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APRIL  1977 
S2.00 


KLM 


KLM , . .  big,  broad,  super- 
performance  line  of  beam  antennas 
with  the  same  "take  charge"  Big  Stick 
leverage  from  forty  meters  to  seventy  centi 
meters!  Covers  the  whole  band/  Cleaner  patterns  and 
lower  VSWR  are  attributable  to  sophisticated  designs 
featuring  multiple  driven  elements,  optimized  between- 
element  spacings  and  KLM's  custom  insulators. 

Every  KLM  antenna .  „  HF  through  UHF. , ,  is  a  carefully  crafted  product , 
engineered  for  maximum  mechanical  strength  consistent  with  low  weight ... 
is  corrosive-  resistive  with  stainless  steel  hardware  and  6063-T832  aluminum 
uses  high  strength,  low-loss  insulation  materials  and  castings. 

Don't  be  second  best  in  HF  or  VHF  contests,  Oscar, 
Moon  bounce,  tropo  -  ■ .  penetrate  the 
pileups  with  KLM  antennas! 

■KLM  Model  432-1 6- LB  covers 
430-434  MHEOflly 


penetrate 
the  pile- 


CENTIMETER 

ANTENNAS 

The  fine  series  of  UHF  antennas 
consists  of  6. 1 4  and  27  element 
high  gain,  broad  coverage 
antennas  (5  and  1 4  element  types 
are  rear  mountabiei  All  antenna* 
(except  the  432- 16-LB}  cover  420- 
450  MHz  without  need  for  tuning. 
These  are  ideal,  maximum  gain 
antennas  for  point-to-point  or 
repeater  control  applications, 
An  available  long  boom  1 2'  model), 
optimized  at  432  12MHz,  is  par- 
ticularly desirable  for  E ME  and 
DX  communications-  Eigni  of  these 
beams,  using  KLM  high  efficiency 
couplers  are  comparable  to  a  128 
element,  extended,  expanded 
col  linear  array, 

A  typical  antenna:  {KLM -420-470-1 4) 

Elements:  14 

Gain:  i  i.Sdb  (dipole  reference) 
Beam  width:  i  8  degrees  @  3db  pts 
Diameter*:  Boom    r(25.4mm| 
Elements  H"D  {9.5mm) 


KLM 

20  METER 
MONOBANDER 

Do  you  operate  both  phone  and  CW  and  so  are  forced  to 
compromise  with  higher  VSWR  on  one  or  the  olher  mode? 
Not  with  thl»  KLM  20  meter  monobander!  Multiple  driven 
elements  and  other  KLM  design  exclusives,  give  broad- 
band action,  low  VSWR  over  13-9  to  14,4MHzr  F/B  (and 
sides)  ratio  is  excellent,  gain  is  exceptionally  high. 
(9.75  dipole  reference}.  Impedance  Is  200  ohms  balanced 
(matched  w  KLM's  4:1  4KW  p.e.p.  balun  (optionally 
available).  Assembly  is  simple  and  fast. 

Other  KLM  beams  for  40, 1 5  and  1 0  meters  feature  dual 
driven  elements  for  high  gain H  F/B  ratio  and  low  VSWR 
over  both  phone  and  CW  band  sections.  Also,  m  7  element 
log  periodic  w/26h  turning  radius.  30'  boom  {3",  76  mm) 
Dthat  gives  continuous  coverage,  10-30MHz! 
Makes  an  excellent  NO  TRAP,  20-15-1 0  meter  beam  with 
gains  equivalent  to  long  boom,  3  element  Yagi.  Matches 
50  ohm  line  w/4KW  pep  balun  (supplied) 

5  lull  siia  elements;  Boom:  AZ  .  T  (76mmj0 
Turning  radius:  28  Wgl:  65 lbs.  {29.4KGJ 


At  your  dealers.  Write  for  descriptive  catalog. 


KLM 


KLM 

2  METER  ANTENNAS 

The  antennas  in  this  series  will 
beat  all  comers!  Individually,  these 
antennas  are  doing  a  tremendous 
job  where  high  gain,  FJB  ratio  and 
tow  VSWR  are  important ...  in  VHF 
DX  contests  for  example.  Many  are 
stacking  I  hem  for  moon  bounce 
and  tropo  work  using  available  KLM 
baluns  and  couplers.  Included  in 
the  series  are  antennas  with  7,  8, 
9,  11,  12.  14  and  16  elements,  all 
providing  broad  coverage,  143,5 
to  148.5MHz  (without  tuning)  plus 
exceptionally  high  gam. 

A  typical  antenna:  (KLM- 1  44*1  48-14) 
Element*:  14 

Gain :  1 4  2db  (dipole  reference) 
Beam  width:  IS  degrees  @  3a o  pts. 

9oom:20e  (5283mTrn  WgM  9  to  (4  KG1 


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visiting  views  from  around  the  globe 


Buffalo's  Worst  Winter 


Paragraph  A  of  the  FCC  Rules  and 
Regulations  part  97.1  says  that  one  of 
the  fundamental  purposes  of  the  ama- 
teur radio  service  is  "Recognition  and 
enhancement  of  the  value  of  the 
amateur  service  to  the  public  as  a 
voluntary  no  n -commercial  com* 
mumcation  service,  particularly  with 
respect  to  providing  emergency  com- 
munications. 


i* 


During  the  snow  disaster  in  Buffalo 
NY  at  the  end  of  January,  amateurs 
proved  their  worth  by  taking  over  the 
job  of  emergency  coordination  of 
medical,  food,  and  fuel  supplies  to  the 


stricken  city.  The  WR2ABU  31/91 
repeater  located  in  Buffalo  was  the 
focal  point  organized  at  the  outset  of 
the  snow  emergency  on  January  28. 
Repeater  director  Gilbert  Boelke 
W2EUP,  in  a  73  interview,  said  that 
the  week  before  the  blizzard,  the 
group  had  installed  an  emergency 
power  system  at  the  site.  The  new 
system  received  a  test  when  it  kept 
the  repeater  on  at  reduced  power 
during  four  extended  power  fat  lures. 
In  another  coincidence,  the  simulated 
emergency  test  scheduled  for  that 
weekend  turned  into  the  real  thing. 

Two  other  repeaters  of  the  Buffalo 


Amateur  Repeater  Association  were 
also  used  for  coordination  during  the 
emergency:  WR2ADR  on  13/73  and 
WR2ACA  on  40/00,  WR2ACA  is 
powered  completely  by  a  wind -driven 
generator.  Gusts  of  up  to  65  miles  per 
hour  during  the  blizzard  kept  it  going 
at  full  capacity, 

W2EUP  said  that  over  a  hundred 
Buffalo  area  hams  were  involved  in 
the  emergency  net*  many  of  them  on 
the  air  for  over  twenty  hours  a  day,  Jn 
the  worst  winter  in  the  Buffalo  area  in 
80  years,  the  area  received  over  fifteen 
feet  of  snow  in  a  three  week  period, 
prompting    the    city's    56    year   old 


weatherman  to  give  up  and  take  early 
retirement.  Driving  m  the  downtown 
area  was  banned  for  over  two  weeks, 
and  delivery  of  emergency  supplies 
was  undertaken  by  snowmobile. 

Last  fall,  the  Buffalo  Amateur  Re- 
peater Association  joined  the  local  CB 
REACT  group  {Radio  Emergency  As* 
sociated  Citizens  Band  Teams)  in  a 
cooperative  effort  aimed  at  keeping 
area  motorists  informed  of  traffic 
emergencies.  The  idea  was  the  brain- 
child of  a  group  of  amateurs  em- 
ployed by  radio  station  WBEN  in 
Buffalo*  The  station  received  permis- 
sion from  the  FCC  to  tape  and  re- 
broadcast  repeater  transmissions. 
They  set  up  an  emergency  control 
center  in  the  studio  building.  At  the 
center,  members  of  the  REACT  group 
and  amateurs  continually  monitor  CB 
channels  and  repeaters.  When  a  traffic 
accident  or  hazard  is  reported,  the 
message  is  immediately  relayed  to  the 
announcer  on  duty  via  a  video 
terminal.  The  police  are  also  notified. 
Tapes  of  amateur  transmissions  are 
used  when  time  and  the  situation 
warrants. 

WBEN  technical  director  Jerry 
Klebunde  said  he's  happy  with  the 
results  of  the  setup  and  feels  that  the 
station  has  been  successful  in  reaching 
motorists  without  the  capability  of 
receiving  hazard  reports  via  amateur 
or  CB  radio* 

Stan  Miastkowski  WA1UMV 
Associate  Editor 


The  Ban  Moves  Closer 


Drastic  changes  are  in  the  works 
concerning  the  way  amateur  equip- 
ment is  manufactured  and  sold.  At 
deadline,  the  FCC  was  releasing  two 
notices  of  proposed  rule  making  that 
would  make  a  180  degree  turn-about 
in  the  current  trend  towards  deregula- 
tion. At  issue  is  the  plague  of  inter- 
ference complaints  {see  "C'mone 
Texas  Salt  Rat"  in  guest  editorials, 
March,  77 J  and  unprecedented  pres- 
sures on  the  FCC  to  do  something  to 
stop  it. 

One  of  the  dockets  would  com- 
pletely ban  the  manufacture  and  sale 
of  linear  amplifiers  that  operate  in  the 
24  through  35  MHz  range.  It  is  a 
direct  result  of  widespread  violations 
of  the  CB  power  limit,  use  of  amateur 
equipment  out  of  band  by  CBers.  and 
the  use  of  broadband  amps  made  only 
for  the  CB  market  under  the  guise  of 
80  through  10  meter  coverage.  (Input 
power  required  by  the  bogus  amps  is 
usually  only  4  Watts.)  Many  of  the 
so-called  "black  boxes/'  when  tested 
in  the  FCC  lab.  showed  incredible 
amounts  of  spurs,  Several  makes 
actually  couple  raw  ac  into  the  power 
meter  circuit,  in  an  attempt  to  raise 
indicated  output) 

The     FCC    has    tried    several    ap- 


proaches to  slow  down  the  distribu- 
tion and  use  of  the  illegal  amps,  but 
the  complaints  have  only  intensified. 
That  leaves  the  Commission  with  little 
choice:  Unable  to  control  their  use, 
the  FCC  has  decided  to  turn  off  the 
pipeline.  In  throwing  the  switch,  how- 
ever,  amateurs  everywhere  will  begin 
to  feel  the  pinch* 

No  matter  who  you  talk  top  there  is 
strong  feeling  at  the  FCC  that  they 
don't  want  to  hurt  the  amateur.  But 
the  bottom  line,  in  face  of  growing 
political  pressure  to  do  something 
about  interference,  is  that  the  situa- 
tion leaves  the  FCC  no  choice  —  limits 
on  Hnears  and  type  acceptance  of  a// 
amateur  equipment  are  soon  to  be 
reality. 

Then?  are  some  loopholes  in  the 
FCC  proposals.  For  one  thing,  home 
brewing  will  be  allowed  for.  The  linear 
ban  proposes  that  any  licensed  ama- 
teur may  build  one  linear  amplifier 
covering  24-35  MHz  for  use  at  a 
licensed  amateur  station.  The  linear 
can  then  be  sold,  but  only  to  another 
licensed  amateur.  Here  again,  the  FCC 
appears  to  be  relying  on  the  amateur 
community's  long  standing  ability  to 
be  self -policing  in  terms  of  enforce- 
ment. 


The  second  proposal  will  have  an 
even  greater  impact  on  amateur  radio 
as  we  know  it.  The  FCC  wants  to 
make  all  amateur  transmitting  equip- 
ment and  amplifiers  subject  to  type 
acceptance.  The  proposed  guidelines 
would  roughly  follow  the  same  spec- 
ifications applied  to  the  land  mobile 
service.  The  means  the  formula  43  + 
10 log  of  mean  power  is  used  to 
determine  the  permissible  level  of 
spurs.  For  a  10  Watt  transmitter,  spurs 
would  have  to  be  53  dB  below  the 
output.  For  a  100  Watt  rig,  63  dB;  73 
dB  for  a  1000  Watt  transmitter.  This, 
in  effect,  puts  a  50  uW  limit  on  spurs 
at  100  Watts  output  To  put  it 
another  way,  at  the  53  dS  figure,  it 
would  take  nearly  two  mifiion  Watts 
for  the  spurs  to  equal  1 0  Watts.  As  for 
home  brewmg,  the  FCC  proposal 
would  allow  any  licensed  amateur  to 
modify  commercial  equipment  or 
build  his  own,  which  would  not  be 
subject  to  specs. 

The  reaction  to  all  this  was  slow  in 
coming  at  deadline.  One  of  the  first 
groups  to  react  was  ARMA.  the  newly 
formed  Amateur  Radio  Manu- 
facturer's Association,  ARM  A  had  at- 
tempted to  derail  the  linear  ban  (see 
guest  editorials,  March,  '7 7),  but  sue- 


ceeded  only  in  delaying  It.  Comments 
on  the  proposal  will  undoubtedly 
push  for  alternative  methods  of 
limiting  Illegal  use  of  amplifiers  and 
amateur  equipment,  but  the  FCC 
seems  most  reluctant  to  consider  any- 
thing but  a  blanket  ban.  As  ARMA 
spokesman  Dennis  Had  of  Dentron 
Radio  put  it  in  a  73  interview,  "We 
have  an  incredible  task  ahead  of  us  .  .  . 
first  there  is  the  need  for  our  com- 
ments on  the  proposals  . . .  and  then 
counterproposals.  There  is  also  the 
problem  of  existing  production  runs, 
and  how  to  decide  when  the  new 
measures  must  take  effect/1  Had 
estimates  that  if  type  acceptance  be- 
comes  law,  it  will  up  the  cost  of 
commercial  equipment  somewhere  be* 
tween  Si  50  and  $300  per  rig. 

There  is  strong  feeling  among  man- 
ufacturers and  amateurs  alike  that  the 
amateur  community  is  being  made  to 
pay  for  the  past  mistakes  of  both  the 
FCC  and  "black  box"  manufacturers. 
Our  hobby,  they  point  out,  has  never 
been  fulfy  represented  in  Washington. 
because  of  the  ARRL's  tax  exempt 
status  {which  prevents  the  League 
from  being  an  effective  lobby), 
ARMA  is  representing  us  now,  but  fe 
facing  off  against  some  of  the  most 
powerful  "money"  lobbies  in  Wash- 
ington —  the  broadcasters  (who  share 
sn  attorney  with  the  ARRU  and  the 
TV  manufacturers. 

The  NAB  (National  Association  of 
Broadcasters),  represented  by  ARRL 
General  Counsel  Robert  Sooth  W3PS, 
is  putting  strong  pressure  on  Congress 
to  do  something  about  TVI.  NAB  says 
too  many  stations  are  losing  viewers 
because  of  the  interference  .  ,  .  people 


switching  from  TVI-prone  channel  5 
or  2  to  some  other  . .  P  while  the 
industry  types  are  arguing  against  any- 
thing thai  might  force  more  stringent 
design  regulations  (tow  pass  filters  in 
every  set  and  so  on  I,  and  the  higher 
prices  that  go  with  them.  Amateur 
radio  doesn't  have  any  of  the  big 
money  or  influence  NAB  or  El  A 
(Electronics  Industry  Association) 
have,  so  it  looks  like  we  may  get  to 
foot  much  of  the  bill  through  rnanu 
fac luring  and  sate  constraints. 

Another  issue  is  the  FCC's  per  spec 
tive  on  the  technical  capabilities  of 
the  average  amateur.  Some  sources 
indicate  the  Commission  is  likely  to 
have  its  doubts  after  reading  the 
ARRL  comments  on  Docket  20777, 
the  now  defunct  bandwidth  proposal. 
The  League  was  making  strong  argu- 
ments against  the  docket,  and  relying 
heavily  on  the  question  of  the  need 
for  spectrum  analyzers  to  insure  com- 
pliance with  the  proposed  limitations. 
The   League  repfy   pointed  out  that 


each  amateur  would  need  a  spectrum 
analyzer  to  constantly  measure  band- 
width, and  that  the  estimated  $12,000 
expense  of  such  an  Item  would  put  it 
out  of  reach  for  most  amateurs.  The 
ARRL  argument  was  so  strong,  in  the 
view  of  some,  that  it  could  be  con- 
strued to  cast  doubt  on  our  individual 
abilities  to  measure  anything  . . . 
whether  it  be  bandwidth,  harmonics, 
or  even  power  output.  It  must  be  said 
that  since  many  FCC  staffers  are 
amateurs  themselves,  it  is  unlikely 
that  doubts  about  the  amateur  com- 
munity's technical  competence  would 
fester  uery  long,  But,  on  the  other 
hand,  in  the  current  context  of  linear 
amplifier  bans  and  Capitol  Hill  pres- 
sure, a  little  misinterpretation  could 
go  a  long  way,  tt  is  important  to 
remember  that  although  ham  radio 
does  have  many  representatives 
working  it  the  FCC,  their  interest 
could  turn  on  them,  decreasing  their 
ability  to  speak  for  us. 

So,  what  can  amateurs  do?  For  one 


thing,  we  can  be  more  cooperative 
when  it  comes  to  TV  I  and  RFI  com- 
plaints. It  won't  kill  anybody  to  stay 
off  the  air  for  a  week  and  try  to  cure 
an  interference  problem.  We  have  to 
remember  that  just  as  we  have  a  right 
to  operate  our  stations,  the  guy  next 
door  has  a  right  to  watch  r'Hogan"s 
Heroes''  or  whatever.  Our  clubs  have 
to  revive  TV  I  committees,  call  them 
interference  committees,  and  rekindle 
the  interference  fight.  Point  is  — 
we've  done  a  great  jab  attracting  new 
amateurs  {just  look  at  what  the  clubs 
have  been  doing  with  Novice  classes), 
but  now  it's  time  to  put  the  same 
effort  into  improving  our  public 
image.  And  the  best  way  to  do  that  is 
not  necessarily  more  shopping  plaza 
exhibits  or  being  there  in  times  of 
emergency  —  it's  probably  more  im- 
portant to  clean  up  our  act  inter- 
ference-wise. 

The  magazines  can  help,  too.  We 
here  at  73  are  looking  for  some  good 
articles  on  harmonic  suppression  and 


TVt  It  is  time  to  show  the  public 
(and  the  FCC)  that  hams  really  are  a 
cut  above  .  .  »  to  show  them  we  are 
capable  of  cleaning  up  our  own  inter- 
ference problems.  Otherwise,  the  RFI- 
TVI  steamroller  may  run  us  over. 

Warren  EHy  WA1GUD 

Stan  Miastkowski  WA1UMV 

Associate  Editors 


February  7th  was  the  big  day  -  the 
deadline  for  comments  on  the  FCC's 
WARC  proposals,  Two  days  later,  an 
FCC  spokesman  went  over  the  high 
points  In  a  73  interview,  describing 
the  response  as  nothing  short  of  im- 
mense -  a  seven  foot  high  stack  of 
comments  from  sources  ranging  from 
the  Utilities  Telecommunications 
Council  {UTO  to  the  ARRL  It  will 
take  20  man-months  to  sort  out  the 
comments,  and  figuring  that  the  Com- 
mission  has  5  staffers  working  on  the 
WARC  proposal,  that  adds  up  to 
about  3  to  4  months  work  ahead* 

To  begin  with,  the  Commission  had 
already  extended  the  deadline  to  Feb- 
ruary 7th  in  answer  to  a  petition  from 
Che  National  Association  of  Broad- 
casters (NAB  had  requested  a  90  day 
extension),  Then  the  comments  went 
into  the  public  record  for  inspection, 
with  a  reply  comments  deadline  of 
February  25th.  The  bottom  line  is 
that  the  actual  US  proposal  for  the 
WARC  meeting  set  for  1979  will  not 
be  final  until  late  spring  or  early 
summer. 

Meanwhile,  the  Canadian  DOC  was 
about  to  make  its  WARC  plan  public 
at  press  time,  but  there  were  still  no 
signs  of  activity  abroad.  It  looks  more 
and  more  like  the  bulk  of  the  WARC 
delegations  won't  even  see  their 
country's  final  proposals  until  Che 
eleventh  hour  That  doesn't  leave 
much  room  for  strategy. 

Here  at  home,  the  conference  staff 
office  at  the  FCC  in  Washington  is  a 
busy  place  these  days;  the  five  staffers 
do  not  have  a  secretary,  but  they  do 
have  hundreds  of  comments  to  pore 
oven  evaluate,  and  pass  along  to  the 
full  Commission.  By  and  large,  as  one 
staffer  put  It,  the  comments  are  pre- 
dictable. Among  the  adverse  ones 
(from  amateur  radio's  point  of  view): 
The  Utilities  Council  is  critical  of  the 
FCC  proposal  to  open  up  160  190 
kHi  to  amateurs.  UTC  complains  that 
its  member  utilities,  who  use  portions 
of  the  160  kHz  band  for  power  grid 
transmissions,  wiM  suffer  interference 
from  amateur  operations  there.  The 
E.F.  Johnson  Company,  Which  used 
to  be  a  major  manufacturer  of  ham 


The  Latest  on  WARC 


gear  but  now  makes  CB  equipment,  is 
pushing  for  220  MHz  mobile  alloca- 
tions, arguing  that  the  door  "ought  to 
be  kept  open"  foe  future  domestic  CB 
use.  Also  supporting  the  220  MHz 
mobile  allocation  is  the  Citizen's 
Radio  Service  working  group.  One 
surprise  was  the  Electronic  Industries 
Association  (EIA)  advisory  group  on 
consumer  electronics,  which  opposed 
220  MHz  CB,  on  the  grounds  it  would 
force  the  factor  installation  of  high 
pass  filters  on  TV  set  si 

Further  opposition  to  amateur  al- 
locations came  from  the  radiolocation 
industry,  which  is  strongly  against 
expansion  of  160m,  They  argue  that 
1800  kHz  and  below  is  used  for 
offshore  location  (a  non-emergency 
service  according  to  the  regulations). 
The  radiolocators  say  Interference 
from  amateurs  would  render  their 
installations  less  reliable,  but  amateur 
sources  counter  they  are  already 
sharing  160m  with  the  much  more 
crucial  radio  direction  finding  services, 
which  are  emergency  oriented. 

As  For  the  ARRL,  Newington's 
prime  thrust  seems  to  be  a  push  for 
additional  ham  bands  at  10,  18,  and 
24  MHz,  possibly  on  a  300  kHz 
sharing  basis  with  fixed  services. 
ARRL  wrote  the  FCC  that  the  new 
HF  allocations  proposed  by  the  ama- 
teur service  working  groups  were  not 
adequately  considered.  Then  the 
League  goes  on  to  argue  that  fixed 
point-to-point  HF  is  dying  anyway, 
That  may  be  true  so  far  as  North 
America,  Europe,  the  USSR,  and 
Australia  are  concerned,  but  in  Africa 
and  South  America  the  League  assess- 
ment may  be  in  trouble-  The  poorer 
nations  are  more  interested  in  cheap, 
uncomplicated      HF     circuits     than 


muiti-million  dollar  sate*lie  earth  sta- 
tions and  overland  phone  lines.  It  is, 
of  course,  far  cheaper  to  buy  fixed 
channel  SSR  transceiver! 

The  League  proposal  calls  for  a 
modified  sharing  arrangement  with 
fixed  HF  services  at  10,  T8,  and  24 
MHz,  and  will  probably  gain  support 
from  the  track  record  on  80m,  where 
fixed  services  have  shared  frequencies 
with  amateurs  for  years,  An  inter- 
esting argument  advanced  by  ARRL  is 
that  the  FCC,  in  calling  for  fixed 
allocations  at  HF,  may  be  violating 
the  ITU  (International  Telecommuni- 
cations Union)  regulations  —  article  6, 
section  413.  That  article  says,  in 
essence,  "members  of  the  ITU  recog- 
nize that  long  distance  propagation  is 
prevalent  between  5  and  30  MHz  and 
agree  that  those  frequencies  should 
therefore  be  used  for  long  distance 
communications,  leaving  short  haul 
circuits  to  other  means  ..."  The 
League  seems  to  be  saying  that  the 
ITU's  own  regulations  would  force 
fixed  operators  to  seek  frequencies 
elsewhere,  but  whether  that  argument 
will  stand  the  pressure  of  the  third 
world  nations  at  WARC  remains  to  be 
seen. 

Over  50  pages  in  length,  the  League 
WARC  reply  goes  on  to  suggest  a  new 
solution  to  the  40m  short  wave  broad- 
cast problem.  Complaining  that  the 
FCC  plan  did  not  address  the  40m 
situation,  ARRL  proposes  moving  the 
broadcasters  above  7,3  MHz,  up  to  7,5 
MHz.  (That  would  again  cut  into  the 
fixed  services  aJ locations.)  The  League 
also  calls  for  reduced  sharing  on  75m, 
while  backing  the  rest  of  the  HF  FCC 
proposals*  with  one  exception  —  15m* 

The  FCC  plan  called  for  moving 
15m  down  in  frequency,  running  from 


20.7  through  21.2  MHz,  The  League 
called  that  unnecessary  and  undesir- 
able and  worthy  of  reconsideration. 
ARRL  wants  to  retain  the  current 
15m  allocation  From  21,0  through 
21.450  MHz,  the  compromise  being 
that  maritime  allocations  would  be 
moved  below  21  MHz,  again  taking 
from  the  fixed  allocation  that  already 
exists. 

A  theme  of  the  League  reply  then 
seems  to  be  another  assault  on  the 
new  HF  bands,  opposition  to  in- 
clusion of  any  220  MHz  mobite  (CB} 
allocations,  decreased  sharing  of  the 
ham  bands  with  broadcasters,  but 
increased  sharing  with  fixed  services. 
The  League  position  is  apparently  that 
hams  can  share  bands  with  fixed 
services  (as  on  80m }  or  radiolocation, 
but  not  with  CB  or  mobile  services, 
which  in  the  League  view  would  justify 
separate  allocations  within  any  band 
allocated  to  both  services.  One  major 
stumbling  block,  come  1979  (and 
provided  the  FCC  sees  things  ARRL's 
way),  will  be  the  League  proposal's 
apparent  reliance  on  the  fixed  ser- 
vices' willingness  to  share  with  hams. 
If  our  sources  have  the  correct 
interpretation  of  the  third  world's 
plans  for  HF  (plus  feedback  from 
manufacturers  who  are  selling  African 
and  South  American  countries  thou- 
sands  of  fixed  channel  HF  trans- 
ceivers), it  would  be  safe  to  say  new 
H  F  ham  bands  may  be  hard  to  come 
by  at  WARC.  On  the  other  hand, 
ARRL  may  well  succeed  in  gaining 
FCC  support  with  the  sharing  argu- 
ment. 

Warren  Elly  WA1GUD 
Associate  Editor 

Continued 


11 


New  Life? 


tn  his  editorial  entitled,  'The  75 
Meter  Follies"  (Holiday,  1976), 
WA6ITF  demonstrates  a  misconcep- 
tion, or  folly  if  you  will,  about  a 
certain  type  of  operation  that  many 
amateurs  enjoy  not  only  on  75  me- 
ters, but  on  any  frequency  where 
amateurs  join  together  to  communi- 
cate, in  the  true  sense  of  the  word. 
This  style  of  operation  is  based  on  the 
discussion  of  topics  of  interest  which 
deal  with  problems  of  today's  world, 
It  seems  that  Mr  Pasternak  doesn't 
realize  that  there  are  a  significant 
number  of  amateurs  who  choose  not 


to  participate  in  the  chatty  repeater 
style  of  operation  in  which  he  feels 
comfortable  and  secure.  This,  in  itself, 
is  nothing  unusual.  Even  the  embar 
rassment  he  and  others  tike  him  feel 
when  they  stumble  across  people  who 
"spew  forth  their  personal  and 
sociological  ideals"  (sic}  isn't  really 
unusuaL  What  Is,  to  me,  extraordi- 
nary, is  that  Mr.  Pasternak  has  the 
audacity  to  claim  that  this  style  of 
operation  is  an  embarrassment  to 
amateur  radio  in  general.  This  is 
simply  incredible. 

First  of  all,  in  the  third  paragraph, 


Mr,  Pasternak  recognizes  that,  from  a 
legal  point  of  view,  those  who  "spew 
forth  their  rhetoric"  are  not  com- 
mitting any  unlawful  acts  by  merely 
doing  so,  Thus,  it  follows  from  his 
argument  that  the  fact  that  amateurs 
discuss  sociology,  politics,  and  other 
issues  not  directly  relating  to  amateur 
radio  makes  them  guilty  of  some 
nebulous  crime,  and  further,  brands 
them  as  being  undesirable.  1  wonder 
how  any  American,  whether  an  ama- 
teur or  not,  can  accept  this  reasoning 
and,  worst  of  all,  its  conclusions. 

My  own  personal  opinion  is  almost 
the  complete  opposite  of  Mr.  Paster- 
nak's, In  these  days  of  a  dwindling 
amateur  population  and  Bn  increasing 
demand  on  the  frequencies  we  now 
hold,  some  kind  of  revamping  of 
amateur  radio  is  obviously  needed. 
This  is  necessary  not  only  as  a  defense 
against  other  services  desiring  our 
frequencies,  but  also  as  a  kind  of 
enrichment  to  keep  those  who  are 
already  amateurs  interested  and  active 
in  their  hobby.  Also,  incentives  are 


needed  to  attract  newcomers  and  to 
motivate  Them  into  getting  a  license.  I 
believe  that  by  expanding  the  range  of 
"acceptable"  topics  of  conversation 
and  encouraging  the  discussion  of 
topics  that  are  important  in  view  of 
today's  world,  the  number  of  ama- 
teurs who  allow  their  licenses  to  lapse 
because  they  "just  plain  lost  interest'1 
would  decrease  dramatically*  The 
policy  towards  more  permissiveness  in 
the  accepted  and  encouraged  modes 
of  transmission,  Le*f  F(vl,  SSTV,  2M 
SSB,  etc.,  has  already  proven  to  have 
caused  a  noticeable  flurry  of  activity 
on  the  amateur  bands  and  has  caused 
many  non-active  hams  to  become 
active  again.  In  general,  I  believe  that 
what  ham  radio  vitally  needs  is  a  push 
in  a  direction  that  encourages  individ- 
ual expression,  both  technical  and 
expressive.  What  Mr.  Pasternak  is 
advocating  will  only  result  in  making 
amateur  radio  more  sterile  and  lifeless 
than  it  already  is. 

John  Forrest  WB6EDM 
Isla  Vista  CA 


Too  Late 


Some  time  ago,  the  FCC  banned 
the  sale  of  the  linear  amplifiers  de- 
signed specifically  for  the  1 1  meter 
CB  band,  Some,  of  course,  were  "25 
to  50  MHz"  and  carried  a  statement 
''Illegal  for  CB,"  but  everyone  knew 
what  they  were  for.  That  didn't  stop 
the  manufacturers  and  stores.  Now 
they  are  broadband,  3  to  30  IVlHt 
jobs,  designed  for  AM  and  S$B  with  4 
Watts  input.  That  got  them  around 
the  law* 

Mow  the  FCC  sees  no  other  good 
alternative  than  banning  linear  ampli- 
fiers altogether. 

What  will  this  do  to  ham  radio? 
Well,  it  will  obviously  raise  the  price 
of  equipment.  Since  there  will  be  no 
way  for  someone  to  raise  the  power  of 
his  transmitter  (a  Ten-Tec  Transceiver 
for  example),  he  will  have  to  buy  a 
higher  power  transmitter  to  start  with. 
The  used  value  of  low  power  equip- 
ment will  fall  off,  as  very  few  will 
want  it  Newcomers  to  our  hobby  will 
also  tend  to  have  to  buy  a  high  power 
rig,  whether  they  want  to  or  not,  since 
they  will  want  to  plan  for  the  future. 
Only  the  avid  QRP  enthusiast  may 
benefit  from  this  ruling,  as  prices  on 
low  power  equipment  drops- 

This  type  of  rule  making  will  really 
do  little  good  to  stop  the  illegal  high 
power  operation  on  1 1  meters.  Linear 
amplifiers  are  now  passe.  Ten  years 
ago  was  when  the  rule  should  have 
been  considered.  Mow,  buying  the 
SSB  transceiver  for  CB  is  the  only  way 
to  go*  Some  say  for  every  10  Yaesu 
FT-10ts  sold,  9  are  purchased  by 
no n -amateurs  for  11  meter  use. 

Most  of  you  who  are  reading  this 
were  not  licensed  in  1S58  when  there 
was  an  11  meter  ham  band.  If  you 
were,  you  probably,  like  most,  never 


used  the  band  anyway.  So  the  FCC 
said  1 1  meters  will  become  a  band  for 
small  businesses  to  set  up  inexpensive 
two-way  radio  systems.  Great  for  the 
small  businessmen,  but  someone 
found  out  it  was  like  a  party  line,  and 
you  can  chat  among  yourselves, 
WOW!  By  the  time  the  FCC  reacted, 
as  usual,  it  was  too  late,  Now  the  band 
is  useless  for  any  serious  business  use, 
but  nevertheless  it  serves  a  useful 
purpose  for  many.  The  emergency 
reporting  of  highway  emergencies 
alone   has   justified   the   existence  of 

But  the  offshoot  of  CB  has  been 
punishment  for  the  amateur.  Our  rigs 
get  stolen  because  the  crooks  think 
they're  CB  rigs.  The  insurance  com- 
panies don't  know  much  better,  so 
they  increase  our  insurance  rates.  TV  I 
complaints  are  high,  so  the  hams  get 
the  blame.  When  the  hams  do  perform 
some  good  public  service,  the  CBers 
get  the  credit  When  a  CBer  misbe- 
haves, the  press  calls  him  a  "ham 
operator." 

One  small  ray  of  hope  is  seen 
glimmering,  however.  The  newly 
formed  Amateur  Radio  Manufac- 
turer's Association  is  trying  to  do 
something.  They  appear  to  have  made 
some  progress  already.  For  many 
years  the  Electronics  Industry  As- 
sociation (El A}  has  been  the  spokes- 
person for  all.  But  their  "'standards" 
are  getting  tarnished. 

Maybe  they  can  exert  some  force 
not  only  at  the  FCC,  but  also  to  help 
get  some  of  these  "money-hungry" 
merchants  squared  away  and  teach 
them  right  from  wrong.  I  suggest  they 
start  right  here  in  Milwaukee! 

Dave  &arquist  K9PAK 
HartlandWI 


Ham  I/O 


When  the  integrated  circuit  micro- 
processors first  came  out,  they  caused 
quite  a  flurry  because  they  promised 
to  allow  the  hobbyist  to  have  his  own 
computer  (with  capability  that  would 
have  cost  thousands  of  dollars  not 
many  years  ago)  for  a  few  hundred 
dollars.  Up  to  now,  the  main  emphasis 
in  the  hobbyist  field  has  been  on 
building  computers;  however,  the 
professional  journals  lean  much  more 
toward  the  use  of  microprocessors  as 
controllers  and  not  as  computers.  In 
fact,  the  use  of  microprocessors  as 
controllers  is  usually  given  as  their 
primary  use  In  these  circles. 

1  recently  heard  a  prediction  that 
untimately  there  will  be  several  micro- 
processors in  the  country  for  every 
citizen.  The  basis  for  this  prediction  is 
that  many  things  we  will  own,  from 
automobiles  to  dishwashers,  will  be 
controlled  by  a  microprocessor. 

This  concept  seemed  strange  to  me 
at  first.  I  was  used  to  thinking  of  a 
microprocessor  as  primarily  a  com 
puter  for  solving  mathematical  prob- 
lems and  the  idea  of  using  it  as  a 
controller  didn't  make  much  sense. 

While  at  the  ARRL  National  Con- 
vention in  Denver  this  past  summer,  I 
started  to  get  the  idea  while  attending 
the  microcomputer  seminars  where 
they  demonstrated  several  applica- 
tions for  microcomputers  in  amateur 
radio.  Programs  for  both  sending  and 
receiving  both  Morse  and  RTTY  were 
demonstrated. 

These  programs  had  provisions  for 
storing  messages  such  as  'JCQ"  and 
could  be  quickly  reprogrammed  to 
allow  changing  the  function  of  the 
computer  so  that  it  operated  as  if  it 
were  a  completely  different  device. 
One   particularly  interesting  program 


converted  slow  scan  TV  into  a  TTY 
picture  such  as  they  transmit  on  20 
meters  on  Saturday  morning-  Several 
persons  had  their  pictures  taken  that 
way. 

An  important  thing  to  notice  about 
these  applications  is  that  none  of 
them  are  primarily  for  the  solution  of 
mathematical  problems,  but  are  really 
for  producing  a  particular  function 
that  traditionally  would  have  been 
done  using  a  hardwired  device.  It  was 
stated  at  this  seminar  that  a  micro- 
computer that  cost  several  hundred 
dollars  could  replace  hardware  devices 
costing  more  than  two  thousand  dol- 
lars. The  replaced  equipment  would 
be  a  CW  keyboard,  a  CW  decoding 
system,  a  RTTY  system  and  perhaps 
parts  at  least  of  a  slow  scan  system. 
Another  important  thing  to  notice  is 
that  all  these  programs  were  Imple- 
mented using  a  general  purpose  micro- 
computer with  a  CRT  terminal. 

Even  though  the  computer  was 
used  to  simulate  hardware  devices, 
this  still  was  not  the  same  thing  the 
professionals  are  talking  about  when 
they  say  the  microprocessor  will  be 
used  to  control  a  dishwasher;  they 
obviously  are  not  going  to  build  a 
complete  computer  just  to  control  a 
dishwasher! 

The  way  it  will  be  done  is  that  the 
microprocessor  will  be  instructed  to 
execute  a  particular  sequence  by  a 
program  stored  in  a  read  only  mem- 
ory. The  microprocessor  chip  will  be 
connected  to  some  sort  of  interface 
that  will  allow  it  to  control  the 
operation  of  the  dishwasher  by  turn- 
ing on  the  hot  water,  the  heating 
element,  etc.,  and  to  receive  inputs 
such   as   temperature   sensors,   water 


12 


level,  etc.  This  type  of  system  is  not 
designed  to  be  a  general  purpose 
computer  but  is  dedicated  to  doing 
the  logic  required  for  a  particular  job. 
[  have  recently  been  thinking  of 
ways  to  build  something  related  to 
amateur  radio  using  a  microprocessor 
as  the  heart  of  the  device,  but  with 
the  idea  of  not  building  a  compute* .  A 
very  logical  candidate  for  me  is  a 
keyboard  keyer.  I  have  done  some 
designing  and  programming  of  such  a 
keyer  using  the  8080  as  the  micropro- 
cessor, This  keyboard  keyer  would  use 
about  12  ICs  and  would  cost  less  than 
$70  to  build.  The  microprocessor 
would  do  everything  from  scanning 
and  decoding  the  keyboard  to  generat- 
ing the  Morse  characters.  The  memory 


would  be  used  to  store  messages  such 
as  J'CG  FD  DE  W5PAG."  Because  the 
device  is  programmable,  it  could  be 
used  in  Several  ways  with  little  addi 
tional  effort. 

These  are  several  of  the  possible 
programmable  modes  of  operation 
that  occur  to  me: 

1.  Normal  CW  keyboard  where  the 
operator  types  in  the  text  and  the 
keyboard  converts  the  text  to  CW.  A 
buffer  coutd  be  easily  Implemented  to 
allow  the  operator  to  type  faster  than 
the  CW  was  being  transmitted. 

2.  A  code  practice  mode  where  the 
operator  types  in  the  text  but  CW 
would  not  be  generated  immediately. 
A    long   text    could    be   Eoaded   into 


memory  and  edited.  When  ready,  the 
text  could  be  dumped  onto  mag  tape 
or  transmitted  on  the  air.  The  code 
speed  and  spacing  between  letters  and 
words  could  be  easily  programmed  to 
make  toe  CW  sound  like  W1AW  if 
desired, 

3.  A  code  teaching  machine  that 
could  operate  in  several  modes:  The 
keyboard  would  be  programmed  to 
send  a  set  of  characters  at  random  to 
the  operator.  When  the  operator  hits 
the  key  corresponding  to  the  letter 
being  sent,  the  device  would  go  on  to 
the  next  letter,  or  text  would  be 
loaded  into  memory  from  the  key- 
board. Whole  words  would  be  sent 
and  repeated  until  the  operator  signals 
he  has  received  the  word.  The  next 


word  would  then  be  sent*  This  mode 
would  be  good  code  practice  for  high 
s^eed  CW. 

In  addition  to  the  CW  modes,  the 
keyboard  could  be  programmed  to  be 
a  RTTY  keyboard  and  send  Baudot  or 
even  ASCII  code. 

While  a  microprocessor  control  fed 
keyboard  has  a  lot  of  applications  and 
would  be  interesting  to  build.  I 
probably  won't  have  time  until  next 
fall.  When  I  build  it,  I  will  let  you 
know  how  it  works! 

Roy  Gould  W5PAG 
El  Paso  TX 

Reprinwd  from  The  Beam,  bulletin  of 
the  Sun  City  ARC,  Et  Paso  TX. 


While  it  is  not  this  writer's  intent  to 
in  any  way  limit  anyone's  inalienable 
right  to  freedom  of  expression,  it  does 
seem  to  me  that  said  freedom  has 
become  somewhat  strained  in  recent 
months  on  Denver-area  repeaters.  It 
may  be  that  street  language  has  its 
place  on  the  street,  but  I  don't  agree 
with  some  amateurs'  proclivity  in 
transferring  these  phrases  to  the  ama- 
teur radio  bands.  Prude  I  am  not,  nor 
have  1  led  such  a  sheltered  existence 
that  I  am  unaware  of  the  meaning  of 
these  outbursts  which  have  graced  our 
repeater  systems  in  the  later  hours  of 
the  evening,  but  doesn't  it  make  sense 
to  keep  "FT  rated  material  in  "R" 
rated  movies?  At  least  those  attending 
such  fare  are  prepared  for  stronger 
language  than  might  be  encountered 
in  polite  conversation  —  and  those  of 


tender  age  are  not  admitted.  While  the 
Federal  Communications  Commission 
speaks  clearly  as  to  the  use  of  "doubt- 
ful" language  on  the  public  air.  it 
admits  that  there  is  some  question  as 
to  what  is  profane  and  what  is  ob- 
scene by  popular  judicial  interpreta- 
tion. 

I  wonder  how  much  doubt  exists 
in  the  minds  of  most  amateurs  as  to 
what  is  what,  Of  course,  we  always 
have  the  excuse  that  some  repeaters  in 
other  areas  of  the  country  are  "far 
worse  than  we  are/'  And  we  can  say 
that  the  FCC  does  little  or  nothing 
about  those.  But  haven't  radio  ama- 
teurs always  been  proud  of  their 
ability  to  self  police,  as  compared  to 
other  services?  And  haven't  we  done 
so  most  effectively  in  the  past?  If  so, 
why  don't  we  address  ourselves  to  this 


Rated  "R" 


problem?  "Well,  it  doesn't  bother 
me/'  many  say,  and  perhaps  that's 
true,  but  it  does  bother  others.  I  have 
heard  several  complaints  from  hus- 
bands and  fathers  of  potential  ama- 
teurs that  their  wife  or  child  has  been 
"turned  off"  by  some  of  the  things 
which  they  have  heard  on  the  two 
meter  band  .  .  -  some  to  the  extent 
that  they  no  longer  wish  to  become 
radio  amateurs.  Is  this  an  example  of 


our  vaunted  recruiting  effort?  Is  this 
the  way  we  convert  citizens  banders 
to  amateur  radio?  Is  mine  a  lone 
voice,  or  are  there  others  who  share 
my  concern?  If  so,  can  we  do  some 
thing?  WHAT? 

Harry  Landort  W0JG  L 
Castle  Rock  CO 

Reprinted  from  Grid  Leek,  publi- 
cation of  the  Pueblo  CO  Ham  Ctub. 


DC-8  Charter  Flight  1832,  Overseas 
National  Airlines,  left  Detroit  at  1820, 
destined  for  Frankfurt,  Germany.  The 
flight  itself  was  uneventful,  except  for 
the  two  meals  that  were  served.  My 
Wilson  HT  was  lying  underneath  the 
seat  ahead  of  me,  along  with  an 
Imperial  quart  of  vodka  given  to  me 
when  I  boarded  the  airship.  I  lugged 
the  bottle  ail  over  Germany  and 
Austria  only  to  find,  when  I  returned, 
that  customs  in  Detroit  was  going  to 
charge  me  four  or  five  dollars  duty  to 
bring  it  back  into  the  US,  J  told  them 
to  keep  it;  I  don't  drink  the  stuff 
anyway. 

The  flight  went  quite  well  — 
airspeed  over  600  mphf  at  37,000 
feet-  A  good  jet  stream  had  us  touch- 
ing down  in  Frankfurt  *n  8  hours* 
Coming  in  over  Scotland  made  me 
wonder  if  my  Wilson  could  be  picking 
up  any  Scottish  repeaters-  But  I  re- 
frained from  turning  the  rig  on,  for 
fear  of  disrupting  the  airship's  naviga- 
tional system. 

We  landed  at  Frankfurt's  main  air- 
port, and  in  a  few  minutes  I  was 
standing  on  level  II  in  the  arrival 
terminal,  in  a  90  degree  plus  tempera- 
ture. I  set  the  luggage  down,  screwed 
in  the  rubber  duck,  and  turned  on  the 
transceiver.  The  needle  on  the  S~meter 
pinned  and  a  loud  voice  in  German 
came  booming  over  the  little  speaker. 
No  time  to  talk,  so  I  listened, 

I  made  reservations  for  a  hotel 
room  and  grabbed  a  cab  for  the  city 
of  Frankfurt-  The  airport  ts  about  15 
miles  from  the  city.    My   hotel  was 


European  DXpedition 


eight  blocks  from  the  main  banhof  — 
ten  dollars  a  day.  including  breakfast. 
The  room  was  small,  but  comfortable. 
No  air  conditioning  in  Germany,  so  it 
was  quite  warm.  I  ordered  a  targe 
lemonade  (a  sweet  sour  drink,  a  little 
like  FrescaJ  and  turned  on  the  Wilson, 
I  set  the  crystal  selector  switch  to 
145,1 5/.75  and  heard  a  conversation 
in  German,  l  listened  for  a  while,  and 
in  about  ten  minutes  they  signed  off. 

Now,  my  turn.  I  "kerchunkedl*the 
repeater  and  brought  it  up. 
"WBWLG7DL  in  Frankfurt  listening 
on  .15/. 75/'  Dead  silence.  I  listened 
for  about  five  minutes  and  the  re- 
peater came  to  life,  In  a  couple  of 
minutes,  several  DLs  were  talking  to 
each  other,  They  were  talking  about 
me.  "Did  you  hear  the  W-W  on  the 
frequency?"  They  had  heard  me,  but 
hadn't  answered  At  first  I  didn't 
know  why  they  called  me  the  W-W. 
But  I  guessed  it  was  because  of  the 
two  Ws  in  my  call,  and  it  was  hard  to 
include  the  8  due  to  pronunciation, 
When  being  talked  about,  I  was  called 
the  W-W  numerous  times  in  Germany 
and  Austria. 


A  little  while  later,  I  "kerchunked" 
the  repeater  and  got  a  reply  from  Fred 
DK8ZF,  Fred  spoke  perfect  English 
and  was  associated  with  the  repeater 
operation  and  the  Frankfurt  Radio 
Club,  He  was  very  congenial,  and 
invited  me  to  the  Frankfurt  Radio 
Club  meeting.  He  told  me  that  the 
repeater  was  locaied  at  one  of  the 
railroad  stations,  Thetr  repeater  was 
strong  and  had  clean  audio.  There 
wasn't  any  timer  on  it  It  was  COR 
and  had  a  W.W.  identifier.  The  identi 
tiers  on  it  were  set  very  fast.  I  found 
out  that  the  members  of  the  repeater 
groups  like  fast  identifiers  and  no 
timers,  so  that  they  have  more  time  to 
talk,  with  little  or  no  interruptions. 
The  repeater  activity  is  heavier  during 
the  day  and  early  evening  hours. 

While  in  Frankfurt,  I  talked  to 
several  English  speaking  stations. 
Some  of  them  spoke  fluent  English 
and  others  broken  English.  At  times  I 
did  speak  German,  but  only  if  abso- 
lutely necessary,  DL8MG,  Fred  Num- 
ber 2,  was  a  TV  engineer  for  the 
Frankfurt  station,  At  the  time,  he  was 
working  on  programming  the  Olym- 


pics via  satellite.  The  last  time  I  talked 
to  him,  he  was  sitting  in  his  backyard, 
trying  to  beat  the  heat  by  drinking  a 
tall  glass  of  cold  beer. 

The  first  night  in  Frankfurt,  I 
talked  to  a  number  of  stations,  in- 
cluding a  YL  Her  name  was  Lormie 
DB5UW.  She  was  located  about  40 
kilometers  from  Frankfurt  and  was  a 
real  ardent  QSL  collector.  She  broke 
in  on  one  of  my  QSOs  and  requested  a 
QSL.  Everyone  collects  2  meter  QSLs 
in  Europe.  It  doesn't  make  any  differ- 
ence whether  it's  through  a  repeater 
or  not.  I  expect  a  deluge  of  cards  from 
the  QSL  bureau  one  of  these  days. 

Button-pushers:  If  you  "kerchunk" 
a  repeater  in  Frankfurt  and  don't  say 
anything,  you  are  apt  to  get  told 
about  it.  The  standard  statement  to 
button- pushers  is,  "The  repeater 
works.  If  you  don't  want  to  talk, 
don't  push  the  button/"  The  call  CG  is 
used  universally  and  frequently  00 
repeaters  in  Europe  as  well  as  some 
English  words  such  as  "Break,"  "por- 
table or  mobile,"  "0K/r  "cheerio," 

Continued  on  page  30 

13 


Looking  H/est 


Bit f  Pasternak  WA6ITF 
14725  Titus  St.  -4 
Panorama  City  CA   91402 

SCRRBA  DEMANDS  EQUAL 

TIME  -  ARRL  GIVES 

PAPER  BOX 

White  the  "equal  time"  provision 
no  longer  seems  to  bother  most  politi- 
cians looking  for  office,  another  new 
demand  for  "equal  time"  (equal  time 
to  give  the  nation  what  they  feel  is  a 
far  more  technically  competent  ap- 
proach to  advanced  re  lav  communica- 
tion band  planning}  is  being  sought  by 
the  Southern  California  Repealer  and 
Remote  Base  Association.  It  is  the 
feeling  within  this  group  (an  organiza- 
tion composed  of  amateurs  who  lie  at 
the  very  foundation  of  amateur  relay 
communication}  That  in  adopting  the 
band  plans  they  have  for  10  meters, 
six  meters,  and  450  MHz,  the  ARRL 
has  reacted  to  pressure  rather  than 
providing  the  proper  technically  com- 
petent leadership  necessary,  SCRRBA 
feels  that  the  ARRL  judges  all  forms 
of  relay  communication  from  the  nar- 
row viewpoint  perceived  in  Newing- 
ton,  and  is  willing  to  make  decisions 
affecting  vast  numbers  of  amateurs 
based  on  this  limited  input. 

SCRRBA  feels  thai  it  is  a  far  more 
competent  organization  to  aid  in 
making  such  decisions.  They  cite  the 
fact  that,  while  they  have  been  around 
and  organized  since  the  late  50 Js,  first 
as  the  California  Amateur  Relay 
Council  and  now  as  a  regional  sub- 
division of  that  organization  repre- 
senting every  aspect  of  advanced  for- 
mat amateur  relay  communication, 
the  ARRL  is  a  latecomer  to  FM  and 
does  not  possess,  even  within  the 
structure  of  VRAC  <VHF  Repater 
Advisory  Committee),  the  necessary 
and  diverse  taient  to  accurately  make 
determinations  that  affect  so  many  on 
such  a  wide  scope,  Since  numerous 
attempts  at  educating  those  in  the 
ARRL  have  to  date  failed,  SCRRBA 
has  decided  to  take  a  new  approach 
and  take  their  ideas  directly  to  the 
amateur  populace  to  be  judged  by  ail, 
based  upon  technological  competence 
rather  than  upon  what  League  leaders 
feel  is  the  easiest  road  to  follow. 

This  decision  was  reached  at  a 
general  membership  meeting  held  Jan- 
uary 22,  1977.  in  Burbank,  California, 
and  attended  by  about  120  concerned 
members.  During  the  course  of  the 
meeting,  a  poll  was  taken  that  re- 
vealed the  following  figures,  90%  of 
the  membership  present  had  been 
involved  in  advanced  format  relay 
communication  for  at  least  three 
years,  with  over  50%  being  involved 
more  than  five  years,  and  at  least  25% 
having  ten  or  more  years  of  experi- 
ence behind  them.  At  least  75%  of 
those  present  hold  a  1st  or  2nd  ctass 
radiotelephone  license,  and  at  least 
50%  of  the  membership  is  directly 
involved  in  some  facet  of  commercial 
radio  communications,  with  represen 
tatives  from  all  major  manufacturers 
of    such    equipment     Based    on    this 


background  and  overall  experience,  it 
is  the  feeling  that  there  is  an  obliga- 
tion within  the  ARRL  to  he  respon- 
sive to  the  needs  and  concerns  of 
those  amateurs  who  feel  there  is  far 
more  to  relay  communication  than 
running  down  to  the  local  radio  empo- 
rium to  purchase  a  multichannel  two 
meter  radio  or  packaged  repeater  all 
ready  to  go  on  the  air.  Their  concern 
is  with  the  future,  the  proper  con- 
trolled growth  of  10,  6,  450,  and  the 
microwave  spectrum.  They  fee!  that 
these  bands  must  be  developed  on  a 
technological  level  that  will  negate 
and  avoid  the  problems  faced  on  two. 
They  also  feel  that  to  accomplish  this, 
some  basic  changes  in  attitude  and 
structure  will  be  necessitated  both 
back  in  Newington  and  within  the 
VRAC.  One  proposal  is  that  the 
VRAC  be  expanded  to  one  represen- 
tative per  division,  elected  by  the 
coordinating  councils  rather  than  ap- 
pointed by  the  league  from  within.  In 
this  way,  a  far  higher  level  of  techno- 
logical leadership  can  be  achieved  and 
a  greater  base  can  be  established  upon 
which  such  decisions  of  this  high  a 
magnitude  can  be  made. 

You  will  be  hearing  a  lot  more  from 
SCRRBA.  do  not  be  surprised  to  see 
them  at  various  conventions  and  the 
like  running  booths  explaining  who 
they  are,  what  they  stand  for,  and 
what  their  goals  and  the  goafs  of 
advanced  relay  communication  are. 
For  the  first  time,  there  is  an  open 
and  direct  challenge  to  the  ARRL  in 
FM  and  FM  relay  communication 
leadership.  For  more  information 
write  to:  SCRRBA,  P.CL  Box  5967, 
Pasadena  CA  91 109. 


TWO  METERS  FALLS  SILENT 
IN  LOS  ANGELES 

At  4  pm  on  New  Year's  Day,  1977, 
a  rather  bizarre  event  took  place  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  "City  of  Angels/* 
At  that  hour,  the  majority  of  this 
area's  open  two  meter  repeaters  went 
silent  to  oberve  a  five  day  hiatus  billed 
as  "  Repeater  Appreciation  Week  '* 
The  purpose  of  the  action,  while 
simple  in  nature,  did  reflect  an  under 
current  of  discontentment  on  the  part 
of  a  group  of  concerned  amateurs  for 
the  way  operating  practices  had  de- 
cayed on  our  many  VHF  repeater 
systems.  A  simple  question  had  to  be 
arts  we  red:  Was  a  repeater,  any  repeat- 
er, the  property  of  the  person  or 
persons  who  built,  licensed,  and 
owned  it  (and,  therefore,  was  it  their 
right  to  object  to  the  rather  poor 
operating  procedures  of  many  ama- 
teurs), or  was  a  repeater,  by  virtue  of 
its  accessibility  to  the  general  amateur 
populace,  a  public  utility?  Further, 
was  it  within  the  province  of  amateurs 
who  had  great  and  total  respect  for 
the  rules  and  regulations  that  guide 
the  amateur  service  to  take  direct 
action  to  try  and  stem  the  tide  of 
deterioration  before  it  infested  every 
nook  and  cranny  of  open  format 
amateur  relay  communication  in  this 
area?  In  short,  it  was  a  case  of  those 


who  cared  about  the  future  survival  of 
the  amateur  service  saying  to  all,  "It 
must  stop  here,"  and  organizing  direct 
action  toward  that  end. 

