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THE WORKS OF
ORESTES A. BROWNSON,
COLLECTED AND ARRANGED
HENRY F. BROWNSON.
VOLUME XI.
CONTAINING THE SECOND PART OF THE WRITINGS ON CHRISTIANITY AKD ‘HEATHENISM IN POLITICS AND IN SOCIETY,
DETROIT: THORNDIKE NOURSE, PUBLISHER. 1884,
6074°>7
CONTENTS.
Tomrcmat axn Spmrtat 2.
Tax Srmartal wor por rae Trromal
Tax Sema. Osres Scorer “Yor @o Too Farm 2 wk
Heh Eeaw it
EDITOR'S PREFACE. vii
to the republican government of his country, Dr. Brownson was natu- rally a liberal in politics, and it was no easy matter in the atmosphere of New York, the Paris of the New World, to be a liberal in politics and not also a liberal in religion. But in the leisure that followed the suspension of his Reoiow in 1864, he resumed the old Boston tone and wrote, in June, 1878: “ Whatever else I may be, I am not a liberal Cath- olic, but heartily accept the Syllabus and the decrees of the Vatican.
“Tam content with the church as she is. I came to the church in 1844 in order to be liberated from my bondage to Satan, and to save my soul. It was not so much my intellectual wants as the need of moral helps, of the spiritual assistance of supernatural grace, in recovering moral purity and integrity of life, that led me to her door to beg admis- sion into her communion. I came not to reform her, but that she might reform me. If I have even for a moment seemed to forget this, it has been unconsciously, and I ask pardon of God and man,”
4 TEMPORAL 4KD @PIRITUAL.
whow we luve » profuund reverence, is at present a favorite nwthod of defending the power exercised over sovereigns by popes aud conus in the middle ages,—a power alwa adivuy wy tyruits und demagogues, and which it is gravely pre is nu longer held or claimed by the successors of ot. Peter.
Of cure we are fur from denying the fact of the consent and enecebone alleged, or that the claim of the power in question wun in wecordance with the public law and generally tezived wuxinw of the age; por do we deny that this fact fully justifice, on the principles of modern politics, the use which was mude of it by popes and councils; yet we confess Hit the complete und absolute justification of that power susiis ty is to demand the assumption of a higher ground, wud wv diffurant line of argument.
i to M, Cosiglin, aa cited by M, Artaud in his Lif of At. Qreyory VIL, “the power exercised over sover- signe hy popes and councils inthe middle ages was not a crinina) ustirpation of the rights of sovereigns by the wouleaiuationl authority,” because “the popes and councils Wha eavrainwdt this power only followed and applied the Wain (hon very generally received, not only by the le, Wat by tien the most enlightened and virtuous” The fact. luowe allased it undeniable, but when we adduce it in de- fons of the exoreiie of that power, do we not defend the ohurol aaa lman rather than aaa divine institution! This
ag AE Wey as he ANAL ve
sadiniad te i § Popes and coun yeupenis were accent je ET eA sts Ty. and sousequencly sovens tig US DY Wut Law uly, DES.
fe ow a SAEED as ESS eegin Wee
14 TEMPORAL AND SPIRITUAL.
their own, belongs also to our Lord Jesus Christ, not only | as he is the Son of God, but also as he is the Son of Man. “ All things,” he says, “ are delivered to me by my Father.” (St. Luke x. 22.) “All power is given to me in heaven and in earth.” (St. Matt. xxviii. 18.) “Here his universal domin- ion is unequivocally asserted, and asserted of him as Son of Man, because it is said to be delivered and given to him, which could not be said of him as Son of God, for as Son of God he is God, and always possessed it. That he pos- seses this dominion as Son of Man was well argued in 1329 by Roger, archbishop-elect of Sens, before Philippe de Va- lois in behalf of the French bishops and clergy. against Pierre, lord of Cngniéres, who had spoken in the name of the French nobility in defence of the doctrine we are oppesing,
+ For.” be says, addressing the king, ‘Jesus Christ bad both powers {temporal and spuritusl]. not only acconding to his divine natare, bat als acconiing to bis human nature. He is a priest after the order of Melchisalech, and bath written upon his garment. and oa his thigh, Kise oF gtxes asp Lomp oF torte (Rev. xix. 16) By bis igh and girment is understood bis humanity united to his divinity, as a garment to him who is cloitbal therewith He sars of himeelf * All power is given to me in heaven and in earth.” The Epistle to the He Qwews says that God. his Father, hath ‘cunstituted him beir of all things.” and the apostle applies to him the wonds of the eichth Psalm: - Thou ‘as made him a little less than the angels; thou hast crownal him with Slory and hoor: and bast eet him over all the works of thy bands Thou bast putall things in subjecting under his feet: all sheep and oxen. amd Deasts of the BekL” Now in subjecting all things to him. the agretle conchater * Gout bas left nothing mee subjected to him" (Heb.
