El Bosque, La Calera, Santa Bar- bara, Santa Maria, Gigante, Carolina, Flamenco, Divisadero, La Angela, and Juanita (the last-named four being the property of the Divisadero Gold and Silver Mining Company), Colombia, San Jacinto, Pavon, Nueva San Francisco, La Ventura, and San Rafael.
In the township of Soledad there are 12 mines, all producing gold and silver, as follows : Montemayor, Banadero, El Caragiiito, El Carao, Misericordia, La Calabaza, Jimerito, La Fe, La Espe- ranza, Mala Barranca, El Gato, and Huilihuiste.
In the township of Gotera there are the mines of La Concha and San Francisco.
In the township of Zamabal there are 2 mines, named El Cru- cero and La Esperanza, and in the township of Cacaopera there is the Piedra Negra mine.
Of the above-mentioned, the settlements of Corozal, Encuentros, Loma Larga, Divisadero, and Flamenco are completely equipped with mills, smelters, and machinery for the reduction of ores and producing bullion.
The next departments in rank as mineral districts are Santa Ana and Chalatenango, in each of which there are 28 mines.
SALVADOR.
49
The following tabic, compiled by Senor Don Rafael Reyes, chief of the Salvadorean Bureau of Statistics, shows the number of mines in each department and the minerals they produce :
|
Departments. |
0) C o a •3 '3 |
S s |
T3 u u V > |
•a 1 ni C |
3 U o |
3 S S |
T3 |
o h- 1 |
a O <u a 2 |
■a c If IS a |
> |
0) ft ft 0 0 |
■3 0 |
a 0 u ■a . " ft u > |
■3 0 |
|||
|
San Salvador |
I |
I |
||||||||||||||||
|
I |
8 |
lO |
4 |
s |
?8 |
|||||||||||||
|
La Libertad |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
5 |
s |
13 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Chalatenango |
2 |
I |
2 |
I |
2 S |
I |
6 |
S 9 |
3 |
I 3 |
|
38 17 |
||||||
|
La Paz |
||||||||||||||||||
|
4 |
84 |
90 |
||||||||||||||||
|
2 100 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
6 |
2 |
2 |
I |
I |
I |
I |
3 |
9 |
15 |
2 |
20 |
7 |
4 |
5 |
||||
|
Total . |
I |
tRo |
||||||||||||||||
In several of the departments not mentioned as having mines, mineral claims have been made and are in course of development.
The mining laws of Salvador are embodied in El Codigo de Mineria (The Mining Code), the provisions of which are substan- tially identical with those of the other Spanish-American countries. The following is a translation of the most important clauses:
Sec. 15. The ownership of a mine is acquired by means of a concession granted by competent authority, under the provisions of the present law, or by any other way of conveyance or transfer of property recognized by the munic- ipal law of the country.
Sec 16. A concession is the formal adjudication or grant of a mine, made in favor of some one who has complied with all the requisites of law, and it carries with it the power to work the mine within the limits of a fixed area or extent.
Sec. 17. No concession shall be granted except upon application and all other regular proceedings provided for by this code.
An exemplified copy of the whole record of the said proceedings shall be the title of the ownership of the.mine.
Sec. 18. A concession granted in full conformity with the provisions of this law conveys to the grantee the ownership of the mine, and enables, therefore. Bull. 58 4
50 SALVADOR.
the same grantee freely to dispose both of the mine and of its yield, as his own private property.
Sec. 19. The concessions are made for unlimited time, and last so long as the grantees comply with the conditions imposed on them by this law.
Sec. 20. The refuse and slag heaps of abandoned mines and smelting estab- lishments shall not be allowed to be worked except upon a special concession ; but if the ground on which they are found is private property, they shall belong to its owner.
Sec. 21. The tailings and grounds of abandoned mines are integral parts of the mine to which they belong, and can not be made the subject of a separate concession.
Sec. 22. No concession shall ever be made until after the metal supposed to exist in the mine is actually found, and without sufficient proof that there is ground enough to constitute a mining property.
Sec. 61. Miners and all other persons continuously engaged in mining works shall be exempted from military and municipal service.
They shall be exempted also from imprisonment for civil debt, and no attach- ment can be made of their wages, on account of the same debts, for more than one-fourth of their amount.
Sec. 63. Miners and laborers shall be exempted from the tax called the "beneficiencia," which is levied on all the inhabitants of the Republic.
Chapter IX.
COMMERCE.
Notwithstanding the disadvantage under which Salvador labors of having no ports on the Atlantic Coast and no outlet for mer- chandise in that direction, the commerce of the country has been remarkably active, a result largely due to the high prices that have been obtained for coffee for several years. For some time past, however, the great fall in the price of silver and consequent high rate of exchange has exerted a depressing influence, and the year 1892 shows a decrease in the amount of both exports and imports.
The foreign commerce for 1892 was as follows:
Dollars.
Exports 6, 838, 258. 74
Imports 2, 320, 941. 30
Excess of exports 4, 517, 317. 44
The President of the Republic in his message to Congress of 20th of February, 1893, in referring to this says:
This immense balance in our favor is such a proportion as perhaps no other country in the world can show ; it represents an accumulation ot savings, and consequently considerable increase in public wealth. Our situation would have, been extremely favorable if circumstances impossible to foresee had not partly nullified the conditions. These arose from the precautions rendered necessary by the prevalence of cholera in Europe, and the crisis brought about in conse- quence of the extraordinary fall in the price ot silver.
The exports, divided by countries, were as follows :
Pesos.
United States 2, 878, 649. 00
France 953, 998. 00
Great Britain 797, 812. 00
Germany 787, 480.00
Italy 399, 678. 00
Spain 22, 663. 00
Other countries 997, 978. 74
Total 6,838,258.74
51
52 SALVADOR.
The following are the commodities shipped :
» ■ Pesos.
Coffee 4, 526, 755. 00
Indigo I, 151, 169.00
Sugar 164, 089. 06
Balsam 55, 781. 00
Hides 32, 734. 00
India rubber 10, 578. 00
Silver coin 550, 681. 00
Silver bullion 149, 872. 00
Tobacco, leaf 30, 646. 00
Tobacco, manufactured 108, 040. 00
Other articles 57, 913. 74
Total ' 6, 838, 258. 74
The iinports consisted of the following merchandise :
Pesos.
Cotton goods S77, 468. 00
Linen goods. 13, 217. 00
Wooleu goods 56, 927. 00
Silk goods 79, 170. 00
Mixed goods 5, 837. 00
Flour 202, 906. 00
Liquors, wine and beer 225, 866. 00
Earthenware and glass 39, 367. 00
Drugs and perfumery 82, 454. 00
Ironware 5, 872. 00
Machinery 40, 005. 00
Hats, straw 15, 363. 00
Shoemakers' tools 18, 669.00
Jewelry i, 950. 00
Printed books i, 494, 00
Coin 143, 376. 00
Furniture and woods 33, 415. 00
Hardware. 160, 689. 00
Tinware 93, 039, 00
Other articles 223, 857. 30
Total 2, 320, 941. 30
The trade between the United States and Salvador has steadily grown and may now be considered as well and soundly established. The following report, made by Mr. G. J. Dawson, U. S. vice- consul at San Salvador, September 3, 1893, gives a clear pre- sentation of the present conditions:
After a careful investigation of the existing difficulties that our trade has to
SALVADOR. 53
overcome in this country in order to successfully compete with European goods, I have arrived at certain conclusions vi^hich I judge worthy of the consideration of our manufacturers and exporters.
Our commerce in Salvador has grown up slowly, but at the same time steadily, in spite of the prejudice aroused against it by competitors and in spite of deplor- able errors committed in the beginning by some of our shortsighted exporters.
The reputation of our goods, now firmly established and daily extending in these markets, is due to their merit. Two facts, however, almost nullify the advantages we have already gained. These are our short-credit system and our lack of transportation facilities, which produces the anomalous result of cheaper freight rates from European than from American ports.
It has befen frequently said, and it is a fact, that American manufactures can not compete with goods of European make on account of the cheapness of the latter. This cheapness is generally due either to absolute inferiority of the trans- atlantic article or to heavier freights paid from American ports. Rather than debase the quality and the good reputation of our products, it is preferable to go on as we are going; it is better to be unable to compete, in a certain sense of the word, because the consumers here understand very well that the higher prices they pay for our articles are in just proportion to their superior quality. But if freights were reduced the prices actually demanded for our goods would naturally fall, and we would then stand a fair chance of becoming the masters of Central American trade.
Let us compare a few European articles with those of American manufacture, in order to establish the real difference existing between them, independently of prices. American cotton "manta" appears in this market as a heavy, soft, white fabric, 36 inches wide and 40 yards long. English shirtings usually come in 24-yard pieces, 24 to 28 inches wide. It is of a yellowish gray hue, thin and brittle in texture, as if the threads of which it is woven were held together by the lime and glue with which it is entirely coated. European and American calicoes, muslins^ cotton handkerchiefs, braids, and other stuffs ot the same kind likewise differ, those of American make showing at a glance what they are, the European concealing under a brilliant exterior the poverty of their quality. The lower classes of the people give the preference to European goods, on account of their cheapness, but, aware of their bad quality, are constantly striving to obtain American articles, satisfied that they would gain, though paying higher prices.
Salvadorean importers get in England, on long terms of credit, whitt cotton shirtings in 40-yard pieces, 33 inches wide, at $1.55 per piece; in 24-yard pieces and narrower widths at 88 cents ; gray cotton domestics in 40-yard pieces.
_5'4 SALVADOR.
28 inches wide, at $1.37 per piece; striped cotton towels, 36 by 72 inches, at $4 per dozen; and white towels, 28 by 64, at ^2.20 per dozen.
Cotton yarn, bleached and dyed, is imported only from England and is much used in the manufacture of native " manta," drills, cotton shawls (or " rebosos "), napkins, tablecloths, and coarse handkerchiefs woven in the country. It comes in bales of 45 or 50 bundles, weighing 5 pounds each. According to consular invoices this yarn, dyed, is bought in Manchester at 20 cents per pound. Ameri- can cotton yarn could advantageously compete in this market with the English article, and it would be worth while to give this line of trade a trial, since the English carry it on with a profit even after buying the raw material from the United States or other countries.
Sewing thread is exclusively imported from the United States.
Woolen fabrics are mostly imported from France, England, and Germany. With few exceptions they are mixed with other materials. They wear very poorly and sell at prices sufficiently high for first-class goods. American woolen stuffs could find acceptance in much larger quantities than are now actually imported. Their only drawbacks are, as stated above, the higher freig'hts and noncredit system of our tradespeople. Woolen hats of American manufacture are being imported. Their superiority in every respect is recognized by the people.
Silk thread and stuffs are generally imported from France. The United States have lately begun to introduce this kind of goods, and, as regards fineness in quality, they have nothing to envy in those of European manufacture.
The importation of bottled beer from the United States is growing more and more every day. English beers are fast withdrawing from this market, which not long ago they monopolized. ■ The German article is the only one in compe- tition. Beer is not imported in barrels.
Cheap European wines, cognacs, and rums, generally imported from England and Germany, are being slowly driven away by the pure articles from California. With lower freights we would soon become the absolute masters of the wine and liquor trade of Salvador. Chile is now looking to Central America as a new field for the exportation of her wines and cereals. Heretofore Central America has imported from Great Britain Chilean wines adulterated by European dealers, who sent them back to this continent nicely bottled and gaily labeled. In the future these countries will import the pure wines and liquors of the southern Republic, with which we shall have to compete.
Shoes and shoemakers' materials are more rarely imported from Europe than formerly. We are rapidly gaining ground in this line, and we are the only exporters to these countries of sewing machines for shoemakers' use, as well as of many raw materials and tools.
SALVADOR. 55
In the commerce of glass and china ware, as also of lamps and thdr accesso- ries, bric-a-brac, and similar goods, we are improving. The same might be said of cheap jewelry, paper, blank and printed books, and all stationery. American watches and clocks have great demand, and their use is steadily growing. Our trade in drugs, medicines, and perfumery is making rapid progress. Mercury is largely imported from Europe. In some articles, however, such as rubber and leather goods, blacking, varnishes, cordage, and umbrellas, we are making great improvement.
With regard to machinery, our trade is increasing constantly. Sewing ma- chines of all descriptions, as well as carpenters' foot-power machines, are imported from the United States. Sugar-cane mills, turbines, and other water wheels, coiFee and rice cleaning machines, electric apparatus, railway locomo- tives, and steam engines of American manufacture are more frequently imported than are those of European make.
The competition between American hardware and that of England and Ger- many is becoming more brisk and important every day, notwithstanding cheaper freights from European ports and the difference in credit systems. The great superiority of our goods is daily more firmly established, and this is proved by the repeated efforts made by transatlantic manufacturers to imitate our articles and trade-marks, aided by dealers here who openly declare, when detected, that English or German goods are "as good as American."
Galvanized-iron wire for telegraphic and fence purposes, as well as revolvers and rifles, are exclusively imported from the United States. First-class tools, machetes, axes, wire and cut nails, hunting knives, and steel in bars mostly come from the United States.
The following are wholesale prices at which Salvador merchants get some of their goods on credit in English markets :
Dollars.
Axes (good quality, without handles) each . . .78
Machetes per dozen. . 2. 36
Kettles (" peroles"), for cane juice each. .
Hunting knives per dozen . .
Shears per gross . .
Sheet-iron cans, for balsam packing each. .
Galvanized sheet iron per pound . .
Zinc, in sheets do. . . .
Steel, in bars do. . . .
Iron buckets do ... .
Iron "comales" (open flat ovens, for baking corn bread) . . . .do. . . .
Iron " cantaros" (water pitchers) do. . . .
Hoes per dozen. .
Lead, in bars per pound .
Tin, in bars , do ... .
|
0 |
,40 |
|
2, |
■ 15 |
|
5. |
, 20 |
|
I. |
03 |
|
. OIj |
|
|
04 |
|
|
051 |
|
|
.03 |
|
|
02 |
|
|
12 |
|
|
I |
■50 |
|
. 02i |
|
|
. 20 |
s(>
SALVADOR.
With regard to furniture, it may be said that most of that imported comes from the United States. The same is also true to a very large extent of oil, paints, brushes, moldings, and tapestries, which were hardly ever brought. from the United States till a few years ago.
Coal, petroleum, gasoline, and naphtha, Portland cement, cotton-seed oil, tea, lumber, ready-made doors and blinds, preserved meats, lard, fresh and pre- served fruits and vegetables, Indian corn and maizena, flour, and rice come exclusively from the United States, as also large quantities of pickles, cheese, salt fish, and other potted meats.
The exports from the United States to Salvador during the year ending June 30, 1893, were as follows:
Articles.
Agricultural implements
Cars, passenger and freight, for steam railroads number. .
Cotton, manufactures of :
Cloths, colored and uncolored .yards. .
All other
Fish, canned, other than salmon
India rubber and gutta-percha, manufactures of
Iron and steel, manufactures of:
Cutlery
Firearms
Machinery, not elsewhere specified . .
Nails and spikes —
Cut pounds. .
Wire, wrought, horseshoe, and all other, including
tacks pounds. .
Saws and tools
Steam engines, etc. — stationary engines number. .
Wire pounds. .
Leather and manufactures of :
Leather :
Manufactures —
Boots and shoes pairs . .
Harness and saddles
All other
All other articles
Domestic exports Foreign goods
Total exports
Quantities.
I, 843, 224
54. 660 2, 600
Values.
I, 356, 863
263
Dollars. 1,817 3.712
98, 444
7.803
106
3.025
413 40, 642
53- 249
1.378
144 8,841
585 40, 187
461
1.775
846
854, 506
I, 118,054 20, 376
I, 138,430
The imports from Salvador with the United States for the year ending June 30, 1893, were :
Dollars.
Goods free of duty , i, 355, 674
Goods dutiable - 56
Total 1.355.730
SALVADOR. 57
There has been a general complaint throughout all the countries of Central and South America as to carelessness in packing goods in the United States. The following report of Vice -Consul Dawson shows clearly the necessity for careful attention on that point and explains the rough handling to which merchandise is subjected in Salvador.
UNLOADING AND LANDING.
The more or less bad condition in which goods reach this country is largely due to the usage to which packages are subjected on landing at the ports and during their transportation from the ports to the interior. The knowledge, then, of the facts concerning the landing and transportation difficulties in Salvador is bound to be a sure guide to manufacturers and exporters intending to pack goods destined for this country.
In the first place, goods are hoisted from the holds of vessels in a rough and careless manner and thrown down into lighters or big open launches, where they are as roughly put in order, with utter disregard to the size or resistance of frail packages on which heavy ones are piled, to the detriment of their contents.
Once loaded, the lighters are rowed a distance of from half a mile to 2 miles (at Acajutla and La Libertad) to the wharf, where the goods are again hoisted some 30 or 40 feet from the launches to the pier in a somewhat similar fashion to that observed in unloadmg them from the steamers. From the head of the pier the cargo is once more moved, placed on small platform cars, pushed some 400 feet over rails by hand at La^ Libertad, and drawn by oxen at Acajutla to the custom-house, where warehouses are provided pending the registering of merchandise.
At La Union the process just described varies a little with regard to the pier. There the lighters, which are long and narrow Indian canoes or "bougos," as they are called, are supposed to reach the land directly from the steamers; but, as the water is too shallow for their draft, ox carts are driven up to the axles into the muddy water, and the bales, cases, barrels, etc., are brought to them from the boats on the shoulders of cartmen and boatmen who wade waist deep from 10 to 25 yards. The carts, once loaded, are driven some 60 yards to the custom-house, where the goods are thrown out and stowed pending registration.
EN ROUTE TO THE INTERIOR.
At Acajutla the cargo is taken from the warehouse on board the cars of the Acajutla Railroad to Sonsonate, or to the terminus at La Ceiba. Goods are supposed to suffer a great deal less from rough handling by this route than on
58 SALVADOR.
the way from La Libertad or La Uni6n to the interior. The transportation from Sonsonate and other railway stations to the western departments of Sal- vador and from the two seaports mentioned above to the inland towns is done by means of carts. These are two-wheeled vehicles drawn by oxen. Their construction is primitive and strong. Their axles are made of wood, and the body of the cart sits directly on the axle, without any springs. The length of the carts is generally 9 feet and the breath 3^ feet. In the dry season, when the roads are supposed to be in good condition, they carry as much as 7 "cargas" of 12 "arrobas" each (2,100 pounds). This load is reduced to 1,000 and even to 800 pounds in rainy weather, when the roads are next to impassable. One hundred and twenty-five cubic feet of bulky and light cargoes can be transported in one of these carts.
The roads in Salvador are, as a rule, very bad. They are not macadamized, and can be described as simple cuts on the hillsides of sufficient width to allow two carts to pass each other. Whenever traffic or a rain storm wears holes or ditches in the roadbed, bundles of twigs or brush and loose earth brought from the nearest cut on the roadside and placed therein are deemed enough by the municipal officials to remedy the imperfection ; the consequence is that the high- ways are always in poor condition. To this it may be added that bridges are extremely rare; that the ground is generally soft, easily cut by the rain, and frequently muddy; that no regard has been taken for the grading of the ways, which go almost straight uphill and down to the bottom of the valleys ; and, lastly, that the rainfall in the wet season is frequent and heavy.
Whenever an axle breaks, which is a very common occurrence, or whenever, as more usually happens, a cart gets stuck in a mudhole, out of which the oxen — small, ill fed, lean, and weak beasts — can not pull it, the custom on the road from La Union to San Miguel is to unload the cargo and to carry it on the shoulders of the cartmen beyond the difficult pass in order to draw the empty vehicle to a safe place, where they load again, only to repeat the sticking and unloading process some 2 or 3 miles ahead. On La Libertad road a whole train of carts stops at such times and unite the strength of 10 or 12 couples of oxen to draw the " stuck cart " over the bad piece of road. Then they move away, leaving others to meet their fate, without ever giving a thought to mend- ing the ditch or hole that detained them. In this way they manage to make the distance of 36 miles from La Libertad to San Salvador or from La Uni6n to San Miguel in from three to eight days.
The price for carting every " carga " of 300 pounds a distance of 36 or 40 miles varies from 95 cents to $4.50, according to the season of the year. Goods are carted in the same manner from Sonsonate to Santa Ana, and from the rail- way terminus at La Ceiba to Santa Tecla and San Salvador.
SALVADOR. 59
Once at Santa Ana or at San Miguel, a new kind of handling begins for pack- ages destined to go further into the interior. This consists in pack mules that carry from 200 to 250 pounds, and which differ very little from those used on the Rocky Mountains.
OUTSIDE PACKAGES.
From what has been said, it is only natural to suggest that goods should be tightly packed in as small cases, bales, barrels, or packages as possible — no larger than 36 by 20 by 18 inches, and weighing not more than 80 or 100 pounds.
Cases containing goods should be made of strong three-quarter inch boards, capable of standing more rough handling than any that can be even imagined in the United States, for in this country the mere movement of a cart on a rela- tively smooth road is enough to shake almost any kind of a box to pieces and to ruin the contents if not firmly packed and well protected with sawdust, hay, or other appropriate packing stuff. This should especially be borne in mind when ^ packing bottled wines, liquors, and other liquids, which, by the way, are fre- quently rifled in a strange and very effective manner. The cartmen willfully strike the bottom of a whole case of wine or brandy against a rock until the board gets broken and with it one or more bottles. The liquid then pouring out through the box or package is collected and drunk. This is reported and charged to the broken case from which no bottle has been extracted.
Against heavy packing, however, there is the drawback of customs duties charged on the box, keg, barrel, etc., according to the actual tariff. Merchants generally sell the cases or packing of merchandise for more than the equivalent of the duties paid on. them. The question then is, does it suit them better to pay small duties on a light case and run the risk of heavy losses by breakage and robbery or to pay more duties on strong boxing, with a prospective guaranty against either loss ? The latter is generally accepted as preferable.
The actual system of packing bales of dry goods is good enough, but the weight per package ought to be diminished by putting fewer pieces of cloth in each.
The fact of packages not being waterproof increases the freight rates about 15 per cent from the ports to the interior during the rainy season.
Casks containing wines or other liquids should be protected by a thick, coarse mat, covering at least the central or widest diameter of the same.
Petroleum, naphtha, cotton-seed oil, and similar articles should be packed in cans of thicker tin, and the soldering should be more carefully executed, for they suffer a great deal in transit, and the leakage, of the first especially, often amounts to 40 per cent of the whole invoice.
6o SALVADOR.
All wooden cases and boxes should have, when possible, iron bands on the edges, and some device ought to be invented by which the ends of those bands may be locked and unlocked in some way as a precaution against stealing the contents by boatmen, cartmen, and porters, particularly when high-priced goods are packed in them. Custom-house officials open all packages to register their contents and deliver them opened to the owners or their agents, who shut them hastily as best they can and turn them over half closed to the cartmen to be taken to the interior in the manner already described.
Machinery destined for this country should be made in as small pieces as practicable. The road from La Union to San Miguel is strewn with heavy pieces- of mining machinery, big iron shafts, blocks of granite and marble for Snonuments, etc., which have never reached their destination. At this date there is actually a boiler at the foot of the pier at Acajutla under 12 feet of water, which broke the chains with which they were hoisting it from the lighter. It is sunk, probably never to be recovered.
In conclusion, our merchants should remember that English is not spoken in Salvador, and that the labels "Handle with care," "This side up," "Use no hooks," etc., on packages should be written or printed in Spanish if they are to be read here.
In April, 1893, a decree of Congress was published reestablishing consular invoices, which must now accompany all shipments of goods to Salvador. As the details are important to shippers, a full translation is given, as follows:
The National Assembly of the Republic of Salvador: Whereas it is expedient to reestablish consular invoices, in order to more effectively prevent the entry of foreign goods in contraband, to more clearly justify their real origin, and to augment the receipts of the consular service of the Republic, has decreed:
Article 1. Whosoever ships articles of commerce, even duty-free goods, from abroad into the Republic must, for every shipment to a consignee, make an invoice in triplicate copy.
These invoices must be written in the Spanish language or in the language of the country of origin, and give the following details :
1. The indication of the quantity of bales, cases, barrels, bundles, or any other package containing goods.
2. The marks and number of each package and its gross weight, with the exception of machinery, iron, or wood, which can, even when composed of various packages, be entered in the invoice with the total price of each shipment.
3. The denomination and kind of goods.
SALVADOR. 61
4, The value of the goods in legal currency of the Republic, in the currency of the country of origin, or in the currency with which the goods were pur- chased.
Art. 2. The shippers of goods must present the three copies of the invoice to be viseed to the consul, vice-consul, or consular agent of the Republic resid- ing at the place of origin or at the port from whence the goods are to be shipped. In localities where no agent of Salvador exists these documents must be legalized by a ccfnsul of a friendly country or of a country with which the Republic is not at war. In default of these agents the legalization must be made by the cham- ber of commerce, if it should not refuse to do so, and, finally, by two merchants of the locality.
Art. 3. Consuls, vice-consuls, and consular agents must exact from shippers of goods that the triplicate invoices conform to the prescriptions of the present law; they can tolerate neither interlineations, erasures, corrections, nor cancel- ings, and may not authenticate the invoices until after comparison.
Art. 4. When the authentication emanates from agents ot the Republic it shall be inscribed at the foot of each copy and in the following form: "I certify that the above invoice, presented by (indicate the name of the shipper) composed of (indicate, in letters, the number of sheets) is relative to (number) of packages, of a total weight and of a total value of (state total weight and value in letters)." The seal of the consulate must be affixed at the end of each certificate and on each sheet of the invoice, otherwise they shall be null.
Art. 5. When the legalization is made by a foreign consular agent, it shall be valid when drawn up conformably to his administrative form and when made by a chamber of commerce or by merchants it shall be valid when drawn up conformably to the regulations of the country of origin, or of any other country, provided that the number of sheets and the quantity of the packages be sufficiently certified.
Art. 6. Consuls, vice-consuls, and consular agents of Salvador must keep two of the three copies of the invoices in their possession, and must give receipt therefor to the interested party. They shall remit to the latter the third copy in order that the consignee may, at the port of destination, annex the same to the bills of lading.
One of the copies retained by the consuls must be transmitted to the admin- istrator of the maritime custom house at the place of destination and, when pos- sible, by the same vessel carrying the goods, and the other must be sent by them, by the next mail, to the direction general of the treasury. These two copies must be sent under sealed envelopes.
When the legalization was not made by a consular agent of the Republic the
62 SALVADOR.
copies of the invoice to be transmitted to the customs and to the direction gen- eral of the treasury, as above described, must be sent by the interested party.
Art. 7. A register shall be kept in every consular office of the Republic in which an extract of the authenticated invoices must be entered, and an abstract of this register must be transmitted half-yearly to the minister of finance.
Art. 8. Consuls, vice-consuls, and consular agents shall collect a fee of 2 pesos 50 centavos for the authentication of each series of invoices; this fee they must share with the consul-general of the Republic accredited to the country of their residence.
Art. 9. Invoices for samples and those the amount of which does not exceed 100 pesos shall be exempt from the consular fee, provided, however, that the ium has not been apportioned among various invoices in order to reduce the total amount.
Art. 10. The customs of the Republic can not effect the verification of goods when the consignee has not produced the consular invoice.
Should the consular invoice which the consignee must produce miscarry or be delayed, the examination of the goods may, nevertheless, be effected with the control of the copy received by the customs, or in default of the latter, by the one transmitted to the direction general of the treasury.
Art. 11. If for plausible reasons neither of the two documents above alluded to can be furnished, the verification may likewise be effected by furnishing, instead of the invoice, a written declaration giving the details of the goods, and pro- vided that a bond be given guaranteeing the presentation of an invoice in good and due form within a short delay.
No bond shall be exacted for invoices not exceeding 100 pesos in amount.
The immediate verification may likewise be effected when the owner of goods, requiring them absolutely, is not in possession of the required documents or when it is impossible for him to make the detailed declaration alluded to in the pre- ceding paragraph. In such case the verification must be effected by all of the "contadoreo-vistas " and the administrator of customs.
Art. 12. Should part of the packages declared in an invoice not be found at arrival, owing to an omission at the time of shipment, such packages may be declared afterwards by furnishing a duly legalized copy or an extract of the original invoice.
Art. 13. The administrator of customs who permits the verification of goods by neglecting the observance of the formalities prescribed by the present law shall, for every case, incur a fine of 100 pesos.
Art. 14. The prescriptions of the present law relative to consuls, vice-consuls, and consular agents shall likewise be applicable to consuls-general.
SALVADOR. 63
Art, 15. The present decree shall enter into force three months after its pro- mulgation for goods imported via Panama or proceeding from the Pacific coast, and six months after, for goods imported via the Strait of Magellan. Given in the Legislative Palace, San Salvador, April 7, 1893.
Antonio J. Castro,
Le President.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The metric system of weights and measures was estabHshed in Salvador by decree dated 1st of January, 1886, but it has been found very difficult to induce the people to recognize the change, and with few and rare exceptions the old weights and measures continue in general use. They are as follows :
Salvador. United States.
Libra = i. 0127 pounds.
Arroba = 25. 3175 pounds.
Quintal =101. 2700 pounds.
Cantara = 4 cuartillas = 4. 2631 gallons.
Botella =^ o. 766 quart.
Fanega = 4 cuartillas =: 1.5745 bushels.
The vara, which is the standard measure of length, -was fixed by decree of 14th of February, 1865, at .836 meter or 2^ feet, and the manzana of land as 100 varas square =: 1.726 acres. In com- merce there are certain denominations in current use, such as the serron of indigo =: 150 libras; that of tobacco z= 125 libras, and a carga, or load for a mule = 8 arrobas.
UNITED STATES CONSULS IN SALVADOR.
San Salvador Alexander L. Pollock Consul.
San Salvador Guillermo J. Dawson Vice-consul.
Acajutla Andrew A. Oliver Consular agent.
La Libertad Emilio Courtade Consular agent.
La Union John B. Courtade Consular agent.
Santa Ana H. M. Klein Acting agent.
CONSULS OF SALVADOR IN THE UNITED STATES.
New York Samuel Bo3^d Consul-general.
New York Ernesto Schernikow. Vice-consul.
Boston J. C. Blume y Corbacho Consul.
San Francisco Carlos F. Irigoyen . . . .' Consul.
San Diego Herman Welisch Consul.
Chapter X.
MONEY, BANKING, AND REVENUE.
The monetary unit has until recently been the silver dollar, which was divided into —
2 Tostones = 50 cents
4 Pesetas '^ 25 cents
8 Reales = i2]4. cents
16 Medios ^ 6^ cents
32 Cuartillos = 3}i cents
Divided also as a money of account into loo centavos, or cents. In small transactions, particularly in the markets, it has been cus- toniary to divide the cuartillo into 2 raciones= i^ cents, and the racion into 2 medias of three-quarters cent.
In the scarcity of national coins, gold and silver of different countries has been in circulation, particularly those of Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Mexico, United States, France, and England, also some German gold coins. Custom has determined the value placed on these foreign moneys, except in the case of those whose equivalent has been so well known as to be invariable.
The peso was reputed as equal to 5 francs, French; 5 liras, Italian; 5 pesetas, Spanish; 4 shillings, English; 4 marcs, German; and 1 dollar. United States.
The decimal system was adopted by law February 17, 1883, and made obligatory on January 1, 1886, but the people continue to make use of the old Spanish coins and methods of reckoning. The most effective step for the establishment of a national coinage
64
SALVADOR. 65
was the making of a contract by the Government with an English company, organized under the name of the Central- American Mint, Limited, in accordance with which the said company has built and equipped a mint which is perfect in all respects, and possesses some of the finest machinery in the world. It was for- mally inaugurated with great ceremony by the President of the Republic on the 28th of August, 1892. Salvador is naturally proud of the institution, as it will fill a long-felt want by providing it with a national coinage which will be a boon to commerce and the country generally. Immediately following the opening of the mint, the Government took another important step and established a gold standard. This is a matter of such importance to the country, and will have such a far-reaching effect on commerce, that a literal translation of the law and the decree making pro- vision for carrying it into effect is given, as follows :
Provisions of the Bill on Monetary Reform introduced on September 13, 18.92, IN THE Congress of Salvador by the Minister of the Treasury AND Public Credit, passed September 30, 1892.
1. Gold shall be the standard. There will be a gold coin called peso, which shall weigh 1.612903 grams, and will be the unit. The multiples and submul- tiples of the peso shall be according to the decimal system.
2. Coins, inferior and subsidiary, shall be silver and copper or nickel, in the following proportions —
Silver: 25 grams of silver for one gold peso. Copper or nickel: 1.333333 for one gold cent.
All the coins shall be national money, and shall be coined by the Government and for its benefit.
3. The revenues as well as the expenses of the Government shall be estimated in the new national gold coin, the value of the silver to be calculated according to the rates it may reach at the time in the New York Exchange.
4. Until sufficient quantity of the national gold coin is in circulation in the country, taxes and all debts due to the Government may be paid in the national currency, or in foreign gold coin, or in silver coin admitted to circulation, but in the latter case the value of the silver shall be fixed as above said, and an additional charge of 5 per cent on the tax shall be made.
Bull. 58 5
66 SALVADOR.
Salaries and expenses of all kinds shall be paid by the Government in the same way; but 70 per cent of the salaries and 60 per cent of all other expenses shall be paid, unless ad interim, in either gold or silver national coin.
5. The value of silver fixed as above mentioned shall be published by the Government, in the Official journal, on the 15th of each month. But during the period of two months subsequent to the date in which this bill becomes a law, 60 per cent shall be the legal rate.
During said period 70 per cent of all customs duties, and taxes on liquor, shall be paid in gold, or its equivalent in silver at the said rate of 60 per cent.
6. Coins not gold shall be issued by the Government to the amount of 500,000 pesos, as follows:
125,000 pesos in silver pieces of 20, 10, and 5 cents each. 25,000 pesos in pieces of copper or nickel, from 1 to J cents each.
250,000 pesos in pieces of 100 cents each.
200,000 pesos in pieces of 50 cents each.
Coins of the value of one dollar and half a dollar may be represented by gold certificates issued by some bank in the Republic, on its own responsibility, redeemable at par on demand. The issue of these certificates shall be controlled by the Government.
7. The fineness of the coin shall be 0.900. But subsidiary silver coins shall continue to have the fineness of 0.835. "^^^ fineness of the pieces of copper and nickel will be 1.875 ^^^ °-635, respectively.
8. Until a sufficient quantity of the new national gold coin is put in circula- tion, foreign gold coins shall be a legal tender at the following rates :
American and Spanish gold at par ; English and Mexican, 97 per cent ; French, 96 per cent; German, 95 per cent.