Those  of  you  who  have  followed 
this  column  the  past  few  months  are 
aware  of  a  rather  interesting  experi- 
ment in  /'users  attitude  adjustment'' 
undertaken  by  Mr.  Bob  Thorn  berg 
WB6JPI  to  clean  up  operation  on 
WR6ABE,  now  WR6AMD.  I  devoted 
my  last  column  to  publishing  the 
entire  set  of  guidelines  that  users  of 
WR6AMD  are  forced  to  adhere  to.  At 
this  time,  some  three  weeks  after 
WR6AMD  returned  to  full  time  ser- 
vice under  its  new  callsign  and  licen- 
see, the  AMD  experiment  seems  to  be 
fairly  successful.  However,  during 
ABE7 AMD's  off  period,  the  "garbage" 
started  to  spread  like  butter  melting  in 
a  hot  frying  pan.  Even  the  private 
systems  were  not  safe  from  the  attack. 
For  years,  ABE  had  acted  as  the 
"friendly  jail/*  but  now  that  was  gone 
and  the  sick  abusive  minds  needed  a 
new  home.  Worst  hit  by  these  attacks 
of  jamming  and  vulgarity  seemed  to 
be  WR6ABB,  the  Palisades  Amateur 
Radio  Club  repeater,  WR6ABN,  and 
WR6ABQ.  though  no  system  seemed 
safe  from  "attack" 

Perhaps  this  is  the  reason  that  the 
"Ad  Hoc  Committee  For  Open  Re 
peater  Appreciation"  was  able  to  get 
the  cooperation  it  did  in  bringing  this 
event  off,  You  see,  this  is  a  case  where 
repeater  users  organized  and  requested 
the  assistance  of  system  owners  in 
what  might  be  considered  "a  last 
stand"  against  those  who  would 
abuse  the  privilege  of  operating  a 
repeater  and  maybe  instill  enough 
anger  into  the  majority  of  good  but 
apathetic  users  to  take  a  strong  and 
vocal  stand  against  those  doing  harm 
to  the  survival  and  utility  of  our 
repeaters.  While  small  in  number,  the 
committee  was  able  to  garner  the 
necessary  support  among  the  ownersA 
licensees  /trustees  to  make  Repeater 
Appreciation  Week  at  least  80%  sue- 
cessful, 

Listening  in,  it  was  amazing  how 
many  people  discovered  that  it  was 
not  necessary  to  use  a  repeater  40 
miles  away  to  talk  between  autos  that 
were  less  than  a  hundred  feet  apart  on 
the  freeway.  Ir  was  also  funny  (but 
pathetic!  to  hear  some  of  the  com- 
ments, such  as  the  following  from 
146.52:  "There  must  be  something 
wrong  with  the  repeater  part  of  my 
radio.  I  can't  reach  any  of  the  re- 
peaters," While  a  sad  commentary  on 
some  of  todays  amateurs,  this  is  in 
itself  a  part  of  the  problem  that  those 
who  care  are  fighting  —  apathy,  lack 
of  education,  unwillingness  to  take  an 
active  part  in  policing  repeaters,  jam- 
ming, and  at  times  even  foul  language. 
These  are  the  crux  of  the  issues  that 
led  to  the  rather  drastic  action  we 
have  already  described. 

Results  What,  if  anything,  did  this 
experiment  accomplish'  One  of  the 
prime  objectives  was  indeed  made 
crystal  clear  to  all.  The  fact  that  a 
repeater  is  the  responsibility  of  the 
one  who  holds  its  license  and  that  that 
person  has  the  legal  right  to  deter  mine 
how  his  repeater  will  operate,  and  to 
what  standard,  has  now  been  estab- 
lished,   I   think  that  we  all  learned  a 


valuable  lesson  to  the  end  that  1) 
Repeaters  are  a  privilege  that  we  must 
never  take  for  granted  because  noth- 
ing, even  open  amateur  relay  systems, 
iasts  forever,  and.  if  abused,  they  can 
easily  disappear;  2)  The  purchase  of  a 
radio,  regardless  of  how  much  we 
might  spend  for  it,  does  not  bring 
with  it  "a  right  to  use  any  repeater  at 
any  time  and  in  any  way  we  may  see 
fit";  and  3)  Repeaters  are  in  effect  a 
gift  from  other  members  of  the  ama- 
teur community,  a  gift  that  we  must 
cherish,  respect,  and  support,  perhaps 
not  financially  but,  more  importantly, 
morally  and  socio  logically.  We  all 
learned  that  to  permit  the  lowest 
common  denominator  in  operating 
procedures  to  prosper  only  leads  to 
decay,  which  in  turn  leads  to  chaos 
and  anarchy.  I  think  that  in  the  end, 
we  all  teamed  a  valuable  lesson  about 
the  responsibility  that  deregulation 
imposes  upon  all  of  us. 

However,  while  there  was  much  on 
the  positive  side  of  the  ledger,  it 
would  be  unfair  not  to  discuss  the 
negative  aspects  and  reaction.  To  the 
latter,  there  were  more  than  a  few 
amateurs  who  fert  that  "the  cleanup 
was  not  worth  the  imposition"  and 
have  vowed  to  use,  but  never  again 
support,  any  repeater,  either  morally 
or  financially.  Also,  an  obvious  "cold 
war"  has  developed  between  those 
who  habitually  abuse  repeater  oper- 
ation and  those  who  have  proper 
respect  in  that  quarter.  While  most  of 
the  habitual  abusers  still  hog  repeater 
time  and  stand  upon  "their  right  lo 
use,"  they  no  longer  go  unchallenged 
Many  of  those  who  were  once  apa 
thetic  are  now  challenging  this  so- 
called  "right/"  and  for  the  firsi  time 
are  standing  up  and  being  counted.  I 
say  a  "cold  war"  in  that  it's  one  of 
those  things  that  you  can't  put  your 
finger  directly  on.  It's  in  the  tone  of 
voice,  the  inflection,  and  in  the  very 
nature  of  the  fact  that  many  people 
who  had  disappeared  from  two, 
people  who  had  given  up  the  fight  in 
total  disgust,  are  now  back  and  are 
vocal. 

Another  obvious  negative  aspect  of 
this  has  been  a  polarization  of  owners 
and  users.  There  are  still  a  lot  of  vocal 
amateurs  running  around  yelling  "user 
rights."  This  to  be  interpreted  asr 
"Since  I  regularly  use  this  repeater, 
you  must  give  me  a  voice  in  the  way 
you,  its  owner,  will  run  it"  This  in 
itself  brings  with  it  a  Pandora's  Box  of 
where  responsibility  of  an  owner  to 
his  users  begins  and  ends,  if  such 
exists  at  a IL  It  is  my  personal  feeling 
that  the  only  time  a  user  has  any  legal 
right  to  demand  anything  is  when  be 
or  she  operates  as  a  user  on  a  repeater 
owned  by  a  club  or  organization  that 
is  a  legal  corporation,  and  then  only 
when  such  a  person  is  a  paid  up 
dues-paying  member  of  said  organiza- 
tion, thereby  becoming  a  legal  stock 
holder  or  shareholder  in  the  corporate 
structure.  Even  this,  though,  is  depen 
dent  upon  the  particular  state  in 
which  one  resides  and  the  corporate 
law  of  that  state.  Since  I  am  an 
electronics  technician  and  not  a  law- 
yer by  profession,  I  will  cut  this  here 
and  again  state  that  this  is  my  opin- 
ion, not  meant  to  set  any  form  of 
legal   precedent.  However,  this  que* 


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tior>  of  user  rights  is  starting  to  surface 
out  here  where  I  live,  and  where  it  will 
lead  is  anyone's  guess.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  hear  from  you  on  this 
topic. 

Final ly,  there  was  a  tot  of  cam- 
plaining  that  "it  was  impossible  to 
handle  emergencies  and  was  unfair  to 
transients/'  On  the  tatter,  t  agree  only 
in  part.  I  feel  that  our  prime  respon- 
sibility is  to  clean  our  own  house  so 
that  we  can  provide  high  quality  relay 
communication  to  visiting  amateurs. 
What  good  is  having  as  many  open 
repeaters  as  we  do  if  they  become 
useless  due  to  constant  harass  mem 
and  abuse?  What  kind  of  an  impres- 
sion will  that  visitor  get  if  he  is 
greeted  with  a  barrage  of  garbage 
rather  than  a  warm  welcome?  Our 
first  responsibility  was  to  ourselves, 
and  to  anyone  visiting  who  suffered 
any  Inconvenience,  I  can  only  hope 
you  understand  the  reasons.  As  to 
emergencies:  ft  was  well  announced 
which  major  systems  had  remote/base 
faculties  and  would  be  handling  emer- 
gency calls  using  that  mode.  All  one 
had  to  do  was  call  on  the  input  of  a 
number  of  systems,  declare  an  emer- 
gency, and  he  would  receive  an  answer 
on  the  output.  A  control  station 
would  handle  bis  traffic,  but  he  would 
not  be  repeated  to  the  output. 
Though  not  confirmed,  my  informa- 
tion sources  have  told  me  that  a  good 
number  of  such  occurrences  were 
handled  that  way  and  expedited  with 
greater  speed  and  efficiency  than 
when  one  normally  requests  another 
station  to  handle  such  traffic  during 
normal  repeater  operation. 

Now,  where  did  the  SCR  A  stand  in 
all  this?  Officially,  as  an  organization, 
it  did  not  take  part  in  this  operation, 
although  it  is  obvious  that  individual 
systems/members  within  the  organ Eza- 
tton  did  take  part.  SCR  A,  being  an 
organization  formed  as  a  body  to 
handle  technical  frequency  coordina- 
tion and  as  a  political  forum  for 
repeater  owners  to  interact  within,  is 
not  at  this  time  geared  to  tackiing  user 
problems,  as  this  has  traditionally 
been  the  province  of  the  individual 
licensee.  They,  therefore,  took  a  wait 
and  see  attitude  and  neither  condoned 
nor  condemned  the  action,  since  at 
this  time  it  is  not  their  province  to  do 
either  Again,  remember  this  was  a 
"concerned  user  action/'  not  the  ac- 
tion of  any  single  system  owner. 
System  owners  cooperated  in  this 
venture,  but  did  not  organize  it.  For 
obvious  reasons,  it  is  best  that  I  do 
not  divulge  the  names  of  the  individ- 
uals who  put  the  whole  kettle  of 
wax  together  and  made  it  a  good  if 
somewhat  limited  success;  however,  if 
you  have  any  comments  for  them, 
they  can  be  sent  to  me  and  I  will 
forward  them.  Please  mark  any  cor- 
respondence on  this  topic  "Attentions 
Repeater  Appreciation  Week  Com- 
mittee." 

Well,  that's  the  story  as  of  today  — 
January  21 .1977.  No  one  ever  thought 
it  could  ever  happen,  that  80%  of  this 
area's  amateurs  woutd  lose  the  use  of 
repeaters,  if  only  for  a  while.  Then 
again,  very  few  people  last  fall  ever 
thought  that  California's  most  liberal 
open  repeater  WR6ABE  would  disap- 
pear and  then  reappear  in  the  form  of 


WR6AMD  as  possibly  the  most  tightly 
controlled  open  system  in  the  nation. 
Then  again,  many  of  us  hoped  that 
action  such  as  this  and  other  things 
that  are  yet  to  come  would  never  have 
to  come  to  pass,  At  least  one  group  of 
people  stopped  saying  "we  have  to  do 
something,"  and  went  out  to  do  it.  In 
This  alone  a  new  precedent  has  been 
set, 

THE  ROAD  UP  NORTH 

"Hey    there,    Lightnin'    Rider    .  ., 
You    got    a   copy   on   the    73    Man 
KKU4645  . .  .  come  on."  Not  exactly 
the  lingo  I  am  used  to  using  via  a  two 
way  radio,  but  it  was  proper  for  the 
situation  at  the  moment.  We  were  on 
highway   101   at  about  8  pm.   It  was 
just    dripping   California   winter  sun- 
shine and  we  still  were  ahout  a  hun- 
dred and  fifty  miles  from  home,  but 
heading    in    that    genera!    direction. 
Road  conditions  were  far  from  good 
and,  as  one  might  guess,  there  was  not 
a    repeater    to    be    had    though    my 
Denshi    CL-144  FMCAX    had   10  re- 
peater pairs  and  two  simplex  channels 
in  ft  It  was  one  of  those  times  when 
having    a    CB    radio  along  can   be   a 
godsend.  The  quick  QSQ  I  was  look- 
ing for  brought  more  than  just  road 
conditions.  We  chatted  for  a  while  and 
I    caught    up    with   this    18  wheeler 
(tractor-trailer)     and     asked     if     he 
minded  if  I  passed  him.  He  gave  me  a 
go-ahead  and  as  I  did,  he  called  and 
asked  what  all  the  antennas  were  for 
(my  car  now  has  antennas  for  1 1  r  6,  2r 
and  220  and  looks  like  a  pincushion). 
I  explained  I  was  an  amateur  and  was 
surprised   when    he   asked    if    i    had 
147,57.  Told  him  no,  but  I  did  have 
♦52  and  .94-  We  went  to  .52  and  I 
found  that  my  newfound  CB  friend 
was  actually  a  *JV  out  of  Connecticut 
and   licensed  for   almost  a  year.  We 
QSOed  ait  the  way  into  Santa  Barbara 
and  one  of  the  things  I  discovered  was 
that,   according  to  my  new  ham/CB 
friend,  quite  a  few  truckers  are  getting 
disillusioned  with  CB  and  alt  its  prob- 
lems   and    are    turning    to    amateur 
radio,  specifically  two  meter  FM.  In 
tact,    do   not   be  too  shocked  to  be 
driving  along  an  interstate  some  day 
and  hear  activity  on  147.57  out  in  the 
boonies.    Seems  that   .57   is  fast  be- 
coming the  unofficial  truckers'  inter- 
com channel  for  ham  truckers.  Best  of 
all,    if   the   guy    I    ran    into   is  any 
example,  they  are  far  and  away  some 
of  the  best  operators  I  have  run  into. 
None  of  this  "10-4  good  buddy"*  stuff 
like  on  11.  They  seem  to  have  a  lot 
more  respect  for  amateur  radio  than 
perhaps  any  other  new  group  coming 
into  it  According  to  what  I  learned, 
the  handles  and  southern  accents  are 
gone,  while  clean  operation  is  in.  They 
value  repeaters  as  a  link  to  the  outside 
world,   and  therefore  the  overall  re- 
spect level  is  high.  After  all,  most  of 
the  time  they  are  the  transient  guest 
and   want   to  be  made  welcome  the 
next  time  through  town.  I  wanted  to 
leam  more  about  this  new  phenom- 
enon, but  Sharon  was  hungry,  the  car 
needed  fuel,  and  he  had  a  schedule  to 
keep.   We   parted   when   we   reached 
Santa  Barbara,  but  I  was  a  lot  richer 
for  the  knowledge  I  had  gained.  This 
was   but  one   of   the   interesting  en- 
counters I  had  as  we  headed  north  to 


San  Francisco. 

Radiowise,  I  think  I  had  set  up  the 
car  pretty  well.  Normally,  around 
town  the  car  carries  a  trunk-mounted 
Motorola  two  channel  plus  slide 
mounts  that  accommodate  a  variety 
of  radios.  The  fine  piece  of  Motorola 
equipment  was  augmented  this  trip 
with  the  Denshi  on  two,  a  Clegg 
FM-21  for  220,  and  an  Audiovox 
CB-2000  which  is  self-explanatory.  We 
therefore  carried  10  standard  repeater 
pairs  plus  2  simplex  for  two,  aug- 
mented by  the  two  L.A.  channels  in 
the  Motorola,  one  simplex  and  five 
repeaters  for  220,  and  channels  1 
through  23  on  11  meters.  Between 
radios,  luggage,  gifts,  Sharon,  and 
myself,  the  car  was  well  loaded  for  the 
trip.  It  was  noon  Monday  when  we 
got  on  the  road.  Since  this  was  to  be  a 
fact-finding  mission  as  well  as  a  vaca- 
tion, I  had  installed  a  Panasonic 
RQ309S  portable  cassette  recorder  to 
take  notes.  This  was  possibly  my  best 
move,  for  as  I  listen  to  the  tapes,  I  not 
only  have  the  information  1  need,  but 
a  lasting  memory  of  new  friendships 
we  made  as  the  miles  rolled  or 

There  was  one  question  specifically 
that  1  wanted  answered,  It  has  been 
claimed  that  since  we  have  reserved  a 
number  of  common  repeater  pairs  for 
simplex  use,  the  transient  visitor  with 
his  T2  channel  radio  does  not  really 
have  a  chance.  The  transceiver  I  had 
along  carried  the  following  channel 
pairs:  .01 /.61,  .07/.67,  .13/.  73, 
.16/76,  ,22/.82J  .25/.S5,  .2S/.88, 
.347.94,  .S4A24,  and  72/.12,  plus 
both  .52  and  .94  slmpiex,  remember- 
ing that  in  and  around  L.A.  and 
environs  both  76  and  .94  are  reserved 
for  simplex  and  that  one  must  travel  a 
good  distance  in  any  direction  to  find 
a  repeating  machine  on  these  channel 
pairs.  While  it's  true  then  that  both 
these  channel  pairs  are  indeed  useless 
in  and  around  L,Ar,  and  that  only  a 
traveling  ham  residing  in  this  area  ever 
bothers  to  procure  them,  once  out  of 
this  area  and  into  the  Central  Valley 
.34 /.94  especially  begins  to  hold  forth 
as  a  major  channel.  So,  if  you  are 
planning  to  visit  L.A.  only,  I  still 
suggest  that  you  pull  both  .16/. 76  and 
,34/.94  to  make  way  for  a  couple  of 
far  more  useful  pairs  for  this  area, 
such  as  WRGABN  on  .S4/.24  or 
WR6ADH  on  .72/.12.  On  the  other 
hand,  if  you  plan  to  drive  elsewhere, 
especially  to  the  North,  then  carry 
both  the  .76  and  ,94  repeater  pairs 
with  you. 

Next  month  I  will  get  into  the 
specifics  of  the  trip.  I  will  explain 
which  repeater  is  where,  what  it  cov- 
ers, and  tell  you  about  some  of  the 
interesting  people  we  ran  into,  but  for 
this  moment  Til  just  make  a  few 
rather  general  statements  about  re- 
peater operation  north  of  Los  Angeles 
and  in  the  Bay  Area.  First,  while 
friendly,  operation  is  tightly  con- 
trolled and,  with  little  exception, 
there  is  usually  a  full  time  control 
operator  around  when  a  repeater  is  on 
the  air,  or  the  repeater  is  just  not  on 
the  air  This  seems  to  hold  especially 
true  for  the  Bay  Area.  I  found  only 
one  exception  to  this  rule.  Another 
thing  1  noted  was  that  the  Bay  Area 
has  no  24  hour  a  day  open  system  on 


any  of  the  channel  pairs  1  had  with 
me.  Around  midnight,  most  of  the 
systems  seem  to  go  to  sleep  till  the 
dawn's  early  light.  Maybe  this  has 
changed  since  November,  but  during 
Thanksgiving  week,  this  is  what  I 
found  on  the  channels  available  to  me. 

Another  aspect  of  Bay  Area  opera- 
tion  is  very  tight  user  control  and 
guidance.  The  user  is  not  permitted  to 
take  a  repeater  for  granted  and  there- 
fore the  problems  of  both  user  abuse 
and  user  apathy  seem  much  lower 
than  in  L.A.  Operation  in  general  is 
far  more  conservative  and  it's  not 
uncommon  to  hear  a  user  sign  off  by 
thanking  the  repeater  for  the  use  of 
the  system  and  its  time;  In  fact,  I  was 
told,  though  I  never  confirmed  the 
fact,  that  on  a  few  of  that  area's 
systems,  such  acknowledgements  are 
mandatory.  In  short,  once  north  of 
L.A.,  operation  seems  to  be  far  more 
conservative,  extremely  tightly  con- 
trolled, and  problems  (where  they 
exist)  are  less  pronounced.  One  thing 
was  evident:  "Right  to  use"  on  the 
part  of  the  average  ham  seemed  to 
hold  no  precedence  whatever.  Wher- 
ever I  went,  I-  noted  that  both  repeaters 
and  the  people  who  ran  them  were 
treated  with  more  than  just  respect;  in 
some  places,  is  was  close  to  reverence. 
Yet,  as  a  transient,  everyone  1  met, 
owners  and  users  alike,  went  out  of 
their  way  to  make  me  feel  welcome.  I 
came  away  with  the  feeling  that  with 
proper  education  and  guidance,  prob- 
lems of  repeater  abuse,  malicious  in- 
terference, and  the  whole  gamut  of 
repeater-oriented  problems  can  be 
conquered.  They  need  not  exist. 

Now,  a  few  notes  on  how  the 
WR6AKG  school  repeater  is  doing  and 
on  a  convention  that  failed,  Keith 
WA6TFD  and  company  planned  to 
make  February  20  the  ribbon-cutting 
day.  At  around  noon  that  date,  his 
dream  of  a  tie  between  school-aged 
amateurs  should  have  become  a  reali- 
ty. You  know,  with  all  the  current 
furor  about  busing  children,  integra- 
tion, and  the  like,  I  have  to  ask  myself 
what  better  way  to  achieve  the  true 
purpose  of  integration  —  the  interac- 
tion of  peoples  of  different  race, 
ethnic,  and  socio-economic  back- 
grounds —  than  by  radio.  Rf  does  not 
know  such  bounds,  and  I  have  come 
to  wonder  if  through  technology  we 
can  more  easily  accomplish  the  goals 
of  the  directive  of  our  Supreme  Court 
than  by  forcing  physical  travel  upon 
the  children  of  the  nation.  In  a  city 
with  as  diverse  an  ethnic  makeup  as 
Los  Angeles,  WR6AKG  may  be  a  first 
step  in  that  direction.  Mow,  that's  one 
to  ponder. 

L  have  looked  for  a  nice  way  to  say 
it,  have  analyzed  all  aspects  of  this 
year's  Las  Vegas  get-together,  but 
keep  coming  up  with  the  same  con- 
clusion: SAROC  this  year  was  a  bust. 
Now  I  speak  specifically  of  the  con- 
vention itself,  and  not  the  peripherals 
such  as  the  hotel,  the  accommoda- 
tions therein,  the  hospitality  centers 
(for  which  the  effort  put  on  by  Wayne 
Maynard  WB6BFN  and  Shelly  Chelsey 
WB6KED  for  the  Palisades  Amateur 
Radio  Club  has  got  to  get  the  blue 
ribbon),  or  the  fun  that  a  trip  to  the 
"Live  Entertainment  Capital  of  the 
World  —  Las  Vegas"  brings  with  it.  All 


16 


this  was  great,  but  SAROC  Itself  was 
just  not  worth  the  cost  of  registration, 
However,  I  suspect  that  I  can  give 
you  the  reason,  In  the  past,  SAROC 
has,  at  least  on  the  surface,  been  a 
non-political,  let's  have  fun  get-to- 
gether. This  year,  however,  the  politi- 
cians from  New  in  gt on  made  sure  to 
place  themselves  in  full  view  of  the 
world  and  were  verbose  enough  so  as 
to  be  sure  that  ail  in  attendance  were 
aware  of  their  presence.  There  was  a 
lot  of  surface  politicking  and,  com- 
bined with  what  1  feel  was  a  poorly 
organized  convention  effort  overall,  I 
find  it  hard  to  give  SAROC  '77 
anything  other  than  a  poor  rating. 

There  were  a  few  bright  spots, 
however,  including  a  booth  run  by  the 
FCC  and  staffed  by  a  bunch  of  know- 
ledgeable people  who  were  willing  to 
listen  to  questions  and  give  concise, 
to- 1 he-point  answers  wherever  pos- 
sible. The  brightest  spot  of  all  was  a 


seminar  on  hidden  transmission  direc- 
tion finding  sponsored  by  the  Happy 
Flyers  organization  in  Northern  Cal- 
ifornia. I  have  intentions  of  devoting 
at  least  a  full  column  to  the  work  of 
this  fine  organization  in  the  very  near 
future,  in  that  I  feel  they  hold  the  key 
to  something  b*g  for  amateur  radio's 
future.  In  general,  though,  SAROC 
just  was  not  SAROC  this  year. 

Our  closing  story  for  this  month 
deals  with  a  band  that  is  not  normally 
thought  of  as  being  VHF;  however,  a 
new  form  of  activity  that  is  growing 
like  wildfire  brings  it  into  the  lime 
tight.  The  band  is  10  meters  and  the 
activity  is  a  widespread  revival  of 
Amplitude  Modulation  at  low  power. 
It  seems  that  the  latest  craze  to  hit 
Southern  California  is  based  upon  the 
easy  conversion  of  inexpensive  CB 
transceivers  to  channelized  10  meter 
operation.  At  this  writing,  there  are 
already  a  few  hundred  area  amateurs 


either  operating  already  or  busy  at 
work  converting  their  $29.95  Pub- 
licom  I  CB  sets  to  TO. 

According  to  Norm  Lef court 
W6IRT,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this 
project,  the  plans  are  to  establish  16 
national  channel  pairs  starting  at 
28.760  and  then  every  10  kHz  on  up 
through  28,960  kHz,  It  is  felt  that  this 
is  a  good  low  cost  substitute  to  2 
meter  FM,  and  as  it  grows,  it  is  hoped 
that  some  of  the  pressure  now  on  two 
due  to  excessive  channel  loading  will 
be  alleviated.  So  if  you  happen  to  be 
tuning  across  10  meters  one  of  these 
days  and  hear  some  AM.  bet  you 
dollars  to  donuts  it  will  be  about  five 
Watts  emanating  from  anyplace  from 
San  Luts  Obispo  to  San  Diego. 
Thanks  to  the  FCC  expanding  CB  to 
40  channels,  thus  making  the  current 
crop  of  23  channel  jobs  obsolete  to  a 
great  extent,  and  to  the  willingness  ol 
the  mass  merchandisers  to  part  with 


them  for  next  to  nothing,  a  new  "old" 
rage  is  taking  hold  at  a  rate  to  rival  the 
growth  of  two  meter  FM  relay  com- 
munication. If  you  want  more  info  on 
this  event,  I  suggest  you  write  to 
Norm  W6I  RT,  who  is  in  the  callbook. 
"AM  lives  on  10." 


Corrections 


I  am  quite  pleased  with  the  way 
you  handled  my  articles,  "Give  that 
Professional  Look  to  Your  Home 
Brew  Equipment/*  and  "DVMs  Get 
Simpler  and  Simpler."  Quite  a  dif- 
ference from  the  treatment  1  get  from 
EEA  PE,  RE,  and  the  rest.  Would  you 
believe  that  a  creative  soul  at  Pftook 
a  fairly  complex  digital  circuit  I  de- 
signed and  changed  all  the  lC  part 
numbers?!?  I  guess  he  didn't  like  the 
CMOS  I  used, 

There  are  few  things  I  would  like  to 
point  out  to  the  readers.  In  "Give  that 
Professional  Look  to  Your  Home 
Brew  Equipment/'  a  series  of  photos 
were  left  out  which  illustrated  the 
steps  in  building  the  power  supply. 
Also,  part  of  the  first  paragraph  under 
"Select  the  Cabinet"  was  transposed, 
so  reading  is  a  little  confusing  at  this 
point, 

A  few  errors  cropped  up  in  "DVMs 
Get  Simpler  and  Simpler."  Chalk  it  up 
to  the  wrong  set  of  notes  I  Move  C3 
(0.01  uF}  over  to  pin  9  of  IC2,  then 


switch  pins  1  and  2  on  IC3.  You  see, 
pin  1  is  the  MSD  and  pin  2  is  the  LSD, 
Nothing  seriously  wrong  with  Fig.  1, 
but  operating  the  circuit  without 
these  mods  will  cause  confusion  dur- 
ing calibration!  In  Fig.  3,  the  9k,  0,1% 
resistor  should  be  10k,  0.1%  for  prop- 
er calibration.  That's  it! 

Gary  McClellan 
La  Habra  C A 

Reading  the  article  "See  Yourself 
Talk"  brought  back  a  lot  of  memories, 
because  I  Used  a  monitor  like  this  with 
almost  exactly  the  same  setup  for 
many  yearsH  until  I  built  me  a  scope. 

Reading  the  article  and  looking  at 
the  schematic  diagram,  I  discovered 
two  errors  in  the  last. 

First,  the  line  coming  from  the  RX 
connector  running  to  the  455  kHz  coil 
should  cross  the  line  coming  from 
coniact  5  of  S2A  and  thus  not  be 
connected. 

Second,  the  capacitor  {.01  uF) 
which  is  shunting  the  220k  resistor  in 


the  first  grid  circuit  of  the  CRT 
should  be  grounded  at  one  side  \n 
such  a  manner  that  the  wiper  of  the 
intensity  pot  will  be  at  ground  paten 
tial  for  ac  As  it  is  now,  the  amount  of 
flyback  suppression  is  depending  upon 
the  position  of  the  wiper,  because  in  a 
lower  position  of  that  wiper,  the 
flyback  pulses  are  more  or  less  ac 
grounded  via  both  8  uF  capacitors  in 
the  power  supply  circuit. 

For  the  benefit  of  the  American 
hams,  here  are  the  equivalents  for 
some  items:  EF91  =  6AM6;  800  piv/1 
A  -  1N4006  or  1N4007,  eventually 
1N521B  or  1N5214;  OA81  =  1N38, 
1N98A,  or  1N27Q;  OA210  =  1N3194 
or1N4004. 

Further,  I'd  like  to  give  some  hints. 
When  using  an  old  i-f  transformer  for 
the  455  kHz  coil,  do  not  short  the 
second  coil!  This  will  lower  the  Q  of 
the  coil  in  use  considerably,  so  remove 
It  completely. 

The  two  capacitors  in  series,  via 
which  the  flyback  suppression  pulse  Is 
supplied  to  the  first  grid  of  the  CRT, 
can  better  be  replaced  by  one  capac- 
itor with  a  value  of  something  like  +01 
uF,   1    kV.  Two  capacitors  in  series 


practically  always  have  unequal 
charges,  end  if  one  becomes  leaky  due 
to  overvoltage,  the  other  will  follow 
too.  \  found  out  too  late  and  I  ought 
to  buy  me  a  new  CRT  because  the 
tube  didn't  like  a  positive  grid  voltage 
of  around  400  volts. 

Be  aware  of  the  vary  high  potential 
difference  between  the  filament  and 
ground  Most  filament  transformers 
cannot  withstand  B00  volts.  So  better 
use  a  transformer  with  a  very  good 
isolation  layer  between  primary  and 
secondary  windings.  I  did  remove  the 
original  filament  winding,  put  some 
extra  layers  of  isolation  material  of 
PVC  wrap  over  the  primary,  and 
rewound  the  secondary.  The  splat 
tering  was  gone.  It  is  very  handy  to 
add  an  if  outlet  on  any  receiver  you 
have.  To  prevent  loading  or  detuning 
the  i-f  transformers,  a  simple  cathode, 
emitter,  or  source  follower  should  be 
added  to  the  receiver. 

Anyway,  the  monitor  scope  Is  a 
very  useful  and  cheap  instrument  and 
sure  worth  it  to  build! 

J.  J.deLooff  PAflPFU 

Br.  Hogardstraat  10 

Boekel  4274 

The  Netherlands 


Canadian  Amanur  Radio  Federation,  inc. 


The  Canadian  Amateur  Radio 
Federation  Inc.  is  pleased  to  announce 
the  following  awards  available  to  all 
radio  amateurs  worldwide. 

CAN  A  DAW  A  RD:  A  colorful 
certificate  will  be  issued  to  any  ama- 
teur who  confirms  two-way  QSOs 
with  all  Canadian  Provinces  and  Ter- 
ritories, Ail  QSOs  to  be  on  one  band 
only-  This  certificate  is  endorsed  as  to 
band.  Separate  awards  are  issued  for 
each  band  on  which  the  applicant 
qualifies  (12  cards  per  hand). 

A  mode  endorsement  is  avail- 
able if  all  QSOs  are  made  on  the  same 
mode  (CW,  SSB,  RTTY,  SSTVI.  Con- 
tacts made  after  July  1,  1977, 
onfy  will  count  for  this  award.  Submit 
the  12  card*  with  one  dollar  (S1.00] 


Canadian  or  U.S.  funds  or  10  IRCs 
plus  sufficient  funds  for  return 
postage.  CARP  members  need  send 
only  funds  for  return  postage. 

5  Sand  CANADAWARD:  A  special 
plaque  will  be  issued  to  any  amateur 
who  confirms  two-way  QSOs  with  all 
Canadian  Provinces  and  Territories  on 
each  of  five  separate  bands  (total  of 
60  cards  -  12  cards  per  band}. 

Contacts  made  after  July 
1,  1977,  oniy  wfll  count  for  this 
award.  Submit  the  60  cards  with  seven 
dollars  (S7.00)  Canadian  or  U.S.  funds 
or  70  IRCs  plus  sufficient  funds  for 
return  postage.  All  CARF  awards  are 
free  to  CARF  members.  CARF  mem- 
bers need  send  only  funds  for  return 
postage. 


$  Band  CANADAWARD,  7  Band 
CANADAWARD,  ETC:  Special 
endorsements  to  the  basic  5  band 
CANADAWARD  will  be  issued  to  any 
amateur  who  confirms  two-way  QSOs 
with  all  Canadian  Provinces  and  Ter- 
ritories on  more  than  5  bands.  Submit 
the  additional  cards  with  sufficient 
funds  for  return  postage. 

All  amateur  hands  may  be  used. 
Each    distinct    satellite    mode    (432 


in/ 144  ouu  144  in/29  out(  T44  (n/432 
out  etc.)  will  count  as  a  separate 
band. 

NOTE:  These  awards  do  not  con- 
flict with  the  WAVE  and  WACAN 
awards  sponsored  by  the  Nortown 
Amateur  Radio  Club. 

Mall  ail  applications  for  the 
CAN  AD  AWARDS  to:  P.O,  Box 
76752.  Vancouver,  B.C..  Canada 
VSR  5S7, 


Tracking 

the  Hamburglar 


RIPPED  OFF:  Clegg  FM-DX  2  meter 
FM  transceiver,  s/n  HM-29B  and 
microphone  were  stolen  from  the  van 
of  WA3BGN  on  Feb.  5,  1977,  in 
downtown    Bridgeport    CT.    Anyone 


with  information  please  contact  Jon 
P.  Zaimes  WA3BGN,  681  Longhill 
Ave.T  Shelton  CT  06484  (phone  203 
9294659}  or  the  Bridgeport  police 
department,  file  no.  6856. 


17 


*"•  V  P  f1 


o  r  o  j  f  r 


tel  I      la      p  :.]     that 


AR73L? 


] 


Just  a  short  tetter  to  commend 
your  fine  effort  in  the  area  of  amateur 
radio.  In  my  opinion,  73  is  the  best 
magazine  on  the  market.  You  always 
have  up  to  the  minute  news  on  what's 
happening  in  our  hobby.  You  also 
solicit  people  to  write  guest  editor! a Is 
if  they  disagree  with  you,  and  unlike 
other  magazines,  you  even  print  them. 

If  there  was  one  thing  to  be 
changed  in  73.  it  would  be  the  com 
puter  I/O  section.  Though  it  is  the  up 
and  coming  trend  in  amateur  radio, 
and  although  J  have  a  great  interest  in 
the  subject  as  a  beginner,  I  feel  the 
computer  articles  should  be  reserved 
for  your  new  magazine,  Kilobaud.  I 
think  there  is  nothing  wrong  with 
materia)  about  computers;  I  just  be- 
lieve construction  and  programming 
should  be  kept  in  the  magazine  that 
was  designed  for  the  specialist  — 
Kilobaud.  Computers  just  aren't 
everybody's  bag  of  capacitors. 

These  are  just  my  own  personal 
feelings  and  I  thought  it  might  do 
some  good  to  let  you  know  where  I 
stand.  In  all  other  areas,  Wayne,  just 
keep  up  the  excellent  work,  and  in  the 
future  we  just  may  have  the  AR73L 
for  the  betterment  of  our  hobby. 
Thanks  for  listening  and  for  a  super 
magazine, 

Neil  Kelly  VE6CFI/W4 
Temple  Terrace  FL 


SPREAD  THE  WORD 

I  am  in  FULL  accord  with  your 
opinions  about  Docket  20232  (and 
those  numbers  sound  like  the  last 
mile}.  Did  it  ever  occur  to  anyone  (I 
know  you  caught  it  I  thai  the  individ- 
ual who  wilt  apply  for  a  freebie 
Communicator  license  —  and  pays  his 
money  —  must  first  be  interested  in 
amateur  radio?  Therefore,  and  ac- 
cordingly, someone  MUST  interest 
him!  Without  that  interest  nothing 
happens  to  the  grand  idea  of  the 
amateur  cup  running  over,  There  is 
where  the  League  has  consistently 
dropped  the  hot  potato  —  public 
relations.  This  little  item  requires  pros 
and  real  ones.  The  Podunk  Valley 
Radio  Dub  cannot  possibly  get  ama- 
teur radio  into  the  media,  but  with  all 
the  affluence  of  the  ARRL  it  can  do 
it  —  if  it  will  set  up  the  proper 
department  and  hire  pros.  Every  other 
national  organization  I  have  heard  of 
and  joined  spends  money  on  just  that  I 
Nevertheless,  the  boys  in  the  back 
room  have  hidden  themselves  in  their 
lYewington  digs  and  repeatedly  ask  the 
young  outsiders  to  spread  the  word.  It 


cannot  be  done  effectively  in  that 
manner.  This  I  have  written,  dis- 
cussed, and  informed  the  Director  and 
everyone  I  meet,  I  have  received  no 
solid  reply  except  that  it  is  a  good 
idea. 

If  you  interest  the  students,  the  Boy 
Scouts,  the  Girl  Scouts,  the  Sunday 
schools,  and  even  the  stamp  clubs, 
then  and  only  then  will  there  be  a  run 
for  the  licenses. 

One  minor  comment:  I  have  spoken 
before  Puritans,  Kiwants,  Rotary,  et 
al,  and  shown  the  much  touted 
"Ham's  Wide  World,"  It's  an  inter 
esting  movie  but  not  a  movie  to 
interest  new  hams.  As  I  tried  to  tell 
some  friends  the  other  day:  My  shack 
is  open  any  time  you  have  someone 
you  would  like  to  exhibit  ham  radio 
to.  However,  if  you  show  a  youngster 
all  the  gear  that  has  been  accumulated 
in  35  years,  you  will  immediately 
scare  him  away.  He  will  either  be  so 
awed  or  so  confused  that  he  will 
immediately  conceive  the  idea  that 
the  hobby  is  for  the  rich  and  the 
mighty.  What  really  has  to  be  done  is 
to  simulate  the  old  6L6  and  oatmeal 
box  and  show  them  how  it  works, 

Gay  Milius,  Jr. 
Virginia  Beach  VA 


LEARNING 


This  letter  should  really  go  to  Peter 
Kendall  WN3ZRG  (Letters,  Jan.  Issue, 
p. 154),  because  it  is  for  people  like 
him  that  I  am  writing  it.  Pete,  I 
completely  disagree  with  your  views, 
and  actually  take  offense  with  your 
criticism  of  73.  It  seems  as  though 
you  are  stiff  a  neophyte  to  ham  radio 
—  not  in  the  technical  sense,  but  in 
the  fraternal  sense.  You  are  selfish. 
Just  because  you  have  no  interest  in 
computers,  you  think  they  should  not 
have  a  section  in  73.  In  thinking  this 
way,  you  are  depriving  others  that  do 
have  an  interest  in  them  the  a  poor 
tun  it y  to  learn  more  about  them.  If 
you  **,  .  ,  see  no  need  for  {a  computer) 
..."  in  your  shack,  fine  —  don't  buy 
one.  But  there  are  others,  with  a  little 
more  upstairs  than  you  or  me.  thai 
find  a  need  for  one,  I;  too,  don't  need 
a  computer  in  my  shack  fyeth  but 
that  doesn't  mean  I  want  to  hack 
every  I/O  article  in  73  to  pieces  with  a 
meat  cleaver.  I'm  a  Tech  and  don't 
want  a  low  band  rig  in  my  shack,  I 
prefer  VHF#  but  I  don't  want  to  sit  in 
front  of  a  fire  and  burn  articles  on 
keyers  and  CW  filters,  I  want  to  read 
articles  on  the  low  bands  —maybe  I'll 
find  some  facet  of  operating  that  Til 
be  interested  in.  Enough  of  this  self - 
glorification. 

My  point  is  that  I  don't  think  we 
should  deprive  others  of  something 


that  they  enjoy  just  as  much  as  you 
enjoy  the  "distant  station,"  or  some- 
thing  I  enjoy  as  much  as  bringing  an 
old  taxi  radio  to  life  on  six  meter  FM. 
If  terms  like  byte,  ROM.  RAM,  etc., 
leave  you  in  the  dust,  get  up  and  try 
to  learn  them*  If  you  don't  want  to, 
then  lie  there  and  be  trampled  by 
others  who  are  not  "conventional 
hams." 

Please  do  write  some  articles  on 
code  speed,  observations  on  the  ham 
bands,  etc-  I'd  enjoy  reading  them. 
Not  because  I  care  about  operating  at 
40+  wpmr  but  for  the  same  reason 
(hat  I  read  the  I/O  articles  -  I  want  to 
learn, 

Jim  Heid  WB3CW  Y 
Pittsburgh  PA 


THE  MENTAL  BLOCK 


fc 


Yesterday's  arrival  of  73  was  a 
pleasant  surprise,  what  with  the  mail 
tie  up  during  the  holidays.  As  usual,  it 
was  interesting  and  informative.  Read 
the  Letters  section:  1  used  to  agree 
with  W5GOS  about  I/O  artictes*  It 
took  a  tech  talk  by  WA2PJS  at  the 
Dec  A  RATS  IW2SEX  -  Iwten  for  us 
during  FO  *77}  meeting  to  kindle  a 
keen  interest.  By  the  way.  took  a 
digital  course  at  college  recently, 
found  it  easy  and  interesting*  got  a 
"B".  Anyway,  I/O  is  more  interesting 
to  me  nowadays,  but  not  enough  to 
cause  me  to  subscribe  to  a  new  maga- 
zine. I  will,  however,  purchase  the 
"Bugbooks"  when  time  and  finances 
warrant. 

Having  heard  all  the  arguments  for 
and  against  CW,  Id  tike  to  say  that 
CW  is  just  plain  enjoyable  operating.  I 
like  it,  The  73  tape  was  a  great  assist 
in  qualifying  at  20  wpm  at  Rochester 
this  spring.  I'm  an  Extra  now.  Those 
who  cry  about  the  code  probably  have 
a  mental  block  (they  have  pro- 
grammed themselves  not  to  learn  It  by 
thinking  to  themselves  that  it  is  im- 
possible; I've  been  through  that  my 
self  on  occasion L 

Whatever  happened  to  SSTV?  Edi- 
torials rambled  on  about  it  at  length 
some  time  back,  and  now  -  nothing. 
Granted,  there  are  many  subjects  to 
write  about,  and  SSTV  probably 
won't  come  up  for  some  time  again. 
Oh  well. 

Steered  two  CBers  toward  their 
ham  tickets  this  summer  and  fall.  One 


is  an  avfd  DXer;  when  he  learned  that 
several  hundred  mile  QSOs  are  pos- 
sible daily  on  the  ham  bands,  he  dug 
in  and  studied,  attended  an  A  RAT  5- 
sponsored  ten  week  class.  The  other 
fellow  always  knew  about  ham  radio, 
finally  found  the  time  and  the  help, 
and  is  nearly  ready  to  try  his  code 
test.  Met  him  in  a  barroom  where  he 
tried  to  pick  my  mind  for  antenna 
info.  He's  built  several  CB  antennas  so 
far,  will  grow  into  the  HF  ham  bands 
soon.  It's  a  good  feeling,  helping  these 
guys.  They'll  still  keep  their  CBs  for 
utilitarian  communications,  though, 
The  darn  things  do  have  a  practical 
value. 

Having  recently  passed  my  FCC 
Second  Class  Radiotelephone  ticket 
and  my  Extra,  and  not  having  time  for 
hamming,  I'm  still  volunteering  myself 
to  help  anyone  in  the  Honeymoon 
Capital  area  toward  obtaining  a  ticket 

Jeff  tv  Black  men  WB2UYI 

7714  Lindbergh  Ave. 

Niagara  Falls  NY  14304 


BUS-MOBILE 


] 


Thank  you  for  a  most  interesting 
issue,  =195,  Holiday.  1976, 

Enclosed  is  a  photo  which  I 
hope  will  be  of  interest  to  you, 
depicting  as  it  does  how  readily  one 
can  adapt  amateur  radio  to  one's  job 
given  enough  imagination1  Working 
mainly  night  runs  P'owis"),  1  found 
my  Standard  hand-held  to  be  a  wel- 
come diversion  during  my  layovers,  as 
well  as  a  convenient  supplementary 
communications  means  in  event  of  an 
emergency. 

This  photo  was  taken  for  a  QSL 
card  I  am  designing,  Unfortunately, 
my  having  to  be  at  the  business  end  of 
a  1950  Exakta  with  a  cantankerous 
self-timer  precluded  my  being  photo- 
graphed  in  the  bus  with  the  Standard. 

I  would  be  most  interested  in  hear- 
ing  from  other  radio  amateurs  who 
may  be  similarly  involved  in  the  trans- 
portation industry. 

In  this  area,  ''Locomotive  Mobile" 
is  also  known! 

Thank  you  for  a  very  stimulating 
year  one  of  my  three  year  subcription 
I  read  both  73  and  HR,  and  find  they 
complement  each  other  nicely. 

E.  G,  (Ernie}  Kenward  VE7BYK 
North  Vancouver  BC 


18 


NAG  MOBILE 


l  thought  you  might  be  interested 
in  my  system  of  mo  bite  communica- 
tion: Nag  Mobile.  In  a  world  of 
machines,  electronics,  and  computers, 
the  wes(  is  still  able  to  blend  modern 
technology  with  the  traditional  west- 
ern mode  of  travel  -  the  horse,  The 
Appaloosa  pictured  is  able  to  differ- 
entiate between  an  antenna  and  a 
whip  and  is  undisturbed  by  my  mobile 
communication.  There  is  no  Ignition 
noise  or  alternator  whine  -  just  an 
occasional  whinny. 

The  transceiver,  a  Drake  TR-22,  is 
secured  to  the  saddle  horn,  the  coa*  is 
run  under  the  saddle,  and  the  antenna 
is  a  Larsen  Mag  {Nag)  Mount  secured 
to  a  metal  strip  which  is  affixed  to  the 
back  of  the  saddle-  In  flat  desert  areas, 
the  system  is  ideal,  with  no  brush  or 
trees  to  entangle  the  antenna  —  and  rt 
helps  to  have  a  cooperative  horse, 
Long  live  the  west! 

Horse  mobile  is  not  unusual  here  in 
the  west  The  local  repeater  group 
helps  with  parades,  and  most  trail 
rides  utilize  handie-talkies,  but  I  have 
never  seen  a  horse- mounted  antenna, 
Hope  you  enjoy  the  photos. 

Carol  Sears  WB7CUF 
Phoenix  AZ 

PS.  My  father,  Stan  Sears,  (W2PQG) 
suggested  your  magazine,  as  it  has  a 
better  reputation  for  printing  articles 
than  GST" or  other  ham  magazines. 


Beam  walking'  -  Ed. 


WARC 


I  read  the  writeup  on  the  proposals 
for  the  WARC  conference  with  con- 
siderable interest.  I'm  glad  you  went 
into  detail  on  it  in  the  February  issue, 
I  don't  think  the  analysis  went  far 
enough,  though;  in  the  case  of  all  but 
the  HF  bands,  it  didn't  say  much 
about  the  implications  of  the  pro- 
posed changes,  or  the  pros  and  cons,  I 
hope  there  will  be  space  in  the  future 
to  educate  us  about  bands  we  don't 
work,  or  haven't  worked  in  the  past. 
One  question  that  comes  ro  mind  is: 
What's  the  purpose  of  satellite  alloca- 
tions in  the  HF  bands? 

Now,  several  comments.  First,  if  it's 
argued  that  we  need  some  spectrum 
space  at  in-between  places  to  get 
reliable  propagation  when  the  present 
bands  are  out,  for  such  jobs  as 
handling  the  traffic  arising  out  of  the 
Nicaragua  earthquake,  maybe  we 
don't  need  whole  bands,  As  accurate 
as  ham  gear  is  getting,  a  few  spot 
frequencies  might  be  enough.  Making 
them  open  only  to  traffic  nets  would 
keep  them  quiet  most  of  the  time,  so 
high  priority  traffic  couid  get  through, 
and  letting  the  nets  on  would  get 
them  listened  to  periodically.  Natural- 
ly, any  ham  should  be  able  to  declare 
an  emergency  and  call  Next,  I  think  it 
would  be  helpful  all  around  if  there 
were  a  few  spot  frequencies  shared 
with  other  users.  How  about  a  com- 
mon emergency  frequency  for  hams, 
aircraft,   inshore  boats,  and  land  mo- 


bile? FM  on  144.000  MHz  would  be 
an  obvious  choice.  Putting  all  the 
crash  beacons  on  that  frequency 
would  free  up  121.5  for  urgent  voice 
calling,  as  well  as  simplify  WGGCQW's 
proposal  for  equipping  2m  repeaters 
to  detect  ELTs,  Now,  a  really  radical 
suggestion,  as  wild  as  anything  that 
ever  came  out  of  Peterborough.  Has 
anyone  considered  the  idea  of  trying 
to  steer  the  ElA's  grabby  mitts  away 
from  220  by  suggesting  that  CB  ex- 
pand into  6  meters?  Being  right  next 
door  to  channel  2,  the  TVI  potential 
makes  any  significant  amount  of  pow- 
er a  nearly  hopeless  proposition  ex- 
cept for  those  who  live  far  from  cities. 

50  6  meter  DX,  while  sometimes 
possible  when  propagation  is  right,  is 
never  going  to  be  a  workhorse.  I've 
never  heard  more  than  half  a  dozen 
stations  on  the  band,  and  none  above 

51  MHz,  Meanwhile,  as  2m  fills  up, 
the  next  logical  place  to  put  repeaters 
is  220,  so  we're  likely  to  want  it  very 
soon.  From  I  he  CBers"  viewpoint,  6m 
would  make  a  much  better  mobile 
band  than  220,  because  the  longer 
wavelength  gets  around  obstructions 
better,  and  being  closer  to  Tim,  it 
would  be  easier  and  cheaper  to  make 
one  transceiver  cover  both  —  probably 
as  one  continuous  series  of  channels. 
By  the  same  argument,  ham  gear 
couid  treat  2m  and  220  almost  as  one 
band.  Shared  use  of  some  low  end 
channels  on  6m  could  be  a  really  cool 
idea,  too*  We  could  end  up  with  a 
common  emergency  channel  with  di- 
rect input  to  police  departments,  and 
the  chance  to  both  demonstrate  supe- 
rior operating  practices  and  rub  noses 
in  the  benefits  of  such  ham  privileges 
as  equipment  modification  and  high 
power.  Incidentally,  I  think  any  new 
CB  channels  should  be  sideband  only, 
and  not  just  to  save  spectrum.  With  all 
the  benefits  of  having  radio  in  every- 
thing that  moves,  carrier  heterodynes 
make  channel  19  pretty  hard  on  the 
ears. 

John  A.  Carroll  K6HKB/1 
Bedford  MA 

LONESOME  SAILORS 

I  am  a  Coast  Guard  radioman, 
stationed  onboard  the  USCGC 
tngham.  I  have  noticed  that  73  has 
brought  up  some  good  suggestions  for 
things  to  keep  a  sharp  lookout  for  at 
the  next  ITU  conference  coming  up 
shortly.  Here  is  another  one:  the 
expansion  of  the  use  of  present  ama- 
teur   bands    in    international    waters. 


especially  region  2. 

There  are  a  lot  of  things  that  us 
poor  lonesome  sailors  miss  out  on,  as 
far  as  1  know,  for  no  good  reason  at 
all.  It  would  be  great,  for  instance,  if 
we  could  make  use  of  the  local  area 
nets  on  75  meters  during  the  evenings, 
as  a  source  of  available  operators  for 
phone  patches  in  our  home  port 
towns.  40  meters  in  the  evening  is  too 
crowded  with  broadcast  stations;  even 
if  the  skip  were  short  enough,  that 
only  leaves  the  20  meter  band,  which 
gets  expensive,  (Do  you  suppose  that 
could  be  the  reason  we  can't  use  75 
meters?  Hummm!) 

In  addition  to  this,  it  would  be  nice 
to  be  able  to  use  all  modes  of  OSCAR; 
presently  we  are  restricted  to  inputs 
below  148  MHz. 

Then  there  is  that  1600  meter  band 
the  FCC  has  proposed.  Experimenta- 
tion from  international  waters  on 
1600m  would  be  severely  limited  by 
the  /mm  limitation,  The  Navy  has 
been  using  th*s  band  for  a  long  time 
now  for  maritime  (submarine  mostly) 
workings,  and  f  believe  it  would  be  a 
very  dependable  maritime  amateur 
band. 

Yes,  there  is  a  problem  with 
LOR  AN  on  160  meters,  but  with 
today's  receiving  gear,  and  a  reason 
able  power  limit  {say  50  or  100 
Watts),  there  is  no  reason  to  complete 
ly  forbid  working  on  that  band  either. 
Most  of  the  other  bands  we  are  talking 
about  are  exclusively  amateur,  and 
would  bother  no  one. 

Enough  criticism,  I  just  want  to  say 
thanks  for  publishing  the  best,  most 
open,  and  outright  honest  amateur 
magazine  going,  and  I  mean  that  from 
the  heart  Keep  up  the  good  work;  it 
is  appreciated, 

Mike  Warner  WA7LZG/4 
Portsmouth  VA 

ASCII 

Radio  hams  have  used  teletype 
machines  to  communicate  for  many 
years,  adapting  the  32  character,  5 
level  machines  that  became  readily 
available  after  World  War  II.  Teletype 
communication  was  formally  written 
into  the  FCC  amateur  regulations  in 
1953,  specifying  the  5  level  Baudot 
code  and  standard  speeds  of  60  words 
per  minute.  Hams  were  not  satisfied 
with  the  mechanical  contraptions  and 
paper  tape  storage,  and  with  the 
advent  of  ASCII  code,  CRT  terminals 
at  low  cost,  and  the  8-bit  micro- 
processor, we  look  to  modernize  these 


ancient  FCC  regulations  that  en- 
cumber our  development  of  the 
communications  arts  and  sciences  (if 
you  want  to  use  ASCII  legally  on  the 
air,  you  can  obtain  a  special  tempo- 
rary permit,  but  the  process  is  slow 
and  difficult}.  Hams  have  already 
established  data  transfer  links  between 
minicomputers  in  two  different 
countries  via  the  amateur  radio  satel- 
lite OSCAR  7,  under  special  FCC 
permit  using  ASCII.  Other  comput- 
erized hams  make  regular  schedules  of 
cross-country  data  links  by  the  kluge 
method  of  converting  their  ASCII 
computer  output  to  Morse  code, 
transmitting  at  more  than  100  wpm, 
and  converting  back  to  ASCI]  at  the 
other  end 

Changes  in  radio  regulations  to  re- 
flect the  current  technology  are  long 
overdue,  and  a  formal  petition  num- 
bered RM-2771  has  been  entered 
requesting  the  allowance  of  ASCII  8 
level  code  on  the  amateur  bands.  If 
the  FCC  hears  support  on  this  from 
the  public,  there  will  be  a  set  of 
proposed  rules  made  up  and  published 
for  public  comment.  If  comment  is 
favorable,  the  rules  coutd  be  changed 
in  a  year.  Or  the  feds  could  just  sit  on 
ASCII  forever  if  they  don't  hear  from 
anybody.  You  can  help  by  sending  a 
simple  comment  {6  copies  required  by 
law)  encouraging  the  FCC  to  act  on 
RM  2771 .  Just  take  a  note  pad  and  a 
pencil  and  write  six  times:  "I  support 
RM-2771  allowing  the  use  of  ASCII 
code  on  the  amateur  radio  frequen- 
cies." Add  your  name  and  address, 
and  mail  them  to  the  Federal 
Communications  Commission, 
Washington  DC  20554,  If  you  have 
access  to  a  cheap  copier,  you  may 
wish  to  elaborate  on  why  ASCII  radio 
transmission  is  desirable  in  your 
opinion,  but  a  simple  statement  will 
do,  as  numbers  seems  to  count  more 
than  eloquence  at  federal  agencies.  Be 
sure  to  mention  RM-2771  by  number, 

J.  R.  Johnson  WASRQN 
Austin  TX 

SMOKEY 

I  read  with  interest  your  letter 
dated  January  1,  1977.  This  letter, 
you  may  recall,  was  in  response  to  a 
letter  I  wrote  regarding  the  article  "A 
Mobile  Smokey  Detector"  in  the  Hol- 
iday issue. 