1 3: TOM) Renee it is evntent that, in that same nstore in which Christ is inferior to the angels be Ras donenion ower all things The fame Concluwe follows frat thik shee text (PRT it S10: + He hum ed Rimatf, Newuniag obadbert unto death, even the death of the ems, Wherefore Gad Bath evalhad Rim and cives Bim a nace which & above every amg, ERAT Ea the mame of Jesus even ahat arc is Dewren, an abe OM A Gat evant 2 oma New SQ Peter aswerts toe SN says TE Ged bas
16 TEMPORAL AND SPIRITUAL.
and judges of his law, even in the temporal order. He only
‘ivea them authority to execute it when declared to them.
Fasidee, to keep, teach, and declare the law of Christ,
whether in spirituals or temporals, is manifestly 8 spiritual intl
function, and temporal sovereigns, it is conf e very doctrine we oppose, have fo spiritual functions. Here wo must be permitted to avail ourselves again of the
reasoning of Roger, archbishop-elect of Sens, in reply to Pierre de Cugniéres. After having, in the passage already quoted, established the dominion of our Lord according to his human nature, over both orders, temporal and spiritual, Roger proceeds :
“St. Peter, whom our Lord constituted his vicar, had the same power. Necondemns judicially Ananias and Saphira for the crimes of larceny and lying. Paul also pronounces sentence against the convicted fornica- tor, That Christ has willed to give this judgment to the church, is man- ifest from his wonds (St. Matt. xviii, 15-18); ‘If thy brother sin against thee, gv and rebuke him between thee and him alone. If be hear thee thon shalt gain thy brother, But if he will not bear thee, take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may Nand. And if he will not hear them, tell it to the church. And if he will not hear the church, let him be to thee as the heathen and the publican Amen, Tsay to you, Whateoever ye shall bind upon earth shall ty bound in heaven, and whatsoever ye shall loose upon earth shall dw lowed in heaven.” Rehokt how expressly be wills that, wherever rhore ix sin af one against another, if the detinguent corrects not himself, ihe matter shall be refernad te the judemeat of the church, 90 that the offender. if he wil Rot hear her, may be exoommunicated And the reason he gives ix that “whataever ye hind or hase upon earth shall be ad or herd Ge heaven) Waser, a, without excepting any
ShY More than the ayeile doc. when be saps att ie subjected to lp fram St Luke xii, 88. ched by bis hondship
Ne in RS
Sant! Certsiniy in that of Peter Mahone thet ik Of the church Do you ay hae Ob the tempoeal sword? Ths, RK radenc
ra Din te awnrr
de coved ele dr OS A nie BS Dat Car ei 18, whe ardor tha whacwee has a Wwiic shank Doing Hic he Judged before the
TEMPORAL ASD SPIETITAL
dex. seiition. treason. for these pertain to the temporal order, aud the chureh has no jurisdiction in temperals Does not the isw of Chris extend to all these maners! Are ther mig a0 fortadden by the awof God! Are they not al] mat- ters whieh wench oomacience! How. then. withdraw them af the church. and say that she has no If the chnreh ean take cognizance Seca jolee beets te Ge meagan coe she eax sinc take oornizance of the sins of pubibe persons of cigs and magistrates in the seme ander. Ii she may ah eivate persons to her for the sins of forn’ canon avd adaiters. why pat aovereiens! [Ds thes: sins conse To be snes when committed by kines and kaisers! If she can impose on private persons the law of having only
Se. can she moa do the same for sovereiens and inde as well as the private person who vicdates it! EE she eax *b. ¢ sedition and treason in the subject. Tyrazry and oppreasioe im the prince!
we the part of shea! “Ts it for the
> the sobsact to the prinda, and net the prince Saez Were that = Was Eng ever pre rasta agains the it: ch’s condemning sedan and mess on $ Sgit does the church eonde=n thew. and not the petnee who fxtis in bis duties as prince! Theadasics the Great war a pions and Swhados epee, dat be was Hable wo Ete of amper. in which be eomoitted acts af infasice eae ot fea Se De Sees? Sa eran ateare o
164 THE TEMPORAL POWER OF THE POPE.
estimate in which a worldly-minded community may hold
them, they are the main hope of our country. They have
their faults, their vices even, but they are a Christian peo-
ple, and feel that man’s first duty is to God, and his dearest ope is hope of heaven.