9. The Government is given authority to make all necessary arrangements with the mint to carry these provisions into effect.
10. The present law does not affect any transaction or contract of anterior date.
11. All former laws in opposition to these provisions are repealed.
PROVISIONS TO CARRY THE LAW INTO EFFECT.
By executive decree of the Government of Salvador, issued on October 21, 1892, in pursuance of the law enacted on the 30th of September of the same year, which is the one introduced on the 13th of the same month as a "Bill on monetary reform," the following was ordered:
1. Gold coins of 10, 15, and 20 dollars shall be coined, with the weight, fineness, etc., provided by the law aforesaid.
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Silver auxiliary coins shall be of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cents.
Minor coins, inferior in value to 5 cents, shall be in circulation only to the
amount of $25,000, the coinage of which was entrusted to contractors by the
last administration.
2. As long as the new gold coins are not either coined in the country or imported from abroad in sufficient^ quantity to properly meet the necessities of circulation the Government shall grant authority to some of the banks now in existence to issue notes from $1 to $100 each, payable in gold, which shall be a legal tender at par, redeemable on presentation to the bank either with national gold coin or with foreign gold coin, at the rates which shall be established by law, or with a national silver coin at the rate of 170 silver dollars for 100 gold dollars.
The silver in this way obtained shall be shipped to such foreign places as may afford more advantageius opportunities to sell it; and the proceeds of the sale shall be invested in gold bullion, which in its turn shall be coined either abroad or at Salvador.
3. Auxiliary gold coins shall be coined only to the amount of $1,000,000. But gold coins inferior in value to 50 cents shall not exceed $500,000, These coins will be used mainly for the purpose of withdrawing the present silver coins from circulation. They will be exchanged for silver at the rate above fixed.
4. To facilitate the conversion of the silver coins now in circulation into gold coins, the Government will make an allowance of 1 5 per cent on all payments to be made in the custom-houses during six month subsequent to this decree, when made in gold, provided, however, that the amount paid is not less than $100.
5. The payment of all taxes and customs duties except the export duties on coffee shall be paid in gold or in the notes above created, at 70 per cent on the valuation or assessment, but during the first six months subsequent to the pro- mulgation of this decree maybe paid also in silver at 75 per cent discount.
6. Drafts and bonds on the custom-houses shall continue to be received in payment at their face value, as if they were silver coins.
7. During the same period of six months the Government will be authorized to pay all its expenses in silver coins or in gold, or notes. After the six months are elapsed the payments shall be in gold or its equivalent at the rate above fixed.
8. The value of foreign gold coins in relation to the Salvadorean will be as follows :
United States coins, 4 per cent premium; English, Spanish, or Mexican coins, 1 per cent premium; French coins and all gold coins of the Latin Union (Italy, Belgium, Switzerland, and Greece) at par. German coins, 99 per cent, or l per cent discount.
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9. Nothing in this decree shall be construed as to effect the obligations and contracts in existence.
10. One year after the promulgation of this decree all values shall be fixed in gold.
Such a radical change as is brought about by this law could not of course be carried out without some difficulty, and although the Government has strenuously endeavored to enforce it, it has so far been only partially successful and it will take some time to put it in full operation.
BANKING.
The banks of Salvador are the International, founded in August, 1 8^0, with a capital of $ 1 ,800,000 (silver); the Occidental, founded in the city of Santa Ana in 1889, with a capital of $1,000,000 (silver), which has also a branch in the city of San Salvador ; and the Salvadorefio, founded in 1892, with a capital of $1,000,000 There is also the private bank of Messrs. B lanes & Trigueros, founded in 1835, whose capital is estimated at $1,500,000. In 1893 ^^^ Bank of Nicaragua opened a branch office in the city of San Salvador and is now doing business under the same conditions as the other banks. These banks are all doing a good business and are paying large dividends. It is also reported that certain concessions and privileges have been granted by the Government to the firm of Linares & Co., of Barcelona, Spain, for the estab- lishment of a national bank in Salvador with a capital of ^1,000,000 sterling (gold). Concessions were also granted in 1892 for the establishment of a mortgage bank, but so far nothing has been done toward carrying them into effect.
REVENUE AND PUBLIC DEBT.
. Previous to the year 1887 considerable confusion existed in the financial affairs of the country, but on March 23 of that year a decree was issued creating a commission for the purpose of classi- fying and taking measures for the liquidation of the public debt.
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The result was that in October, 1888, when the work was com- pleted, the internal debt was found to amount to $6,670,736,36, in addition to which there was a foreign debt of $1,000,000 which had been incurred on account of railroad concessions.
Notwithstanding, great expenses incurred by the Government during the internal troubles in 1890 and the war with Guatemala, the internal debt had in 1891 been reduced to $5,496,400, and on the 1st of January, 1893, it was stated at $3,614,000. The foreign debt, which consists of a loan made in England, the pro- ceeds of which were used in railroad investments, at the beginning of 1892, amounted to $2,175,000, but on the 1st of January, 1893, had been reduce^ to $1,954,012. The value of the bonds on the London market had at the same period risen from 50 to 75 per cent.
On the 13th of July, 1893, the Government published a project for an internal loan of $ 1,000,000 silver, offering to pay a premium of 10 per cent and interest at 12 per cent per annum, the bonds to be redeemable by a new tax of 10 cents on each bottle of rum sold in the country to the amount of one-half and the other half by 10 per cent of the customs duties.
Dollars.
Revenue for 1892 6,895,702.65
Expenditures ;
For various branches of the administration 4, 052, 073. 12
For reduction of debt, consolidated and floating,
and payment of interest 2, 732, 456. 30
6, 784, 529. 42
Surplus Ill, 173. 23
Chapter XL
TRANSPORTATION, TELEGRAPHS, AND MAILS.
Salvador has in operation a railroad extending from the seaport of Acajutla to La Ceiba or Colon, 53 miles in length. It connects the city of Sonsonate and the smaller towns of Armenia and Ateos with Acajutla, and only 8 miles are wanting to reach Santa Tecla (New San Salvador). The section between La Ceiba and Santa Tecla, which is now being constructed, is the most difficult on the whole line, on account of the character of the ground. The exca- vation of three tunnels and an outlay of $400,000 will be necessary to complete it to Santa Tecla, which will complete the connection between the city of San Salvador and Acajutla, as there has been for some time a horse railroad in operation between the capital and Santa Tecla, which has now been changed to a steam railroad of uniform gauge with the main line. The gauge of the road is 3 feet and the weight of the rails 40 pounds per yard. The rails were imported from England, but the locomotives and rolling stock are from the United States. The Government owns the road, having purchased it from the builders for $1,460,000. The receipts for the year 1892 amounted to $i9i,55'8.5o, and the expenses to $138,876.14, leaving a net profit of $52,682.36. The facilities for landing at Acajutla are not good, in consequence of the smallness of the pier and wharf and the sTiallowness of the water. It is the intention of the Government to extend the rail- road about a mile westward, and will probably build a new pier
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and wharf at Puerto Viejo, where there is deeper water. The wharf charges for use of the piers at Acajutla and La Libertad are as follows : '
Dollars.
Packages of merchandise of all kinds per quintal . . o. 34
Machiner}', lead, iron unmanufactured, steel, wheels, nails, tools, shovels, scales,
axes, tin plate, iron safes, and hardware of all kinds per quintal. . . 25;
Cacao, tea, matches, wax, paper, linseed oil, paints, sardines, earthenware, per- fumery, drugs, salt, cheese, hams and other provisions, cement, tar, cordage, barley, potatoes, corks, boilers, preserved provisions, and other small pack- ages per quintal . . .30
Flour do 20
Liquors of all kinds, oil, Florida water, and bottled beer, in cases, per 12 bottles. . 10
Liquors of all kinds, in barrels do 08
Liquors of all kinds, in jugs or demijohns, oil, in similar packages or in tins,
per 12 bottles 20
Furniture of all kinds per quintal , . .50
Hats, of rush, felt, or straw do. ... i. 00
Pianos each . . 6. 00
Carriages :
Four wheels do. ... 12. 00
Two wheels do
Horses do
Fowls do
Passengers do
Baggage per quintal.. .25
Cattle each . . i. 00
Indigo per quintal. . . 40
Tobacco do 16
Balsam do 48
Hides do 25
Cotton do 25
Coffee do 15
Sugar :
Brown do 08
White do 12
Rice, starch, corn, and beans do 06
Rebozos (scarfs) do. . . . i. 00
Mats and hats of palm leaf, and sarsaparilla do . . t .50
Cigars do. ... .50
India rubber do 20
Water, ballast, and timber do 06
Dyewoods do 06
Wood for building do 06
Coin per cent. . f
Gold and silver bullion do. ... i
8.00
5- 00
I. 00
•50
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Other articles, not mentioned, shall be classed with those to which they are most similar.
A railroad is in course of construction, which will extend fi-om Ateos, where it connects with the Acajutla road, to the city of Santa Ana, a distance of about 39 miles, of which 13 miles has been completed, and the rails laid, leaving 26 miles upon which- work is steadily progressing. The Government is building this road and devotes to its construction a tax of 25 cents on each package, bale, or case of goods imported through the ports of Acajutla, La Libertad, and La Union. This tax produces about $30,000 per month. The gauge of the road and the weight of the rails are similar to those of the Acajutla railroad.
Congress has recently granted a concession to build a tramway, 6 miles in length, between the cities of Sonsonate and Izalco. It has also granted a concession to M. Armand Blanchard, a French engineer, for the construction ot a wharf at the port of La Union and a railway from thence to the city of San Miguel, a distance of 36 miles. By its terms, the Government guarantees to M. Blanchard, for forty-five years, 6 per cent interest on the cost of the wharf and railroad, estimated at the rate of $40,000, gold, per mile ; after ninety-nine years, the Government to become the owner of the wharf and road ; the rolling stock to be purchased according to mutual valuation. M. Blanchard can extend the road from San Miguel to San Salvador, if he chooses, the gauge of the road and weight of the rails to be similar to the Acajutla line. As M. Blanchard has also a concession from the Govern- ment of Honduras to build a railroad from Ampala to Teguci- galpa, the Congress of Salvador grants him the privilege of con- nepting the Salvador and Honduras lines by a branch to be built along the shore of the bay of La Union.
A concession has also been granted for the construction of a railroad from the port of La Libertad to San Salvador.
There are four steamship lines running regularly to the ports
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of Salvador, The Pacific Mail Steamship Company, The Kosmos, The Otis, and The North American Steamship Company. The Pacific Mail Company formerly received a subsidy of $24,000 per annum, but by a recent contract that is reduced to $20,000, the company securing a reduction in the number of persons having a right to free passage. The passenger tariff from La Union to New York is now placed at $1 10, and from other ports $1 15, and to San Francisco $75 from any of the ports. Under this contract the steamers are to touch at the port of El Triumfo. To induce immigration, the Government offers to refund one-half of the pas- sage money to all immigrants presenting a printed or written con- tract with the Governrnxcnt or its agents, or a certificate of a consul of Salvador in which they agree to settle in the country. The Kosmos and Otis lines each receive from the Government $4,800 per annum for carrying the mails. The contract with the North American Steamship Company of San Francisco grants exemp- tion from all port charges and taxes on their vessels touching at Salvadorean ports, in consideration of the said company carrying the mails without remuneration.
The port charges at all the ports of Salvador are : Entry, $5 to $15; tonnage, 15 cents per ton.
TELEGRAPHS.
Within the past two years a considerable extension has taken place in the telegraph system; old lines have been thoroughly repaired and new ones constructed. During the year 1892, 108 miles of wire have been added and 15 new offices established. The existing lines, as reported in June, 1893, aggregate 2,421 miles. There were also on that date 321 miles of telephone lines. Comm.unication with the telegraph systems of the world is had by connection with the submarine cable at La Libertad. The net rev- enue derived from these sources in 1892, after payment of expenses, amounted to $375534-76, showing an increase of $ 1 2,878.32 over ihe preceding year.
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MAILS.
The Post-office Department is perfectly organized and is in excellent condition. Salvador entered the Universal Postal Union in 1879. In 1891 the mails carried 1,654,341 pieces, and in 1892 the number increased to 1,781,589 pieces. On the 1st of July, 1893, a convention went into operation which had been concluded between the United States and Salvador for the establishment of a postal money-order system between the two countries. A parcels post convention had previously been negotiated and concluded with the United States in June, 1889. ^^ ^^^^ contains many regulations, the knowledge of which will be useful to shippers, it is given in full in Appendix C.
Appendix A.
POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SALVADOR, i8»6.
Title I. — The Nation and the Form of Its Government.
Article, i. The Salvadorian Nation is sovereien and independent and can never be the patrimony ot any family or person.
The sovereignty is inalienable and cannot be lost by time. It is limited to what is honest, just, and useful to society. It is vested in the whole body of the Salvadorian people, ana no section of the country or group of individuals" can attribute it to themselves.
Art. 2. All public power emanates from the people. The functionaries of the State are delegates of the people and have no more powers than those expressly given to them by law. It is by law that they legislate, exercise execu- tive functions, and act judicially; it is through it that obedience and respect is due to them ; and it is in accordance with its principles that they must give an account for their actions.
Art. 3. The territory of Salvador has for its limits the following: On the east, the Gulf of Fonseca ; on the north, the Republics of Guatemala and Hon- duras ; on the west, the River Paz ; and on the south, the Pacific Ocean. The special demarcation of the boundary lines shall be made by law.
Art. 4. The Government of the Salvadorian Nation is republican, demo- cratic, representative, and alternative. It is vested in three different powers independent ot each other, which shall be known as Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. f
Title II. — Rights and Guaranties.
Art. 5. No hereditary offices or privileges are recognized in the Republic.
All property is transferable in the manner and form prescribed by the laws, and therefore all kinds of entailments or mortmain are prohibited.
Art. 6. No taxes shall be levied unless by virtue of a law and for the public service.
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Art. 7. All persons exercising any public office are directly and immediately responsible for the acts done by them in the exercise of their functions. The law shall fix the manner and form of enforcing this responsibility.
Art. 8. Salvador recognizes that there are lights and duties anterior and superior to the positive laws, having liberty, equality, and fraternity as princi- ples, and family, labor, property, and public order as basis.
Art. 9. All the inhabitants of Salvador have an indisputable right to preserve and defend their life, liberty, and property, and to dispose freely of their prop- erty in conformity with the law.
Art. 10. Every man in the Republic is free. No one who enters its territory can be a slave, nor can any one dealing in slaves be a Salvadorian citizen.
Art, 11. The Republic is a sacred asylum for all foreigners who may be willing to reside in its territory, unless when accused of common offenses and claimed by some nation in compliance with treaties in which extradition has been provided for. The extradition can not be allowed in any case against the natives of the country, nor in the case of foreigners for political offenses, even if a common crime has resulted from such offense.
Art. 12. The free exercise of all religions, without any other restriction than morals or public order, is guarantied. No religious act shall serve to establish the civil status of a person.
Ari. 13. All persons have the right to stay in whatever place they may deem advisable, to travel freely, to emigrate from the country, and to return to it without a passport, except in case of a final judicial sentence and without preju- dice to the provisions made in Article 28 of this Constitution.
Art. 14. The inhabitants of Salvador can meet and associate with each other peacefully, and without arms, for any lawful purpose.
Art. 15; No person can be compelled to do work or render personal service without just compensation and without his full consent, except in those cases of public necessity or utility. The law cannot authorize any act or contract having for its object the loss or the irrevocable sacrifice of human liberty, whether for labor purposes, ediilation, or religious vows. Neither can it authorize agree- ments by which a man covenants his own proscription or exile.
Art. )6. Every person has the right to address petitions to the lawfully con- stituted authorities, provided that they are made in a decorous manner; also to have a decision made on the said petitions and to be informed of the action taken on the same.
Art. 17. No person who has the free disposition or management of his prop- erty can be deprived, of the right to terminate his civil contentions by compro- mise or arbitration. As to those persons who have not the said free disposition
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and manageinetit of their property, the law shall fix the cases and requisites in which said compromise and arbitration can be resorted to.
Art. i8. Confiscation of property, whether as a penalty or in any other character, is forbidden. The authorities who may violate this provision shall answer at all times with their persons and property for the damages done. Con- fiscated property can not be acquired by adverse possession.
Art. 19. The penalty of death shall not be applied except for very grave crimes, purely military, committed on the field, and designated by the military code; and also for the crimes of parricide, murder, arson, or larceny, if death supervenes.
Penalties for life, flogging, and all kinds of torture are forbidden.
Art. 20. No person can be deprived of his life, liberty, or property without being previously given a hearing and sentence in proper form, agreeable to law ; nor can anyone be subject to trial, civilly or criminally, \twice for the same cause.
Art. 21. The searching ot the person can never be made, except for the pur- pose of preventing any offense from being committed, or in the course of an investigation.
The domicile is inviolable and the invasion of it cannot be decreed unless for the purpose of investigating the circumstances and authors of criminal offenses, or in prosecution of the offenders, but this shall be done in the manner and form, and in the cases provided by law.
Art. 22. No person shall be tried in any other jurisdiction than that in which the offense was committed, except in the cases provided by law, or in those in which the courts are authorized by law to designate some other jurisdiction.
Art. 23. All men are equal before the law.
Art. 24. The laws can not have any retroactive effect, except in criminal matters, and in case that the new law is favorable to the offender.
Art. 25. No person can be tried except under laws passed previous to the commission of the offense, or by any court which has been previously estab- lished by the same law.
Art. 26. The same judge can not take cognizance of ^he same case in differ- ent instances.
Art. 27. No power or authority can ever assume jurisdiction over judicial cases still pending, neither can they reopen decided cases.
Art. 28. Neither the Executive Power, nor the Judicial, nor any other author- ity whatever can issue orders of detention or imprisonment unless it is in con- formity with the law. Such orders shall always be in writing, except in criminal matters, when the offender is caught in the act, in which case he can be detained by any person to be immediately delivered to the respective authorities. The
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SALVADOR.
detention for the purpose of investigation shall not last longer than 48 hours, and the investigating judge is bound within said period either to decree the release of the detained person, or his provisional arrest.
Art. 29. Every man can freely express, write, print, and publish his thoughts without previous examination , censorship, or bonds; but shall be responsible before the jury for any offense committed in that way.
Art. 30. Correspondence by letter and telegraph is inviolable. Correspon- dence shall never be intercepted, nor can it be used as evidence in any kind of investigation.
Art. 31. Property of whatever nature is inviolable. No person can be deprived of his property except for public use fully demonstrated, and upon previous indemnification. When the condemnation of the property is due to necessities of war the indemnification can not be previous.
Art. 32. No permanent corporati-on, whether civil or ecclesiastic, whatever its character, denomination, or purpose may be, shall have legal capacity to hold real estate or manage it for its own use, except only when the property is destined immediately and directly to the service and purpose of the institution.
Art. 33. Teaching is free. Primary instruction is compulsory. The instruc- tion given in the establishments supported by the State shall be laical and gratu- itous, and shall be subject to the proper regulations.
Art. 34. All industries are free, and no monopoly to the profit of the Nation under the management of the Executive shall be established, except on brandies, saltpetre, and gunpowder. There will be no monopoly, or prohibition of any kind, under cover of protection to industry; but matters relative to the coining of money and the privileges granted for limited times, according to law, to inven- tors or authors of improvements in any industry, shall be excepted.
Art. 35. The right of association is guaranteed, but the establishment of con- ventual congregation and all kinds of monastic institutions is forbidden.
Art. 36. The right of insurrection shall produce in no case the abrogation of the lavvs, and its effects shall be confined to removing, as far as necessary, the personnel of the Goveaament and appointing pro tempore the new persons who must fill the places until the appointments are made in the regular form estab- lished by the Constitution.
Art. 37. Every person has the right to_ ask and obtain protection (amparo) from the Supreme Court of Justice or- the Chamber of Second Instance, when- ever any authority or private individual restricts his personal liberty or the exercise of any individual rights guaranteed by the present Constitution. A special law shall regulate the manner and form of exercising this right.
Art. 38. No one of the powers created by the present Constitution shall have authority to conclude or approve treaties or conventions by which the form
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of government herein provided shall be in any way altered, or by which the integrity of the territory or the national sovereignty shall be abridged ; this to be understood without prejudice to the provisions made in article 151 of the present Constitution.
Art. 39. Neither the Legislative nor the Executive power, nor any tribunal, authority, or person whatever shall have authority to abridge, alter, or violate the constitutional guaranties without becoming thereby liable to respond in the manner and form established by law. A law concerning a state of siege shall determine the guaranties which can be suspended and the cases in which the suspension can take place.
Art. 40. The rights and guaranties enumerated in the present Constitution shall never be construed as a denial or refusal of other rights and guaranties not enumerated, but depending upon the principle of the sovereignty of the people and the republican form of government.
Title III. — Salvadorians.
Art. 41. Salvadorians are such either by birth gr by naturalization. Art. 42. The following persons are Salvadorians by birth :
1. Those born in the territory of Salvador, except the children of aliens not naturalized.
2. The legitimate children of an alien man and a Salvadorian woman born in the territory of Salvador, if within a year subsequent to the date in which they reach majority they fail to declare before the respective governor that they choose the nationality of their father; the legitimate children of a Salvadorian man and an alien woman, and the illegitimate children of a Salvadorian woman and an alien if they have been born in Salvador.
3. The legitimate children of a Salvadorian man and the illegitimate of a Salvadorian woman, when born in a foreign country and not naturalized in it.«
4. The descendants of children of aliens, or of an alien and a Salvadorian woman, if born in Salvador.
Art. 43. Salvadorians by naturalization are those who, in accordance with the laws up to the present time enforced, have already acquired this quality, and those who in the future shall obtain the same according to the following rules : .
1. The Hispano- Americans who obtain letters of naturalization from the respective departmental governor, but said governor shall grant these letters only upon evidence of good behavior on the part of the applicant.
2. Aliens who apply for naturalization to the same authority and obtain it from him by proving good behavior and two years of residence in Salvador.
3. All persons who obtain naturalization papers from the legislative body.
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4. All persons who have acquired naturalization pursuant to article 48 of the present Constitution.
Art. 44. All Central Americans who declare before the respective governor their desire to be Salvadorians shall be considered naturalized citizens of Salvador.
Title IV. — Aliens.
Art. 45. Aliens are strictly bound from the moment of their arrival in the territory of the Republic to respect the authorities and comply with the laws; and they also acquire at the same time the right to be protected.
Art. 46. Neither Salvadorians nor aliens shall be entitled in any case to claim from the Government indemnity of any kind for damages and injuries done to their persons or property by factions, but their rights are left free to claim against the guilty officials or private persons.
Art. 47. Aliens can acquire all kinds of property, but their property shall not be exempted from the ordinary or extraordinary burden which may be estab- lished by law upon the property of Salvadorians.
Art. 48. An alien by the fact of his accepting a public office with salary, unless it is in the militia or in a branch of public instruction, abandons his nationality and becomes naturalized in Salvador.
Art. 49. No international compact shall be entered into by which the provi- sions of the present title are in any way modified.
Art. 50. Aliens shall be subject to a special law, to be enacted hereafter.
Title V. — Citizenship.
Art. 51. All Salvadorians over 18 years of age and those who have not reached that age but are married, or who have obtained some literary degree, are citizens.
Art. 52. The rights of citizenship are suspended:
1. By an order of arrest in criminal proceedings where no bail can be admitted.
2. By notorious bad behavior.
3. By mental derangement.
4. By judicial injunctions.
5. By the refusal to fulfill, without sufficient and just cause, a position of pop- ular election. The suspension in this tase shall continue during the whole period the said position ought to have been filled.
6. By judicial sentence which so orders. Art. 53.. The rights of citizenship are lost:
1. By convicts sentenced to suffer a penalty which carries with it the loss of citizenship.
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2. By those who have been convicted and sentenced for a grave offense.
3. By those who have become naturalized in a foreign country.
4. By those who, while residing in the Republic, accept offices from other nations without permission of the Legislative Power.
5. By those who sell their vote in the elections.
6. By those who, subscribing to acts or proclamations, or through other direct means, promote or assist in the reelection of the President of the Republic.
7. By the functionaries who, while exercising public authority, civil or mili- tary, restrict the liberty of suff"rage.
TiTi^ VI. — The Legislative Power.
Art. 54. The Legislative Power is vested in a body called the National Assembly of Deputies.
Art. 55. The Legislative body shall meet regularly, without the necessity of being called for that purpose, in the capital of the Republic, between the first and fifteenth of February of each year, but it shall meet in extra session when- ever called to that effect by the Executive Power, with the advice of the Council of Ministers. The Assembly may hold its sessions in any other place whenever it may so resolve.
Art. 56. The number of its ordinary sessions shall not exceed forty, and the /% number of extraordinary ones shall be such as may be required to dispose of the subjects within its jurisdiction submitted to it by the Executive.
Art. 57. Three representatives assembled in a preparatory committee have the power to take immediately all the steps necessary to secure the full attend- ance of the other members of the Assembly.
Art. 58. A majority of the members of the Assembly shall be sufficient to deliberate, but no decision can be reached when less than two-thirds of the members are present, if two-thirds of the present ones do not consent to it.
Art. 59. The members of the Assembly shall be renewed every year, but .^v they can be reelected.
Art. 60. No Deputy shall be elected who is not over twenty-five years of ■ age, a Salvadorian citizen, a man of recognized honesty and instruction, whose rights of citizenship have not been lost during the period of five years previous to the election, and a native or resident of the department which elects him.
Art. 61. No contractor of public works or services of any class paid or sup- ported out of funds of the Government, and no person who has any personal interest claim arising out of said contracts, can be elected Deputy. Nor can the official salaried employes appointed by the Executive be elected deputies until the expiration of six months to be counted from the day their position was vacated.
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82 SALVAVOR.
/\ Art. 62. Alternate deputies require the same qualifications as the regular ones.
Art. 63. Deputies cannot be appointed for any office during the time of their term of service, except in case they are called to form part of the cabinet, or to be diplomatic representatives of the country, or when the office has no salary.
Art. 64. The representatives of the Nation are inviolable. Consequently no Deputy shall be held responsible at any time for his opinions expressed ver- bally or in writing.
Art. 65. No civil proceeding of any kind shall be initiated or prosecuted against the representatives of the Nation from the day of their election until the expiration of 15 days to be counted from the adjournment of the Legislative Power.
If any representative commits a grave oifense between the day of the election and the day of adjournment, he shall be tried by the Assembly for the sole pur- pose of expelling him if guilty, and submitting him then to the ordinary courts.
If the offense is not grave, but is a simple misdemeanor, committed during the same period, the representative shall be tried by the competent court; but he can ndt be detained or arrested or summoned to testify until after the adjourn- ment.
If the offense committed by the representative is grave, but anterior to the date of the election, the Assembly shall have the power, upon the proper inves- tigation of the fact, to annul the election and submit the guilty party to the competent courts.
If, during the time of the sessions, a representative is caught in the act of committing a crime or offense, any private person or authority shall have the power to detain him and place him, within 24 hours, at the disposal of the Assembly.
Art. 66. The provisions of the two preceding articles are equally applicable to the constitutional conventions.
Art. 67. The following corresponds to the National Assembly :
1. To be thd judge of the election of its own members, and accept or reject their credentials.
2. To admit the resignations of their members made or tendered upon reasons lawfully provided.
3. To enforce against them a proper responsibility in the cases provided for by the present Constitution.
4. To call the altfernate deputies to replace the regular ones in case of death, resignation, or inability of the latter.
5. To make rules for its interior government.
Art. 68. The following are the duties of the Legislative Power:
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1. To open and close its sessions, and agree to the terms in which the message of the President of the Republic is to be answered.
2. To open the envelopes containing the votes for President and Vice-Presi- dent of the Republic, and to count the said votes by means of a committee of its members.
3. To declare the election of the said functionaries upon the report of the committee, said committee to be required to express also whether the persons elected have or have not the qualifications required by law.
4. To give the President and Vice-President of the Republic possession of iheir offices; to administer to them the constitutional oath of office; to take cognizance of their resignation and to grant or refuse them leaves of absence.
5. To elect by popular vote the justices of the Supreme Court of Justice and the comptrollers of the Treasury ; to administer to them the constitutional oath of office, and to take cognizance of their resignation.
6. To receive and examine the report and documents to be submitted to it by the Executive through the respective ministers, in pursuance of clause 25 of the present article.
7. To designate three persons who shall exercise the Executive Power in the cases established' by the present Constitution, provided that said persons shall have the same qualifications as are required to be President of the Republic. The designation herein spoken of may be made in favor of members of Congress.
8. To decide in cases of doubt, or in regard to information given to it about the inability of the President or Vice-President of the Republic, and of the election of officers of the same Assembly to fulfill their positions.
9. To enact, interpret, amend, and repeal secondary laws.
10. To establish territorial jurisdictions and place at the head thereof the proper functionaries, who, in the name of the Republic, shall take cognizance of all classes of cases and causes, civil or criminal, try them, and settle them by sentence.
11. To define the powers and jurisdiction of the different functionaries.
12. To levy taxes and imposts on all classes of property and revenues, this to be done in due proportion if the taxes or imposts are direct ; and in cases of invasion or war legally declared, to decree forced loans in the same proportion,if the ordi- nary public revenue is not sufficient, or if no voluntary loan can be obtained.
13. To authorize the Executive Power to contract voluntary loans, either at home or abroad, when a grave and urgent necessity may demand it. The loans contracted in compliance with this article shall be submitted to the approval of the Legislative Power.
14. To make annually the proper appropriation to meet the expenses of the Government; but the disbursement of the public revenue shall be made in such
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a way as to give preference to public instruction, the administration of justice, and to the police.
15. To grant, upon due examination of the services rendered, the rank of lieutenant-colonel and others superior to it.
16. To fix the coat-of-arms and the flag of the Republic.
17. To establish the fineness, weight, and type of the national coin, and to regulate the weights and measures.
18. To grant to persons or towns titles, honors, and rewards compatible with the established system of government for great services rendered to the country. •
19. To fix, increase, or decrease the amount of the salaries to be paid to the employees or functionaries, and to create and abolish offices. But the decrees increasing the salaries of the Supreme, Legislative, and Executive Power shall not go into effect until the next period.
20. To grant rewards or privileges for a certain time to the authors of useful inventions, or to those who introduce in the country some industry of general utility or who make improvements on the same.
21. To decree the existence of a state of war upon the evidence submitted to it by the Executive Power.
22. To grant amnesties and pardons, but the latter shall not be issued except upon report and favorable recommendation from the Supreme Court of Justice.
23. To declare by decree a state of siege in the cases and for the causes which a law of constitutional character shall fix, the said siege to be raised when pro- vided by' the same law.
24. To restore the rights of citizenship to those who have lost it.
25. To approve or disapprove the acts of the Executive.
26. To enact laws in acknowledgment of the national debt and to create and appropriate such funds as may be required for its payment.
27. To grant or refuse Salvadorians the permission to accept offices from other nations if compatible with the system of government of Salvador.
28. To grant or refuse naturalization to aliens who may request it.
29. To ratify, amend, or reject the treaties or conventions entered into by the Executive with other nations ; but no treaty or convention which in any way restricts or affects the exercise of the right of insurrection, or which violates any constitutional provision shall ever be ratified.
30. To allow or disallow the transit of troops of other countries through the territory of the Republic.
31. To try cases of impeachment of the officials of superior rank in the manner and form provided by Title XIII of the present Constitution.
Art. 6g. When the National Assembly meets in extra session it shall deal with
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no other subjects than those over which it has competent jurisdiction and which have been submitted to it by the Executive.
Art. 70. No faculty of the National Assembly can be delegated, except the one of giving possession of their respective offices to the President and Vice- President of the Republic, the justices of the Supreme Court, and the Comp- trollers of the Treasury. The decrees or resolutions passed in violation of this article shall be null and void, notwithstanding any reason on which they may be founded; and the violaters of this article shall be subject to the responsibility which the present Constitution shall provide.
Art. 71. The initiative of legislation belongs exclusively to the Deputies, the President of the Republic, through his ministers, and the Supreme Court of Justice.
Art. 72. All bills, after having been discussed and passed, shall be transmitted for approval to the Executive Power, who shall give his sanction to it and shall cause it to be published . as law, if he has no objection to it. The Executive Power can not make any remarks or refuse his approval to the resolutions of the National Assembly when passed in the exercise of the powers granted to it in article 67 ahd in clauses 3, 5, 7, 8, 25, and 31 of article 68 of the present Con- stitution.
Art. 73. When the Executive shall find it unadvisable to approve the bills passed by the Assembly and submitted to him, he shall return them to the Assembly within the period of eight days with a statement of his reasons for refusing his approval; but if within the period above mentioned, the Executive does not return the bills, the latter shall be taken and considered as approved, and shall be published as laws by the Executive. In case that a bill is returned, the Assembly shall discuss it again, and if ratified by a two-thirds vote, it shall be sent to the Executive, who shall have to consider it as , law, approve, and publish it.
When the Assembly passes a law during the last days of its session, and the Executive has not the full legal time during which he can return it with his objections, the Executive shall be bound to give immediate information of the fact to the Assembly, in order that it may remain in session until the expiration of the time above mentioned. If he should fail to do so, the bill shall be con- sidered as approved.
Art. 74. No bill rejected or not ratified can be introduced again during the same session of the Assembly, but the introduction of the same shall be per- mitted in the following session.
Art. 75. All bills passed shall be engrossed in triplicate, each copy to be signed by the President and Secretaries of the Assembly. One copy shall.be left on file and the other two shall be forwarded to the Executive.
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Art. 76. Upon the receipt by the Executive of the said two copies, if no objection to the bill is found, his signature shall be affixed to both copies. One shall be left on file and the other shall be returned to the Assembly. The Exec- utive shall publish the approved bill within 8 days.
Art. ']']. The same formalities provided for the enactment and approval of the laws shall be followed for the purpose of interpreting, amending, or repeal- ing their provisions.
Art. 78. No law shall be binding except upon its having been solemnly pro- mulgated. In order to give binding force to a law of permanent character a lapse of 12 days after its promulgation shall be required. The provisions of the present article are not applicable to the laws making appointments or declar- ing the result ot elections.
Art. 79. No bill which has not been introduced in the Assembly by the Supreme Court of Justice, but deals with matters tending to reform or repeal any provision contained in the codes of the Republic, shall be discussed without listening to the opinion of the said Supreme Court, and this opinion shall be given either during the same session of the Assembly or in the following year, as the importance, urgency, or scope of the bill may demand. This provision is not applicable to the laws concerning political, economical, or Executive order.
Title VII. — The Executive Power.