As  you  pointed  out,  the  United 
States  of  America  celebrated  a  very 
glorious  achievement  last  year.  We 
celebrated  the  anniversary  of  a  break 


19 


with  a  government  that  had,  as 
Thomas  Jefferson  put  It  in  the  Declar- 
ation of  Independence,  "a  long  train 
of  abuses  and  usurpations/'  one  of 
these  usurpations  being  "the  abol- 
ishing of  the  free  system  of  English 
laws/' 

Americans  in  1 776  were  justified  in 
doing  what  they  did  because,  as  noted 
earlier,  the  rule  of  taw  had  broken 
down  in  the  then  American  colonies. 
Today  a  free  system  of  American  laws 
is  alive  and  well  despite  the  best 
efforts  of  some.  In  fad,  the  rule  of 
law  is  very  strong,  as  recent  political 
events  have  demonstrated.  This  is  also 
something  we  celebrated  the  200th 
birthday  of  last  year. 

This  last  achievement  is  perhaps  the 
greatest  of  all  For  in  this  system 
Americans  can  and  do  daily  change 
the  laws  by  both  judicial  and  legisla- 
tive action.  But  until  a  law  is  changed, 
Americans  are  duty  bound  to  abide  by 
it.  For  no  man  is  above  the  (aw  and  no 
man  is  below  it,  nor  do  we  ask  any 
man's  permission  when  we  require 
him  to  obey  iL 

To  the  heart  of  the  matter:  I  agree 
with  you  in  that  a  discussion  of  the 
pros  and  cons  of  the  5&  mph  speed 
limit  is  beyond  a  letter  such  as  this.  In 
fact,  such  a  discussion  is  not  needed. 
What  is  needed  is  a  recognition  of  the 
fact  that  murder,  bribery,  not  using  a 
valid  cahstgn  on  the  ham  bands,  and 
yes#  speeding,  to  name  a  few,  are 
against  the  law,  Not  as  some  people 
feel,  just  a  good  Idea  you  can  take  or 
leave, 

I,  tike  you,  am  very  proud  of 
people  who  have  the  guts  to  stand  up 
against  what  is  wrong  In  our  society ■ 
That  is  the  only  way  change  is  ac- 
complished and  wrongs  righted.  This 
has  held  true  from  the  patriots  at 
Valley  Forge  to  those  who  attack 
social  injustice  today. 

But  unlike  those  at  Valley  Forge, 
we  do  not  have  to  resort  to  arms  and 
violating  the  law.  Instead,  Americans 
seek  to  change  the  law  through  estab- 
lished legislative  and  judicial  channels. 
This  can  range  from  an  individual  peti- 
tion to  the  FCC,  or  a  judicial  chal 
lenge  to  the  state  Blue  Laws,  to  a 
legislator  down  here  in  Texas  trying  to 
legally  change  the  speed  limit. 

I  have,  however,  absolutely  no 
pride  in  an  individual  who  attempts  to 
either  change  or  enforce  the  law  by 
breaking  it.  In  fact,  I  have  only  pity, 
for  these  people  are  the  ones  who 
have  missed  completely  the  spirit  of 
the  revolution  and  indeed  the  nation. 

Good  examples  of  these  folks  who,  as 
you  say,  did  their  own  thing,  are  the 
HF  bootleggers  who  have  recently 
been  apprehended  by  the  FCC.  I  am 
quite  sure  those  arrested  think  those 
laws  are  bum  and  will  do  what  they 
can  to  break  them  down  and  get  rid  of 
them.  But,  may  I  ask,  what  will 
happen  to  radio  should  they  and 
others  continue  operating  as  they 
were? 

It  is  easy  to  see  the  chaos  and 
disorder  that  would  erupt  if  people 
only  obeyed  laws  they  personally 
liked,  It  would  not  only  be  the  demise 
of  ham  radio,  order,  and  justice  —  it 
would  be  the  demise  of  the  country. 

I  am  aware,  in  regards  to  the 
WARC.  of  the  one  country,  one  vote 


rule.  I  have  thought  what  we  as  a 
hobby  have  needed  is  a  representative 
to  spread  the  amateur  radio  cause 
officially.  I  also  believe,  however,  thai 
anti-ham  feelings  could  hardly  get 
better  by  selling  one  amateur  frequen- 
cy for  the  purpose  of  breaking  the 
law.  It  only  adds  10  the  list  of  excuses 
available  to  cast  a  negative  vote  re- 
garding amateur  appropriations. 

For  were  I  a  delegate  who  had  read 
"The  Mobile  Smokey  Detector."  I 
wonder  how  law-abiding  hams  were. 
The  case  of  WR6ABE  is  a  timely,  sad* 
and  scary  example.  Again,  those  in- 
volved with  causing  the  shutdown  of 
that  repeater  probably  were  disregard- 
ing taws  they  felt  were  unnecessary 
and  felt  no  duty  to  obey. 

In  closing,  I  believe  73  Magazine 
has  and  wifl  always  be  a  leader  in  the 
field  of  ham  radio.  I  am  hoping  that 
your  code  tapes  will  help  me  hang  a 
2nd  Telegraph  next  to  my  First  Tele- 
phone (with  Radar  Endorsement)  and 
replace  my  Advanced  with  an  Extra.  I 
just  hope  that  in  the  attempt  to  lure 
CBers  to  a  very  exciting  hobby,  we 
stress  good  and  legal  operating  pro- 
cedure, and  not  another  way  to  beat 
Smokey,  If  not,  we  need  not  worry 
about  WARC  in  1979,  for  ham  radio 
is  finished. 

Robert  Oler  WB5MZO 
College  Station  TX 

/  disagree  with  your  comments  con- 
cerning 'The  Mobile  Smokey  Detec- 
tor/' Bob.  Based  on  the  amount  of 
maii  we  have  received,  there  are  a 
great  number  of  peopfe  using  the 
Smoke  Detector  for  what  it  is,  a 
microwave  recetver.  Have  you  seen 
any  easier  method  of  getting  started  in 
a  ma  ts  ur  micro  wa  ve  commun  ica  tion 
lately?  I  doubt  it.  —  Ed. 


I 


MUFON 


The  January  issue  of  73  with  the 
article  titled  'The  UFO  Connection" 
by  David  L  Dobbs  K8NGN  indicates 
that  you  still  maintain  an  interest  in 
the  UFO  phenomenon,  even  though  St 
may  be  secondary  to  your  current 
hobby.  Everyone  enjoyed  the  humor 
of  the  article,  but  some  thought  it  was 
perhaps  a  fictitious  case  due  to  the 
"spoof"  address  used  in  the  "open 
letter"  concept.  As  you  probably 
noted,  David  simply  made  minor 
changes  for  literary  purposes.  Ama- 
teur radio  friends  quickly  recognized 
the  addressee,  especial  J y  since  Texas 
and  the  zip  code  were  correct.  Weed- 
less  to  say,  it  did  confuse  the  post 
office  department  in  some  cities. 
However,  David's  address  was  correct 
and  correspondence  will  be  forwarded 
to  MUFON  (Mutual  UFO  Network. 
IncX 

MUFON  presently  has  two  active 
UFO  nets  operating  weekly.  The  75 
meter  net  on  3975  kHz  meets  each 
Saturday  morning  at  0800  CST  with 
Marshall  Go  ins  WA9ARG  in  Ouincy 
l  L  as  net  control.  A  40  meter  phone 
net  also  meets  on  Saturday  mornings 
on  7231  kHz  with  Joe  Sentangelo 
W1NXY,  in  Waltham  MA  as  net  con- 
trol.  We  invite  ham  operators  inter- 
ested   in   the    UFO   phenomenon   to 


check  into  these  nets  not  only  to 
share  their  own  WO  sighting  exper- 
iences, but  also  to  obtain  the  latest 
newsworthy  UFO  events  occurring  a- 
round  the  United  States.  Many  o1  the 
ham  operators  participating  in  these 
nets  are  also  state  directors,  state 
section  directors,  and  field  investiga- 
tors for  the  MUFON. 

We  publish  a  20  page  monthly 
magazine  tilled  The  MUFON  UFO 
Journal,  which  covers  UFO  sighting 
cases  from  all  over  the  world.  MUFON 
has  members  in  all  fifty  states  and  in 
thirty-five  foreign  countries. 

We  have  received,  through  David 
Dobbs,  several  personal  UFO  sighting 
reports  made  by  your  readers  in 
response  to  this  fine  article.  I  am 
confident  that  many  of  the  sub- 
scribers to  73  would  like  to  have  our 
correct  address;  therefore,  we  would 
appreciate  having  this  letter  published 
in  a  subsequent  issi 

Walter  H,  Andrui.  Jr.  W5VRN 

International  Director 

MUFON 

103Oldtowne  Rd. 

SeguinTX  78155 


HILLBILLY  NOVICE 

I  just  received  my  first  copy  of 
your  fine  magazine  and,  wonder  of 
wonders,  it  took  me  over  an  hour  to 
just  thumb  through  it.  What  a  delight 
it  was  for  me,  a  hillbilly  Novice,  to 
find  all  the  variety  of  information  and 
subjects,  I  even  found  some  I  could 
understand!  Hi!  It  seems  that  some- 
one must  remember  what  it  was  like 
to  be  a  unlearned,  untrained,  but 
willing  Novtce  when  they  wrote  some 
of  your  articles.  Please  include  as 
many  illustrations  and  pictures  on 
your  construction  projects  as  possible 
as  many  of  us  (notice  my  pride)  hams 
have  no  experience  but  want  to  start 
someplace. 

I  certainly  got  fired  up  when  I  read 
about  "A  Vest  Pocket  QRP  Rig"  by 
K5JRN  in  the  January  issue,  When  I 
read  that  he  had  just  worked  Tennes- 
see, BOO  miles  with  a  559  signal 
report,  you  know  what  I  did?  Yes,  I 
checked  my  log,  but  it  wasn't  me  he 
worked. 


As  a  Novice  on  40  meters,  one  of 
my  best  remembered  QSO&  was  with 
Milt  W8T7  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  70 
years  young,  QRP  3  Watts  on  a  home 
brew  rig  he  made  30  years  ago,  QSL 
said  it  was  in  a  3  x  5  card  file  box  and 
consisted  of  1 1  7L7  tube  and  crystal. 
For  me,  that  was  some  fun  talking  to 
a  ham  with  56  years  experience  and 
wisdom.  What  progress  those  ' 'ex- 
spa  rkers"  must  have  seen! 

So,  Wayne,  hook  up  the  old  key 
and  drift  down  on  the  Novice  bands 
sometime  and  encourage  others  to  do 
the  same.  We  sure  do  have  a  big  time 
there, 

Mike  Wechsler  WA4SPX 
KrngsportTN 


Vli  look  for  you,  -  Ed. 


MIAMI 


] 


We  did  it  one  more  time:  The  17th 
Annual  Miami  Hamfooree  had  an  at- 
tendance  of  more  than  five  thousand 
with  64  display  booths.  The  chair 
person  of  the  Hamboree  was  Evelyn 
Gauzens  W4WY  R  and  the  sponsor  was 
the  Dade  County  Radio  Club 

Guest  speaker  was  Armin  H  Meyer 
W3ACE,  Ambassador  to  Iran  and 
Japan. 

Bill  Halligan  W4AK/W9AC,  former 
owner  of  Haiti crafters,  was  on  hand  to 
greet  some  friends  from  up  north. 

Of  course  73  Magazine  had  an 
excellent  display  and  was  one  of  the 
most  busy  booths  in  the  Hamboree. 

Larry  Price  W4RA  delivered  a 
couple  of  speeches  representing  his 
position  as  Southeast  Director  for  the 
ARRL  The  ARRL  booth  was  manned 
by  Terry  Williams  W1UED  and  Ellen 
White  W1YL. 

The  computers  booth  monopolized 
a  great  part  of  the  attention,  having 
unusual  coverage  by  the  local  TV 
stations,  I  am  afraid  I'm  hooked  for 
good  and  my  personal  budget  is  going 
to  suffer  great  loss  this  year. 

One  of  the  parking  lots  was  open  to 
enlarge  the  swap  meet  and  fortunately 
we  had  some  of  the  best  weather  of 
the  season 

Albert  H.  Coya  WB4SNC 
Miami  FL 


77ie  Miami  Bay  front  Park  Auditorium  had  wall  to  waif  hams. 


20 


THE  10M  SOLUTION 


Over  the  past  few  months,  prices  of 
CB  radios  have  been  falling  like  a 
rock.  It  seemed  like  now  was  as  good 
a  time  as  any  to  take  advantage  of 
some  good  cheap  radios  and  put  them 
to  some  practical  ham  use.  WB0MZD 
and  myself  looked  over  several  units 
and  decided  on  one  type  for  conver- 
sion. It  is  here  where  we  would  like  to 
pass  on  a  few  suggestions.  First,  a 
frequency  scheme. 

We  decided  on  a  scheme  which 
would  allow  use  of  as  much  coverage 
around  the  frequencies  of  28.6,  28.65, 
and  28.8  MHz  as  possible.  These  areas 
appear  to  be  the  most  popular  on  10 
meters  at  the  present.  Our  channel 
versus  frequency  selection  is  as  fol- 
lows: 

Channel  #1  28,550 
Channel  #2  28,560 
Channel  #3  28,570 
Channel  *4  28.590 
Channel  #5  28,600 
Channel  #6  28.610 
Channel  #7  28.620 
Channel  #8  28.640 
Channel  #9  28,650 
Channel  #10  28.660 
Channel  #11  28.670 
Channel  #12  28,690 
Channel  #13  28.700 
Channel  #14  28.710 
Channel  #15  28.720 
Channel  #16  28.740 
Channel  #17  28.750 
Channel  ^18  28.760 
Channel  #19  28.770 
Channel  #20  28790 
Channel  #21  28.800 
Channel  #22  28.810 
Channel  #228  28.820 
Channel  #23  28.840 

Those  who  research  this  scheme 
will  note  that  the  original  CB  channel 
spacings  have  not  been  tampered  with, 
which  leads  us  to  our  second  sugges- 
tion. We  modified  only  the  injection 
or  offset  oscillators  and  not  the 
synthesizer.  First  of  all,  it  is  the 
easiest,  cheapest,  and  most  electrically 
sound  way.  Secondly,  if  modification 
of  the  synthesizer  is  done,  several 
problems  might  occur  (depending  on 
type  of  unit  and  synthesizer  scheme) 
with  the  offset  oscillators  or  traps 
used  for  filtering  of  synthesizer  prod- 
ucts. By  converting  the  offset  oscil- 
lators only,  you  have  several  other 
important  things  to  gain.  You  might 
incorporate  diode  switching  of  these 
crystals  with  two  other  crystals  to 
extend  coverage  in  other  areas,  or, 
how  about  modifying  these  with  a 
varicap  to  slide  in  between  channels? 
Note:  Not  to  be  confused  with  sliders, 
delta  tuners,  or  clarif  ters. 

We  are  submitting  this  frequency 
scheme  to  as  many  of  our  local  clubs 
as  possible.  It  would  appear  this  is  the 
beginning  of  something  big  for  10 
meters;  local  interest  Is  very  high. 
Now  would  be  the  time  for  frequency 
coordination  so  we  do  not  have 
gangland  wars  similar  to  some  in  the 
beginning  of  2  meter  repeater  days. 

Present  plans  are  for  bread  boarding 
a  scanner  similar  to  the  types  used  on 
public  service  monitors  and  a  solid 
state    amplifier    for    mobile    use,    al- 


though most  hams  would  be  surprised 
to  find  out  just  what  5  Watts  can 
really  do  on  a  clean  frequency. 

WB0MZD  and  myself  would  like  to 
receive  any  other  plans  by  individuals 
or  clubs.  All  letters  will  be  answered. 
Get  on  ten  cheap  and  have  some  fun! 
Remember:  use  it  or  lose  It! 

Tim  Haake  WA0TSY 

128  Lake  Point  Drive 

St.  Peters  IVtO  63376 

Ken  Low  ranee  WB0MZD 

11569  Ti vol i  Lane 

CreveCoeur  MO  63141 

Weil?  -  Ed. 


10-4? 

I've  been  reading  your  articles  since 
the  days  of  CQ.  I  probably  wouldn't 
like  you  if  t  met  you  since  anyone 
that  drives  sports  cars  and  endorses  no 
code  licensing  has  got  to  have  long 
hair  too!  But  you  do  have  a  CB,  so 
you're  probably  just  a  native  Texan 
who  went  "astray." 

Most  Important,  however,  Is  your 
ability  to  create  the  best  ham  rag 
around.  Congratulations  to  you  and 
the  staff  of  73  for  selecting  useful 
construction  articles  and  opening  a 
forum  for  any  idea  or  opinion  — 
independent  of  advertiser  pressure. 
Those  companies  who  boycott  73 
should  also  be  boycotted.  May  we  see 
the  complete  list?  Moreover,  any 
decent  ad  man  employed  by  these 
firms  should  quit  in  protest.  After  all, 
since  when  did  advertising  policy  win 
out  over  editorial  policy?  Other  maga- 
zines in  various  fields  which  allowed 
their  advertisers  to  dictate  their 
editorial  policy  soon  were  out  of  busi- 
ness! 

I  buy  all  the  ham  mags  and  hope  oT 
CQ  does  stay  In  the  game,  I  don't 
agree  with  everything  the  ARRL 
promotes  and  —  gosh  —  I  wish  they'd 
change  some  of  the  construction  arti- 
cles that  refer  to  parts  that  are  no 
longer  available.  Also,  I  wish  Ham 
Radio  would  hire  a  rewrite  man  to 
modify  the  construction  articles  to 
make  them  more  readily  understand- 
able. 

Lately,  73  has  had  the  best  range  of 
construction  articles.  The  Ham-M 
modification  article  was  super  simple 
and  accomplishes  the  same  thing  that 
other  published  modifications  set  out 
to  do,  only  at  half  the  time  and  25% 
of  the  cost!  The  TR22/15  amplifier 
article  was  great  and  even  mine  works. 
And  believe  me,  if  I  can  build  It, 
anyone  can!  And  I  mean  anyone! 

Keep  up  the  good  work.  And 
remember,  Wayne,  I  probably 
wouldn't  like  you  at  all,  but  tell  your 
advertisers  Vm  reading  every  single 
page  —  ads  included.  10-4? 

Don  Peak  WB50ZZ 
Spring  TX 


THE  SHEMYA  BLUES 

I'm  writing  73  because  I'll  never  get 
an  answer  from  the  ARRL.  I'm  cur- 
rently on  a  2  mile  by  4  mile  rock 
1400  miles  west  of  Alaska  and 
country  status  is  not  offered  to  the 


XV 


JAMES  BRODSKY 

633  POR  LA  MAR  CIRCLE,  ltl-0 

SANTA  BARBARA.  CALIF.  93103 


hams  on  this  Island,  How  can  they 
give  country  status  to  a  stilt  shack  on 
a  reef  where  the  operators  have  to 
man  boats  upon  leaving  the  ham 
shack?  I'd  like  to  see  some  readers  ask 
the  ARRL  why  one  group  can  get 
country  status  and  not  another*  By 
the  way,  the  QTH  is  Shemya  Island, 
176*  101  E.  52c  N  on  the  other  side  of 

the  180th  meridian. 

There  are  many  future  hams  on  the 
island,  but  because  of  recent  FCC 
ruling,  the  only  test  I  can  administer  is 
the  Novice,  Unless  someone  wants  to 
spend  $600  for  plane  fare  to  go  to 
Anchorage,  it's  Impossible  to  upgrade. 
Quite  a  price  for  anyone  to  take  a  test 
to  enjoy  a  hobby,  This  means  that  at 
best  all  you  can  get  on  this  island  if 
you  want  to  be  a  ham  is  a  Novice, 
That  means  no  OSCAR,  no  20  meters, 
no  VHF,  no  personal  2m  FM  with 
hand-helds,  and  a  very  small  spectrum 
filled  with  foreign  broadcast  and 
jammers.  With  little  else  to  do  at  this 
satellite  tracking  station,  you  would 
think  many  people  would  like  to 
advance  into  amateur  radio  as  the 
only  outlet  off  the  Black  Pearl  of  the 
Aleutian.  Alas,  alas.  There  isr  however, 
a  Novice  course  —  only  a  Novice 
course,  though. 

Larry  Macionski  WA2AJQ/KL7 

Elsworth  Warmouth  WB9LGG 

Frank  Yatko  KL7HAM 

Shemya  ARC  KL7FBI 

Shemya  Island 


[ 


80  CHARACTERS 


In  your  Holiday,  1976,  I/O  Editori- 
al, page  74,  you  mentioned  visiting 
Southwest  Technical  Products  in  San 
Antonio  where  you  had  heard  about  a 
couple  of  fellows  who  have  worked  up 
an  80  character  modification  of  the 
SWTPC  PR  40  Alphanumeric  Printer. 
I've  just  purchased  the  whole  SWTPC 
system,  less  the  GT-61  Graphics 
Terminal  and  the  Printer,  and  am  now 
looking  for  an  80  character  printer. 

Are  you  planning  to  publish  their 
modification  and  if  so,  when?  If  not, 
do  you  have  the  names  and  addresses 
of  these  people?  Or  should  I  write  to 
Mr.  Dan  Meyer  at  SWTPC  for  more 
information? 

Richard  Gay 
South  Harpswell  ME 

I'd  love  to  publish  an  article  op  such  a 
modification,  —  John  Craig. 


OUCH! 


I  thought  73  readers  would  like  to 
see  the  latest  advance  In  space  conser- 
vation, This  shack  requires  no  shelf 
space,  no  table,  and  causes  no  prob- 
lems with  the  YL,  All  you  need  is  a 
power  plug.  Try  It! 

James  Rrodsky  WB6JXB 
Santa  Barbara  C  A 


MORE  WABC 


VE3CYC's  personal  observations  on 
the  future  of  the  420-450  MHz  band 
("More  WARC,"  page  9,  January  73) 
are  useful  if  they  cause  more  hams  to 
think  seriously  about  the  preparations 
for  the  1979  W ARC, 

However,  I  would  like  to  remove 
any  impression  readers  may  have 
gained  from  that  letter  that  the 
Canadian  Radio  Technical  Planning 
Board  has  recommended  the  420  450 
band  be  radically  changed  from  its 
present  pattern  of  use  in  North  Amer- 
ica. As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  com- 
mittee (which  was  referred  to  in  the 
letter)  did  not  recommend  any 
changes  whatsoever  In  allocation 
status  between  420  and  450  MHz, 
despite  the  near-crisis  situation  in 
UHF  frequency  requirements  in  other 
services. 

It  is  worthwhile  considering  how 
much  of  the  band  in  question  can  at 
present  be  "called  our  own/' 

fn  Region  2  of  ITU,  which  includes 
the  US  and  Canada,  the  primary  al- 
location is  to  radiolocation,  with 
secondary  allocation  to  amateur.  In 
the  US,  the  domestic  allocation  is  to 
government  and  no  n  -government, 
with  secondary  allocation  to  amateur 
and  amateur-satellite.  There  are  US 
footnotes  which  impose  a  power 
limitation  on  amateur  use  in  certain 
areas,  and  reinforce  protection  for 
radiolocation  against  interference 
from  hams.  In  the  small  segment 
authorized  for  amateur-satellite,  there 
is  a  provision  that  any  harmful  inter- 
ference from  hams  to  other  services 
"must  be  immediately  eliminated." 

Where  is  the  part  we  can  call  our 
own? 

The  Canadian  Amateur  Radio  Fed- 
eration, in  its  proposals  for  WARC  79 
preparation,  has  recommended  that 
420-430  remain  as  it  is,  430-440  be 


21 


■_■ 


signed  worldwide  exclusively  to  am- 
ateur, and  440-450  stay  shared.  This 
would  be  an  improvement  over  the 
present  situation,  and  it  would  be 
unrealistic  to  press  for  more. 

I  think  it  is  dangerous  to  use  as 
proof  of  need  the  fact  that  *'an 
amateur  TV  repeater  takes  up  more 
than  12  MHz/4  especially  at  a  time 
when  a  commercial  lab  has  released 
information  about  a  system  for  trans- 
mitting moving  TV  images  using  a 
fraction  of  the  usual  6  MHe.  Haven't 
we  always  argued  that  hams  are  in  the 
forefront  of  technical  advance? 

Bob  Eldridge  VE7BS 
Bumaby  BC 

Yes.  -  £i* 


THE  I/O  DEBATE 


I  wish  to  add  my  tuppence  worth 
along  with  WN2DYU  and  W5G0S,  I 
feel  chat  there  has  been  too  much 
emphasis  on  computer  articles  and 
also  articles  which  assume  the  wealth 
of  the  amateur  reading  the  article.  Yes 
—  yes,  t  know,  not  all  the  articles  are 
like  this,  but  it  is  still  pretty  bad. 

Computers  are  fine,  and  f  hope  to 
get  into  them  someday,  when  I  can 
understand  them.  But  with  all  the 
jargon  printed  in  73,  Byte,  and  in 
Kilobaud,  how  can  a  newcomer  I  earn 
anything? 

You  say  computers  are  closely  re- 
lated to  hamming.  Well,  so  is  the 
automobile,  especially  for  two  meters. 
However,  I  have  yet  to  see  an  article 
on  how  to  tune  up  a  car.  After  all, 
cars  and  mobile  work  am  related  How 
about  some  wood-working  art  teles  for 
those  of  us  who  build  antennas  and 
radio  benches?  And  how  many  hams 
drink  tea  or  coffee  when  on  the  air 
during  contests?  Where's  the  article  on 
brewing  that  ultimate  cup  of  coffee? 
They  ARE  related  .  .  .  (Sorry,  I  seem 
to  be  stretching  a  point .  .  .) 

And  finally,  what  is  the  constant 
knocking  of  CQ  Magazine?  I  will  grant 
that  in  the  past  it  was  not  very  good, 
but  in  recent  months  they  have  been 
making  what  looks  to  me  like  a 
considerable  effort  lo  print  a  good 
magazine-  t  have  subscribed,  and  l 
find  the  articles  both  interesting  and 
informative.  I  am  not  a  contest  buff 
nor  do  I  much  car^  about  DX 
ped  it  ions.  However,  their  articles 
about  such  things  are  well- presented 
and  interesting.  Finally,  they  seem  to 
devote  a  good  deal  of  space  to 
amateur  radio  in  general.  So,  before 
casting  stones  at  CQ,  Wayne,  why  not 
read  one  of  their  latest  issues.  No 
computers,  but  you  still  might  get 
something  from  it, 

If  it  will  serve  to  identify  my 
position  a  bit  further,  I  no  longer 
subscribe  to  QST,  because  it  is  so 
rankly  dull.  I  am  also  too  young  for 
the  ARRL,  being  that  I  am  underage 
87,  So,  you  can  see  that  I  have  at  least 
some  agreement  with  my  Uncle 
Wayne,  But,  if  73  keeps  being  a  rich 
man's  ham  mag /computer  mag,  I  will 
drop  my  subscript  Ion  to  73  as  well.  I 
know  nothing  about  computers,  but 
would  tike  to  know.  However,  NOT 
ONE  publication  explains  computers 


without  using  jargon  and  buzzwords. 
David  J.  ("Walrus")  Mann  WA6MHD 

Redwood  City  C A 


AFD77 

The  members  of  the  143  Communi- 
cations Flight  {SptL  Rhode  Island  Air 
National  Guard,  plan  to  be  operating 
on  Armed  Forces  Day,  May  21.  1977. 

Anyone  working  our  club  station, 
K1 FCO,  wit  I  receive  a  commemorative 
certificate  from  our  unit  provided  an 
SASE  and  QSL  card  are  sent  to  us, 
Our  mailing  address  is:  K1FC0,  143 
Communications  Flight,  Rhode  Island 
Air  National  Guard,  T,  F.  Green  Air- 
port, Warwick  Rl  02886. 

We  will  be  operating  on  the  folio w- 
ing  frequencies:  21.385  MHz  —  1400Z 
to  1S00Z;  14.330  MHz  -  14002  to 
1B00Z;  7,280  MHz  -  14002  to 
18002;  50.700  MHz  -  140OZ  to 
1800Z. 

TSgt  Raymond  A.  Allard  K1MFZ 

Warwick  R 

N0PPI 

In  October  I  organized  a  special 
events  station,  N0PPI,  for  the  2nd 
annual  worldwide  conference  of 
Peop I e-to= People  International.  With 
fantastic  amounts  of  help  from  several 
hams  and  lots  of  loaned  equipment, 
we  had  a  very  successful  demon- 
stration and  operation.  We  made 
several  hundred  contacts  and  re- 
quested SASEs  for  QSLs.  As  yet,  I 
haven't  sent  out  the  QSLs  because  I'm 
trying  to  get  them  printed  for  little  or 
nothing  —  I'm  the  original  cheapskate 
ham  and  I  hate  to  ask  P  PI  or  the  local 
ham  clubs  to  foot  the  bill. 

So.  if  you  would  please  tell  your 
readers  who  worked  NI0PPI  and  sent 
SASEs  to  please  be  patient  a  little 
white  longer,  I  will  soon  have  a  source 
(hopefully)  and  will  get  that  special 
prefix  off  to  them  as  soon  as  possible. 

Oh  —  also  enclosed  is  a  3  yr  sub 
(renewal)  to  your  fine  mag.  Keep  up 
the  good  work.  Thanks  much. 

ffeil  Preston  WB0OOW 
Kansas  City  MO 


[ 


YASME 


] 


This  is  a  report  on  our  successful 
YASME  expedition  operation  as 
PJ8KG.  Philipsburg,  Dutch  Stnt 
Maarten,  Netherlands  Antilles. 

Some  7,500  QSOs  were  made  with 
amateurs  in  121  countries.  There  is  a 
system  to  the  way  calls  are  issued  here 
that  is  not  well  known  outside  the 
immediate  area.  There  are  two  DXGC 
countries  in  the  you  p.  One  consists  of 
Sint  Maarten  (PJ7)r  Saba  IPJ6I.  and 
St,  Eustatius  {PJ5).  For  these  coun- 
tries, all  visiting  foreign  hams  are 
assigned  PJ8  calls  (usually  of  their 
choice).  The  other  DXCC  country 
consists  of  all  the  remaining  islands; 
Curacao  (PJ2),  Aruba  (PJ3),  and 
Bonaire  IPJ4).  For  these  countries,  all 
visiting  foreign  hams  are  usually 
assigned  PJ9  calls  of  their  choice.  It 
normally  takes  two  months  for  the 
processing  of  an  application   for  an 


amateur  license,  which  must  be  made 
on  their  official  form. 

People  sometimes  ask,  "What  does 
the  YASME  Foundation  do?"  We  had 
a  good  example  at  PJSKG  of  how  the 
YASME  organization  (all  officers  and 
directors  are  avid  DXers)  can  help  a 
YASME  expedition  in  the  field. 
Three  condensers  in  our  transmitter 
burned  out  We  managed  to  get  word 
of  our  plight  to  Frank  Campbell 
W5IGJ,  an  ex-publicity  o5  rector  for 
YASME.  He  got  replacement  con- 
densers off  to  us  by  air  mail  imme- 
diately. Within  a  few  days,  the  de- 
fective condensers  were  replaced  and 
we  were  back  in  operation.  There  have 
been  a  number  of  similar  incidents 
where  YASME  officers  have  helped  in 
the  licensing  and  operation  of  YASME 
DXpeditions  in  the  field. 

Lloyd  Colvin  WBKG 

IrisColvin  W6QL 

Ne  the  r  I  a  nds  An  t  i  I  las 


BAUDOT  TO  ASCII 

I  am  sure  that  you  receive  hundreds 
of  letters  telling  you  how  good  your 
magazine  is.  And,  It  really  is  spectac- 
ular. Let  the  other  magazines  try  to 
work  their  way  up  to  the  top,  if  they 
can.  If  73  is  an  inspiration,  the  ham 
fraternity  will  gain  a  lot.  Amongst 
several  projects  I  built  from  73  arti- 
cles. I  picked  my  last  one,  the  key- 
board project  by  K7YZZ,  for  sending 
you  some  photos, 

Despite  the  warning  from  Mr.  Hut- 
ton  on  availability  of  the  5220  BL7N 
chip,  I  chose  to  build  the  Baudot  to 
ASCII  converter  using  that  ROM,  as  I 
saw   it   advertised   by   some    of  the 


companies  in  the  USA,  At  this 
writing,  I  had  not  yet  received  the 
ROM  ordered  from  Tn  Tek  more  than 
a  month  ago.  So  the  ASCI  I  part  of  the 
keyboard  is  not  yet  working. 

To  build  an  electronic  project  in 
Brazil  can  be  very  frustrating  as  you 
don't  easily  find  Of  you  can  find  at 
all)  many  of  the  necessary  compo- 
nents. So,  some  imagination  and 
adaptation  is  usually  necessary.  As  I 
had  only  a  small  piece  of  double-sided 
PC  board  for  the  encoder  matrix,  I 
chose  to  locate  rt  on  the  top  of  the 
main  board.  Under  it  you  can  see  the 
UART  and  the  Molex  pins  that  will 
receive  the  5220  BL/N.  Since  I  am  a 
"beginner"  in  putting  projects  togeth- 
er, you  can  see  that  I  had  to  use  some 
jump  wires. 

Underneath  the  main  board  you 
can  see  another  small  board.  That  is 
the  parallel  ASCII  to  serial  ASCII 
project  from  another  73  article: 
WSLNY's,  Some  small  modifications 
had  to  be  made  on  both  boards  to  suit 
my  own  needs* 

Thank  you  very  much  for  such  an 
excellent  magazine, 

Roberio  DiasPYZBLA 
Sao  Paulo,  Brazil 


[ 


HB  1089 


We  enjoy  your  magazine  and  the 
point  you  make  of  speaking  out  on 
the  issues,  I  think  that  if  more  ama- 
teurs would  do  the  same,  amateur 
radio  would  be  {and  continue  to  be) 
in  good  shape.  Keep  up  the  good 
work. 

In  our  Oklahoma  state  legislature  at 
present  is  HB  1089,  "prohibiting  the 


^B 

■□■                                   sot 
vV                  ,  M  EpPI 

H>       j^H                                  4  ■ 

I 

*       -  ,u,,,jLt_  'il 

3fe  I 

22 


use  of  devices  to  detect  radar/'  I 
haven't  seen  a  copy  of  the  bill  yet,  so 
I  don't  know  what  type  of  micro- 
waves they  are  talking  about,  but  I 
assume  it's  traffic  radar 

Some  of  the  amateurs  in  the  area 
have  expressed  concern  over  the  prin- 
ciple of  state  government  trying  to 
regulate  reception  of  radio  waves,  as 
well  as  other  possible  side  effects  of  a 
hill  like  this.  Here  in  Tulsa,  the  ama- 
teur and  CB  community  has  just  had  a 
taste  of  cfty  government  regulations  in 
towers  and  antennas  and  is  sensitive 
about  the  issue. 

We  would  welcome  your  opinion 
on  the  issue.  The  bill  is  still  in  house 
committee,  so  there  is  still  time  for 
action. 

Charles  Frentzel  WB5EUK 

2704  J\!.  Norwood 

Tulsa  OK  74115 


MA  BELL -AGAIN! 

The  new  "BeH  bill"  in  Congress  is  a 
threat  to  phone  patches.  Each  ham 
should  realize  the  many  undesirable 
consequences  inctuding  the  threat  to 
phone  patches  in  this  bill  that  is  now 
being  considered  by  Congress. 

After  many  years  of  illegal  phone 
patches,  hams  can  now  in  various 
ways  legally  attach  phone  patches, 
telephone  answering  equipment,  tape 
recorders,  computers,  and  other 
communication  devices  to  the  tele- 
phone lines,  This  may  be  a  short- lived 
benefit  if  this  new  bill  is  passed. 

A  very  good  description  of  the 
undesirable  effects  of  the  new  bill  is 
contained  in  the  January,  1977,  issue 
of  Consumer  Reports.  In  this  article  it 
mentions,  "Another  section  of  the 
Bell  bill,  as  already  noted,  would  strip 
the  FCC  of  power  to  regulate  terminal 
equipment;  regulation  would  be 
turned  over  to  the  states.  In  some 
states,  that  shift  would  wipe  away  any 
chance  for  consumers  and  businesses 
to  buy  and  attach  equipment  without 
need  for  the  unnecessary  and  expen- 
sive protective  module  previously 
required  by  state  regulators  at  the 
insistence  of  phone  companies." 

It  is  very  important  that  each  ham 
and  all  his  friends  and  acquaintances 
contact  their  congressman  and 
mobilize  influence  against  the  "Bell 
bill."  As  in  so  many  cases,  we  must 
light  for  our  rights  to  have  them. 

C.W.  Tazewell  W2GTV 
Syracuse  NY 


BATTING  ,400 


Bravo  to  Tom  Carney  WB9RXJ  for 
his  letter  in  Jan.,  '77,  73.  Nothing  is 
more  frustrating  for  someone  new  to 
CW  work  on  the  low  bands  than  to 
establish  a  QSO  and  have  someone  call 
CQ  on  top  of  it.  In  all  the  CQs  that  I 
have  heard,  only  about  1%even  think 
to  ask  if  the  frequency  is  in  use.  )t 
should  be  a  requirement  for  every 
amateur  to  memorize  chapter  24  of 
The  Radio  Amateur's  Handbook. 

As  long  as  I'm  on  my  soapbox:  Bull 
to  you  die-hards  who  insist  that  you 
aren't  a  true  ham  unless  you  can  tap 


out  umpty-ump  words  per  minute  CW 
In  order  to  upgrade.  When  a  baseball 
player  tries  out  for  a  team,  he  doesn't 
have  to  hit  x.  number  of  home  runs  or 
strike  out  x  number  of  batters  simply 
in  order  to  be  a  left  fielder, 

I  agree  with  the  Advanced  theory 
test  and  5  wpm  as  brought  up  by 
WB2BJH.  From  the  way  lJve  heard 
many  Generals  and  Advanced  hams 
talk  on  the  phone  bands,  it  seems  that 
they  spent  so  much  time  learning  how 
to  tap  out  the  alphabet  on  a  key  that 
they  forgot  how  to  speak, 

I've  heard  every  ham  I  know  say 
that  in  ham  radio  there's  something 
for  everybody.  Well,  you're  wrong, 
gentlemen.  How  about  certain  HF 
phone  privileges  for  those  of  us  who 
like  to  talk  rather  than  tap? 

Finally,  I  am  sick  and  tired  of 
hearing  those  who  knock  GST  and  the 
ARRL.  I  don't  tike  them  either. 
What's  the  solution?  Mine  is:  Wayne 
Green  for  president  in  1980H 

Mark  Camp  WB6QHZ 
Santa  Ana  CA 


THE  HUSTLER 


] 


OK,  Wayne.  You  sre  a  transparent 
but  crafty  hustler.  I  hereby  doff  my 
hat  to  you, 

Here  I  had  tried  and  failed  to  get 
the  code  mastered,  built  and  tested 
{and  then  sold  for  less  than  it  cost)  a 
complete  top -grade  station,  and  let 
my  73  subscription  expire*  So  just 
after  my  o  id  est  son  gets  assigned  to 
Germany  and  my  buddies  start  talking 
about  setting  up  a  sked  for  me  to  talk 
to  him,  you  decide  to  spend  a  few 
bucks  sending  the  current  tantalizing 
issue  of  73  to  selected  ex -subscribers. 
You  are  a  fiend,  and  I  know  I  am 
going  to  learn  some  new  reasons  to 
hate  you,  because  I  hereby  fall  for  the 
bait.  Enclosed  please  find  my  check 
for  a  bunch  of  code  tapes  and  study 
guides,  and  also  for  another  year  of 

73. 

When  I  start  finding  out  how  dang 
tough  it  is  to  learn  the  #$%&*  code, 
despite  your  overtures  to  the  contra- 
ry, and  start  spending  money  like  a 
drunken  sailor  to  get  the  ham  shack 
"properly"  fitted  with  gear  and  the 
necessary  outside  wires  and  sticks, 
you  can  expect  to  start  receiving  some 
more  hate  mail.  You  will  probably 
deserve  it. 

Bill  Sill 
Tunk bannock  PA 


THE  IVORY  TOWER 

Regarding  the  letter  by  Bob  Welsh 
(reprinted  from  LERC),  page  13  in 
the  January,  1977,  73 ,  paragraph 
three:  I  think  it  is  a  bit  unfair  to  say 
the  ARRL  has  been  duped  into  help- 
ing the  FCC  clean  up  the  CB  mess 
because  of  the  following  considera- 
tions. Firat,  the  CBers  who  are  poten- 
tial hams  are  generally  the  more  ser- 
ious practitioners  of  the  hobby  and 
also  the  least  likely  to  participate  in 
the  childishness  that  occurs  on  11 
meters  (especiaHy  channel  19).  Re- 
moving these  people  from  the  CB  fold 


is  not  likely  to  clean  up  the  mess. 
CBers  interested  in  amateur  radio  are 
usually  the  more  technically  minded 
members  of  the  group  and  in  that 
regard  would  be  an  asset  to  amateur 
radio.  Finally,  amateur  radio  is  also 
not  without  its  impolite,  even  childish 
members  —  for  instance,  see  the  note 
In  January,  1977,  73,  page  208*  en- 
titled "Tragedy  on  Mt  Wilson/' 

I  think  it  is  time  for  hams  to 
abandon  the  ivory  tower,  A  first  step 
might  be  to  acknowledge  that  every- 
one is  human  and  every  group,  soci- 
ety, whatever,  has  its  mavericks, 

Bruce  Ott  VE7BOT 
Port  Coquitlam  BC 


c 


ON  BEING  HUMAN 


It  is  great  to  know  there  is  still  at 
least  one  organization  that  has 
humans  in  it  J 

I  like  73  so  much  \  ordered  a 
subscription  for  my  son  WB0VEZ, 
with  instructions  that  the  bill  be  sent 
to  me.  Some  time  later,  I  got  a  second 
copy  of  the  Holiday  issue  with  a 
handwritten  mailing  label  on  it. 
Figuring  that  my  instructions  had 
been  misunderstood,  1  wrote,  ex- 
plaining the  whole  situation.  A  short 
time  later  a  friendly  note  came. 

Nowadays,  it  seems,  the  usual  re- 
sponse to  a  letter  of  complaint  or 
inquiry  is  either  (1)  a  pre-printed  form 
which  leaves  doubt  that  the  letter  was 
ever  read,  or  (2)  a  letter  which  has 
been  dictated,  transcribed,  and  typed 
on  a  fancy  letterhead  (and  cost  a 
bunch  of  money). 

I  like  your  way  best.  It's  not  very 
elegant  but  it  is  refreshingly  personal, 
to  the  point,  and  very  effective.  Keep 
up  the  good  service  and  personal 
attention! 

Donald  Inbody  WA0PBQ 
Overland  Park  KS 


MORE  10M 


Interesting  note;  While  talking  on 
20m  about  10m  CBers,  a  fellow  on 
the  east  coast  said  his  club  submitted 
a  proposal  to  Q$T.  The  answer  was, 
"We  don't  want  anything  to  do  with 
it!!" 

The  more  I  think  of  it.  what  other 
answer  (from  QST)  would  he  get? 
73  and  Kilobaud  are  the  bestf 

Ken  Lowrance  WR0MZD 

Tim  HaakeWAflTSY 

St.  Charles  MO 

We  are  receiving  many  proposals  for  a 
tQ  meter  band  pfers  based  upon  con- 
verted CB  transceivers.  Watch  for 
them.  I'm  expecting  your  comments. 
-Ed. 


[ 


REASSESSMENT 


] 


Today  I  took  and  passed  my 
amateur  Extra  exam,  thanks  in  part  to 
the  73  20+  wpm  code  tape*  In  answer 
to  your  question,  I  figure  I  spent 
about  10  hours  with  the  tape.  Since  I 
last  took  a  code  exam  for  my  General 
some  20  years  ago,  I  don't  know  what 


Collector's  Item 
Art  Print 
of  Interest 

to  Hams  Only 

see  page  200 


my  "starting  speedJ'  was,  but  prob- 
ably around  I8r  since  that  is  what 
most  hams  seem  to  use. 

I  have  but  one  suggestion  for 
improving  the  code  tape:  put  in  some 
longer  strings,  perhaps  8-12  characters 
long.  The  exam  I  took  had  words  like 
"disaster"  and  "shield"  which  are  {a) 
relatively  long,  and  (b)  have  an  effec- 
tive speed  around  28  wpm  for  the  8 
character  burst,  (I  was  afraid  I'd  have 
to  copy  "reassessment,"  but  they 
didn't  put  it  in  —  or  if  they  did,  I 
missed  it!) 

Thanks  for  a  whole  bunch  of  super 
stuff  in  general,  and  the  code  tapes  in 
particular. 

Frank  Bates  W6IPB 
San  Jose  CA 


A  REAL  WINNER 


My  son  Robert,  who  is  a  specialist 
in  microcomputer  programming  and 
who  works  with  a  local  computer 
firm,  just  brought  home  issue  #1  of 
Kilobaud,  I  must  say  that  I  am  im- 
pressed! I  have  seen  73  grow  from  a 
small  beginning  into  the  most  presti- 
gious ham  publication  by  far,  but 
Kilobaud  seems  to  be  well  up  the 
ladder  with  its  very  first  issue.  I'm  too 
old  a  canine  to  understand  all  of  Its 
intricacies  (or  too  lazy  to  learn?},  but 
my  son,  who  was  fortunate  to  have 
had  a  very  smart  mother,  says  it's  a 
real  winner.  I  am  sure  it  will  enjoy 
fully  as  great  a  success  as  73. 

Keith  BerensW6CWU 
Orange  CA 


MORE80M  FOLLIES 

Thought  I'd  drop  you  a  line  and  let 
you  know  how  much  I  enjoy  your 
magazine,  1  wish  I  had  known  about  it 
a  year  ago  so  \  could  have  saved 
myself  a  lot  of  money  and  messing 
around  with  store  purchased  antennas* 
I  don't  know  if  any  other  people  have 
heard  some  of  the  garbage  I've  heard 
on  80m  or  not,  but  I  thought  I  was 
back  on  11m  again.  I  don't  know  If 
they  were  hams  or  not  because  no  call 
letters  were  being  used.  I  would  like 
to  let  you  know  of  a  super  amateur 
radio  shop  in  the  midwest  —  it  is 
Burghardt  Amateur  Center,  Box  73, 
Watertown  SD  67201,  Keep  up  the 
fine  work  on  the  magazine  and  the 
articles, 

Robert  W.  Todd  WB0TWN 
Jamestown  NO 


23 


Special  Report 


by  Bill  Pasternak  WA6ITF 


The  first  time  I  commented  on 
SAROC  in  Looking  West,  I  stated  that 
this  convention  was  unlike  any  other, 
in  that  H  was  not  the  convention  but 
rather  the  atmosphere  of  Las  Vegas 
that  was  the  real  drawing  card.  When 
compared  to  a  convention  such  as 
Dayton,  it  can't  compete.  It  is  ef- 
ferent from  any  other  convention  that 
I  have  ever  attended,  and  the  only  fair 
way  to  judge  SAROC  77  is  against 
previous  years.  Based  on  that  criterion, 
I  found  myself  disappointed  this  year. 

Las  Vegas,  Nevada,  is  known  world- 
wide as  the  "Live  Entertainment 
Capital  of  the  World."  Twenty-four 
hours  a  day,  "Vegas*"  as  its  friends 
cat  I  it,  is  a  gold  mine  of  entertain- 
ment, with  some  of  the  most  lavishly 
staged  extravaganzas  to  be  found  any- 
where, There  are  few  well-known  club 
entertainers  who  have  not  played 
there,  because  playing  "Vegas"  means 
that  an  entertainer  has  indeed  "made 
it" 

Not  that  this  Es  the  only  lure  of  Las 
Vegas.  Gambling  is  legal  and  open  to 
all  of  legal  age  twenty-four  hours  a 
day.  Put  these  two  factors  together, 
and  you  can  see  why  a  trip  to  Las 
Vegas  has  the  appeal  it  does  —  and 
why  this  city  has  become  one  of  the 
world's  most  visited  vacation  spots. 

Sharon  and  I  like  to  go  to  Vegas 
when  a  good  excuse  such  as  SAROC 
comes  up.  Therefore,  in  my  opinion, 
it  is  Las  Vegas  that  makes  this  conven- 
tion. Were  there  a  less  exciting  en- 
vironment, I  doubt  if  it  would  go. 

This  year,  despite  a  reported  record 
registration,  more  exhibitors  than  last 
year,  a  record  number  of  portable 
repeater  and  remote-base  systems,  and 
more  hospitality  rooms,  the  overall 
attitude  of  the  attendees  seemed  very 
subdued.  While  many  seemed  to  be 
enjoying  themselves,  there  was  an  "air 
of  apprehension"  permeating  things. 
It  was  definitely  a  lot  quieter  than  it 
has  been  the  last  two  years. 

Since  I  am  one  person  and  cannot 
be  everywhere  at  once,  I  try  to  have 
either  a  friend,  my  cassette  tape  re- 


corder, or  both,  to  help  cover  things. 
This  year  the  assistance  came  not  only 
from  my  Panasonic  RQ-309  and  RE- 
15  microphone,  but  also  from  a  lot  of 
fellow  amateurs.  (Thanks,) 

Although  the  overall  number  of 
companies  exhibiting  was  up  a  bit,  it 
was  interesting  to  note  that  a  number 
of  regulars  were  missing.  The  most 
notable  change  this  year  was  the  larger 
participation  by  those  offering  com- 
puter-related hardware  applicable  to 
amateur  radio  —  and  the  share  of  the 
crowd  that  they  were  drawing. 

In  that  department,  the  most  inter- 
esting  and  attention-getting  display 
was  the  booth  operated  by  HAL 
Communications  { staffed  by  their 
highly  knowledgeable  sales  manager 
Ken  Sartain  and  his  associates).  If  you 
have  been  around  for  any  length  of 
time,  you  realize  that  HAL  lUrbana, 
Illinois)  pioneered  the  interface  of  OP 
hardware  to  amateur  radio.  HAL  is 
one  of  the  new  breed  of  companies 
that  has  found  that  keeping  an  ear 
open  to  what  amateurs  want  and  need 
leads  to  success.  Needless  to  say,  their 
video  display  units  and  peripherals 
attracted  a  lot  of  attention. 

So  did  the  new  Curtis  System  4000 
Ham  Computer,  a  device  that  is 
definitely  going  to  open  up  a  whole 
new  era  in  amateur  operation*  Mot 
only  does  it  have  the  ability  to  send 
CW  using  an  integral  keyboard,  but  it 
also  will  read  and  display  on  a  screen 
received  CW  at  a  rata  of  up  to  250 
words  per  minute.  It  also  tells  you  just 
how  fast  the  other  guy  is  sending,  to 
boot.  If  that  were  not  enough,  the 
keyboard  also  functions  as  an  ASCII 
terminal,  either  half  or  full  duplex. 
Still  not  satisfied?  Well,  Curtis  intends 
to  have  a  few  software  goodies  avail- 
able: storage  (for  the  4000)  for  10 
fifty  to  one  hundred  character  CW 
messages,  complete  contest  station 
management  automatic  beam  direc 
tion  based  on  the  other  guy's  callsign, 
DX  forecasting,  Oscar  and  other  satel- 
lite orbit  predictions,  and  lots  more. 
Computers  are  an  interesting  hobby 


'More  Computers  for  Hams":  fMSAf's  interface  to  amateur  radio. 


and  are  applicable  to  amateur  radio 
.  .  .  hmmmm  ...  a  note  to  Curtis 
Electro  Devices  at  PO  Box  4090,  Moun- 
tain View  CA  will  bring  more  info. 

In  the  basic  ham  hardware  depart- 
ment, the  new  all  solid  state  Century 
21  CW  transceiver  really  attracted  my 
fancy.  Maybe  it's  because,  after  15 
years  as  a  ham  { most  of  the  time  spent 
in  the  world  above  50  MHz),  all  of  a 
sudden  the  challenge  of  low  band  CW 
has  hit  me.  The  size,  price,  and 
features  of  the  Century  21  sure  caught 
my  eye.  At  a  first  glance  it  looks  like 
just  about  any  other  HF  SSB  trans- 
ceiver, and  you  have  to  get  in  really 
close  to  realize  that  there  is  no  mike 
jack  or  phone  provision.  It's  a  com- 
plete 70  Watt,  all  solid  state,  BO 
through  10  meter  CW  station  —  and 
"complete"  means  built-in  power 
supply  and  speaker,  Suffice  It  to  say 
that  for  $289  the  features  contained 
in  this  box  (backed  by  a  company 
whose  guarantee  of  quality  is  unsur- 
passed) are  well  worth  the  investment. 
Write  Ten  Tec,  Seviervilie  TN  37862 
for  more  info,  This  has  got  to  be  the 
perfect  setup  for  a  Novice  or  the 
Technician  who  wants  to  make  use  of 
his  newfound  low  band  privileges. 

In  VHF,  Midland  not  only  showed 
its  complete  line  of  two  and  220 
radios,  but  also  drummed  up  a  lot  of 
interest  in  its  new  line  of  VHF  marine 
equipment.  If  I  were  to  single  out  one 
manufacturer  that  has  helped  in  the 
overall  development  of  220,  I  would 
have  to  pick  Midland.  Til  bet  that  the 
majority  of  220  repeaters  these  days 
are  built  from  the  guts  of  the  famed 
13-509,  and  that  says  a  heck  of  a  lot 
for  both  the  radio  and  the  people 
selling  it  Not  that  it  stops  there.  How 
many  repeaters  have  come  into  being 
thanks  to  Midland's  RSVP  program? 
How  many  companies  are  willing  to 
take  part  of  their  profit  and  donate  it 
directly  back  to  the  amateur  service 
with  no  middle  man?  That's  the  kind 
of  manufacturer  support  that  amateur 
radio  needs.  Needless  to  say,  their  new 
synthesized  radio  for  "two"  captured 
the  eye  of  many  of  us-  A  note  to 
Midland  at  PO  Box  1903,  Kansas  City 
MO  64141  will  bring  a  complete 
catalog  and  the  name  of  your  closest 
dealer.  If  you  do  write,  please  don't 
forget  to  say  thanks  for  the  direct 
support  that  they  are  showing  us. 

How  would  you  like  to  be  able  to 
pump  200  Watts  into  a  window  screen 
in  Las  Vegas  and  work  Long  Island, 
New  York,  on  20  meters?  This  was 
actually  done  at  SAROC  by  one  of 
the  visitors  who  passed  by  the  SST 
Electronics  booth  and  purchased  one 
of  their  $29.95  Model  SST-T-1  ran- 
dom wire  antenna  tuners.  One  of 
these  is  just  a  little  green  box,  3"  x 
4-1/4"  x  2-3/8",  that  I  have  found 
will  load  my  old  Globe  Scout  Deluxe 
into  almost  anything,  I  saw  it  there, 
but  it  was  not  until  a  week  later  that  I 
got  one  for  myself  —  I  now  under- 
stand why  this  little  unit  is  becoming 
so  popular.  Eleven  states  on  40  CW  in 
two  days  is  nothing  to  sneeze  at  when 
your  antenna  is  the  feedHne  to  a  six 
meter  vertical.  No  wonder  SST  did 
such  a  brisk  business  at  SAROC*  For 
the  Tech  who  wants  to  make  use  of 
his  Novice  privileges  without  putting 


up  a  new  low  band  antenna,  or  for  the 
ham  who  can't  put  up  a  really  good 
antenna,  the  SST-T-1  can  be  a  god- 
send. It  has  been  to  me.  SST  Elec- 
tronics is  at  PO  Box  1,  Lawndale  CA 
90260,  in  case  you  are  Interested  in 
more  info  on  this  product. 

Not  all  the  new  goodies  were  to  be 
found  on  the  exhibit  floor,  however. 
In  fact,  one  new  radio  that  I  predict 
you  will  be  hearing  a  lot  more  about 
real  soon  was  not  publically  shown. 
However,  we  were  able  to  get  a  sneak 
preview  and  a  few  photos.  The  radio  is 
called  the  FM-144-DX,  and  the  man 
behind  it  is  none  other  than  the 
foremost  pioneer  of  amateur  VHF 
communication,  Mr+  Ed  CJegg 
W3LOY.  Ed,  who  helped  sponsor  this 
year's  Mt.  Wilson  Repeater  Associa- 
tion Aloha  Hospitality  Center,  not 
only  brought  along  his  inexpensive 
crystal-controlled  12  channel  two 
meter  radio,  the  Mark  3  (which  was 
on  operational  display  in  the  MWRA 
room),  but  had  the  FM-144-DX  with 
him  as  well. 

This  little  gem  is  fully  synthesized, 
and  has  LED  readout,  concentric 
knob  quick  change  channel  selection, 
standard  plus/minus  600  kHz  offset, 
and  provision  for  other  offsets  that 
are  switch-selected  (not  to  mention  a 
host  of  other  features  that  will  make 
it  a  hard  radio  to  beat),  Best  of  all,  Ed 
tells  me  he  hopes  to  market  it  at  a 
price  that  will  make  it  affordable  to 
most  amateurs.  Keeping  in  mind  the 
track  record  of  Ed  Ctegg,  the  fact  he 
was  building  and  marketing  VHF 
equipment  before  most  companies 
thought  of  going  in  that  direction,  the 
fact  that  his  equipment  is  usually  a  bit 
ahead  of  the  competition,  and  the 
knowledge  that  a  fellow  amateur 
stands  behind  the  equipment  and  its 
guarantee,  HI  be  willing  to  bet  that 
when  the  FM-144-DX  hits  the  market, 
it  wilt  gain  quick  and  widespread 
acceptance  throughout  the  amateur 
comrn unity h  I  know  that  I  plan  to  buy 
one  to  replace  a  dying  T-43-GGV  in 
the  '71  Torino,  and  this  decision  is 
based  on  the  few  minutes  I  had  to 
play  with  it  in  Ed's  room  at  the 
Sahara.  It's  the  personal  confidence 
that  I  have  developed  over  the  years  in 
"the  man  and  his  radios,"  starting  in 
the  very  early  '60s  when  I  bought  my 
first  '9§er  —  a  very  personal  thing  on 
my  part. 

The  convention  peripherals,  such  as 
hotel  service,  rooms,  hospitality 
rooms,  and  portable  repeaters,  are 
what  make  or  break  any  convention.  I 
heard  the  usual  number  of  com- 
plaints about  rooms  that  had  been 
paid  for  not  being  ready,  and  in  some 
cases  not  available;  about  poor  service 
on  the  part  of  the  hotel;  about  peopie 
being  turned  away.  If  this  is  true,  it 
sure  didn't  happen  to  any  of  our 
group.  Our  block  of  about  30  reserva- 
tions was  not  handled  through  the 
SAROC  convention  committee,  but 
rather  as  a  direct  group  reservation 
through  the  Hotel  Sahara.  Mot  one 
person  in  our  group  was  turned  away, 
and  in  every  case  the  rooms  were 
available  when  our  contingent  arrived. 
Moral :  Sometimes  it  pays  to  do  one's 
own  legwork.  In  my  caser  arrival  was 
at  1  am  on  Friday  morning;  we  were 
in  our  room  by  1 :20  am.  Not  bad  for 


24 


"midnight  service."  Based  on  that,  I 
find  it  rather  hard  to  place  the  blame 
for  any  snafus  on  the  hotel,  and  I  am 
interested  in  knowing  where  the  prob- 
lem real  I  y  lies.  The  people  running  the 
Hotel  Sahara  always  seem  to  go  out  of 
their  way  for  us  when  we  are  in  Vegas, 
and  I  guess  that's  one  reason  we  keep 
going  back.  If  you  had  a  problem, 
drop  me  a  letter  with  full  details  and  I 
will  see  that  it's  forwarded  to  the 
proper  people  at  the  Sahara.  I've  had 
the  chance  to  talk  with  people  in 
management  there,  and  I  get  the 
distinct  impression  that  if  something 
is  awry,  they  would  like  to  know 
about  it  so  that  ft  won't  happen  again. 
They  have  a  lot  of  pride  in  their  place. 

There  were  a  few  new  hospitality 
rooms  this  year  and  a  lot  more  porta- 
ble  repeaters.  One  even  showed  upon 
220!  I  would  estimate  that  there  were 
about  25  portable  repeaters.  Again 
this  year,  the  best  portable  repeater 
award  goes  to  Kirk  IMemzer  WB6EGR 
and  his  crew  for  their  147,435/146.40 
system,  It  had  a  coverage  of  over  70 
miles,  and  turned  out  to  be  the  most 
heavily  used  of  all  the  portable 
systems.  A  good  number  of  the 
portable  systems  were  on  450  and 
were  kept  low  key. 

One  of  the  criteria  that  you  should 
use  to  judge  the  level  of  fun  at 
SAROC  is  to  listen  to  146.94  in 
the  evenings  —  especially  Friday  and 
Saturday  nights.  There  has  always 
seemed  to  be  a  direct  correlation 
between  .94  activity  and  the  enjoy- 
ment level  at  the  convention.  Unlike 
past  years,  .94  was  quiet.  Again,  the 
overall  temperament  of  the  crowd  was 
down  considerably  from  the  past. 
Many  of  the  people  I  talked  with 
during  my  rounds  of  the  various 
hospitality  rooms  complained  that 
there  was  nothing  really  new  here  that 
they  couldn't  see  at  their  local  radio 
store.  And  the  bargafn  hunters  found 
no  bargains  whatsoever. 

At  SAROC,  anything  free,  such  as 
technical  sessions  and  seminars,  is 
kept  to  an  absolute  minimum,  Too 
bad.  It  would  be  a  great  place  to  really 
get  into  VHF/UHF  developments, 
such  as  the  use  of  circular  polarisation 
to  minimize  path  loss,  computers  for 
remote  control  procedures  on  re- 
peaters and  remote  bases,  etc.  SAROC 
has  few  technical  sessions, 

t  did  enjoy  a  talk  given  by  Mr, 
Hartley  Postfethwaite  WA6CQW, 
founder  and  director  of  the  HAPPY 
F  LYE  RS  organization. 

Hart  spoke  on  a  subject  near  and 
dear  to  every  repeater  owner's  heart 
these  days:  direction  finding  tech- 
nique  as  applied  to  tracking  down  a 
device  known  as  an  ELT,  or  Emer- 
gency Location  Transmitter.  ELTsare 
carried  aboard  every  aircraft.  They  are 
designed  to  trigger  on  impact  and  emit 
a  signal  so  that  a  downed  aircraft  can 
be  located.  As  a  pilot,  Hart  has  been 
involved  in  ELT  location  for  a  few 
years.  The  techniques  he  has 
developed  have  appreciably  speeded 
up  location  of  these  devices  and 
thereby  saved  many  lives.  As  he  ex- 
plained, while  the  hardware  and  tech- 
nique were  specifically  developed  to 
aid  in  ELT  location,  the  same  hard- 
ware techniques  do  find  repeater 
jammers.    Drop  a  note  and  SASE  to 


the   HAPPY   FLYERS,  1811   Hillman 
Avenue,  BeEmont  CA  94002, 

Dick  Everett,  Assistant  Chief  of 
Safety  and  Special  Services  of  the 
FCC,  was  on  hand  to  answer  ques- 
tions, such  as: 

CL  "Would  the  elimination  of  the 
repeater  subbands  mean  that  15  could 
be  repeated  to  20?" 

f\i     t  es» 

Q-  "How  do  you  rationalize  a 
closed  repeater?" 

A,  "There  is  nothing  in  the  rules 
that  says  that  one  amateur  has  to 
provide  a  repeater  for  another." 

The  main  speaker  at  the  ARRL 
Forum  was  from  an  organization 
known  as  the  Personal  Communica- 
tions Foundation.  Its  Director /Presi- 
dent is  one  of  my  valley  neighbors, 
Mr.  Jon  J,  Gallo  WA6PTM.  You  will 
note  that  the  "6s1'  seem  to  be  taking 
the  bull  by  the  horns,  going  out  and 
getting  things  done. 

With  over  7,000  legal  matters  In- 
volving amateur  radio  in  1976  alone, 
and  with  the  average  cost  per  matter 
being  around  $3600  land  going  up},  it 
is  easy  to  see  how  even  the  simplest  of 
such  legal  proceedings  can  give  instant 
grey  hair  to  any  ham  who  might 
become  involved. 

The  concept  of  PCF  is  to  do  the 
hard  job,  that  of  legal  background  and 
documentation  work,  so  that  an 
attorney  in  need  of  such  input  can  be 
provided  with  the  data.  This  will 
thereby  cut  the  overall  cost  to  the 
amateur  substantially.  An  estimate 
given  was  that  a  legal  action  that  now 
would  cost  $1000  might  drop  to  as 
low  as  $300,  with  PCF  aid.  PCF, 
however,  states  that  while  it  will 
provide  such  material,  it  will  not  act 
to  represent  an  amateur  in  court.  Its 
function  is  to  provide  advice  and 
research. 

All  this  does  not  come  cheap.  There 
will  be  a  WATS  telephone,  and  office 
and  secrete  rial  costs,  plus  what  it  costs 
to  reproduce  the  documentation 
packages  and  get  them  mailed.  If  one 
out  of  every  three  amateurs  were  to 
donate  a  dollar,  all  costs  of  the  PCF 
could  be  met.  How  about  it,  readers? 
Here  is  your  chance  to  act  directly 
and  do  your  part 

This  nonprofit  corporation  is  head- 
ed by  a  24-member  Board  of  Direc- 
tors, made  up  of  judges,  attorneys  and 
legal  professors  who  also  are  devoted 
amateurs  like  you  and  me.  The  least 
we  can  do  is  support  their  work  by 
kicking  in  a  few  bucks.  The  address  is 
Personal  Com  muni  cations  Founda- 
tion, c/o  Carl  Markov  K6RLP,  915 
Lancaster  Boulevard,  Lancaster  CA 
93534. 

I  mentioned  that  there  were  more 
than  the  usual  number  of  hospitality 
rooms  this  year.  Last  year,  the 
IVtWRA's  (with  Bill  Orenstein  at  the 
helm)  won  overall  acclaim  by  having 
most  in  attendance.  Both  IVIWRA  and 
Bill  were  back  again  this  year,  with  a 
format  that  not  only  featured  a  quiet 
relaxing  spot  but  also  such  added 
features  as  an  "Amateur  Radio 
Theatre"  that  showed  regular  screen- 
ings of  Dave  Bell's  "Moving  Up  To 
Amateur  Radio"  and  an  operational 
exhibit  of  some  of  the  Clegg  VHF  line 
(wtth  Ed  Clegg  himself  as  special 
guest).    It   was   never  jammed,  never 


The  Curtis  System  4000  Ham  Com- 
puter. 

noisy,  and  the  most  relaxing  spot  at 
SAROC  this  year  —  just  as  it  was  last 
year.  Bill  gives  a  lot  of  the  credit  for 
the  success  of  the  room  to  the  staff 
that  runs  the  Sahara. 

The  Palisades  Amateur  Radio  Club 
(PARC),  of  Culver  City,  California, 
pulled  off  a  big  surprise:  the  PARC 
hospitality  center.  This  was  an  after- 
arrival  idea  of  Wayne  Maynard 
WB6BFN,  Shelley  Chelsey  WB6KED 
and  Don  Root  WA6HJW.  Pooling 
their  collective  resources,  they  came 
up  with  a  convention  get-together 
spot  that  was  hard  to  beat.  I  never 
noted  a  moment  when  it  was  empty 
or  when  anyone  was  not  having  a 
good  time. 

The  Spectronics  FM  hospitality 
room  is  always  worth  a  visit.  Spec- 
tronics' Art  Householder  was  ill  and 
unable  to  make  the  trip.  Captain  Dick 
McKay  K6VGP,  who  visited  Art 
recently,  said  that  he  is  recovering, 
but  still  must  take  it  easy  for  a  while. 
Not  that  Art  wasn't  well  represented. 
Well  armed  with  his  famed  "Drinkie 
Talkie/'  "Squeak"  Porray  K7RSM 
took  the  reins  this  year  and  put  out 
the  kind  of  hospitality  that  this  room 
is  famed  for.  It's  not  uncommon  to 
find  people  there  whom  you  will  see 
nowhere  else  at  SAROC.  True-blue 
FMers  will  travel  from  all  over  just  to 
spend  a  few  hours  in  this  particular 
hospitality  suite. 

I  was  not  alone  with  my  feeling 
about  SAROC.  Wherever  I  went 
throughout  the  three  days  I  spent  at 
the  convention,  amateurs  kept  coming 


to  me  to  say  that  there  was 
"something  lacking  this  year/'  that 
"things  were  just  too  political/'  that 
they  had  come  for  a  good  time  and 
not  to  have  the  ARRL  preach  to 
them.  One  guy  came  to  me  up  in  the 
IVIWRA  suite  and  told  me  that  he  had 
been  to  many  conventions  including 
Dayton,  He  said  he  had  always  liked 
SAROC  because  it  was  different  than 
the  rest,  but  if  it  were  going  to 
become  like  another  ARRL  Division 
Convention,  he  would  not  return.  I  do 
feel  that  the  politics  should  be  left  to 
the  politicians,  so  that  the  majority  of 
attendees  can  accomplish  what  they 
came  for:  a  Las  Vegas  vacation  shared 
with  a  lot  of  their  fellow  amateurs. 
While  I  do  not  challenge  the  right  of 
the  ARRL  to  take  part  in  this  convex 
tion,  I  do  fee!  that  if  they  had  left 
their  "New  England  Formal"  attitudes 
back  home  and  picked  up  a  bit  on 
"Southwest  Casual/'  they  might  have 
accomplished  a  lot  more  for  the 
ARRL  image  and  alienated  fewer  of 
this  area's  VHF/UHF -minded  ama- 
teurs, Excepting  shows  or  formal 
dinners,  Las  Vegas  is  not  a  formal 
town,   Most  of  the  Southwest  isn't. 

When  one  is  super-formal  out  here, 
one  stands  out  like  the  proverbial  sore 
thumb.  A  casual  friendly  approach 
goes  far  in  winning  both  friends  and 
support  in  the  Southwest. 

Welt,  there  you  have  it:  SAROC  J77 
in  no  way  matched  its  own  past 
Bigger  does  not  always  mean  better 
and  numbers  in  attendance  are  not  the 
real  material  that  makes  for  an  out- 
standing amateur  radio  get-together. 
In  my  opinion,  based  upon  the  three 
years  I  have  personally  attended,  I  do 
feel  that  SAROC  needs  a  bit  of 
changing.  It  should  bury  the  surface 
politics*  It  needs  a  lot  more  emphasis 
placed  on  technical  presentations,  so 
as  to  interest  technically-minded  ama- 
teurs. Amateurs  enjoy  exploring  new 
concepts  and  new  ideas.  By  making 
sure  to  have  experts  and  time  made 
available  for  them  to  be  heard,  we  can 
look  to  the  future  of  communication 
and  explore  these  new  frontiers. 

I  am  not  an  expert  on  conventions, 
but  I  do  know  when  I  am  having  a 
good  time,  In  the  past,  SAROC  has 
offered  that  to  me,  This  year  I  was 
disappointed. 


Ed  Qegg  gives  73  a  preview  of  his  FM-144-DX  2m  synthesized  FM  unit. 


25 


Editor; 

Robert  Baker  WB2GFE 
t5  Windsor  Dr. 
Atco  NJ  08004 


WISCONSIN  STATE  QSO  PARTY 
Starts:  0001  UTC  Sunday, 

April  3,  1977 

Ends:  2359  UTC  Sunday, 

April  3,  /1 977 

Please  note  that  the  dates  original lv 

submitted  (March,  73]  were  incorrect. 

SIX  METER  GROUND  WAVE 

CONTEST 

Starts:  0300  GMT 

Sunday,  April  2 

Ends:  0700  GMT 

Sunday «  April  2 

The  second  annual  contest  is  spon- 
sored by  Global  Research  and  is  open 
to  all  amateurs  worldwide  on  all 
modes:  SSB,  CW(  FM,  AM,  SSTV, 
RTTY,  end  FAX.  Any  six  meter 
contact  is  valid.  Skip  stations  do 
count  in  the  event  the  band  is  open, 
but  they  only  count  %  point  each  no 
matter  where  the  station  Is  located. 
SCORING: 

For  scoring  purposes,  there  are  four 
zones  defined  by  the  distance  between 
your  QTH  and  the  station  contacted. 


Zone  definitions  and  QSO  points  for 
contacts  with  each  zone  are  as  fol- 
lows: 2one  1,  stations  within  25  miles 
of  your  QTH  -  1  point/QSO;  Zone  2P 
stations  25  to  50  miles  from  your 
QTH  -  2  points/QSO;  Zone  3,  sta- 
tions 50  to  75  miles  from  your  QTH 
-  3  points/QSO;  Zone  4,  stations  over 
75  miles  from  your  QTH  —  4  points/ 
QSO- 

LOGS: 

Show  your  name,  call,  address, 
ARRL  section,  and  input  power. 
Mobiles  and  portables  must  show 
actual  locations.  For  each  station 
worked,  show:  call,  ARRL  section, 
zone  (as  defined  above),  time,  and 
points  scored.  Show  your  total  score, 
sign  the  log,  and  submit  to:  Phil 
Caruso  K90TB,  c/o  Global  Research, 
Contest  Chairman,  PO  Bon  271, 
Lombard  IL  601 48,  Logs  must  be 
postmarked  by  May  3. 

TENNESSEE  QSO  PARTY 
April  2  3 

7th    annual    party    sponsored    by 


i 


r~ 
- 


1 


Apr  2 
Apr  2 
Apr  2 
Apr  2 
Apr  2 


3 
4 
4 


Apr  12  -  13 
Apr  16  -  17 
Apr  16    17 
Apr  16-  17 
Apr  16    17 
Apr  23  -  24 
Apr  23    24 
Apr  23  -  24 
Apr  26    27 
Apr  30  -  May  2 
May  7    8 
May  7    9 
May  7  -9 
May  14-15 
May  14 -15 
May  14  -  16 
May  15 
May  22 
June  11  -12 
June  18  -  19 
June  25    26 
July  2  -  3 
July  4 
July  9    10 
July  16    17 
July  16-17 
Aug  20  -  21 
Aug  20  ■  21 
Sept  10-11 
Oct  1  *  2 
Oct  15*  16 
Nov  5  -  6 
Nov  19-20 
Dec  3  -  4 
Dec  10^  11 


Common  Market  OX  Contest 

Six  Meter  Ground  Wave  Contest 

Tennessee  OSO  Party 

Zero  District  QSO  Party 

Annual  April  QRP  QSO  Party 

YLRL  DX-YL  to  Stateside  YL  Contest  -  CW 

County  Hunters  SSB  Contest 

Florida  OSO  Party 

Bermuda  Contest 

CD  Party  -  CW 

PACC 

H22  Contest 

CD  Party  —  Phone 

YLRL  DX-YL  to  Stateside  YL  Contest  -  Phone 

Connecticut  QSO  Party 

Triple  Letter  QSO  Party 

Georgia  QSO  Party 

Vermont  QSO  Party 

Kansas  QSO  Party 

Massachusetts  QSO  Party 

Michigan  QSO  Party 

World  Telecom  muni  cat  ions  Day  —  Phone 

World  Telecommunications  Day  —  CW 

ARRL  VHF  QSO  Party 

West  Virginia  QSO  Party 

ARRL  Field  Day 

QRP  -  Summer  —  Contest 

ARRL  Straight  Key  Night 

Bicentennial  Celebration  Plus  One 

10-10  Net  Summer  QSO  Party 

Apollo  II  Sth  Anniversary  Contest 

New  Jersey  QSO  Party 

Worldwide  SARTG  RTTY  Contest 

ARRL  VHF  QSO  Party 

Open  CD  Party  -  CW 

Open  CD  Party  —  Phone 

ARRL  Sweepstakes  -  CW 

ARRL  Sweepstakes  -  Phone 

ARRL  160  Meter  Contest 

ARRL  10  Meter  Contest 


Tennessee  Council  of  Amateur  Radio 

Clubs. 

PERIODS: 

Saturday,  April  2r  210OZ,  to 
050QZ,  Sunday,  April  3, 

Sunday,  April  3r  14D0Z  to  2200Z. 

Bonus  period  April  3  from  0500 Z 
to  06002  for  out  of  state  stations 
only  to  work  Tennessee  mobile  and 
portable  stations  only  on  75  meters, 
EXCHANGE: 

Tenn  stations  send  signal  report  and 
county.  Out  of  state  stations  send 
signal  report  and  state,  province,  or 
country.  Work  same  station  different 
bands  or  county  if  mobile  or  portable. 
SCORING: 

Separate  CW  and  phone  contests 
(one  point  each  contact}.  Tennessee 
stations  —  QSO  points  times  sum  of 
(different  state  including  Tennessee 
plus  different  provinces  plus  different 
Tenn  counties}. 

Out  of  state  stations  —  QSO  points 
times  number  of  different  Tenn 
counties. 

Bonus  points  —  200  extra  points  to 
mobiles  and  portables  for  each  county 
operated  outside  home  county. 
FREQUENCIES: 

3550.  7050,  14050.  21050,  28050, 
3725.    21125.    28t25,    3980,    7280, 
14280,  21380,  28580. 
LOGS: 

Date/time  in  GMT,  station  worked, 
band,  mode,  exchange,  and  score.  Use 
separata  log  sheet  for  each  band  over 
25  contacts;  contestants  with  100 
contacts  or  more  must  submit  cross 
check  sheet  similar  to  ARRL  operat- 
ing aid  No,  6.  Logs  must  be  legible  to 
avoid  disqualification, 
AWARDS: 

Plaques  to  top  phone  and  CW 
scores  m  Tennessee,  to  win  nine 
mobile,  to  winning  portable,  and  top 
score  out  of  state.  Certificates  to 
every  station  sending  log  with  15 
contacts.  Repeater  contacts  not  al 
lowed.  Mobiles  compete  against 
mobiles,  portables  against  portables. 
Minimum  10  contacts  each  county  to 
earn  bonus  points. 

Tennessee  stations  on  phone  call 
"CQ  Tenn  QSO  Party/'  on  CW  "CO 
Tenn1'  or  "TEST"  -  variations  to 
encourage  contacts  from  non  con- 
testants will  result  in  disqualification. 

Mailing  deadline  May  1,  1977.  Send 
self-addressed  stamped  envelope  if 
eligible  for  certificate  to  Dave  Goggio 
W4QGG,  1419  Favell  Dr.,  Memphis, 
Tenn  38116.  Every  entry  wilt  receive 
summary  along  with  certificate  if 
eligible. 

COMMON  MARKET  DX  CONTEST 

CW 

0600  GMT  to  2400  GMT 

Saturday,  April  2 

Phone 

0600  GMT  to  2400  GMT 

Sunday,  April  3 

The  purpose  of  this  contest  is  to 
increase  the  activity  of  radio  amateurs 


in  the  Common  Market  of  Europe  and 
to  establish  as  many  contacts  as  pos- 
sible during  the  contest  periods 
between  stations  of  the  Common 
Market  of  Europe  and  the  rest  of  the 
world*  All  bands  80  to  10  meters  may 
be  used  on  the  appropriate  mode. 
Contest  call  is  "CQ  CM"  or  "CQ 
Common  Market."  Entries  may  be  in 
either  of  the  following  classes:  Single 
opT  alJ  bands;  Single  op,  low  bands  (80 
+  40);  Single  op,  high  bands  (20- 10 j; 
Mutti-op,  single  TX,  all  bands  only 
falso  club  stations). 
EXCHANGE: 

RSfT)  and  QSO  number  from  001. 
SCORING: 

Non -Common  Market  stations: 
QSO  with  CM  m  5  points;  any  other 
EU  station  =  2  points.  Common 
Market  stations:  QSO  with  CM  =  1 
point;  non-GM,   EU  =  2  points;  non- 

CM  outside  EU  =  5  points;  QSO  with 
own  country  =  0  points  but  ok  for 
multiplier. 

Multipliers:  One  point  for  each 
band.  For  nomCM,  CM  countries  = 
Belgium,  Wr  Germany,  Italy,  Den 
mark.  Great  Britain,  Luxembourg,  Ire- 
land, the  Netherlands,  and  France. 
For  Common  Market  stations:  each 
country  in  the  world,  following  DXCC 
Claimed  scores  is  total  QSO 
points  times  total  multiplier  as  usual. 
ENTRIES: 

Separate  Logs  for  each  band;  show 
date/time  in  GMT,  exchange,  points, 
and  multipliers,  Summary  sheet  must 
include  signed  usually  used  declara- 
tion that  all  rules/regulations 
observed.  Mail  by  April  30th  to  con- 
test committee:  Michel  Le  Bon 
0N4G0,  Cheede  Wavre  1349,  B  1160 
Brussels,  Belgium,  Certificates  to 
highest  scoring  single  op  in  the  CM  on 
each  mode  and  to  highest  scoring 
single  op  outside  CM  on  each  mode. 

ZERO  DISTRICT  QSO  PARTY 

Starts:  2000  GMT 

Saturday.  April  2 

Ends:  0200  GMT 

Monday,  April  4 

Organized  by  the  Mississippi  Valley 
Radio  Club,  this  contest  covers  a  lot 
of  territory  and  should  create  a  lot  of 
activity.  Stations  outside  of  Zero 
district  will  work  Zero  district  stations 
only,  but  Zeros  may  work  both  in  and 
out  of  district  stations.  The  same 
station  may  be  worked  once  on  each 
band  and  each  mode. 
EXCHANGE: 

QSO   number,    RS(T),   and    QTH. 
QTH  is  county  and  ARRL  section  for 
Zeros,    ARRL   section    only    for    all 
others, 
SCORING: 

For  Zeros  -  total  QSOs  multiplied 
by  (ARRL  sections  ■*  Zero  counties  + 
DX  counties)  worked.  Others  —  total 
QSOs  multiplied  by  (Zero  counties  + 
Zero  sections). 
FREQUENCIES: 
3560,   7060,    14060,   21060,  28060, 


26 


3900,   7270,   14300,   21370,  28570, 
3725,7125,21125,28125. 
ENTRIES  &  AWARDS; 

Beautiful  four  color  certificates  will 
be  presented  to  the  General  class 
section  high  scorer  and  to  the  Novice/ 
Tech  class  section  high  scorer.  Mailing 
deadline  for  entries  is  May  15th,  to' 
Mississippi  Valley  RC,  3518  W. 
Columbia,  Davenport,  Iowa  52804. 
Include  an  SASE  for  results. 

ANNUAL  APRIL  QRP 

QSO  PARTY 

Starts:  2000  GMT 

Saturday,  April  2 

Ends:  0200  GMT 

Monday,  April  4 

The  contest  is  open  to  all  amateurs 
and  is  sponsored  by  the  QRP  Amateur 
Radio  Club  International,  Inc. 

Stations  may  be  worked  once  per 
band  for  QSO  and  multiplier  credits. 
Each  member  QSO  counts  3  points, 
non- member  QSOs  2  points.  Stations 
other  than  W/VE  count  as  4  points 
per  QSO.  Multipliers  are  as  follows: 
More  than  100  Watts  input  power  — 
xl;  25  to  100  Watts  -  xL5;  5  to  25 
Watts  -  x2.0;  1  to  5  Watts  -  x3.0; 
less  than  1  Watt  power  -  x5.Q. 

Final    score    is   QSO    points  times 
total     number    of     states/provinces/ 
countries  per  band  times  power  multi- 
plier, 
EXCHANGE: 

Members  —  RS(T),  state/province/ 
country,  QRP  number. 

Non-Members     -     RS(T),     state/ 
province/country,  power. 
FREQUENCIES: 

CW  -  3540,  7040,  14065,  21040, 
28040. 

SSB  -  3855,  7260,  14260,  28600, 
21300. 

Novice  -  3720,  7120,  21120, 
28040. 

AHfreq's+/-5kHz. 

ENTRIES: 

Send  full  log  data,  including  full 
name,  address,  and  bands  used.  Indi- 
cate equipment  antennas,  and  power 
used,  Include  a  #10  SASE  for  results. 
Logs  must  be  received  by  May  30, 
1977  to  qualify.  Send  logs  to:  E.  V. 
Sandy  Blaize,  W5TVW,  417  Ridge- 
wood  Drive,  Metairie  LA  70001. 

Certificates  will  be  awarded  to  the 
highest  scoring  station  in  each  state/ 
province/country.  Other  places  de- 
pending on  activity.  One  certificate 
for  the  station  showing  three  "skip" 
contacts  using  the  lowest  power. 

COUNTY  HUNTERS  SSB  CONTEST 

Contest  Periods; 

0001  GMT  Saturday,  April  16  to 

0800  Saturday,  April  16 
1200  GMT  Saturday,  April  16  to 

0800  Sunday,  April  17 

1200  GMT  Sunday,  April  17  to 

2400  GMT  Sunday,  April  17 

Please  note  two  four  hour  rest 
periods ! 

This  is  the  6th  annual  contest 
sponsored  by  the  Mobile  Amateur 
Radio  Awards  Club,  fnc<  Mobile  sta- 
tions may  be  worked  each  time  they 
change  counties  or  bands,  but  if 
worked  again  from  the  same  county 
on  a  different  band  count  for  point 
credit  only.  Mobile  stations  contacted 
on  a  county  line  count  as  one  contact 
but  two  multipliers.  Portable  stations 


RESULTSOF  THE  1976  YL 

ANNIVERSARY  PARTY 

(OCT /NOV  1976) 

Winners 


CW: 

DJ0EK 

860  points 

I3MQ 

817 

VE1AMB 

646 

WA2DMK 

585 

OK2BBI 

580 

PHONE: 

YN1KG 

12,717  points 

HC2YL 

12,152 

FG7XL 

8,910 

K6KCI 

8.845 

W2GLB 

8r680 

COMBINED: 

HC2YL 

12,385,75 

DJ0EK 

8P510 

DJ1TE 

6,447.5 

VE7DTO 

5r648.75 

K6DLL 

4,955 

RESULTS  OF  1976  CARTG  ANNUAL  W/W 
RTTY  DX  SWEEPSTAKES  (OCT  1976) 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  top  10  places  that  each  received  plaques  donated 
by  various  groups: 


riPYS 

1,955,244  points 

W3EKT 

1,584,380 

CT1EQ 

1,562,660 

W4CQI 

988,612 

CE3MA 

928,988 

K8JUG 

794,928 

JCH6AG 

794,015 

WD8CPU 

787,695 

W1GKJ 

739,344 

K0JWX/6 

699,900 

W3EKT  won  top  US  plaque  while  VE2JR  won  top  Canadian  plaque, 
VK3SG  won  "Green"  RTTY  high  score  for  his  first  time  in.  Paul  Menadier 
of  USA  won  top  SWL  printer  plaque.  W1MX  won  top  multi-op  score, 

Many  other  certificates  were  awarded  to  the  top  scores  in  each  USA  and 
Canadian  district,  and  each  OX  country. 

103  logs  were  received  from  49  countries  with  25  stations  working  WAC 
during  the  contest  period.  Looked  like  a  good  showing  from  the  USA! 


7220   7240, 
21375-21395, 


that  change  counties  during  the  con 
test  may  be  worked  for  both  point 
and  multiplier  credit  from  each  new 
county .  Fixed  stations  may  be  worked 
by  other  fixed  stations  only  once 
during  the  contest  regardless  of  bands, 
Repeat  contacts  between  fixed  sta- 
tions on  other  bands  are  not  per- 
mitted! Fixed  stations  may  be  worked 
by  mobile/portable  stations  each  time 
they  change  counties  or  bands.  Repeat 
contacts  between  mobile/portable 
stations  are  permitted  provided  they 
are  on  a  different  band  or  county. 

EXCHANGE: 

Signal  report,  county,  and  state 
(country  for  DX).  Mixed  code  con- 
tacts are  permitted  provided  that  one 
station  is  on  SSB.  {Mobiles  please 
keep  an  ear  for  CW  county  hunters 
calling!) 

FREQUENCIES; 

3920-3940 
14275-14295, 
2857528595. 

Please  note:  This  year  there  will  be 
a  "mobile/portable  window"  of  10 
kHz  on  the  following  frequencies: 
3925-35,  7225*35,  14280-90. 
Mobiles/portables  will  be  in  this  10 
kHz  segment  and  fixed  stations  are 
asked  to  refrain  from  calling  J*CG 
Contest"  in  this  segment  After  work- 
ing mobile/portable  stations  in  the 
"window/'  fixed  stations  are  re- 
quested to  tune  and  work  other 
mobile/portable  stations  or  GSY  to 
the  outer  edges  of  the  suggested  fre- 
quencies to  call  CQ  or  work  other 
fixed  stations  in  the  contest,  This  will 
allow  the  mobile/portables  running 
lower  power  a  chance  to  be  heard  and 
worked  in  the  contest. 
SCORING; 

Contact  with  a  fixed  US  or 
Canadian  station  =  1  point.  Contact 
with  DX  stations  (including  KL7  & 
KH6)  =  5  points.  Contact  with 
mobile/portable  stations  =  10  points. 
Portable  stations  are  defined  as 
operating  from  another  temporary  lo- 
cation for  contest  purpose.  Multi- 
plier is  total  number  of  US  counties 
plus  Canadian  stations  worked;  take 


credit  for  a  county  only  the  1st  time 
it  is  worked.  A  Canadian  station 
counts  each  time  it  is  worked.  Final 
score  is  total  number  of  QSO  points 
times  total  number  of  different 
counties  and  VE  stations  worked. 
ENTRIES; 

Logs  should  show  date/time  in 
GMT,  station  worked,  report  ex- 
changed, county,  state,  band,  claimed 
points  (1,  5,  or  10),  and  each  new 
multiplier  numbered.  Official  log 
sheets  and  summary  sheets  are  free  for 
a  #10  SASE  or  SAE  and  appropriate 
IRCs  from  John  Ferguson  W0QWS, 
3820  Stonewall  Ct.,  Independence 
MO  64055.  Submit  all  entries  to  the 


same  address  no  later  than  June  1st 
to  be  eligible  for  awards;  DX  should 
use  air  mail. 
AWARDS: 

Plaques  to  highest  scoring  fixed  US 
or  VE,  DXr  mobile,  and  2nd  mobile 
certificates  to  top  10  fixed  and  mobile 
stations  in  US  and  VE  and  to  the 
highest  scoring  DX  in  each  country. 
Only  single  operator  stations  are 
eligible  for  these  awards,  but  multi-op 
certificates  may  be  issued  if  merited. 
A  station  may  enter  as  both  fixed  and 
mobile,  but  separate  scores  are  re- 
quired- 

Continued 


RESULTS  OF  1976  DELAWARE  QSO  PARTY  {NOV  1976) 

High  scoring  DEL  station  -  K3YHR  with  20,605  points- 
High  scoring  out  of  state  station  —  AC7UIC  with  450  points. 

Out  of  State  Scores: 


ARIZ 

A67BQN 

225 

CA 

AA6MQS 

25 

CONN 

AA1 UAX 

175 

FLA 

K4KMA 

200 

GA 

WA0DGL/4 

150 

ILL 

K9DDA 

105 

IND 

WB9THY 

120 

IOWA 

AC0BQ 

200 

LA 

W5WG 

325 

NJ 

AB2VWW  (QRP) 

105 

AA2ZWH  (QRP) 

105 

NY 

W2EY 

105 

OHIO 

WB8NTY 

90 

OREG 

AC7U1C 

450 

TENN 

AB4WHE 

60 

TEXAS 

WA5KGW 

200 

VA 

W4ZRJ 

5 

CANADA 

VE3EJK 

150 

DEL  Winners: 

New  Castle 

K3YHR 

20,605 

Sussex 

WA3WIY 

5,635 

-tie 


27 


BERMUDA  AMATEUR 

RADIO  CONTEST 

Starts:  0001  GMT  April  16 

Ends:  2400  GMT  April  17 

Sponsored  by  the  Radio  Society  of 
Bermuda.  Operate  no  more  ttian  36 
hours  of  the  43  hour  contest  period. 
Off  periods  to  be  dearly  logged  and 
each  period  to  be  of  riot  less  than  3 
consecutive  hours.  All  stations  shall  be 
single  operator  only  and  must  be 
operated  from  their  own  private 
residence  or  property-  Each  station 
may  be  worked  only  once  per  band 
regardless  of  mode.  Use  all  bands  B0 
to  10  meters,  but  no  cross  band  or 
cross  mode  contacts  permitted. 
EXCHANGES: 

All  stations  exchange  RS(T)  and 
following:  UK  —  county,  US  —  state, 
VE  —  province,  Bermuda  —  parish. 

US  and  VE  stations  must  exchange 
reports  with  UK  and  Bermuda  stations 
only.  UK  stations  must  exchange 
reports  with  US,  VE,  and  Bermuda 
only. 
SCORING: 


Each  QSO=  5  points.  Multiplier  for 
all  stations  outside  Bermuda  is  the 
total  number  of  VP9s  worked  on  each 
band.  The  same  VPS  can  be  worked 
on  all  bands.  For  Bermuda  stations,  it 
is  the  total  number  of  states,  prov- 
inces, and  counties  worked  on  each 
band. 

AWARDS: 

Top  scorer  in  each  state,  province, 
and  county  shall  receive  a  certificate. 
Trophy  to  top  scorer  in  VE,  US,  and 

UK,    Round    trip   air    transportation 
plus  accommodation  will  be  provided 
to  overseas  winners  to  enable  them  to 
receive  their  awards. 
EN  TRIES: 

All  dales  and  times  in  GMT.  All 
contestants  to  check  for  duplicates 
and  to  compute  their  own  scores,  Sign 
a  statement  that  all  rules  and  regula- 
tions have  been  observed ,  Each  page 
must  be  clearly  marked  with  call, 
name,  and  address,  and  must  be 
received  by  the  contest  committee 
before  June  30th.  Send  entries  to:  P0 
Box  275,  Hamilton  5,  Bermuda. 


— i 


RESULTS  OF  THE  1976  DELTA  QSO  PARTY 

Plague  Winners  as  follows: 

High  score  Delta  Div  -  WA5KQD  5  with  33.592  points. 

High  score  outside  Delta  Div  =  WB40GW  with  10.360  points, 

Hi#  club  station  =  WB5RHX  with  21,480  points. 

High  portable  station  =  K4LTA/4  with  11,340  points. 

First  place  winners  in  each  Delta  Div  as  follows: 


ARK 

WA5KOD/5 

19,698 

LA 

WB5RHX 

21,480 

MISS 

WS  RUB/5 

22,248 

TENN 

AD4PUZ 

40,967 

First  place  winners 

by  sections?  outside  Delta  D 

fV,  as  follows: 

CONN 

AC1GNR 

3.444 

EMASS 

AC1AGE 

2,646 

ME 

W1UOT 

770 

VT 

AD10RS 

1,056 

ENY 

W2WSS 

414 

NLI 

W2RPZ 

3,430 

NMJ 

AA2EJZ 

234 

WNY 

W2NCI 

1,224 

EPA 

W3ARK 

4,263 

MD 

AC3RAB 

4,002 

WPA 

W3HOH 

967 

GA 

WB4QGN 

6,141 

NC 

W40MW 

1,519 

SFLA 

WB40GW 

10,360 

VA 

AA4SHL 

864 

NMEX 

W5TIL 

120 

NTEX 

K6TEB/5 

3,835 

OKLA 

K5DEC 

154 

STEX 

WA5TPO 

2,552 

ORG 

KflGJD/6 

7,182 

sv 

W6YMH 

782 

SDGO 

AG6JES/G 

840 

SBAR 

W60UL 

567 

MONT 

W7JYW/7 

1.870 

ORE 

AC7ULC 

1,960 

MICH 

W8WVU 

945 

OHIO 

K8BBH 

180 

ILL 

W9WR 

1,248 

IND 

W9JQQ 

1.269 

IOWA 

WOPRY 

4,992 

MO 

AC0QWS 

5,355 

CANADA: 

- 

MAR 

VE1MX 

1 .258 

ONT 

VE3EJK 

3,675 

FLORIDA  QSO  PARTY 

Contest  Periods: 
1500  to  2000  GMT 
Saturday,  April  16 
0000  to  0500  GMT 

Sunday,  April  17 
1400  to  2400  GMT 

Sunday,  April  17 

This  is  the  12th  annual  QSO  party 
sponsored;  by  Florida  Skip.  Phone  and 
CW  are  separate  contests.  Trie  same 
station  may  be  worked  on  each  band 
for  QSO  points.  FLA  station*  may 
work  other  FLA  stations  for  QSO 
points  only. 
EXCHANGE: 

RS(T)  arid  QTH  county  for  FLA; 
state,  province,  or  country  for  others. 
FREQUENCIES: 

Phone  -  3970,  7270,  14317, 
21370. 

CW  -  3570,  7070,  14070.  21070. 
SCORING: 

FLA  stations  count  1  point  per 
QSO;  multiplier  is  sum  of  states  (49 
max},  provinces  (12  max},  and  DX 
countries  (12  max}.  Maximum  multi- 
plier is  73.  FLA  mobiles  and  portables 
on  emergency  power  and  running  200 
W  or  less  multiply  total  score  by  2,  AH 
others  count  2  points  per  FLA  porta- 
ble/mobile station  worked;  1  point  for 
fixed  FLA  QSOs.  Multiplier  is  number 
of  different  FLA  counties  worked  (67 
max}. 
AWARDS: 

Certificates  {phone  and  CW)  to 
top  single  operator  score  in  each 
state,  province,  and  DX  country,  also 
each  FLA  county.  Five  plaques  also  to 
be  awarded  to  high  single  op  in  FLA 
and  out-of-state,  phone  and  CW,  and 
to  FLA  club  with  highest  aoojegate 
score, 
ENTRIES: 

Stations  may  be  disqualified  for 
various  reasons  -  improper  reporting, 
excessive  dupes,  errors  In  multiplier 
lists,  etc.  —  at  discretion  of  the  con- 
test committee*  Anyone  disqualified 
this  year  will  be  barred  from  the 
contest  next  year,  A  summary  sheet  is 
requested  showing  scoring  and  other 
pertinent  information.  Also  include 
your  name  and  address  in  BLOCK 
LETTERS,  and  a  signed  declaration 
that  all  rules  and  regulations  have 
been  observed.  Include  a  13c!  stamp 
for  results.  Mailing  deadline  is  May 
30th.  Mail  to:  Florida  Skip  Contest 
Committee,  PO  Sox  660501.  Miami 
Springs  FL  33166. 

PACC  CONTEST 
Starts:  1200  GMT 
Saturday.  April  23 

Ends:  1800  GMT 

Sunday,  April  24 

Sponsored  by  VERON  of  Neder 
land,  the  contest  is  open  to  all  ama- 
teurs to  help  obtain  their  PACC 
award.  Use  all  bands,  160  to  10 
meters,  CW  or  SSB,  bu!  no  cross  mode 
contacts.  Categories:  single  or  multi- 
operator  and  SWL. 
EXCHANGE: 

RS(TJ  and  serial  number  from  001. 
P  A  IP  I  /PE  stations  will  give  province  as 
well.  Possible  provinces  are:  GRf  FR, 
DR.  OV,  GD,  UT,  YP,  NH,  ZH,  ZL, 
NB,  LB. 
FREQUENCIES: 

CW     -     3525-3585.     7010  7040, 
14  025-14085,     21 040-2 1 1 00. 


28050-28100. 

SSB     -    3650-3750,     7040-7100, 
14150-14300,      21150-21300. 
28200-28700, 
SCORING: 

Each  PA/P1/PE  QSO  counts  1 
point  Each  station  may  be  worked 
only  once  per  band  regardless  of 
mode,  Multiplier  is  number  of  prov- 
inces per  band  imw  12  per  band  x  6 
bands  =  721,  Final  score  is  then  sum 
of  QSO  points  times  total  multiplier. 
SWLs  score  same. 

ENTRIES  A  AWARDS: 

Logs  must  contain  code  group  given 
by  Dutch  station  and  station  worked 
with;  usual  score  calculation  is  re- 
quired. Please  use  a  multiplier  column 
and  insert  multiplier  only  first  time 
worked.  Include  a  signed  statement 
that  contest  rules  and  regulations  were 
observed.  Certificates  to  each  country, 
US  and  Canadian  call  district  winners. 
Logs  must  be  sent  to:  VERON  Con- 
test Manager,  PA0DIN,  Schoutstraat 
15  Nymegen  6305,  Netherlands,  not 
later  than  June  15th. 

Of  last  year's  several  hundred 
contestants,  only  4  were  from  the  US. 
Winners  from  stateside  were: 
AC3ARK,  AC10PJ,  and  WB51AL. 
How  about  a  little  more  participation 
from  the  States? 

H  22  CONTEST 

Starts:  1500  GMT 

Saturday,  April  23 

Ends;  1700  GMT 

Sunday,  April  24 

Use  all  bands  160  to  10  meters,  CW 
to  CW  or  phone  to  phone. 
EXCHANGE: 

RS(T)  and  3  digit  serial  number 
from  001;  Swiss  stations  send  abbre- 
viation of  their  canton  as  well. 
Abbreviations  for  22  cantons  are;  AG, 
AR,  BE,  BS,  FR,  GE,  GL,  GR,  LUP 
NE,  NW,  SG,  SH,  SO,  SZ,  TG.  Tl,  UR, 
VD,  VS,  ZG,  ZH, 
SCORING: 

Each  contact  with  an  HB  station 
counts  3  points;  each  station  can  be 
worked  once  per  band  regardless  of 
mode.  Multiplier  is  sum  of  Swiss 
cantons  worked  on  each  band,  22  max 
per  band.  Final  score  is  total  QSO 
points  times  total  cantons  worked  on 
all  bands. 
ENTRIES  &  AWARDS: 

Certificates  to  highest  scorer  in 
each  country,  US  and  Canadian  call 
areas.  Logs  must  be  postmarked  not 
later  than  30  days  after  the  contest 
and  sent  to:  TM  USKA,  HB9AHA,  im 
Moos,  5707  Seengen,  Switzerland- 

H-22  Award  is  available  for  working 
all  22  cantons  on  CW  or  phone  (all 
one  mode}.  Send  QSLs  to  Walter 
Blattner  HB9ALF,  Post  Bo*  450,  CH 
6601  Locarno,  Switzerland. 

CONNECTICUT  QSO  PARTY 

Starts:  2100  GMT  April  30 

Ends:  0200  GMT  May  2 

Sponsored  by  the  Can  die  wood 
Amateur  Radio  Association,  all  ama- 
teurs are  invited  to  participate,  Each 
station  may  be  worked  once  on  each 
band  and  mode.  W1Q1,  the  club  sta- 
tion, will  be  operating  CW  on  odd 
hours  and  SSB  on  even  hours  and 
counts  for  5  QSOs  (each  band/mode). 
Novice  QSOs  count  2  points  each. 


28 


EXCHANGE: 

QSO   number,    RSfO,   and  ARRL 
section   for  out  of  state,  and  Conn 
county  for  Conn  stations. 
SCORING: 

Out  ol  state  multiply  QSO  points 
times  number  of  Conn  counties 
worked  (8  max).  Conn  stations  multi- 
ply total  number  of  QSO  points  by 
number  of  ARRL  sections  and  prov- 
inces; OX  stations  count  only  as  one 
additional  section  total. 
FREQUENCIES: 

CW  -  40  kHz  up  from  bottom  of 
band, 

SSB  -  3925,  7250,  14300,  21375, 
28540. 

Novices    -    3725,    7125,    21125, 
28125. 
ENTRIES 3  AWARDS: 

Certificates  to  top  scoring  stations 
in  each  Conn  county  and  each  ARRL 
section  or  province.  Logs  must  show 
category,  date/time  in  GMT,  calls, 
numbers,  bands,  QSO  points,  and 
claimed  scores.  A  Worked  All  Conn 
Counties  Certificate  will  be  awarded 
for  anyone  working  all  8  counties. 
Enclose  a  large  SASE  for  results.  Logs 
must  be  postmarked  no  later  than 
June  1st  to:  Candlewood  ARA,  c/o 
Fred  Porter  W1VH,  169  Carmen  HHI 
Road    Nr.    2,    Mew    Mi \ ford,    Conn. 

06776, 


THE  13th  ALL 
ASIAN  DX  CONTEST 

The  purpose  of  this  contest  is  to 
increase  the  activity  of  radio  amateurs 
in  Asia  and  to  establish  as  many 
contacts  as  possible  during  the  contest 
periods  between  Asian  and  non-Asian 
stations. 
CONTEST  PERIOD: 

Phone:  30  hours  from  1000  GMT 
June  18r  1977,  to  1600  GMT  June  19, 
1977. 

CW:    30    hours    from    1000   GMT 
August    27,     1977,    to     1600    GMT 
August  28,  1977. 
BANDS: 

The  amateur  bands  to  30  MHz  may 
be  used. 
ENTR  Y  CLASSIFICA  TIONS: 

Single  operator,  19  MHz  band  (CW 
only);  single  operator,  3.5  MHz  band; 
single  operator,  7  MHz  band;  single 
operator  ,  14  MH*  band;  single  opera- 
tor,  21  MHz  band;  single  operator,  28 
MHz  band;  single  operator,  multi- 
band;  multi-operator,  multi-band. 
POWER,  TYPE  OF  EMISSION,  AND 
FREQUENCIES: 

Within  the  limits  of  own  station's 
license. 
CONTEST  CALL: 

For  Asian  stations:  Phone  —  "CO 
contest";  CW  -  "CQ  test." 

For  non-Asian   stations;    Phone  — 
"CQ  Asia";  CW  -  "CQ  AA." 
EXCHANGE: 

For  QM  stations:  RS(T}  report  plus 
two  figures  denoting  the  operator's 
age, 

For  YL  stations:  RS(T)  report  plus 
two  figures  "00  [zero  zero)" 
RESTRICTIONS  IN  THE  CONTEST: 

Mo  contact  on  cross  band, 

For  the  participants  of  single  opera- 
tor's entry:  Never  transmit  two  signals 
or  more  at  the  same  time  (only  one 
signal  may  be  used). 

For  the  participants  of  multi-opera- 


tor's entry:  Never  transmit  two  signals 

or   more  on  each  band  at  the  same 

time    (one  signal   per   band   may   be 

used). 

POINT  AND  MULTIPLIER: 

For  Asian  stations:  Point  —  A 
perfect  contact  with  no n- Asian  station 
will  count  one  point;  Multiplier  —  The 
number  of  different  countries  En  the 
world  worked  on  each  band  (accord- 
ing to  the  DXCC  countries  list). 

For  non  Asian  stations:  Point  —  A 
perfect  contact  with  Asian  station  will 
count  one  point;  Multiplier  —  The 
number  of  different  Asian  prefixes 
worked  on  each  band  (according  to 
the  WPX  rules). 

About  JD1  stations:  JD1  stations 
on  Qgasawara  (Bonln  and  Volcano) 
Islands  belong  to  Asia;  JD1  stations 
on  Minamitori  Shima  (Marcus)  Island 
belong  to  Oceania. 

Contacts  among  Asian  stations  and 
among  non-Asian  stations  will  count 
neither  point  nor  multiplier. 

Contacts  with  KA  stations  are  not 
eligible.  They  are  considered  not  ama- 
teur but  military. 
SCORING: 

(The  sum  of  the  contact  points  on 
each  band)  X  (The  sum  of  the  multi- 
pliers on  each  band). 
INSTRUCTIONS     ON      THE     SUM- 
MARY AND  LOG  SHEET: 

Use  a  separate  sheet  for  each  band. 
Please  keep  all  times  in  GMT.  Please 
fill  up  the  blanks  of  "multiplier"  by 
the  countries  or  prefixes  only  the  first 
time  on  each  band. 
AWARDS: 

Both  phone  and  CW  certificates  will 
be  awarded  to  the  highest  scores  of 
each  entry  in  accordance  with  the 
number  of  the  participants  of  each 
country; 

If  the  number  of  participants  is 
under  10,  awarded  only  the  first 
rank. 

If  the  number  of  participants  is 
11  to  20,  awarded  the  second 
rank. 

If  the  number  of  participants  is 
21  to  30 H  awarded  the  third  rank. 
If  the  number  of  participants  is 
31  or  more,  awarded  the  fifth 
rank. 

The  highest  scorer  in  each  con- 
tinent of  the  single  operator,  multi- 
band  entry  will  get  a  medal  and 
certificate  by  the  Minister  for  Posts 
and  Telecommunications  of  Japan. 

The  highest  scorer  of  the  mufti- 
operator,  multi-band  entry  in  each 
continent  will  get  a  medal.  In  addi- 
tion, certificates  will  be  awarded  to 
the  highest  scorer  of  each  call  area  of 
the  United  States  of  America,  in  the 
entry  of  single  operator,  multi-band, 
REPORTING: 

The  log  and  summary  sheet  must 
arrive  together  at  JARL  P,0,  Box  377, 
Tokyo  Central,  Japan,  on  or  before 
the  following  dates:  Phone  —  Septem- 
ber 30,  1977;  CW  -  November  30, 
1977. 
DISQUALIFICATION: 

Violation  of  the  contest  rules;  false 
statement  in  the  report;  taking  points 
from  duplicate  contacts  on  the  same 
band  in  excess  of  2%  by  the  total. 
ANNOUNCEMENT  OF  THE  RE~ 
SUL  T: 

Phone  —  about  February,  1978;  CW 
-about  April,  1978. 


You   may  have  contest  results  by 
enclosing  one  I  RC  and  SAE. 


1977  CAPE  TOWN 
FESTIVAL  AWARD 

This  award  is  available  to  all  li- 
censed amateurs.  Contacts  must  be 
made  during  the  period  starting  2200 
GMT  April  1st  and  ending  2200  GMT 
April  30,  1977,  AJI  DX  stations  (non- 
ZS)  are  required  to  work  ZS1CTF  or 
ZS1CTM  plus  2  other  ZS1  stations. 
QSL  cards  are  not  required  for  the 
award.  Submit  an  extract  of  your  log, 
certified  as  being  correct  by  either 
your  local  awards  manager  or  two 
licensed  amateurs.  Any  band,  mode, 
or  combination  may  be  used.  Closing 
date  for  applications  is  July  31,  1977. 
Certificates  will  be  posted  after  this 
date  only.  The  fee  is  $2.00  (USA).  A 
special  endorsement  will  be  available 
for  VHF  contacts  or  may  be  applied 


for  as  an  additional  award.  Applica- 
tions should  be  addressed  to:  Derek 
Siege!  2S1DP,  SARL  CT  Branch,  PO 
Box  5100,  Cape  Town  3000,  South 
Africa, 


ALL  VE/VO  ON  RTTY 

Offered  by  the  CARTG,  VE3RTT, 
contacts  must  be  2- way  RTTY  only, 
any  date.  Award  will  be  a  certificate, 
numbering  from  one.  There  is  no 
charge  for  the  award,  but  the  neces- 
sary QSLs  are  to  accompany  the 
request.  They  will  be  returned!  An 
official  of  a  RTTY  group  or  society 
may  inspect  and  send  in  a  signed  list 
of  such  QSL  cards,  including  all 
pertinent  information  (in  place  of 
sending  the  actual  QSLs).  Send  ail 
requests  to:  The  Canadian  Amateur 
Radio  Teletype  Group  VE3RTT,  85 
Fifeshire  Road,  Willowdale,  Ontario 
M2L2G9,  Canada, 


Oscar  Orbits 


□scar  7  Orbital  Intimation 

iV.i::ii 

5  Orbital  LiifotmatiDJi 

Orbit 

Oat! 

Time 

Longitude 

Orbit 

Date 

Time 

Longitude 

lApr) 

(GMT) 

of  Eq. 
Crossmg  JW 

(Aprl 

IGN1T} 

of  £q. 
Crossing  1 

1G8S6A 

1 

0052;  45 

65.S 

NA 

20391  BTN 

1 

0122:45 

80,3 

10379B 

2 

0147:02 

795 

N 

20403 

2 

0022:41 

65.8 

10891  A 

3 

Q046;23 

64.3 

HA 

2041 S  BTN 

3 

0117:37 

79,5 

10904  BQ 

4 

0140:40 

77.9 

N 

20428 

4 

0017:33 

64.5 

10916  A 

5 

0040  00 

626 

MA 

20441  6TN 

5 

011228 

78,3 

10929  ex 

6 

0134:17 

76.3 

NA 

20453  BTN 

6 

0012:24 

63.3 

10941  A 

7 

0033:38 

61.2 

N 

2046S 

7 

0107:20 

77.0 

10954  B 

8 

0127:55 

74.8 

NA 

20475  BTN 

8 

0007:16 

62.0 

10966  A 

9 

0027 ;t  6 

59,6 

N 

2049  T 

9 

0102:11 

75.8 

1O079B 

10 

0121;33 

73.2 

NA 

20503  BTN 

10 

0002:07 

60,8 

T0991  A 

11 

0020;  53 

58,0 

N 

205 16 

11 

0057:03 

74,5 

11004  B 

12 

0115:10 

71.6 

NA 

20529 

12 

0151:59 

88.3 

11016  AX 

13 

0014:31 

56.5 

NA 

20541  BTN 

13 

0051  55 

733 

11029B 

14 

0108:48 

70.0 

N 

20554 

14 

0146-50 

B7.0 

11041  A 

15 

0008;  0B 

54,9 

NA 

20566  BTN 

15 

0046:46 

72.0 

11Q54B 

16 

0102;26 

68.5 

N 

20579 

16 

0141:42 

85.6 

11066  A 

17 

0001 :46 

53.3 

NA 

20591  STN 

17 

0041:33 

7D.S 

1107$  SO 

IS 

005603 

56.9 

N 

20604 

IB 

0136:34 

84.5 

11092  A 

IB 

0150:21 

60.5 

NA 

2061 6  BTN 

19 

0036:30 

69.5 

11104  BX 

20 

0049:41 

65.3 

NA 

20629  BTN 

20 

0131 ;25 

83.3 

1T117A 

21 

0143:56 

78.9 

N 

20641 

21 

0031:21 

68.3 

11  1 29  B 

22 

0043:19 

63.7 

NA 

20654  BTN 

22 

0126:17 

82,0 

1 1 1 42  A 

23 

0137:36 

77,3 

N 

206S6 

23 

0026:13 

67.0 

11154  B 

24 

0036:56 

62.2 

NA 

20679  BTN 

24 

0121:00 

111S7A 

25 

0131:13 

75.7 

N 

20691 

25 

002105 

65.8 

1 1 1 79  B 

26 

0030:34 

60.6 

NA 

20704  BTN 

26 

0116:00 

79.5 

111£2  AX 

27 

0124:51 

74.2 

NA 

2071GBTN 

27 

0015:56 

64.6 

11204B 

23 

0024:12 

59.0 

N 

20729 

28 

0110:62 

76.3 

11217  A 

29 

0TT&;  29 

72.6 

NA 

20741  BTN 

29 

0010:43 

83.3 

1 1 229  B 

30 

0017:49 

57.4 

N 

20754 

30 

0105'43 

77.1 

w 


The  listed  data  tells  you  the  time  and  place  OSCAR  crosses  the  equator  in  an 
ascending  orbit  for  the  first  time  each  day.  To  calculate  successive  orbits,  make 
a  list  of  the  first  orbit  number  and  the  next  twelve  orbits  for  that  day.  List  the 
time  of  the  first  orbit,  Each  successive  orbit  is  115  minutes  later  (two  hours  less 
five  minutes)*  The  chart  gives  the  longitude  of  the  first  crossing.  Add  2ET  for 
each  succeeding  orbit.  When  OSCAR  is  ascending  on  the  other  side  of  the 
world,  it  will  descend  over  you,  To  find  the  equatorial  descending  longitude, 
subtract  166  degrees  from  the  ascending  longitude.  To  find  the  time  it  passes 
the  north  pole,  add  29  minutes  to  the  time  it  passes  the  equator.  You  should  be 
abie  to  hear  OSCAR  when  it  is  within  45  degrees  of  you.  The  easiest  way  to  do 
this  is  to  take  a  globe  and  draw  a  cirde  with  a  radius  of  2430  miles  (4000 
kilometers)  from  the  home  GTH.  If  it  passes  right  overhead,  you  should  be  able 
to  hear  it  for  about  24  minutes  total  OSCAR  will  pass  an  imaginary  line  drawn 
from  San  Francisco  to  Norfolk  about  12  minutes  after  passing  the  equator. 
Add  about  a  minute  for  each  200  miles  that  you  live  north  of  this  line.  If 
OSCAR  passes  15  degrees  from  you,  add  another  minute;  at  30  degrees,  three 
minutes;  at  45  degrees,  ten  minutes. 