Art. 80. The Executive Power shall be vested in a citizen who shah Have the title of President of the Republic, and shall be assisted by the respective minis- ters. He shall be elected by the Salvadorian people; but. when not elected by an absolute majority of votes, he shall be elected by nominal vote of the Assembly, which shall choose him out of the three citizens who have obtained the largest number of votes.
Art. 81. There shall be a Vice-President elected in the same manner and form as the President, and he will fill his place in case of death, resignation, removal, or any other impediment. When there is no Vice-President the Exec- utive Power shall devolve on one of the three designados * in the order in which they have been appointed. If the legislative power is in session and the appoint- ment of the said designados has become inoperative, the Assembly shall make the election.
Art. 82. The term of office of the President shall be four years. A citizen who has been President of the Republic can not be reelected or elected Vice- President antil after the expiration of a second period of four years. The
*The designados are the candidates who have obtained the highest number of votes, respectively.
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Presidential term shall begin and end on the first of March of the respective year. The President shall not have power to act one day longer.
The citizen who has acted as constitutional President during the last six months of the period mentioned in the preceding clause can not be elected to be President for the following period.
Art. 83. To be President or Vice-President of the Republic it shall be required to be a Salvadorian by birth, a layman, over 30 years of age, in full possession of the rights of citizenship, without having lost the same during the five years preceding the election, and a person of well-known honesty and learning.
Art. 84. The citizen who fills the position of President of the Republic shall be also the commandant-general of the army.
Art. 85. For the transaction of public business there shall be at the most four ministers or secretaries of state, among whom the President of the Republic shall distribute, at his discretion, the different branches of the Governm^t.
Art. 86. To be Secretary of State, it shall be required to be a native and a resident of the Republic, over twenty-five years of age, of well-known honesty and aptitude, in possession of his rights of citizenship without having lost them during the period of five years previous to his appointment, not a contractor of public works or services, and not a claimant in his own name against the Government.
Citizens of the other Republics of Central America having the qualifications required in the foregoing paragraph, who have been residents of Salvador during five years, can also be appointed ministers. The position of Minister or Secre- tary of State is incompatible with all others.
Art. 87. All decrees, decisions, orders, and rules made by the President of the Republic shall be authorized and communicated by the respective ministers or secretaries, or, in their absence, by the assistant secretaries, who shall have the same qualifications as are required of the secretaries. Those which have not been authorized and communicated in this way shall not be obeyed.
Art. 88. The ministers shall attend the sessions of the Assembly whenever they may be called to do so, and they shall answer the interpellations which may be made to them; but they shall withdraw before the vote is taken.
Art. 89. The President of the Republic and his secretaries or assistant sec- retaries are jointly responsible for the acts authorized by them. The secretaries and assistant secretaries shall not be exempted from a responsibility by having saved their own vote.
Art. 90. The duties of the Executive Power are as follows:
1. To preserve the sovereignty and independence of the Republic and the integrity of its territory.
2. To preserve peace in the Republic.
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3. To publish the laws and cause them to be enforced.
4. To submit to the legislative body through his respective ministers, within eight days subsequent to the opening of its session, a full report of the acts of his administration during the last year, and also an estimate of the expenses to run the Government during the next year, together with the proper suggestions as to the manner of meeting said expenses. If, within the period just named, the respective minister has not complied with the duty herein referred to, the said minister shall become, by the same act, suspended from his office, and the Executive shall be notified immediately in order that he may within the next eight days and through another minister, appointed for that purpose, submit the report and estimates above named; and if this is not done the President of the Republic shall then be suspended also, and the functions of the Executive Power shall devolve upon the person called to it by the present constitution, and said person shall then submit the report and estimates within twenty days. In this case the Legislative Power may extend the time of their sessions for an equal period.
5. To give the Assembly all the information it may desire; but if the matter about which information is asked is secret, he shall explain this fact. If the Assembly in spite of this explanation deems it necessary to know the facts, the Executive Power shall be bound to, furnish the informntion, except where it relates to plans of war or political negotiations, in which secrecy is indispensable. But if the required information is to be used for the purpose of impeaching him, he can not, refuse it on any grounds. Neither can he reserve any document after he has been impeached before the Assembly.
6. To give the funcjionaries of the judicial power all the assistance necessary to enforce their decisions.
Art. 91. The faculties of the Executive Power are the following:
1. To appoint and remove the secretaries of state, the governors of a depart- ment, the officers ot the army, and all the executive officers whose appointment is not reserved to some other authority, but who are elected by the people; and to accept their resignation.
2. To organize the army ot the Republic, and to grant military ranks up to and including the rank of captain.
3. To conduct the foreign relations of the Republic, to appoint and remove the diplomatic ministers and agents of all classes, and the consuls and consular agents, and to receive the ministers of other nations.
4. To call, with the advice of the Council of Ministers, the members of the Assembly to. meet in extra session whenever the great interests of the nation may demand it, and in this case the alternates shall be called to replace the members of the Assembly who may have died or are legally unable to attend.
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.5. To designate before the reunion of the legislative power the place where the meetings must be held, if the place designated by law for this purpose does not offer the conditions of safety or freedom of action which are required.
6. To conduct war and make peace, submitting immediately to the ratifica- tion of the legislative power the treaty entered into for the latter purpose.
7. To conclude treaties and all other diplomatic negotiations and submit them to the ratification of the Assembly.
8. To call to the service such force additional to the standing army as may be required to repel invasion or put down rebellion.
9. To designate those ports which shall be of entry, to close them to foreign commerce, to establish custom-houses, and to nationalize and register vessels.
10. To grant commutations of penalties upon report; and favorable recom- mendation of the Supreme Court of Justice.
11. To return, with his remarks, any bill which may be transmitted to him by the Legislative Power, in pursuance of article 72 of the present constitution.
1 2. To make rules and regulations and issue decrees and orders for the pur- pose of facilitating and securing the execution of the laws, and make also rules for its interior government.
13. To promote public instruction in all the branches of human knowledge by making the proper provisions and following the proper methods.
14. To decree the construction and improvement of roads and other ways of communication; but the contracts made for the construction of wharves, railroads, and canals shall have no effect until they are approved by the Legisla- tive Power.
15. To restore, during the recess of the Legislative Power, the rights of citi- zenship to those who have lost them ; but in no case shall he have power to do so in regard to employees appointed by him who have lost the rights of citizen- ship in consequence of an offence committed in the exercise of their functions,
16. To decree, with the advice of the Council of Ministers, during the recess of the Legislative Power, a state of siege. In this case he shall be bound to report this fact to the Legislative Power "at its next meeting, explain the causes which induced him to do so, and report the action taken by him in consequence thereof in the exercise of the faculties gran ted. him by law in such cases. The undue continuation of a state of siege constitutes a crime of lesa nacion (treason to the nation).
17. To use, during the recess of the Assembly, the powers given to the latter in clauses 27 and 28 of article 68 of the present constitution. But he shall be bound to report his action to- the same assembly during the extraordinary session.
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Art. 92. The President is forbidden to leave the territory of the Republic without permission of the Legislative Power, unless when required by the neces- sities of war; but in both cases he shall have to deposit the supreme command in the person designated by law.
Art. 93. All decrees, orders, and decisions made by the Executive Power in excess of the faculties given him by the present constitution shall be null and shall not be obeyed even if issued with the intention so expressed of submitting them thereafter to the Legislative Power for approval.
Title VIII. — The Judicial Foicer.
Art. 94. The Judicial Power shall be vested in a Supreme Court of Justice, in Chambers of Third and Second Instance, and in all other tribunals and infe- rior courts established by the present Constitution.
Art. 95. There shall be in the capital of the Republic a Chamber of Third Instance, consisting of three justices, and there shall be furthermore two Cham- bers of Second Instance, consisting each of two justices. The Chamber of Third Instance shall be presided over by a Chief Justice, and the other two chambers shall have for their president the justice elected by them for that purpose. These three chambers, united and presided over by the Chief Justice, shall form the Supreme Court of Justice. In this tribunal the majority of votes of its members shall be sufficient to make a valid decision, and in case of equal vote the Chief Justice shall decide. The functions of the Chief Justice are : To preside over the sessions of the tribunal, to conduct the ordinary proceedings of the cases subject to its iurisdiction, and to exercise all other powers and faculties estab- lished by the judiciary act. In the absence or inability of the Chief Justice, his position shall be filled by the justices in the order of their appointment. In the cases pending in the Third Instance, the proceedings shall be conducted by the first justice, and in his absence bv the second.
Art. 96. -JFne Chamber of Second Instance, consisting of two justices, shall be established and sit in the city of San Miguel. Another of the same kind shall be established and sit in the city of Santa Ana, and a further one in Cojutepeque. The justices first elected for each one of these chambers shall act as president thereof. When the Legislative Power may deem it advisable, one of the chambers of Second Instance established at the capital shall be trans- ferred to the department of San Vicente.
Art. 97. There shall be ten alternate justices, four to serve in the Chambers of the capital and two for each one of the other Chambers, and they shall enter on the exercise of their functions indiscriminately whenever they may be called to do so under the law.
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Art. 98. To be a justice or ah alternate the following qualifications are required :
1. To be a native-born citizen of the Republic or a Central American, natu- ralized in it.
2. To be in the full enjoyment of the rights of citizenship without having lost the same during the five years preceding the election.
3. To be over 30 years of age.
4. To be a lawyer of the Republic.
5. To be a person of well-known learning and honesty.
6. To have practiced law for four years in Salvador or served as judge of First Instance in the Republic for two years.
Notwithstanding the provision contained in clause 1 of this article, aliens naturalized in Salvador may be appointed justices if they have made their law studies in the Republic and have all the other qualifications required by this article.
Art. 99. No person can be appointed justice of the Supreme Court or of one chamber if he is a relative within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity, whether legitimate or illegitimate, or the second degree of legitimate affinity, of another member of the same tribunal.
Art. 100. The justices and their alternates shall serve for two years, but they may be reelected.
Art. 101. The Chamber of Third Instance shall take cognizance of all the cases which, according to law, fall under its jurisdiction.
The Chambers of Second Instance shall take cognizance on appeal of all civil and criminal cases wherein a sentence has been passed by the judge of First- Instance, and furthermore of ' all the other cases falling under their respective jurisdiction, which shall be circumscribed in the following way : The Chamber of the Western Section shall take cognizance of the cases belonging to the department of Santa Ana, Sonsonate, and Ahuachapan; that of the First Section of the Center shall have the department of San Salvador and Chalatenango; that of the Second Section of the Center shall have the departments of La Liber- tad and La Paz; that of the Third Section shall have the departments of Cuz- catlan. Cabanas, and San Vicente; and that of the Eastern Section shall have the departments of San Miguel, Gotera, La Uni6n, and Usulutan.
In case that new departments or districts are established, the Legislative Power shall designate the court under whose respective jurisdiction they are to be placed.
Art. 102. The powers of the Supreme Court are the following:
1. To make rules for its interior government and for the government of the Chambers of Second and Third Instance.
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2. To appoint the judge who has to takecognizance of matters affecting the Treasury, the justices of First Instance, the Attorney-General, the District Attorneys, the Solicitors for the Poor in the capital, and all subaltern officers of the court; to receive their resignations and act upon them, and to grant leaves of absence.
3. To make visits ot inspection, by means oi one of its justices, to all tribu- nals and courts, in order to correct anv irregularity v/hich may be found to exist in the administration of justice.
4. To make use of its right to initiate legislation by addressing directly to the Legislative Power, and setting forth the objections which may exist against any law or the obstacles which have been found to its proper execution, and suggesting the reforms which, in its opinion, must be made,
5. To exercise the functions entrusted to it by the present Constitution in the Title called "Responsibility of the Public Functionaries."
6. To admit students to the practice of law and to debar for cause those lawyers already admitted, temporarily or permanently, for prior fraud, unpro- fessional behavior, or notorious immoral conduct. The same power shall be exercised in regard to the functionaries called escribanos publicos.
7. To appoint associate judges in the cases provided by law.
8. To take cognizance of all prize cases and of all others not specially reserved to some other authority.
9. To decide questions of jurisdiction which may arise between the tribunals or courts of all kinds.
10. To watch incessantly that justice is promptly and faithfully administered.
1 1. To grant and enforce the writ o'i aviparo, established by article 37 of the present Constitution, in such cases and in such manner as provided by law.
12. To administer either directly, or by means of the functionaries delegated by it for that purpose, the constitutional oath or affirmation to be taken by the judges of First Instance and by the other employees appointed by it in taking possession ot their offices, and also to the assistant judges appointed to form or complete a tribunal in the cases established by law.
13. To prepare and submit to the Legislative Body the annual estimate of the expenses of the administration of justice.
All other powers of the Supreme Court of Justice shall be established by law.
Art. 103. The powers set forth in clauses 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the preceding article shall belong also to the Chambers of Second Instance which do not sit in the capita], and said Chambers shall have the further power of appointing the respective District Attorney, the Solicitor for the Poor, the Physicians to do service in legal cases, and the employees of their own offices. They shall also listen to the accusations and informations made against the functionaries in
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regard to whom the Supreme Court has the power to decide whether they must or must not be submitted to trial; but the Chambers herein referred to shall confine their action to make the proper investigation and submit the record thereof to the Supreme Court.
Art. 104. The power to make judicial decisions and enforce them belongs exclusively to the Chambers of Second and Third Instance and to the inferior courts.
Art. 105. There shall be judges of First Instance, regular and alternate, who shall take cognizance of and give decisions in all civil and criminal cases in all the chief towns of the departments. The Supreme Court of Justice, acting in accord with the Executive, shall also have the power to establish these courts of First Instance in the chief town of the district if such is deemed advisable to facilitate the good administration of justice. The judges of First Instance shall be appointed for two ye^rs and can be reelected.
Art. 106. To be a judge of First Instance it shall be required: To be a citi- zen in the full exercise of his rights as such, and a resident for two years of Sal- vador, a lawyer of the Republic, over twenty-one years of age, a man of well- known honesty and learning, and not to have lost the rights of citizenship dur- ing the two years preceding his appointment.
Art. 107. The Supreme Court of Justice, acting in accord with the Execu- tive, shall establish, whenever deemed necessary, in the chief towns of the depart- ments or of the districts, judges of First Instance, who shall take cognizance sep- arately of civil and criminal cases.
Art. 108. There shall be a jury in all places having a judge of First Instance, and that jury shall be called to convene in all cases of criminal offences which, according to law, fall under its jurisdiction. A special law shall be enacted making the necessary provisions in regard to this institution.
Art. 109. There shall be justices of the peace in all the towns of the Repub- lic; their number, election, qualification, and power shall be fixed by law.
Art. 1 10. The positions of justice of a court, and of judge of First Instance are incompatible with any other salaried office under the Executive or the Legisla- tive Powers. This provision is not applicable to the alternate' justices or judges when not exercising judicial functions ; but if they accept some office incompat- ible with the said functions, their appointment as alternate justice shall, by the same act, be forfeited.
Title IX. — The Departmental and Local Government.
Art. 111. For the purposes of political administration, the territory of the Republic shall be divided into departments, whose number and limits shall be
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fixed by law. Each one of these departments shall have a governor and an alternate governor, both of them appointed by the Executive.
Art. 1 12. To be a governor or his alternate, the following qualifications are required : To be a citizen in the exercise of his rights as such, without having lost said rights during the two years preceding the appointment ; to be over twenty-five years of age ; and to be a person of competent learning and integ- rity.
Art. 113. The local government of the towns shall be vested in the munici- pal bodies elected directly by the citizens residing therein. Each municipal body shall consist of one Alcalde, one Syndic, and two or more aldermen, the number of the latter to be fixed according to the population, as may be estab- lished by law.
Art. 1 14. The municipal councils shall manage their own funds to the benefit of the community, and shall render an account of their. management to the tri- bunal established by law.
Art. 115. The powers of the municipal bodies, which shall be purely eco- nomical and executive, and the qualifications required to be elected members of the same, shall be determined by law.
Art. 116. In addition to the faculties vested by law in the municipal bodies in general, the special power of commuting sentences passed upon persons con- victed of misdemeanors, shall be granted to the municipal bodies established in the chief towns.
Art. 1 17. The municipal bodies shall be entirely independent in the exercise of their functions, but they shall be held responsible for their actions either as corporations or individuals, as the case may be. The subaltern employes of the municipal bodies shall be appointed by them without intervention of any other authority.
Art. 118. The power to appoint and remove members of the police, which shall be a civil body, shall belong to the municipal bodies; but in the capital of the Republic this power shall be exercised by the Executive, who shall have the supreme direction of this branch of the service. A law of secondary character shall regulate the institution.
/ Title X. — The Elections.
Art. 119. The President of the Republic, the Vice-President, and the Dep- uties shall be elected by the people directly.
Art, 120. In these elections all the citizens shall have a direct vote.
Art. 121. The right of suffrage can not be given up and its exercise is oblig- atory.
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Art. 122. The right of suffrage shall be exercised by all the Salvadorean cit- izens. The exercise of this right shall be regulated by law.
Art. 123. The basis of the electoral system is the population, and until a correct census is taken the present political division of the Republic into depart- ments, districts, and cantons shall prevail.
Art. 124. Each department shall elect three deputies and two alternates, but when the census spoken of in the preceding article is taken then there shall be a deputy and an alternate for each \ 5,000 inhabitants.
Art. 1 25. No minister of any religion whatever shall be elected for any posi- tion to be given by popular vote.
Art. 126. A special law shall regulate the matter of elections.
Title XI. — The National Treasury.
Art. 127. The public Treasury of the Nation is formed as follows:
1. By its whole property, real and personal.
2. By all the debts due it.
3. By the duties, taxes, and imposts paid and to be paid in the future by Salvadorians and aliens.
Art. 128. For the management of the public moneys there shall be a general Treasury, which shall collect and disburse the funds, and a Superior Tribunal of Accounts or Board of Comptrollers, which shall examine and pass all the accounts given by those who manage public moneys.
Art. 1 29. The general Treasury shall publish every month the condition of the funds managed by it, and the Comptroller's office shall publish annually a general statement of all the revenue.
Art. 130. No sum can be taken out of the Treasury or be paid or adjudi- cated unless the disbursement is previously authorized by law. The law shall fix the revenue and the expenses of the Nation. No disbursement made against the provisions of this Constitution shall render the officer who made it respon- sible for it, said responsibility to be shared also by the one who executed the order, if he does not succeed in proving himself not guilty.
Art. 131. The Executive shall have no power to enter into cc^ntracts involving responsibility on the part of the national funds without previously publishing in the official paper the proposal received to that effect, said proposal to be disposed (.»f at public auction. The contracts made to meet some necessity of war, and those which, by their own nature, can not be made except with certain persons, are excepted from the operatio,n of this prohibition.
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Title XII.— 7"/;.^ Armed Force.
Art. 132. The armed force is established for the preservation of the integrity of the Salvadorean territory, to preserve and defend the national autonomy, to enforce the law, to preserve public order, and to cause the constitutional guar- anties to be a fact.
Art. 133. The armed force is essentially obedient, and it has not the power to deliberate in matters of military service.
Art. 134. In case of war all able-bodied Salvadorians from 18 to 50 years of age are soldiers.
Art. 135. The army of the Republic shall consist of the standing regular army, of the militia, and of the national navy. Each town shall contribute to its formation in proportion to the number of its inhabitants.
Xhe designation of the men who must compose the army shall be made by lot. The standing army in time of peace shall be fixed every year by the legislature, and shall be limited to what is strictly necessary to protect the ports, places, and warehouses of war.
Art. 136.' The privileges involved in what is called d fuero de guerra shall belong only to those individuals of the army of the Republic who are in actual service, and only in criminal cases for offences purely military. Attractive juris- diction is hereby abolished.
The selection of the members of the council of war established by military law shall be made by lot from the officers free to do service according to law.
Art. 137. The proper appeals and legal remedies from or against the decisions of the councils of war shall be taken to the Commandant-General of the Republic, or to the respective superior officer in the field.
Title XIII. — The Responsibility of the Public Functionaries.
Art. 138. Every functionary, whether civil or military, shall, in taking posses- sion of his office, take an oath or affirmation upon his word of honor to be faithful to the Republic, to comply with the constitution and cause it to be com- plied with, and to abide by its provisions in spite of any law, decree, order, Or resolution to the contrary, and shall promise also to comply faithfully with the duties of his office for the violation of which he shall be held responsible with his person and property.
Art. 139. The President of the Republic or the Acting President, the jus- tices and ministers or secretaries of state, and the assistant secretaries when act- ing as seci-etaries, the diplomatic ministers and the governors of the departments shall be held responsible before the Assembly for any expressed violation of the Constitution, or for any offence committed by them in the exercise of their func-
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tions. The Assembly after hearing the judge-advocate selected from its members and the accused officer, if present, and if not present his special counsel, shall declare whether there is sufficient evidence to begin a trial. In the affirmative case, the record of the steps taken shall be sent to the first Chamber of Second Instance of the capital in order that it may pass the proper sentence and an appeal to the Chamber of Third Instance shall be given against this sentence. Every person has the right to give information of the offences spoken of in this article, and also to prosecute the same if he has the qualifications required by law for such action.
The Deputies shall be tried in the same cases, and under the same formalities by the Assembly itself.
Art. 140. The representatives shall be tried in the manner provided for in article 65 of the present Constitution, for common crimes and misdemeanors committed by them during the session of the legislative body. If any of the functionaries enumerated in the preceding article should commit a common offence, he shall be accused or denounced before the Assembly, which, following the same course of proceedings established in the same article, shall declare whether the case must or must not be tried, and if the resolution is in the affirmative, the offender shall be submitted to the ordinary courts.
Art. 141. The Comptrollers of the Treasury, the judge for matters belong- ing to the Treasury, the Judges of First Instance, the Justices of the Peace, and all other functionaries indicated by law, shall be tried for offences committed in the exercise of their functions by the Supreme Court of Justice. The trial have for its object to submit the offender to the ordinary tribunals in case there is sufficient evidence to convict him. For common offences and misde- meanors the above-mentioned officials shall be subject to the ordinary course of proceedings.
Art. 142. As soon as either the Assembly or the Supreme Court of Justice, as the case may be, declares that a trial must be held, the offender shall be sus- pended from the exercise of his functions, and under no consideration whatever shall he be allowed to remain any longer in his position without becoming guilty of usurpation of authority, and no person shall be bound to obey him. If the sentence acquits him, the impeached official shall return to the exercise of his office, but if he is adjudged guilty he shall be by the same fact discharged.
Art. 143. The decrees, rules, and sentences of the Assembly made in this class of cases shall be complied with and executed, without any necessity of approval or affirmation of any kind.
Art. 144. Whenever the Executive Power in sending to the Assembly the reports of the ministers or secretaries of state omits something which, according to law, ought to be embraced in the same, the Assembly shall give it the proper Bull. 58 7
98 SALVADOR.
notice in order that it may comply with its duties in this respect, but if the Executive fails to do so, the measures spoken of in clause 4, article 90 of the present constitution shall be resorted to.
Art. 145. The statute of limitations shall begin to be counted for official offences and misdemeanors from the date on which the guilty functionary ceased in the exercise of his duties.
Art. 146. The representatives of the Constitutional Conventions shall be sub- ject exactly to the same proceedings, as far as their trial is concerned, as the members of the Legislative Body. In this case the resolution by which the trial is ordered shall be passed by the Constitutional Convention itself, and the Con- vention shall appoint a committee of its members to conduct the proper investi- gation and act in everything necessary in accordance with its rules.
Art. 147. If on the adjournment of the Legislative Power no sentence has been passed as yet on any case of this kind pending before it, it shall delegate its powers to the special committee consisting of seven members, which shall sit during the adjournment, and shall decide in conformity with the provisions of this title.
Title XIV. — The Reform of the Constitution and Constitutional Laws.
Art. 148. The reform of the present Constitution shall be undertaken only upon resolution passed by two-thirds of the votes of the representatives elected for the Assembly, and this resolution shall express the article or articles which must be reformed. The resolution shall be published in the official newspapers, and shall be considered again in the session of the Assembly of the following year. If ratified by the Assembly a Constitutional Convention consisting of three delegates for each department shall be called to meet, in order to decide about the reform suggested. But it is hereby declared that in no case shall Articles 80, 8r, and 82 prohibiting the reelection of the President, Vice-Presi- dent, and designados, and concerning the duration of the Presidential term be reformed.
Art. 149. The laws of the public press, the state of siege, the writ of amparo, and the general elections shall be considered constitutional.
They may be reformed either by the Constitutional Convention, or by the ordinary assembly by a two-thirds vote; but in the latter case the reform shall have no binding force until it has been ratified by the legislative body in the ordinary session of the following year by the same number of votes.
Art. 150. All other manner or method of reforming the Constitution or con- stitutional laws different from those provided for in the preceding articles is illegal and void.
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Title XV'. — General Provisions.
Art. 151. As Salvador is a segregated portion of the Republic of" Central America, it is left in aptitude to concur with any or all the states which belong to the latter, in the organization of a national government when circumstances may permit it, and when its interests may be promoted by it.. The same thing shall be understood in reference to the Latin American Confederation.
Art. 152. The Constitution of December 6, 1883, is hereby absolutely repealed. / a 7./.
National Palace, San Salvador, August, Tvt-, 1886.
Appendix B.
LAW RELATING TO ALIENS.
The National Constitutional Convention of the Republic of Salvador, con- sidering that it is of great importance for the preservation of good relations with other countries to give prompt and due fulfillment to the provisions of Article 50 of the Constitution, has decreed as follows:
LAW RELATING TO ALIENS.
Chapter. I. — Salvadorians and Aliens.
Article 1. All persons enumerated in Articles 42, 43, and 44 of the Con- stitution, are Salvadorians by birth or naturalization. Art. 2. The following are aliens :
1. All persons born outside of the national territory, subject to a foreign gov- ernment and not naturalized in Salvador.
2. The children of an alien father, or of an alien mother and father unknown, born in the territory of the Republic, until they reach that age in which, accord- ing to the laws of the nationality of the father or of the mother, as the case may be, the period of their minority ceases. But, if these persons allow a year to elapse after their having reached the age of majority, and fail during that time to declare before the Governor of the department in which they reside their desire to retain the nationality of their parents, they shall be considered Salvadorians.
3. The Salvadorian woman who marries an alien shall retain the nationality of her husband, even during her widowhood. If the marriage has been dis- solved, the Salvadorian woman, who is such by birth, may recover her Salvado- rian nationality, by establishing her residence in the Republic, and declaring before the respective Governor her decision to recover her former allegiance.
The Salvadorian wife, who, according to the laws of the country to which her husband belongs, does not acquire his nationality by virtue of the marriage, shall retain her own. 100
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Any change in the nationality of the husband, subsequent to the marriage, entails the same change in the nationality of the wife and of the minor children subject to parental authority; provided that the said wife and minor children reside in the country where the husband or father became naturalized. But this rule shall be subject to the exception established in the preceding paragraph.
4. Salvadorians naturalized in other countries and residing therein.
5. Salvadorians in the official service of a foreign government, in any capacity, political, judicial, or diplomatic, without the permission of the legislative power required by No. 4, Article 53, of the Constitution.
Art. 3. In order to fix what is to be understood by "place of birth," in the cases set forth in the preceding article, it is hereby declared that national vessels, without distinction of any kind, are a portion of the national territory, and that all persons born on board said vessels shall be considered as born within the Republic.
Art. 4. By virtue of the benefit of extraterritoriality enjoyed by diplomatic agents, the children of the ministers and of all other officers of the Legations of the Republic accredited to foreign countries shall, if born in said countries, be considered as born in Salvador.
Art. 5. The nationality of corporations shall be regulated by the law which gave them their existence. Therefore, all those organized in conformity to the laws of the Republic, and having in it a legal domicile, shall be Salvadorian.
Foreign corporations shall enjoy in Salvador the same rights as are granted to them by the laws of the country in which they have their domicile, provided that these laws are not contrary^to the laws of the nation.
Chapter W.— Expatriation and Naturalization.
Art. 6. The Republic of Salvador recognizes the right of expatriation as nat- ural and inherent to every man, and as necessary for the enjoyment of individual liberty. Therefore, as she allows her citizens to exercise this right by permit- ting them to leave her territory and settle in a foreign country, so, also, she protects the use of the same right by aliens of every nationality who come to settle within her jurisdiction. As a consequence thereof, she receives the subjects and citizens of other nations and naturalizes them according to the provisions of the Constitution and the present law.
Art. 7. The expatriation of a Salvadorian criminal and his consequent nat- uralization in a foreign country do not exempt him from extradition, trial, and punishment, according to the treaties, international usages, and the laws of the country.
Art. 8. Persons naturalized in Salvador, even if residing in foreign countries.
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have the same right to the protection of the Government of the Republic, either in regard to their persons or to their property, as the native-born Salva- dorian citizen; but this does not prevent them, if they return to the country of origin, from being subject to the responsibilities therein incurred by them under the laws previous to their naturalization.
Art. 9. The Salvadorian Government shall protect by the means authorized by international law all Salvadorian citizens abroad. The Executive power shall, as it may deerp advisable, make use of said means, if no act of hostility is involved in them ; but if diplomatic intervention is not enough, or if the means resorted to prove to be insufficient, or if the wrongs done to the Salva- dorian nation are of such a gravity as to require measures of a more severe • character, then the Executive power shall report the facts to the legislative for the proper constitutional action.
Art. 10. The naturalization of an alien becomes forfeited by his residence in the country of origin for two years, unless that residence is due to the fulfill- ment of any official commission from the Salvadorian Government, or has been taken with its permission.
Art. 1 1. Every alien who fulfills the requisites established in Article 43 of the Constitution can be naturalized in the Republic, provided, that he makes an application therefor in writing, and that he makes in it the renunciation and. the protest to which the following article refers.
Art. 12. Naturalization implies the renunciation of all submission, obedi- . ence, and fidelity to all foreign governments, and especially to the government to which the naturalized citizen owed allegiance. It also implies the renuncia- tion both of all kind of protection foreign to the laws and authorities of Salva- dor, and. of all the rights that are granted aliens either by treaty or by interna- tional law. It implies furthermore the promise, or oath of allegiance, obedience, and submission to the laws and authorities of the Republic.
Art. 13. No naturalization papers shall be issued in favor of subjects or citi- zens of a nation with which the Republic is at war.
Art. 14. Said papers shall not be granted to any person reputed and judi- cially declared in other countries to be pirates, slave-dealers, incendiaries, coun- terfeiters of money, bank notes, or any other paper used as currency, miir- derers, kidnappers, and thieves. Naturalization fraudulently obtained by an alien in violation of the law is by full right null and void.
Art. 15. Naturalization papers, or certificates, shall be issued gratuitously, and no fee of any kind, whether under the head of expenses, recording, stamping, or any other name, shall ever be charged therefor.
Art. 16. Naturalization being a personal act, the candidate can not be rep- resented by an attorney, unless the latter has a full special power executed in
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his favor; but this provision does not apply to any case in which the naturali- zation takes place by the mere operation of the law. Under no circumstances can the actual residence of the candidate within the limits of the Republic be supplied by an attorney.
Art. 17. The national character, whether as a citizen or an alien, is not transferable; consequently, a citizen can not enjoy the rights of an alien, nor can an alien enjoy the prerogatives of a citizen, by reason of a transfer.
Art. 18. The change of nationality has no retroactive effect. The acquisi- tion as well as the restoration of Salvadorian citizenship does not take effect until one day after the date of the decree which granted them. ^ Art. 19. Colonists who may arrive in the future, either at their own expense or imported by private companies or associations, and immigrants of all kinds, may become naturalized in the country, according to the provisions of the Con- stitution. Colonists heretofore settled shall be subject to the same provisions, if they do not conflict with the rights acquired by them under their contracts.
Art. 20. The naturalized alien shall become a Salvadorian citizen as soon as he has the quahflcations required by article 51 of the Constitution, and then his rights and obligations shall be the same as those of the native-born Salva- dorians. Nevertheless, he will not be qualified to serve' those positions which, according to the Constitution, require citizenship by birth.
Chapter III. — Matriculation audits Effects.
Art. 21. The matriculation of aliens consists in the inscription of their names and nationalities in a book opened for that purpose in the Department of Foreign Relations of the Republic.
Art. 22. An alien who wishes to matriculate and finds himself in the capitol of the Republic, must make his application to the Department of Foreign Relations; but, if he finds himself elsewhere, the application shall be made to the governor of the respective department. His nationality shall be proved by either of the following documents, namely :
1. A certificate of the respective diplomatic or consular agent accredited in the Republic, showing that the applicant is a native of the country represented by said official.
2. The passport with which the applicant came to the Republic, if fully authenticated.
3. The certificate of his naturalization, authenticated also in due form. Upon sufficient evidence of the destruction or loss of this certificate, or of the fact that the issuing thereof is not necessary under the laws of the country where the naturalization took place, the applicant shall be permitted to produce second- ary evidence of the fact of his naturalization.
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Art.- 23. Upon the report made by the respective authorities to the Depart- ment of Foreign Relations, and the proof of the nationality of the applicant, the inscription of his name shall be made on the register, and a proper certifi- cate shall be sent to the applicant, upon the payment of five francs (one dollar), as a matriculation fee, to be paid only once.
Art. 24. The matriculation constitutes only a legal presumption of the nationality claimed under it. It admits, therefore, of evidence in rebuttal.
Art. 25. The direct evidence of matriculation shall consist in the certificate above provided for, issued and signed by the Secretary of Foreign Relations, who is the only competent authority to issue it.
Art. 26. No public authority or functionary can recognize the nationality oft an alien, unless upon the proper presentation of his certificate of matriculation.
Art. 27. The certificate of matriculation shall not be sufficient to support any right or privilege claimed under it, if the said right or privilege is anterior to the date of the certificate.
Art. 28. The different national character which distinguishes the aliens from each others and is, proved by the certificate of matriculation, gives them certain privileges and imposes upon them certain special obligations. The said privi- leges, in their strict meaning, are called by the laws of the Republic " rights of aliens."
Art. 29. The rights of aliens are: (1) That of invoking the treaties and con- ventions which may be in force between Salvador and the nation to which the alien belongs; (2) that of asking protection, through diplomatic methods, of the foreign power to which the alien owns allegiance; (3) that of enjoying the benefits of reciprocity.
Art. 30. The legal condition of the matriculated alien under the rights or privileges above referred to, is changed by the renunciation of the same rights and privileges made by the interested parties, and, also, by the existence of a state of war between Salvador and the country to which the alien belongs.
Art. 31. The renunciation can be either expressed or implied. It shall be expressed when it is set forth in the stipulation made between the Government and the alien. And it is implied when the alien deliberately performs some act by which he submits himself to any law of Salvador which grants him a favor on condition that the renunciation is made, or which presupposes it.
Chapter IV. — Rights and Duties of Aliens.
Art. 32. Aliens are subject to the provisions of Title iv of the Constitution and to the law of March 3, 1877. They enjoy the guarantees granted in Title II of the same Constitution, limited, however, by the faculty of the exec-
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utive power to expel from the country pernicious foreigners. The proceedings in the latter case shall always be simply executive.
Art. 33. Aliens shall also enjoy all the civil rights belonging to Salvadorians; but the legislative power may modify or abridge said rights under the principal of reciprocity, so as to make aliens residing in the Republic subject to the same disqualification that the laws of their country impose upon the Salvadorians residing therein.
Art. 34. Aliens can, without losing their nationality, domicile themselves in the Republic for all the purposes of law. The acquisition, change, or loss of the domicile is regulated by the laws of Salvador.
. Art. 35. Whenever the individual guarantees may be declared suspended, as permitted by the law on the state of siege, the aliens, as well as the citizens, shall remain subject to the requirements of the law which ordered the suspen- sion; but nothing in this provision shall be construed as to ignore the stipula- tions made in preexisting treaties.
Art. 36. Domiciled aliens are bound to pay all taxes, personal, general, and local, ordinary and extraordinary, in the same manner as the Salvadorians, except in case that under especial international stipulations an exception has been made in their favor. As to the burdens to be borne by real estate, the domi- ciled aliens shall be subject to the provisions of article 47 of the Constitution,
Art. 37. Transient aliens are exempted from all taxes, merely personal, whether ordinary or extraordinary ; but they ape not exempted from paying those taxes levied on real estate, or on personal property, industry, profession, or commerce.
Art. 38. All aliens are bound to obey and respect the institutions, laws, and authorities of the Republic, as provided in article 45 of the Constitution, and they must abide by the decisions and sentences of the couTts, without resorting to any other remedies than those which the same laws grant to Salvadorian citizens.
Art. 39. Only in case of denial of justice, or of voluntary delay in its administration, can the aliens apply to their Government for diplomatic inter- vention; but this will be allowed only upon proof that all the ordinary reme- dies established by the laws of the Republic have been exhausted.
Art. 40. Denial of justice shall be understood to exist only in the case in which the judicial authority refuses to make a formal declaration, whether on the subject-matter or on any of the incidental questions submitted to its cog- nizance. Consequently the mere fact of the passing by the judge of a sentence or decision, in whatever sense, shall be an estoppel to the allegation of denial of justice, even if it is claimed that the sentence or decision was iniquitous or passed in open violation of the law.
106 SALVADOR.
Art. 41. The delay in the administration of justice will cease to be volun- tary, as soon as the judge explains that it is due to some reason of law or to some physical impediment beyond his control. '
Art. 42. Aliens do not enjoy the political rights vested in Salvadorian citi- zens; therefore they can not vote or receive votes for any office in a popular election; nor can they be appointed for any position involving civil or political authority or jurisdiction. They cannot associate with others to deal with the political matters of the State, or take any part in the same, or exercise in this class of business the right of petition.
Art. 43. Aliens who wilfully make use of the rights denied to them in the preceding article shall thereby become responsible for their acts and the conse- quences thereof, exactly the same as if they were Salvadorian citizens; but nothing in this provision shall be construed as to entitle said aliens to claim that they have been naturalized, except, however, in the case set forth in article 48 of the Constitution.
Art. 44. Aliens are exempted from military service, but those domiciled in the country shall be subjected at all times to serve such muncipal offices as have no authority, jurisdiction, or deliberate vote attached to them. They must also render service in the armed police, whenever it may be necessary for the pro- tection of private property and the preservation of public order, in the locality in which they reside.
Art. 45. Aliens are bound to observe strict neutrality and not do anything against the Republic or her Government in case of foreign war.
Art. 46. Aliens shall not take part in the civil dissensions of the country, and those who violate this prohibition shall be expelled from the territory by executive order, on the ground that they are pernicious ; but they shall respond additionally, under the laws of the Republic, for all the offenses they may have committed. Nothing in this shall be construed as to prevent their rights and duties during a state of war from being regulated by international law and the treaties.
Art. 47. Aliens charged as authors, accomplices, or abettors of any of the offences enumerated in article 20 of the Code of Criminal Proceedings, shall be subject to the provisions of article 21 of the same code.
Art. 48. Offences of continuous character, committed at some previous time in a foreign country and continued within the Republic, shall be punished according to the laws of the latter, whether the offenders are citizens 01 aliens, provided that they are apprehended within the territory of Salvador.
Art. 49. The offences committed outside Salvador by aliens against aliens shall not be prosecuted in the Republic ; but the Government has the power to expel from the country the said offenders as pernicious aliens.
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Art. 50. Offences committed within the territory of the Republic, by aliens against aliens, or against citizens, shall be prosecuted and punished according to the laws of Salvador.
Art. 51. The following offences shall be considered as committed within the territory of the Republic, namely :
1. Offences committed on the high seas on board national vessels, whether merchant or war.
2. Offences committed on board a Salvadorian man-of-war in a foreign port cr in foreign waters.
3. Offences committed on board a merchant vessel in a foreign port or in for- egn waters, when the offences have not been taken cognizance of and prosecuted and punished in the nation to which the port or the waters belong.
Art. 52. When an alien comrnits an offence against the exterior safety of the Republic, or becomes guilty of rebellion or sedition, the Government shall have the power either to expel him peremtorily from the country by executive decree, or to submit him to trial according to the common rules of proceedings.
Art. 53. In criminal prosecutions for rebellion or sedition, the fact that the offender is an alien shall be always considered as an aggravating circumstance for the imposition of the penalty.
Art. 54. Nothing in this law can be construed as to give aliens any right denied to them either by international law, the treaties, or the laws in force in Salvador.
Art. 55. Although Spanish-Americans are not considered aliens in Salvador, they shall, however, be subject to the present law, until the formation of the great Latin-American Confederation, referred to in article 141 of the Consti- tution.
Art. 56. No Central American shall be considered an alien for the purposes of the present law.
National Palace,
San Salvador, September 2y, 1886.
Approved September 29, 1886.
Appendix C.
PARCELS POST CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF SALVADOR.
The undersigned,
Don M. Dickinson, Postmaster General of the United States of America, and Santiago Perez Triana, Vice Consul of the Republic of Salvador in New York, duly empowered thereto, for the purpose of making better postal arrangements between the United States of America and the Republic of Salvador, have agreed upon the following articles for the establishment of a Parcels-Post sys- tem of exchanges between the two countries.
ARTICLE I.
The provisions of this Convention relate only to parcels of mail matter to be exchanged by the system herein provided for, and do not affect the arrangements now existing under the Universal Postal Union Convention, wnich will con- tinue as heretofore ; and all the agreements hereinafter contained apply exclu- sively to mails exchanged under these articles.
ARTICLE II.
1. There shall be admitted to the mails exchanged under this Convention, articles of merchandise and mail matter except letters, postcards, and written matter of all kinds that are admitted under any conditions to the domestic mails of the country of origin, except that no packet must exceed 1 1 pounds (or 5 kilograms) in weight, nor the following dimensions: Greatest length in any direction, 105 centimeters (or 3 feet 6 inches); greatest length and girth combined 180 centimeters (or six feet) ; and must be so wrapped or inclosed as to permit their contents to be easily examined by postmasters and customs .offi- cers ; and except that the following articles are prohibited :
Publications which violate the copy-right laws of the country of destination ; liquids, poisons, explosive or inflammable substances, fatty substances, those which easily liquefy, live or dead animals, not dried, insects and reptiles, con- fections, pastes, fruits and vegetables w hich will easily decompose, and substances 108
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which exhale a bad odor, lottery tickets or circulars, all obscene or immoral articles, other articles which may destroy or in any way damage the mails, or injure the persons handling them.
2. All admissible articles of merchandise mailed in one country for the other, or received in one country from the other, whether by land or sea conveyance, shall be free from any detention or inspection whatever, except such as is required for collections of customs duties, and shall be forwarded by the most speedy means to their destination, being subject in their transmission to the laws and regulations of each country respectively.
ARTICLE 111.
1. A letter or communication of the nature of personal correspondence must not accompany, be written on, or enclosed with any parcel.
2. If such be found, the letter will be placed in the mails if separable, and if inseparably attached, the whole package will be rejected. If, however, any such should inadvertently be forwarded, the country of destination will collect double rates of postage according to the Universal Postal Union Convention.
3. No parcel may contain parcels intended for delivery at an address other than the one borne by the parcel itself. If such enclosed parcels be detected, they must be sent forward singly, charged with new and distinct parcels-post rates.
ARTICLE IV.
1. The following rates of postage, shad in all cases be required to be fully prepaid with postage stamps of the country of origin, viz :
2. For a parcel not exceeding 453 grams (one pound) in weight, sixty cen- times (twelve cents) J and for each additional 453 grams (one pound), or frac- tion thereof, sixty centimes (twelve cents).
3. The packages shall be promptly delivered to addressees at the post offices of address in the country of destination, free of charge for postage ; but the country of destination may at its option, levy and collect from the addressee for interior service and delivery a charge not exceeding twenty-five centimes (five cents) on each single parcel of whatever weight ; and if the weight exceeds 453 grams (one pound), a charge equal to five centimes (one cent) for each 113 grams (four ounces), of weight, or fraction thereof
ARTICLE V.
1. The sender will at the time of mailing the package, receive a receipt of mailing from the post office where the package is mailed, on a form like "model one" annexed hereto.
no SALVADOR.
2. The sender of a package may have the same registered by paying the reg- istration fee required for registered articles in the country of origin.
3. An acknowledgment of the delivery of a registered article shall be returned to the sender when requested; but either country may require of the sender pre- payment of a fee therefor not exceeding five cents, (25 centimes).
4. The addressees of registered articles shall be advised of the arrival of a package addressed to them, by a notice from the post office of destination.
»
ARTICLE VI.
■ 1. The sender of each package shall make a Customs Declaration, pasted upon or attached to the package, upon a special Form provided for the purpose (see "model two" annexed hereto) giving a general description of the parcel, an accu- rate statement of the contents and value, date of mailing, and the sender's signature and place of residence, and place of address. The Customs Declaration herein provided shall be omitted in the country of origin during such period as the Postmaster General of the country of destination shall request such omission.
2. The packages in question shall be subject in the country of destination to all customs duties and all customs regulations in force in that country for the protection of its Customs Revenues; and the customs duties properly charge- able thereon shall be collected on delivery, in accordance with the customs regu- lations of the country of destination.
ARTICLE Vll.
Each country shall retain to its own use, the whole of the postages, registra- tion and delivery fees, it collects on said packages; consequently, this Conven- tion will give rise to no separate accounts between the two countries.
ARTICLE viii.
1 . The packages shall be considered as a component part of the mails exchanged direct between the United States of America and the Republic of Salvador, to be despatched by the country, of origin to the other at its cost and by such means as it provides, in ordinary mail sacks to be marked " Parcels-Post " and to be securely sealed with wax or otherwise as may be mutually provided by regula- tions hereunder.
2. Each country shall return to the despatching office by next mail, all bags or sacks used in the exchange of parcels.
3. Although articles admitted under this Convention will be transmitted as aforesaid between the exchange offices, they should be so carefully packed as to
SALVADOR. Ill
be safely transmitted in the open mails of either country, both in going to the exchange office in the country of origin or to the office of address in the coun- try of destination.
4. Each despatch of a parcel-post mail must be accompanied by a descriptive list in duplicate, of all the packages sent, showing distinctly the list number of each parcel, the name of the sender, the name of the addressee with address of destination ; and must be enclosed in one of the sacks of such despatch under the Form of "model three," annexed hereto^
ARTICLE IX.
Exchanges of mails under this Convention from any place in either country to any place in the other, whether by sea or overland, shall be effected through the post offices of both countries already designated as Exchange Post offices, or through such others as may be hereafter agreed upon, under such regular tions relative to the details of the exchanges, as may be mutually determined to be essential to the security and expedition of the mails and the protection of the Customs Revenues.
ARTICLE X.
1. As soon as the mail shall have reached the exchange office of destination, that office shall check the contents of the mail.
2. In the event of the Parcel-Bill not having been received, a substitute should at once be prepared.
3. Any errors in the entries on the Parcel-Bill which may be discovered, shall, after verification by a second officer, be corrected and noted for report to the despatching office on a Form, "Verification Certificate", which shall be sent in the special envelope.
4. If a parcel advised on the bill be not received, after the non-receipt has been verified by a second officer, the entry on the bill should be canceled and the fact reported at once.
5. Should a parcel be received in a damaged or imperfect condition, full par- ticulars shall be reported on the same form.
6. If no Verification Certificate or note of error be received, a parcel-mail shall be considered as duly delivered, having been found on examination correct in all respects.
ARTICLE XI.
If the packages cannot be delivered as addressed, or if they are refused, they should be reciprocally returned without charge, directly to the despatching office
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of exchange, at the expiration of thirty days from their receipt at the office of destination, and the country of origin may collect from the sender for the return of the parcel, a sum equal to the postage when first mailed.
ARTICLE XII.
The Post Office Department of either of the contracting countries will not be responsible for the loss or damage of any package, and no indemnity can con- sequently be claimed by the sender oi* addressee in either country.
ARTICLE XIII.
The Postmaster-General of the United States of America, and the Director- General of Posts of the Republic of Salvador, may by agreement, exempt on account of insecurity in the conveyance, or other causes, certain post offices in either country, from receiving or despatching packages of merchandise as pro- vided for by this Convention, and shall have authority to jointly make such further regulations of order and detail, as may be found necessary to carry out the present Convenrion from time to time; and may by agreement prescribe conditions for the admission to the mails of any of the articles prohibited by Article II of this Convention.
ARTICLE XIV.
This Convention shall be ratified by the contracting countries in accordance with their respective laws, and its ratifications shall be exchanged at the city of Washington as early as possible. Once ratified, and its ratifications exchanged it shall take effect, and operations thereunder shall begin on the 1st day of Feb- ruary 1889, and shall continue in force until terminated by mutual agreement, but may be annulled at the desire of either Department, upon six months pre- vious notice given to the other.
Done in duplicate and signed at Washington the twenty-sixth day of Novem- ber one thousand eight hundred and eighty eight.
[l. s.] (Signed) Don M. Dickinson,
Postmaster General of the United States of America. (Signed) Santiago Perez Triana,
Vice Consul of the Republic of Salvador.
The foregoing Parcels-Post Convention between the United States of Amer- ica and the Republic of Salvador, has been negotiated and concluded with my advice and consent, and is hereby approved and ratified.
SALVADOR.
113
In testimony whereof I have caused the great seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed.
[Great Seal of U. S.] Benj. Harrison.
By the President :
James G. Blaine,
Secretary of State. Washington, D. C, June 21, i88q.
National Palace, San Salvador, January 4, i88g. Having examined the preceding Convention, concluded at New York, on the 26th day of November 1888, between Don Santiago Perez Triana, duly authorized thereto by this government, and Don M. Dickinson, Postmaster General of the United States, for the adoption of a system of exchange of postal parcels between the two countries; and having found that Senor Triana has followed the instructions given him for concluding said convention; the Executive Power agrees to approve the fourteen articles composing the Conven- tion in question.
El Secretario de Estado en el Despacho de Relaciones Exteriores : [i- s.] (Signe«l) Delgado.
Bull. 58 8.
Appendix D.
COMMERCIAL ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND SALVADOR.
[Concluded December 30, 1891 ; proclaimed December 31, 1891]
By the President of the United States of America. A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas, pursuant to section 3 of the Act of Congress approved October r, 1890, entitled "An act to reduce the revenue and equalize duties on imports, and for other purposes," of the Secretary of State of the United States of America communicated to the Government of Salvador the action of the Congress of the United States of America, with a view to secure reciprocal trade, in declaring the articles enumerated in said section 3 to be exempt from duty upon their importation into the United States of America;
And whereas the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Sal- vador at Washington has communicated to the Secretary of State the fact that, in reciprocity for the admission into the United States of America free of all duty of the articles enumerated in section 3 of said Act, the Government of Salvador will, by due legal enactment as a provisional measure and until a more complete arrangement may be negotiated and put in operation, admit free of all duty from and after February 1, 1892, into all the established ports of entry of Salvador, the articles or merchandise named in- the following schedule, pro- vided that the same be the product or manufacture of the United States:
schedule
of products arid manufactures which the Republic of Salvador will admit free of all customs, municipal, and any other kind of duty.
1. Animals for breeding purposes.
2. Corn, rice, barley and rye. 114
SALVADOR.
115
3. Beans.
4. Hay and straw for forage.
5. Fruits, fresh.
6. Preparations of flour in biscuits, crackers not sweetened, macaroni, ver- micelli, and tallarin.
7. Coal, mineral.
8. Roman cement.
9. Hydraulic lime.
10. Bricks, fire bricks, and crucibles for melting.
11. Marble, dressed, for furniture, statues, fountains, gravestones, and build- ing purposes.
12. Tar, vegetable and mineral.
13. Guano, and other fertilizers, natural or artificial.
14. Ploughs and all other agricultural tools and implements.
15. Machinery of all kinds, including sewing machines, and separate or extra parts for the same.
16. Materials of all kinds for the construction and equipment of railroads.
17. Materials of all kinds for the construction and operation of telegraphic and telephonic lines.
18. Materials of all kinds for lighting by electricity and gas.
19. Materials of all kinds for the construction of wharves.
20. Apparatus for distilling liquors.
21. Wood of all kinds for building, in trunks or pieces, beams, rafters, planks, boards, shingles, or flooring.
22. Wooden staves, heads and hoops, and barrels and boxes for packing, mounted or in pieces.
23. Houses of wood or iron, "complete or in parts.
24. Wagons, carts, and carriages of all kinds.
25. Barrels, casks, and tanks of iron for water.
26. Tubes of iron and all other accessories necessary for water supply.
27. Wire, barbed, and staples for fences.
28. Plates of iron for building purposes.
29. Mineral ores.
30. Kettles of iron for making salt.
31. Kettles of iron for making sugar.
32. Moulds for making sugar,
33. Guys for mining purposes.
34. Furnaces and instruments for assaying metals.
35. Scientific instruments.
36. Models of machinery and buildings.
Il6 SALVADOR.
37. Boats, lighters, tackle, anchors, chains, girt lines, sails, and all other articles for vessels to be used in the ports, lakes, and rivers of the Republic.
38. Printing materials, including presses, type, ink, and all other accessories,
39. Printed books, pamphlets, and newspapers, bound or unbound, maps, photographs, printed music and paper for music.
40. Paper for printing newspapers.
41. Quicksilver.
42. Lodestone.
43. Hops.
44. Sulphate of quinine.
45. Gold and silver in bars, dust, or coin.
46. Samples of merchandise the duties on which do not exceed one dollar.
It is understood that the packages or coverings in which the articles named in the foregoing schedule are imported shall be free of duty if they are usual and proper for the purpose.
And that the Government of Salvador has further stipulated that the laws and regulations adopted to protect its revenue and prevent fraud in the declarations and proof that the articles named in the foregoing schedule are the product or manufacture of the United States of America shall impose no additional charges on the importer nor undue restrictions on the articles imported.
And whereas the Secretary of State has, by my direction, given assurance to the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Salvador at Washing- ton that this action of the Government of Salvador in granting freedom of duties to the products and manufacturers of the United States of America on their importation into Salvador, and in stipulating for a more complete reciprocity arrangement, is accepted as a due reciprocity for the action of Congress as set forth in section 3 of said act.
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States of America, have caused the above-stated modifications of the tariff laws of Salvador to be made public for the information of the citizens of the United States of America.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington, this thirty-first day of December, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-one, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and sixteenth.
[seal.] Benj. Harrison.
By the President :
James G. Blaine, Secretary of State.
Appendix E.
Import Duties of Salvador.
DERECHOS DE IMPORTACION EN SALVADOR.
The following schedules have been arranged alphabetically and include all the articles specified in the tariff
The valuations expressed in English are calculated on the basis of the official valu- ation of foreign coins issued by th4 Director of the Mint of the United States October 1, 1891, in which the peso is valued at 72.3 cents United States currency.
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Absinthe. (See spirits)
Accordions and concertinas of all
classes and sizes
Acetic acid. (See medicines) . . .
Acid, muriatic. (See medicines).
Acid, nitric. (See medicines) ...
Acid, sulphuric. (See medicines)
Aconite. (See medicines)
Adzes. (See iron)
Aerated waters, artificial. (See waters)
Aerometers or liquor-gauges
Albums of all sizes and classes . .
Almonds, in the shell. (See foods, etc)
Alpaca. (See wool)
Alphabets and numerical tables, bronze. (See bronze)
Alphabets or numbers for mark- ing, zinc. (See zinc)
Alum. (See medicines)
Duty ijer pouud. in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars. .197
.066 .013
.013
.013
.013
.328 .115
.009 .016 .197
.033 .328
.197
.098
.013
ARTICULO DE MERCANClA.
Ajenjo. (ViSase aguardientes) . . Acordioues 6 concertinas de toda
clase 6 tamano
Acido ac^tico. (V^ase medici-
nas)
Acido muriatico. (V6ase medi-
cinas)
Acido nitrico. (V^ase medici-
nas)
Acido sulfurico. (V^ase medi-
oiuas)
Aconitiua. (V^ase medicinas).
Azuelas. (V6ase hierro)
Aguas espumosas, artificiales.
( Vease aguas)
Aere6metros 6 pesa-licores
Albums de toda clase 6 tamano. . Almeudras, conctiscara. (Vease
alimentos, etc)
Alpacas. (V6ase laua)
Abecedaries y numeracioues de
brouce. (Vease bronce)
Abecedarios 6 numeraciones
para marcar, de zinc. (V^ase
zinc ) J.
Alumbre. (V6ase medicinas) . .
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado- rena.
Pesos.
.60 .20
,04
.04
.04
.04 LOO .35
.03 .05 .60
.10
LOO
.60
.30 ,04
117
ii8
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Ammonia, liquid. (See medi- cines) ■-
Ammunition, bullets and small shot. (See lead)
Aniline, of all kinds
Anchors. (See iron)
per 100 pounds. .
Aniseed. (See foods, etc)
Anvils. (See iron)
Augers. (See iron)
Axes. (See iron)
Axles. (See iron)
per 100 pounds . .
Baggage, in excess of 100 kilos per person, if imported with- out invoice. (See also free list) .
empty, of flax pure or mixed. (See flax)
Balls, ivory, for billiards
Balls, stone, wood, or other com- position, for children's play- things
Balsam of copaiba. (See medi- cines) .-
Barley
Baskets, wicker, or other simi^- lar articles not specified
Bath tub, iron. (See iron)
Batiste. (See flax)
Beads, bugles,' garnets, seed, or tubular beads of glass or com- mon metal of all forms and thicknesses
Beds, feather
Bedspreads, cotton. (See cot- ton)
Bedspreads, linen. (See flax) . .
Beehives, wooden. (See wood) per 100 pounds . .
Beer, all kinds
Belladonna. (See medicines) —
Bells, tower, bronze
Belts, cotton. (See cotton)
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.033
.013 .164
.164 .049 .033 .115 .033
.164 .984
.016 2.62
Belts, India rubber, rubber) ,
(See India
.013
.066 .006
.098
.082 .492
,197
,328
,164
,328
,164 ,016 .033
,082 ,328
164
ARTlCULO DE MERCANCf A.
Amoniaco liquido. (V6ase me- dicinas)
Municion, balas 6 muuici6n. (V6ase plomo)
Anilina de toda clase
Anclas. (V6ase hierro)
los 100 kilos..
Ani's. (V6ase alimentos, etc) . .
Yunques. (V6ase hierro)
Barrenos, ( V^ase hierro)
Hachas. (V6ase hierro)
Ejes. (Vease hierro)
los 100 kilos..
Equipajes, son libres los de los pasajeros hasta el peso de 100 kilogramos por persona, siem- pre que los efectos sean evi- dentemeute de su uso per- sonal. Por exceso sin factura pagar^ el kilo
Costales, vacios, de lino puro 6 mezclado. (V^ase lino)
Bolas de marfil para billar
Bolas de piedra, madera ti otra composicion, para juegos de ninos
B^lsamo de copaiba. (V^ase medicinas)
Cebada
Canastos de mimbre u otros ar- tioulos semej antes no denomi- nados
Bafios de hierro. (V6ase hierro) .
Batista. ( V6ase lino)
Abalorio, cuentas, granate, cha- quiras 6 canutillo de vidrio, mostacilla de vidrio 6 metal ordinario, toda forma ygrueso.
Colchones de plumas
Colchas de algodon. (V6aseal- god6n)
Colchas de lino. (V6ase lino) . .
Casas para colmena, de madera. ( V6ase madera) .los 100 kilos . .
Cerveza de toda clase
Belladona. (Vease medicinas) .
Campauasparatorres, debrouce.
Fajas de algodon. (V^ase algo- don) .■
Fajas de caucho. (V6ase cau- cho)
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado- reiia.
Pesos.
SALVADOR.
119
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Belts, leather or patent leather, for swords, with or without gilclcd or silver ornaments.
■> (See leather)
Belts, leather, for machinery.
(See leather)
• Belts, silk. (See silk)
Belts, woolen. (See wool)
Bicarbonates of soda andpotassa. (Sea medicines) ,
Billiard tables, without acces- sories. (See wood)
Bitters, liquid, stomach
Blacking for shoes of all kinds . ,
Blankets or counterpanes of wool,
pure or mixed. (See wool)
Blinds, wooden. (See wood)
Blocks, wooden, for hatters or
wig-makers. (See wood)
Blondes, silk. (See silk)
Blondes, wool. (See wool)
Bonbons. (See foods)
Bonnets. ( See hats)
Books, blank, with or without
ruling
Book shelves. (See wood)
Boots, India rubber. (See India
rubber)
Boots, leather. (See leather) .. . Bottles, common. (See glass) ..
Bottles, iron, to contain balsam,
gross weight
Bottle tops or capsules
Boxes, paper. (See paper)
Boxes, wooden, of all shapes, var- nished or lacquered. (See wood)
Bracelets, of mother-of-pearl, ivory, tortoise shell, or silver .
Bracelets, of any other material not specified
Braids, linen (See flax)
Braids, woolen. (See wool)
Bran or meal
Brandied fruits. (See foods)
Brass. (See bronze and copper).
Bricks of clay, glass, and other
materials
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.492
.098 1.64 .656
.033
.066 .049 .033
.162 .066
.007 1.97 .983 .066 .492
.065 .066
.328 .656 .009
.033 ,098
.009
.656
,197 ,492 ,983 ,007 ,082
.003
ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA.
Cinturones de cuero 6 de charol . para sables, con 6 sin guarni-
ciones doradas 6 plateadas.
( Vease cueros)
Fajas de cuero para maquinaria.
(V6ase cueros)
Fajas de seda. (Vease seda) . . Fajas de laua. (V6ase lana) . . Bicarbonatos de sosa y potasa.
(V^ase medicinas)
ipillares sin litiles. (Vease ma-
dera)
Amargo Ifquido estomacL 1 .... Betiin para zapatos, de toda
clase
Frazadas 6 colchas de lana pura
6 mezclada. (V<5ase lana)
Persianas. (Vease madera)
Estacas para sombreros y pelu-
cas. (V^ase madei-a)
Blondas de seda. (Vease seda) Blondas de lana. (Vease lana)
Confites. (V6asealimentos)
Gorras. (V^ase sombreros)
Libros en bianco rayados 6 sin
rayar
Estantes. (Vease madera)
Botas de caucho. (V^ase cau-
cho)
Botas de cuero. (V^ase cuero) Botellas comunes. (V^ase vid-
rio)
Botes de hierro destinados para
balsamo, jieso bruto
Cfipsules 6 casquetes para bote- llas .'
Cajasde carton. (V^ase jiapel). Cajas de madera de toda forma
eonbarniz6gomalaca. (Vease
madera)
Pulseras de concha-n^car, mar-
fil, carey 6 plata
Pulseras de cualquier otra ma- teria no denominada
Treucillas de lino. ( V^ase lino) . Trencillas de lana. ( ViSase lana) .
Acemite 6 salvado
Frutas en aguardiente. (Vease
alimentos)
Laton. (Vease bronce y cobre). Ladrillo de barro, vidrio y otras
materias
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado- rena.
Pesos.
1.50
.30 5.00 2.00
.10
.20 .15
.10
.50 .20
.02 6.00 3.00
.20 1.50
.20 .20
1.00 2.00
.03
.10
.30 .03
.25 2.00
.60 1.50 3.00
.02
.25
.01
120
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE,
Brocades or tissues, woven, em- broidered, or embossed with gold, silver, or other metai
Bromides. (See medicines)
Brooms and brushes, of straw or esparto, all classes
Bronze and copper, bars
Bronze, etc., alphabets and nu- merical tables, and in other forms not sjiecified
Bronze and copper boilers for agricultural use
Bronze, etc., counters as checks for use on farms, per 100 pounds .
Bronze, and copper nails, tacks, and brads
Bronze, etc., jewelry, leaf, and in books
Bronze and copper in pieces, nickel plated for any purpose. .
Bronze and copper ornaments of all classes, holders for curtains, rings, hooks, scales, hinges, knobs for furniture, furniture and door locks, padlocks, cradles, beds, bolts, crosses, bells, cow bells, chains, spurs, stirrups, mountings for sad- dles, statues, hasps, railings, cages, weights, faucets, door- knockers, candlesticks, rivets, screws, doorknobs, wire cloth, writing utensils, cooking and domestic utensils
Bronze and copper plates, sheets, and wire, from 4 millimeters in diameter downward
Bronze and copper scientific in- struments
Bronze and copper stills
Brushes, clothing, hair, tooth,
nail, and others similar
Brushes, paint, of every kind. . . Brushes for shoes, horses, and
other common kinds
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.82 .066
.033 066
.197 .098 .164
.131 .197
.328
197
.115
.033 .164
.197 .197
.049
Brocatos 6 tiznes tejidos, borda- dos 6 realzados con oro, plata li otro metal
Bromuros. (V^ase medicinas) . .
Escobas y cepillos de paja 6 es- parto, de toda clase
Bronce y cobre en barras
Bronce y cobre en abecedarios y numeraciones y en cualquier otra forma no especificada
Bronce y cobre en peroles para la agricultura
Bronce y cobre en fichas para contraseuas de fincas de agri- cultura los 100 kilos . .
Bronce y cobre en clavos, tachuelas 6 puntillas
Bronce y cobre en joyeria, en hojas y en libretes
Bronce y cobre en piezas niqne- ladas para cualquier uso
Bronce y cobre, en piezas, como adornos de toda clase, abraza- deras para cortinas, argollas, ganchos, balanzas, bisagras, botones para mixebles, cerra- duras para muebles 6 puertas, candados, cunas, camas, cer- rojoscruces, campanillas, cas- cabeles, cadenas, espuelas, es- tribos para galiipagos, filetes j)ara sillas de montar, esta- tuas, fallebas, galerias,j aulas, pesas, Haves para pipas, llamadores de puertas, palma- torias, caudeleros, pasadores, remaches, tornillos, tiradores para muebles, tejidos de alambre y utiles de escritorio, en piezas 6 para baterlas de cocina 6 uso dom^sticb
Bronce y cobre manufacturado en plauchas, Mminas y alam- bre desde cuatro milimetros de di^metro, inclusive para abajo .
Bronce y cobre, instrumentos cientificos
Bronce y cobre en alambiques . .
Cepillos para ropa, cabeza, dien- tes, Unas y otros semej antes ..
Brochas de cualquiera clase
Cepillos para zapatos, caballos y otros semej antes ordinarios.
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado-
SALVADOR.
121
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Bugles, gold or silver embroidery wire, thread, andspaugles, che- nille, imitation sjiangles, etc., gilded or plated
Buckles, wrought iron, tinned or japanned. (See iron)
Buckles of all other classes or
materials
Buckskin. (See leather)
Butter. (See foods)
Buttons, mother-of-pearjj, silk, or wool
Buttons, plated or gilded
Buttons, all other classes not specified
Cables or rojies of hemp, and tarred cordage
Cages for birds, wire
Cambric, linen. (See flax)
Camphor. (See medicines)
Canary seed. (See foods, etc). . .
Candles, stearine
Candles, tallow
Candles, wax
Canes, withhandles of ivory, tor- toise shell, mother-of-pearl, sil- ver, or gold, with or without sword
Canes, of every other sort, with or without sword
Canvas or Russia duck, of flax, -pure or mixed. (See flax)
Caps and head dresses for men, women, and children, of all kinds not specified . . ^
Capers. (See foods, etc)
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
" Carbolineo avenarius,"
*. per 100 pounds . .
Cards, playing, fine or common..
Cardboard, in articles for domes- tic use or in any other form not specified. (See paper)
Cardboard, boxes, or in sheets for bookbinding, . lithograph- ing, photographing, and other industrial uses. (See paper) . .
Cardboard, white, not sized, and colored for printing purposes. (See paper)
ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA.
Dollars.
197
,066
.197 .066 .066
.197 ,492
,098
.016 ,098 ,492 ,066 .049 .059 .033 .328
1.31 .656 .164
.492 .066
,164 .098
,098
.009 .033
Canutillo, escarche, gusanillo, bricho, hojuela, lentejuela falsa, dorada 6 plateada
Derecbos por kilo- gram o en moneda Salvado- reiia.
Hevillas de hierro forjado esta- nadas 6 charoladas. (V^ase hierro)
Hevillas de toda clase 6 materia
Ante. ( Vease cueros)
Manteqiiilla. (V^ase alimen
tos)
Botones de conchn-nacar, seda
6 lana
Botones plateados 6 dorados
Botones de cualquier otra clase
no denomiuada
Cables 6 cuerdas de cdnamo 6
embreados
.1 aulas para pajaros, de alambre. Cambrayes de lino. (V€ase lino) . Alcanfor. (Vease medicinas) .. Alpiste. ( V^ase alimentos, etc) .
Velas de estearina
Velas de sebo
Velas de cera
Bastoues con mangos de marfil,
carej^, concha-n^car, plata ii
oro, con 6 sin estoque
Bastoues de cualquier otra clase, con 6 sin estoque
Lona 6 Eusias de lino, puro 6 mezclado. (V^a.se lino)
Gorras y cofias para hombres, mujeres y nifios de toda clase no especificada
Alcaparras. (V^ase alimentos, etc)
Carbolineo avenarius,
los 100 kilos.,
Naij)es finos li. ordinarios
Carton, enobjetosdeusodomes- tico 6 cualquier otra forma no especificada. (V^asejjapel).