OSCAR      6:       Input 
145.9Cr- 146,00    MHz;    Output 
29.45-29.55   MHz;   Telemetry 
beacon  at  29.45  MHz. 
OSCAR    7    Mode    A:     Input 


145.85-145,95    MHz;    Output 
29,40-29,50  MHz, 
Mode       B:        Input 
432.125-432.175    MHz;   Out- 
put 145.925-145.975  MHz, 


Orbits  designated  "X"  are  closed  to  generai  use,  "ED"  are  for  educational 
use.  "BTN"  orbits  contain  news  butletins.  J*G"  orbits  have  a  ten  Watt  erp  limit. 
J'L"  indicates  link  orbit.  "N"  or  "S"  indicates  that  Oscar  6  is  available  only  on 
northbound  or  southbound  passes.  Satellites  are  not  available  to  users  on  "NA" 

days. 


29 


visiting  views  from  around  the  globe 


from  page  73 

and  the  word  "stroke,"  few  portable 
and  mobile.  The  English  phonetics  are 
widely  used.  Those  who  speak  English 
obviously  work  twenty  meters  a  lot 
Europeans  work  all  bands,  except  6 
meters.  That  Is  reserved  for  commer- 
cial and  public  service  use.  In  Ger- 
many and  Austria,  there  is  no  FCC, 
All  communications  are  controlled  by 
the  Postal  Depart  mem  {heaver  forbid 
it  here!).  The  Postal  Department  not 
only  monitors  the  ham  bands,  but  it 
transmits  on  them,  too,  One  afternoon 
in  Frankfurt,  I  gave  a  call  and  received 
no  immediate  answer.  Thirty  seconds 
later,  a  booming  voice  came  over  the 
repeater  saying,  "Where  are  you  lo- 
cated, W8WLQ7"  He  gave  no  la  I 
gave  my  location  in  Frankfurt,  and  he 
said  "Thank  you/'  I  heard  the  Ger- 
mans buzzing  about  how  the  Post  and 
Telegraph  Director  was  on  the  re- 
peater frequency.  I  was  told  by  a  ham 
in  Vienna  that  their  FCC  monitors 
commercial  stations  for  entertainment 
and  hams  for  laughs, 

Autopatch  is  forbidden  in  Germany 
and  Austria.  The  telephone  companies 
would  lose  the  revenue,  in  Germany, 
most  communications  are  run  by  the 
government  Ham  licenses  cost  mom 
in  Germany  and  run  for  only  a  year. 
The  cost  of  a  visiting  license  in  Ger- 
many is  about  $5,85;  it  is  valid  for 
three  months  and  cannot  be  renewed. 
The  ARRL  will  supply  all  the  neces- 
sary information  for  applying  for  one, 
I  would  like  to  commend  the  German 
government;  as  they  are  quite  helpful 
and  expedient  in  processing  licenses 
for  visiting  hams.  When  you  receive 
your  license,  you  are  also  supplied 
with  a  book  of  rules  and  regulations 
written  in  English. 

If  you  travel  by  train  in  Germany 
and  Austria,  you  will  find  them  to  be 
very  efficient.  They  are  always  on 
time,  and  speed  across  the  countryside 
at  50  to  100  miles  per  hour.  They  also 
use  overhead  wires  in  tfte  city  and 
suburban  areas.  If  you  are  "train 
mobile"  like  I  was,  the  overhead  wires 
can  make  it  difficult  for  you  to  hit  the 
repeaters.  The  express  trains  only  stop 
for  one  minute  to  toad  and  unload 
passengers  and  mail,  except  at  the 
border.  At  the  border,  you  have  six 
minutes  to  get  off  the  train  and 
exchange    your   currency.    This    is  a 


must  if  you  expect  to  use  the  diner. 
The  currency  and  menus  change  in  the 
diner,  when  you  cross  the  border. 
First  class  is  the  only  way  to  go  (by 
train)  in  Europe.  Only  first  class  can 
sit  in  the  diner.  The  compartments  are 
large  and  air  conditioned.  The  regular 
class  cars  are  crowded,  warm,  and  the 
seats  are  hard.  You  can  work  "train 
mobile"  and  it  is  fun.  Contacts  don't 
last  too  long,  because  of  the  speed  of 
the  train.  The  repeaters  I  worked  from 
the  train  included  Nurnburg,  Regens- 
burg,  Passau,  Linz,  and  Wels.  For 
information  purposes,  the  two  crystal 
pairs  I  used  while  in  Europe  were 
14S.1S  in,  145.75  out  and  145*20  in, 
145.80  out.  One  contact  on  the  train 
that  1  had  was  in  Austria  and  the  train 
went  right  by  the  other  station's 
house.  I  never  did  figure  out  which 
house  it  was.  nut  he  saw  the  train.  A 
V;  wave  whip  came  in  handy,  both  on 
the  train  and  in  the  cities.  It  gave  me  a 
tittle  extra  rf  when  I  needed  it 

Vienna 

Vienna  is  a  beautiful  and  old  city, 
its  people  are  friendly  and  fun -loving. 
The  food  and  beer  are  excellent.  The 
streetcar  is  the  KING  of  transporta 
tion,  but  Mercedes  taxis  are  plentiful 
and  inexpensive.  Vienna  is  my  favorite 
city  in  Europe.  I  arrived  four  days 
earlier  in  Vienna  than  expected  and 
this  caused  considerable  trouble. 
Hotel  rooms  are  at  a  premium  in  July 
and  August  and  I  found  that  renting  a 
room  without  reservations  would  cost 
me  up  to  S40  a  day.  This  was  out  of 
the  question  with  my  budget.  A  taxi 
driver  and  a  very  pleasant  lady  passen- 
ger located  a  room  for  me  near  the 
inner  city.  1  stayed  at  the  Hotel- 
Pension  Schneider  for  two  days, 
during  which  time  I  was  able  to 
extend  my  previously  made  reserva- 
tions for  §6  a  day. 

Should  you  ever  go  to  Vienna,  I 
would  like  to  recommend  tours  to  the 
palaces,  the  inner  city  tour  by  horse 
and  buggy,  and  a  visit  to  the  Prater 
amusement  park.  In  the  Prater,  you 
will  find,  along  with  the  circus  atmo- 
sphere, outdoor  restaurants,  beer 
gardens,  and  a  beautiful  park*  There  is 
one  beer  garden  m  the  Prater  that 
holds  over  a  thousand  people,  gallon 
glasses  of  beer,  a  floor  show,  and  a 
German  band.  When  the  band  isn't 
playing,  the  lights  are  turned  down. 


and  a  waterfall  with  changing  patterns 
and  colored  lights  is  exhibited,  A  little 
old  lady  passes  through  the  crowd 
hawking  white  rosette  radishes,  alpine 
hats,  and  colorful  flowers.  One  of  the 
exciting  landmarks  in  Vienna  is  the 
Dunube  Tower,  On  top  of  the  spire  is 
a  wonderful  restaurant  which  gives  a 
fine  choice  of  gourmet  food.  While 
eating,  you  are  overlooking  the  en  tin? 
city  of  Vienna.  At  night,  the  lights 
below  look  like  thousands  of  stars 
twinkling  away  in  the  distance.  For 
those  with  a  sweet  tooth,  the  pastry 
shops  are  Utopias. 

When  I  arrived  at  the  ban  ho  f,  I  had 
already  been  listening  to  the  Vienna 
repeater.  I  didn't  contact  anyone  on  it 
till  later.  Once  in  my  hotel  room.  I 
ordered  a  cold  drink  and  "ker 
chunked"  the  repeater,  I  received  a 
call  from  Peter  OETSP.  He  spoke 
English  and  I  later  found  out  he  had 
spent  two  years  or  so  in  North  Car- 
olina. Peter  was  very  helpful  to  me 
while  l  was  in  Vienna.  Fred  OE  IBM  A 
was    another     English-speaking    ham 

with  whom  I  had  several  contacts. 

The  repeater  in  Vienna  was  a  simple 
one.  It  was  an  old  taxi  radio,  with  two 
vertical  half  wave  antennas  and  no 
d  up  lexer,  which  caused  periodic 
trouble.  Pigeon  deposits  have  to  be 
cleaned  off  of  the  antennas  period- 
ically to  insure  good  radiation. 

As  my  trip  to  Vienna  was  to  attend 
a  magic  convention,  my  ham  activities 
were  confined  to  talking  on  the  re- 
peater But  Peter  OE1SP  invited  me  to 
a  Liars  Club  one  evening.  The 
Viennese  version  of  the  coffee  k latch 
took  place  in  a  beer  garden.  I  believe 
the  name  to  be  The  Green  Lantern.  It 
started  at  1700  and  was  still  going  on 
at  1930,  when  I  left.  It  was  an 
informal  get-together,  with  about  15 
or  16  hams  attending.  Two  or  three  of 
the  hams  spoke  English  and  I  tried  to 
sHeak  to  the  others  in  my  broken 
German,  My  Austrian  friends  were 
Impressed  by  some  of  the  features  on 
my  Wilson  HT,  In  Europe,  the  Ken 
and  Standard  are  sold  to  the  amateurs, 
not  the  Wilson,  The  Ken  is  somewhat 
smaller  and  does  not  have  a  separate 
microphone.  It  also  lacks  the  auxiliary 
plug  on  top.  Peter  OE1SP  told  me  the 
Wilson  is  approved  for  police  use  in 
Austria,  whereas  the  Ken  is  not.  I 
passed  out  some  bicentennial  QSL 
cards,  drank  a  couple  cups  of  espresso 
coffee,  and  caught  a  cab  back  to  the 
hotel 

The  next  day  I  received  a  call  on 
the  repeater  from  another  Viennese 
ham.  I  came  back  to  him,  and  he 
asked  that  I  only  speak  English.  Some- 
time later,  I  learned  that  our  O SO  had 
been  recorded  and  was  to  be  played 


over  an  international  short  wave  sta- 
tion. It  would  be  beamed  toward 
English-speaking  countries-  A  very 
nice  gesture  on  behalf  of  the  Austrian 
government 

In  Austria,  there  are  about  1200 
licensed    amateurs:    YLs   get    special 
calls,  beginning  with  OE1Y,  You  must 
have  a  permit  to  buy  radio  equipment 
as  well  as  a  license.  It  is  necessary  to 
have  a  license  to  own  a  TV  set  or  a 
regular  radio,  These  are  paid  for  by 
the  year.  I  checked  a  radio  shop  in  the 
center  of  Vienna,  and  found  that  the 
TS-520  in  the  window  cost  $995.  I 
saw  a  couple  of  used  pieces  of  Heath 
equipment  and  some  two  meter  rigs. 
No  place  to  look  for  bargain  prices. 
Licenses    are    issued    in    Austria   ac- 
cording to  power:  Class  A  -  25  Watts, 
Class  B  -  50  Wans,  Class  C  -  100 
Watts,   and    Class    D    -    250  Watts. 
Power  is  based  on  the  plate  dissipation 
of  the  final  tubes.  Non-code  license 
are  issued  for  2  meter  use.  Licenses 
are   issued   to   visiting  amateurs  at  a 
cost  of  a  S1   per  month.  You  must 
have  a  license  for  each  one  of  the  5 
states  in  Austria  m  which  you  intend 
to  operate  your  station.  In  Germany, 
one  license  applies  for  all  of  Germany, 
If  you  hear  music  being  broadcast  on 
ham    radio     in     Austria,    don't    be 
alarmed;  it's  legal.  It  can  be  used  for 
testing  purposes.  Repeater  IDs  are  set 
at  high  speeds.   This  is  requested  by 
repeater   club   members,    simply    be- 
cause it  interferes  with  their  conversa 
tion.  There  are  few  timers  and  they 
are  extra  long.  This  is  because,  once 
atpin,  the  members  resent  timers.  Re* 
peater  dues  in  Vienna  are  ST 5  a  year. 
The  Vienna  Liars  Club  meets  Tuesday 
night,  and  the  regular  club  meeting  is 
Thursday  night,  Repeater  frequencies 
for  two  meters  are  ft  10  to  H19,  R10 
is  145,00  in  and  145,600  out,  The 
inputs  start  ax  1 45.00  and  go  up  every 
25   kHz,   Outputs  are   600   kHz   up. 
Simplex     frequencies    are     145.500, 
145.525,  145.550,  and  145,575,  The 
145.500  is  the  most  commonly  used 
one.  For  anyone  wanting  to  apply  for 
licenses  for   use  overseas,  or  in  any 
foreign  country,  it  is  best  to  write  the 
ARRL.  They  will  supply  free  all  the 
latest  requirements, 

With  all  respect  to  the  Austrian*, 
the  Gummi-Wurst  {rubber  sausage)  is 
better  described  in  the  English  lan- 
guage as  a  rubber  duck,  Hope  you 
enjoyed  the  trip,  and  perhaps  some- 
day you  will  operate  portable  0  L,  GE, 
or  even  UA. 

Les  Mitchell  WBWLQ 
Lansing  Ml 

Reprinted  from  The  Scope,  bulletin  of 
the    Centra/   Michigan  AHC,  Lansing 

frfi* 


Micro  Future 


Purchases  of  computers  and  related 
products  for  home  use  witl  increase  at 
an  average  37-2%  annual  rate  for  the 
period  1976-1981,  according  to  a 
recent  study  completed  by  Venture 
Development  Corp.,  vVeHesley  MA. 
The  study ,  "The  Home  Computer," 
represents  over  seven  months  of  ef- 
fort, during  which  time  VDC  queried 
hundreds  of  users,  manufacturers, 
retail  stores,  and  hobby  groups, 

The  study  reveals  that  not  all  com- 


outers  used  in  the  home  are  so-called 
"hobby  computers,"  but  that  some 
are  industrial  single-board  prototyping 
systems  adapted  to  that  purpose.  This 
year,  for  example.  22.5%  of  the 
24,164  computers  purchased  for 
home  use  will  be  supplied  by  such 
established  *Jn  on-  hobby"  manufac- 
turers as  Intel,  National  Semicon- 
ductor, Texas  Instruments,  Intersil, 
and  MOS  Technology.  Conversely, 
one    third    of    the    total    computers 


30 


Sunday  morning,  January  30,  1977, 
several  radio  amateurs  throughout  the 
southern  U.S.  were  galvanized  into 
action  by  a  distress  message  that 
eventually  was  found  to  be  false, 
Before  it  became  clear  that  the  mes- 
sage was  a  hoax,  many  amateurs  had 
become  involved  in  relaying  related 
traffic,  and  the  U.S.  Coast  Guard  had 
initiated  an  air  search. 

At  about  9:45  am  CDT,  amateur 
radio  station  WB5LTP/MM2,  aboard  a 
vessel  located  about  100  miles  south 
of  Mew  Orleans  LA,  reported  he  had 
copied  the  following  message;  'The 
motor  vessel  The  Calypso  is  sinking 
off  the  Texas  coast  between  Port 
O'Connor  and  Freeport,  Texas*  Lo- 
cated at  about  96  degrees  west,  vessel 
is  of  332  tons,  138  feet  length,  twin 
screw,  radio  call  is  FOAE/' 
WB5LTP/MM2,  the  first  radio  ama- 
teur to  retransmit  this  message  on 
7229  kHz,  relayed  its  content  to  other 
amateurs. 

The  original  message  was  trans- 
mitted by  an  unknown  source  on 
7254  kHz,  a  frequency  also  assigned 
to  the  amateur  radio  service.  It  was 
received  on  the  east  coast  <  and  also  by 


Calypso  SOS 


an  amateur  operator  in  Colorado.  In 
very  short  order  the  message  was 
relayed  to  the  Eighth  Coast  Guard 
Headquarters.  New  Orleans  LA.  On 
instructions  from  this  office,  an  im- 
mediate air  search  was  begun  of  the 
area,  Advisories  were  transmitted  to 
marine  traffic  to  keep  a  sharp  lookout 
for  survivors  or  evidence  of  the 
disaster. 

As  a  matter  of  fact.  The  Calypso. 
the  famous  oceanographtc  ship  of 
Jacques  Cousteau,  was  nowhere  in  the 
vicinity;  it  was  safe  and  sound,  thou- 
sands of  miles  away.  Cousteau  him- 
self, however,  was  in  the  Gulf  Coast 
area,  diving  to  study  and  film  under- 
water life  in  the  vicinity  of  offshore 


oil  drilling  platforms. 

Although  many  amateurs  were 
chagrined  at  having  been  duped.  Coast 
Guard  reaction  was  one  of  satisfac- 
tion. LL  L,  H,  Smith,  Public  Affairs 
Officer,  U.S.  Coast  Guard  Air  Station, 
Corpus  Christi,  Texas,  advised  that 
this  was  the  first  time  in  his  experi- 
ence that  a  hoax  distress  message  had 
originated  on  an  amateur  frequency. 
Lt.  Smith  remarked,  "Had  this  situa- 
tion been  a  true  distress*  the  hams 
involved  would  have  been  commended 
for  the  detailed  information  passed  to 
the  Coast  Guard/' 

Of  the  several  Coast  Guard  officials 
contacted  during  and  after  this  unfor- 
tunate   incident,    none    criticized    or 


GOLDEN  ROAD  KIT 

ALL  YOU  NEED 

TO  BECOME 

A  HAM 

seepage  199 


blamed  the  radio  amateurs  involved. 
In  fact,  they  expressed  surprise  at  the 
accuracy  and  consistency  of  the  mes- 
sage input  arriving  from  stations 
located  throughout  the  southern 
United  States,  One  Coast  Guard  offi- 
cer remarked,  "I  was  so  impressed 
with  it  all  that  I  may  just  become  an 
amateur  radio  operator  myself!" 

Bill  Edwards  K5CN 

Nerval  Sommers  W5JOK 

Corpus  Christi  TX 


Hoodwinked? 


'*\ 


'We  are  aware  of  no  compelling 
reason  whv  amateurs  wishing  to 
operate  repeater,  auxiliary,  control,  or 
remotely  controlled  stations  should  be 
continued  to  require  the  obtaining  of 
Commission  permission  before  begin- 
ning such  operation,  as  they  have  in 
the  past.  For  this  reason,  we  propose 
to  delete  those  provisions  «  .  .  re- 
quiring that  licensees  obtain  prior 
approval  of  the  Commission  to 
operate  a  remotely  controlled  station 
and  requiring  that  repeater  stations, 
control  stations,  and  auxiliary  link 
stations  be  separately  licensed.  We 
would  discontinue  the  issuance  of 
station  licenses  with  'combined* 
station  privileges:  AH  amateur  station 
licenses  would  convey  authority  to 
operate  as  repeater,  control,  auxiliary 
link,  and  remotely  controlled  stations 
now  operate/'  That's  a  quote  from 
the  Notice  of  Proposed  Rule  Making, 
dated  January  6,  1 977. 

Editorials  should  be  short  and  to 


the  point  ...  so  here  goes,  The  radio 
amateur  is  proud  of  his  hobby  and  his 
ability  to  regulate  himself.  Here's 
hoping  the  Federal  Communications 
Commission  isn't  being  "hood- 
winked" into  believing  Et  can  shirk 
some  of  its  own  responsibility;  that  of 
helping  us  help  ourselves.  Repeater 
councils  have  been  and  are  doing  an 
excellent  job  of  coordinating.  It  is  still 
relatively  simple  to  obtain  repeater 
authorization,  when  and  where  it  is 
needed.  Let  us  not  deregulate  what 
might  need  more  regulation  in  the 
future.  Instead,  let  us  demonstrate  to 
prospective  hams  that  we  can  operate 
under  an  existing  set  of  responsible 
regulations. 

Chris  Roberts  WB9WXL 
Ft.  Wayne  IN 

Reprinted  from  The  State  of  the 
'Arts,  publication  of  the  Allen  County 
Amateur  Radio  Technical  Society, 
Inc.,  Fort  Wayne  IN,  February,  1977. 


Rig  Service 


1+  Approach  the  ailing  equipment 
In  a  confident  manner.  This  will  give 
the  instrument  the  (often  mistaken) 
idea  that  you  know  something.  This 
will  also  impress  anyone  who  happens 
to  be  looking,  and  if  the  equipment 
should  suddenly  begin  working,  you 
will  be  credited  with  the  repair.  If  this 
step  fails,  proceed  to  Step  2< 

2.  Wave  the  Handbook  at  the 
instrument,  This  will  make  the  equip- 
ment assume  that  you  are  at  least 
somewhat  familiar  with  the  sources  of 
knowledge.  Should  this  step  fail,  pro- 
ceed to  3. 

3.  In  a  forcible  manner,  recite 
Ohm's  Law  to  the  instrument.  (Before 
taking  this  step,  refer  to  some  reliable 
handbook  and  be  sure  of  your  knowl- 
edge of  Ohm's  Law.)  This  will  prove 
to  the  equipment  beyond  a  shadow  of 
a  doubt  that  you  do  know  something, 
This  is  a  drastic  step  and  should  be 
attempted  only  after  the  first  two 
steps, 


4t  Jar  the  equipment  slightly.  This 
may  require  anything  from  a  three  to 
a  six  foot  drop,  preferably  on  a 
concrete  floor.  However,  you  must  be 
careful  with  this  step  because,  while 
jarring  is  an  approved  method  of 
repair,  we  must  not  mar  the  floor, 
Again,  this  is  a  drastic  step,  but  if  it 
fails,  there  is  nothing  to  do  but  to 
move  to  step  5. 

5.  Add  a  tube,  resistor,  or  capaci- 
tor. This  will  prove  to  the  instrument 
that  you  are  familiar  with  instrument 
design.  Also,  this  step  will  give  the 
piece  of  equipment  an  added  load  to 
carry  and  will  thereby  increase  your 
advantage.  If  these  five  steps  fail  to 
work,  you  must  proceed  to  the  most 
drastic  step  of  ail.  Seldom  needed,  it  is 
to  be  used  only  as  a  last  resort  I 

6,  THINK. 

Reprinted  from  Squelch  Tail,  bulletin 
of  the  Arizona  Repeater  Association. 


produced  this  year  by  MITS,  Inc.  and 
IMS  Manufacturing  Corp.,  currently 
the  two  largest  hobby  computer  sup- 
pliers, will  be  sold  for  non-home  use, 
although  the  remaining  two- thirds  will 
acount  for  40.7%  of  the  home  mam 
frame  market. 

The  VDC  study  analyzed  hobbyists 
and  their  applications,  finding  that 
less  than  one-half  of  all  self  -described 
computer  hobbyists  own  computers, 
and  that  over  70%  of  owners  use  their 


systems  for  games.  System  utilization 
for  this  application  is  currently  32.8%. 
VDC's  analysis  of  distribution  pat- 
terns revealed  that  61.6%  of  home/ 
hobby  computer  safes  in  1977  will  be 
made  by  computer  stores.  Over  the 
1976-1981  period,  computer  store 
sales  of  computers  for  home  use  will 
increase  at  an  average  47.8%  annual 
rate  in  terms  of  units,  and  at  an 
average  46,3%  rate  in  terms  of 
revenues.    Purchases    by    com  mere  ial 


users  will  account  for  an  increasing 
percentage  of  total  retail  sales  over 
this  period. 

Revenues  from  home/hobby  com- 
puter submarkets  (main  memory, 
peripherals,  software,  miscellaneous 
products)  will  increase  less  rapidly 
than  mainframe  revenues  between 
1976  and  1981,  with  mainframe 
revenues  showing  an  average  annual 
increase  of  42.5%.  and  sub  market 
revenues  growing  at  an  average  35.1% 


annual  rate.  Software  will  represent 
the  fastest-growing  sub  market,  aver- 
aging 81%  year  growth  through  1981. 
Among  the  standard  peripherals  pur- 
chased for  use  by  hobbyists, 
floppy  disks  will  exhibit  fastest 
growth,  rising  83%  annually  in  terms 
of  units. 

Venture  Development  Corp. 

One  Washington  Street 

WeMestey  MA  02181 


31 


Briefs 


from  page  9 

times.  A  controversy  arose  early  in 
February  after  a  New  Hampshire  mo 
torisi  was  ticketed  and  fined  by  a 
Massachusetts  State  Trooper  A 
Boston  area  leg  is  tat  or  is  mounting  a 
drive  to  have  the  bill  repealed.  Mass- 
achusens  is  well  known  for  a  large 
nurobef  of  strange  laws  that  have 
never  been  taken  off  the  books.  Keep- 
ing both  hands  on  the  wheel  at  all 
times  makes  it  difficult  to  do  things 
tike  turning  on  headlights  or  even 
shifting. 


High  power  rf  energy  at  1 3.56  MHz 
is  the  basis  of  a  new  type  of  cancer 
therapy  that  is  achieving  a  high  degree 
of  success  at  several  hospitals  through 
out  the  United  States.  The  therapy  is 
based  on  the  fact  that  blood  ftow 
through  a  cancer  area  is  drastically 
decreased  because  the  explosive 
growth  of  a  tumor  pinches  the  vessels 
shut. 

Doctors  use  an  rf  generator  with  an 
output  of  1000  Watts  at  13.56  MHz, 
the  lowest  frequency  approved  for 
medical  use  by  the  FCC.  The  rf  is 
transmitted  from  an  amplifier  to  an 
impedance  matching  circuit  via 
coaxial  cable  that  is  connected  to 
electrodes  in  the  tumor  area. 

When  the  rf  is  applied  to  the 
electrodes,  immediate  heating  of  lis 
sue  takes  place.  In  normal  non-cancer 
ous  tissue,  the  normal  flow  of  blood 
cools  the  area  so  that  no  damage  is 
done.  However,  with  the  constricted 
blood  vessels  of  a  cancer  tumor 
limiting  btood  flow,  that  area  is 
heated  above  the  temperature  at 
which  the  cancer  cells  ere  destroyed 

Of  21  patients  treated  so  far,  all 
were  cured  by  the  technique.  Doctors 
are  encouraged  and  plan  to  use  the  rf 
treatment  mainly  in  areas  where  it  is 
difficult  or  Impossible  to  operate. 
Reprinted  from  the  Journal  of  the 
American  Medical  Association. 


What  is  the  status  of  the  two  rf 
interference  bills  which  are  pending 
before  Congress?  According  to  Sen 
ator  Barry  Goldwater  K7UGA,  they 
may  be  in  trouble.  In  a  letter  to  an 
unidentified  member  of  the  Arizona 
Repeater  Association,  Goldwater 
writes: 

"To  put  it  as  bluntly  to  you  as  t 
can,  so  you  can  pass  it  on  to  your 
readers,  that  fabulous  affair  we  call 
politics  has  gotten  into  the  matter  of 
the  two  bills  you  have  written  to  me 
about, 

"The  electronics  industry  in  this 
country  is  a  very  large  one  and  U  isn't 
about  to  want  to  spend  another  doNar 
or  two  to  make  a  receiver  or  a  TV  set 
immune    to   other   frequencies.    The 


industry  has  been  working  hard  on  the 
committees  and  I  can  assure  you  that 
I  will  continue  to  work  hard  on  this.  I 
really  think  that  as  the  people  begin 
to  understand  rt  as  organized  labor 
already  has,  we  are  going  to  get  this 
passed  either  this  year  or  probably 
ne*t  year/'  Tnx  to  Arizona  Squelch 
Tail. 


Attorneys  for  Offshore  Navigation 
incorporated,  a  New  Orleans  based 
radio  navigation  service  with  a  sub- 
sidiary in  Canada,  have  informed  the 
Canadian  Department  of  Communi 
cations  of  their  disagreement  with  a 
WARC  proposal  by  the  Canadian 
Radio  Relay  League  that  4 20 -450 
MHz  be  exclusively  allocated  to 
amateur  service* 

In  the  letter,  the  attorneys  confirm 
that  up  to  the  present  time,  radio- 
location operations  in  the  band  have 
been  minimal  They  add  that  the 
situation  is  in  the  process  of  change 
and  that  they  anticipate  the  band  wit! 
be  heavily  used  for  radiolocation  in 
the  near  future  due  to  comprehensive 
development  of  new  equipment  for 
use  in  this  band.  The  equipment 
would  replace  current  SHQRAN 
equipment,  which  is  20  30  years  old 
and  of  tube  design.  They  point  out 
that  development  work  has  been  in 
proyess  for  more  than  two  years, 
with  a  prototype  system  under  test 
lor  over  a  year.  Delivery  of  additional 
systems  is  planned  foe  the  near  future. 

In  conclusion,  the  letter  urges  the 
Department  to  maintain  the  provision 
for  radiolocation  in  the  420-450  MHz 
band.  There  was  no  immediate 
comment  from  the  Canadian  Radio 
Relay  League. 


A  letter  from  the  Canadian  Radio 
Technical  Planning  Board  to  John  Van 
Oer  Ryd  VE3CYC  has  taken  issue 
with  Van  Der  Ryd's  letter  on  page  9 
of  the  January  issue  of  73.  In  the 
tetter.  Van  Der  Ryd  claimed  that  at  a 
meeting  fast  Fall  between  the  Canadian 
Radio  Television  Planning  Board  and 
the  DOC  in  Ottawa,  a  discussion  to 
rearrange  frequencies  between  406 
and  960  MHz  included  a  suggestion  to 
take  the  440-450  MHz  band  away 
from  amateurs. 

Bud  Punchard  VE3UD,  Chairman 
of  the  ad  hoc  committee  on  the 
band,  replied  that  the  committee  has 
recommended  that  amateur  bands  in 
chat  band  remain  unchanged, 
Punchard  added  that  the  group  is 
working  hard  to  save  bands  for  ama- 
teur use. 


The  Amateur  Radio  News  Service 
has  announced  the  rules  for  its  1977 
annual  contest  The  contest  is  aimed 


at  promoting  amateur  radio  journalism 
in  club  publications  of  various  sizes, 
Club  bulletin  and  newsletter  editors 
are  urged  to  send  three  different  issues 
of  their  publications  from  the  year 
1976  to  the  three  judges  listed  be  tow. 
The  deadline  is  April  15th,  according 
to  ARNS  spokesman  Norm  Monro. 
There  are  six  categories  in  the  com- 
petton:  Class  A  [for  publications  sub- 
sidized in  part  by  outside  interests), 
and  Class  B  (for  publications  pro- 
duced solefy  through  the  resources  of 
a  club  or  organization! .  each  further 
broken  down  into  three  divisions, 
depending  on  circulation,  in  multiples 
of  50  or  more.  Three  copies  must  be 
mailed  to  each  judge:  Norm  Monro 
K4FRY,  215  Brindly  St.,  Gadsden  AL 
35901;  Phil  Sager  WB4FDT,  3877  N. 
Abingdon,  Arlington  VA  22207;  and 
Lee  Knirko  W9MQL,  222  S>  Riverside 
Plaze  #2400,  Chicago  I L  60606.  Each 
entry  must  be  accompanied  by  an 
official  class  of  entry,  the  name  and 
address  of  the  editor,  and  the  publica- 
tion's average  monthly  readership. 


According  to  the  West  Coast  DX 
Bulletin,  tt  appears  that  Yugoslavia 
has  moved  to  give  their  amateurs 
privileges  in  the  160  meter  band. 
YU1PCF  was  worked  on  the  band 
recently  and  another  Yugoslavian 
amateur,  YU3EY,  is  also  active.  First 
reports  are  that  their  160  band  is  only 
10  kHz  wide  with  activity  recently 
heard  on  1830  kHz. 


The  phenomenal  success  and 
growth  of  the  "Sidewinders  on  Two/' 
a  two  meter  SSB  group  headquartered 
in  Fort  Worth  TX,  has  created  a 
money  problem.  In  the  past*  an  an- 
nual $2.00  fee  was  sufficient  to  mail 
club  bulletins  to  all  members.  The 
February  bulletin  of  the  group,  how- 
ever, lists  366  members,  making  it 
necessary  to  charge  for  postage.  Mow 
a  £5,00  fee  will  cover  both  member- 
ship and  a  subscription  to  the  bulletin. 
Those  who  wish  membership  only  can 
still  join  for  S2.00, 

More  information  is  available  from 
Sidewinders  on  Two,  1704  Glenn 
Drive,  Fort  Worth  TX  76131, 


Western  Airlines  Captain  Carl  Smith 
W0BWJ  earned  a  "good  guy"  award 
from  the  mayor  of  Honolulu  HI  re- 
cently after  making  a  perfect  two- 
point  landing  of  his  707  at  the 
Honolulu  airport  in  January.  The 
landing  was  made  necessary  after  the 
nose  gear  of  the  airplane  failed  to 
extend  after  repeated  attempts.  In  the 
true  tradition  of  amateur  radio  oper- 
ators. Smith  handled  the  situation 
coolly  and  professionally  and  said  it 
was  *fnot  an  adrenalin  Situation."  He 
refused  an  offer  of  foam  being  spread 
on  the  runway  and  landed  the  big  jet 
perfectly  on  two  sets  of  wheels, 
taxiing  for  some  distance  before  drop- 
ping the  nose.  No  one  was  injured. 


Hv4AM    IWtrtur. 


i  :r  tm 


He  Mode  the  Best  of  on  Emergency  Situation 


Safe  Landing  Earns  Pilot  a  'Good  Guy' Award 


Over  the  years,  the  Collins  KWM  2 
and  KWM-2A  single  sideband  trans- 
ceivers have  undergone  a  number  of 
modifications,  some  of  which  were 
made  during  the  period  the  unit  was 
used  in  military  service, 

Available  through  Military  Affili- 
ated Radio  Service  (MARS)  libraries* 
and  the  Government  Printing  Office, 
is  an  Air  Force  Technical  Manual  that 
lists  over  50  modifications  to  the 
KWM-2/KWM-2A,  alor^  with  ex- 
panded, fold-out  diagrams  of  the  cir- 
cuitry, which  are  a  great  improvement 
over  the  amateur-style  instruction 
manual. 

The  title  of  this  technical  manual 
(TO-31  R2-4T83-3I  is:  KWM-2A 
Transceiver,  tt  also  covers  changes  to 
the  30L-1  and  305-1  rf  amplifiers, 

A  second  technical  manual  of  inter- 
est to  KWM-2/KWM2A  owners  is 
T031  R2-4- 1832,   entitled   Technical 

Manual  {Service}  KWM-2A  Trans- 
ceiver. It  also  covers  the  previously 
mentioned  amplifiers.  This  publica- 
tion provides  detailed  alignment  in- 
structions for  the  transceiver  and 
linear  amplifiers.  Thanks  to  Parking 
Ticket,  bulletin  of  The  Piano  Amateur 
Radio  Kfub,  inc.,  PO  Box  435,  Piano 
TX. 


Previously  unpublished  papers  on 
ad  technical  subjects  relating  to 
amateur  radio  are  invited  to  be  sub- 
mitted for  the  1977  AflRL  Technical 
Symposium.  The  event  will  be  held  in 
September  in  Falls  Church  VA  under 
the  management  of  the  Amateur 
Radio  Research  and  Development 
Corporation  and  is  sponsored  by  the 
Northern  Virginia  Amateur  Radio 
Council. 

Areas  of  interest  include  propaga 
tion,  antennas,  transmitting  and 
receiving  equipment,  amateur  appli- 
cations of  microprocessors,  design  and 
construction  techniques,  station  and 
shop  design,  HF  techniques,  VHF/ 
UHF  repeaters,  A  TV,  RTTVf  space 
communications,  microwave,  and  any 
other  topic  of  technical  interest  10 
amateurs. 

Prospective  contributors  sht". 
forward  an  informal  summary,  along 
with  a  photo  and  one  pap  btograph 
ical  sketch,  by  July  IS.  Manuscript 
are  due  by  August  15.  For  more 
information  write  Paul  Rinaldo  W4RI, 
1524    Spr  in  ovale    Ave.,    McLean    VA 

22101. 

While  you're  about  it  how  about 
submitting  the  article  to  73?  That  way 
you  can  get  paid  for  your  effort 

Australia    may    soon    have    a   CB 
problem  of  its  own.  At  present,  ih 
is  no  licensing  system  for  CB  radto* 
that  country,  but  an  increasing  nu 
ber  being  brought  in  from  the  United 
States  are  beginning  to  create  inter 
ference     problems     "down     under." 
Some  estimates  put  the  number  of 
radios  currently  being  used  at  near  the 
quarter-million    mark.    Although   not 
iltegal  at  the  moment,  it  is  becoming 
clear  to  government  authorities  that 
they  will  soon  have  to  develop  legisla- 
tion to  regulate  the  units.  They  are 
currently   studying   alternatives.  The 
Wireless    Institute   of    Australia,    the 


32 


country's  amateur  organization,  has 
offered  the  government  help  and 
expressed  concern  that  possible  legis- 
lation regarding  CB  will  adversely 
affect  the  state  of  amateur  radio  in 
Australia. 


OSCAR  6  continues  to  show  signs 
of  deterioration.  When  launched  in 
October,  1972,  the  amateur  satellite 
had  an  expected  life  of  one  year.  It's 
been  going  strong  until  recently  when 
telemetry  data  showed  that  one  of  the 
18  cells  had  failed,  and  there  were 
strong  indications  that  a  second  was 
about  to.  OSCAR  6  passed  through 
the  period  of  highest  temperature  at 
the  end  of  January  and  beginning  of 
February,  During  this  period,  the  sat- 
ellite is  in  sunlight  100%  of  the  time 
and  temperatures  inside  rise  drastical- 
ly. AMSAT  president  Perry  Klein  told 
73  that  this  high  temperature  period  is 
detrimental  to  the  batteries.  Both 
OSCAR  6  and  OSCAR  7  pass  through 
full  sunlight  periods  twice  a  year. 
Klein  added  that  AMSAT  expects  to 
shut  down  OSCAR  6  when  the  A-G-D 
satellite  is  launched  later  this  year. 
That  is,  of  course,  if  OSCAR  6  lasts 
that  long. 

Meanwhile,  OSCAR  7  was  con- 
tinuing to  have  problems  with  over- 
charging of  the  batteries  and  was 
alternating  between  Mode  B  and  Mode 
C  on  all  orbits.  It  was  theorized  that  a 
bad  solar  aspect  angle  with  the  sun 
hitting  the  satellite  on  the  top  only 
might  be  responsible  for  the  problem. 


On  the  lighter  side,  the  Inter- 
national Repeater  Group  in  New 
Brunswick  can  be  thanked  for  the 
following  compilation  of  a  few 
categories  of  the  infamous 
"thumpers1': 

Early  Morning  Thumpers:  The  first 
thing  they  do  each  morning  is  check 
to  make  sure  the  repeater  is  on.  They 
usuaEI y  get  up  between  6:15  and  7:15. 

Late  Night  Thumpers;  They  give 
the  repeater  a  little  thump  before 
going  to  bed. 

73  and  88  Thumpers:  After  a  GSO, 
they  always  have  to  thump  the  re- 
peater a  few  times  as  a  friendly  way  of 
saying  goodbye. 

Repeater  Checker  Thumpers:  On  an 
irregular  basis,  all  repeaters  in  the  area 


get  a  thump  to  find  out  if  they  are  on 
the  air. 

Casual  Thumpers:  They  check  to 
make  sure  the  repeater  is  still  on  the 
air  at  various  times  throughout  the 
day. 

Rapid  Fire  Thumpers:  Those  who 
like  to  see  how  many  times  they  can 
push  their  mike  button  in  three 
seconds. 

Guess  Who  Thumpers:  They  always 
return  a  thump  to  the  Casual 
Thumper,  but  don't  like  to  give  their 
call. 


If  you're  looking  for  another  cer- 
tificate, why  not  try  the  Capitol  Hill 
Amateur  Radio  Society?  W3USS  runs 
a  kW  on  SSB  and  CW  from  the 
basement  of  the  Old  Senate  Off  tee 
Building  in  Washington.  Antennas 
range  from  a  vertical  to  a  three 
element  tri-bander  up  120  feet.  As 
Pete  WA3KSQ  put  it,  "For  those  in  a 
hurry,  tt  takes  only  three  minutes  to 
travel  from  our  QTH  to  the  Senate 
floor." 


This  year's  observance  of  Armed 
Forces  Day,  scheduled  for  Saturday, 
May  21,  marks  the  28th  anniversary 
of  this  annua  I  event 

A  featured  highlight  of  the  day  will 
be  the  traditional  military  to  amateur 
communications  tests.  The  pro- 
ceedings include  operations  in  CW, 
SSB,  RTTY,  and  SSTV, 

Certificates  will  be  awarded  to  ama- 
teurs who  accurately  copy  the  Armed 
Forces  Day  message  from  the 
Secretary  of  Defense,  Harold  Brown. 
The  message  will  be  transmitted  in 
both  CW  and  RTTY. 

The  military  to  amateur  crossband 
operations  will  be  conducted  from 
130O  UCT  on  May  21  to  0245  UCT 
on  May  22.  Military  stations  NPL, 
NMH,  NAM,  NPG,  WAR,  and  AIR 
will  transmit  on  military  frequencies 
and  Jtsten  for  amateur  stations  trans- 
mitting in  portions  of  the  amateur 
band,  The  operators  at  the  military 
stations  will  specify  which  portions 
they  are  listening  to. 

73  will  publish  a  complete  list  of 
the  frequencies  In  next  month's  issue. 


Want  a  two  letter  callsign?  April  t 


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C#m'kqt(i  NvrnbuP   '■  P^^ . 


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l£s*r!tfir;tlr 

'■..:■:■-'   ti&g  «4  badta  Static 

'  s6nftrjn!i?g  am<t^«r   'mijo   ^nlott  -with   *5U$i ■^iiiiJx 

rYT.TTMM*     I.Llf     P*  SH'r*    1h«t-i    |MMK      !V» *Wn**l ,    0   ■  t. 
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will  be  the  date  on  which  you  can 
apply  if  you  received  your  Extra 
ticket  between  July  1,  1974,  and  July 
1,  1976.  If  you  received  the  Extra 
after  July  1,  1976,  you  can  apply  on 
July  1,  1977  or  later.  If  you  had  an 
Extra  before  July  1,  1974,  you  are 
eligible  to  apply  immediately. 


The  Dallas  TX  Amateur  Radio  Club 
reports  that  thefts  of  two-way  radio 
equipment  in  the  Da  Has  area  declined 
at  the  end  of  1976.  During  the  month 
of  December,  56 E  radios  were  re- 
ported stolen  to  the  Dallas  Police 
Department,  a  low  for  the  year.  The 
total  for  the  year  was  a  staggering 
10,636.  Several  Dallas  Police  spokes- 
men expressed  the  opinion  that  the 
trend  has  gone  full  circle  and  thieves 
might  go  back  to  hubcaps  and  mag 
wheels.  With  40  channel  CB  rigs  and 
the  increasing  use  of  mobile  2  meter 
equipment,  what  will  happen  remains 
to  be  seen. 


In  an  effort  to  improve  their  signal 
to  the  western  United  States,  W1AW 
In  Newington  CT  has  been  conducting 
tests  with  a  variety  of  antennas.  Com- 
parisons were  made  between  a  4  ele- 
ment 20  meter  yagi  and  a  rhombic. 
Reports  from  Los  Angeles  favored  the 
rhombic,  although  stations  20  degrees 
off  heading  reported  the  yagi  as  supe- 
rior. Comparisons  between  the  W1  AW 
signal  and  other  amateurs  In  the  Hart- 


ford  CT  area  were  also  made,  In  some 
cases,  signals  were  10  to  12  dB  In 
favor  of  the  other  stations. 

It  was  decided  to  build  a  new  array 
with  stacked  4  element  20  meter 
beams  at  60  and  120  feet,  and  a  3 
element  40  meter  beam  at  90  feet. 
The  project  is  funded  by  a  bequest 
from  silent  key  W8FX,  a  longtime 
Michigan  S.C.M.  The  array  will  bear  a 
plaque  in  his  memory. 


As  part  of  a  federally  funded 
project,  a  study  team  at  Cornell  Uni- 
versity recently  spent  time  monitoring 
conversations  on  the  CB  channels. 
According  to  their  conclusions,  almost 
50%  of  the  conversations  were  discus- 
sions about  the  locations  of  the 
parties  involved,  20%  were  discussions 
of  equipment  and  technical  aspects, 
and  less  than  5%  were  requests  for 
Information,  "smokey  reports/*  and 
traffic  directions. 

The  study  showed  that  75%  of  the 
communications  were  directed  specif- 
ically at  another  party,  although  in 
over  50%  of  the  cases,  the  operator 
was  unable  to  find  the  party  that  he 
was  seeking. 

They  found  that  50%  of  the  traffic 
occurred  on  Fridays  and  Saturdays, 
with  the  peak  time  between  5  and  6. 

In  conclusion,  the  study  team 
called  CB  a  ""wireless  party  line  used 
primarily  as  a  way  of  making  friends 
and  maintaining  a  community  net- 
work." 


from  page  4 

stopping  at  either  13  or  20  words  per, 
but  heading  for  them  thar  hills.  Some 
preliminary  experiments  with  high 
speed  code  indicate  that  It  may  not  be 
much  more  difficult  to  master  than 
slow  speed  code  .  .  .  indeed,  it  may 
not  take  much  longer  than  learning 
slow  speed  code  .  . .  once  instructors 


EDITOR!  A  LBYWA  YNE  G  RE  EN 

are  able  to  get  over  using  the  gradu- 
ated teaching  method. 

Despite  the  example  of  more  and 
more  cede  classes  starting  students 
out  at  13  words  per  minute  right  from 
the  beginning  and  making  the  goal  in 
less  than  half  the  time  required  by  the 
old  (ARRL)  system,  all  of  the  code 
learning  systems  on  the  market  today 
(except  the  73  tapes)  go  the  same  old 


route  .  .  .  and  that  includes  the  just 
released  ARRL  tapes  which  teach  5, 
Vh,  10  and  13  per  . . .  for  those  who 
want  to  take  the  time  to  learn  four 
different  code  speeds. 

The  next  step  is  to  try  starting 
people  out  at  copying  code  at  50 
words  per  minute,  right  from  the 
start  The  whole  idea  of  copying  code 
is  to  train  the  brain  to  translate  the 
sound  patterns  on  a  subconscious 
level,  Thus  getting  around  the  slowness 
of  the  computer  system  on  the 
conscious  levei.  The  code  translation 
on  the  conscious  level  bogs  down  at 
around  ten  words  per  minute  ,  .  .  the 
famed  "plateau/'  It  is  only  after  this 
piateau  has  been  reached  in  the  nor- 
mal code  learning  system  that  the 
whole  business  is  turned  over  to  the 


subconscious  mind  for  deciphering, 
When  you  hear  di-dah  and  then  say, 
"hmmm,  that's  A,"  you're  looking  it 
up  En  memory  and  the  circuits  in- 
volved are  many  and  relatively  slow. 
When  you  hear  di-dah  and  your 
fingers  write  or  type  "A"  before  you 
can  say  it,  then  you're  working  on  a 
subconscious  level  and  headed  for 
speed. 

Let's  get  some  hams  who  would 
like  to  try  for  50  per  and  start  them 
out  with  the  dots  and  dashes  at  that 
speed  .  .  .  crank  up  the  keyboard  or 
bug  and  send  individual  letters  well 
spaced  at  first  .  .  .  then  close  up  the 
spacing  as  you  go.  You'll  quickly  be 
able  to  tell  the  difference  between 
even  the  most  similar  of  letters  such  as 
1  and  J.  Let  me  know  how  you  do. 


33 


New  Products 


fijiUMAlE  .J  11 


YAESU  FT  221 R  TWO  METER 
ALL  MODE  TRANSCEIVER 

The  2  meter  operators  who  have 
confined  their  VHF  activities  to  FM 
art  in  for  a  surprise:  The  spectrum 
between  144  and  146  MHz  is  alive 
with  SSB  activity,  but  without  the 
problems  of  GRM,  jamming,  and  the 
general  disorders  associated  with  low 
band  sideband  operation.  In  order  to 
join  the  fun  of  2m  SSB.  a  suitable 
transceiver  is  required,  and  the  Yaesu 
people  provide  a  perfect  rig  -  the 
FT-221  R.  This  all  mode  transceiver 
provides  everv  feature  required  to 
fully  exercise  the  2m  band, 

The  transceiver  is  VFO  controlled, 
and  main  dial  accuracy  is  maintained 
by  dividing  the  4  MHz  2m  band  into 
eight  500  kHz  segments,  with  each 
segment  being  selected  by  a  rotary 
switch,  Main  dial  resolution  is  1  kHz. 
If  crystal  control  is  desired,  the  oper- 
ator has  a  choice  of  eleven  crystal 
positions  controlled  by  a  front  panel 
switch  resulting  in  88  crystal  channels. 
The  rig  also  has  a  standard  built-in 
calibrator  that  can  be  used  to  per- 
fectly set  the  main  dial.  This  is  ac- 
complished by  turning  on  the  cali 
bra  tor  and  adjusting  the  main  tuning 
knob  while  locking  the  VFO  with  a 
button  located  by  the  dial.  A  signal 
strength  meter  doubles  as  a  center 
scale  discriminator  meter  when  receiv- 
ing FM.  The  meter  also  reflects  rela- 
tive output  power  when  transmitting. 
The  operator  also  has  control  over  rf 
gain,  squelch,  audio  and  microphone 
gain,  VOX  gain,  and  repeater  control 
via  front  panel  controls.  Standard  and 
reverse  repeater  offsets  are  provided, 
as  well  as  an  operator  selected  offset. 
The  additional  offset  is  generated  by 
an  internal  crystal,  provided  by  the 
user,  A  mode  control  selects  upper  or 
lower  sideband  operation,  as  well  as 
FM,  AM,  and  CW.  And  finally,  a 
clarifier  control  is  provided  for  the 
SSB  operator.  CW  sidetoneP  noise 
blanket,  and  repeater  tone  burst  func- 
tions btb  standard  features,  making 
the  FT- 221 R  a  totally  versatile  pack- 
age. The  radio  can  operate  on  either 
12  vok  dc  or  ac  line.  The  power 
transformer  is  tapped  for  those  who 
have  non-standard  line  voltage. 


Operating  the  FT-221  R  is  a  joy,  I 
spent  an  entire  weekend  operating  the 
transceiver  in  the  rf-burde  ned  New 
York  City  area,  and  never  experienced 
any  problems  relating  to  overload  or 
intermodulation.  I  started  my  day  by 
making  a  few  basic  tests  on  the 
transceiver. 

I  checked  the  FM  power  output 
with  a  Bird  43  wattmeter,  and  found 
the  transceiver  was  delivering  22  Watts 
into  the  line.  Sideband  PEP  output 
was  about  the  same,  as  was  CW,  The 
AM  output  was  four  Watts,  I Yaesu 
rates  the  FT-221  R  at  a  conservative 
14  Watts  on  FM.)  I  have  often  won- 
dered about  the  accuracy  of  VFO 
tuned  rigs  on  VHF,  A  frequency 
counter  check  of  the  main  dial  re 
solved  the  question,  as  accuracy  was 
within  100  cycles  at  all  settings.  Drift 
was  undetectable.  My  first  operating 
test  consisted  of  a  rag  chew  on  FM 
simplex  with  friends.  Perfect  tuning  is 
accomplished  by  using  the  center  scale 
discriminator  meter,  and  no  off- fre- 
quency problems  were  encountered. 
The  receiver  is  superb,  and  the  rf  pin 
control  can  be  used  with  the  squelch 
function  to  select  the  group  of  sta- 
tions desired.  I  live  on  a  hill,  and 
undesired  distant  FM  stations  have 
always  been  a  problem,  Not  so  with 
the  Yaesu;  the  rf  control  took  care  of 
that  situation.  I  tried  the  local  re- 
peaters next  and  encountered  no  tun- 
ing or  operating  problems  or  pecul- 
iarities. The  microphone  gain  control 
allows  considerable  latitude  in  de- 
viation, a  necessary  feature  when 
using  city  repeaters  with  narrow  audio 
bandpass  characteristics. 

The  time  was  finally  right  for  SSB* 
Not  knowing  the  two  meter  calling 
frequency,  I  tuned  around  "below*1 
146  MHz  until  the  familiar  SSB  sound 
was  heard,  A  touch  of  the  clarifier, 
and  perfect  audio  resulted.  SSB  tuning 
is  sure  and  solid,  and  there  is  no  drift 
once  the  signal  is  tuned.  Sneaking  into 
the  OSO  resulted  in  an  hour  long 
round  table  with  four  others  on  SSB, 
and  two  of  the  stations  were  well 
outside  my  normal  FM  range.  Encour- 
aging signal  and  quality  reports  were 
received,  so  I  decided  to  call  CO  (rt  is 
acceptable  on  2m  SSB!)  on  the  na- 


Underside  of  the  FT-221  R.  Most  of 
the  circuitry  is  contained  on  easily 
removable  cards  that  stide  into  the 
visible  edge  connectors. 

tlonal  SSB  calling  frequency  of 
145.025  MHz.  I  talked  to  several 
other  SSB  stations  on  both  sidebands, 
and  noted  that  there  is  no  shift  when 
switching  between  the  upper  and 
lower  sideband.  The  221  R  was  rock 
solid  throughout  the  session,  and 
nothing  but  favorable  reports  were 
received.  The  VOX  functioned  well, 
and  f  found  operating  2m  SSB  was 
much  tike  a  late  evening  crosstown 
QSO  on  20m  when  the  band  is  out 
No  GRM,  no  problems.  It  was  also 
obvious  that  2m  SSB  activity  is  grow- 
ing, as  virtually  every  CO  resulted  in  a 
contact. 

The  FT-221 R  is  bound  to  excite 
the  OSCAR  satellite  operators.  Being 
VFO  controlled,  the  transceiver  can 
easily  be  operated  in  the  OSCAR  7 
Mode  A  transmit  region,  or  the  Mode 
B  receive  segment.  One  of  the  editors 
at  73  is  an  OSCAR  enthusiast,  and  his 
first  test  of  the  Yaesu  was  to  fire  up 
during  the  first  available  OSCAR  6 
pass.  He  was  immediatety  rewarded 
with  a  contact  from  Argentina,  with 
good  signal  and  quality  reports.  The 
FT-221  R  has  sufficient  power  to  work 
the  satellites  with  simple  antenna 
systems.  The  operator  at  73  used  a 
Ringo  antenna  tuned  to  the  high  end 
of  2  meters  with  good  results  on  both 
OSCAR  6  and  OSCAR  7. 

Everything  considered,  the  Yaesu 
FT-221  R    is   a   pleasure    to   operate. 


There  are  enough  controls  and  options 
to  please  the  most  demanding  oper- 
ator, yet  one  does  not  get  lost  when 
operating.  There  are  no  tuning  or 
loading  controls.  The  amplifier  de- 
livers full  power  from  band  edge  to 
band  edge,  and  there  is  no  obvious 
evidence  of  spurious  output 
(immediately  detectable  in  the  New 
York  area,  as  there  is  a  repeater  or 
public  service  outlet  on  almost  every 
VHF  channel.  The  receiver  does  not 
appear  to  "peak"  anywhere  on  the 
band,  and  is  immune  to  the  inter- 
modulation headaches  known  rjy  all 
city  operators.  Single  sideband  oper- 
ation, which  is  the  221  R's  forte,  is 
superb,  and  is  guaranteed  to  open  a 
new  frontier  for  those  2m  operators 
who  are  tired  of  FM  and  repeaters, 
The  Yaesu  FT-221  R  is  priced  at  $629. 
Yaesu  Electronics  Corp.,  15954 
Downey  Ave.,  Box  498,  Paramount 
CA  90723. 