Cart6n,cajas 6 en hojas, para eu- cuadernaci6n, litografia, foto- graffa y para otros usos indus- triales. ( V^ase papel)
Cart6n, bianco, sin cola, y de co- lores para imprentar. (V6ase papel)
.60
.20 .60
.20
.20
.60 1.50
.30
.05 .30
1.50 .20 .15 .18 .10
1.00
4.00
2.00 .50
1.50
.20
.50 .30
.30
.03 .10
122
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Cardboard, common. (See paper).
Cardcases, of tortoise shell, mother-of-pearl, coral, ivory, or silver
Cardcases, of auy other material not specified
Carpets, mats, or rugs, woolen. (See wool)
Carts and wheelbarrows, wooden, per 100 pounds . .
Cases for instruments, of all kinds and materials, with or without contents
Castor oil. (See medicines)
Castors, with or without glass cruets
Celluloid, in any form
Chains, ivory, tortoise shell, or
mother-of-pearl
Chains, watch guards of every
material not specified
Chalk, for schools or billiards . . . Chandeliers. (See illuminating
articles)
Chimneys and globes for lamps,
when imported with lamps.
(See illuminating articles)
Chimneys and globes for lamps, when imported separately, pay the same as hollow glass
Chloroform. (See medicines) .. .
Cigars
Cigar cases of tortoise shell, ivory, silver, or mother-of- pearl. (See purses, etc)
Cigar cases of any other mate- rial not specified
Cinnamon, of all kinds
Clocks, mantel, and other kinds not specified
Clocks, tower
Cloth, woolen, cassimere, broad- cloth, alpaca, challis, cur- tains, damask, serge, flannel, "grano de oro," muslin delaine, merino, and any other fabric of wool, pure or mixed, not specified ,
Duty per poimd in IJ. S. cur- rency.
Dollars. .009
,656 164
,164 ,164
,656 ,033
.492 ,197
,656
,197 ,033
,082
,033 ,066 ,656
656
197 131
,164
.082
.328
ARTtCULO DE MERCANCfA.
Cartdn, ordinairio. (V^ase papel)
Tarjeteros de carey, concha-na- car, coral, marfil 6 plata
otra
Tarjetetos de cualquier materia no denomiuada
Alfombras, tripe 6 mautilloues de lana. (Vlase lana)
Carros y carretillas de madera, h)S 100 kilos..
Estuches 6 enseres de toda clase 6 materia, con 6 sin utiles
Aceite de castor. ( V^aee medi- cinas)
Frasqueros de toda clase, con 6 sin utiles de vidrio
Celuloide en cualquiera forma. .
Cadenas de marfil, carey 6 concha-nacar
Cadenas 6 leontinas de cualqui- era materia no denomiuada
Yeso para escuelas 6 billares
Arauas. (V6ase articulos de alumbrado)
Tubos y giobos x^ara lamparas viniendo con lamparas. (V6ase articulos de alum- brado)
Tubos y giobos para Ifimparas, cuando vengan solos, pa- gar^n como vidrios huecos
Cloroformo. (Veasemediciuas) .
Puros
Cigarreras de carey, marfil, plata 6 concha-nacar. (V^ase porta-monedas, etc)
Cigarreras de cualquier otra materia no denominada
Canela y caneldn
Relojes de mesa y otros de cual- quiera otra clase no de- nominados
Relojes para torres
Tela de lana, como casimire, pano, alpaca, chqjsly, corti- nas, damasco, filaila, frauela, grano de oro, lanilla 6 muse- lina, merino y otras telas de lana, pura 6 mezclada, no de- nominadas
Derechos por kilo- gram o en moneda Salvado-
Pesos. .03 2.00
.50
.50
.50
2.00
.10
1.50 .60
2.00
.60 .10
.25
,25
.10
.20 2.00
2.00
.60 .40
.50 .25
1.00
SALVADOR.
123
AKTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Cloth, cassimere, cassinettes, or other similar goods of wool, pure or mixed, with warp of linen or cotton
Clothing, ready made, cotton, of all kinds, for men. or women, i*ot specified. (See cotton)
Clothing, ready made, woolen. (See wool)
Clothing, ready made, silk. (See silk)
Cloves. (See foods, etc)
Coaches and carriages, of all kinds, and all their parts
Cocoa. (See foods)
Cocoanut oil
Cocaine. (See medicines)
Codfish, dried, salted, or smoked. (See foods)
Cod liver oil, pure or in emul- sions. (See medicines)
Cognac
Collars and cuflfs, linen, j»ure or mixed. (See flax)
Cologne
Combs, of all kinds, of mother-of- pearl, ivory, or tortoise shell. .
Comhs,etc., of any othermaterial.
Concertinas of all classes and
sizes. (See accordions)
Coral, manufactured in any shape
Coral, unmanufactured
Cordage of all kinds
Cordials. (See spirits)
Coriander seed. (See foods, etc) . .
Corks, of all kinds
Corkscrews, of all kinds not specified
Cornstarch (maizena). (See foods)
Corsets, bustles, crinolines, and other similar articles
Cotton, raw
Cotton bedspreads, towels, ''pe- rrajes," ponchos, serapes, ham- mocks, napkins, tablecloths, and material for the same
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.328
.656
.98
1.97 .049
.066
.033 .026 .328
.049
.033 .197
.492 .098
.656
.197
.066 2.30
1.64 .066 .197
.049 .197
.115
.013
.492 .007
164
ARTlCTJLO DE MEBCANCf A.
Pano, casimir, casinetes y otros g^neros semej antes de lana pura 6 mezclada con cada de lino 6 algodon
Eopa hecha de algodon, de toda clase, para hombre 6mujer, no especificada. (Vease algodon)
Eopa hecha de lana. (V^ase lana)
Eopa hecha de seda. (V6ase seda)
Clavos de olor. (V^asealimen- tos)
Coches 6 carruajes de toda clase 6 cualquiera parte de ellos
Cacao. (V^ase alimentos)
Aceite de coco
Cocaina. (V^ase medicinas) ..
Bacalao, secado, salado 6 ahu- mado. (V6ase alimentos) . . .
Aceite de bacalao puro 6 emul- sianado. (V6ase medicinas) .
Cognac
Cuellos y punos, de lino puro 6 mezclado. (V^ase lino)
Agua de colonia
Peiues, peinetas, peinetillas y escarmenadoresde concha-n^- car, marfil 6 carey
Peines, los mismos, de cualquier otra clase
Concertinas de toda clase 6 tamano. (V^ase acordiones)
Coral labrado en cualquiera forma
Coral en bruto
Jarcia de toda clase
Mixtelas, cremas. (V^ase agu- ardientes)
Culantro. (V6ase alimentos) .
Corchos de toda clase
Tirabuzones de clases no espeoi- ficadas
Maicena. (V^ase alimentos.) . .
Corses, polisones, crinolinas y otros postizos semejantes
Algod6n en rama
Algod6n en colchas, tohallas, pe- rrajes, ponchos, zarapes, ha- macas, servilletas, manteles y en g^nero para ^stos
Derechos per kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado- reSa.
1.00
2.00
3.00
6.00
.15
.20
.10
.08
1.00
.15
.10 .60
1.50 .30
2.00
.60
.20
7.00
5.00
.20
.60 .15 .60
.35
.04
1.50 .02
.50
124
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Cotton cloths, bleached, plain, without sewing, work, or em- broidery of any kind, as ma- dapollans, bogotanas, calico, family cloth, croidon, "estri- billas," canvas, embroidering canvas, creas, and other simi- lar goods
Cotton cloths, unbleached, such as "manta and manta dril". ..
Cotton, drills of all classes, such as piqu6, canton, manta-dril, bleached or colored, and simi- lar goods
Cotton, handkerchiefs and shawls of all kinds
Cotton, laces, embroidered edg- ings, and insertions
Cotton match ropes for smokers . .
Cotton, "rebozos" and cloth for the same, in imitation of cloth of the country
Cotton, sandies, cretous of all classes, plain or worked, and all other similar cloths
Cotton, shirts, with bosoms and cuffs of linen
Cotton, stockings, socks, shirts, undershirts, drawers, and in general all kinds of under- wear, without embroidery or lace of any kind
Cotton, tapes, plain or twilled, white or colored, for shoe- makers and harness-makers, and " Castile tape"
Cc+ton, tapes, braids, fringes, galloons, cords, belts, sashes, garters, and in general all classes of ornaments and man- ufactured articles not men- tioned
Cotton thread for sewing or em- broidering, all classes and col- ors
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency
Dollars.
.148 ,098
,197
,226
,82 ,262
,82
,197
,328
,262 ,164
,328 ,164
ARTfCULO OF MERCANCIA.
Algoddn en telas blanqueadas, lisas, sin costura, labrado ni bordado alguno, como las co- nocidas con los nombres dema- dapollan, bogotana, called, genero de familia, croid6n, estribillas, lonas, canamazo para borclar, creas y otras semejantes
Algod6n en telas crudas, como manta y manta-dril
Algodon en driles de toda clase, en panilla, cantuna, manta- dril, blanqueada 6 color, y otros semejantes
Algodon en jjanuelos y panolo- nes de toda clase
Algodon en encajes, tiras bor- dadas y embutidos
Algod6n en 3nechas de algoddn para fumadores
Algod.6n en rebozos y telas para rebozos, imitando los del pais .
Algoddn en s^ndalo, zarazas de toda clase, lisos 6 labrados y dem^s telas semejantes
Algod6n en camisas con pechera y puiios de lino
Algod6n en medias y calcetines, en camisas, camisetas, calzon- cillos y en general toda clase de ropa interior sin encaje ni bordado alguno
Algodon en cintas lisas 6 asarga- das, blancas 6 de color, para zapaterias y talabarterias, y en cinta llamada "de Cas- tilla"
Algoddn en cintas, trencillas, flecos, galones, cordones, fa- jas, cinturones, ataderas y en general toda clase de adornos y objetos fabricados no men- cionados
Algod6n en hilo para coser 6 bordar de toda clase y color. .
SALVADOR.
125
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Cotton velvet, white or colored cloths, without needlework or enibroidery of any kind, as cambrics, gauze, lace, bishop's lawn, holland, muslin, and
other similar goods
•
Cotton yarns, colored, for weav- ing
Cotton yarn, bleached or un- bleached, for weaving and in cords
Cotton-seed oil
Crayon for drawing
Cream of tartar. (See medicines)
Crockery, pieces for domestic purposes and other forms not exijressed. By crockery is un- derstood ware that is not trans- parent
Crockery, toys, flowers, or statu- ettes
Crosses and crucifixes, of mate-
» rial not specified
Cuff-buttons or sets of buttons, silver, tortoise shell, ivory, or mother-of-pearl
Cuff-buttons, or sets of buttons of any other material not speci- fied
Curry powder. (See foods, etc).
Cumin. (See foods, etc)
Daggers. (See iron)
Daggers, with leather scab- bards. (See iron)
Daggers, with ivory, tortoise shell, silver, or mother-of-pearl handle
Damask, linen. (See flax)
Damask, silk. (See silk)
Damask, woolen. (See wool)
Dates. (See foods)
Diamonds and other precious stones. (See jewelry)
Diamonds, mounted for cutting glass
Distilling apparatus of all kinds. (See filters)
Doors, wooden. (See wood)
Drawing, copies. (See paper)...
Duty per pound in U.S. cur- rency.
ARTlCULO DE MERCANCf A.
Dollars.
,328
,033
,016 .026 ,197 .066
.026 .098 .197
.656
.262 .066 .049 .066
.131
.656 .328 1.64 .328 .066
3.28
.656
.003 .016
.016
Algod6n en pana, telas blancas 6 de color, sin costuranibor- dada alguno, como cambray clarin, gasas, punto, cambray de obispo, holan, muselina, cambray pirujo y otros seme- jantes
Algodon en hilo de color para tej er
Algoddn en hilo crudo 6 blanqueado para tejer y en cordelas
Aceite de algod6n
Carboncillo para dibujo
Cremor. (V^ase medicinas) . . .
Loza fabricada en piezas de ser- vicio dom^stico y en otras for- mas no expresadas. Enti6n- dasepor la loza la que no sea trasparente
Loza en juguetes, flores 6 figu- ras
Cruces 6 crucifijos de materias no denominadas
Mancuernillas 6 juegos de bo- tones de plata, carey, marfil 6 concha-nacar
Mancuernillas 6 los mismos de cualquier otra materia no de- nominada
Curri6. (V^ase alimentos) ....
Comino. (V6ase alimentos) . . .
Dagas. (V^ase hierro)
Dagas, con vainas de cuero. (V^ase hierro)
Dagas, con mango de marfil, carey, plata 6 concha-n^car. .
Damasco de lino . ( V^ase lino ) . Damasco de seda. (V^ase seda) Damasco de lana. (V6ase lana) D^tiles. (V^ase alimentos) ... Diamantes y dem^s piedras pre-
ciosas. (V^ase joyeria)
Diamantes montados para cor-
tar vidrios
Destiladera de toda clase.
(V6ase filtros)
Puertas de madera. ( V^ase ma-
dera)
Modelos para dibujo. (Vease
papel)
Derechos por kilo- gram o en moneda Salvado- reiia.
1.00 .10
.05 .08 .60 .20
.08 .30 .60
2.00
.80 .20 .15 .20
.40
2.00
1.00
5.00
1.00
.20
10.00
2.00
.01
.05
.05
126
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MEKCHANDISE.
Drills, crude, white or colored.
(See flax)
Drugs. (See medicines.) Elastic, of every kind, for shoes
or other purposes -
Emery powder, for polishing and
other uses
Envelopes. (See paper)
Epaulets, gold or gilded
Epaulets, silver or silver plated. .
Epsom salts. (See medicines) .. .
Essences for flavoring spirits
Eyelets for clothing, shoes, and other uses
Fans, with frame of ivory, mother-of-pearl, metal, or tor- toise shell
Fans, paper or palm
Fans, everv other class not speci- fied.....'
Feathers, of all kinds, for orna- ments
Feather dusters of all kinds
Figs. (See foods)
Filters, distilling apparatus of all kinds
Firecrackers (Chinese) and fire- works
Fish, dried, salted, or smoked...
Fish, prepared in vessels of tin, glass, or earthenware. (See foods)
Flannel. (See wool)
Flasks, glass, plain. (See glass) .
Flax (linen), pure or mixed, can- vas or Russia duck
Flax, pure or mixed, crude drills, white or colored
Flax, pure or mixed, fine dress goods, such as Irish linens, cam- brics, batistes, and all other materialfor dresses and other uses, handkerchiefs, under- shirts, drawers, stockings,
Duty per pound in TT. S. cur- rency.
Dollars. .164
.164
.033 .065
1.64 .656 .013
3.28
.197
1.31 .098
.656
1.64 .262
.066
.003
.197 .049
.066 .328 .009
.164 .164
AETfCULO DE MEKCANClA.
Driles, crudos, blancos 6 de
color. (V^ase lino)
Drogas. (V^ase medicinas.) EMstico de toda clase para cal-
zado u otros usos
Esmeril en polvo para plateros
il otros usos
Cubiertos 6 sobres para cartas.
(V^ase papel) i
Charreteras de oro 6 sobre-dora-
das ".
Charreteras de plata 6 platea-
das
Sal de Ingleterra. (V6ase medi-
cinas)
Esencias para confeccionar
aguardientes
Ojetes de metal para ropa, cal-
zado y otros usos
Abanicos, con armazon de mar-
fil, concha-n^car, metal, carey
Abanicos, de papel 6 palma
Abanicos, de cualquier otra
clase no denominada
Plumas de toda clase para ador-
nos
Plumeros para sacudir, de toda
clase ■
Higos. (V^ase alimentos). .. . Filtros, destiladera de toda clase
Cohetillos chinos y fuegos arti- ficial es
Pescados, secados, salados 6 ahumados. (V6ase alimentos)
Pescados, preparados en botes de lata,vidrio 6 barro. ( V^ase alimentos) —
Franela. ( Vease lana)
Frascos de vidrio liso. (V^ase vidrio)
Lino, puro 6 mezclado en lonas 6 rusias
Lino, puro 6 mezclado, en driles crudos, blancos 6 de color —
Lino, puro 6 mezclado, en telas finas, como Irlandas, cam- brayes, batistas y toda otra tela para vestidos u otros usos, panuelos, camisetas, calzon- cillos, medias, calcetines (es-
Derechos por kilo- gramo en raoneda Salvado-
SALVADOR.
127
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
socks, cuffs, coUai'S, men's shirts, and other similar' arti- cles not sj)ecified
Flax or hemp, pure or mixed, laces, embroidered edgings, and insertings
Flax or hemp, pure or mixed, nankeens
Flax, pure or mixed, plain or worked goods, white or colored (except crude drills), such as crash, silesia, damask, or other goods for tablecloths, towels, bedspreads, sheetings, mattress covers, and for other similar purposes not specified, without any needlework or embroidery
Flax or hemp, pure or mixed, ready-made clothing, and all classes of articles orobjectsnot specified
Flax or hemp, ropes, cables, or tarred cordage
Flax, pure or mixed, sacks, bags (empty) ; in canyas, tarred or not, and hemp thread, not twisted, for sewing bags ,
Flax or hemp, pure or mixed, tapes, braids, fringes, and other similar articles not specified . .
Flax or hemp, pure or mixed, sewing thread
Flax, or thread of agaye, twisted
Florida water
Floiir. (See foods)
Flowers, artificial, of cotton, or any other material not speci- fied
Flowers, artificial, prepared ma- terial of all kinds for, not speci- fied
Food, bonbons, pastilles, choco- late, and other sweetmeats
Food, bi-andied fruits
Foods, cinnamon of all kinds .
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.492
.984 .164
,328
.82 .016
.016
.492
.262
.066 .098 .013
1.64
.328
.066 .082 .131
ARTfCULO DE MERCANCf A.
carpines), punos y cuellos, camisas para hombre y otros semej antes no expresados
Lino 6 canamo, puro 6 mezcla- do, en encajes, tiras bordadas y embutidos
Lino 6 canamo, puro 6 mezcla- do, en coletas
Lino, puro 6 mezclado, en telas lisas 6 labradas, blancas 6 de color (exceptu^ndose los driles crudos), como las creas, pla- tillas, alemanisco, 6 sea g^- nero para manteles, tohallas, cobertores para cama, g^nero para siibanas y para forros de colchdn y los dem^s semej an- tes no expresados, sin costura ni bordado alguno
Lino 6 c^uamo, puro 6 mezclado, eu ropa hecha y en toda clase de utiles u objetos no denoml- nados
Lino 6 c^uomo,encuerdas, cables 6 embreados
Lino puro 6 mezclado en sacos, costales vacios, en canamo 6 canamazo, embreados 6 sin embrear y en hilo de canamo sin torcer, para coser sacos.. . . .
Lino 6 c^iiamo, puro 6 mezclado, en cintas, trencilla, flecos y dem^s semej antes no especifi- cados
Lino 6 canamo puro 6 mezclado en hilos para coser
Lino, 6 pita de canamo torcida.
Agua de florida
Harina. (V6ase alimentos)
Flores artificiales, de algoddn 6 de cualquier otra materia no denomiuada
Flores artificiales (material pre- pardo para), de toda clase no denominada
Alimentos, confites, pastil! as, chocolate y otros dulces
Alimentos, frutas en aguardiente
Alimentos, canela y canel6n
Derechos por kilo- gram o en moneda Salvado-
Pesos.
1.50
3.00 .50
LOO
2.50 .05
.05
1.50
.80 .20
.30 .04
5.00
1.00
.20 .25 .40
128
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Foods, common salt
Foods and condiments, fresh fruits, onions, beans, pulse, leu- tils, potatoes, and all kinds of vegetables in their natural state without preparation
Foods, corn starch, vermicelli, and macaroni
Foods, flour, vinegar
Foods, herrings, cod, and other fish, not further prepared ■ than dried, salted, or smoked, and meats of all kinds not con- tained in vessels of glass, tin, or other material
Foods, lavender, canary seed, aniseed, cloves, cumin, corian- der seed, and pepper
Foods, mustard, poAvdered, nut- megs, and tea
Foods, olives, capers, pick- les, mustard prepared, curry, sauces of all kinds, vegetables, truffles, butter, fish, and meat of all kinds prepared in vessels of tin, glass, earthenware or canvas covered ; dried fruits, shelled, raisins, figs, prunes, and dates; fruits preserved in water and syrup ; biscuits of all kinds, dry and sweet; cheese of all kinds ; sugar
Foods, saffron, edible
Foods, sago, tapioca, and other flours and alimentary pastes; cocoa ; syrups without alcohol ; fruits with shells, such as almonds, filberts, nuts, and others similar, and lard
Foods, wheat, oats, barley, and all other cereals not speci- fied
Fountains or fonts, iron. (See iron)
Fountains, iron, japanned. (See iron)
Fountains, marble. (See marble)
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars. .006
.006
.013 .013
.049
.049 .098
.066
.984
.033
.006
,026
.131 .007
ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA.
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado-
Alimentos, sal comiin
Alimentos y condimentos, frutas frescas, cebollas, habas, gar- banzos, lentej as, papas y toda legumbre en estado natural sin preparar
Alimentos, maicena, fideos y macarrones
Alimentos, harina, vinagre
Alimentos y condimentos, areu- ques, bacalao u otros pesca- dos, sin m^s preparaciou que secados, salados 6 ahimiados, y carnes de toda clase no con- tenidas en botes de vidrio, lata 6 de otra materia
Alimentos, alhucema, alpiste, anis, clavo de olor, comino, culantro y pimienta
Alimentos, mostaza en polvo, nuez-moscada y t6
Alimentos, aceitunas, alcapa- rras, encurtidos, mostaza pre- parada, curri^, salsas de to- da clase, legumbres, trufas, mantequilla, pescados y carnes de toda clase, preparados en botes de lata, vidrio, barro 6 brin ; frutas secas sin c^scara, pasas, higos, ciruelas, diitiles ; frutas conservadas en agua y almibar; galletas de toda clase, secas y dulces; quesos de toda clase ; azucar
Azafr^n de comer
Alimentos, sagii, tapioca y dem^s hariuas y pastas ali- menticias; cacao; jarabessin alcohol, frutas con c^scara, como almendras, avellanas, nueces y otras semej antes; manteca de puerco
Alimentos, trigo, avena, cebada y dem^s cereales no deno- minados
Fuentesopilasdehierro. (V6ase hierro) -
Fueutes de hierro, charolado. ( V^ase hierro)
Fuentesdem^rmol. (V^asemar- mol)
SALVADOR.
129
AETICLE OF MERCHAlfDISE.
Forks. (See knives)
Fringes, cotton. (See cotton) . .
Fringes, silk. (See silk)
Fringes, woolen. (See wool) . . . Fruits, branclied. (See foods).
Fruits, dried,sliellecl. (See foods)
Fruits with shells, such as al- monds,iilberts,uuts and others. (See foods)
Fruits, fresh. (See foods)
Fruits, preserved in water and
syrup. (See foods)
Furnaces, assaying. (See iron) . .
Furniture, bronze or brass. (See
bronze)
Furniture, iron. (See iron)
Furniture, wooden, of all kinds.
(See wood)
Galloons or threads of silver or
gold
Galloons, cotton. (See cotton). .
Galvanized or tinned iron for roofs. (See iron)
Garters, cotton. (See cotton)
Garters, silk. (See silk)
Gasoline. (See oil)
Gasometers and illuuiinatiug ap- paratus, excluding lamps. (See iron) per 100 pounds. .
Gauzes, cotton. (See cotton)
Gauzes, with silver and tinsel thread
Gin. (See spirits)
Ginger ale
Girdles, silk. (See silk)
Glass and glassware, common bottles, plain flasks, large bot- tles and demijohns, empty
Glass, etc., hollowed glassware, in vases, tumblers, cuj)S, gob- lets, tubes, flower shades, plates, and all other articles of glass not specified
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.328
1.97 .983 .085
.066
,033 ,006
,066 ,164
,197 ,033
,066
.82
,328
,164 ,328
,984 ,026
,164 ,328
,098 ,197 ,009 ,984
,009
,033
ARTfCULO DE MERCANCf A.
Tenedores. (V^ase cuchillos).. Franjas dealgoddu. (V6aseal-
god6n)
Franjas de seda. (Vc^ase seda) . . Franjas de lana. (V(5ase lana) . . Frutas en aguardiente. (V^ase
alimentos)
Frutas secas, sin c^scara. ( V^ase
alimentos)
Frvitas con c^scara, como al-
mendras, avellanas, nueces y
otras. (V^ase alimentos)
Frutas frescas. (Vease alimen- tos)
Frutas conservadas en agua y
almibar. (V6ase alimentos) . . Hornillasparaensayos. (Vease
hierro)
Muebles de bronce 6 laton.
(Vdase bronce)
Muebles de hierro. (V6ase
hierro)
Muebles de madera de toda clase.
(Vease madera)
Galones 6 hilos de plata u oro . . .
Galones de algodon. (Vease al- godon)
Hierro gah^anizado 6 estauado para techos
Ataderas de algodon. (Vease algodon)
Ataderas de seda. (Vease seda) .
Gasolina. (V^ase aceite)
Gasdmetros y aparatos de alum- brado, excluyendo las Mmpa- ras. (V6asehierro)losl00 kilos.
Gasas de algod6n. (Vease algo- don)
Gasas abrillantadas, con tejidos de plata u oro falso
Ginebra. (Vease aguardientes) .
Cerveza de jengibre
Cinturonesdeseda. (Vease seda)
Vidrio y cristaleria, botellas comunes, frascos de vidrio liso, botellones 6 damajuanas vacios
Vidrio y cristaleria, cristal 6 vidrio hueco, en vasos, copas, garrafas, tubos, fl o r e r o s , platos y todo articulo de solo vidio 6 cristal, no de- nominado
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado- rena.
Pesos.
1.00 6.00 3.00
.25
.20
.10
.02
.20
.50
.60
.10
.20 2.50
1.00
.50
1.00
3.00
.08
.50 1.00
.30
.60
.03
3.00
.03
.10
Bull. 58-
130
SALVADOR.
AETICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Glass, lamps, etc. (See illumi- nating articles.)
Glass, ftc, mirrors, witli or with- out frames, toys, buttons
Glass, etc., tiles, plate glass, white and colored, without painting or silvering
Glass, etc., watch crystals
Glasses, cupping. (See medi- cines)
Glasses, opera and field, mounted in silver, tortoise shell, mother of pearl, or ivory
Glasses, opera and field, mounted in any other material
Gloves, buckskin, and gauntlets, for fencing. (See leather) .
Gloves, kid, and other kinds of
fine gloves. (See leather)
Gloves, woolen. (See wool)
Glue, of all kinds
Gold, jewelry .'
Gold leaf, for gilding
Gum arable. (See medicines) . . , Guns, breech-loading
Guns, muzzle-loading, of all kinds, with or without appur- tenances
Grains not specified
Gypsum, calcined, in powder
Hair, horse, loose or in pillows, mattresses, cloth for furniture, and in any other form not spec- ified
Hair, human, genuine or imita- tion, manufactured or not
Hairpins. (See pins, etc)
Hammers. (See tools)
Hammocks, cotton. (See cotton) .
Handkerchiefs, cotton. (See cot- ton)
Handkerchiefs, linen. (Seeflax). Handkerchiefs, silk. (See silk) . .
Duty per pouiid in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.098
.016 .328
.066
1.31 .656
.328
.82 .656 .033 3.28 2.62
.066
.656
.328 .006 .006
.098
3.28 .197
,164
.226 .492 1.64
AETlCTJLO DE MEECANClA.
Vidrio en articulos de alumbra- do. ( V^ase esta palabra. )
Vidrio, espejos con 6 sin mar- cos, juguetes, botones
Vidrio, etc., tejas de vidrio, vidrios pianos, blancos y de color sin pintura ni esta no
Vidrio para reloj es
Ventosas. (V^ase medicinas) . . .
Anteojos para teatro 6 de larga vista, guarnicion de plata, carey, concha-niicar 6 marfil..
Anteojos para teatro 6 de larga vista, con guarnici6n de cual- quier otra materia
Guantes de ante y manoplas para juegos de florete. (V^ase cueros)
Guantes de cabritilla y otras clases finos. ( V6ase cueros) . .
Guantes de lana. (Vease lana) .
Cola de toda clase
Oroen joyas
Oro manufacturdo en hojas para dorar
Goma ar^biga. (Vease medi- cinas)
Escopetas de cargar por la recii- mara
Escopetas de piston de toda clase, con 6 sin utiles
Cereales no mencionados
Yeso calcinado en polvo
Cerdas 6 crines sneltas 6 en al-
mohadas, colchones, telas,
para muebles y en cualquier
otra forma no denominada
Cabello 6 pelo humauo 6 de imi-
tacidn eu bruto 6 en adoruo .. Horquillas. (V6ase alfileres,
etc)
Martillos. (Vease herramien-
tas)
Hamacas de algod<5n. (V6ase
algodon)
Pauuelos de algond6n. (V^ase
algod6n)
Pauuelos de lino. (V^ase lino) . . Paiiuelos de seda. (V6ase seda) .
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado-
SALVADOR.
131
|
AKTICLE OF MEECHASTDISB. |
Duty per pound in TJ. S. cur- rency. |
ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA. |
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado- reiia. |
|
Harnesses. (See leather) Hats, esparto grass, for ladies and children, with or without |
Dollars. .229 .492 1.64 .492 .492 .115 .033 .197 .115 .164 .164 .066 .082 .033 .082 .082 .098 .033 .164 .026 .197 .328 .164 |
Ameses. (V^asecueroj Sombreros de esparteria, para senoras 6 niiios, con 6 sin adornos |
Pesos. .70 1.50 |
|
Hats, Panama and palm |
Sombreros de junco y jipijapa.. Sombreros 6 gorras para senoras 6 ninos de cualquier otra clase no denominada Sombreros y gorras 6 cofias de cualquiera clase no denomi- nada, para hombres y ninos .. Hachuelas. (V6ase hierro) Ccinamo. (V^ase lino) |
5.00 |
|
|
Hats, bonnets, or caps for ladies or children, of any other kind not specified |
1.50 |
||
|
Hats, caps, and headdresses of all kinds not specified, for men and children |
1.50 |
||
|
Hatchets. (See iron) |
.35 |
||
|
Henbane. (See medicines) Hooks and eyes and clasps of wire of every kind |
Beleno. (V^ase medicinas) Broches 6 corchetes de alambre de cualquiera clase |
.10 ,60 |
|
|
Hooks, fish. (See iron) Hoops, wooden, and hoop poles. (See wood) . . .per 100 pounds. - |
Anzuelos. (V^ase hierro) Arcos de madera y flejes j)ara bariles. (V^ase madera) los 100 kilos. . |
.35 .50 |
|
|
Houses, iron, portable. (See iron) per 100 jiounds. . Hydrometers |
Casas desarmadas de hierro. ( V6ase hierro) . .los 100 kilos . . Pesa-licores |
.50 .05 |
|
|
Illuminating articles, chande- liers, lanterns, lamps of glass, crystal, porcelain, etc., chim- neys, globes, shades, when im- ported with lamps |
Alumbrado (articulos de), ara- nas, faroles y Mmparas de vid- rio, cristal, porcelana, etc., tubos, globos, pantallas, vi- niendo con l^mparas |
.25 |
|
|
Illuminating articles, chimneys and globes for lamias, when im- ported separately, pay the same as hollow glassware |
Alumbrado (articulos de), los tubos y globos jsara Mmparas, cuando vengan solos, pagar^n como vidrios huecos |
.10 |
|
|
Illuminating articles, holders, brackets, bottoms, stands, burners, and other accessories for lamps, not otherwise speci- fied |
Alumbrado (articulos de), re- cipieutes, depositos, brazos, arcos, quemadores y todo ac- cesorio para lamparas, no de- nominado . . . |
.25 |
|
|
Illuminating articles, cotton and wicks for lamps |
Alumbrado (articulos de), pa- bilo y mechas para Mmparas . . Figuras y munecas de toda clase y materia no denominada Caucho en bruto |
.25 |
|
|
Images and dolls of all kinds and materials not specified India rubber, unmanufactured |
.30 .10 |
||
|
India-rubber belts or pieces for machinery per 100 pounds . . India-rubber covers for floors and wagons |
Caucho en fajas 6 piezas para maquinarias los 100 kilos . . Caucho para pisos y toldos de carreta |
.50 .08 |
|
|
India-rubber articles not speci- fied |
Caucho manufacturado en ob- jetos no especificados Caucho en capas, zapatos, botas y otros semej antes de toda clase |
.60 |
|
|
India rubber, waterproof coats, shoes, boots, and other similar articles of every kind |
1.00 |
||
|
India rubber, valve packing, per 100 pounds . . |
Caucho jiara empaques de vfil- i vulas los 100 kilos . . |
.50 |
132
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
India rubber, waterproof for ta- ble covers and. other purposes , Inlc, for printing or lithf>grapb-
iQg --.
Inlc, for writing or marking
Inkstands, wooden. (See wood).
Instruments, musical, such as pianos, organs, etc
Instruments, musical, of any other class, not specified
Instruments, scientific, not speci- fied
Instruments, surgical, with or without case. (See iron)
Iron articles, such as adzes, braces, bits, augers, gimlets, drills, chisels, gouges, trowels, jackplanes, planes, channeling planes, haminers, screwdrivers, squares, plumbs, compasses, and all other fine tools, with or without wooden handles, for artisans
Iron articles, such as kettles, an- vils, hand vises, hammers, and pinchers for blacksmiths, por- table forges, bottle-carriers, traps for moles and rats, rivets, stone-hammers, spikes, and all other tools and implements of this kind not specified
Duty per
pound ill
IT. S. CUT -
rency.
ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA.
Iron gratings
Iron, bits for animals, spurs, stir- rups, thimbles, links, steels, hatchets, fishhooks, wrenches, corkscrews, and all other ob- jects of this kind not specified.
Iron, cast, cookstoves, cooking ntensils, fountains or fonts, flower and plant vases, ovens, portable stoves, mortars, hand mills for coffee and other uses, letter presses, platform scales, balances, hand tools, statues,
Dollars.
.131
.003 .033 .082
•
.066 .131
.328 .328
,115
.033 .026
.115
Caucho en ahulados 6 encerados
para carpetas li otros usos
Tinta para imprenta 6 litografia.
Tinta para escribir 6 marcar . . .
Tinteros de madera. (Vease
madera)
Instrumentos de miisica, como pianos, drganos, etc
Instrumentos de miisica de cualquier otra clase no de- nominada
Instrumentos cientificos no de- nominados
Instrumentos de cirugia, con 6 sin estuche ( Vease hierro) . . .
Hierro en piezas, como azuelas, berbiques, brocas, barrenos, taladros, tarrajas, escoplos, formones, gurvias, trullas, (6 sean cucharas de albanil), gar- lopas, garlopiiies, cepillos, guiamenes, acanaladores, martillos, destornilladores, escuadras, plomadas, com- pases y demas herraiuientas finas, con 6 sin mango de uia- dera, para artesanos
Hierro en piezas, como peroles, yunques, eiitanallas, mazos y pinzas para herreros, fraguas portatiles, porta -botellas, tranqias para topos 6 ratas, remaches, martillos para rom- per piedra, periios y demits herramieiitas y utiles por el estilo, no denominados
Hierro en verjas
Hierro en piezas, como frenos para bestias, espuelas, estri- boss, para gaMpagos, dedales, eslabones, afiladoras, hachue- las, anzuelos. Haves maestras, tirabuzoiies y demas objetos por el estilo, no especificados .
Hierro fundido en piezas, como cocinas, baterias de cocina, fuentes 6 pilas, vasos para flores 6 plantas, hornillas, anafes, alinireces, molinos para caf6 u otros usos, jiren- sas para cartas, romanas de
Derechos por kilo- gram o en moiieda Salvado- rena.
SALVADOR.
133
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
tailors' irons, and other similar objects
Iron, cast, enameled, in articles for domestic and other uses
Iron, bars, plates, and sheets
Iron, cast, sadirons and weights.
Iron, cooking utensils
Iron, japanned, manufactured in articles such as waiters, su- gar bowls, trays, cash boxes, basins, water pipes, table cas- ters, fountains, fruit stands, watering pots, and all other objects for domestic and other uses
Iron, knives, daggers, or pon- iards, with ivory, tortoise shell, silver, or mother of pearl handle
Iron, machetes, daggers, knives, and poniards
Iron, the same, with leather scabbards
Iron, mattocks, shovels, rakes, picks, bars, crowbars, sickles, hatchets, pruning knives, axes, plow points, and all other ordinary implements of this kind
Iron, nails, tacks, and brads of all kinds
Iron, cradles, beds, cots, camp stools, sofas, and other arti- cles of furniture
Iron, locks for doors, windows, or furniture, padlocks, rings, bolts, hasjis, door knockers and furniture knobs, hinges, screws, and other iron arti- cles for windows, doors, and furniture
Iron, the same, of any other class not specified ,
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars. .026
.039 .013 .016 .066
,131
,656 ,066
,131
,033 ,033 ,033
,098 ,098
ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA.
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado- rena.
plata-forma, balanzas, m a- quinitas de mano, estatuas, planchas para sastre y demas objetos por estilo ,
Hierro fuudido, esmaltado, ma- nufacturado en piezas para uso dom6stico y otros usos
Ilierro en barras, Mmiuas, jilan- chas 6 planchuelas
Hierro en planchas para plan- chadores y pesas
Hierro en utiles para bateria de cocina
Hierro charolado, manufactu- rado en piezas, como azafates, azucareros, cauastillas, caji- tas para valores y otros usos, agua-maniles, tubos para agua, talleres de mesa, fu- entes, fruteros, regaderas y demas objetospara uso dom6s- tico y otros usos
Hierro, cuchillos, dagas 6 pu- nales, con mango de marfil, carey, j)lata 6 concha-niicar . .
Hierro mauufacturado en ma- chetes, dagas, cuchillos y punales
Hierro,lo8 mismos,con vainas de cuero
Hierro manufacturado en piezas como azadones, palas, ras- trillos, picas, piochas, ma- canas, barretas, hoces, poda- doras, hachas, puntas para arador y demas herramientas ordinarias por el estilo
Hierro en clavos, tachuela 6 puntilla de toda clase
Hierro en piezas, como cuuas, camas, catres, silletas, sofiis y demits muebles jjor el estilo . .
Hierro en piezas, como cerradu- ras para puertas, ventanas 6 muebles, candados, argollas, pasadores, fall etas, cerrojos de aldabas, llamadores de puertas y muebles, bisagras, tornillos y demas herrajes para jiuertas, ventanas 6 muebles
Hierro enlos mismos de cualqui- er otra clase no denominada. .
.08
.12 .04 .05 .20
.40 2.00
.20 .40
.10 .10
.10
.30 .30
134
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Iron, penknives, with one blade, wooden or horn handles
Iron, penknives and razors, with handles of mother of pearl, ivory, tortoise shell, or silver . . .
Iron, penknives and razors of any other class
Iron, pipes and tubes for water or steam ; sheets, tinned or gal- vanized, for roofs; chains for carts or naval purposes, chains for surveyors; sugar molds; pulleys; lifting jacks; large presses for industrial pvirposes ; speaking trumpets; tires and wheels for carts, axles ; wheel- barrows ; rails and spikes ; ves- sels and parts thereof, anchors ; towers, columns, or pillars; gasometers and illuminating- apparatus, excluding lamps; telegraph wire ; lightning rods ; jnimps for wells, mines, or other purposes; machinery of all kinds for mining, agri- cultural, or manufacturing en- terprises ; motors of all degrees of power; water-tanks; masks for bee-keepers ; portable houses ; assaying furnaces ; levels; magnets; lithographic presses ; wire cloth for purify- ing coffee ; horse rakes ; cables and ropes of wire, either brass or iron per 100 pounds . .
Iron, pointed knives, with bone or horn handle, and can- openers
Iron safes
Iron, shoes for animals and chains
Iron, steelyards of all kinds and spigots for casks
Iron, surgical instruments with or without case
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars. .098
,656 ,197
164
.098 .049
.033 .049 .328
ARTlCULO DE MERCANCf A.
Hierro en corta-plumas de una sola cuchilla y mangos de ma- dera 6 cuerno
Hierro en corta-plumas y navajas, con mangos de con- cha-n^car, marfil, carey 6 plata
Hierro en corta-plumas y navaj as de cualquier otra clase
Hierro, caneria y tuberia para aguadvapor; laminas, esta- uadas 6 galvanizadas, j)ara techos, cadenas para carros 6 usos navales, cadenas para agrimensores, moldes para aziicar ; garruchas ; gatos para levan tar pesos ; p r e n s a s grandes para la indiistria; bocinas ; llantas y ruedas para carros, ejes; carretillas de mauo; rieles y clavos para rieles ; embarcaciones 6 piezas .para estas, anclas, torres; columnas 6 pilares; gasome- tros y aparatos de alumbrado, excluyendo las Mmparas; alambreparatelegrafos;para- rayos; bombas para pozos, minas u otros usos; maqui- naria de toda clase para em- presas mineras, agricolas <5 fabriles ; motores de toda clase de fuerza ; tanques para agua ; caretaspara castrar colmenas ; casas desarmadas; hornillas para ensay OS de metal; niveles; imiin; preusaslitogriificas; tela de alambre para beneficio del caf6 y rastriDos para fuerza animal; cables 6 cuerdas de alambre, de latdn 6 hierro, los 100 kilos..
Hierro en cuchillos depunto, con mango de hueso 6 cuerno y en cuchillos para abrir latas.
Hierro manufacturado en cajas fuertes para gnardar valores. .
Hierro manufacturado en herra- durasparabestiasy en cadenas,
Hierro en romanas de toda clase y Haves para pipas
Hierro manufacturado en instru- mentos de cirugfa,con 6 sin es- tuche
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado- rena.
Pesos.
SALVADOR.
135
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Iron, tableknives, forks, with handles of ivory, tortoise shell, mother-of-pearl, or silver
Iron, tablespoons
Iron, tinned, articles such as pitchers, buckets, basins, hip and foot baths, chandeliers, candlesticks, and other objects for domestic and other uses
Iron, vrire, 4 millimeters diame- ter and under
Iron, wire cloth, cages, and all other wire articles not specified .
Iron, wrought, enameled, cooking- utensils, water pitchers, water jars, coffeepots, milk pitchers, dishes, plates, mugs, cups, boil- ers, forks, ladles, bathtubs, spittoons, chamberpots, pipes for water, and other articles of domestic and other use
Iron, wrought, nickel-j)lated, in articles for any use
Iron, wrought, tinned, articles such as nails, tacks of all kinds, buckles, tinned or ja- panned, and currycombs ,
Ivory, all kinds of articles not specified
Ivory, unmanufactured
Jacks, for lifting weights. (See iron )
Jewelry, gold or imitation
Jewelry, silver. (See silver) ...
Kerosene oil. (See oils)
Knapsacks. (See leather)
Knives. (See iron)
Knives, with leather scabbards.
(See iron)
Knives, pointed, with bone or
horn handle. (See iron)
Knives and forks, with ivory, tor- toise shell, or silver handles . .
Duty per pound in IT. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.656
,098
.066 ,039 ,098
.082
.164
.066
.656 .328
.164
3.028
.656
.026
.229 .066
.131
.098
.656
ARTlCULO DE MERCANClA.
Derechos por kilo- gram o en moneda Salvado- reiia.
Hierro en cuchillos, tenedores, con mangos do marfil, carey, coricha-nacar 6 plata
Hierro en cucharas de mesa
Hierro estanado mauufacturado en jiiezas, come cantaros, cu- bos, baldes, agua-mauiles, ba- iios de asiento y de jties, cau- deleros, palmatorias y demils objetos para uso domestico y otros usos
Hierro en alambre desde cuatro milimetros de diametro inclu- sive para abajo
Hierro en tela de alambre, j au- las y demiis objetos en alam- bre no especificados
Hierro forjado, esmaltado, ma- nufacturado,enpiezas,paraba- teria de cocina, agua-mauiles, jaros para agua, cafeteras, lecheras, fuentes, platos, va- sos, tasas, pailas, tenedores, cucharones, banos de asiento 6 de pies, escupideras, baciui- cas, tubos para agua y demtis utiles de uso domestico j otros usos
Hierro forjado, maniifacturado en objetos niquelados para cualquier uso
Hierro, forjado, estanado, mauu- facturado, en piezas, como cla- vos y tachuelas de toda clase, hevillas,estanadas 6 charola- das, y almohazas
Marfil fabricndo en toda clase de objetos no especificados . . .
Marfil en bruto
Gatos para levantar pesos. (Vease hierro)
Joyeria de oro 6 de dubl6
Joyas de plata. _(V6ase plata) .
Aceite de kerosina. (V6ase aceites)
Mochilas. (Vease cueros)
Cuchillos. (Vease hierro)
Cuchillos con vainas de cuero. (Vease hierro)
Cuchillos de puuto, con mango de hueso 6 cuerno. (V^ase hierro)
Cuchillos 6 tenedores, con man- gos de marfil, carey 6 plata . . .
2.00 .30
.20 .12 .30
.25 .50
.20
2.00 1.00
.so- lo. 00
2.00
.08 .70 .20
.40
.30 2.00
136
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Knives and forks, all other kinds.
Knives, with ivory, tortoise shell, silver, or mother-of-pearl han- dles. (See iron)
Laces, cotton. (See cotton)
Laces, linen. (See flax, etc)
Laces, silk. (See silk)
Laces, woolen. (Seewool)
Lamps. (See illuminating arti- cles)
Lanterns. (See illuminating arti- cles) :
Lard. (See foods)
Lavender. (See foods, etc)
Lavender water
Lawn, cotton. (See cotton)
Lead, in bars
Lead, bullets or drop shot
Lead, pipes, or sheets for roofing .
Lead, toys and other objects
Leather, belts for machinery
Leather, belts, of leather or patent leather, with or without gilded or silvered ornaments, for swords and sabers
Leather, boots, shoes, and leg- gings of all classes not speci- fied
Leather, calfskins and patent leather for shoes and carriages.
Leather, dressed sheepskins, mo- rocco, buckskin, chamois, soles for shoes, tanned cowskins, and other skins without hair or enamel, not specified
Leather, gloves of buckskin, gauntlets for fencing and for ball-playing
Leather, kid and other kinds of fine gloves
Leather, saddles, harnesses, straj)s, headstalls, halters, covers, holsters, bridles, reins, powder flasks, and other sim- ilar articles
Duty per pound in
U. S. cur reucy.
Dollars. .098
.656
.82
.984 L97 .983
.082
.082 .033
.049
.098 .328
.013 .026 .013
.098
.098
.492
.656 .098
.066
.328
.82
.229
ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA.
Cuchillos otenedores de cualqui- er otra clase
Cuchillos con mangos de marfil, carey, plata 6 concha-nacar. ( V6ase hierro)
Encajes de algoddn. (V^ase algoddn)
Encajes de lino. (V^ase lino) .
Encajes deseda. (V6ase seda) .
Encajes de lana. (V6aselana) .
L^mparas. (V6ase alumbrado).
Faroles. (Y6a. alumbrado) . . .
Manteca de puerco. (V6ase ali- mentos)
Alhucema. (Vease alimentos, etc)
Agua de lavanda
Cambray de obispo. (Vease al- god6u )
Plomo en barras
Plomo en balas 6 munici6n
Plomo manufacturado en cafie- rias 6 laminas para techos
Plomo en juguetes li otros ob- j etos
Cueros en fajas para maquinaria.
Cueros, cinturones de cuero 6 de charol, con 6 sin guarniciones doradas 6 plateadas, para sables 6 espadas
Cueros, calzado y sobre-botas de cualquiera clase no denomi- nada
Cueros, becerros y cueros charo lados para calzado y carruajes.
Cueros, badanas," tafiletes, ga- muzas, antes, zuelas para cal- zado, vaquetas y otros cueros sin pelo y sin charol, no de- nominados
Cueros, guantes de ante, mano- j)las y juegos de florete para pelotas
Cueros, guantes de cabritilla y otras clases, finos
Cueros, sillas de montar, arci- ones, arneses, bajadoras, ca- bezadas, jaquimas, fundas, pistoleras, riendas, tenedoras, polvorines y otros seme- j antes
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado- refia.
.70
SALVADOR.
137
|
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. |
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency. |
ARTlCULO DE MERCANCfA. |
Dereclios por kilo- gram 0 en nioneda Salvado- rena. |
|
Leather, saddlebags, knapsacks, and traveling bags |
Dollars. .229 .229 .229 .162 .328 .229 .013 .009 .026 .098 .164 .492 .328 .164 .098 .013 .066 .131 .164 .164 .164 |
Cueros, bolsones, mochilas ysa- cos de viaj e |
Pesos. .70 |
|
Leather, suspenders, orofpatent leather |
Cueros, tirantes de cuero 6 de charol |
.70 |
|
|
Leather, trunks or valises of leather or imitation |
Cueros, baules 6 maletas de cuero 6 imitacion |
.70 |
|
|
Leather, undressed sheepskins, skins cured with hair on, and fur robes |
Cueros, zaleas, pieles con pelo y pellones ^ Cueros, viceras para kepi, gorros y otros semej antes |
.50 |
|
|
Leather, visors for caps, and other similar articles |
1.00 |
||
|
Leather, manufactured in any form not specified |
Cueros en articulos fabricados en cualquiera forma no de- nominada |
||
|
.70 |
|||
|
Leeches |
Sanguijuelas |
.04 |
|
|
Lemonade |
Limonada |
.03 |
|
|
Letter presses. (See iron) |
Prensas para cartas. (Vease hierro) |
.08 |
|
|
Levels, not specified |
Niveles, no denominados Para-rayos. (V6ase hierro) los 100 kilos . |
.30 |
|
|
Lightning rods. (See iron) per 100 pounds. . Linen. (See flax, p. 12.) Linen, fine dress goods, Irish linens, cambrics, batistes, and all other material for dresses. (See flax) |
.50 |
||
|
Lino. (Vease lino, p. 12.) Lino, en telas finas, Irlandes, cambrayes, batistas y toda otra tela para vestidos. ( V^ase lino) |
1.50 |
||
|
Linen, in plain or worked goods, white or colored (excejjt crude drills), creas, silesia, damask, or other goods for tablecloths, towels, bedspreads, sheetings, matti-ess covers, and for other similar purposes, not specified, without needlework or em- broidery. (See flax) |
Lino en telas lisas 6 labradas blancas 6 de color (excej)tuan- dose los driles crudos), creas, platillas, alemanisco 6 sea g(Snero para manteles, tohallas, cobertores i)ara cama, genero para siibanas y para forros de colchon y los dem^s seme- j antes no expresados, sin cos- tura ni bordado alguuo. (V^ase lino) |
||
|
LOO |
|||
|
Lithographic i)re8ses. (See iron) per 100 jiounds . . Looking glasses, with or without frames |
Prensas litogr^ficas. (V6ase hierro) los 100 kilos.. Espejos con 6 sin marcos Macarrones. (Vease alimentos). Machetes. (Vease hierro) Machetes, con vainas de cuero. (Vease hierro) |
.50 .30 |
|
|
Macaroni. (See foods) |
.04 |
||
|
Machetes. (See iron) |
.20 |
||
|
Machetes, with leather scab- bards. (See iron) |
.40 |
||
|
Machinery of all kinds for min- ing, agricultural, or manufac- turing enterprises. (See iron) per 100 pounds . . Machinery of all kinds not speci- fied per 100 pounds . . Magnets. (See iron) per 100 pounds . . |
Maquinaria de toda clase para empresas mineras, agricolas 6 fabriles. (Vease hierro). .. los 100 kilos.. |
.50 |
|
|
M^quinas de toda clase no de- nominada los 100 kilos. . Im^n. (V6ase hierro) |
.50 |
||
|
los 100 kilos.. |
.50 |
138
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Marble, in slabs, for furniture tops, tiles, tablets, statuary, or pieces for the same, or for fountains
Marble, in any other form not specified
Matches of all kinds
Match ropes, for smokers. (See cotton)
Matting, of ru.shes, straw, cocoa, palm leaf, or other material not si)ecified
Mattocks. (See iron)
Mattresses, wool, horsehair, or other material
Measiares, of all kinds
Medallions or breast pins, tor- toise shell, mother-of iJearl, ivory, or silver
Medallions or breastpins of any other material not specified
Medicines, bicarbonates of soda and potassa
Medicines, bromides of potas- sium, sodium, anunonivim, lith- ium, etc. ; phosphate of lime, soda, and potassia; cream of tartar ; tartaric, oxalic, and phe- nic acids ; white extracts, dry or fluid; camphor; balsam of copaiba ; manna of all kinds ; gum arable in pieces or powder ; plasters and adhesive cloths; chloroform ; sulphuric ether ; pastilles, pastes, drops, pills, and globules ; iodides of i)otas- sium, sodium, ammonium, lead, etc. ; suspensories, trusses, or any other bandage ; syringes of all classes, absorbent cotton for surgery; nursing bottles, breast pumps, and cupping glasses
Medicines, medicinal flours, such as sago, tapioca, lactated or other similar kinds not speci- fied
Medicines, medicinal wines, such as of quinine, peptona, pepsin, lacto-phosphate of lime, and others not specified
Duty per pound in IT. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
,007
,098 ,066
,262
033 ,033
,098 ,098
,656 ,197 ,033
.066
,033
,033
ARTfCIJLO DE MERCANCf A.
Marmol en tablas, para cubier- tas de muebles, ladrillos, lapi- das, est^tuas 6 en piezas para 6stas 6 para f uentes
Marmol en cualquier otra forma no denomiuada
F()sforos de toda clase
Mechas de algod6n para fuma- dores. ( Vease algodon)
Esterasdejunquillo, paja, coco, palma u otras materias no de- nominadas
Azadoiies. (Vease hierro)
Colchones de Ian a, cerdaii otra materia
Medidas de toda clase
Medallones 6 prendedores de carey, concha-n^car, marfil 6 plata
Medallones de cualquier otra materia no expresada
Medicinas, bicarbonatos de sosa y potasa
Medicinas, bromuros de j)otasio, sodio, amonio, litio, etc; fos- fato de cal, soda y potasa; cremor ; ^cido tartilrico, ox^- lico, fenico; extractos blan- cos, secos 6 fluidos; alcanfor; b^lsamo de copaiba; man^ de toda clase ; goma ariibiga, entera 6 en polvo ; emplastos y telas emplasticas ; clorofor- mo ; ^ter sulfiirico ; jjastillas, pastas, graj eas,pildoras, gr^nu- los; yodurosde potasio, sodio, amonio, plomo, etc. ; suspen- sories, Ijragueros 6 cuahiuier otro vendaje ; jeringas de toda clase, algodones medicinales para lacirugia; mamaderas, tira-leches y ventosas
Medicinas, harinas medicinales, como sagii, tapioca, lacteada y otras semej antes no deuomi- nadas
Medicinas, vinos medicinales, como de quina, jjeptona, pep- slna, lacto-fosfato de cal y otros no expresados
Derechos por kilo- gram o en moneda Salvado-
Pesos.
SALVADOR.
139
ARTICLE OP MERCHAKDISE.
MedicineS; salts of strychnia, aconite, atropia, digitalis, ver- atrine, morphine, quassia, co- caine, and other allcaloids ; salts of gold, silver, and pla- tinum
Medicines, sulphate of copper, sulphate of zinc ; sal ammoniac ; medicinal oils, such as almond, castor, palma christi, cod liver (pure or in emulsions) ; hen- bane ; belladonna ; soothing syrup ; liquid ammonia; spirits of turpentine ; vaseline ; leaves, flowers, buds, seeds, barks, roots, and scrapings
Medicines, sulphate of magnesia (Epsom salts), chalk or car- bonate of lime, siilphate of iron, alum, sulphate of soda, muriatic, suli)huric, nitric, and acetic acids
Medicines, tar beverages, such as ''Goudron de Guyot" and oth- ers not specified
Medicines, not specified ,
Mercery, of all kinds not speciiied.
Merino. (See wool)
Mills, hand, for coffee and other uses. (See iron)
Moldings, gilded, jtainted, or var- nished. ( See wood)
Moldings, not gilded or var- nished. (See wood)
Morocco. (See leather)
Mother-of-pearl buttons. (See buttons)
Mother-of-pearl,unmanufactured
Mother-of-pearl in any other form not specified
Motors oi all degrees of power. (See iron)
Musical instruments, such as pianos, organs, etc
Musical instruments of any other class not specified s
Duty per pouuci in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.328
Muslin, cotton. (See cotton). Muslin, silk. (See silk)
.033
.013
.049 .098
.197
.328
.026
.082
.016 .066
.197 .066
.656
.164
.066
.131 .328 1.64
ARTlCULO DE MEECANCf A.
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado- rena.
Medicinas, sales de estricnina, aconitina, atroi)ina, eserina, digitalina, veratrina, morfina, quasina, cocaina y demsts alca- 16ides; sales de oro, plata y platino
Medicinas, sulfato de cobre, de zinc; sal amoniaco; aceites medicinales, como de almen- dras, castor, palmacristi, ba- calao (puro 6 emulsionado) ; beleno ; belladona ; biilsamo tran(iTiilo ; amoniaco liquido ; aguas-ras; baselina; hojas, flores, follculos, semillas, cor- tezas, raises, rasuras
Medicinas, sulfato de magnesia (sal de Inglaterra), creta 6 carbonato de cal, sulfato de hierro, alumbre, sulfato de soda, ^cido umriatico, sul- fiirico, nitrico y acctico
Medicinas, bebidas alquitraua- das, como "Goudron de Guyot" y otros no denominadas
Medicinas, no denominadas en la presente tarifa
Merceria, de toda clase, no de- nominada
Merino. (V(^aselana)
Molinos para caf6 it otros usos. (Vease hierro)
Molduras, doradas, pintadas 6 barnizadas. (Vease madera)
. Molduras, sin dorar ni barnizar. (V6ase madera)
Tafiletes. (Vease cueros)
Concha-n^car en botones (figu- *ran en botones)
Concha-n^car en bruto
Concha-nacar en cualquiera otra forma no denominada
Motor es de toda clase de fuerza
Instrumentos de musica, como pianos, 6rganos, organillos, etc
Instrumentos de nnisi ca, de cual- quier otra clase no denomi- nada
Muselina de algodon. (V6ase algodon)
Muselina de seda. ( V6ase seda)
Pesos.
1.00
.10
.04
.15
.30
.60 1.00
.08
.25
.05 .20
.60 .20
2.00 .50
.20
.40
1.00 5.00
140
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MEKCHANDISE.
Mustard, powdered. (See foods)
Mustard, prepared. (See foods) .
Nails, iron. (See irou) ,
Nails, tacks, and brads, of bronze or copper. (See bronze)
Nankeen. (See flax)
Napbtlaa. (See oil)
Necklaces, glass, composition, or other similar material
Necklaces, ivory, tortoise-sbell, or mother-of-pearl
Needles of all classtes and sizes. Nipples for guns or pistols
Nursing bottles. (See medi- cines)
Nuts. (See foods)
Nutmegs. (See foods)
Oakum j)er 100 pounds..
Oars for boats. (See wood)
per 100 pounds . .
Oats
Oil, cocoanut
Oil, cotton-seed
Oil, gasoline
Oil, kerosene
Oil, linseed
Oil, naphtha
Oil, olive
Oil, petroleum
Oil, rape seed
Oil, whale
Olives. (See foods)
Organs. (See ins trument s ,
musical)
Oxalic acid. (See medicines)
Paints, mixed
Paints, in powder
Paper, blank books of all sizes, with or without ruling
Paper and cardboard, in articles for domestic use or in any other form not specified
Paper, cardboard, blotting pa- per, brown or other common wrapping paper
Paper and cardboard, white, not sized and colored, for printiug.
Duty per pouiid in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars. .098
.066
.066
.131
.164 .026
.197
.656 .197 .197
.066 ,033 .098
.162
.164 .006 .026 .026 .026 .026 .026 .026 .026 .02a .026 .026 .066
.066 .066
.033 .016
.065
.098
.009 .033
AETlCTJLO DE MERCANCIA.
Derechos por kilo- gramo en nioneda Salvado- reiia.
Mostaza en polvo. (V^ase ali- mentos)
Mostaza preparada. (V^aseali- mentos)
Clavosdehierro. (V6asehierro)
Clavos, tachuelas 6 puntillas de bronce 6 cobre. (Vease bronce)
Coletas. (V6aselino)
Naphta. (V^ase aceites)
Collares de vidrio, composici6n y otras materias semej antes
Collares de marfil, carey 6 con- cha-n^car
Agujas de toda clase 6 tamano.
Chimeneas para escopetas 6 pis- tolas
Mamaderas. (V(5asemedicinas).
Nueces. (Vease alimentos)
Nuez-moscada. (V^ase alimen-
tos)
Estopa para calafatear,
los 100 kilos..
Eemos para embarcaciones.
(V^asemadera) .per 100 kilos. .
Avena ,
Aceite de coco
Aceite de algod6n
Aceite de gasolina
Aceite de kerosina
Aceite de linaza
Aceite de naphta
Aceite de olivas
Aceite de petroleo
Aceite de nabo
Aceite de ballena
Aceitunas. (V6ase alimentos) . <3rganos. (V^ase instrumentos
de musica)
Acido oxalico. (V^ase niedi-
cinas)
Pintura preparada
Pintura en polvo
Papel, libros en bianco de todo
tamano, rayados 6 sin rayar. . Paj)el y carton en objetos de
uso domestico 6 cualquier
otra forma no especificacla
Papel en carton, en secante, de
estraza u otro ordinsirio para
empacar
Papel y cart6u bianco sin cola
y de colores, para imprentar.
SALVADOR.
141
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Paper, cardboard, empty boxes, or in sheets, for bookbinding, litbograpbing, photograph- ing, and other industrial uses.
Paper, cigarette paper of all kinds
Paper, copies for drawing and majis
Paper, for flowers, or any other kind not specified
Paper, gilded, silvered, or enam- eled, for making flowers or other similar uses
Paper, playing cards, fine or common
Paper, sandjiaper of all kinds . .
Paper, wall paper and marbled and colored paper for book- binders or other uses
Paper, Avritiug paper of all kinds and envelopes
Paraffin, in cakes
Paraffin, manufactured in any form
Parchment, in sheets
Passementerie of metal or enam- eled bugles, for embroidery . . .
Pearls, fine
Pearls, imitation, of wax, paste, or glass
Pens, gold
Pens, of every other class not specified
Pencils of all kinds not specified
Pencil cases, ivory, tortoise shell, or mother-of-pearl
Pencil cases of any other kind not specified ,
Penknives. (See razors)
Pepper. (See foods)
Percussion caps, for firearms . . .
Perfumery of all kinds not spec-' ified -
Pewter spoons, ladles, forks, and other articles for domestic use
Phenic acid. (See medicines) . . .
Phosphate of lime, soda and po-
tassa. (See medicines)
Duty per pound in IJ. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.009 .098 .016 .065
.164
.098 .019
.082
.065 .033
.049 .197
.82 3.28
.197 3.28
.263 .098
.656
.098
,049 .197
.098 .098
.066 .066
ARTfCULO DE MERCANCf A.
Papel, cart6n en cajas vaclas 6 en hojas para encuaderna- ci6n, litografia, fotograf ia y para otros usos industriales .
Papel de fumar para cigarrillos de toda clase
Papel, modelos para dibujo y mapas
Papel para flores 6 de cualqui- er otra clase no denominada. .
Papel, dorado, plateado 6 esmal- tado, para hacer flores ti otros semejautes -.
Papel en naipes finos ii ordina- rios
Papel, en papel de lija de toda clase
Papel para tapizar y el jas- peado 6 pintado para forros de libros ti otros usos
Papel para escribir de toda clase y en cubiertas
Parafino en marqueta
Parafino elaborado en cualqui- era forma
Pergamino en hojas
Eecortes de metal 6 bombilla de esmalt* para bordar
Perlas finas
Perlas, falsas, de cera, pasta, 6 vidrio
Plumas de oro para escribir
Plumas para escribir, de cualqui- er otra clase no denomiuada. ,
Lapices de toda clase no especi- ficados
Lapiceros de marfil, carey, 6 concha-niicar
Lapiceros de cualquier otra clase no denominados
Corta-plumas. (Vdasenavajas.),
Pimienta. ( V6ase alimentos. ) . .
Fulminantes, para armas de fitego
Perfumeria de toda clase no de- nominada
Peltre, manufacturado en cu- charas, cucharones,teuedores, y demsis objetos para uso do m(5stico
Acidofenico. (V<5asemedici-na8)
Fosfato de cal, soda y potasa. (V^Use medicinas)
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado- rena.
Pesos.
.03 .30 .05 .20
.50 .30 .06
.25
.20 .10
.15 .60
2.50 10.00
.60 10.00
.80
.30
2.00
.30
.15
.60
.30
.30 .20
.20
142
SALVADOR-
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Pianos. (See instruments, musi- cal)
Pickles. (See foods)
Pictures of all classes and mate- rials, with or without frames..
Pillars or columns, iron. (See iron) per 100 pounds . .
Pillows and beds of feathers
Pillows and mattresses, wool, horsehair, or other material
Pins, common, large pins and hairpins of all classes and forms
Pipes or cigar-holders, with real or imitation meerschaum mouthpiece, with or without amber
Pipes, etc., of any other material.
Pipes and tubes, iron, for water or steam. (See iron)
per 100 pounds . .
Piqu6, silk. (See silk)
Pistols, breech loading, and re- volvers . - -
Pistols, muzzle loading
Pitch, common -
Pitch and rosin
Plants, living, per 100 pounds . ..
Plated ware, tableware, of nickel, copper, bronze, brass or white metal, silver plated or gilded, such as tea and coffee sets, trays, milk pitchers, tea- jjots, coffeepots, sugar bowls, plates, dishes, napkin rings, spoons, ladles, forks, sugar tongs, stands, pi'eserve dishes, butter dishes, fruit dishes, saltcellars, vases, candle- sticks, cuspidors,- pitchers, basins, cuj)s and bowls, purses, inkstands, crucifixes, crosses, cigar cases, stoppers, card re- ceivers, flowerpots, bells for animals, hand bells, and other articles of same materials not specified
Poison for skins, per 100 pounds.
Porcelain statuettes, flowers, or toys
Porcelain in any form not speci- fied. Porcelain includes all transparent chinaware
Duty per pouucl in IJ. S. cur- rency.
Dollars. .066 .066
.098
.164 .328
.098
197
.656 .262
.164 1.64
1.64 .328 .013 .016 .164
.656 .164
.098
,039
ARTlCULO DE MERCANClA.
Pianos. (V^ase instrumentos de mnsica)
Encurtidos. (Vdase alimentos). Cuadros de toda clase y materia,
con 6 sin marcos
Pilares 6 columnas de hierro.
(V6ase hierro)..los 100 kilos.. Almohadas y colchones de plumas Almohadas y colchones de lana,
cerda u otra materia
Alfileres comunes, zancas il hor-
quillas de cualquiera clase 6
forma
Pipas 6 fumadores, con boquilla
de espuma de mar 6 de imita-
cion, con 6 sin ^mbar
Pipas, etc., de cualquier otra materia
Caneria y tuberia para agua 6 vapor (Vease hierro) los 100 kilos..
Piqu^ de seda. (Vease seda) . . .
Pistolas de retrocarga y revol- veres
Pistoles de j)ist6n
Brea comun
Pez y resina ^
Plantas vivas, los 100 kilos
Vajilla de niquel, cobre,bronce, laton 6 metal bianco plateado 6 dorado, como servicios para t6 y caf6, bandejas, lecheras, teteras, cafeteras, azucareros, platos, fuentes, anillos jiara servilleta, cucharas, cucha- rones, tenedores, pinzas para aziicar, asientos, dulceras, mantequilleros, fruteros, sa- leros, vasos, candeleroi, pal- matorias, escupideras, jar- ros, agua-maniles, tasas y pai- las, porta-monedas, tinteros, crucifijos, cruces, cigarreras, tapones, tarjeteros, floreros, cascabeles, campanillas y otras de la misma materia no denominados
Veneno para cueros, los 100 kilos.
Porcelana enfiguras, flores 6 jii- guetes
Porcelana en cualquier otra forma no denominada. De- nominase porcelana toda losa trasparente
Derechos j)or kilo- gram o en inoneda Sal V ado-
SALVADOR.
143
ARTICLE OF MEKCHANDISE.
Portfolios or pocketbooks, of any material not specified
Portfolios or pocketbooks of card- board. (See paper.)
Powder flasks, with horu of metal, born, or leatber
Pumj)s, iron, for wells, mines, and otber j)iirposes. (See iron) per 100 pounds . .
Pnmj)S, wooden. (See wood) per 100 pounds . .
Purses or cigar cases of tortoise sbell, ivory, silver, or motber- of-pearl
Purses, etc., of any otber material not specified
Pails and spikes. (See iron) per 100 pounds . .
Raisins. (See foods)
Bazors and penknives of one blade, witb wooden or born bandle
Razors andpenknives, witb ban- dies of motber-of-pearl, ivory, silver, or tortoise sbell
Razors and penknives, of any otber class not specified
Revolvers. (See pistols)
Ribbons. (See silk)
Ropes, bemp. (See flax, etc)
Ropes or cables, wire, eitber brass or iron. (See iron) per 100 pounds .