John  W.Molnar  WB2ZCF 
Executive  Editor 

MONITOR  TUNER  160-10 
MAT  AND  SUPER  SUPER  TUNER 

Having  moved  into  a  new  house  just 
before  the  first  snows  of  winter  set  in 
on  New  Hampshire,  I  did  not  have 
time  to  erect  all  the  antennas  that  I 
wanted.  In  fact  the  only  antenna  1 
could  get  into  the  air  was  one  of  the 
more  common  75  and  40  meter  multi- 
band  di poles  which  are  available 
commercially.  This  66  foot  antenna 
works  fine  in  the  75  meter  band  (and 
has  a  pretty  flat  swr  curve  throughout 
the  40  meter  band),  but  it  was  com- 
pletely unsuitable  for  any  of  the  other 
bands.  This  is  quite  a  devastating 
problem  for  the  avowed  OXer.  espe- 
cially during  the  international  DX 
contests  when  operation  on  other 
bands  is  definitely  desired. 

Of  course,  what  I  needed  was  an 
antenna  tuner  —  and  a  good  one  at 
that.  Knowing  that  eventually  I  was 
going  to  increase  my  station  power 
from  the  current  180  Watts  PEP  to 
2,000  Watts  PEP,  I  started  looking  for 
a  tuner  that  could  handle  the  legal 
limit*  Having  had  some  prior  experi 
ence  with  equipment  by  the  Dentron 
Radio  Co.r  1  chose  their  Model  160-10 
MAT  Monitor  tuner.  Besides  being 
able  to  handle  upwards  of  3  kilowatts, 


The  Yaesu  FT-221  R.  Note  double-sided  tuning  scale  and  8  position  bandswitcb 
that  allow  accurate  VFO  tuning. 


The  Dentron  Radio  Monitor   Tuner  -  basically  the  same  unit  as  the  Super 
Super  Tuner,  but  with  an  swr /power  meter  built  in. 


■^Hf 


this  tuner  has  a  built-in  rf  power  meter 
which   shows  both   forward   and   re- 
fleeted  power  at  the  flick  of  a  switch, 
making  tune~up  a  snap.  It  also  features 
an  easily  accessible  front  panel  switch 
which  permits  you  to  select  either  the 
coax,   balanced  or  random  wire  ter- 
minals on  the  back  of  the  toner.  You 
therefore  can  have  three  antennas  or  a 
dummy  toad  connected  to  the  tuner 
at  one  time  and  be  able  to  select  any 
one  without  the  need  to  disconnect 
the  others,  I  tried  this  with  a  50  foot 
wire   which   ran   from  my   bedroom 
window  to  a  nearby  tree  —  it  loaded 
perfectly  on  T5  meters  while  hooked 
to  the  random  wire  terminal*  There 
was  no  need  to  disconnect  my  muJti- 
band  from  the  coax  connector  while 
this  test  was  being  made.  By  the  way. 
the  multiband  worked  out  fine  on  all 
bands  through  10  meters,  and  I  even 
managed    to    pick    up    a    few    new 
countries  on  both  15  arid  10  during 
the  February  DX  contest. 

The  Monitor  tuner  also  comes  with- 
out the  rf  power  meter  (in  which  case 
it  is  called  the  Super  Super  Tuner). 
For  those  of  you  who  are  lucky 
enough  to  have  an  accurate  separate 
meter,  this  is  a  good  deal.  The  tuner  is 
well  named.  The  bridge  and  meter 
unit  is  also  available  as  a  separate  unit 
for  $99.50. 

The  construction  of  the  unit  is  very 
sturdy,  and  the  coil  and  rugged  capa- 
citors were  chosen  to  be  well  within 
the  power  range  of  the  unit.  The  case 
measures  9"  a  13"  x  16"  awl  fits 
nicely  on  any  operating  table.  The 
price  is  also  right,  with  the  metered 
unit  costing  S299  50  and  the  unme- 
tered  version  $229.50.  Dentron  Radio 
Company,  Incorporated,  2  J  00  Enter- 
prise Parkway,  Twinsburg  OH  44087. 

Rich  Force  WB1ASL 
Associate  Editor 


73  TESTS  THE 

COMMUNICATIONS  RECEIVERS 

The  1979  WARC  conference  has 
many  of  us  thinking  about  the  future 
of  the  ham  bands.  As  we  reported 
back  in  February,  and  have  updated 
elsewhere  in  this  issue  of  73,  amateur 
radio  is  only  one  of  more  than  a 
dozen  services  vying  for  spectrum 
space,  And  compared  to  amateur  al- 
locations, frequencies  set  aside  for 
international  broadcasting  (about  2 
MHz  not  counting  the  "tropical"  $W 
bands)  are  much  more  important  to 
the  majority  of  WARC  delegates- 
Foreign  broadcasting  is  closely  tied 
to  foreign  governments,  in  most  cases 
controlled  by  foreign  governments.  It 
Is  a  highly  po fittest  business,  em- 
ploying great  numbers  of  personnel 
(over  3  thousand  in  the  Voice  of 
America  alone}.  Radio  Liberty  and 
Radio  Free  Europe,  until  recently, 
were  secretly  funded  by  the  CIA.  That 
should  be  a  due  to  the  political  stakes 
involved. 

US  government  figures  compiled 
five  years  ago  showed  nearly  7  thou- 
sand hours  of  programming  per  week 
from  the  communist  bfoc  atone1 
That's  enough  programming  to  keep 
about  45  transmitters  going  contin- 
uously. 77>e  western  bfoc  broadcasts 
about  twice  as  much  on  the  SW  hands, 
over     12,500    hours    per    weekt    ac- 


Guts  view  of  the  Monitor  Tuner  by  Dentron.  Round  plastic  device  on  the  right 
is  3  ha  fun. 


cording  to  a  BBC  survey.  Russian 
broadcasters,  considered  separately, 
are  beaming  programming  in  84  dif- 
ferent languages  (by  US  figures),  an 
expensive  proposition  at  the  feast* 
Even  the  smaller  countries  are  making 
substantial  investments  in  foreign 
language  transmissions,  such  as  Cuba 
with  8  languages,  and  Mongolia  with 
4, 

Amateurs  active  on  40  and  80 
meters  are  well  aware  of  the  power 
and  bandwidth  the  SW  broadcasters 
use,  and  the  intensity  of  their  activity. 
Stations  from  every  corner  of  the 
world  can  be  received  with  simple 
whip  antennas,  and  many  of  us  found 
our  way  into  ham  radio  by  listening  to 
them. 

Many  hams  are  still  SWUng  andr  by 
recent  reports,  it  appears  the  hobby  is 
headed  for  a  revival  on  the  heels  of 
what's  been  called  "the personal  com- 
munications boom. "  One  report  has  it 
that  there  are  so  many  SWLs  active  in 
Japan  that  some  broadcasters  are  lim- 
iting or  ending  QSL  services.  One 
country's  SW  service  was  saved  from 
shutdown  fan  austerity  move}  by  hun- 
dreds of  complaints  from  overseas 
listeners  F 

Nearly  all  SW  broadcasting  is  AM, 
but  there  are  mounting  arguments  to 
switch  to  SSB  while  retaining  the 
carrier,  thus  preservmg  space  in  the 
already  overcrowded  bands.  The 
broadcasters  themselves  don't  like  the 
idea  for  a  variety  of  reasons  (mostly 
economic/,  but  SSB  on  SW  broadcasts 
seems  to  only  be  a  matter  of  time. 

Recognizing  the  growing  interest  in 
SWUng  (and  scores  of  letters  from  73 
readers  wondering  what's  available 
nowadays  in  general  coverage  com- 
munications receivers},  we  begin  this 
month  a  series  of  reviews  intended  to 
cover  the  major  gear  available.  Our 
premise  is  that  many  amateurs  are 
now  considering  a  reasonably  priced 
general  coverage  receiver*  not  only  for 
SWUng.  but  as  a  standby  for  their 
station  receivers.  There  are  several 
ways  you  can  use  a  standby  —  for 
spotting  on  other  bands  during  a 
contest,  for  example,  or  with  VHF- 
UHF  converters  to  keep  your  HF 
station  separate,  and  so  on.  On  top  of 
the  amateur  uses,  there  is,  of  course , 


the  benefit  of  SWUng  itself 

SWUng  can  be  much  more  than 
listening  to  foreign  broadcast  outlets 
—  there  are  thousands  of  point-to- 
point  communications  to  intercept, 
ranging  from  aircraft  control  circuits 
to  foreign  embassies  communicating 
with  home.  A  book  is  even  available 
on  "secret"  frequencies,  called  the 
Confidential  Frequency  List,  by 
Robert  Grove  and  published  by  G lifer 
Associates,  Park  Ridge  IVJ.  Everything 
from  foreign  embassies  to  CIA  fre- 
quencies fthose  registered  with  the 
ITU}  is  listed  in  34  different  sections. 

Microprocessor  hobbyists  are  into 
SWUng  as  well,  using  their  uPs  for 
deciphering  high  speed  RTTY  broad- 
casts. (Several  arncles  on  the  subject 
are  coming  up  in  future  issues  of  73 J 

There  is  much  more,  of  course,  to 
be  said  about  SWLingr  but  hopefully 
we've  whet  your  appetites  with  this 
brief  introduction.  So  here*s  part  one 
of  73s  survey  of  general  coverage  SW 
receivers. 


THE  DRAKE  S$R  1 
COMMUNICATIONS  RECEIVER 
My  first  receiver  (save  the  crystal 
set  1  built  out  of  a  science  lab  kit)  was 
a  GE  nine  transistor  portable.  It  cov- 
ered only  4  to  12  MHz  (plus  the  AM 
broadcast  band)  without  the  benefit 
of  much  more  than  a  volume  and 
tuning  control  My  antenna  was  a 
bizarre  concoction  of  wire  scraps  that 
eventually  wound  around  the  house, 
up  into  the  attic,  and  out  to  a  tomato 
plant  stake  in  my  mother's  vegetable 
garden.  With  each  new  find  of  scrap 


wire,    the    random    antenna   grew   in 
length. 

Fifteen  years  have  passed,  and  a  lot 
has  happened  with  communications 
receivers.  First  of  all.  Dr.  T,  U,  Wadtey 
designed  the  so-called  Wad  ley  loop, 
first  popularised  in  the  British  Racal 
line  of  receivers.  The  Wad  ley  loop 
reached  a  worldwide  audience  through 
the  South  African  manufacture  of 
Bar  low- Wad  ley  receivers,  and  they 
were  dominant  among  SW  enthusiasts 
for  decades. 

More  recent  deveEoqments  in  PLL 
circuitry  and  the  apparently  booming 
interest  in  SWLing  have  brought  a 
series  of  medium  priced  general  cover- 
age receivers,  primarily  from  Japan, 
The  Drake  SSR  1  is  imported  by 
Drake  from  Japan  and  well  represents 
the  new  generation  in  SW  sets. 

The  Drake  uses  a  synthesized  first 
mixer  injection  circuit  designed  to 
yietd  thirty  tunable  ranges  from  the 
bottom  of  the  broadcast  band  (.5 
MHz)  to  30  MHz,  What  that  means  is 
that  separate  control  of  the  megahertz 
ranges  and  kilohertz  band  spread  is 
provided,  which  is  a  substantial  de- 
parture from  the  superheterodyne 
that  has  dominated  general  coverage 
sets  for  years. 

The  Drake  is  calibrated  to  one  kHzr 
and  tuning  known  frequencies  [such 
as  a  SW  station  listed  in  the  World 
Radio  TV  Handbook  published  by 
G  lifer  Associates)  is  a  simple  process 
of  setting  up  the  MHz  range,  peaking 
the  preselector,  and  tuning  the  kHz 
control  onto  the  desired  frequency. 
Using  only  the  built-in  whip  antenna 
(a  feature  unique  to  the  SSR-1),  I  was 
able  to  hit  nine  of  ten  frequencies 
listed  in  the  handbook  with  a  min- 
imum of  tuning.  The  use  of  a  dipole 
antenna  increased  signal  strength,  of 
course,  but  I  found  the  SSR-T'a  sen- 
sitivity over  its  entire  range  to  be  very 
good,  using  only  the  whip  antenna. 
The  Drake  circuit  employs  a  single 


The  Drake  SSR- 1  receiver,  with  a  simple  layout  and  500  kfii  through  30  MHz 
coverage. 


lJ  hJ 


TO  MHz  crystal  oscillator,  so  un- 
modulated signals  will  appear  at  multi- 
ples of  1  MHz.  Although  this  could  be 
eliminated  in  circuit  design,  Drake 
says  it  would  push  the  cost  of  the 
S5R-1  right  out  of  its  price  class. 
Another  side  effect  is  small  birdies, 
which  are  easily  tuned  out  with  the 
MHz  control.  Peaking  a  signal  for 
maximum  strength  with  the  pre- 
selector, kilohertz,  and  megahertz 
controls  will  eliminate  the  birdies 
Completely.  They  can,  in  fact,  be  used 
as  a  tuning  aid,  since  eliminating  The 
birdie  peaks  the  receiver  on  freQuen- 
cy.  In  a  month  and  a  half  of  opera- 
tion, I  never  found  the  birdies  objec- 
tionable, and  as  for  the  t  MHz  un- 
modulated signals,  they  were  very 
helpful  as  calibration  markers.  (Tun- 
ing WWV  at  10  MHz,  \  found  the 
SSR-1  within  100  Hertz.}  One  final 
point  on  this:  Using  of  her  synthesized 
receivers  in  this  price  class  shows  that 
all  of  them  have  their  share  of  birdies 
and  1  MHz  markers,  I  never  found 
them  objectionable  and  they  did  not 
interfere  with  reception  to  a  degree 
justifying  the  2  or  3  hundred  dollars 
more  investment  necessary  to  elim- 
inate them. 

The  SSR-1  is  completely  solid  state, 
with  a  built-in  battery  pack  which 
requires  8  type  D  flashlight  batteries. 
The  dial  lights  are  disabled  when  using 
the  dc  supply,  which  automatically 
switches  on  if  ac  is  disconnected  or 
interrupted.  A  push-button  switch  on 
the  S$R-1*s  front  panel  is  used  to 
momentarily  operate  the  panel  lights 
when  using  dc  power.  Another  feature 
is  a  12  V  dc  power  plug  on  the  back 
apron  which,  when  used  with  an 
accessory  cable,  allows  use  of  the 
radio  in  an  automobile  or  boat.  Power 
consumption  was  measured  at  just 
under  100  mA  at  12  V  dc,  The  ac 
supply  can  be  switched  between  117 
V  and  240  V  through  a  tapped  trans- 
former. 

The  Drake  receives  AM,  CW,  and 
SSB  signals  quite  well,  with  good 
stability  and  audio  response.  The 
SSR-1  has  separate  detectors  for  AM 
and  SSB,  another  feature  unique  to 
the  Drake  set.  On  AM  it's  a  diode 
detector  and  5.5  kHz  filter,  while  on 
SSB-CW  Drake  uses  a  product  deiec 
tor  and  3  kHz  filter.  Cross  modulation 
noted  on  extremely  loud  sisals  was 
easily  eliminated  by  switching  in  the 
20  d&  pad*  Another  feature  exclusive 
in  its  class  with  the  Drake  is  a  ^3  kHz 
clarifier.  The  clarify  control  makes 
SSB  and  CW  reception  precise,  since  it 
acts  as  a  fine  tune  control.  In  ad- 
dition.  heterodynes  can  be  reduced  in 
the  AM  mode  with  the  clarifier. 

I  would  not  hesitate  to  recommend 
the  SSR-1  as  a  standby  receiver  for 
CW  and  SSB  reception  in  the  ham 
shack.  Muting  provisions  are  included 
through  an  RCA  type  connector  on 
the  rear  apron,  and  through  a  signal 
splitter,  the  SSR  1  served  well  as  a 
spotting  receiver  during  a  recent  DX 
contest.  I've  also  used  it  with  my 
standby  transmitter  for  CW  work  with 
good  results,  I  did  find  an  audio  filter 
IMF  J  type  CWF  2BX}  very  helpful  in 
getting  the  passband  down  below  the 
Drake's  3  kHz  CW  SSB  filter.  The 
front  pane!  8  Ohm  headphone  jack 
came  in  handy  there,  plus  I  found  the 


receiver  had  more  than  enough  audio 
output  to  drive  the  outboard  filter 
and  headphones.  (The  SSft-T  is 
equipped  with  a  front  panel  speaker  J 

The  Drake  is  the  smallest  general 
coverage  receiver  in  its  class  —  13" 
wide  by  11"  deep  by  5VV  high.  It 
weighs  14  pounds  less  the  battery 
pack,  and  comes  with  accessory 
mounting  feet  to  allow  installation 
with  the  front  panel  sloped  slightly 
upwards. 

Among  the  accessories  Drake  offers 
for  the  SSfM  are  matching  head- 
phones model  HS-1,  dc  power  cord, 
and  an  antenna  kit  for  the  SWL  bands, 
List  price  on  the  SSR-1  is  $350,  but 
company  officials  say  dealers  are  dis- 
counting them  down  to  the  $279-299 
price  class*  (Check  with  your  local 
Drake  dealer  for  details.) 

In  conclusion,  the  Drake  SSR-1  is  a 
compact,  go-anywhere  general  cover- 
age receiver  with  excellent  stability, 
and  sensitivity  enough  to  receive 
signals  from  the  broadcast  band 
through  10  meters  using  only  the 
supplied  telescoping  whip  antenna. 
The  SSR-1  allows  precise  tuning,  di- 
rectly from  frequency  tables,  on  the 
$W  bands  to  within  a  few  kHz.  It  is  in 
an  attractive,  self-contained  package 
that  fits  into  ham  shack,  living  room, 
or  listening  post  and  at  the  same  time 
is  capable  of  camping  trips  and  vaca- 
tions where  ac  mains  are  not  available. 
R.  L.  Drake  Company,  540  Richard 
St.,  Miamisourg  OH 45342. 

Warren  EllyWAIGUD 
Associate  Editor 

HY -GAIN  3806  2  METER 
HAND-HELD  FM  TRANSCEIVER 

The  evolution  of  "portable' r  2 
meter  equipment  over  the  years  has 
been  amazing,  Just  a  few  short  years 
ago,  commercial  surplus  "boat 
anchors"  were  the  rule*  If  nothing 
else,  they  did  make  for  excellent 
traction  by  adding  fifty  pounds  to  the 
trunk,  Times  have  changed,  Even  the 
diehards  who  insisted  that  they 
would  never  become  involved  are  seen 
sporting  the  ultimate  in  amateur  radio 
portability,  the  HT. 

There  are  quite  a  few  HTs  on  the 
market  with  a  wide  range  of  features 
over  a  wide  range  of  prices.  Initially, 
the  arrival  of  a  box  here  at  73 
containing  Hy-Gain's  contribution  to 
the  HT  field  created  little  excitement. 
That  changed,  however,  after  a  few 
minutes  of  using  the  new  3806  trans- 
ceiver. The  standard-looking  blue  ex- 
ternal case  hides  an  HT  that  is  out- 
standing. 

The  3806  measures  8W  by  3ft"  by 
IV  and  could  be  a  handful  for  a 
person  with  small  hands*  Its  weight  is 
surprising:  only  2%  pounds,  complete 
with  battery  pack.  The  weight  is  kept 
down  by  the  use  of  an  ABS  case  that 
is  highly  resistant  to  damage  and 
shock.  At  first  glance,  the  case  looks 
plain  enough,  but  in  the  process  of 
disassembling  the  unit,  a  few  sur- 
prising features  come  to  light  Hy- 
Gain  Electronics  makes  a  well- 
respected  line  of  commercial  radio 
equipment,  and  it's  evident  that 
they've  included  a  few  of  the  heavy 
duty  features  in  this  part  of  their 
amateur  line.  The  two  parts  of  the 
external  case  are  gasketed  to  preclude 


moisture  getting  inside  and  fouling  up 
the  works.  The  grill  that  covers  the 
speaker  and  microphone  is  specially 
baffled  to  prevent  water  from  getting 
in.  Even  the  power  pack  is  completely 
separated  from  the  circuitry.  Lifting  It 
off  reveals  a  sealed  compartment,  with 
two  battery  contacts  the  only  evi- 
dence of  its  use.  Admittedly,  just 
about  no  one  is  going  to  use  an  HT 
under  water,  But  most  are  exposed  to 
a  wide  variety  of  climate,  from  rain  to 
high  humidity  to  salt  spray. 

The  receiver  section  of  the  3806  is 
much  more  than  adequate.  Hy-Gain 
claims  less  than  0.4  uV  for  12  dB 
SIIMAD.  I  had  no  trouble  backing  up 
the  claims  and  was  able  to  have  a  080 
with  another  HT  seven  miles  away 
while  operating  (he  3806  inside  my 
Volkswagen,  with  its  horrendous  igni- 
tion noise  Add  to  that  the  fact  that 
hilly  New  Hampshire  terrain  and  a 
noisy  road  were  involved,  and  you 
have  a  perfect  test  for  sensitivity.  The 
3806  came  through  with  flying  colors. 
The  double  conversion  super- 
heterodyne receiver  with  MOSFETs  in 
the  mixer  and  amplifier  stages  is  supe 
nor  to  anything  I've  heard  in  a  hand- 
held unit.  The  audio  output  power  to 
the  2  inch  speaker  is  Ys  Watt  and  is 
more  than  adequate  for  just  about  any 
situation 

The  transmitter  section  of  the  3806 
puts  out  a  measured  one  Watt,  Al- 
though that  might  seem  low  compared 
to  a  few  other  HTs  on  the  market,  it's 
more  than  enough  for  HT  range.  It 
also  keeps  the  battery  drain  down. 
The  unit  only  takes  330  mA  on 
transmit,  On  squelched  receive,  drain 
is  20  mA;  with  signal  it's  100  mA. 
The  battery  pack  takes  8  AA  penlights 


or  an  optional  nicad  pack.  The  six 
channels  (52  supplied!  use  standard 
12  MHz  crystals. 

A  few  other  features  of  the  3806 
will  appeal  to  the  avid  HT  fan.  All  the 
controls  are  right  out  front.  While 
transmitting,  a  large  red  LED  stares  at 
you,  as  an  indication  that  a  signal  is 
realty  getting  to  the  antenna.  A  meter 
indicates  battery  condition  on  trans 
mil  and  relative  signal  strength  on 
receive.  A  telescoping  %  wave  whip  is 
supplied  as  standard  equipment,  al- 
though a  rubber  duckie  is  available  as 
an  optional  accessory.  More  and  more 
amateurs  seem  to  be  returning  to  the 
V*  wave.  The  difference  between  it  and 
the  effective  negative  gain  of  a  rubber 
duck  is  truly  amazing. 

Jacks  for  an  earphone,  external 
power,  and  external  antenna  are  also 
supplied,  each  covered  with  a  mots- 
tu  rep  roof  plastic  cover.  The  list  of 
available  accessories  is  long  and  in- 
cludes a  case,  earphone,  external  an- 
tenna cable,  cigarette  lighter  adapter, 
nicad  pack,  and  a  plug  mount  charger. 
At  the  time  this  went  to  press,  Hy* 
Gain  announced  a  tone  pad  that  will 
fit  flush  into  the  back  panel  of  the 
unit. 

Suggested  retail  on  the  3806  is 
$189>95r  making  it  a  moderately 
priced  transceiver  with  features  and 
performance  that  rival  much  more 
expensive  units.  It's  built  tough  for 
■outdoor  use  and  should  take  the 
occasional  abuse  inherent  in  hand  held 
use  in  stride.  Hy-Gain  Electronics 
Corporation.  8601  Northe&t  Highway 
Six,  Lincoln  NE  $8505, 

Stan  Miastkowski  WA1UMV 
Associate  Editor 


The   Hy-Gain   3806  hand-held  2  meter  transceiver.    Note   the  heavy  duty 
moistur&seated case  and  the  convenient  position  of  the  controls. 


36 


HEATH  HW-2036  2  METER 
TRANSCEIVER 

in  just  about  every  endeavor  there 
seems  to  be  a  "people's  machine**  — 
be  it  a  Mode}  7",  a  Volkswagen,  a 
"Benton  Harbor  lunchbox/'or  a  smaif 
portable  TV.  Utility  these  days  de- 
mands a  television  and  for  most  folks, 
a  can  For  hams  these  days,  utility 
means  2m  VHF  gear,  and  the  prices 
are  getting  lower  and  fa  wee 

Heathkit  got  started  with,  among 
other  things,  amateur  radio  kits. 
Heath  earned  its  reputation  with 
DX-4Qs,  AT- Is,  DX-IQOs,  and  the 
company's  famous  S3  line  of  tube 
transmitters  and  receivers.  On  the 
VHF  stder  Heath  started  out  with  the 
"lunchhoxes"  for  6  and  2  meters,  the 
"Sixer"  and  "Twoer"  as  they  were 
known.  With  the  advent  of  FM  came 
the  HW-2Q2,  a  crystal-controlled  radio 
known  for  its  high  audio  quality. 
Heath's  first  synthesized  2m  rig  was 
introduced  in  7975. 

The  HW-2026,  as  it  was  known, 
sold  quickly,  but  problems  developed, 
and  Heath  became  the  only  manufac- 
turer on  record  to  stage  a  full  refund 
recall.  Every  2026  customer  was 
offered  a  full  refund,  and  first  crack  at 
the  rig's  successor.  A  year  later  the 
new  radio  was  ready,  and  somehow 
Heath  had  managed  to  get  the  price 
even  lower!  Suggested  retail  for  the 
HW-2036  is  $269,95, 

The  2036  has  gained  quick  national 
acceptance,  just  like  its  predecessor, 
and  there  have  been  no  reports  of 
problems.  The  2036  works  fine. 

When  we  first  got  a  look  at  the  new 
radio,  it  had  already  been  assembled 
at  the  Heeth  factory.  Operating 
impressions  were  reported  in  January 
V7  73,  so  it  only  seemed  proper  to 
follow  up  with  a  construction  review. 

Upon  arrival  of  the  kit,  I  tore  into 
the  box,  anxious  to  begin  construc- 
tion. There  is  no  wasted  space  in  the 
shipping  carton;  sub-packs  and  chassis 
parts  are  interlocked  with  the  rest  to 
form  a  cushion,  an  effective  one  since 
all  parts  came  through  FB.  Chassis 
parts  were  in  the  bottom  of  the 
carton;  the  microphone  was  in  a 
separate  pack,  as  were  the  five  circuit 
boards.  The  Heath  method  of  sub- 
packaging  makes  parts  sorting  an 
uncomplicated  procedure;  you  can  bet 
it  would  have  been  pure  joy  counting 
and   sorting   some    1,241   parts  con- 


tained in  the  HW-2036  kit.  Heath  only 
packs  the  hardware  you  need  to  build 
and  install  each  individual  circuit 
board  or  assembly.  Especially  fragile 
parts  (like  the  2036rs  signal  strength/ 
relative  power  meter)  are  packed  in 
sty  rofoam- lined  boxes  to  insure  safe 
delivery,  If  you're  like  me  and  like  to 
peek  ahead  a  little  and  see  what  all  the 
parts  look  like,  youll  also  find  the  2 
final  transistors  in  the  power  amplifier 
pack,  which  supply  a  minimum  out- 
put of  10  Watts  to  the  antenna. 

The  assembly  manual  is  typically 
Heath  —  very  clear  and  concise.  Each 
part  is  clearly  identified,  and  another 
great  help  is  the  scales  Heath  has 
printed  on  the  bottom  of  each  page 
whose  steps  require  a  measurement. 

Heath  does  not  stop  its  design  work 
with  the  production  of  new  gear. 
Instead,  a  constant  updating  process 
takes  place,  with  owners  kept  abreast 
of  what's  happening.  In  the  case  of 
the  2036,  four  pages  of  corrections 
are  sent  along,  with  substitute  parts 
included.  The  builder  merely  changes 
a  few  values  in  the  assembly  instruc- 
tions, and  tapes  new  pages  over  the 
existing  ones  —  then  you're  all  set  to 
begin  work. 

During  assembly,  I  did  not  use  any 
special  method  for  parts  sorting.  Since 
each  board  package  was  opened  one  at 
a  time,  the  parts  could  all  be  laid  out 
on  the  work  surface.  I  grouped  all  the 
common  value  capacitors  together, 
the  same  resistors,  and  so  on  (no 
reason  for  the  traditional  cookie  tins 
or  pie  pans!). 

The  first  step  in  assembly  of  the 
2036  Is  the  installation  of  scores  of 
printed  circuit  board  pins  (PCB  pins) 
on  each  lead  extending  from  the 
wiring  harness.  This  is  quite  tedious 
work,  especially  when  the  majority  of 
the  pins  must  then  be  wrapped  in 
heat-shrinkable  tubing.  Once  installed, 
however,  the  pins  make  for  simple 
interconnection  of  the  PC  boards 
during  final  assembly  and  testing. 
Heath  supplies  a  small  alligator  clip  to 
hold  the  PCB  pins  upright,  so  you  can 
place  the  wire  right  into  the  end  of 
the  pin,  then  apply  heat  and  solder  I 
found  it  much  easier  and  faster  to 
make  sure  the  wire  to  be  inserted  was 
tinned  first,  followed  by  heating  the 
pin  and  melting  a  small  amount  of 
solder  into  it.  Using  that  procedure,  it 
takes  a  very  small  time  interval  to 
place  each  wire  in  a  pin,  apply  a  small 


amount  of  heat,  and  make  a  perfect 
connection. 

By  the  time  the  first  six  hours  of 
assembly  lime  had  passed,  the  chassis 
was  complete  and  mounted  in  place, 
and  the  front  panel  meter,  switches, 
and  pots  were  installed.  At  about  this 
point,  with  the  rig  taking  shape,  the 
hours  of  concentration  began  to  pay 
off.  The  front  face  and  control  knobs 
complete  the  first  lion's  share  of 
construction,  and  from  there  on  out 
the  work  is  less  mechanical,  It's  time 
for  the  PC  boards. 

The  first  circuit  board  to  deal  with 
is  the  smallest,  the  voltage  controfled 
oscillator  (VCO)  board.  The  VCO's 
job  is  to  produce  signal  to  the  synthe- 
sizer for  frequency  selection.  Con- 
struction of  the  VCO  assembly  is 
crucial  because  this  stage  must  be 
stable  enough  to  keep  the  synthesizer 
on  frequency.  For  this  reason,  the 
board  is  installed  in  a  shielded  case  on 
the  chassis,  and  is  the  only  board 
without  fC  sockets. 

Soldering  work  on  the  circuit 
boards  must  be  done  carefully.  Take 
your  time,  and  save  hours  of  trouble- 
shooting problems  later.  After  each 
board  is  complete,  examine  your  work 
carefully  for  solder  bridges,  cold 
joints,  etc  After  a  careful  visual 
check  of  each  board  (preferably  using 
Heath's  X-ray  views  from  the  assem- 
bly manual),  installation  is  accom- 
plished with  lock  washers  and  nuts. 

The  next  step  is  to  plug  all  those 
beautiful  PCB  pins  into  the  posts  on 
each  board.  You'd  never  think  you'd 
be  glad  to  see  another  one  of  those 
pins  after  you  finish  soldering  them 
all,  but  they  really  are  fantastic.  You 
should,  however,  be  careful  to  route 
all  wires  from  the  harness  in  their 
correct  positions,  or  you  may  find 
yourself  taking  apart  half  the  radio  to 
fix  a  minor  mistake.  Pay  special  atten- 
tion to  wires  going  around  the  speaker 
assembly  and  see  to  it  they  are  routed 
straight  back  and  under  the  VCO 
shield.  This  will  make  for  easier 
hookup  later  between  the  synthesizer 
and  receiver  boards.  Also  be  careful 
when  installing  the  VCO  board  on  Its 
mounting  posts.  The  six  VA"  wires 
that  go  to  the  coupling  capacitors  on 
the  shield  could  very  easily  get 
pinched.  Try  to  route  them  on  a 
smooth  path  out  from  between  the 
board  and  shield.  One  more  point  on 
the  VCO  board:  Be  sure  the  insulation 


of  each  lead  is  snug  up  to  the  board - 
Stray  wires  hanging  around  could 
short   on  the  two-sided  board* 

Space  is  limited  in  the  rear  portion 
of  the  2036,  where  the  power  ampli- 
fier goes.  The  board  Is  fastened  to  the 
back  panel  with  screws,  spacers,  and 
the  final  transistors.  Make  sure  you 
bend  all  the  capacitors  over  towards 
the  board  when  you  install  them,  so 
when  the  time  comes  to  put  the  whole 
unit  together,  you  won't  risk  damag- 
ing them.  Two  heat  sinks  are  mounted 
on  the  back  panel  after  alignment, 
allowing  for  easy  access  to  the  PA 
during  alignment.  • 

Alignment  requires  only  a  VTVM 
and  a  receiver  capabEe  of  copying 
WWV,  I  used  a  1  Hz  to  120  MHz 
frequency  counter  for  maximum 
accuracy  in  setting  the  transmit  and 
receiver  offsets.  AM  alignment  cables, 
tools,  and  even  a  dummy  load  are 
included  by  Heath.  The  builder  is 
instructed  to  build  the  dummy  load 
out  of  two  100  Ohm  2  Watt  resistors 
in  parallel  and  a  phone  plug.  (This 
assembly  can  be  put  aside  after  com- 
pleting the  kit  to  serve  as  a  dummy 
load  for  future  projects,) 

The  signal  strength /relative  power 
meter  is  used  In  alignment  of  the 
receiver,  and  also  in  peaking  the  trans- 
mitter and  power  amplifier  boards. 
Later  on,  the  transmitter  board  is  used 
to  provide  a  low  level  signal  for 
peaking  the  receiver.  Of  course,  if  you 
owned  a  bench  full  of  test  equipment, 
alignment  could  be  done  with  a  signal 
generator,  but  Heath  keeps  the  pro- 
cess pure  and  simple,  The  13  pages  of 
alignment  took  a  total  of  3  hours, 
making  the  total  construction  time  29 
hours  and  45  minutes  from  cracking 


Past  the  halfway  point  in  construction  of  the  HW2036,  Note  the  Heath 
assembly  manual  and  fold -outs. 


Partial  assembly  of  the  HW-2036  from  another  view,  with  scores  of  PCB  pins 
running  off  the  wiring  harness. 


37 


the  box  to  making  the  first  GSO. 

If  there's  one  failing  of  the  Heath 
2036,  it's  the  lack  of  dial  lighting  on 
the  thumbwheel  switches  used  for 
frequency  selection.  One  solution 
would  be  to  drill  a  mounting  hole  into 
the  front  panel,  just  over  the  switches. 
That  may  be  less  attractive  than  an 
outboard  mount,  to  minimize  damage 
to  the  radio,  especially  if  the  illumina- 
tion solution  is  attempted  after  con- 
struction Is  complete.  With  the  help  of 
W1ZAW,  we  came  up  with  an  out- 
board solution  requiring  no  drilling 
and  no  circuit  modifications. 

All  you  need  Is  a  one  inch  piece  of 
polystyrene  (color  doesn't  matter},  a 
Sylvania  type  1 2ES  12  V  bulb,  and 
some  Eastman  Kodak  type  910 
cement  If  you  want  to  use  a  6  V  bulb 
(Sylvania  6ES),  we  suggest  a  47  Ohm 
Vi  Watt  resistor. 

To  install  the  dial  light,  remove  the 
top  and  bottom  covers  per  Heath's 
instructions.  Then  remove  the  upper 
right- hand  mounting  screw,  washer, 
and  bolt  from  the  thumbwheel  switch 
assembly.  Using  number  20  insulated 
wire,  color  keyed  for  B+  and  ground, 
solder  the  leads  onto  the  bulb  as  close 
to  the  base  as  possible,  (Be  careful  to 
avoid  shorts  at  this  point.)  Run  the 
leads  through  the  front  panel  (using 
the* now  empty  switch  assembly  screw 
hole)  and  dress  the  wires  across  the 
top  of  the  switch  assembly  case. 
Solder  ground  to  the  lugs  on  top  of 
the  VCO  board  case,  and  the  B+  lead 
to  the  12  V  line  running  between  the 
synthesizer  lock  and  signal  indicator 
LEDs.  This  completes  the  wiring. 

To  mount  the  dial  light,  first  glue 
the  polystyrene  strip  (centered)  above 
the  thumb  switch  assembly  on  the 
front  panel,  8e  especially  careful  not 
to  get  any  of  the  type  910  glue  onto 
your  fingers  or  hands  —  Eastman  says 
surgery  has  been  necessary  in  cases 
where  people  ended  up  gluing  their 
fingers  togetherl  Next,  glue  the  bulb 
(as  shown  in  the  photograph)  onto  the 
polystyrene,  making  sure  that  the 
bulb  protrudes  at  least  %  inch  beyond 
the  front  panel.  Finally,  tape  { with 
electrical  or  mystic  tape}  over  the  top 
and  front  of  the  bulb  to  direct  the 
light  downwards  towards  the  switches. 

Heath  did  choose  very  bright  mark- 
ings for  the  calibrations  on  the  thumb- 
wheels, so  it  isn't  necessary  to  get  a 
great  deal  of  light  on  them  for  il- 
lumination. Shoot  for  the  least  possi- 
ble light  necessary  to  prolong  the  life 
of  the  bulb.  Another  point  to  watch  is 
that  the  bulb  and  its  wiring  leads  are 


Lighting  modr  as  described  in  the  text, 
for  the  Heath  HW-2036. 

mounted  far  enough  above  the 
switches  so  as  not  to  interfere  with 
their  operation. 

Normally,  Keene  NH,  being  the 
valley  it  ls(  is  not  what  you'd  call  an 
outstanding  VHF  location.  But  with 
the  2036  and  a  CushCraft  Ringo 
Ranger  antenna  up  30  feet,  I  could 
work  04-64  in  Waltham  MA  (just 
outside  Boston)  regularly.  In  my 
judgment,  the  receiver  is  quite  hot, 
and  certainly  consistent  with  Heath's 
claim  of  .5  uV  for  12  dB  SIIMAD-  A 
great  addition  to  the  rig  is  a  sub- 
audibEe  tone  encoder  which  can  be  set 
up  for  three  different  tones  for 
repeater  access. 

If  you  run  across  a  problem  with 
the  synthesizer  not  locking  when  you 
bring  the  rig  out  into  the  cold  car,  try 
tweaking  the  synthesizer  in  a  colder 
atmosphere.  A  fellow  on  the  Maiden 
MA  19-79  machine  suggested  the 
above  after  his  problems  with  the 
cold. 

Three  other  stations  running 
HW  2036s  were  contacted  almost 
immediately  after  construction  was 
finished.  They  all  raved  about  the 
radio  and  had  experienced  no  major 
problems  in  assembly.  Performance  of 
the  HW-2036  over  the  last  month  and 
a  half  has  been  very  consistent  with 
what  you'd  expect  on  the  basis  of 
company  specifications.  And  the  fact 
that  any  problems  down  the  road 
won't  force  me  to  send  the  rig  back  to 
the  factory  is  a  good  feeling  —  since  I 
built  my  rlgf  I'm  not  afraid  to  tear 
into  it  How  many  of  you  can  say 
that? 

PaulHebertWAlVJl 
Keene  NH 


VENUS  SCIENTIFIC  INC. 
CI  CAMERA  SLOW  SCAN/ 

FAST  SCAN  AND  SS2 
SLOW  SCAN  TV  MONITOR 

Not  being  really  involved  with 
SSTV,  I  was  hesitant  to  accept  the 
assignment  to  test  and  review  Venus 
Scientific's  CI  Slow  Scan/Fast  Scan 
Camera  and  SS2  Slow  Scan  TV  Moni- 
tor. In  fact,  up  until  that  time,  I  was 
not  very  impressed  with  any  of  the 
slow  scan  systems  I  had  seen, 

I  reluctantly  carried  the  equipment 
home  into  the  shack.  I  opened  the 
boxes  with  all  intentions  of  spending 
the  remainder  of  the  evening  soldering 
wires  and  adjusting  sync  controls.  As  I 
opened  the  first  carton,  what  ap- 
peared was  a  4-3/4"  x  10"  x  516"  box 
with  a  lens  on  one  end.  It  was  the  C1 
Camera.  Along  the  top  were  the  slow 
scan  controls  (three  knobs  and  three 
rocker  switches).  The  knobs  control 
the  contrast,  brightness,  and  framing. 
The  rocker  switches  are  for  the  bar 
generator,  mode  (fast  or  slow  scan) 
selection,  and  positive/negative  image, 
On  the  rear  panel  there  was  a  sik  pin 
male  Jones  plug,  a  focus  control,  an 
output  socket,  a  power  switch,  and  an 
ac  power  cord.  An  accessory  cable, 
video  cable,  and  Instruction  manuals 
were  included  in  the  carton. 

The  other  box  contained  the  SS2 
Slow  Scan  Monitor.  The  monitor 
measures  10  3/4"  x  12"  x  5".  The 
front  of  the  monitor,  besides  contain- 
ing the  screen,  has  five  controls.  These 
are  for  brightness,  contrast,  power 
o  ff  /receiver/tape/camera,  accu 
sync/re-scan,  and  voice/video.  The 
back  panel  contains  sockets  for  inputs 
from  a  slow  scan  camera,  a  receiver,  a 
tape  deck,  a  microphone,,  and  a  tele- 
phone line.  There  are  outputs  for  a 
tape  deck,  the  transmitter  microphone 
input,  and  115  V  ac.  An  accessory 
socket  is  also  provided. 

This  brought  me  to  the  realization 
that  I  would  not  be  in  for  a  night  of 
soldering.  The  accessory  cable  con- 
nects the  6  pin  Jones  plug  on  the 
camera  to  the  accessory  socket  on  the 
back  of  the  monitor,  I  did  this  and 
plugged  the  units  into  my  household 
current.  I  turned  the  monitor  on  first 
{as  was  specified  in  the  instructions), 
and  then  the  camera.  I  connected  a 
cable  from  the  rf  output  of  the 
camera  to  the  antenna  terminals  of 
my  TV  set„  turned  the  set  to  channel 


The  complete  Venus  SSTV  outfit  The 
camera  has  a  built-in  slow  scan  bar 
generator;  the  monitor  is  available 
either  as  a  kit  or  factory  assembled. 


Close-up  of  the  Venus  C1  camera,  ft  will  handle  both  fast  and  slow  scan,  and 
can  be  operated  in  horizontal  or  vertical  format 


3  {this  channel  is  preset  at  the  factory, 
but  any  channel  between  2  and  6  can 
be  set),  and  pressed  the  button  on  the 
camera  back  which  switches  from 
video  to  rf  output.  Just  like  that, 
there  was  a  blurry  picture  on  the 
screen  of  the  TV.  I  adjusted  the  focus 
and  wham  mo!  There  was  a  fantastic 
picture.  No  soldering,  no  fooling  with 
controls!  It  was  a  15  minute  process. 
The  next  step  was  slow  scan,  and 
this  I  'Jknew"  would  take  some  time.  I 
rotated  the  camera  90  degrees,  as  is 
necessary  when  changing  from  fast  to 
stow  scan.  This  puts  the  slow  scan 
controls  on  the  top  of  the  camera.  I 
rriade  sure  the  image  was  focused  on 
fast  scan,  then  I  switched  the  rocker 
switch  to  slow  scan.  I  rotated  the 
frame  control  to  full  frame.  Then 
came  a  very  impressive  procedure 
which  is  outlined  in  the  instruction 
book.  I  set  the  mode  switch  on  the 
monitor  to  "accu  sync"  and  turned  on 
the  bar  generator  on  the  camera.  1 
then  rotated  the  contrast  control  on 
the  camera  fully  clockwise  and  ad- 
justed the  brightness  control  so  that 
the  display  on  the  monitor  clipped 
equally  on  the  top  and  bottom.  I  then 
adjusted  the  contrast  control  until 
there  was  little  or  no  clipping.  Then  I 
turned  the  monitor  back  to  operate, 
touched  up  the  brightness  and  con- 
trast on  the  monitor,  and  there  it  was! 
A  perfectly  adjusted  clear  slow  scan 
picture  forming  right  before  my  eyes. 
A  five  minute  process  from  fast  scan 
to  slow  scan! 

I  just  couldn't  believe  it  was  that 
simple.  Over  the  course  of  the  even- 
ing, instead  of  soldering  and  syncing,  I 
was  having  fun*  I  made  tapes  of 
various  pictures  and  played  them 
back.  I  let  the  kids  put  on  their  own 
TV  show  with  the  fast  scan.  I  just 
couldn't  wait  for  the  weekend  to  try 
it  out  on  20  meters. 

The  weekend  finally  came  and  I 
was  set.  I  had  the  TV  equipment 
interfaced  to  my  rig  and  was  ready  to 
go.  First  I  just  listened  and  copied 
signals.  Perfect  copy  on  clear  signals  I 
recorded  and  later  reviewed.  At  last  it 
was  time  for  me  to  try  my  hand  at 
sending  pictures.  I  listened  around 
14.230  MHz  until  I  picked  up  a 
station  in  Florida.  After  a  brief  ex- 
planation that  this  was  my  first  SSTV 
QSO,  I  sent  my  first  picture.  The 
report  was  excellent  and  I  was  on  my 
way.  I  spent  the  rest  of  the  afternoon 
having  fun  again. 

IVly  one  regret  is  that  there  is  not 
very  much  ATV  activity  here  In  New 
Hampshire,  but  I  am  trying  to  stimu- 
late some  interest  so  I  can  use  this 
camera  on  VHF. 

In  that  one  evening,  my  whole  idea 
of  amateur  TV,  be  it  slow  or  fast  scan, 
changed.  I  learned  you  do  not  have  to 
be  a  video  technician  to  enjoy  its 
rewards  and,  if  you  use  the  right 
equipment,  the  results  are  very  im- 
pressive. It  has  made  a  believer  out  of 
me  and  1  hope  to  enjoy  many  years  at 
this  facet  of  our  hobby. 

The  Venus  camera  and  monitor 
would  be  an  excellent  choice  for 
anyone  interested  in  amateur  TV,  be 
he  a  newcomer  or  old-timer.  Maybe 
someday  we'll  have  a  QSO  and  you 
can  copy  my  pix. 

Venus    C1     Slow    Scan/Fast    Scan 


38 


Camera  $385;  Venus  SS2  Monitor  Kit, 
$235;  wired,  $285.  Venus  Scientific 
lnc*f  399  Smith  Street  Farmingdate 
NY  11735. 

Rich  Force  WB1ASL 
Associate  Editor 

HUFCO  DIGI-DIAL  ADAPTOR 

Hufco  of  Provo,  Utah,  has  come  up 
wfth  a  neat  little  device  for  hams  who 
have  a  counter  and  would  like  to  use 
it  for  transceiver  direct  frequency 
readout. 

Known  as  the  Digi-Dial  Adaptor, 
thus  unit  heterodynes  the  output  from 
the  transceiver  variable  frequency 
oscillator  (VFO)  with  a  variable 
crystal  oscillator  tVXO)  frequency 
generated  in  the  Digi-Dial  Adaptor,  to 
produce  a  2.0  to  2,5  MHz  frequency 
for  the  input  of  a  digital  frequency 
counter,  The  VFO  must  generate  a 
frequency  of  5.0  to  5,5  MHz-  The 
actual  readout  of  the  frequency 
counter  wiM  depend  upon  the  number 
of  digital  readouts  available,  but  there 
must  be  enough  to  perrrirt  2,000  to 
2JJ00  MHz  to  appear,  in  order  to  be 
useful,  The  first  digit  (2)  is  ignored, 
and  the  reading  000  to  500  represents, 
directly  in  kHz,  the  frequency  being 
received  or  transmitted  for  any  ama- 
teur band,  with  some  over- coverage. 
For  instance,  assuming  the  bands  witch 
was  set  for  14.0  MHz,  the  frequency 
will  be  understood  as  reading  from 
14,000  to  14.500,  but  will  appear  as 
2,000  to  2.500. 

The  circuit  of  the  Digi-Dial  Adaptor 
accommodates  either  VFOs  that 
compensate  for  upper  and  lower  side- 
band shift  (such  as  Heathkit),  or  those 
that  do  not. 

Prior  to  purchasing  the  Digi-Dial 
Adaptor,  I  inquired  of  Hufco  regard- 
ing whether  or  not  the  unit  would 
operate  with  my  particular  transceiver 
—  a  Heathkit  SB-101.  A  very  prompt 
personal  reply  from  Jim  Huffman 
WA7SCB  assured  me  that  it  would, 
and  \  placed  an  order.  Within  days  I 
received  a  card  teMng  me  that  ship- 
ment would  be  made  in  about  a  week, 
and  sure  enough,  it  arrived  on  sched- 
ule. 

From  the  very  start,  I  was  pleased 
with  the  production  of  this  kit.  All 
parts,  including  the  circuit  board, 
were  enclosed  in  one  plastic  pack, 
with  the  individual  items  of  a  similar 
nature  grouped  so  that  it  was  very 
easy  to  check. 

The  board  is  excellent  —  with  a 
good  commercial  etch  and  outstand- 
ing plating  characteristics,  soldering  is 
a  breeze.  Drilling  is  perfect,  and  the 
component  side  is  screened  for  all 
component  identities. 

Important    connection    points   are 

additionally  identified  on  the  etched 


side  of  the  board.  On  the  board  I 
received,  two  transistors  had  the  same 
board  designation,  but  this  created  no 
problem  because  both  transistors  were 
of  the  same  type. 

Parts  in  the  kit  are  of  premium 
quality*  Four  similar  encapsulated 
inductances  are  marked  in  micro- 
henries in  the  standard  color  code, 
which  makes  any  errors  in  the  instal- 
lation of  these  practically  impossible, 

The  Instructions  accompanying  the 
kit  are  very  extensive  and  complete, 
considering  the  size  of  the  kit.  How- 
ever, this  is  certainly  not  a  detraction, 
because  every  one  of  the  16  pages  is 
helpful,  providing  as  it  does,  theory  of 
operation,  parts  list,  assembly  instruc- 
tions, tune  up,  many  diagrams,  etc, 
One  photograph,  which  has  applica- 
tion only  to  anyone  who  is  using  the 
adaptor  with  one  of  Hufco's  counters, 
has  not  reproduced  well,  The  circuit 
diagram  of  the  unit  includes  all  infor- 
mation ever  needed  for  servicing,  such 
as  exact  normal  voltages  at  every 
component  operating  point,  all  values, 
all  designators,  and  all  external  con- 
nections. 

A  problem  became  apparent  with 
my  adaptor  at  turn-on  time.  Trouble- 
shooting the  unit  using  the  excellent 
schematic  voltage  references  quickly 
identified  an  FET  as  the  culprit  lx  is 
entirely  possible  that  this  was  zapped 
during  handling  (even  though  this 
device  is  diode- protected),  as  the 
humidity  at  the  time  was  around  10% 
and  static  charges  easily  accumulated, 
which  only  emphasizes  the  need  for 
care  in  handling  these  devices. 

A  note  to  Hufco  brought  an 
immediate   replacement   in   the   next 

mail.  Following  installation  of  the 
new  FET,  no  further  problems  were 
encountered,  and,  after  putting  the 
VXO  on  frequency,  installation  to  the 
VFO  was  simple.  Installation  for  each 
transceiver  make  is  a  little  different, 
but  the  manual  clearly  describes 
hook-up  for  all  currently  popular 
transceivers.  Power  supply  circuitry  is 
part  of  the  Digi-Dial  board  assembly, 
so  that  the  only  external  requirements 
are  6.3  volts  ac.  Five  volts  dc  may  be 
used  directly  if  desired, 

About  a  month  after  receiving  the 
kit,  I  was  pleasantly  surprised  to 
receive  a  postcard  from  Hufco  hoping 
that  I  had  the  kit  working  and  offer- 


ing help  if  I  had  any  problems.  A  nice 
gesture. 

For  those  looking  for  a  unit  that 
will  perform  as  stated,  the  Hufco 
Digi-Dial  seems  to  be  the  answer  from 
all  points  of  view.  Priced  at  $39.95  for 
the  kit,  and  $49.95  assembled, 
shipping  charges  paid,  it  is  available 
from  Hufco,  P.  O.  Box  357,  Provo, 
Utah  84601. 

A.  A,  Wicks  W6SWZ 
Agoura  CA 


COMMUNICATIONS  ELECTRONICS 
INTRODUCES  THE  BEARCAT  210 

Communications  Electronics  has  in- 
troduced its  new  5  band,  push-button, 
programmable,  crystal-less  super 
synthesized  scanner.  Named  the  Sear- 
cat  210,  this  unique  scanning  instru 
ment  gives  the  user  push-button  access 
to  more  than  16,000  different  fre- 
quencies including  2  meters  and  the 
entire  3/4  meter  amateur  band. 

The  Communications  Electronics 
Bearcat  210  is  literally  packed  with 
exclusive  space  age  electronic  advance- 
men  ts  and  features.  Completely 
synthesized  circuitry,  including  Bear- 
cat custom  designed  Integrated  cir- 
cuits, makes  possible  lower  cost  and 
higher  reliability. 

The  user  never  needs  to  worry 
about  buying  crystals.  The  synthesizer 
circuitry  permits  one  to  enter  or 
change  any  ten  frequencies  in  a  matter 
of  seconds-  The  unit  will  then  scan 
those  frequencies  at  a  rate  of  20 
channels  per  second.  A  large  digital 
input  and  readout  display  allows  the 
operator  to  see  the  frequencies  he  has 
selected,  as  well  as  the  frequencies 
currently  being  broadcast.  Rolling 
zeros  on  the  large  LED  display,  a 
Bearcat  exclusive,  also  indicate  chan- 
nels being  scanned. 

The  search  feature  on  the  Bearcat 
210  is  fantastic'  With  this  feature,  you 
can  locate  and  identify  the  fre- 
quencies that  are  currently  in  use  by 
reading  the  frequency  directly  from 
the  seven  segment  LED  readout.  This 
makes  this  scanner  ideal  for  dis- 
covering those  "hidden"  or  nonpub- 
lished  frequencies, 

In  addition  to  an  automatic  fre- 
quency search  feature  which  allows 
the  operator  to  listen  to  selected 
segments  of  the  different  frequency 


NEW  BOOK 


RTTY  HANDBOOK 

swpag*  191 


bands,  there  is  a  selectable  two  second 
scan  delay  that  permits  the  listener  to 
hear  all  the  excitement  and  prevent 
missing  transmissions  when  "calls" 
and  "answers"  are  on  the  same  fre- 
quency, A  push-button  lockout 
feature  allows  selective  skipping  of 
those  channels  not  of  current  interest. 
Other  features  include  117  V  ac  or 
13.8  V  dcP  a  large  front  speaker  with  2 
Watts  rms  output,  slope  front  for  easy 
programming  and  vehicular  use, 
patented  track  tuning,  tone  bypass, 
and  many  of  the  traditional  features 
that  have  made  Bearcat  scanners  the 
most  sophisticated  ones  at  Com- 
munications Electronics.  The  Bearcat 
210  covers  32-50  MHz,  146-174  MHz. 
and  416-512  MHz,  with  a  sensitivity 
of  0.6  uV  for  12  dB  Si  NAD  on  low 
and  high  bands. 

The  Communications  Electronics 
Bearcat  210  is  mail  order  priced  at 
$319,95,  and  CE  still  offers  their 
unique  "guaranteed  lowest  price" 
sales  policy.  You  can  place  a  tele- 
phone order  on  their  toil  free  USA  24 
hour  order  line  800-521*4414  and 
charge  it  to  a  BankAmericard  or 
Mastercharge.  In  Michigan  and  outside 
the  USA  dial  313-994-4441.  To  order 
by  mail,  or  for  a  free  catalog  Including 
a  four  page  full  color  brochure  de- 
scribing the  Bearcat  210  as  well  as 
CE's  other  electronic  products,  write: 
Communications  Etectronics,  P,0* 
Box  1002,  Dept.  RS-3,  Ann  Arbor, 
Michigan  48106  USA, 


OK  MACHINE  AND  TOOL 

CORPORATION'S 

HOBBY-WRAP  TOOL 

If  you  have  ever  built  a  micropro- 
cessor kit,  or  any  other  complex 
digital  device,  you  know  soldering  is 
not  the  ideaE  way  to  make  hundreds 
of  interconnections.  The  technique  of 
"wire-wrapping"  allows  easy  circuit 
construction,  and  when  the  inevitable 
mistake  occurs,  it  is  a  simple  process 


Hufco's  Digi-Dial  Adaptor. 


The  Bearcat  210  programmable  scanner. 


The  OK  Machine  and  Tool  Corpora- 
tion Hobby-Wrap  Toot. 