Rosaries, coral, motber-of-pearl, tortoise sbell, or silver
Rosaries, all otber kinds not specified ,
Rosin
Rum
Rusb, straw or palm, for furni- ture or otber uses
Rusb, straw or palm, for bam- mocks and otber forms not mentioned
Russia duck, of flax, pure or mixed. (See flax)
Sacks. (See flax)
Saddles
Saffron, edible. (See foods)
Duty per
ponncl in
U. S. ciu'-
rency.
Saffron, flower of, for dyeing pur- poses
Dollars. .197
.2:^9
.164 .164
.656
.197
.164 .066
.098
.656
.197
1.64 1.97 .016
.164
.656
.197 .016 .197
.066
1.97
.164 .016 .229 .984
.164
AETfCULO DE MERCANClA.
Carteras de materias no deno- minadas
Carteras de cart6n. (V6ase pa- pel.)
Polvorines con asta de metal, cuerno u cuero
Bombas para pozos, minas ii otros usos. (V6ase bierro) los 100 kilos..
Bombas demadera. (Vease ma- dera) loslOOkilos..
Porta-monedas 6 cigarreras de carey, marfil, plata 6 concba- n^car
Porta-monedas de cualquier otra materia no denominada..
Rieles y clavos para rieles. (V6- ase bierro) los 100 kilos. .
Pasas. (V^asealimentos)
Navajas 6 corta-plumas de una sola cucbilla, de mango de ma- dera 6 cuerno
Navajas 6 corta-plumas, con mangos de concba-n^car, mar- fil, plata 6 carey
Navajas 6 corta-plumas de cual- quier otra clase no denomi- nada
Revolveres. (V^ase pistolas) . .
Cintas. (V6ase seda)
Cuerdas. (V^ase lino, etc)
Cuerdas 6 cables, alambre de laton 6 bierro. (Vease bierro) loslOOkilos.
Rosarios de coral, concba-n^car, carey 6 plata
Rosarios de otra clase no de- nominada
Resina
Ron ■
Junco, paja 6 palma, i3ara mue- bles i1 otros usos
Junco en bam^cas y en otras formas no denominadas
Rusias de lino puro 6 mezclado.
(V6ase lino)
Sacos. (V6ase lino)
Sillas de montar
Azafr^n de comer. (V^ase ali-
mentos)--
Alazor (flora azafriinromi) para
tenir
Derechos por kilo- gram o en moneda Salvado- rena.
.60
.70
.50 .50
2.00
.60
.50 .20
.30
2.00
.60 5.00 6.00
.05
.50
2.00
.60 .05 .60
.20
.60
.50 .05 .70
3.00
.50
144
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Sago
Sashes for -windows. Sauces of all kinds.
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
(Seafoods).
Scales, bronze or copper
Scales, iron, platform or other kinds
Scarfs, silk, embroidered or plain
Scientific instruments, not speci- fied
Scissors of all kinds
Seeds of all kinds not specified. .
Serge, (See wool)
Shawls, cotton
Shawls, silk, plain or embroid- ered
Shawls, woolen. (See wool)
Sheetings. (See linen)
Ship timber per 100 lbs . .
Shirts, cotton
Shirts, cotton, with bosoms and cuffs of linen
Shirts, linen
Shoe horns, of horn or bone
Shoes, India rubber
Shoes, leather
Shoes, silk, of all kinds
Silesia. ( See linen)
Silk, cravats, girdles, garters, suspenders, or any other simi- lar article of silk not specified.
Silk, curtains, belts, scarfs, em- broidered or plain, or any other similar article of silk not specified
Silk, floss :
Silk goods, alpacas, buratos, challis, crepe, damask, gros, faille, muslin, piqu6, tulle, satin, serge, satinette, taffeta, velvet, or any other pure or mixed silk material not speci- fied
Silk, material of, for sieves or strainers ,
Silk, ornaments, ribbons, laces, blondes, cords, plush, tassels, fringes, sashes, passemente- ries, and any other silk orna- ment not specified
Dollars. .033 .016 .066
.197
.026 1.64
.328 .131 .003
.328 .226
6.56 .98 .328
.164
.262
.328 .492 .197 .328 .656 .984 .328
.984
1.64
.82
1.64 .197
1.97
AETlCULO DE MERCANCfA.
Derechos porkilo- gramo en moueda Salvado- refia.
Sagli
Vidrieras
Salsas de toda clase. (Vease alimentos)
Balanzas de bronce 6 cobre
Eomanas de plata-forma y ba- lanzas de hierro
Bandas de seda, bordadas 6 lisas .
Instrumentos cientificos no de- nominados
Tijeras de toda clase
Semillas de toda clase no especi- ficadas
Filaila. (V^ase lana)
Panolones
Chales de seda, lisos 6 bordados.
Chales de lana. ( V(5ase lana) . .
G^nero para s^banas. (Vease lino)
Madera para embarcacioues, r los 100 kilos..
Camisas de algodon
Camisas de algodon conpechera y puuos de lino
Camisas de lino
Calzadores de asta 6 hueso
Zapatos de caucho
Zapatos de cuero
Calzado de seda de toda clase . .
Platillas. (Vease lino)
Seda, corbatas, cinturones, li- gas, tirantes 6 cualquier otro articulo de seda seme- j ante, no denominado
Seda, cortinas, fajas, bandas bordadas 6 lisas, 6 cualquier otro articulo de seda por el estilo, no expresado
Seda floja
Seda generos, alpacas, burato, chaly, cre8p6n, damasco, gr6, falla, museliua, pique, pun to, raso, sarga, sarguilla, tafet^n, terciopelo 6 cualquier gdnero de seda puro 6 mezclado no denominado -
Seda, eurejados de seda para cedazos
Seda, adornos, cintas, encajes, blondas, cordones, felpas, flecos, franjas, listones, pasa- maneria, y cualquier adorno de seda, no denominado
SALVADOR.
H5
|
Derechos |
|||
|
Duty per |
porkilo- |
||
|
ARTICLE OF MERCHAJTDISE. |
pound in TJ. S. cur- |
ARTlCULO DE MERCANClA. |
grainoen |
|
rency. |
Salvado- refia. • |
||
|
Dollars. |
Pesos. |
||
|
Silk, pure or mixed, ready-made |
Seda pura 6 mezclada, en ropa |
||
|
clothing, wraps, scarfs, gowns, |
hecha, abrigos, bufandas, ba- |
||
|
blouses, fiflins, jackets, cloaks. |
tas, blusas, fichus, jaiques. |
||
|
vests, coats, mantles, shawls. |
capotes, chalecos, casacas, |
||
|
with or without embroidery; |
mantillas, panolones borda- |
||
|
dresses, for men, women, or |
dos 6 sin bordar, trajes para |
||
|
children, of any other class, |
hombres, mujeres 6 niilos, de |
||
|
with or without ornaments. |
cualquiera clase. adornados 6 |
||
|
and all kinds of ready-made |
sin adornos, v toda clase de |
||
|
clothing not specified |
1.97 |
ropa hecha no especificada. . . |
6.00 |
|
Silk, shawls or rebozos, i)lain, |
Seda, chales 6 rebozos, lisos, la- |
||
|
worked, or embroidered, or |
brados 6 bordados, 6 generos |
||
|
material for them |
6.56 |
para ellos |
20.00 |
|
Silk, stockings, socks, drawers, |
Seda, medias, calcetines (es- |
||
|
undershirts, and all other gar- |
carpines), calzoncillos, cami- |
||
|
ments of silk stockinet |
1.64 |
setas y todo objecto fabrica- |
|
|
do en tela de punto de seda. . . |
5.00 |
||
|
Silk, thread of all kinds, on |
Seda, hilo de toda clase en ca- |
||
|
spools or cards |
.82 |
rretas de palo 6 en cart6n Seda torcida . . . |
2 50 |
|
Silk twist - |
.984 .656 |
3 00 |
|
|
Silver jewelry Silver leaf for plating |
Plata en joyas |
2.00 |
|
|
.656 |
Plata manufacturado en hojas |
||
|
para platear |
2.00 |
||
|
Silver table services |
.656 |
Plata manufacturada en vajilla. |
2.00 |
|
Silver thread, or imitation |
.82 |
Hilo de plata pura 6 falsa |
2.50 |
|
Skins, rabbit or hare, and other |
Pelo de conejo 6 liebre y otros |
||
|
skins for making hats |
.006 |
jielos para hacer sombreros . . . |
.02 |
|
Slates, and slate pencils |
.016 |
Pizarras y jjizarrines de piedra . |
.05 |
|
Slates, for roofing, per 100 pounds. |
.164 |
Pizarras en Mminas para techos, |
|
|
los 100 kilos |
50 |
||
|
Slippers, Chinese straw |
.23 |
Chimelas chinas de paja Esmalte en hoj as |
70 |
|
Smalt, or enamel, in sheets |
.328 |
1.00 |
|
|
Soap, in cakes, perfumed. (See |
Jabdn, en panes, con perfume. |
||
|
perfumery) Soap, ordinary, not perfumed |
.098 |
(V6ase perfumeria) |
.,30 |
|
.033 |
Jabon ordinario, sin perfume |
.10 |
|
|
Soda or caustic potash, for indus- |
Soda 6 jjotasa ciiustica para la |
||
|
trial purposes |
.013 |
industria |
04 |
|
Soda water |
.009 |
Agua de soda |
03 |
|
Spars for masts. (See wood) |
Palos para enarboladura. ( V^ase |
||
|
per 100 pounds . . |
.164 |
madera) los 100 kilos. . |
.50 |
|
Spectacles and eyeglasses. |
Anteojoso antiparras, montados |
||
|
mounted in gold |
3.28 |
en. oro |
10 CO |
|
Spectacles and eyeglasses. |
Anteojos, etc., montados en |
||
|
mounted in silver, ivory, or tor- |
plata, marfil 6 carey |
2.00 |
|
|
toise shell |
.656 |
||
|
Spectacles and eyeglasses. |
Anteojos montados en cual- |
||
|
mounted in any other material |
quier otra materia no deuomi- |
||
|
not specified |
.197 .066 |
nada |
60 |
|
Esperma de bayena en pasta . . . Esperma elaborada en cual- |
.20 |
||
|
Spermaceti, manufactured in any |
|||
|
form |
.059 |
quier otra forma |
.30 |
Bull. 58-
-10.
146
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE or MERCHAJJDISE.
Spirits, strong or sweet, as cog- nac, absinthe, rum, gin, cor- dials, whisky, rosoli, and oth- ers not specified
Sponges of all kinds ..-.
Spoons, with ivory, tortoise shell,
or silver handle
Spoons, all other kinds
Stationery articles not mentioned .
Statuary, bronze or copper
Statuary, iron
Statuary, marble
Statuary of material not specified
Staves for barrels per 100 pounds . .
Stearin, in mass
Stearin, manufactured in can- dles or other fprms
Steel, in bars, sheets, or plates . .
Steel, -handsaws, files, rasps, measuring tapes, and other ar- tisans' tools
Duty per pouud in U. S. cur- rency.
Steel, large saws, for sawyers
Steel wire of every thickness, 4 millimeters and under
Steel, woven-wire cloth and springs for mattresses
Stones, flint - - - -
Stones, whetstones and grind- stones, for sharpening razors, tools, etc
Stockings and socks, cotton
Stockings and socks, silk
Stockings and socks, woolen.
(See wool)
Stoves, cooking, and others
Strings of all kinds for musical
instruments
Strops of all kinds
Sugar
Sulphates of copper and zinc.
(See medicines)
Sulphates of magnesia, iron,
soda. (See mediciues)
Dollars.
.197
1.64
.656 .098 .197
.197 .026 .007 .197
.164
.026
.059 .033
.115 .033
.098
.131 .016
.006 .262
1.64
.656 .026
.197 .197
.066
.033
.013
AETfCULO DE MERCANCf A.
Aguardientes fuertes 6 dulces, como cognac, ajenjo, ron, ginebra, mixtelas, cremas, wisky, rosolis y otros no es- pecificados
Esponjas de toda clase
Cucharas con mangos de marfil, carey 6 plata
Cucharas decualquier otra clase-
tjtiles de escritorio no arancela- dos
Estatuas de bronce 6 cobre
Estatuas de hierro
Estatuas de m^rmol
Estatuas dematerias no denomi- nadas ^
Duelaspara barriles, loslOO kilos,
Esteariua en bruto
Estearina elaborada en velas y otrasformas
Acero, en barras, laminas 6 planchas
Acero, en sierras 6 serruchos de mano, limas, escofinas, cintas para medir y denies herrami- entas para artesauos
Acero manufacturado en sierras grandes para labradores
Acero, en alambre de todo grue- so, desde cuatro milimetros de di^metro, inclusive para abajo
Acero manufacturado en tela para colchones y resortes para colchones
Piedras de chispa
Piedras para afilar navajas 6 moll ej ones para afilar herra- mientas
Madias y escarpines de algo- dou
M6dias y escarpines de seda
MMias y escarpines de laua (V^ase lana)
Cocinas y anafes
Cuerdas de toda clase para in- strumentos de nuisica
Asentadores para navajas de toda clase •
Aziicar
Sulfatos de cobre y zinc. (V^ase medicinas) ■
Sulfatos de magnesia, hierro y soda. ( Vease medicinas)
Derechos por kilo gramo en moneda Salvado-
Pesos.
SALVADOR.
H7
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Suspenders, silk
Suspenders, woolen
Suspensories, trusses, or other bandages. ( See medicines) —
Swords or sabers of all kinds —
Syringes of all classes
Syrups of all kinds, without al- cohol
Tablecloths, linen
Tallow, candles
Tallow, crude or fats
Tallow, pressed or refined:
Tapioca . . ,
Tar of all kinds
Tea
Terra cotta figures or toys
Terra cotta in any other form .'. ,
Thimbles, material not specified,
Thread, cotton ,
Thread, linen. (See flax, etc).. Tin, bars or plates, pure or mixed
Tin foil, for wrappings
Tin, manufactured in articles for domestic or other uses
Tin plate, articles of, for domestic or other uses
Tin plate, in sheets
Tobacco, leaf
Tobacco, manufactured in cigars
Tobacco, in any other form not specified
Toilet waters of every class con- taining alcohol, as Florida, Co- logne, Divine, kananga, lav- ender, melissa, and others simi- lar
Tools, agricultural, as mattocks, shovels, rakes, sickles, axes, plowpoints, pruning knives, aud all others of this kind. (See iron)
Tools, fine, for carpenters and artisans. (See iron)
Tools, stone-hammers, tools for blacksmiths, and others not specified. (See iron)
Duty per pound in tr. S. cur- rency.
Dollars. .984 .656
.066 .492 .066
.033 .328 .033 .009 .023 .033 .013 .098 .098 .016 .197
.164 .262 .066
.098
.098
.098
.026 .164 .656
.328
.098
.033 .115
.033
ARTlCULO De'mERCANCIA.
Tirantes de seda
Tirantes de lana
Suspensorios, braqueros 6 otros
vendajes. ( Vease medicinas) .
Espadas 6 sables de toda clase..
Jeringas de toda clase
Jarabes de toda clase sin alcohol.
Manteles de lino
Sebo elaborado en velas
Sebo en bruto 6 mantecas
Sebo prensado 6 refinado
Tapioca
Alquitr^n de toda clase
T6
Barro en figuras 6 juguetes
Barro en cualquier otra forma .
Dedales de materias no denomi- nadas
Hilo de algodou
Hilo de lino. (Vease lino)
Estano en barras o jdanchas, puro o mezclado
Estano en papel para envoi ver. .
Estano manufacturado en piezas para uso dom^stico ii otros usos
Hoja de lata manufacturada en piezas para uso domestico u otros usos
Hoja de lata en hojas 6 pliegos .
Tabaco en rama
Tabaco elaborado en puros
Tabaco en cualquier otra forma no expresada
Aguas de olor de cualquiei-a clase con alcohol, como de fiorida, de colonia, divina, kananga, de labauda, melisa y otras semej antes
Herramientas para agricultura, como azadoues, palas, rastri- Uos, hoces,hachas,puntasx)ara arador, podadoras y dem^s herramientas ordinarias, por el estilo. (Vease hierro)
Herramientas fiuas para car- pinteros y artesanos. (V6ase hierro)
Herramientas, martillos, para romper piedras, herramientas para herreros y otros por el estilo no deuominados. (Vease hierro)
Derechos por kilo- gram o en moneda Salvado- reiia.
Pesos. 3.00 2.00
.20
1.50
.20
.10
1.00 .10 .03 .07 .10 .04 .30 .30 .05
.60 .50
.80
.20 .30
,30
.30
.08
.50
2.00
1.00
.30
.10 .35
.10
148
SALVADOR.
AKTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Toothpicks, tortoise shell, ivory, or mother-of-pearl
To()thi:>icks, any other kind not specified
Tortoise shell in sheets or unman- ufactured ■
Tortoise shell, manufactured iu any form not specified
Towels, cotton
Towels, linen
Toys of all classes not specified . .
Traps for moles and rats
Trusses
Umbrellas, sunshades, and para- sols, of cotton, of all kinds
Umbrellas, etc., silk, pure or mixed
Umbrellas, etc., wool, pure or mixed
Varnishes of all kinds
Vegetables in their natural state.
Vegetables, prejjared in vessels of tin, glass, or earthen ware..
Velocipedes of all classes
Vermicelli
Violins, small, mouth harmonicas, dulcimers, and other similar articles
Vinegar
Wafers
Watches, gold
Watches, silver
Watches of any other metal
Waters, sparkling, artificial, without alcohol, as ginger ale, lemonade, soda, and others similar
Wax candles
Wax, flowers, fruits, or in other forms
Wax, sealing, for letters
Wax, sealing, ordinary, for bot- tles
Wax, vegetable
Wax, white or yellow
Weights, bronze or copper
Weights, iron
Whalebone, manufactured or not.
Wheat
Wheels for wagons, etc
Wheelbarrows, iron or wooden, per 100 pounds.
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.656
.197
.328
.656 .164 .328 .098
.033 .066
.098
.656
.262 .066 .006
.066 .164 .013
.098 .013 .197 3.28 1.64 .656
.009 .328
.492 .197
.066 .197 .197 .197 .016 .328
.007 .164
.164
AETlCFLO DE MERCANCIA.
Limpia-dientes de carey, marfil 6 concha-n^car
Limpia-dientes de cualquier
otra clase no denomiuada
Carey en hoja 6 en concha
Carey manufacturado en cual-
quiera forma no denominado.
Tohallas de algodon
Tohallas de lino
Juguetes de cualquiera clase no
denomiuada
Tram pas para topos y ratas . . .
Bragueros
Paraguas, paraguitas y sombri-
Uas de algodon de toda clase. Paraguas, los mismos, de seda
pura 6 mezclada
Paraguas, los mismos, de Ian a
pura 6 mezclada
Barnices de toda clase
Legumbres, en estado natural. . Legumbres, preparados en botes
de lata, vidrio 6 barro
Velocipedes de toda clase
Fideos
Violinetas, armdnicas de boca,
dulzainas y otras semej antes.
Vinagre
Obleas
Relojes de bolsillo, de oro
Relojes de bolsillo, de plata ...
Relojes de cualquier otro metal .
Aguas artificiales espumosas sin alcohol, como cerveza de jen- gibre, limonada, soda y otras semejautes
Cera labrada en velas
Cera en flores, frutas 6 en otras formas
Lacre para cartas
Lacre ordinario para botellas. .
Cera, vegetal
Cera blanca 6 amarilla
Pesas, de brouce 6 cobre
Pesas, de hierro
Barbas de balleua, labradas y
sin labrar
Trigo
Ruedas para carretas, etc
Carretillas de mano, de hierro
6 de madera . ..los 100 kilos.
Derechos por kilo- gram o en moneda Salvado- refla.
Pesos.
2.00
.60 1.00
2.00
.50
1.00
.30 .10 .20
.30
2.00
.80 .20 .02
.20 .50 .04
.30
.04
.60
10.00
5.00
2.00
.03 1.00
1.50 .60 .20
.60 .60 .60 .05
1.00 .02 .50
.50
SALVADOR.
149
ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE.
Whisky
Wines of all classes, such as Muscatel, Pajarete, Sherry, Malaga, Port, Vermouth, Sail Raphael, Saint Miguel, Cham- pagne, and all others not spec- ified -■..
Wines, red, table
Wood, doors, windows, lattices, sashes, moldings not varnish- ed or gilded
Wood, embroidery frames, lasts for shoemakers, blocks for hat- ters and wig-makers
Wood, furniture of all kinds, with or without marble, mat- tresses, veneers for furniture, rollers or casters, trunks, traps, billiard tables without accessories, spigots for bar- rels, blinds, hat racks, book shelves, hand bottling ma- chines, and every other ob- ject of this kind not specified.
Wood, moldings, gilded, painted, or varnished, boxes of all shapes, varnished or lacquered, ornaments of wood composi- tion, card cases, inkstands, vases, trays, dishes, and any other forms not specified
Wood, planed and tongued and grooved
Wood, staves, hoops and hoop poles for barrels, pumps, carts, wheelbarrows, pipes, bee- hives, wood for matches, ships or ship timber, spars for masts, oars for boats, wheels for wag- ons or wheelbarrows, per 100 pounds. .
Wool, bands, straps, belts, sus- penders, garters, cravats, gloves, or any other similar article not specified
Wool, pure or mixed, blankets, counterpanes, carpets, mats, or rugs
Duty per pouiid in tr. S. cur- rency.
Dollars. .197
,033 ,016
.016 .007
.066
.082
,007
164
,656 .164
ARTfCULO DB MBRCANClA.
Wiskey
Vinos, generosos, de toda clase, como Moscatel, Pajarete, Je- rez, Malaga, Oporto, Ver- mouth, San Eafael, San Mi- guel, Champagne y cualqui- er otro no denominado
Vinos, tinto de mesa
Madera en piiertas, ventanas, celosias, vidrieras, molduras sin barnizar ni dorar
Madera, bastidoresparabordar, estacas para calzado, para sombreros y para pelucas
Madera en muebles de toda clase, con 6 sin m^rmol, col- chones, chapas de madera para muebles, arganillas 6 scan talleres de mesa, baules, trampas, billares sin utiles, Haves para barril, persianas, capoteras, estantes, maqui- nas de mano para tapar bo- tellas y todo otro objeto por el estilo, no especificado
Madera en molduras doradas, pintadas, 6 barnizadas, cajas de madera de toda forma, con barniz 6 gomalaca, adornos de jiasta de madera, tarjeteros, tinteros, vasos, azafates, fuen- tes y en cual qui er otra forma no denominada
Madera, acepillada y machi- hembrada
Madera en duelas, arcos y flejes para barriles, bombas, carros, carretillas, canos, casas para colmena, madera para fosfo- ros, en embarcaciones 6 madera para 6stas, en palos para enar- boladura, remos para embar- caciones y ruedas para carre- tas 6 carretillas . . los 100 kilos . .
Lana en fajas 6 bandas, cintu- rones, tirantes, ligas, corbatas, guantes 6 cualquier otro ob- jeta semejaute no denominado.
Lana pura 6 mezclada en fraza- das 6 colchas, alfombras, tripe 6 mautillones
Derechos por kilo- gramo en moneda Salvado-
)5o
SALVADOR.
ARTICLE or MERCHAlSTDiSB.
Wool, pure or mixed, clotli, such as cassimeres, broadcloth, al- paca, challis, curtains, damask, serge, flannel, ''grano deoro," muslin delaine, merino, and other similar woolen cloth, not specified
Wool, pure or mixed, such as cas- simeres, cloths, or other similar goods, with warp of linen or cotton
Wool, pure or mixed, ornaments of, such as tapes, laces, hlondes, braids, cords, plush, tassels, borders, fringes, listing, and any other similar articles not specified
Wool, pure or mixed, ready-made clothing, wraps, mantillas, capes, fichus, dressing gowns, jackets, blouses, cloaks, shawls, coats, vests, headdresses, shirts, curtains, petticoats, overcoats, dresses for men, women, and children, with or without ornaments, shawls, plain or with silk fringe, em- broidered or not, and all other pieces of clothing not specifie'd . .
Wool, pure or mixed, stockings, socks, undershirts, drawers, and all other articles or objects of stockinet
Wool, thread, for sewing or em- broidering . . :
Wool, pure or mixed, goods not specified
Wool, lamb's wool
Work boxes, small, with or with- out accessories
Zinc, alphabets or numbers for marking
Zinc articles for domestic and other uses
Zinc bars, sheets, or plates
Zinc ornaments, statues, or bronzed figures
Duty per pound in U. S. cur- rency.
Dollars.
.328
.328
.983
.983
,656
.328
.328 .049
.492
.098
.098 .019
.115
ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA.
Lana pura 6 mezclada en g^nero, como casimires 6 pafios, al- pacas, balsarinas, balleta, ba- llet6n, chaoly, cortinas, da- masco, filaila, franela, grano de oro, lanillas 6 muselina, meri- no y otras telas de lana seme- jante ho denominadas
Lana pura 6 mezclada en casi- mires, casinetes, pan as y otros g^neros semej antes, con cade- na de lino 6 algodon
Lana pura 6 mezclada en ador- nos, como cintas, encajes, blondas, trencillas, cordones, felpas, flecos, franjas, listones 6 cualquier otrosemejante no denominda
Lana pura 6 mezclada, en ropa hecha, abrigos, mantillas, bu- fandas, fichiis, batas, chaque- tas, blusas, jaiques, capas, capotes, casacas, chalecos, chales, cofias, camisas, cor- tinas, fustanes, enaguas, le- vitas, vestidos para hombres, mujeres 6 ninos, decualquiera clase, adornados u sin adornos, pauolones, lisos 6 con fleco de seda, bordados y sin bordar, y dem^s piezas de ropa de toda clase no denominada . . . .
Lana pura 6 mezclada enmedias, calcetines (escarpines), cami- setas, calzoncillos y todo ob- jeto en tela de punto de media
Lana en hilo para coser 6 bordar.
Lana, pura 6 mezclada, en g^-
nero no denominados
Lana, en vell6n
Costureros pequenos, con 6 sin
utiles
Zinc en abecedarios 6 numera-
ciones para marcar
Zinc manufacturado en piezas,
para uso domestico y otros usos . Zinc en barras, laminas, 6 plan-
chas
Zinc en adornos, estatuas 6
figuras bronceadas
Derechos por tilo- gramo en moneda Salvado-
Pesos.
1.00
LOO
3.00
3.00
2,00 1.00
1.00 .15
1.50
.30
.30
.06
.35
SALVADOR.
151
FREE LIST.
Anchors and girt lines. Animals, dissected. Animals, living, for breeding. Apparatus for producing electric light or
Baggage, passengers'; by this is under- stood objects for their individual use and the indispensable instruments of their art or profession, in quantities proportionate to the class and circum- stances of the owner.
Beans.
Boats, launches, rigging, sails, chains, and other articles for vessels for use in the harbors, lakes, and rivers of the republic.
Books and pamphlets, printed.
Cement, roman, and hydraulic lime.
Coal.
Corn, Indian.
Crucibles, for foundries and fire bricks.
Diamonds and other precious stones not mounted.
Effects brought by diplomatic oflicers residing in the country for their own usie when similar privileges are granted in the foreign countries, when the legal requisites are complied Avith.
Furnaces and other instruments for as- saying.
Fuse for mining.
Gold and silver, in bars, dust, or coin.
Guano and other fertilizers.
Hay and other fodder not specified.
Hops.
Houses, wooden or iron.
Kettles, iron, and molds for sugar-manu- facture.
Magnets.
Models of machines and buildings.
Molds for making flowers.
Music paper and pieces of music.
Paper, printing, for periodicals.
Periodicals, loose or bound.
Photographs.
Pier materials and accessories.
Plants, exotic.
Plows.
Printing presses and their appurtenances.
Portraits belonging to families residing in the country.
Quicksilver.
Quinine (sulphate of).
Railway supplies.
Rice.
Rye.
ARTICULOS LIBRES.
Anclas y andaribeles.
Animales disecados.
Animales vivos para raza.
Aparatos para producir el alumbrado electrico 6 ^1 de gas hidrdgeno carbo- nado.
Equipaje de pasajeros; entendi^ndose por tal los objetos de su uso individu- al y los iustrumentos indispensables de su arte u oficio, todo en cantidad proporcionada d la clase y circunstan- cias de su dueno.
Frijoles.
Botes, lanchas, jarcia, velamen, cadenas y dem^s utiles de buques para uso de los puertos, lagos y rios de la Repub- lica.
Libros y folletos impresos.
Cimento romana, cal hidr^ulica.
Carbdn de piedra.
Mafz.
Ladrillos refractarios y crisolesparafun- dicidn.
Diamantes y demfis piedras preciosas sin montar.
Efectos que para su uso introduzcan por su cuenta los ministros diplom^ticos, resideutes en la Republica, siempre que haya recij)rocidad y se cumpla con los requisites establecidos por la ley.
Hornillos y demils iustrumentos para en%ayos de metales.
Guias para minas.
Oro y plata en barras, en polvo 6 acu- nado.
Guano y demiis abonos.
Heno y dem^s forrajes no denominados.
Liipulo.
Edificios de madera 6 de hierro.
Peroles de hierro y moldes para fabricar azucar.
Im^n.
Modelos de m^quinas y edificios.
Moldes para fabricar flores.
Papel de solfa y piezas de musica.
Papel de imprenta para periddicos.
Periddicos sueltos y empastados.
Fotograflas.
Utiles para muelles.
Plantas exdticas.
Arados.
Imprentas y sus utiles.
Retratos pertenecientes £ familias resi- deutes en el pais.
Azogue.
Sulfato de quinina.
Utiles para ferro-carriles.
Arroz.
Centeno.
152
SALVADOR.
FREE LIST— Continued.
Samples of naercliandise the duty on which doea not exceed 72 cents.
Seeds of plants not cultivated in the re- public.
Slag, mineral.
Stills for spirits and their appurtenances.
Telegraph and telephone articles.
Timber, unmanufactured.
Wire, barbed, and hooks for fencing.
Wreckage.
PROHIBITED ARTICLES.
Air guns.
Apparatus for making coins.
Arms and other munitions of war. In- cluded in this prohibition are rifles of all classes and revolvers of caliber .44 and cartridges for the same.
Counterfeit money.
Gunpowder of all kinds.
Nitrate of potassia or saltpeter.
Nitroglycerine and dynamite, except upon special concessions of the Gov- ernment.
Obscene prints and figures.
NOTES.
1. All articles not mentioned in the present tariif shall j)ay the same as the most similar articles according to their material and form.
2. In every package which contains several articles having diiferent assess* ments, the tare shall be calculated in relation to the total of the charges on the contents; this proportion will be ob- tained by multiplying the total charges on the articles weighed with their respec- tive coverings by the weight of the tare and the product divided by the total of the net weight, and the quotient will be the appraisement of the tare.
3. When an appraised article contains others it shall pay according to the tare of the latter, in addition to that which corresponds to it in the tariff.
ARTICULOS LIBRES— Continua.
Muestras de mercaderias, cuyos derechos
no excedan un peso. Semillas de plantas no cultivadas en la
Eepiiblica. Brozas minerales.
Aparatos de destilacion de aguardiente ^ y sus accesorios. Utiles de telegrafos y telefonos. Madera sin labrar. Alambre espigado y sus ganchos para
cercas. Fragmentos de buques n^ufragos.
ARTfCULOS PROHIBIDOS.
Escopetas de viento,
Aparatos para fabricar moneda.
Armas y dem^s elementos de guerra, que- dando comprendidos en esta prohibi- ci6n, los rifles de toda clase y los re- v61veres calibre .44 y sus correspondi- entes cartuchos.
Moneda falsa.
P61vora suelta de toda clase.
Nitrato de potasa 6 sal de nitro (salitre).
Nitro-gliserina y diuamita, salvo las con- cesiones especiales del Gobierno.
Estampas y figuras obcenas. NOTAS.
l.a Todos los articulos no mencionados en la presente tarifa pagar^n como los mas. semej antes por su materia y forma.
2.'* En todo bulto que contenga varios articulos de diferentes aforos, la taraser^ valorada en relacidu del total de aforos del contenido ; esa proporci6n se tomardi multiplicando el aforo total de los articu- los, pesados con su respectivo envase, por el peso de la tara, y el producto se divi- ding por el total del peso neto aforado, y el cuociente ser^ el aforo de la tara.
3.'' Cuando un articulo aforado venga contenieudo otros, pagar^ como tara de <^stos, con m^s lo que le corresponda por la tarifa.
SALVADOR. EXPORT DUTIES.
153
(Taken ftom Tarifa de Aforos 6 Impuestos, by Francisco Boquin, Sonsonate, 1889.) [The export duty of 2 per cent is charged on the following valuations of the articles named.]
ARTICLES.
Starch per pound. .
Eice do
Black balsam do
Coffee per 100 pounds..
Cocoa do
India rubber do
Hides, of cattle each. .
Hides, deer, goat, or ebeep,
per pound . .
Honey do
Molasses for making spirits,
per pound. .
Gold
Silver
Melon seeds per pound . .
Cinchona and copalcJii,
per pound. .
Tobacco, smoking do
Sarsaparilla do
Mineral slag
Indigo per 150 pounds . .
Official valua- tion.
Dollars. .029 .022 .723 .090 .146 .217 1.446 .217
.072
.014 Ad val. Ad val.
.072
.181
.108
.181
Ad val.
2.434
AKTICULOS.
Almiddn libra..
Arr6z libra. .
B^lsamo negro libra . .
Caf6 quintal..
Cacao de pais quintal . .
Caucho 6 nule quintal . .
Cuero de res cada uno . .
Cuero de venado, cabro 6 car- nero libra..
Miel de abeja libra . .
Melaza para fabricar aguardi- ente libra..
Ore sobre su valor integro
Plata sobre su valor integro —
Pepitas de melon libra . .
Quina y copalchi libra . .
Tabaco picado libra . .
Zarzaparrilla libra .
Brozas minerales
Anil zurron de 150 libras
Aforo.
.04
i .03
1.00
.12i
.20
.30
2.00
.30 .10
.02
Ad val.
Ad val.
.10
.25
.15
.25
Ad val.
3.37i
Since the publication of the preceding list of duties, the Bureau of American Republics has received notice of the following modifications and changes :
Legislative decree of March 2j, i8g2.
The customs tariff shall be modified as follows : Cotton : Dollars. Ribbons, plain or serged, white or colored, for shoemakers and harness- makers, and ribbons known as " Castille" kilo. . . 50
Tissues knowh as " Mantadril," white or colored kilo.. .40
Muslins or cambrics, printed, without needle-work nor embroidered, .kilo. . . 60 Lace and applications, having less than one inch in width (dutiable as trim- mings) kilo . . I. 00
Balls of stone, wood, glass, Chinese metal, and other compositions, for chil- dren kilo . . .10
Caoutchouc toys kilo. . . 50
Chinese crackers kilo . . .20
Leather :
Shagreen and buffalo leather kilo. . . 25
Machine belting 100 kilos. . . 50
154 SALVADOR.
, Dollars.
Cane, straw, or palm, for furniture kilo. . . lo
Lamps : Shades imported separately (according to the component materials). Wool:
Flannel shirts, fine or common, of pure wool or mixed with cotton . .kilo. . . 50 Shirts, mixed with silk kilo. . 3. 00
METALS.
Steel :
Wire of a diameter of less than 4 millimeters kilo. . . 20
Ordinary saws and handsaws, files, rasps, measuring tapes, and other tools
for artisans , kilo. . . 25
Bronze or copper :
Large pans {peroles) for agricultural or industrial purposes, weighing more
• than 40 kilos free.
In articles such as hinges, knobs for furniture, locks for doors, bits, door- knockers, sash bolts, rivets, screws of 2^ inches and less, and handles,
kilos 40
Nails and tacks kilo . . .40
Iron:
Wire of a diameter of 4 millimeters and less kilo. . . 08
Portable forges (dutiable as machines) 100 kilos. . . 50
Tools, such as howels, braces, gimlets, center-bits, augers, chisels, mortise chisels, gouges, trowels, long planes, planes, rabbit-planes, and other sim- ilar tools for artisans kilo. . . 25
Tin plate kilo. . . 06
Hand machines for agricultural and industrial purposes 100 kilos. . . 50
Ramie:
Tissues of, pure or mixed, with neither needle-work nor ornaments, .kilo. . 2. 50 Clothing, or cuttings for men's or women's clothing, and with trimmings,
kilos 4- 00
Yarn, and raw ramie kilo. . i. 50
Silk: Embroidered shawls kilo. . 10. 00
Sulphate of quinine kilo. . i.oo
Camp tents, including their frames kilo . . .25
Tobacco:
Raw kilo . . I. 00
Manufactured in cigars and cigarettes V kilo. . 3. 00
Manufactured, other, not specially mentioned kilo. . i. 50
Alimentary products and condiments: Oats, barley, and other cereals not men- tioned kilo.. .01
Sugar molds, dutiable at the rate of 50 cents per 100 kilos, under iron and in
No. 231 are free of duty free.
Baggage: Furniture and household effects are not considered as baggage. The tax called "market tax" of 25 cents per quintal, levied on all goods, is replaced by a tax of 3 per cent on the amount of the duties, equivalent to that paid heretofore; the amount collected will be applied toward the construction of national buildings.
SALVADOR.
J 55
Under date of May 24, 1893, Mr. S. G. Dawson, acting consul at San Sal- vador, writes:
"The Government has ratified a decree of Congress raising the importation duties on silk shawls, or 'rebosos,' plain or embroidered, r.nd on all silk stuffs destined to the manufacture of said shawls to $40 per kilogram (2.205 pounds) and to ^10 per kilogram on silk handkerchiefs, pure or mixed. Shawls and handkerchiefs of any material not specified in the tariff shall pay $30 per kilo- gram. The decree is based on the alleged need of protecting national weavers against foreign competition."
On July 1 1, 1893, declared free of all duties and taxes, common salt, salt beef, corned beef, or beef preserved in any manner, packed in barrels or otherwise. All natural or artificial fertilizers were by the same decree placed on the free list
The Government of Salvador has ordered all the import duties to be paid in the national gold coin of Salvador. Foreign coins may be received, however, as long as the coinage of Salvadorean money is not complete, in the following pro- portion : American gold, 4 per cent premium; British, Spanish, and Mexican, 1 per cent premium ; French, and coins of every nation of the Latin Union, at par; German, 1 per cent discount.
Appendix F.
COMMERCIAL DIRECTORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SALVADOR.
ACAJTJTLA.
ImjporterB.
Compafila de Agenciaa. Mitchel, W. J.
JlerehanU.
Compafila General del Facifico.
Blanco & Trigueros.
Carazo & Eamirez.
Dorantes & Ojeda.
""ompaBIa del Muelle, Drevon & Co.
fiomar, 'Joaqiiia.
^elendez, ManueL
Mejia, Bncarnaci6n.
Peralta, Jos6 Maria.
Parraza & Prado.
Buano, Emeterio.
Valle & Co., Andr6s.
ahuachapAit.
Boots and shoes.
Gonzalez, Margarito.
Garrido, Isidro. Druggists.
CarbaUo, Valentin.
Magana, Simedn. Orocers.
Alfaro, Margarito.
Chavez y hno., Claudia.
Durdn, Luisa G. de.
Mores, Andrea.
Guerra, Dionisio.
Gnerra, Virginia.
Linares, J.
Melgar, Eulalia.
Mendoza, Kafaela.
Eomero, Mercedes. Hatters.
Garcia, Estanislao.
Velarde, Eederico. Retail general merchantt.
Arriaze, Dolores.
Cadenas, Eusrbio.
156
AHTTACHAPAiT— Continued.
Retail general merchants — Continaed.
Contreras, Bomualdo.
G6niez, Juana.
Guerra, Maria^
Herrera, Meaner.
Herrera, Isabel.
Llanos, Mariana M. de.
Mena, Leonor M. de.
Moscoso, Luisa.
Eiyas, Mercedes.
Vasquez, Aparicio. Silversmiths.
Canjura, J.
Duarte, Onofre. Wholesale import and export merchantt.
Durdn, Onofre.
Mordn, Eabio & Co.
Miiller, Eederico.
Samayoa, Ana.
Valdivieso, SamueL
ANAMOBds.
Merchant.
Zepeda, Felipe.
ARMENIA.
Oroeer.
Komillo, Jos6. Retail general m,erchant>.
Garcia, David.
Molina, Arcadia.
Torres, Juan. Wholesale import and export merchant.
Mayer, Zeferino.
CHALATENANOO.
Boots and shoes. Cort6s, Claro. Torres, Lorenzo.
SALVADOR
^57
CHALATENANGO— Continued.
Druggiits.
Garcia, Jos6 J. Morales, Jos6 Maria. Pena, MigneL Tobias, Ismael.
Qroeer.
Ortiz, Balbina.
Silversmifht,
Barrerra, Modesto.
Obando, Esteban. Wholesale import and export merelmnt
Alvergue, Fernando.
CHALCHHAFA.
Boots and shoes.
L6pez, Manuel.
Novoa, Albino.
Pineda, Jos6 P. Photographer.
Baxter, Enrique. Retail general merchants.
Ahuja bnos.
GoetzcbuU, Solom6n.
Hidalgo, Cruz.
Lizarralde, Eduardo do.
Martino, Jos6 Maria.
Penate, Eleodoro.
Trejo, Francisco.
COATEFEQTTE.
Boots and shoes.
Cienfuegos, Petronilo. Orocers.
ArbizA, Pilar.
Cardona, Mercedes.
Cardona, Paula.
Castrillo, Eleodoro.
Cienfuegos, Adelaida.
Delgado, Sofia.
Men6ndez, Socoro.
Suano, Anastacio. Retail general merchant.
Barrientos, Balbino.
COJTITEPEftTIE.
Banker.
Diaz, Narciso.
Drvggists.
CasteUanos, Crescencio. Escobar, Camilo. Palma, Apolonio. Revelo, Joaquin.
Orocers.
Amaya, Maximo. Cdceres, Adela.
COJDTEPEQTTE— Continued.
G'rocers— Continued. Diaz, Josefa. Diaz, Sara.
Figueroa, Josefa Antonia. Ingl6s, Mercedes. Mineros, Lugarda. Mafiaz, Josefa.
Hatters.
Anzueta, Anton.
Hernandez, Salvador.
Martinez, Esteban.
Pleitfis, Esteban. Silversmiths.
Malt6z, Jos6 Maria.
Obando, Carlos. Watchmaker and jeweler.
CasteUanos, Alberto. Wholesale import and escort merehantB,
Amaya, Miximo.
Bazdn, Albino.
Bustamante, Guadalupe.
Contreras, Juan.
Diaz, Narciso.
Nulla, Ventura.
Vila & Sigiienza.
COMASAGTJA (La libertad).
Manufacturer of coffee machinery, Komer, Felipe.
DOIOSES (Cabanas).
Boots and shoes. Colocho, Pedro.
GOTEBA.
Druggist.
Kovelo, Norberto.
Chrocers.
Cruz, Amelia. G6mez, Esteban. Mendoza, Lazaro. Molina, Anita. Kosa, Francisco. Rosa, Paz. Romera, Leandra.
GTTATABAL.
Wholesale import and export merchant. Panamefio, Ensebio.
ILOBASCO.
Boots and shoes. Rodas, Juan.
ij8
SALVADOR.
ILOBASCO — Continued.
«
^rocen.
Castellanos, Ram6ii.
Elena, Sime6n H.
Portilla, Dolores. Retail general merchantt.
Barb6n, Jos6 G.
Choto, Eafael.
C6rdova, Francisco.
GonzAlez, Margarito.
L<5pez, Manuel.
Orellana, Encarnaci6n.
Pefia, Jos6 Maria.
Homero, Ana I. Silversmith.
AJvarenga, Daniel. Wholesale import and export merehtmt.
Kosas, Leandro.
IZALCO.
Boots and shoes.
Herrera, Victor. Druggist.
Li6vano, Jos6 Maria. Grocers.
Ah'arez, Bosa.
Men6ndez, Lauriano.
Eamos, Juana.
Retail general merchants.
Barrientos y hermano, Trinsito.
Craik, Mercedes de.
Eamos y hermano, Josefa.
Vega, Joaquina. Wholesale import and export merchant.
VeUsquez, Felipe.
JAYAftUE.
Manufacturer of coffee machinery. Mel6ndez, Manuela.
JACTTAPA.
Banker.
Durdn, Macedonio. Boots and shoes.
Castillo, Manuel.
Cruz, Manuel.
Cruz, Guillermo.
Monica, Teodosio.
Kosales, Pedro. Commission merchants.
DurAn, Macedonio.
Escobar, Tiberio. Druggist
Burgos, RafaeL
JACUAPA— Continued.
Chroeers.
Castillo, Margarita de.
Castillo, Bamona.
Jurado, Angela.
Sandoval, liTicolasa. Retail general merchant!.
Arawjo, Maria.
Bantista, Maria de.
Castro, Jo86 Maria.
Galvez, In6s.
Gutierrez, Josefa.
Gutierrez, Carlos.
Gutierrez, ManueL
Mora, Miguel.
Montoya, Mercedes.
Bosales, Damiana. Silversmith.
Orantes, Maximo.
LA LISmTAD.
Commission merchant. >
Blanco, Trigueros. Druggists.
Marcenaro, NicolAs.
Velis, Felipe J. de. Grocers.
Calder6n, C.
Guzmd,n, Eloisa G. de.
Prieto, Gertrudio. Hatter.
Torres, Gregorio. Wholesale import and export m^rehantM,
Courtade, Emilio.
Flamenco, Maria.
Marcenaro, Nicolds.
Huezo, Vicente.
Vargas hnos., Diego.
LA UNI6N.
Boots and shoes.
Palada, E. Gutierrez.
Bamtrez, Benito. Commission merchant.
Marcenaro & Co., Juan Bantista. Grocers.
Andino, Leonarda P. de. ' Courtade, Carmen P. de.
Huezo, Santos P. de.
Huezo, Mercedes.
L6pez, Salvador.
Perry, Elena.
Bosales, J. G. de.
Zaldivar, Hortensia P. dA.
SALVADOR,
159
LA UNION^Continued.
Manufacturers of tortoise-theU good§.
Amaya, Ignacio.
Echevenia, Abel.
L6pez, Dolores.
Sanchez, Federico. Retail general merehanta.
Huezo, Gregorio.
PadiUa, Isabel V. de. ■
Salazar, Manuela»
Sosa, Bosa V. de. Silversmith.
Garcia, Salvador. Wholesale import and export merehantt.
Marcenars & Co., J. B.
PadiUa, Eemigio.
Eodriguez, Pablo.
Vicente y Ca.
Vila, Francisco.
METAPAN.
Orocer*.
Aguilar, J.
Castro, Domingo.
Duarte, Paulina do.
Hernandez, Bibiano.
Leiva, Jos6.
Lemus, Manuel.
Montoya, Felipe.
Kuiz, Juan. Retail general merehanti.
Quintana, Rafael.
Wholesale import and export merchan,tt. Lima bermanos. Sosa, Bonifacio.
NEJAPA.
Manufacturer of coffee machinery. Andrade, Manuel.
OLOCTJILTA.
Wholesale import and export merchant, Gonzalez, Octavio.
QTJEZALTEPEQUE.
Qrocert.
Borjas, Estebana.
Castro, Benigna de.
C^ceres, Santos C. do. Satter.
TJmitia, Salvador. Uanvfacturer.
Cort6z y bno., ComeUo.
S. JULIAN (Sonsonate),
Merchant.
Eomero, Victor.
SAN ANDB]^S.
Wholesale import and export mereharA Munoz, Eduardo.
SAN MIGUEL.
Banker.
PadiUa, Eemigio. Boots and shoes.
Arias, Juan.
Bustillos, Jos6 Maria.
Colindres, Vicente.
Lara, Juan.
Mayorga, Guillermo.
Morales, David. Druggists.
Cano, J.
Celari6, Jos6 Marfa.
Holtmeyer bnos.
Hegg, Manuel.
Meardi, Mauricio.
Munoz, Brisido.
Eosales, Enrique B. Ch-ocers.
Aguirre, Felipa.
Araya, Ana Josefa.
Avila, Anita B. de.
Bahnaceda, MigueL
Barreyro, Isabel de.
Bado, Mauricia de.
Cabrera, Senorita.
Femdndez, Adela.
Flores, Aguslln.
Guzmdn, Virginia.
Herrera, Pastor.
Hernandez, Dolores B. do.
Hernilndez, MAximo.
Mena, Sim6n.
Medina, Apolonio.
MoUna, Victoria.
Morales, David.
Peraza, Josefa.
Eeyes, Beatriz.
Eosales, Mercedes P. do.
Suay, Cipriano.
Sudrez, Francisco.
Valenzuela, ErciUa F. do.
Hatters.
Abendano, Eam6n. Aguado, Jos6 Maria. Cartas, Baltazar.
i6o
SALVADOR.
SAN MIGUEL— Continued.
Hatters— Continned. lidpez, Gregorio. Reyes, Esteban. Photographers.
Guerrero, Vicente. Mena, Eamon.
Sol, Eloy. Printers.
Arias, Timoteo.
Herrera, Pedro P. y Rito.
Imprenta del Institute de Occidente. Retail general merchants.
Alvarez, Francisco B.
Avila, Carmen.
Cuadra, Cannen R. de.
Diaz, Antonio.
Dinarte, Simedn J. de.
G6niez, Dolores.
Herndndez, Carlos.
Lastra, Ram6n.
Meardi, Mauricio.
Resales, Enrique R.
Sclionenberg, Juan.
Vinerta, Josefa G. de.
Zelaya, Le6n. Silversmiths.
Anduray, Aureliano.
Avila, Daniel.
Osorio, Modesto.
Resales, Manuel.
Salmerdn, Gregorio.
Salmer6n, Agustin.
Tebes, Tomds.
Vargas, Leonidas. Special manufacturers.
G6niez, C6sar, tortoise-shell goods.
Paz, Martin, tortoise-shell goods.
Paz, Santos, tortoise-sheU goods.
Huezo, Ireneo M. de, tortoise-sheU goods.
Resales & Alvares, mineral waters. Wholesale import and export merchants,
Alvarez, Francisco V.
Argiiello, Jos6.
Argiiello, Ram6n.
Argiiello, Marcelino.
Briqueto y Charlaix.
Canessa, Antonio & Ca
Canessa, Cayetano.
Canessa y Ca., Ambrosio.
Calvo, Manuel.
Dardano, Pedro.
Demutti, Antonio.
Dias, Antonio.
Femdndez, Antonio J.
Haltmeyer, Eniilio.
SAN MIGUEL— Continued.
Wholesale import and export wiercTiawto— Cont'd. Hungentobler & Haltmeyer. Mazzini, Miguel. Mirino & Manent. Mendoza, Ansebno. Mendoza, Jacinto. Miardi & De MuttL Munoz & Co., B. MuDOz, Brigido. Padilla, Remigio. Palacios & Co., Francisco. PohU, Alfonso. Prieto, Carlos G. Qtiiros hermanos. Rivera, Ruano. Romero, Carmen. Schonenberg, Juan. Suay, Cipriano. Vila & Vila.
SAN SALYASOB.
Banks and bankers.
Banco Intemacional.
Banco Occidental.
Banco Particular.
Blanco & Trigueros.
Blanco y Lozano.
Duke 6 hijo, J. M.
Lagos, Miguel.
Lagos, Pilar.
Resales, Jos6. Booksellers and stationerg.
Cousin, Anselmo.
Anguelo, M.
Goubaud, Emilio.
Herrera & Co., ManueL
Mathias bnos.
Pozo & Gutierrez.
Prado & Co., Federico.
Rivera, Desiderio.
Boots and shoes.
Aguilar y Serrano.
Cirino, Morales. ♦
Sagrera y Ca., Jos6.
Preto bnos. y Ca. Druggists.
Aran jo & Co.
Aranjo & Bustamente
Avalos, F.Pablo.
C^ceres & Vaquero.
Li6vano, Juan.
Luna, David.
Niebecker, Otto von.
Palomo & Co., M.
Rivera, Carlos.
Rivera hermanos.
SALVADOR.
161
SAN SALVADOE^Continued.
Qroeers.
Aguilar, Josefa. Alfaro, Diego. Ar6valo, Anastacix Castellanos, Dolores. Cisneros, Manuela.
Monterroso, Eegina.
Palacios, Magdalena.
Palacios, Asunci6iu
Pena, Emilia.
Quijano, Jacinta.
Quitefio, Mercedes,
Eamos, Anita.
Beales, Samona.
Serrano, Bemab6.
Valencia, Franciscsi,
Vega, Leocadia. Hardware, cutlery, and tooU.
Anguilar, !Pranciaco.
Ealette, Sullo.
Aubuisson y Ca., D.
Dorantes y Ojeda. Hatterg.
Avila, Clement©,
Blanco, MigaeL
Bonilla, Luis.
Moreno, KafaeL
Molina, Domingo.
Mnrillo, Elias.
Eniz & Co., J. M.
Euiz, Iiuia A. Lithographer.
Guevara, Te6dnlo. Photographers.
Imery hermanos.
Somelian, Agustln. Planters, general.
Aguilar, Manuel.
Alvarez, Emilio.
Boguen, Francisco.
Borgia, Bustamente.
Cellier, A.
DArdano, EeUx.
Dorantes y Ojeda.
Lozano, Cruz.
Euano, EmetrioS.
Ulloa., Cruz.
Zaldivar, Eafael. Printing offices.
Grande, Pedro.
Imprenta del Comerclo.
Imprenta de la Juventad.
Imprenta Nacional.
Mirdn, Erancisco y Alejandro.
Vaquero, Erancisco.
Bull. 58 11.
SAN SALVADOR— Continued.
Silversmiths.
Camacho, Leoncio. Campos, Marcelino. Campos, Gregorio. Campos, Crescenoio. Cruz, NicoMs. Mamenco, Joaquin. Garcia, Vicente. Platero, Fernando. Eivas, Anastacio D. Sanchez, Carmen. Sol6rzano, Justo. Villardn, Manuel. Zamora, KafaeL
Special manufacturers.
Ellis, Benito, phosphorus.
G6ngora & Co., Manuel, phosphorus.
Kreitz, Teodora, coffee machinery. Special -merchants.
Arrazola, Concepcidn, woods.
Carrera, Pablo, woods.
Cousin, Anselmo, church ornaments.
Cuon, Vallon, silks.
De Le6n, Venancio, woods.
G6mez, Cecilio, woods.
Soils, Francisco, woods.
Tonfo-Ch6n, silks.
Tan-Hinlon, silks.
Watchmakers and jewelert.
Casati, Carlos B.
Dreyfus & Cohen.
Escamilla. Manuel.
Escamilla, K6mulo.
Glasser & Co., Marcus.
Imeri, Narciso. Wholesale import and export merchants,
Aguilar, J. E.
Alvarez, Emilio.
Ambrogi, Constantino.
Arrazola, M.
Balette & Goens.
Blanco y Trigueros.
Blanco & Lozano.
Bloom, Baruch & Co.
Bouineau, A.
Bousquet, Pablo.
Bustamante y hermano, Mariana
Castro, Emigdio.
Cohen & Dreyfus.
Courtade, Emilio.
Cousin, Anselmo.
Cronmeyer, A.
D' Aubuisson, G.
D' Aubuisson, Carlos.
DurtouT, Jorge.
l62
SALVADOR.
SAN SALVADOK— Continued.
Wholesale import and ex^'ort merchants- -Cont'd. Dominguez y hermano, D. Dorantes & Ojeda. Duke & Son, J. Mauricio. Ellis hijo & Co. Glaser, C. & M. Goubaud, E. GoiizAlez, Jos6 Antonio. Gonzalez y Ca., J. O. Haas & Co., B. Hoephl, O. Lagos &. hernianos. Levy, G. Madrid & Co., B. Manning, Moffatt & Co. Mata, Juan. Mejia, Escobar & Co. Melendez, Carlos. Melendez y Perez. Mena, Eduardo. Mendoza, Dionisio. Merlos, Dionisio. Moffatt & Blair. Moffat, John. Niebecker, A. P.aloma & Co., M. Pawski, L. W. Perez, Pdrraga & Co. Prado & Co., P. Peralta, Antonio. Perez, Alonzo. Prieto hermanos. Re^'elo, A. J. Rivera hermanos. Rivas & Soler. Ruiz &. Co., J. ManneL Sagrera hermanos. Salinas, Alberto. Salazar, Emeterio. Selva, Julian. Serrano, Pedro. Sell onen berg, Roberto. Soundy, A. I. Tunstall, Thomas T. Ungo, M. Tiidice & Co Zaldivar, R. Zaldivar, Mariano.
SAN VINCENT.
Boots and thoes.
Barrera, Jos6 Maria.
Guerrero, Matias.
L6pez, J. ManueL Druggists.
Amaya, Mcol&s.
SAN VINCENT— Continued.
Druggists — Continued.
GAlvez, Vicente.
Miranda, Luis. Retail general merchants,
Lagos, Manuela.
Mejia, Leona.
Mineros, Sebastid/B.
Ramirez, Vicente.
Revelo, Abelina.
Samayoa, Vicente.
Valencia, Ignacia. Silversmiths.
Pinel, Rodrigo.
Pino, Jo86.
Saragoza, Antonio.
Salinas, Ciriaco.
Sosa, Manuel. Watchmaker and jeweler.
Miranda, Guadalupe. Wholesale import and export merchantt.
Angulo, Nicolds.
Carranza, Camilo.
Figueroa, Josefa.
GAlvez, Vicente.
Miranda, Octavio.
SANTA ANA.
Banker.
Alvarez, Francisco. Boots and shoes.
Aguirre, Jos6.
Calderdn, Esteban.
Erazo, Sim6n.
Francisco, Antonio.
Rivas, Carlos.
Resales, Salvador.
Sanabria, Ram6n.
Taboada, Jos6. Commission merchant.
Alstchul, Emilio. Druggists.
CarbaUo, Miguel.
Guill6n, Francisco.
Haecker, Francisco B.
Interiano, Julio.
Lara, Manuel L.
Rodriguez, Anastacio.
Trabanino, Tadeo.
Vides, Jos6 Maria» Engravers.
Aguilar, Lario.
Alfaro, Rosalio.
Lecree, Andr6s.
Roca, Antonio B.
SALVADOR.
163
SANTA ANA— Continued.
Hatters.
Dardn, Asunci6n.
Mor.iles, Miximo.
Torre, Juan V. de la. Photographerg.
Guerrero, Salvador.
Becinos, Abel.
Shevlin, Santiago.
Printing office.
Martinez, Alberto. Watchmaker and jeweler.
Guerrero, Salvador. Wholesale import and export merehants.
AepU & Gross.
Agacio, A. B.
Agacio, Antonio.
Altschul, Emilio.
Alvarez de Viscara, Maria.
Alvarez hermanos.
Argeta, V.
Augsburg, A. "W.
Belismelis, E.
Berkfeld & Rhode.
Bloom, Bai-uch. & Co.
Carazo y Ramirez.
Casanova, Eduardo.
Casin, M.
Cichero, Sebastian.
Cienfuegos, Eliaa,
Cohen & Dreyfus.
Dellipiane & Dagllo.
Dfaz, Santiago.
Escobar, Jos6.
Garma, L.
Goldtree, Liebes & Co.
Haas & Co., B.
Liberti & Co., AngeL
Maten, P.
Mathies & Co., C. G.
Matheu, P.
Matheu hermanos.
Martinez & Co., Jos6 Maria.
Martinez, Macario.
Mena, E.
M^ndez, Alberto.
Montalvo, Manuel.
P4,rraga, Manuel A.
Pena y Ca., Francisca
Rodriguez, Brigido.
Rodriguez, Isidoro.
Rodriguez, J. & &
Sichero, S.
Subia, DanieL
"Valle, Andres.
Valle, Jos6.
SANTA ELENA (Usulutin).
Engraver.
Munguia, Satumino.
SANTA TECLA.
Boots and shoes.
Barahona, Tom^s.
Coto, Mariano.
M6ndez, Leoncio.
Merino, Francisco. Druggists.
Nunez, J. F.
Sol, Manuel.
Tijerino, NicolAs.
Engraver.
Hemdndez, DanieL Founder.
Luner, Valeria.
Grocers.
•
L6pez, Bernardino. Mel6ndez, Adela de. Olivares, Ignacia de. Olivares, Dolores. Ulloa, Adela de. Villalta y hno., S. Setail general merchants. Ambrosio, Evaristo. Angulo, Roman. Arrieta, Reyes. Garcia, Asunsi6n. Molina, Ismael G. Molina, Jos6 G. Rugama, Elias.
Silversmiths.
Burgos, Miguel.
Gonz41ez, Andrfis. Special manufacturers.
Alcaine, Matias, machinery.
Ferntodez, J086 Maria, machinery.
Flamenco, Rufino, rubber stamps.
Mason, James, machinery.
Orellana, Pablo, machinery.
Ulloa, Cruz, machinery. Wholesale import and export merchants.
Gonzdlez, J086.
Lemus & Sanchez.
Mason, Phillips & Co.
Mel6ndez, ManueL
Orozco, Benito.
Rivas, Tom&s.
Soto, Enrique. SANTIAGO DE MABIA (TJsulat&n).
Merchant. Flores, J.
164
SALVADOR.
SENSUNTEPEQTJE.
Boots and shoes.
Ayala, Patricio.
Blanco, Cipriano.
Cruz, Marcos.
Puentes, Carlos.
Henriquez, Pedro.
Lara, Pemando.
Lacayo, Sanniel.
Navairete, MAximo.
Kn-as Herinogenes.
Romero, Jacinto. Druggists.
Dawson, Jos6.
Hernandez, Joaqnln.
NoToa, Serafin.
Velasco, Dionisio. Engraver.
Peralta, David. Oroeers.
Amaya, Gregorio.
Ayala, J.
Ayala, Margarita.
Echeverrla, Pio.
Echeverrla, J086 Mariai
Ircheta, Victor.
L6pez, Nicolasa.
M6ndez, Miguel.
Novoa, Adolfo.
Parr a, Gertrudis.
Parra Moreno, Jos6 D.
P6rez, Damidn.
Rodriguez, Seraflo.
Hatters.
Albayero, Agapito.
Femdndez, Bernardo.
Sanchez, Eustaquio. Photographers.
Letona hermanos. JRetail general merchants.
Bonilla, Martina.
Castro, Pascual.
Hernandez, Ester.
Hernandez, C6fora.
Lacayo, Justo.
Lacayo, Rosa.
Mayorga, Dolores.
Parra, Gertrudis. Silversmith.
Eemdndez, Daniel. Wholesale import and export merchant.
Hernandez, Joaquin.
SONSONATE.
Boots and shoes.
Alpinez, Eusebio.
BeltrAn, Manuel.
Choto, Daniel.
Montes, MarcelLno. Druggists.
Garcia, Francisco A.
Lievano, Ciriaco.
Rivera, Abraham. Engravers.
Castaneda, Mariano.
Castaneda, Jos6 Maria. Oroeers.
Calder(5n, Maria.
Cea, Carlos.
Cea, Petrona. Printing offlce.
VelAsquez, Jos6 Maria. Retail general merchants.
Calder6n, Maria.
Mencia, Victoriano.
Rodriguez, Jacoba.
Vega, Ambrosio de la. Wholesale import and export merchants,
Agacio, Antonio B.
Ahuja & hermanos.
Casin, M.
Cea, Francisco Orantes.
Claude, A.
Dardano, Guillermo.
Demorro, Rafael.
Montis, Rafael.
Ramagoza 6 hijo.
Ruiz & Co., J. & M<
Rivero hermanos.
Rodriguez, Isidoro.
Sosa, Martin F.
Soria, Juan.
Spies & Miiller.
Vega, Ambrosio de la.
VHanova, V.
SUCHITOTO.
Boots dnd shoes.
BoniUo, Bartolo.
Durdn, Le6n.
PadUla, RafaeL
Umafia, Ramdn. Druggist.
Martel, J036 Maria Pefia.
SALVADOR.
165
STICHITOTO — Continued.
Grocers.
Aguirre, Dolores P.de.
Martel, Ger6nima A. de.
Pefia, JuaiiaM.de. Hatters.
Pefia, Ignacio.
Rivera, Ruperto. Photographer.
Sol6rzano, Guillenna Hetail general merchanU.
Aranjo, Gerardo.
Arrazola, Mercedes V. de.
Prieto, Carlos.
Vaquero, NicolAs. Silversmith.
Ramos, Nemesio. Wholesale import and export merehantt.
Aguilar, Francisco.
Vaquero, NicolAs.
TECOFA.
General merchant. Bautista, Clara.
TEOTEFEQTTE.
General merchant.
Cienfaegos, Ceferino. Wholesale import and export mereJianti.
Corleto, Jos6 Antonio.
TONACOTEFEQTJE.
Boots and shoes.
MArmol, Dolores.
Bennett, Francisco. Grain merchant.
Cort6z, Joaquin. Grocers.
Calder6n, Santos.
Estrada, Refugio de. Itamufacturers of drwms.
Gonzalez e 14joB, MaimoL
USTJLUTAir.
Boot* and shoes.
Avalos, Alejandro.
Sanches, Pio. Druggist.
G6mez, Felipe.
Entail general merehantB. Angulo, Rita de. Aparicio, Josefa. Chavez, J. de. Civallero, Luis. Goto, Ramona. Flores y hermanos, Anita. Ochoa & Co., Rosa. Penado, Guadalupe. Resales, Marcelina de.
Silversmith.
Funes, Venancio. Wholesale import and export merehemt,
Mungula, Ricardo.
ZACATECOLUCA.
Boots and shoes.
Zaldafia, Rodolfo.
Druggists.
CarrlUo, ManueL
Carrillo, Rafael.
Rodriguez, J.
Rodriguez, Adrian. Retail general merchants.
Molino, Francisco.
Mollno, Mariana A.
Rodriguez, J.
Rodriguez, Adrian.
vniacorta, Serafina. Silversmiths.
Mena, Ger6ninio.
Villagrd,n, Mariano.
ZABA60ZA.
Wholesale import and export merchant P4res, Alonzo.
NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN SALVADOR.
Chalatenango. — El Figaro.
Chalchuapa. — El Patriota.
S>an Miguel. — La Aspiracion and La Revista Universitaria.
S>an Salvador. — Diario Oficial, El Boletin Oficial, El Correo Militar, El Correo Nacional, El Gymnasio, El Heraldo, El Municipio Salvadoreno, El Pueblo, La Discusion, La Federa- cion, La Juventud and La Linterna.
Santa Ana. — El Boletin Municipal, La Idea, and La Palanca.
T'ucuapa. — El Agricultor.
Usulutan. — El Triunfo.
166
INDEX.
A.
Page.
Acajutla, battle of i
Agriculture and forestry 38
Agricultural products 15,16, 21-26
Ahuachapdn :
Department of je
Cities of ig
Alvarado, Pedro de i
B.
Barrios, President 2
Banking 64, 68
Balsam ^j
C.
Cabanas, Department of, cities and towns jq
Capital cities, list of „
Cattle . . -
45
Chalatenango, Department of, cities and towns ■ jy
Charitable institutions , oq ^2
Climate and seasons n^
Coffee 28
Commerce e j
Commercial treaties with United States 114-116
Commercial directory 156-165
Constitution of the Republic 75-QQ
Consuls, United States, list of 5^
Cuscatl^n, Department of, cities and towns 18
D.
Departments, list of n
E.
Education ,0
Exports and imports gj
Export duties 153-155
Ezeta, Gen. Carlos o <
167
'l68 INDEX.
F.
Fillisole, Gen 2
Foreigners, law relating to 100-107
Forestry 45
G.
Geographical sketch 5
Government, form of 28
H.
Historical outline i
Hot springs 20, 23, 24
I.
Imports and exports 51
Import duties , 117-152
India rubber 44
Indigo 39
L.
Lakes 7
La Libertad, Department of, cities and towns 12
La Paz, Department of, cities and towns 21
La Union, Department of; cities and towns 8, 26
M.
Minerals and mining 47
Mining code 49
Menendez, Gen 3
Money 64
Morazan, Gen. Francisco 2
Morazan, Department of, cities and towns ' 25
N. Newspaper directory . .' , 166
P.
Parcels post convention with United States 10S-113
Political divisions and population 9
Postal service 70, 74
Public debt 68
R.
Rivers 6, 7
Religion 30, 33
Revenue 64, 68
INDEX. 169
S.
Page.
San Miguel, Department of, cities and towns 23
Santa Ana, Department of, cities and towns 16
San Salvador, Department of, cities and towns 10
San Vincente, Department of, cities and towns 20
Seaports °
Sonsonate, Department of, cities and towns 14
Sugar • ' 42
T.
Telegraphs 73
Tobacco ; • 43
Transportation 7°
U.
Usulutan, Department of, cities and towns. 22
V.
Y'olcanoes 6, 7, 13, 20, 24
W.
Weights and measures •. 63
Wharf charges * • 71
Z.
Zaldinar, President 3
■ o
Library of Congress Branch Bindery, 1901
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