39 


to  disconnect  and  rewire  the  of- 
fending connection,  A  special  wire- 
wrap  tool  is  required  to  correctly  and 
securely  "attach"  the  wire  to  iCsock- 
ets.  These  tools  range  from  simple 
hand-operated  devices  that  are  useful 
for  very  small  jobs  all  the  way  to 
bulky  a c-o oersted  devices  with  the 
associated  power  cord, 

The  best  approach  to  wire-wrap- 
ping is  the  Hobby-Wrap  Tool,  manu- 
factured by  the  OK  Machine  and  Tool 
Corporation.  This  wrapping  tool  is 
motor  driven  for  ease  o1  use,  vet  is 
battery  operated,  eliminating  the  trail- 
ing power  cord.  The  device  is  powered 
by  two  size  "C"  celts,  and  weighs  only 
1 1  ounces.  The  wire  bit  accepts  stan- 
dard 30  AWG  wire  for  ,025  inch 
square  DIP  stakes.  The  bit  produces 
the  "modified"  wrapp  which  wraps  a 
two  turn  layer  of  insulation  around 
the  stake  for  complete  mechanical 
security.  I  used  the  tool  to  wrap  a 
CPU  board  and  found  it  a  pleasure  to 
use.  Each  wrap  was  uniform,  and  the 
battery -powered  motor  allowed  com- 
plete flexibility  when  maneuvering  in- 
to tight  corners  on  the  board.  The 
battery  lasted  for  the  entire  session. 
The  best  feature  of  the  rugged  Hob- 
by Wrap  Tool,  however,  is  the  price. 
The  device  is  available  for  $34.95, 
which  puts  professional  wire- wrapping 
within  the  means  of  every  serious 
hobbyist.  OK  Machine  and  Tool  Cor- 
poration, 3455  Conner  St. .  Bronx  N  Y 
10475 

John  W>  Molnar  WB2ZCF 
Executive  Editor 

NEW  HAMTRONICS  CATALOG 
A  PA/preamp  unit  for  2  meter 
walkie-talkies,  6  new  test  probe  kits, 
and  a  VHF  FM  receiver  kit  model  are 
featured  in  the  new  Hamtronies  cata- 
log- The  24  page  edition  contains  a 
wealth  of  gear,  including  UHF  FM 
receiver  and  transmitter  kits,  scanner 
adapters,  multichannel  adapters,  and  a 
vast  array  of  ac  power  supplies.  To 
receive  your  copy,  write  Hamtronies, 
Inc.,  182  Belmont  Road,  Rochester 
NY  14612.  It's  yours  for  an  SASE. 

SOLDERLESS,  CABL1  MOUNTED 
FEMALE  UHF  SERIES 

CONNECTOR 

A  new  "In- Line"  SO  239  type 
connector  for  both  OEM  and  field 
application  use  has  been  introduced 
py  Gold  Line,  the  nation's  largest 
manufacturer  of  CB  accessories. 

A  Gold  Line  spokesman  said  that 
the  units  are  available  for  RG-58/U 
type  cable  in  both  bulk  for  OEM  use 
and  single  packaged  for  the  distrEbu 
tors'  shelves.  The  No.  72  series  con 
nector  eliminates  the  need  for  double 
female  splice  connectors  (PL-2581 
when  additional  cable  lengths  are 
required.   A  unique  crimping  of  the 


center  conductor  is  featured  with 
manual  or  production  ferrules  avail- 
able along  with  production  tools.  The 
model  72-F  designates  a  completely 
solder!  ess,  fietd-assemb  labia  unit 
intended  for  sale  through  the  Gold 
Line  national  distributor  system,  Gold 
Line  designs  and  produces  a  complete 
line  of  accessories  for  the  CB,  ham 
and  marine  radio  markets.  Gold  Line 
Connector,  Inc.,  P.O.  Box  393;  fast 
Norwafk  CT  06855,  (203}  853  1211. 

BRAMMALL  BARRELS 
Various  locking  devices  are  avail- 
able to  prevent  the  ripping-off  of  your 
transceiver,  stereo,  etc.  Sut  as  some- 
one has  said,  "A  lock  only  keeps  out 
an  honest  man"  —  and  this  applies  to 
any  of  these  devices  when  confronted 
by  a  determined  thief  who  has  plenty 
of  time. 

Now  there  is  a  lock  available  which 
probably  makes  the  rip-off  about  as 
tough  as  possible  for  any  thief.  De- 
signed originally  for  CB  transceivers,  it 
may  be  used  equally  as  well  for  any 
bracket- mounted  amateur  transceiver, 
stereo  radio,  or  cartridge/cassette 
player. 

Incidentally,  most  insurance 
companies  will  insure  a  mobile  radio 
which  Is  locked  in,  without  applying 
the  additionaE  premium  for  "CB7B 
track." 

Several  unique  design  features  have 
been  included  in  this  rather  simple 
locking  device,  known  as  the  8 ram- 
mall  Barrels.  As  shown  in  the  photo- 
graph, a  tapered  cylinder  fits  over  the 
hole  for  each  of  two  of  the  mounting 
screws,  which  are  replaced.  After 
tightening  the  screws,  the  barrel  lock 
including  key  is  inserted  in  each  of 
the  cylinders,  and,  once  the  key  is 
removed,  the  lock  barrels  prevent 
access  to  the  screws  on  each  side  of 
the  mounting  bracket. 

The  purpose  of  the  tapered  barrel  is 
to  prevent  a  thief  from  breaking  off 
the  barrels  with  a  pipe  -  a  frequent 
method  of  stealing  a  unit  with  non- 
tapered  similar  locks.  The  manufac- 
turer claims  a  unique  preventative  to 
another  act  of  thievery  whereby  the 
chief  inserts  a  screwdriver  in  the  key 
slot  and  works  the  barrel  off>  Because 
B  ram  ma  1 1  Barrels  cylinders  spin  freely 
once  installed,  the  barrels  cannot  be 
twisted  off-  Each  key  is  individually 
keyed  to  the  lock  with  which  it  is 
supplied,  thus  making  the  possibility 
of  duplicate  keys  from  the  manufac- 
turer almost  no n-exi stent, 

At  S9,95  a  set,  the  Brammall  Bar- 
rels provide  about  the  least  costly 
form  of  theft  insurance  available 
today.  They  are  available  in  rnostCB, 
amateur,  and  hi-fi  outlets.  Manu- 
factured by  Brammall,  Inc.,  Box  208, 
Angola,  Indians  46703. 

A,  A.  Wicks  W6SWZ 
Agoura  CA 


1977  AMATEUR  RADIO 
EQUIPMENT  DIRECTORY 

The  most  complete  buyer's  guide 
ever  on  amateur  radio  equipment  has 
been  published  by  Kenoore  Corpora- 
tion. Over  130  pages  and  70  different 
manufacturer /distributor    listings    are 
included,    along    with    one    element 
traditionally  missing  from  product  ads 
—   list  prices.    Recent   letters  to  the 
editor  would  indicate  some  frustration 
with  the  lack  of  prices  in  manufac- 
turers' ads,   and  the   '77   equipment 
directory  is  bound  to  go  a  long  way 
towards  plugging  the  information  gap. 
Mot  only  are  prices  included,  but  each 
product    is    well    illustrated    with   a 
photograph  and  the   most  complete 
listing  of  specifications  possible.  Many 
of  the  pages  will  be  familiar  to  readers 
of  73 1  since  the  publisher  used  a  large 
number    of   ads    and    manufacturers' 
brochures  that  have  appeared  in  the 
various     magazines.      In     all     cases, 
Kengore   has  added  the  prices  and, 
where  necessary,  additional  informa- 
tion that  may  have  been  missing  from 
the  original  The  1977  Amateur  Radio 
Equipment  Directory  sells  for  $2.95 
and  will  undoubtedly  be  in  demand 
among    hams    and    would-be    hams, 
whether  their  interest  is  horse  trading, 
buying,    or   just   drooling   over  what 
gear  they'd  like  to  have.  (The  direc- 
tory may  not  be  too  popular  among 
wives,   parents,   or  others  concerned 
about  amateurs  spending  money.)  The 
directory    is  available   from   Kengore 
Corp.,    W2TGH    Editor /Publisher,    9 
James     Avenue,     Kendal  f     Park     NJ 
08824. 

O.K.  TOOL'S 
SPEED  WRAP  TOOL 

The  new  G 200/ R 3278  Speed  Wrap 
Tool  is  designed  to  produce  solder  Jess 
wire-wrapped  connections  by  merely 
squeezing  the  trigger,  The  hardened 
steel  working  parts  ensure  long  life 
and  troublefree  service.  It  is  enclosed 
in  Lexan  (Trademark  of  General  Elec- 
tric Company)  housing,  enabling  the 
tool  to  be  light  in  weight,  and  is 
designed  for  production  line  and  field 
service  use  in  the  electronic,  telecom- 
munications, and  appliance  industries. 
For  22  30  AWG. 

Wire- wrapping  provides  a  positive, 


ttti\»n  %wr-  mUfuimm 


1977  AMATEUR  RADIO 
EQUIPMENT  DIRECTORY 

SINCLAIR 


S  v:iifitt 

ALU  9- 


tlMMJ  J!T 


fofmm    o*t 


jo-las 


Etfm. 


|»TKfl  RmtArat       (*  J0f,tl  — - 

I     SPECTRUM       WJtoiwf***       QJFhmat 

fKENwooo!    Huko    FH'ICOMl 


uniform,  ''gas-tight"  connection.  OK 
Machine  and  Tool  Corporation,  3455 
Conner  Street  Bronx  NY  10475. 

RF  TRANSFORMER  MATCHES 
VERTICAL  ANTENNAS 

Palo  mar  Engineers  has  introduced  a 
wideband  rf  transformer  rated  at  5  kW 
PEP  (2  kW  ON  CCS)  from  1-30  WIN*, 
Taps  are  provided  to  match  50  Ohm 
coaxial  cable  to  32,  28,  22,  18,  12r  8, 
or  5  Ohm  antennas.  The  transformer 
is  unbalancedto-unbaianced  for  use 
with  short  vertical  and  whip  antennas. 

Quarter  wave  antennas  or  short 
verticals  that  have  been  resonated 
with  loading  coils  can  be  matched  to 
50  Ohm  coaxial  cable  by  selecting  the 
proper  tap  on  the  rf  transformer.  In 
many  cases,  the  transformer  can  be 
used  instead  Of  an  antenna  tuner.  It  is 
much  smaller  than  a  tuner  of  equiv 
alent  power  handling  capability,  is  less 
expensive,  and  is  more  efficient.  It  has 
particular  application  to  phased 
vertical  directional  array. 

The  transformer  is  wound  with 
teflon  insulated  wire  on  an  rf  ferrite 
toroid  core,  has  UHF  (SO-239)  con^ 
nectors,  and  is  epoxy  encapsulated  in 
a  white  PVC  case  so  that  it  can  be 
used  in  any  climate.  Loss  through  the 
transformer  is  less  than  0.1  dB.  Size  Is 
3%"  diameter  and  2%"  high.  Price  is 
$42.50  postpaid  in  U.S.  and  Canada. 
For  additional  information,  write  to 
Pafomar  Engineers,  P-O,  Box  455 1 
Escondido  CA  92025, 


Gold  Line  Model  No,  72-F* 


Goid  Line  Model  No,  72^ 


Pafomar  Engineers  rf  matching  transformer  for  use  with  vertical  antennas. 


40 


Don't  sacrifice  maximum  power  output 
and  high  efficiency  for  linearazation.  The 
BLUE  LINE  offers  you  the  best  of  both 
designs.  The  BLUE  LINE  amplifiers  are 
engineered  using  the  latest  state  of  the 
art  stripline  technology.  This  design  tech- 
nology means  efficient  broad  band  output 
with  a  very  high  degree  of  mechanical 
stability. 


Vnf  engineering    is  the  only  name 

you  have  to  remember  when  it  comes  to 
VHF  or  UHF  amplifiers,  just  look  at  the 
variety  available. 


POWER 

POWER 

1 

WIRED  AND 

MODE  L 

FREQUENCY 

EMISSION 

INPUT 

OUTPUT 

TESTED  PRICE 

BLB  3/150 

45-    55MHz 

CW-FM-SSB/AM 

3W 

tsow 

TBA 

BLC  10/70 

140-160MH? 

CW-FM-SSB/AM 

10W 

70W 

13995 

BLC  2/70 

140-IGOMHz 

CW-FM-SSB/AM 

2W 

70W 

169,95 

SLC  10/150 

140*1 60MHz 

CWFM-SS8/AM 

10W 

150W 

259.95 

BLC  30/150 

140  160MHz 

CW-FM  SSB/AM 

30W 

150W 

239.96 

BLO  2/60 

220-230MHz 

CW-FM-SSB/AM 

2W 

60W 

159,95 

BLD  10/60 

22O-230MHz 

CW-FM-SSB/AM 

10W 

60W 

139,95 

BLD  10/T2Q 

220230MHz 

CW-FM-SSB/AM 

10W 

120W 

259-95 

BLE  10/40 

420-470MHZ 

CW-FM-SSB/AM 

10W 

40W 

139,95 

BLE  2/40 

420-470MHZ 

CW-FM-SSB/AM 

2W 

40W 

159.96 

BLE  30/80 

420-470 

CW-FM-SSB/AM 

30W 

BOW 

269.95 

BLE  10/80 

420-470 

CW-FM-SSB/AM 

10W 

SOW 

239.95 

Don't  fo 

rget  our  popular  PA  2501   and  PA-4010  at  $74.95  (w 

red  and  taste 

d)  $59.95  (Kit) 

Export  prices  slightly  higher.    Prices  subject  to  change. 


AVAILABLE  AT  THESE  DEALERS 


CALIFORNIA 
C  &  A  Electronic  Enterpriwri    Cittan.  CA 
COS  ECactroniet  &  KuEiln»i   MatcedJ,  CA 
Electronic  tnttnirrw,  H  to  L»n0«    CA 
SO*  Elecf«<.  Fr*wno.  CA 
Srquau  St«#o    Inc.,  E'i'#**   CA 
Ttht-Cffm  Electronic*   Sen  JdH,  CA 
W«Kom.  San  U*-cOV  CA 
ZacKii  Corporation,  Valletta.  CA 

COLORADO 
MtNMiJng  Po-jk  &  E*ectrQ™*gnet»e*  Omanee. 
CornffluniutkHV  Soacialtiei.  Aurora.  CO 

FLORIDA 
Amitluf  Wholesale  Elect  ,  Mumi,  F  L 
Wert  <nd,«  Sale*  Co  .  tfd  .  Miami  FL 


rowA 

Bob  Smiip  Electron  res.  Fan  Dodge.  lA 
Ouac  Cirv  Ham,  &  C  B    Sales    Davemjort.  I A 

Cohoofl  Am#t*up  Si-nnly.  Trenton,  KT 


LOUISIANA 
Ftjbfitt  L-  Beie*  Radta 


Inc.  NtwOrltflni.  LA 


NEW  YORK 
Aire*  Certimu nation*  Corp  „  F**«PO»l.  Nv 
Barry  Electron i ct,  Hv*  Vc- 
CFP  Intirptivi  Hottaheadi,  NY 
Delmar  Electronic*.  W    Babylon,  L   i.Nv 
Lorflf  Electronic!,  O^fltnflsure,  NY 
VHF  CommLinictUoni   Jam**ro*rn.  NY 


CO 


ILLINOIS 

•C  leu*  «*tj.o    l»C 


*#Orie.  |L 
OM  P»rk  .  i  L 


MASSACMuSETtS 
TuHr,  Radio  6  (eC  Tronic*.  Metfford.  MA 

MICHICA 
Harry  G    Cro'i*.  FiprthviUe.  Ml 
A4lmi  O'lttfifr-Jiin^  Co      E>i«UJL  Ml 
fl*a,a  Supply  cV  Engineer  rr»g.  Detroit-  M| 

MISSISSIPPI 
Co*f*munic»tiOft«S»tvic*s,  Philacfe*p*iw,  VS 

MISSOURI 
Alpha  Eiecnon.c  Latn.  CoiuTntji*.  MO 


NORTH  CAROLINA 
V<h«'i  Electronic*.  Durham. 


NC 


OK 


fKDIANA 

Apifon  Lib.  B>oon»Mnot©n.  IN 
Lee. trees-  So  **tK»n    IN 


NEVADA 
Vega*  R*d>o 


OKLAHOMA 
Dartic*    Electronic*-  Ine,    H»o**r>  A/rom, 
RedioSiot*  >fcierion-n  CJty,  O* 

SOUTH  DAKOTA 
Bunjherdt  Anmteur  Cant**,  Water  tpwA.  SO 

TEXAS 

Toco  Eie£frflHn«a,  Gairtand.  T3t 
S«rfnal  Eftjtnaai  ,r.:g    Ho.jno»*    T* 


".V 


FEATURES 

High  efficiency  means  low  current 

drain. 

Broad  band  design  (no  tuning). 

Direct  1  2  volt  DC  operation. 

Indicator    lamps   for   On/Off  and 

FM/SSB, 

Relay    switching    (allows    you    to 

put  amplifier   in  or  out  of  circuit 

at  the  flip  of  a  switch). 

Insertion  loss  of  less  than  1  cfB. 

One     year     limited     warranty     on 

parts  and  labor. 


VIRGINIA 

Radio  Communications  Co  >  Ft-qancne.  VA 

WASHINGTON 
ABC  Cammufttcailofis.  Seattle.  WA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 
Communication  Sy  Item*  Co  r  Ripley,  WV 

WISCONSIN 

Amateur  EMCironic  Supply,  Milwaukee.  Wl 
Communications  Elect     Fond  du  Lac    Wl 

CANADA 
Hvbw»n  Marin*  Limtnd.  Ottawa.  Canaoa  rt3H  7V1 
OtTtributan  Lid..  R<Etvr*ond.  BC   V74tK4 


Inc.,  Sentuxce.  PR 


PUERTO  RlCO 
Eonon  Electron 

EXPORT 
COSVSCO.  l 


Bonus.  MV 


In  other  areas  contact  VHF  Engineering  direct.    Allow  6  to  8  weeks  for  delivery. 


master  charge 


^K> 


f  engineering 


DiVfStOS  OF  3ROWM4N  iLECTKOWCS  CORP. 
320  WATER  STREET     •     BINGHAMTON,  N.Y.  13901     • 


607-723-9574 


BankAmericard 


L 


V5 


Ham  Help 


This  is  a  plea  on  behalf  of  blind 
hams,  at  least  in  this  area.  I  teach  ham 
radio  at  the  local  Braille  Institute,  and 
the  blind  Hants  I  know  need  an  audio 
meter  for  tuning  transmitters.  Despite 
about  a  dozen  contacts  on  the  at r  with 
hams  who  know  just  what  is  needed,  I 
have  yet  to  receive  further  in  forma 
lion. 

Even  though  (  feel  I  have  little  time 
for  building  projects (  the  one  article  1 
have  been  able  to  find  in  ham  maga 
zines  contained  junk  box  parts  that  no 
electronic  supplier  could  identify  Or 
provide  a  replacement  for.  A  com- 
mercial source  is  the  most  desirable; 
however,  a  simple  schematic  com- 
posed of  obtainable  para  certainly 
would  be  acceptable. 

Any  help  will  be  greatly  appre- 
ciated. 

Sear  I  e  l_  Bennett 

2656  Riverside  Drive 

Costa  Mesa  CA  92627 

You  have  recently  published  a 
number  of  circuits  for  programming 
the  number  8223  PROM,  manufac- 
tured by  Signettcs.  Unfortunately, 
Signetics  has  discontinued  the  8223 
and  replaced  it  with  the  32S23.  If  an 
effort  Is  made  to  program  the  82S23, 
using  the  circuits  designed  for  the 
S223r  nothing  will  happen.  The  links 
just  won't  blow  out. 

The  Signetks  Bipolar  Memory 
Book  gives  a  schematic  for  program- 
ming the  82S23P  but  it  is  an  extremely 
complicated  pulse  generator,  using  all 
kinds  of  hard  to -get  ICs. 

I  have  experimented,  and  I  have 
found  the  simple  circuit  enclosed  to 
be  effect  tve  in  programming  the 
82S23.  The  same  circuit  —  which  is 
based  on  a  design  put  out  by  South- 
west Technical  with  some  of  their  kits 
—  can  also  be  used  to  program  the 
DM8577  and  74188  PfiOMs.  When 
programming   DM8577    PROMs,    the 


t PROGRAM 


circuit  will  change  logic  ones  to 
zeroes.  When  programming  82S23s, 
the  circuit  will  change  zeroes  to  ones. 

There  is  nothing  special  about  the 
power  supplies.  The  18  volts  can  be 
derived  from  a  variable  bench  supply 
or  from  three  lantern  batteries  con 
nected  in  series. 

To  use  the  circuit,  you  set  the 
address  switches  to  the  word  to  be 
programmed.  You  then  throw  S1  to 
the  program  position  and  set  S3  to  the 
bit  to  be  programmed.  Momentarily 
(less  then  Vt  second)  push  S2.  Then 
return  $1  to  the  "read"  position  and 
observe  the  LED  to  verify  that  the  bit 
has  been  programmed  to  a  one  or  a 
zero,  as  the  case  may  be. 

Because  this  is  not  a  factory-recom 
mended  circuit  for  the  B2S23,  I  can't 
guarantee  that  it  won't  harm  the 
PROM.  I  can  only  say  that  I've  tried  it 
on  82S23s  and  DM8577s  and  have 
experienced  no  difficulties.  Neverthe- 
less, users  should  work  slowly  to  avoid 
excessive  heat  buildup,  and  push  S2 
onty  briefly. 

Lauren  A.  Colby 
Frederick  MD 

Do  you  know  where  l  can  obtain 
conversion  information  for  the  R-15 
receiver? 

Robert  Eckard  K3PFU 

RFD3Box  162 

Cogan  Station  PA  17728 

I  have  run  into  a  problem.  I  now 
have  the  Heath  SB-301,  SB  303.  and 
the  Heath  SB-401  transmitter.  What  I 
would  like  to  do  is  to  use  either  the 
SB  303  receiver  and  the  SB-401  trans 
mitter  together  (transceive)  on  a  Navy 
MARS  frequency,  or  the  Heath 
SB -301  receiver  with  the  Heath 
SB-401  transmitter  (transceive).  As  it 
stands  now,  the  Heath  equipment  will 
only  go  as  high  as  4,00  MHz.  The 
Navy   MARS   frequency  on   which   I 


RS  BENCH 
SUPPLY 

f 


PROGRAM   f/2  SEC 
MOMENTARY 

PUSH   SUTTON 


1 


01 


wish  to  operate  is  4.046  MHz,  so  I 
need  about  50  kHz  outside  of  the  B0 
meter  ham  radio  band.  What  I  would 
like  to  know  is  if  there  have  been  any 
articles  on  using  the  SB  303  and 
SB-401  or  the  SB-301  and  SS-401  on 
Navy  MARS  frequencies  (outside  of 
the  amateur  bands}.  If  not,  can  you 
please  give  me  some  idea  of  how  to  go 
about  changing  the  equipment  to 
operate  outside  of  the  30  meter  ama- 
teur radio  bands? 

Everett  C.  Boll  in  WA3DVO 

2S43  Perring  Manor  Road 

Baltimore  MD  21234 

First  of  all.  I  want  to  let  you  know 
I  think  your  magazine  is  great.  Just 
can't  wait  until  the  first  issue  of 
Kilobaud  arrive*,  I  already  take  Byte, 
so  with  the  two  magazines,  plus  the 
I/O  articles  in  73,  I  should  be  able  to 
digest  enough  info  on  computers.  I'm 
still  in  the  studying  phase  of  comput- 
ers; my  Navy  salary  won't  allow  me  to 
purchase  one.  1*11  solve  that  problem 
about  a  year  from  now. 

Also,  I  want  to  thank  WA9VFG  for 
his  article  in  the  Holiday  issue.  I  do  a 
lot  of  designing  using  ICs,  and  his 
method  has  really  saved  me  some 
headaches  on  my  latest  project,  Wish  I 
had  known  of  it  earlier.  (While  on  the 
subject  of  ICs,  if  anyone  in  the  Jack- 
sonville area  needs  help  with  digital 
logic,  especially  TTL,  get  in  touch 
with  me.  J 

(rm  not  a  ham  yet,  I'm  working  on 
code  now,  Will  attempt  to  get  my 
General  license  in  April  when  the  next 
exams  are  given  in  Jacksonville.  I 
already  have  my  first  class  phone 
ticket,  so  I'm  not  anticipating  any 
problems  with  the  theory  section. 

Now  for  my  appeal  for  help.  I 
would  Hke  to  correspond  with  anyone 
who  is  interested  in  the  1750  meter 
band  (t 60- 190  kHz).  I'm  really  need- 
ing some  antenna  ideas.  The  FCC  rules 
and  regs  on  this  band  are  few.  Anyone 
wanting  to  know  them,  send  me  a 
SASE  and  HI  be  happy  to  reply.  I 
don't  expect  to  be  able  to  establish  a 
reliable  net  on  this  band,  but  the 
experimentation  should  be  fun.  Any 
pioneer  spirits  left  out  there? 

Jim  Amer 
Box  2SB 

Fleet  Electronics 

Calibration  Lab 

U.S.  Naval  Station 

Mayport  FL  32228 

I  would  Nke  to  get  in  touch  with 
other  amateurs  using  MTTY  (Morse 
teletype  decoders  and  keyboards)  for 
possible  net  activity.  Thank  you. 

Mike  Stone  WB0QCD 
1110  East  4th  St. 
Durant  I A  52747 

Please  inform  the  writer  just  how 
he  can  learn  the  Morse  code  I  I  have 
purchased  records,  tapes,  and  that 
cassette  that  the  ARRL  puts  out  with 
no  results.  I  understand  that  a  9  year 
old  can  barn  the  code  in  a  couple  of 
weeks,  but  I'm  60  years  old  and  have 
been  at  this  for  the  last  four  months.  I 
know  the  code,  but  I  just  can't  receive 
it  Tve  signed  up  for  a  radto  operating 
course  at  one  of  the  colleges  here  in 
Milwaukee. 

I've   never   had    trouble   with   the 


different  languages  I've  learned,  so  I'm 
beginning  to  think  there  is  a  gimmick 
or  something  .  .  .  Any  information 
you  may  give  me  would  be  ap- 
preciated. I'm  a  subscriber  to  your 
mag  and  enjoy  it  very  much! 

Robert  C.  Norton 

3162  So,  Hanson  Awe. 

Milwaukee  Wl  53207 

Try  the  73  code  courses,  8ob.  Thou- 
sands of  delirious  hams  wtft  attest  to 
their  value.   —  Ed. 

I  need  information  on  the  SSR-4 
receiver  that  covers  the  50  200  MHz 
range. 

F,G.  Senker  K40KD 

436  Wallace  Drive 

Charleston  SC  29412 

This  is  the  former  RAE5/LU2AX, 
about  to  make  a  comeback  as  a  W6  or 
K6.  Coming  close  to  my  74th  birth- 
day, the  one  who  was  "bitten"  by  the 
radio  bug  back  in  1922  must  50  back 
to  "pound  the  brass"  (even  if  now  the 
"brass"  is  a  Ten-Tec  RK-20AK 

I  am  about  to  start  trying  for  my 
American  license.  So  I  am  thinking 
definitely  in  terms  of  equipment*  To 
begin  with  I  have  gotten  a  Hatlicraft- 
ers  SR-150:  yes,  one  of  those 
"orphans,"  In  reception  it  is  working 
beautifully  on  the  three  indoor 
half-wave  dipoles  that  I  have  set  in  the 
camera-room  of  "PKOTOG,"  my 
"studio"  here  in  San  Jose.  BUT  ...  I 
haven't  been  able  to  secure  a  copy  of 
the  instruction  manual  for  that 
transceiver. 

I  wonder  if  73  can  guide  me  to 
obtain  one,  either  original  or  a  photo* 
static  copy.  I  am  a  bit  lazy  to  start 
tracing  each  and  every  circuit  and 
prefer  to  buy  a  manual. 

8y  the  way,  here  is  an  idea  for  a 
possible  addition  to  your  "'line"  of 
tapes  for  radio  amateurs:  How  about  a 
two-tone  short  one  for  tuning  SSB 
transmitters? 

An  "old  dog"  in  this  matter  of 
radio  publications  (I  was  first  Tech- 
nical Editor  for  Argentina's 
"RE  VISTA  TELEGRAFICA"),  I 
most  certainty  do  appreciate  your 
efforts  to  make  73  one  of  the  best  of 
its  kind  in  the  world.  It  is  a  real 
pleasure  to  see  the  work  of  a  real 
"pro"  and  this  last  "Holiday  1976" 
edition  is  TOPS. 

May  1977  be  good  to  you  and  to 
your  magazine.  You  most  truly  de- 
serve the  reputation  already  attained 
in  "hamdom"! 

Segundo  P  X  Acuna 

142  Graham  Ave.  =5 

San  Jose  CA  951 10 

PS.  I  hope  that  your  14  and  21  wpm 
tapes  will  "unrust"  my  code  to  take 
me  up  to  an  " Extra "  sometime  soon 

I  want  some  Ham  Help  on  code.  I 
would  like  to  get  with  some  lady, 
man,  or  boy  who  wants  practice  on 
code.  I  have  been  off  the  air  26  years 
—  had  a  Novice,  then  a  Technician 
license  for  over  20  years.  I  had  a  heart 
attack  a  few  years  ago  and  the  license 
lapsed.  Then  in  1976,  on  April  6,  I  got 
another  Novice  license.  Up  to  date,  I 
have    had   one  contact   on    15m    - 


42 


nobody  answers  my  calls,  and  I  know 
that  my  code  is  no  worse  than  others 
that  I  hear  call.  I  am  84  years  old.  I 
caU  every  day,  but  no  luck  so  far.  I 
have  been  using  a  vertical  antenna,  but 
I  am  going  to  a  long  single  wire 
antenna  to  see  if  that  will  make  a 
difference.  I  think  most  hams  are  on 
the  snobbish  side,  the  way  they  have 
acted  toward  me.  If  1  could  get  a 
contact  further  away  from  here,  it 
would  suit  me  fine*  I'm  hoping  that 
you  could  recommend  some  ham  who 
is  having  the  same  trouble  as  I  have 
been  having.  Thanks  for  the  trouble 
that  I  am  making  you.  I  will  say  that 
you  have  a  great  magazine. 

Glenn  N.  Crawford  WB0SLV 

207  5  Ave.  N. 

Humboldt  I A  50548 

Last  year  about  this  time  J  bought 
the  Sfo  w  Scan  Television  Handbook 
from  the  British  ATV  club,  i  decided 
to  build  the  W7ABW/0  plumbicon 
camera,  After  a  great  deat  of  trouble 
getting  components  and  making  the 
focus  and  scan  coils,  I  did  manage  to 
make  up  all  the  circuits,  make  the 
chassis,  and  put  It  all  together.  How- 
ever, the  camera  doesn't  work. 

I  wonder  if  there  are  any  mistakes 
in  the  schematics  in  the  values  of  the 
components,  As  I  do  not  have  a 
thorough  grounding  in  electronics,  I 
wouldn't  be  able  to  spot  any  mistakes. 
It  would  also  help  greatly  if  I  could 
obtain  photos  of  oscilloscope  traces 
for  the  alignment  procedure,  espe- 
cialiy  50  MHz. 

I   would  also  like  to   know  if  the 


transistors  are  critical.  I  made  the 
following  substitution?:  2N718  for 
2N1711,  2N722  for  2N2907,  2IM31 17 
for  2N930\  and  2N697  for  2N171T 
Any  help  that  you  ecu  Ed  give  me  in 
getting  this  camera  to  work  correctly 
would  be  greatly  appreciated. 

Paul  Kaminski  GM3PIB 

5  Tytler  St. 

Forres,  rVlurrayshire 

England  IV  36  0EL 

I've  got  a  problem,  I  just  purchased 
a  10-80m  vertical  antenna  and  I  just 
don't  have  the  room  for  all  the  radials 
needed  to  make  the  antenna  resonate 
properly,  I  have  to  fit  the  antenna  and 
all  10  radials  (2  for  each  band)  on  a 
28'  x  52'  root 

I  can't  use  any  part  of  my  backyard 
because  it  is  divided  up  by  three  sets 
of  overhead  power  lines  and  three 
telephone  lines.  The  yard  is  only  30'  x 
30'  anyway.  My  question  is  this:  Can 
the  radtats  be  shortened  physically 
somehow  and  still  be  electrically  cor 
rect?  The  SO  and  40m  radials  are  the 
real  problems. 

I  think  there  are  quite  a  few  other 
city  dweller  hams  who  face  the  same 
problem  I  do. 

Any  help  or  suggestions  from  you 
or  your  readers  would  be  appreciated 
by  all  of  us,  Thank  you. 

Ken  Gustafson  WB9ZPN 
5149  W.  State  Rd. 
Burbank  I L  60459 

I  have,  for  a  long  while,  been  trying 
to  get  hold  of  a  copy  of  your  article 
concerning  coaxial  di poles,  which  you 


■ 

published  In  June,  *73,  in  73  Maga- 
zine. \  have  been  unsuccessful  thus 
far.  !  am  therefore  hereby  trying  to 
get  it  "straight  from  the  horse's 
mouth."  I  intended  to  build  a  40m 
coaxial  dipole  and  did  try  one,  but  I 
guess  the  calculations  are  incorrect,  so 
1  would  be  much  obliged  if  you  will 
help  me  out. 

As  far  as  W2DLTs  rude  comment 
and  article  —  forget  it  1  read  it  and 
since  it  is  a  whole  Jot  of  theorizing,  I 
am  yet  to  beiieve  it  until  proved.  Your 
idea  that  it  works  has  been  proved  and 
therefore  bears  much  merit. 

Thanking  you  and  looking  forward 
to  your  reply, 

Dennis  P.  Sladen  VE3DPS 

17  Glenshephard  Dr. 

Scarborough  Ontario 

Canada  Ml  K4N2 

As  I  am  concerned  with  the  in- 
crease of  radio  thefts,  I  am  unsure  of 
the  proper,  legal  way  to  mark  my 
equipment.  The  Privacy  Act  doesn't 
allow  for  the  tracing  of  Social 
Security  numbers  as  I  understand. 
Instead,  the  idea  of  using  driver's 
license  numbers  has  been  suggested. 
My  driver's  license  (OK LA)  number  is 
my  Social  Security  number.  Legal 
advice  I  have  received  here  overseas  is 
undependabie  at  best.  HELP? 

Dennis  Miller  WB5KEA/D  At  DM 

PSC  Box  2858 
APO  NY  09057 

I  would  appreciate  a  transistor  cir- 
cuit that  would  give  sharp,  strong, 
ringing  pulses*   t'm  looking  for  a  way 


to  use  my  audio  sine/square  wave 
generator  and  oscilloscope  to  test 
inductances,  measure  resonant  fre- 
quencies, and  find  values  of  capaci- 
tance in  tank  circuits* 

John  Peer 

7 183  Buckthorn  Dr. 

Orchard  Lake  Ml  48033 

I  am  looking  for  a  design  for  a 
burglar  alarm  system,  i  would  like  to 
interface  such  a  detection  system  to 
an  automatic  dialing  unit  connected 
to  an  ordinary  cassette  tape  recorder. 
Your  help  in  advising  me  of  any 
articles  on  how  to  buiid  the  above 
system  will  be  greatly  appreciated. 

Robert  E.  Sunn  WA0LKE 

508  Porter  Wagoner  Blvd. 

West  Plains  MO  65775 

I  am  looking  for  information  from 
your  readers  who  have  modified  an 
IC-230  with  Mu  rata  CFS455E  15 
pole  filters,  or  equivalent  filters. 

John  F.  Meyer  WB60WP 

4605  Esther  St. 

San  Diego  CA  92115 

I  have  an  HQ-110  receiver  that  is 
giving  me  a  pain  in  the  neck.  Every 
time  I  switch  the  rig  from  "send"  to 
"receive/'  it  drifts  all  over  the  place.  I 
checked  all  the  tubes  and  replaced 
two  bad  ones.  It  stopped  doing  it  on 
160-20  meters,  but  still  does  it  on 
15-6  meters.  Any  ideas? 

TomCarnketWB9RXJ 

605  7th  Ave 

Sterling  I L  61081 


Review 


AN  INTRODUCTION 

TO  MICROCOMPUTERS 

Volume  M  —  Some  Real  Products 

by  Adam  Osborne 

and  Associates  $12,50 

This  is  the  second,  and  by  far  the 
largest  (865  pages),  of  Mr.  Osborne's 
four  volumes  on  microcomputers.  The 
first  volume  dealt  with  the  basic  con- 
cepts  of  computing  in  general  and 
microcomputers  in  particular.  The 
remaining  two  volumes  are  concerned 
with  the  application  of  two  specific 
devices,  the  8080  and  the  6800,  to 
system  logic  design. 

Each  chapter  of  this  volume  an- 
alyzes one  of  the  currently  available 
rn  I  c  r  o  p  r  oce  ssor  /m  ic  roco  mp  ut  e  r  de- 
vices. Virtually  all  the  most  popular 
microcomputers  are  covered  and  every 
type  of  architecture  is  discussed. 
There  are  4-bit,  8-bit,  and  16-bit 
machines,  chip  sets,  single  chip 
computers,  and  chip  slice  devices.  The 
808QA,  MC6800,  Z8G\  and  MCS6500 
are  dealt  with  in  the  greatest  detail, 
but  there  is  stiH  a  wealth  of  informa- 
tion presented  for  other  systems. 
Many  of  the  chapters  are  60  to  80 
pages  iong  and  the  chapter  on  the 
8080A,  which  is  176  pages  long, 
would  itself  make  a  fair-sized  book. 

Like  all  of  Mr.  Osborne's  books, 
this  one  is  noteworthy  for  the 
thoroughness  of  the  presentation  and 


the  immense  amount  of  detail.  The 
treatment  of  the  8080A  is  especially 
remarkable.  The  internal  workings  of 
the  8080 A  and  of  t  ail  the  various 
accessory  devices  are  explored  down 
to  the  last  trailing  edge  of  the  last 
waveform.  Some  of  the  information 
presented  h  simply  a  reprint  of 
manufacturers'  published  literature, 
but  much  is  original  The  total  result 
is  a  truly  comprehensive  analysts  of 
80 80 A  microcomputer  hardware  and 
its  workings. 

Although  the  treatment  of  the 
8080 A  is  the  most  extensive,  it  differs 
from  the  other  chapters  only  in  de- 
gree. A  typical  discussion  covers 
everything  from  the  pin  assignments 
on  the  chip  to  the  intricacies  of  the 
timing  for  complex  control  tasks  and 
data  transfers.  An  instruct  Eon  list  is, 
of  course,  provided  for  each  device 
with  a  symbolic  description  of  the 
operation  executed  by  each  instruc- 
tion. Insofar  as  is  possible,  this  book 
tells  everything  about  how  a  machine 
performs  a  given  operation  and  the 
status  of  all  lines,  registers,  and  de- 
vices before,  during,  and  after  the 
operation. 

However,  this  is  essentially  a  hard- 
ware book  and,  as  such,  is  not  of 
equat  value  to  every  reader.  For  the 
professional  digital  engineer,  whether 
his  interest  is  his  personal  hobby  or 


his  on-the-job  assignments,  this  should 
be  an  invaluable  reference.  For  the 
computer  hobbyist  who  is  not  a 
professional,  the  value  of  the  book  is 
iess  clear  cut. 

Mr.  Osborne's  preceding  book, 
Volume  I  of  the  set,  was  a  beginner's 
book,  which  assumed  that  the  reader 
had  little  or  no  knowledge  of  digital 
technology.  The  presentation  began 
with  the  basics  of  computers  in  gen- 
eral and  worked  up  to  the  consider- 
ation of  microcomputers  in  particular. 
Volume  II  is  not  really  a  continuation 
of  Volume  I  except,  perhaps,  for  the 
professional  engineer  looking  to 
master  microcomputers  for  his  job.  It 
is  a  reference  book  rather  than  a 
tutorial  text,  and  it  is  a  reference 
book  for  use  on  hardware  design 
projects. 

Many  hobbyists  are  essentially 
programmers.  Their  basic  machine  was 
an  assembled  and  operational  com- 
puter when  they  obtained  ft.  Their 
hardware  involvement  is  the  bare 
minimum  necessary  to  expand  their 
system  with  a  new  device  or  kit  and 
they  have  no  desire  to  expand  that 
interest.  They  want  to  use  the 
machine  as  it  stands,  In  this  case, 
there  is  little  value  to  them  In  the 
detailed  analysis  of  internal  Eogic  and 
timing. 

The  final  decision  naturally  rests 
with  the  individual.  Each  reader 
knows  the  extent  to  which  he  is 
involved  with,  or  wishes  to  be  in- 
volved with,  his  microcomputer  hard- 
ware. If  there  is  any  considerable  • 
involvement  and   if  that  hardware  is 


one  of  the  systems  treated  in  this 
book,  then  Mr.  Osborne *s  book  should 
prove  to  be  a  valuable  and  frequently 
used  reference,  Adam  Osborne  and 
Associates,  P.O.  Box  2036,  Berkeley 
CA  94702, 

A.  I-L  IVtcDonough 
El  Segundo  CA 

MOS  AND  SPECIAL-PURPOSE 
BIPOLAR  INTEGRATED 
CIRCUITS  AND  RF  POWER 
TRANSISTOR  CIRCUIT  DESIGN 
Texas  Instruments 
Electronics  Series, 
Published  by 
McGraw-Hill  Book  Company, 
$16.50 
Designed    a    memory    system    for 
your    micro    lately?    If   so,    you   are 
aware   of  the  timing  problems,  chip 
selection,  and  interfacing  involved  in 
such   a   project.    Next  time,  refer  to 
'MOS    and    Special- Purpose    Bipolar 
Integrated    Circuits    and     RF    Power 
Transistor    Circuit    Design,"    by    the 
Texas    Instruments   staff,   This  refer- 
ence    provides     design     information, 
examples,     and     applications     using 
bipolar   and    MOS  memory  chips,  as 
well   as  details  relating  to  the  inter- 
facing   of    memory    to    the    outside 
world,      namely,     your     computer- 
Special   purpose   chips,   such  as  key- 
board  character  generators,    are  also 
discussed.   The  section   on   r^f  power 
may    not    interest   the   average  home 
computer  experimenter,  but  the  book 
is    nevertheless   a   useful   acquisition. 

John  Momar  WB2ZCF 
73  Magazine  Staff 


43 


Shoot  the  Moon ! 


-  -  Pack  Rat  power 


Walt  Boh Iman  K3BPP 
101   East  Street 
Doylestown  PA  13901 


he  possibility  of  going 
to  South  America  really 
seemed  like  a  wild  dream 
when  toying  with  the  idea  in 
December,  1975.  This  is 
about  the  time  this  dream 
turned  into  a  reality,  With 
that  reality  came  a  long  list  of 
technical  problems  to  solve. 
This  article  will  describe  how 
most  of  these  problems  were 
solved. 

Having     had     W3CCX/3, 
the    Pack    Rat   moon  bounce 


station,  in  operation  for 
about  a  year,  the  main  techni- 
cal group  (W3HQT,  W3HMU, 
and  K3BPP)  had  a  good  fee! 
of  what  a  successful  432 
moon  bounce  station  re- 
quired. These  requirements 
are  as  follows; 

Antenna:  26  dBi  gain 
minimum,  field  repair- 
able,  easy  to  construct, 
sturdy,  easy  to  rotate 
(azimuth  ,  elevation, 
polarization)* 
Transm  itter :  Str  ai  gh  t- 
forward  design,  1  kW 
output  without  strain- 
ing, stable,  rugged. 
Receiver:  Spares,  .5 
kHz  B.W.,  13  dB  noise 
figure  at  antenna,  rf 
filter. 

Antenna 

After  considering  many 
possible  approaches,  the 
simplest  and  most  conserva- 
tive design  was  used.  The 
antenna  consisted  of  16 
K2RIW  yagis  fed  in  phase 
through  adapter  power  divid- 
ers. At  the  TR  relay  (Trans- 
co-Y),  the  power  divided 
equally  into  4  50J2  outputs, 
The  4  ports  each  fed  10* 
lengths  of  14 "  foam  hard  line, 
each  of  which  terminated  in  a 
4  way  adapter  power  divider, 
each  of  which  fed  4  yagis. 
Each  yagt  had  an  8'  length  of 
RG214  running  from  its  ViK 
UT141  balun  transformer  to 
the  power  divider. 

Each  antenna  boom  split 
in  the  middle,  allowing  it  to 
be  packed  in  a  small  space. 
The  16  yagis  were  mounted 
on  a  double  H  frame  made  of 


On  location. 


44 


lengths  no  longer  than  6\  The 
very  careful  design  of  this 
frame  by  W3HMU  and 
W3HQT  performed  and 
packed  quite  well.  The  anten- 
na spacing  was  optimized  by 
K3BPP  by  the  use  of  heuristic 
reasoning  and  a  computer 
program  to  print  out  the 
resultant  pattern.  The  ideal 
spacing  worked  out  to  5* 
between  antennas,  thus  giving 
a  15'  x  15'  array  with  a 
theoretical  gain  of  about  29 
dBi.  Side  by  side  comparison 
with  the  20J  dish  gives  ^  2  dB 
improvement  over  the  dish, 
putting  the  realization  gain  in 
the  proper  area. 

The  mount  was  mainly  the 
result  of  the  cleverness  of 
W3HQT.  Very  shortly  into 
the  program  it  was  decided 
the  polarization  rotation  was 
absolutely  necessary.  This 
was  accomplished  by  a  bear- 
ing plate  extended  4'  from 
the  azimuth  elevation  mount. 
Also,  since  the  moon  would 
be  quite  high,  the  antenna 
had  to  point  straight  up  (a 
favored  position  of  dish  own- 
ers^ aligning  the  axis  of  the 
mounting  pole  with  the 
antenna  axis.  This  complete 
operation  was  accomplished 
with  parallel  water  pipes  that 
straddled  the  mounting  pole 
in  the  straight  up  position. 
So,  in  total,  the  parallel  pipes 
had  the  polarization  bearing 
at  one  end^  mount  back  1/3, 
and  a  counterbalance  (one  of 
the  shipping  boxes)  at  the 
other  end.  Though  a  little 
difficult  to  pick  the  best  yagi 
to  use  for  boresight,  the 
mount  and  antenna  worked 
just  great, 

Transmitter 

The  requirement  was  set 
for  1  kW  output  with  no 
strain.  This  1  kW  starts  to 
decrease  rapidly  when  things 
are  not  just  right  (line  volt- 
age, exciter  tuning,  weak 
tubes,  etc.).  Upon  evaluation 
of  a  portable  transmitter 
generously  loaned  by 
K2UYH,  it  was  decided  to 
construct  a  new  model 
around  an  8938  grounded 
grid  triode.  This  tube  had 
performed  very  nicely  at 
W3CCX/3.    Having    invested 


Testing  in  the  U.S.  Photo  by  Richard  Boyle  K3IGX. 


many  hours  trying  to  opti- 
mize the  link  coupled  Va  wave 
box  cavity  of  the  W3CCX 
amplifier,  a  new  design  was 
considered.  The  design  was 
patterned  after  the  successful 
K2R1W  stripline  kW.  The 
amplifier  was  constructed  and 
tested  by  W3HMU  in  approxi- 
mate! y  one  month  and 
worked  superbly.  The  design 
consists  of  a  J£X  triplate  line 
with  the  tube  at  one  end  and 
a  flapper  tuning  capacitor  at 
the  other  end.  Output  cou- 
pling is  also  done  with  a 
flapper    tuning  capacitor   at 


the  tuning  end  of  the  line. 
The  cathode  line  is  quite 
similar  in  construction  to  the 
plate  line.  The  amplifier  puts 
out  about  1200  Watts  with 
50  Watts  of  drive.  The  power 
supply  is  about  the  size  and 
weight  of  a  DX100.  The 
exciter,  also  similar  in  size 
and  weight  to  the  power 
supply,  consists  of  a  conven- 
tional 220  MHz  10  Watt  6360 
rig  with  a  4  x  1 50  doubler  to 
432,  The  doubler  drives  a 
conventional  cylindrical  coax- 
ial cavity  4  x  250  amplifier 
which  can  put  out  up  to  120 


Watts.  The  exciter  was  de- 
signed so  that  the  4  x  250 
amplifier  could  be  used  sepa- 
rately to  amplify  the  Echo  70 
for  OSCAR  7  use.  The  exciter 
was  self-contained  with 
power  supplies. 

Receiver 

Though  only  40'  of  Yi* 
foam  hard  line  was  used  for 
the  feedline,  tt  was  still  neces- 
sary to  mount  the  first  pre- 
amp  at  the  TR  relay  on  the 
antenna.  The  main  preamp 
consisted  of  an  FMT4575 
with  about  1.3  dB  noise  fig- 


45 


16   KZRIW  YAGJS 


B9*8 


r 


m 


BW3  S7S3  6360  €360  4Xi5Q  4X230 

432 


432 


irfto 

43 

— i 


ooo 


ECHO  TO 


<32S5BCW 


I0OW- 


0 


ICOQW— » 


ALLIED    50 


2  METER 
CONV  *" 




oscah  re 

ANT   (4S21 

OSCAR  78 
AW  IMS  J 


2B 

PACK  T>4T 
432  CCSKV 

&RAKE 
2B 

£*VlTv 


4QfT 

i/z  in 


4373 


40  ft 

..'2!  ft 

HAROLtNE 


Fig.   h  Pack  Rat  EME  OSCAR  portable  station,  HKJTL 

ure.    Between    the    antenna      dia.  X/4  cavity  filter  was  used,     filter  necessitates  making  this 
relay  and  the  preamp,  a  3"      The  required  low  loss  of  the      a  separate  item  and  not  a  part 


of  the  converter. 

At  the  end  of  the  hard 
line,  a  2  dB  noise  figure  pre- 
amp was  placed  to  override 
the  loss  of  the  connecting 
hard  line.  A  Pack  Rat  con- 
verter was  used  into  one  of  2 
Drake  2B  receivers.  One  of 
the  2Bs  was  linearized  and 
used  in  conjunction  with  a 
VOM  for  sun  noise  measure- 
ments. An  audio  line  from 
the  receiver  ran  directly  to  a 
cassette  tape  recorder  for 
recording  the  history-making 
event.  ■ 


Looking  for  a  really  easy 
way      to     mount      my 
HR-2A  in  the  car,  I  hit  upon 

using  slide  mounts  that  are 
normally  used  for  stereo  tape 
players.  For  me  this  turned 
out  to  be  a  very  good  idea,  as 
I  am  in  the  Navy  and  not  at 
home  that  often.  During 
tours  in  the  Philippines  and 
Italy,  this  setup  has  really 
worked.  While  I  was  away, 
my  parents  used  my  car,  and 
since  neither  is  licensed  there 
was  no  reason  to  leave  the  rig 
in  the  car.  Having  had  a  short- 
wave converter  in  the  car 
before  I  acquired  the  rig,  I 
decided  to  make  them  inter- 
changeable. That  way  my 
parents  could  use  the  SW 
converter  when  I  was  away. 
To  put  the  mount  on  my 
HR-2A,  I  had  to  remove  the 
speaker.  At  first  I  used  a 
speaker  box  mounted  on  the 
hump  behind  the  gear  shift 
lever,  I  doubled  the  hot  lead 


Stephen  Wimmer  WBQGGT 

RFD  1 

Lincoln  NE  68502 


Frustrating  the  Thieves 


--  removable  mobile  mount 


and  the  ground  lead  to  ensure 
that  the  rig  was  getting 
enough  power.  The  antenna 
connection  was  left  as  a 
PL- 259  since  I  had  to  use  two 
of  the  connectors  for  the 
speaker  leads.  Later  I  pur- 
chased    a     cassette/radio, 


placed  it  in  *the  hole  for  the 
old  radio,  and  used  the  radio 
speaker  in  the  dash  for  the 
rig.  Ensuring  that  the  tape 
player  still  worked,  I  moved 
it  to  my  father's  pickup. 
Since  I  was  going  to  be 
driving  for  him  for  a  while,  I 
put  a  mount  on  the  tape 
player  and   bought  a  gutter 


clip  mount  for  an  antenna. 
The  mount  in  the  truck  is 
covered  by  a  blank  slide  when 
not  in  use. 

Now  when  I  get  home,  all 
1  have  to  do  is  dig  the  mike 
out  of  the  attic,  slide  the  rig 
in  the  car,  and  I'm  ready  to 
go.  ■ 


The  HR-2A  in  the  car. 


View  showing  slide  mounts  on  the  rig  and  SW  converter 


46 


<i  name 
that  sous 

it  oil 

For  over  40  years.  ..dedicated  to  amateur 
radio... to  offering  the  finest  products... to 

dependable  service. 


KENWOOD 


TS-520 

"The  trend  setter.. the  hottest  little  rig  on  the  air/1 
You  have  heard  it  on  every  band..  Ken  wood's 
go-every- pi  ace /do-every  thing  transceiver.  SSB  & 
CW  on  80  thru  10  meters,  built-in  AC  &  12VDC 
power  supply;  VOX,  RIT,  noise  blanker  and  all  the 
other  features  you  want.  The  520's  low  price... 
$629.  Write  for  full  description  on  the  520  as  well 
as  Kenwood's  newTS-820  TS-700A  2-meter  trans- 
ceiver and  the  R-599D/T-599D  "twins." 


YAESU 
FT-1 01 E 


<\  •;;.  *'■?'■„, 


% 


More  radio  from  the  radio  company!  Includes 
a  potent  R.F.  speech  processor,  a  refined  clar- 
ifier  control  for  pushbutton,  independent 
clarifier  operation.  160  meter  crystal  included. 
And  all  the  other  features  that  have  made  the 
FT-1 01  series  of  transceivers  among  the 
world's  most  popular  are  still  here:  260  watts 
SSB  PEP  and  globe  circling  power  on  CW  and 
AM.  160  to  10  meters  range. 

TheFT-101E .\  * $729.00 

FT-1 01 EE. .  .$649.00         FT-1 01  EX.  .  .$589.00 


We  stock  the  Bird  Model  43  Wattmeter  and  accessories 

Pncea  subject  to  change  without  notice, 


TEMPO 


".:"     \    U".V" 


m®m 


A    unique    SSB 

transceiver  pro- 
viding an  unus- 
ual combination 
of  advanced  en- 
gineering and 
operating  features.  Operates  USB,  LSB,  CW  and  AM 
with  80  through  10  meter  coverage.  Some  of  its 
many  features  include:  phase  lock  loop  (PLL) 
oscillator  circuit,  hybrid  digital  frequency  presenta- 
tion, advanced  sofid-state  design  (only  3  tubes), 
built-in  AC  and  12  VDC  power  supplies,  CW  filter 
{standard),  cooling  fan  (standard),  built-in  VOX  and 
semi-break  in  CW  keying,  crystal  calibrator  and 
WWV  receiving  capability,  dual  RIT  control,  plus 
many  many  more. 

Tempo  2020,.. $759. 00  Tempo  8120  external  speaker 
.,,$29.95    Tempo  8010  remote  VFO...$139.00 


Henry  Radio's 

2K-4 


The  2K-4  linear  amplifier  em- 
bodies all  of  the  famous 
features  of  the  2K-3,. .rugged 
construction,  reliable  perfor- 
mance and  heavy  duty  com- 
ponents, plus  unique  modern 
styling.  The  tifted  RF  deck 
faces  up  for  easy  visibility  and 
convenient  operation.  If  you 
are  one  of  the  more  than  3000 
happy  2K  owners,  trade  up  to 
the  new  2K-4,  11  you  are  not 
one  of  the  group,  now  is  the 
time  to  join. 

The  2K-4  (console  or  desk 
model) ,:•. $995.00 


Now, 

meet 
Henry 
Radio . . . 


Walt  Henry     Ted  Henry 
W6ZN  W6UOU 

ANAHEIM  LOS  ANGELES 


Bob  Henry 
W0ARA 

BUTLER 


Plus  a  large  staff  of  highly  qualified  sales  and  service 
personnel  pledged  to  serve  you.  Henry  Radio  carries  large 
stocks  of  all  major  brands.  We  take  trade-ins,  sell  used 
equipment  and  offer  better  terms  because  we  carry  our 
own  financing.  Our  reconditioned  equipment  carries  a 
15  day  trial,  90  day  warranty  and  may  be  traded  back 
within  90  days  for  full  credit  toward  the  purchase  of  new 
equipment.  Export  inquiries  solicited.  Also,  military, 
commercial,  industrtal/and  scientific  users^.please  write 
for  information  on  our  custom  line  of  high  power  linear 
amplifiers  and  RF  power  generators. 


Henpv  namo 


11240  W.  Olympic  Blvd.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.  90064 

931  N.  Euclid,  Anaheim,  Calif,  92801 
Buffer,  Missouri  64730 


213/477-6701 

714/772-9200 
816/679-3127 


H  J 


PRESENTING  THE 


NEW 
2-METER  PORTABLE 

INTERNAL  NI-CAD  BATTERY  OPERATED 

SYNTHESIZED  RADIO 


WILSON'S  NEW  WE-800  2M  RADIO 

Wilson's  New  Portable  800  Channel  2  Meter  Synthesized  Radio 
that  can  go  anywhere  with  you  •  Switchable  1  &  12  watt 
output  •  1  watt  out-put  with  internal  Ni-cad  Battery  Pack 
(takes  regular  10  "AA"  Ni-eads)  •  Low  current  drain  CMOS 
synthesizer:  Rx  45  MA,  TX  350  MA  at  1  watt  •  12  watt  out -put 
mobile  •  Covers  frequence  range  144-148  MHz  in  5  KHz  steps, 
600  KHz  off-set  up  or  down. 


NOW  AVAILABLE  FOR 
SALE  Shipping  after  May 
1,1977, 


Two  positions  available  for  other  than  600  KHz  off-set  • 
Five  preset  channels  available  by  diode  matrix  (optional)  • 
Extra  pole  allows  to  switch  tones  on  pre-set  channels  * 
On-off  switch  control  for  meter  light  in  rear  for  power 
saving  use  •  Size  8-1/4  x  6-3/4  x  1-7/8,  weight  1  lb.  15oz. 


450  &  220  HAND  HELDS 

MODEL  4502  . . .  $299.95 


FREQUENCY  RANGE  420  -  450  MH* 


6  Channel  Operation 

Individual  Trimmer*  on  ill  TX/RX  Cryrti 

All  Cryitali  Plug  In 

12  KHz  Ceramic  Filter 

21.4  and  4*5  KHi  IF 

.3  Microvolt  SentttlvMy  for  20  OB  Quiet! 

Weight:   l  lb.     *  or.  lejt  Battery 

Battery  indicator 

Size:  I  7/1  x  I  3/4  x  2  7  ft 

Switchable  U  I.I  watu  Output 

•   f 2  VDC 

Current  Drain  -  RX  25  MA,  TX   400  MA 

Mieroi  witch  Speaker  Mic 

Unbreakable  Ltuni  Cat* 


BOTH  MODELS  USE  THE 
SAME  ACCESSORIES  AS  1405, 


it 


ng 


EACH  UNIT  INCLUDES 
FLEX  ANTENNA  AND 
SIMPLEX  XTAL  FREQ. 
INSTALLED  446.00  or 
223.50  MHz. 


FREQUENCY  RANGE  220    226  MHz 

■  f  Channel  Operation 

■  individual  Trimmer*  on  ail  TX/fiX  Crystals 
i  All  Crystali  Plug  in 

•  12  KHt  ceramic  Filter 

•  10.7  and  4SS  KHz  IF 

•  .3  Microvolt  5-emitmty  for  20  dB  Quieting 

•  Weight:  X  lb.     4  a*,  test  Battery 
«  Battery  indicator 

•  Size:  t  7/1  x  1  3/4  i  2  7/1 

»  5  w  rich  a  me  1  «.  2.S  watt*  Output 
•  12  VDC 

•  Current  Drain:   RX  25  MA.  TX  400  MA 

•  Mkcrotwitch  Speaker  Mic 

■  Unbreakable  Lexans  Case 


MODEL  2202  . . .  $249.95 


ACCESSORIES  &  OPTIONS 

it  Battery  Charger  (BC2) 

it  10  ea,  AA  Ni-Cad  Battery 
Pack(BM) 

it  Extra  Battery  Tray  (BT-1) 

it  Leather  Case  for  1402  (LC-t) 

it  Leather  Case  for  1405,  2202r 
4502  (LC-2) 

*k  Speaker  Mike  (SM-2)  6  pin 
connector 

it  TE-1  Sub-Audible  Tone  En- 
coder, installed 

it  TE-2  Sub-Audible  Tone  En- 
Coder/Qecotier,  Installed 

^T  TTP  -  Touch-Tone  Pad  -  in* 
stallation  free  if  ordered  at 
time  of  purchase  of  radio 

*m?  KHz  Monolithic  Xtal 
Filter  (XM) 

(Photo  Shown  with 
Optional  Touch-Tone  Pad) 


Wilson  Electronics  Corp 

4288  SO.  POLARIS  •  LAS  VEGAS  •  NEVADA  •  89103  •  (702)  739-1931  •  TELEX  684-522 


BE  ON  THE  AIR  NOW  WITH  A 

Wilson  Electronics  Corp 


1405  SM 

•  (  Chjfinf  I 
Operation 

■  indiviOuil 
Thmnwri  on  111 
TX/RX  Cry  Halt 

•  All  Cryjttlt  Pfaq  In 

•  12  KHi  Ceramic 
Filler 

•  10.7  and  45  J 

KHi   IF 

•  ,3  Microvolt  Own* 
titlvltyfor  20  dB 
Quieting 

-  weight:  i  ib.  «  CU- 
IUS Battery 

•  Battery  indicator 

•  Size:  t  7/1  x   *  3/* 
■  17/1 

■  Swi  lettable  1  *  S 
Witt)  Minimum 
Output  •  12  VOC 

«  Current  DrtJn:   RX 
25   MA  TX  400  MA 
0*)  900  MA  CSW) 

•  Microiwllcn 
Speaker  Mlt 

•  Un  breakable 
Lex in*  Cik 


HAND  HELD 


Wilson  2  meter  Hand  Held  radios  ,  .  *  The  depend- 
able ones  .  .  ,  proven  performance  for  the  discrim- 
inating Ham  who  insists  on  quality  and  value. 

Two  models  are  available:  the 
2.5  watt  model  1402SM,  and 
the  switchable  1  watt  or  5 
watt  model  1405SM  .  .  .  op- 
tions include  Touch-Tone 
Pad,  Battery  Charger,  Battery 
Packs,  Speaker  Mike,  Leather 
Case,  and  Tone  options. 

Join  the  thousands  of  ama- 
teurs now  using  Wilson  .  ,  . 
the  radio  that  goes  where  you 
do. 


1402SM 

HAND  HELD 

2.5  WATT 

TRANSCEIVER 

144-148  MHz 


FAST  DELIVERY!! 


Shown  with 
Optional 
Leather  Case 


BC-2  NI-CAD  BATTERY  CHARGER 
WITH  REGULAR  AND 
TRICKLE  CHARGE  FEATURE 


1402  SM 

»  •  Channel 
Operation 

•  Individual 
Trimmeri  an  ell 
TX/RX  Cry  it  el* 

■  All  Cryiteli  Plug  In 

•  12  KHi  Ceramic 
Filter 

-  io.7  if  and  49S 

KHi   IF 

•  .1  Microvolt  Sen- 
iftlvUy  for  20  08 
Quieting 

-Weight:  t  lb,  4  01. 
ten  Battery 

•  S-Mctftr/B»ttrry 
Indicator 

•  Siir  ■  ■  7/1  x   1   7/% 

•  2,5  Walls  Minimum 
Output  *  12  VDC 

•  Currant  Drain  RX 
2S  MA  TX   500   MA 

•  Mlcroiwltch 
Speaker  Mic 

•  High  impact 
PlaiUc  Caw 


Shown  With 
Optional 
Touch-Tone  Pad 


*   *   *  *   *    AVAILABLE  FROM  YOUR  LOCAL  AMATEUR  DEALER,  OR  FACTORY  DIRECT.         *   *   *   *    *   *   * 

D Check    D Money  Order 
DBAC       dMaster  Charge 


* 
* 


.1402  SM  @  $179,95 
.1405  SM   @    249.95 

2202  SM   @     249.95 


.4502  SM  #    299  95 


BC-2 


• 


B?-\ 


-BT1 


JLC2 


-SM-2 

TE-1  * 

.TE-2* 


@ 


39.95 

16.95 

6,75 

19  95 
1935 
26.95 

100.00 
59.95 
1 2.95 


TX  or  RX  XTALS,  All 
Common  Repeater  Freq. 
146-148  at  $4,25  ea. 
All  other  2M,  220,450, 
MARS  or  CAP  XTALS 
at  SI 0.00  ea. 

Nevada  Reiidents  add  Sales  Tax 


Please  Equip  Transceivers 
As  Follows 


*  Amount  Enclosed  $ 

*  Card# 

-X- 

Name „ 

*  Address 


Exp.  Date: 


City_ 
State 


Zip 


TT-P  f» 

XF-1        @ 

Factory  XTAL 

Installation  Netting 
#$7.  so/  Radio 
*  Specify  Frequency 

******** 


XTALS  RX 

A 

XTALS  RX 

ft 

r* 

n 

*= 

i= 

*   Phone  AC 

Signature  _ 


c 
o 

o 


< 
> 


********** 


* 

* 
*     *     * 


WILSON  ELECTRONICS  CORP. 

4288  SO.  POLARIS  *   LAS  VEGAS  .  NEVADA  «  89103 


* 


******************** 


Repeater  Update 


Compiled  by  Stan  Minkowski  WA1UMV 


IOWA 

WR0AOI        Des  Moines 
WR0AJC       Burlington 
WR0AGC      Denison 

KANSAS 


146.67 
146.79 
146.88 


Autopatch 


ALABAMA 

WR4AZG      Hueytown 
WR4AUT      Montgomery 

CALIFORNIA 


WR0AMW     Hutchinson 


WB6AAI 

WR6AAH 

WR6ABA 

WR6ABC 

WR6ABI 

WR6ABR 

WR6ABU 

YVR6ABW 

WR6ACA 

WR6ACD 

WR6ACK 

WR6ACT 

WR6ACY 

WR6AD0 

WR6AFI 

WR6AFJ 

WR6AFX 

WR6AGP 

WR6AGV 

WR6AHA 

WR6AHR 

WR6AHX 

WR6AID 

WR6AII 

WR6AJN 

WR6AKK 

WR6AKU 

WR6AKX 

WR6ALC 

WR6ALH 

WR6ALZ 

WR6ANA 

WR6AIMK 

WR6ANY 

WR6AOC 

WR6AOF 

WR6AOG 

WR6AQX 

WR6AQX 

WR6AOY 

WR6APS 

WR6AGE 

WR6ASM 

WR6AUG 

WR6AUT 

WR6AUG 

WR6AWQ 


Verdugo 
Disappointment 
Ml.  Batdy 
L.  A. 
Long  Beach 

L.  A, 
L.A. 

Johnstone  Pk 
Santa  Monica 
Bar  stow 
San  Diego 
Orange  County 
Santa  Barbara 
Pa! os  Verde* 
Bar  stow 
L,A. 

Mt.  Wilson 
Pa  I  md  ale 
San  Diego 
Santa  Ana 
San  Diego 
San  Diego 
Julian 

Beverly  Hills 
Palos  Verdes 
Mt.  Luteins 
Johnstone  Pk 
Ro  seme  ad 
Redondo  Beach 
Mt,  Palomar 
Loop  Cyn 
L.A. 

Santa  Barbara 
Hawthorne 
San  Diego 
Ventura 
Ventura 
Monteray  Pk 
Mt.  Wilson 
San  Diego 
San  Diego 

South  Orange 

Malibu 

LA. 


Repeater  Testing  Channel 


GEORGIA 


WR4ASU       Riverdale 


HAWAII 


WR6AOD      AtaMoana 


ILLINOIS 


WR9AFM 
WR9AAD 
WR9AKB 
WR9AGR 
WR9AKT 

INDIANA 


Gurnee 
Bald  Knob 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Carbondale 


147.15 
146.91 


147.36 

Private 

147.36 

Private 

147.81 

147,21  IN 

224.36 

147.015 

147.615 

224.30 

147.06 

Private 

147.00 

147.60  IN 

146.70 

RTTY 

224.00 

22482 

Private 

147.15 

147,39 

Private 

146.896 

146.295 

223.96 

224.64 

Private 

146,76 

147.03 

Private 

147,765 

147.165 

147.24 

147,675 

147,075  IN 

147.975 

147.375  \H 

224.54 

Autopatch 

146-73 

147.195 

147.795  IN 

147.36 

224,28 

146.76 

224,72 

146.175 

146.775  IN 

147.675 

Private 

224,92 

Private 

224.40 

Private 

147.705 

147.105  IN 

146.91 

146.115 

146715  IN 

146.70 

RTTY 

146,28 

224.02 

224,44 

224.08 

Private 

224.12 

Private 

147,885 

147.285 

224.84 

Private 

224.76 

224.32 

Private 

224.52 

Private 

224,6 

223.00  IN 

147,48 


147.30 


444.35 
146.65 
442.05 
146  64 
146.73 


146,46  IN  P 


PL 


449.325  IN 
447,05  IN 


LOUISIANA 

WR5ALD 

WR5AGV 

WR5AG0 

WR5AHT 

WR5AHT 

WR5AKM 

WR5AMS 

WR5AJO 

WR5AJU 

WR5AJU 

WR5AQP 

MICHIGAN 


Baton  Rouge 

De  Ridder 
New  Orleans 
S  Udell 
Slidell 
Winnsboro 
Thibodaux 
New  Roads 
New  Orleans 
New  Orleans 
Abbeville 


WR8AJK       Battle  Creek 


MISSOURI 


WR0AHR      Kansas  City 


NORTH  DAKOTA 


WR0AGR      Grand  Forks 


OKLAHOMA 


WR5ASI        Oklahoma  City 
PENNSYLVANIA 


WR3ACM 

WR3ACE 

WR3AH2 

WR3AIZ 

WR3AIT 


Altoona 
Pine  Grove 
Parkesburg 
Blue  Knob  Mr, 
New  Castle 


TENNESSEE 


WR4AZF      Short  Mountain 


TEXAS 


WR5AHA 

El  Paso 

WR5AJW 

Beaumont 

WR5AJW 

Beaumont 

WR5AOK 

Groves 

WR5AOK 

Groves 

WR5AOK 

Groves 

WR5AOK 

Groves 

VIRGINIA 

WR4ACW 

Richmond 

WR4APC 

Tysons  Corner 

WR4ATJ 

Bristol 

WR4APE 

South  Hill 

WASHINGTON 

146,67 

Autopatch 

146.79 

VOX 

146.85 

Autopatch 

146,82 

147.27 

224.66 

223,06  IN 

146,70 

14730 

147.03 

147.06 

146.46  IN 

147,09 

14649  IN 

146.67 

52.64 

52,76  IN 

146.70 


146.94 


146.70 


146.61 

146.64 
146.985 
147.15 
147.195 


146,91 


146.88 
147.21 
146.61 

147.24 


RTTY 


NEW  MEXICO 

WR5ABG      LasCruces 

146,64 

Autopatch 

WR5ANO      Deming 

146.82 

WR5ASE      Troth  or  Consequences 

146.76 

WR5AML      Tucumcari 

146  88 

NEW  YORK 

WR2AGS      Amagansett 

147.03 

1  I 

WR2AOC      Syracuse 

147,90 

147 ,30  IN 

WR2ACV      Syracuse 

147.93 

147.33  IN 

RTTY 


Private 


Autopatch 


146.79 

147.12 

Autopatch 

52.525 

53.12  IN 

29.60 

29.64  IN 

52.64 

53.64  IN 

14682 

444.0 

449.0  IN 

Private 

Autopatch  RTTY 
Autopatch 


WR9AKK      Indianapolis 


52.60 


53.20  IN 


WR7AGS      Seattle 


444.70 


449,70  IN 


50 


\ 


6.2    8    0 


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Thomas  R.  Yocpm  WA1RTD 
21  Bay  berry  Road 
Acton  MA   01 120 


-  ON  HOOK 

-  OFF  HOOK 


+  4& 
+  6 


CALLING  PARTY 
CALLING  PARTY 
CALLED  PARTY-        ANSWERED   -  6 

CALLED  PARTY Oft  HOOK       +6 

CALLING  PARTY  --  ON  HOOK       +  46 


Automatic  Autopatch  Release 


-  -  safer  mobile  operation  for  the  troops 


There's  no  denying  the 
value  of  an  autopatch 
on  a  reliable  repeater. 
Whether  it's  for  the  "little" 
calls  or  the  more  important 
emergency  calls,  the  auto- 
patch is  fun  to  operate* 

Ail  autopatches  have  a 
defined  attach  and  release 
procedure.  Some  of  them 
have  a  straightforward  "easy" 
attach  and  release  while 
others  may  have  relatively 
complex  access  codes  de- 
signed to  limit  use  of  the 
autopatch  to  "qualified"  per- 
sons. The  attach  and  release 
can  be  made  as  complex  as 
desired.  Generally,  the  release 
procedure  is  somewhat 
simple.  If  you  want  to 
streamline  the  use  of  your 
autopatch,  you  can  make  the 
release  fully  automatic. 

To  automate  the  release,  a 
simple  circuit  is  added  that 
will  generate  a  "disconnect" 


signal  for  the  patch  control 
logic  when  the  called  party 
hangs  up  (signaling  the  end  of 
the  telephone  call).  The 
circuit  is  based  upon  a  fairly 
consistent  characteristic  of 
the  phone  line's  polarity.  The 
voltage  across  the  phone  line 
is  typically  48  V  when  the 
handset  is  "on  hook."  When 
the  handset  is  removed,  the 
voltage  drops  to  around  6  V. 
When  the  called  party 
answers,  the  6  V  reverses 
polarity  for  the  duration  of 
the  calk  When  the  called 
party  hangs  up,  the  polarity 
returns  to  the  pre-answered 
condition.  This  pattern  of 
voltages  and  polarity  transi- 
tions can  be  used  to  generate 
a  patch  release  signal.  The 
various  levels  and  polarity 
conditions  are  summarized  in 
Fig,  1 

The  circuit  shown  in  Fig.  2 
is  used  to  provide  a  contact 


£61 

■MV- 


*4S   WHEN      POSITIVE  T "p     AlNG-4*      \ 

HANDSET        WHEW  CALLED  **P      T 

IS  ON  HOOK    /PARTY  has I  ft 


ING45 

T      ft 


ElrF.C    INST 
2275-6V 


-r 


TURN  OFF 
PATCH 


ATTACH  3900 

TO  o         **w 

POINT  A 


OPTIONAL  VISUAL  INDICATOR 


2NI6I5 


fTl 


/T7 


Fig  2 


closure  when  the  called  party 
has  answered.  This  contact 
closure  is  then  used  to  pro- 
vide a  path  for  charging  a 
capacitor  that  in  turn  gen- 
erates a  negative  pulse  when 
the  called  party  hangs  up. 
Notice  that  there  are  two 
power  supplies  —  a  dedicated 
"floating"  power  supply  for 
the  polarity  detector  and  the 
+12  V  power  supply  for  the 
system.  The  separate  supply 
for  the  detector  is  an  absolute 
necessity  to  avoid  grounding 
one  side  of  the  phone  line!  A 
capacitor  is  connected  across 
the  relay  coit  to  delay  the 
relay  pulses  that  may  occur 
during  the  answering  process. 
You  may  need  to  experiment 
with  the  capacitor's  value  to 
accommodate  local  condi- 
tions or  a  different  relay  than 
the  one  used  in  Fig,  2, 

The  output  stage  is  simply 
a  transistor  switch  that  is 
biased  on  (output  =  .5  V). 
The  capacitor  is  charged  via 
the  1 000  Oh  m  resi  sto  r  duri  ng 
the  answered  period  and  then 
generates  a  short  negative 
pulse  on  the  base  of  the 
transistor  when  the  called 
party  hangs  up.  The  negative 
pulse  momentarily  turns  off 
the  transistor  causing  a 
momentary  positive  pulse  at 
the  output.  This  pulse  can  be 
used  to  turn  off  the  auto- 
patch by  simulating  the 
normal  manual  turnoff  char- 
acter, pulse,  signal,  etc. 


+  48 

+  6 
-6 


lANSHiEREP. 


Fig,  7. 

The  optional  visual  indi- 
cator is  simply  a  lamp  driver 
that  can  be  used  to  light  a 
panel  lamp  when  the  called 
party  has  answered.  If  the 
repeater  is  already  equipped 
with  a  group  of  status  lamps, 
this  additional  lamp  may  be 
added  to  provide  a  little  more 
operational     and     diagnostic 

information.  Select  the  bias 
resistor  so  that  the  lamp  fila- 
ment is  slightly  lighted  when 
the  input  to  the  base  (Point 
"A")  is  grounded.  Keeping 
the  lamp  warm  will  prolong 
the  lamp's  life  and  protect 
the  transistor  from  current 
surges  through  the  lamp's  fila- 
ment. 

The  polarity  detector 
should  be  attached  to  the 
phone  line  on  the  "repeater 
side"  of  the  relay  that  con- 
nects the  phone  line  to  the 
patch.  This  will  eliminate  any 
improper  interaction  with  the 
phone  line  when  the  patch  is 
not  in  use.  Fig.  3  shows  the 
appropriate  interface.  Check 
the  phone  line  polarity  with  a 
voltmeter  and  attach  the 
detector  as  illustrated  in  Fig. 
2. 

Why  not  add  this  little 
circuit  to  your  autopatch?  It 
makes  using  the  patch  a  lot 
more  convenient  and  saves 
having  to  reach  for  and  dial  a 
release  command  at  the  end 
of  the  call.  The  less  you  dial 
while  driving,  the  safer  you 
will  be!  ■ 


.A 


•*^      D— » 


PHONE  LINE 
f 


^< 


J- 


RELAY  OPERATED 
TO  ATTACH 
AUTOPATCH 


PHONE 
PATCH 


POLARITY 
DF. TEC  TOR 


FIGURE   2 


Fig.  3, 


52 


Your 
constant 

companion 


CT 


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Al 


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. . .  to  keep  you 


constantly  in  touch 

with  the  world 


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E*£5H— T    ttnK«t*jin»t  RictiH* 


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l}*iiil   *JO 


*  * 


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Oil 


Bill  Higgins  WA2RXQ 
430  Ocean  Terrace 
Staten  Island  NY  10301 


Emergency 
911  System 


-  -  help  for  NYC 


It  was  December  27, 1976, 
and  Christmas  gifts  were 
still  in  sight  in  the  Higgins' 
living  room  as  Mike  WB2EIL 
and  Bill  WA2RXQ  were  hur- 
riedly rewinding  a  video  re- 
cording of  the  evening  news. 
NBC  had  just  aired  a  three 
minute  and  19  second  special 
entitled  "Helping  Hams/* 
when  over  the  monitor  of 
WR2ADP  came  WA2UTV, 
"Is  there  any  control  station 
on    frequency?" 

Almost  before  I  could 
reply,  WA2YYZ  came  on 
frequency  followed  by 
WA2JSJ,  KTUAT,  WA2VBJ, 
WA2ECI,  WA2FUL,  W2DME, 
WA2KHN,  WA2HYT,  and  a 
continuous  parade  of  well- 
wishers.  Mike  remarked  that 
he  had  not  heard  the  machine 
this  active  since  1975  when 
we  loaned  the  station  to  the 
New  York  City  Police  Depart- 
ment for  three  days,  follow- 
ing a  five  alarm  fire  in  a  main 
switching  center  of  the  New 
York  Telephone  Company. 
The  station  call  then  was 
WR2ABK,  but  it  was  the 
same  group  that  was  operat- 
ing WR2ADP  now.  We  re- 
flected on  how  it  all  began 
and  how  grateful  we  were  to 
the  production  crews  at  NBC, 
particularly  to  Stephanie 
Stern,  who  had  worked  so 
hard  to  produce  the  special 
news  documentary  about  am- 
ateur radio. 


News  Center  4  began  the 
show  with  Mary  Merendini 
WA2CSM  driving  down  a 
country  road  and  talking  to 
her  harmonic,  Lisa,  about  her 
day  in  school,  when  Lisa, 
dramatizing,  remarked  that 
she  saw  a  burglar  breaking 
into  Mr,  Jones's  home.  Mary, 
determining  that  the  Joneses 
were  away  on  vacation,  pro- 
ceeded  to  pull  off  the  road 
and  produce  a  Wilson  HT 
with  TT  pad  and,  as  the 
camera  zoomed  in  over  her 
shoulder,  punched  the  digits 
911.  In  response,  a  voice  re- 
turned, "Police  Department, 
where  is  the  emergency?" 
Mary  proceeded  to  report  a 
burglary  in  progress.  From 
there,  the  cameras  took  us  to 
the  repeater  site  and  focused 
on  the  repeater  cabinet  and 
control  circuit  that  Jim 
WA2ECP  had  designed  and 
built.  The  cameras  then  took 
us  to  police  headquarters 
where  calls  for  emergencies 
are  processed. 

I  got  my  chance  before  the 
camera  and  explained  that 
the  project  implementation 
was  delayed  for  more  than  15 
months  due  primarily  to  ob- 
jections and  conditions  set 
down  by  the  police  depart- 
ment. 1  explained  that  it  was 
the  desire  of  the  Radio  Ama- 
teurs Repeater  Association  of 
Staten  Island  to  assist  the 
public  and  government  in 
times     of    emergency,     that 


white  landslides  and  earth- 
quakes get  the  most  pub- 
licity, there  are  many  such 
catastrophes  in  individual 
lives  each  day  on  a  local  level. 
Assisting  with  one  of  them  is 
equally  as  important  as  giving 
aid  to  a  foreign  country. 

The  program  ended  by 
showing  the  awards  the  re- 
peater group  had  received  in 
the  past:  a  letter  from  the 
FCC,  an  ARRL  Public  Service 
award,  and  a  certificate  of 
appreciation  from  the  New 
York  Police  Department.  A 
file  film  depicting  the  work 
we  had  done  during  the  1975 
telephone  company  fire  was 
also  shown. 

Due  to  the  time  limita- 
tions of  television  and,  I  sup- 
pose, the  desire  not  to  get 
technical  with  the  viewing 
public,  it  was  not  possible  to 
get  into  the  why  and  how  of 
our  911  system  on  television. 
However,  for  those  of  you 
who  live  in  or  visit  New  York 
City,  here  is  how  it  works. 
The  repeater  is  capable  of 
autopatch  and  reverse  auto- 
patch  but,  as  you  already 
know,  the  prefix  codes  to 
activate  dial  tone  are  reserved 
for  active  members'  use.  It 
seemed  to  me  that  to  have 
more  than  $2,500  worth  of 
equipment  idle,  when  some- 
one had  an  emergency  but 
could  not  raise  an  operator 
with     the    autopatch    codes, 


was  not  good  business.  My 
first  approach  was  to  request 
permission  from  the  police 
department  to  install  amateur 
equipment  at  headquarters  on 
147.911  MHz.  The  equip- 
ment I  suggested  could  be 
manned  by  police  officers 
who  hold  ham  tickets.  The 
idea  was  turned  down  about 
four  months  after  my  first 
letter  was  sent.  The  police 
requested  that  all  calls  for 
emergency  aid  be  directed 
through  their  911  telephone 
system* 

It  seemed  to  me  that  the 
police  did  not  care  or  want  to 
cooperate.  Some  months 
later,  while  cleaning  up  some 
paperwork,  I  came  upon  that 
same  letter.  This  time  the 
words  "directed  through  their 
911  system"  had  a  new 
meaning  for  me.  I  called  Jim 
Passione  WA2ECP  who  had 
built  most  of  our  control 
circuitry  and  asked  him  if  he 
could  modify  the  circuit  so 
that  unknown  hams  and  tran- 
sients could  access  the  911 
police  emergency  number 
without  knowing  the  dial 
tone  access  code. 

The  system  we  came  up 
with  is  so  simple  that  I  am 
almost  embarrassed  to  tell 
you  how  long  it  took  to 
devise;  anyway,  here  goes.  A 
station  comes  on  frequency 
(147.915)  and  signals  911  on 
a  TT  pad  (no  need  to  bring 
up  dial  tone).  The  decoder 
receives  it  and  closes  a  relay 
which  energizes  an  eight  track 
tape  recorder.  Track  A  re- 
ports back  to  the  caller, 
"Please  stand  by.  Your  call 
for  emergency  assistance  is 
being  automatically  pro- 
cessed." Track  B,  simulta- 
neously, is  redialing  the  New 
York  City  Police  emergency 
number  91 1  on  an  open  tele- 
phone line  and  informing  the 
police  to  stand  by:  "A  call 
for  emergency  assistance  is 
being  automatically  relayed 
via  amateur  radio  station 
WR2ADP."  Approximately 
1 5  seconds  down  the  line,  the 
caller  and  the  police  are 
patched  together.  They  are 
permitted  100  seconds  of 
conversation    and    then    are 


&4 


automatically  disconnected. 
There  is  a  30  second  warning 
prior  to  disconnection  which 
states  that,  "If  more  time  is 
required,  signal  911    again/' 

The  repeater  has  been  pro- 
grammed to  rebroadcast  the 
US  weather  in  order  that  in- 
terested parties  may  test  their 
equipment:  *41  activates 
weather  and  *47  disconnects. 
This  function  should  dis- 
courage anonymous  operators 
from  embarrassing  the  ama- 
teur fraternity  by  falsely 
signaling  911  without  re- 
porting  a  bona  fide  emer- 
gency. 

The  police  department  re- 
quests that  all  callers,  except 
those  located  in  State n  Is- 
land, state  the  borough  from 
which  they  are  calling.  Since 
the  repeater  is  using  a  Staten 
Island  trunk,  all  calls  pro- 
cessed through  the  repeater 
appear  on  the  Staten  Island 
dispatcher's  desk*  They  can 
be  routed  to  other  boroughs 
through  the  police  computer 
switching  system  if  they  are 
properly  identified. 


Bill  Higgins  WA2RXQ>  trustee  of  WR2ADP,  demonstrates  the  "emergency  autodial11 to  officer 
Andy  Merendini  WB2EIR.  Andy  now  carries  two  HTs  when  on  duty. 


All  hams  are  welcome  and 
are  invited  to  use  the  91 1 
feature  in  the  event  they  en- 
counter a  situation  that  they 


believe  requires  police  at- 
tention. I  sincerely  hope  that 
calls  for  minor  disturbances 
are  avoided  in  order  that  the 


network  not  be  overloaded 
both  at  the  repeater  and  at  an 
a  I  ready  overwor  ked  com- 
munications     bureau,  ■ 


Just  imagine  going  from 
21,000  to  21,450  and 
not  having  to  touch  the 
loading  controls,  after  an 
initial  tune-up  on  about 
21,220!  I  built  this  one  in  the 
middle  50' s,  right  after  I 
received  my  General  Class,  so 
most  of  this  is  from  memory. 
My  reference  was  an  article  in 
a  1954  QST,  "Beer  Can 
Vertical,11  which  was  for  40 
meters* 

Description 

I  used  11  feet  of  rain 
gutter  downspouting  for  the 
vertical  element.  Since  down- 
spouts don't  come  in  such 
odd  lengths,  I  had  to  use  an 
extra  piece  of  sheet  metal 
wrapped  around  the  top 
section  to  make  up  the 
difference.  This  was  attached 
with  sheet  metal  screws. 

The  vertical  element  was 
insulated  from  ground  by  a 
quart  soda  pop  bottle.  This 
bottle  was  first  placed  about 
halfway  into  the  ground  to 
stabilize  it, 

The  vertical  was  guyed 
from     the     top     with     non- 


John  Skuhick  K8ANG 
1040  Meadowbrook 
Warren   OH  44434 


m 

The  Downspout  Vertical 

-  -  a  great  15m  antenna  for  soda  pop  drinkers 


metallic  clothesline.  At  the 
base  I  used  a  6  foot  ground 
rod,  and  the  transmission  line 
was  a  long  length  of  RG-58.  I 
realize  now  that  two  improve- 
ments would  be:  several  12 
foot  radials  and  feeding  the 
whole  thing  with  RG-8. 

Operation 

My  rig  was  a  Johnson 
Adventurer  (50  Watts  input 
to  an  807)  with  a  wi-i-i-de 
range  pi-network  output  tank 
(no  tuner  needed).  This  rig 
loaded  up  just  fine  to  this 
vertical,  I  don't  know  what 
the  swr  was,  because  1  didn't 
have  an  swr  bridge.  In  fact,  1 
don't    think   anyone    did    in 


those  days,  except  the 
ARRL's  laboratory!  With 
today's  "modern"  50  Ohm 
output  transmitters,  you 
probably  will  have  to  resort 
to   feedline  trimming  or  use 


an  unbalanced  tuner  to  get  a 
match. 

I  was  able  to  work  "all 
over"  Europe  and  Africa  and 
into  Asia,  and  I  have  QSLs  to 
prove  it!  ■ 


NOW  METALLIC  CLOTHESLINE 
GUYING  (AT  LEAST  3) 


ELEMENT-  llfr  X3in  (.3.3m  XT  TO  Scm) 


LARGE 

BOTTLE 
INSULATOR 


TO   TRANSMITTER 


■ ■-*   [-GROUND  [RAGIALS  WOULD  BE  SUPERIOR  TO 

II  A  SINGLE  GROUND  ROD] 


Fig.  h  Ultra-wide  bandwidth  15  meter  vertical. 


55 


Paul  Schuett  WA6CPP/WA7PE1 

Box  10 

Wallace  CA   95254 


RTTY?  What's  That? 


-  -  how  to  get  started 
with  teletype 


After  doing  some  years 
of  customary  operat- 
ing, I  thought  it  would  be  fun 
to  operate  with  a  teleprinter 
—  encouraged  by  another 
amateur  donating  a  tele- 
printer and  a  lot  of  advice. 
Thinking  that  it  would  be  fun 
to  get  involved  with  some- 
thing new,  !  accepted;  since 
then  I  have  learned  a  lot  of 
good  information  about  how 
machines  operate,  how  to  fix 
them  and  the  like. 

There  is  a  lot  of  informa- 
tion available  about  different 
printer  models  and  basic  in- 
formation o^  how  they  work, 
along  with  basic  operating 
techniques.  Rather  than 
repeat  or  summarize  that 
information,  this  article  will 
give  a  couple  practical  ideas 
to  the  person  wanting  to  get 
started. 

You  really  only  need  two 
things  to  get  started  -  a 
printer  and  a  converter  (the 
converter  both  receives  and 
generates  the  teleprinter 
tones).  Rather  than  fussing 
with  one  of  these  "beginner'* 
units,  which  are  really  not 
very  satisfactory  in  operation, 
I  thought  I  would  start  the 
right  way  the  first  time. 
There  really  is  not  a  great 
deal  of  general  information 
readily  available,  so  one  must 
pretty  much  rely  on  advice 
from     others.     Looking     at 


prices  and  specifications,  I 
elected  to  purchase  the  Hal 
ST-6  kit.  There  are  several 
converters  available  in  several 
price  ranges;  this  one 
appeared  to  have  the  most 
features  at  the  best  price, 

The  Hal  organization  is 
excellent  at  getting  materials 
out  in  a  hurry,  I  received  an 
immediate  confirmation  of 
my  order  with  the  sad  infor- 
mation that  there  would  be  a 
slight  delay  on  shipment  (it 
developed  that  they  were  out 
of  the  power  transformer). 
The  merchandise  arrived 
before  the  expected  delivery 
day  by  UPS.  They  were  nice 
enough  to  send  the  instruc- 
tion book  right  away  so  I 
could  get  acquainted  with 
what  to  do.  It  took  about  a 
week  to  put  it  together  -  the 
instruction  book  was  most 
complete  and  quite  necessary 
since  the  circuit  boards  are 
not  marked,  making  it  neces- 
sary to  study  the  pictures  and 
the  diagrams  to  get  the 
components  in  the  proper 
holes. 

Of  course,  when  I  got  the 
unit  complete  it  didn't  work. 
(This  problem  is  not  confined 
to  Hal  —  I  have  had  many 
projects  not  working  the  first 
time  around.)  After  consider- 
able strain  and  a  couple  visits 
to  a  friend's  test  bench,  it 
developed  that  the  +12  and 


-12  voltages  were  not  exactly 
the  same  +  and  - ,  and  one 
critical  place  was  not 
balancing.  A  paralleled  resis- 
tor got  the  voltage  to  balance 
and  everything  worked  fine. 
One  must  have  access  to  a 
frequency  counter  in  assem- 
bling the  Hal  unit  (or  get  it 
already  built)  since  it  is  neces- 
sary to  adjust  the  audio  oscil- 
lator to  the  proper  frequen- 
cies for  RTTY  operation  and 
necessary  to  prune  the  tuned 
circuits  in  the  receive  section 
to  get  right  on  frequency. 
This  takes  the  better  part  of 
an  afternoon  checking  the 
resonance  of  the  tuned 
circuits  and  pulling  off  turns 
from  the  toroids  or  changing 
capacitors  to  get  the  exact 
resonant  frequency.  It's  quite 
necessary  to  have  a  little  pile 
oF  small-value  high-precision 
capacitors  in  order  to  get  the 
resonance  within  3  Hz  of  the 
specified  frequencies,  The  Hal 
people  could  make  some 
improvements  in  their  unit  by 
providing  support  for  the 
circuit  boards  (they're  held  in 
by  the  edge  connectors  only) 
and  by  supplying  several 
colors  of  wire  instead  of  the 
generous  supply  of  one  color. 
It  took  one  day  to  do  the 
interior  interconnecting 
wiring  between  the  switches 
and  edge  connectors;  1  used 
different  colors,  which  makes 


it  much  easier  when  tracing 
and  troubleshooting. 

Modifying  the  Heath  kit 
SB-401  transmitter  was 
simple.  To  transceive  on 
RTTY,  two  contacts  are 
jumpered  to  permit  the  unit 
to  transmit  on  the  RTTY 
position.  The  crystals  and 
filter  in  the  equipment, 
although  ideal  for  850  Hz 
shift,  work  out  quite  well  on 
the  almost  universally  used 
170  Hz  shift  With  careful 
work  on  the  carrier  suppres- 
sion, satisfactory  operation  is 
easily  achieved  by  feeding  the 
AFSK  tones  in  the  micro- 
phone jack  with  resultant 
FSK  (F2)  output  There  is  no 
problem  using  a  VHF  unit 
since  AFSK  is  used;  the  signal 
goes  in  the  mike  jack  and 
comes  out  the  speaker  con- 
nection. 

The  areas  of  RTTY 
concentration  are  easily 
found  on  the  bands.  Most 
operation  uses  60  wpm  opera- 
tion and  170  Hz  shift, 
although  some  850  Hz  shift  is 
still  occasionally  found.  A 
RTTY  QSO  is  little  different 
than  an  SSB  QSO  -  the  same 
general  type  of  conversation 
takes  place:  name,  location, 
equipment  listing,  weather 
report,  etc.  One  must 
remember  that  it  takes  longer 
to  say  the  same  thing  when 
typing,  so  watch  that  10 
minute  timer.  Also  watch  the 
plate  ammeter  since  you  are 
using  a  100%  duty  cycle  — 
don't  exceed  the  plate  dis- 
sipation rating  of  your  finals. 
On  VHF,  the  same  informa- 
tion is  exchanged  that  is 
heard  on  voice  repeaters: 
"just  testing  out  my  new  rig" 
along  with  a  lot  of  highly 
technical  talk  of  interest 
primarily  to  RTTY  and 
computer  specialists.  There 
are  RTTY  repeaters  that  have 
the  customary  weekly  net 
and  check-in.  One  in  this  area 
is  complete  with  swap  shop 
and  ARRL  bulletins. 

With  a  change  of  gears, 
one  can  use  a  communica- 
tions receiver  and  eavesdrop 
on  commercial  transmissions 
(remember  the  FCC's  secrecy 
rule),  although  much  of  this 
traffic  is  ASCI  I  or  encrypted. 


56 


There  is  a  lot  of  press  activity 
in  Spanish  at  67  wpm.  Of 
course  it  helps  to  be  able  to 

read  Spanish  . ,  . 

It  also  helps  to  be  able  to 
type  for  those  intending  to 
engage  in  2  way  teleprinter 
contacts.  It's  surprising  that 
some  teleprinter  operators  are 
rather  poor  typists. 

At  the  moment  my  tele- 
printer operation  is  quite 
small -time  in  comparison 
with  what  many  others  have. 
Just  a  printer  (with 
keyboard)    and    a   converter. 


Later,  when  funds  permit,  I 
hope  to  include  some  tape 
equipment  (puncher  and 
reader)  and  get  set  up  with  a 
UART  to  improve  the  perfor- 
mance. Right  now  everything 
is  still  quite  simple  and 
satisfactory.  It  might  be 
mentioned  that  the  more 
sophisticated  the  operation, 
the  more  there  is  to  go  wrong 
and  the  more  adjustments 
there  will  be. 

It's  a  good  idea  to  start 
simple  and  build  up  the  more 
elaborate  installation  as  your 


interest  and  funds  permit  At 
the  same  time,  put  in  good 
equipment  that  will  work 
well,  which  will,  in  the  long 
run,  reduce  your  total  cash 
outlay.  Don't  get  a  bunch  of 
junk  that  will  take  two  hours' 
maintenance  to  one  hour's 
operating.  Don't  expend 
heavy  amounts  of  cash  on 
equipment  that  is  50  years 
old  and  getting  obsolete. 
There  is  fairfy  good  used 
equipment  generally  avail- 
able; make  sure  it  is  working 
if  you  are  not  sure  how  to  do 


the  internal  maintenance  (or 
have  a  friend  who  knows 
how).  Before  starting,  check 
the  FCC  rules  on  teleprinter 
operation  which  in  general  is 
restricted,  on  the  low  bands, 
to  the  CW  portion;  identifica- 
tion is  done  by  CW  but  by 
your  call  only  (you  can  use 
the  letters  key  for  dots  and 
the  blank  for  dashes). 

You  can  make  new  friends 
and  have  a  lot  of  fun  on  the 
teleprinter,  as  well  as  learn  a 
lot  of  operating  and  technical 
savvy.  ■ 


Most  of  the  contem- 
porary articles  on 
printed  circuit  fabrication 
begin  with  photosensitized 
board  and  take  the  reader 
through  the  various  steps  of 
exposure,  development, 
plating,  etc.  One  or  two  of 
the  articles  explain  that  a 
spray  sensitizer  is  available, 
leaving  the  reader  to  assume 
one  simply  sprays  clean  board 
and  is  then  ready  to  begin 
fabrication.  This  is  not  true. 
In  fact,  I  found  the  most 
difficult  part  of  the  whole 
process  was  just  coating  the 
plain  PC  board,  such  that  the 
resist  was  not  floating  in 
streamers  in  the  developer 
like  octopus  or  squid  tenta- 
cles. If  you've  never  seen  this, 
you  simply  cannot  sense  how 
frustrating  it  is.  And  presen- 
sitized  board  usually  costs 
several  times  as  much  as  plain 
board. 

After    several    frustrating 
times,  it  became  obvious  that 
I  was  getting  the  board  too 
clean  and   too  smooth  with 
steel     wool     and     scouring 
powder    . . ,    so    clean    and 
smooth     that     the     paint 
(lacquer  base  resist)  could  not 
stick.  A  new  procedure  was 
devised  and  success  has  been 
mine,  unfailingly,  since  then. 
I  share  this  with  you: 
1.  Forget  the  scouring 
powder  and  steel  wool. 
Switch  to  #400  wet -or- 
dry  emery  paper.  Work 
in  the  sink  with  running 
water     and     rub     the 
board  in  straight,  paral- 
lel   strokes    until    you 
have  a  satin  finish  on 
the  copper.  Keep  every- 


Herbert  M.  Rosenthal  KL7AE 
2941  Brandywine 
Anchorage  AK  99502 


Do 


Yourself 


Photosensitizing 


-  -  practical  PCs 


thing  wet  to  prevent 
deep     scratches.     This 

microscopically \  rough 
surface  is  just  what  is 
needed  for  good 
bonding  of  the  resist. 

2.  Dry  the  boards 
thoroughly. 

3.  Immerse  them  next 
in  clean  lacquer 
thinner.  A  quart  pur- 
chased for  this  cleaning 
purpose  can  be  split, 
with  half  used  to 
remove  the  resist  after 
etching  . .  ,  separate 
containers   are  a  must. 

4.  Remove  the  boards 
from  the  thinner,  point 
down  so  they  drain 
well. 


5.  Place  the  boards  on 


newspaper,  copper  side 
up  and  dry  with  warm 
air  from  a  hair  dryer 
...  ten  or  fifteen 
minutes  will  ensure 
complete  removal  of 
moisture  and  a  slight 
warming  of  the  boards. 
6,  Spray  the  boards.  I 
do  it  horizontally, 
although  the  instruc- 
tions on  the  resist  say 
to  do  it  vertically.  I  use 
my  son's  darkroom ,  but 
a  yellow  bug  bulb  over 
the  workbench  at  night 
will  do.  After  the  spray, 
turn  the  hair  dryer  back 
on  and  blow  warm  air 
on  the  boards  for 
another  fifteen 
minutes,   then   let    the 


whole    mess    dry  over- 
night in  the  dark.  Store 
in  a  box  or  wrap  each 
board  in  black  paper. 
That's  it  , . .  from  here  on, 
(  proceed  as  usual.  I  use  an 
ultraviolet  bulb  about  a  foot 
off  the  surface  of  the  nega- 
tive.  Too   much   closer  than 
this  and  the  thickness  of  the 
negative     and     parallax     will 
produce  non-sharp  images  on 
the  copper  —  the  light  rays 
will  actually  shine  under  each 
line  on  the  negative  and  ruin 
your  copy. 

Oh  yes,  I  use  the  General 
Cement  photoresist  and 
developer.  Their  numbers  are 
22-231  (resist  spray)  and 
22-234  (developer).  No  more 
tentacles.  ■ 

57 


IMVC7 


iWBG 


1MDC 


C-)WS. 


-^    4VDC 


Fig,  h  Artwork  and  basic  schematic  diagram  for  the  power  supply  used  for  illustration. 


Making  Your  Own 

PC  Boards 


-  -  part 


Charles  F.  Smith 
c/q  73  Magazine 


This  is  the  second  and 
concluding  part  of  this 
article.  Last  month,  you  may 
recall,  we  discussed  all  the 
"  paperwork"  involved  in 
making  a  printed  circuit 
board.  We  concluded  with  a 


QUARTERED"  PAD 


EXPLODED 
VIEW 


FINISHED 
CORNER 


Fig,  2.  Rounding  the  corners  using  cut  pads. 


finished  4  digit  clock  on  a 
single-sided  board.  This 
month  we  will  cover  double- 
sided  and  multi-layer  boards, 
as  well  as  the  manufacturing 
process. 

To  begin  with,  a  definition 
of  double-sided  and  multi- 
layer is  appropriate.  Last 
month  a  double-sided  board 
was  described  as  a  circuit 
board  with  printed  wiring  on 
both  sides.  Components  are 
placed  on  the  side  with  the 
least  amount  of  wiring,  A 
multi-layer  board  is  a  board 


with  many  very  thin  boards 
laminated  together  The 
multi-layer  board  described  in 
these  pages  is  not  quite  as 
complex  as  this,  but  works  as 
well. 

Layout  Design 

Perhaps  the  easiest  way  to 
lay  out  a  double-sided  circuit 
board  is  to  make  it  similar  to 
the  single-sided  board.  Use 
different  colored  pencils  for 
each  side  (or  layer,  for  multi- 
layer). Some  people  prefer 
doing  each  side  on  a  separate 
piece  of  graph  or  tracing 
paper,  Others  use  one  piece 
of  graph  paper  for  everything. 
The  use  of  two  colors  on  one 
piece  of  graph  paper  will  keep 
the  two  sides  separate,  and 
assure  no  errors  caused  by  an 
overabundance  of  papers  to 
keep  track  of* 

When  laying  out  a  double- 
sided  circuit  board,  it  is  best 
to  keep  a  conductor  on  one 
side  of  the  board.  To  elab- 
orate, do  not  run  a  conductor 
to  a  component  lead  and  then 
change  sides.  Shying  away 
from  doing  this  will  prevent 
depending  on  side  to  side 
connections  for  circuit  con- 
tinuity. 

Everything  else  about  a 
double-sided  board  layout  is 
basically  the  same  as  for  a 
single-sided  board. 

Artwork  Design  (Methods) 

For  taping  the  artwork  for 
a  double-sided  board,  there 
are  several  different  methods. 
The  most  obvious  is  to  make 
separate  artwork  for  each 
side*  Another  common 
method  uses  one  sheet  only 
containing    pads    and    other 


58 


markings  common  to  both 
sides.  Use  separate  pieces  of 
clear  mylar  for  the  top  and 
bottom  sides  of  the  board. 
Oa  these,  place  only  the  con- 
ductors for  each  side  and 
registration  marks.  When  a 
negative  is  made,  each  side  or 
layer  is  placed  separately 
above  the  dots.  This  "set"  is 
shot  together,  coming  out 
with  a  combination  of  the 
two.  This  is  probably  one  of 
the  best  methods.  Side  to  side 
registration  is  going  to  be 
excellent^  with  very  little 
error. 

A  similar  method  is  to 
have  a  print  or  film  positive 
made  of  the  pads  only  (one 
print  for  each  side/layer),  and 
tape  directly  over  the  photo- 
graphic  paper  or  film. 

Fig.  1  shows  a  schematic 
diagram  and  board  artwork  of 
a  power  supply  you  may 
want  to  build.  This  circuit 
will  be  used  here  for  explana- 
tion purposes. 

You  will  notice  that  al- 
though the  conductors  are  all 
straight  and  even  like  last 
months  clock,  the  corners 
have  been  rounded.  This  was 
done  by  "quartering1*  a  donut 
pad  twice  the  size  of  the  tape 
used.  In  this  case  I  used  a  1/4" 
pad  with  1/VF  conductors.  Fig* 
2  details  this  process, 

A  method  worth  noting 
was  used  for  the  top  side  of 
this  board,  being  used  as  both 
a  heat  sink  and  a  ground 
plane.  When  the  artwork  for 
the  bottom  side  was  finished, 
I  placed  another  piece  of 
mylar  over  it.  At  points 
where  no  connections 
between  sides  were  to  be 
made,  I  placed  pads  as  large 
or  larger  than  those  on  the 
bottom.  You  can  see  that  this 
is  exactly  the  opposite  of 
what  we  want.  Using  this 
"overlay,"  I  made  a  contact 
print.  This  gave  me  artwork 
on  photographic  paper  for 
the  second  side.  Fig.  3  should 
make  this  clear, 

By  the  way,  if  you  ever 
have  to  fay  out  a  ground 
plane  without  recesses,  and 
do  not  wish  to  use  a  lot  of 
tape,  use  red  paper.  It  should 
be  a  good  grade  of  paper  and 
be  pure  red.  Rubylith  is  also  a 


H 
M 


1 


886 


H 


BOTTOM  ARTWORK 


Fig.  3,  Contact  print  method 
of  making  a  ground  plane, 

material  that  can  be  used.  It 
is  manufactured  for  this  pur- 
pose. A  good  drafting  supply 
store  should  have  some.  Black 
paper  can  aiso  be  used  with 
good  results.  Because  of  the 
properties  of  film,  sometimes 
red  appears  as  a  better  black 
than  black  does.  Strange,  but 
true. 

Registration  Techniques 

There  are  many  registra- 
tion techniques  available. 
Some  are  easier  than  others, 
but  all  work  well.  For  the 
artwork,  special  preprinted 
"stick-ons"  are  available.  Fig. 
4  illustrates  some  of  these, 
which  are  placed  on  each 
piece  of  artwork  at  three 
corners.  When  all  layers  are 
laid  above  each  other,  these 
marks  should  be  super- 
imposed to  appear  as  one 
mark. 

Pin  registration  is  a 
method  the  graphic  arts 
industry  has  been  using  for  a 
long  time  with  great  success. 
This  method  involves  punch- 
ing a  pair  of  holes  in  each 
piece  of  artwork  and  using 
small  pins  (usually  W*  in 
diameter)  to  hold  the  pieces 
in  register.  Fig.  5  shows  these 
two  methods  of  registration, 

A  relatively  new  method 
of  registration  for  double- 
sided  boards  has  been  intro- 
duced by  Bishop  Graphics, 
Inc,  They  call  it  their  "Red 
and  Blue  System."  Instead 
of  using  black  tape  and  pads, 
they  suggest  using  red  and 
blue.  Pads  and  other  marks 
that  go  on  both  sides  of  the 


TOP  ARTWORK 
(PADS  ONLY) 


CONTACT  PRINT 
(FINAL  TOP  ARTW0HK) 


board  are  laid  down  using 
black  pads  and  "stick-ons. M 
Conductors  for  the  first  side 
are  laid  down  using  red  tape. 
On  the  same  artwork,  blue 
tape  is  used  for  conductors 
on  the  second  side.  This 
method  uses  only  one  piece 
of  mylar,  and  one  set  of  pads. 
This  means  that  you  have 
only  one  piece  of  artwork  to 
keep  track  of. 

When  making  a  negative 
using  the  "Red  and  Blue 
System/1  special  film 
(Panchromatic)  and  filters  are 
used.  A  red  filter  is  used  to 
drop  the  red  images  and  hold 
the  blue.  A  blue  filter  is  used 
to  keep  the  red  and  drop  the 
blue.  Since  there  is  no  filter 
available   to  drop  the  black, 


mainly  because  you  cannot, 
such  images  on  the  artwork 
are  picked  up  on  both  nega- 
tives. 

This  method  assures  per- 
fect registration  every  time, 
as  well  as  the  above  men- 
tioned benefits. 

Manufacturing 

Now  that  you  have  nega- 
tives for  the  circuit  board  you 
want  to  make,  you  are  ready 
to  do  some  home  manufac- 
turing, You  are  going  to  need 
some  blank  circuit  boards  and 
several  types  of  chemicals. 
Each  of  these  will  be  dis- 
cussed separately. 

The  type  of  circuit  board 
you  use  will  depend  upon  the 
type  of  project  involved,  and 


Fig.  4,   Typical  "stlck-ons"  used  for  registering  artwork,  The 
concentric  circles  are  used  on  multi-layer  board  artwork. 


J  tj 


TOP  ARTWORK 


H 


BOTTOM  ARTWORK 


W  PINS  (2) 


Fig.  5«  Methods  of  artwork  registration. 


your  choice  of  supply.  Ob- 
viously, if  one  type  of  board 
is  unavailable,  you  will  have 
to  use  what  is  available. 

The  most  popular  types  of 
circuit  boards  are  glass  epoxy 
and  paper  phenolic.  Glass 
epoxy  is  a  good  board  for 
everything,  but  especially  for 
high  frequency  circuits  and 
critical  applications.  Its 
leakage  resistance  is  very  high 
and  its  stability  is  good.  It  is 
also  able  to  withstand  harsh 
environmental  conditions 
reasonably  welL  Paper 
phenolic  is  satisfactory  for 
most  applications,  but  G-10 
glass  epoxy  is  usually  better. 

Circuit  boards  come  with 
many  different  "properties/1 
Thicknesses  range  from  1  /32n 
to  1/4"  and  beyond.  Most 
common  is  1/16".  The 
copperclad  comes  in  1  oz.,  2 
oz,,  and  3  oz.  thicknesses. 
Here,  2  oz.  is  most  favored. 

The  Resist 

The  resist  is  a  chemical 
placed  on  the  board  in  places 
you  want  a  copper  pattern. 
During  etching,  it  resists  the 
acid  and  protects  the  foil 
pattern  beneath  it. 


Resist  is  available  in  many 
forms.  Almost  any  substance 
that  can  withstand  heat  and 
the  etchant  may  be  used,  For 
the  purposes  of  this  article  we 
will  be  using  General 
Cement's  "Etch  Resist  Sen- 
sitizer" (cat.  nos.  22-230  and 
22-233),  This  is  similar  to 
Kodak's  KPR  photo  resist 
and  comes  in  an  aerosol  can. 
KPR  can  be  used  with  the 
same  results. 

The  developer  for  this 
type  of  photo  resist  is  either 
GCs  "Developing  Solution" 
(no.  22-234)  or  Kodak's 
"Photo  Resist  Developer.1' 

The  Etchant 

After  the  board  has  been 
"printed,"  it  must  be  etched* 
Etching  removes  all  unwanted 
copper,  leaving  only  the  foil 
pattern.  Different  types  of 
etchant  include  ferric 
chloride,  ammonium  persul- 
fate,  and  cupric  chloride. 
Ferric  chloride  (FeCl3), 
available  in  both  powdered 
and  liquid  form,  will  be  used 
here.  Radio  Shack  stocks  one 
pint  bottles  of  pre-mixed 
ferric  chloride  (stock  no. 
276-1535). 


Cleaning  the  Board 

Cut  a  piece  of  circuit 
board  slightly  larger  than 
your  finished  board  will  be. 
Before  you  make  the  board, 
you  are  going  to  have  to  clean 
it.  Unless  you  have  commer- 
cial chemical  degreasing  facili- 
ties handy,  you  are  going  to 
have  to  clean  it  by  hand.  I 
have  found  two  out  of  many 
methods  to  be  very  good 
when  it  is  necessary  to  do 
this. 

Washing  a  circuit  board 
with  dishwashing  soap  is  done 
like  this:  Using  warm  water 
and  a  pad  of  Scotch b rite, 
lightly  scrub  the  board  to 
remove  oils,  oxides,  and  other 
unwanted  residues.  Rinse 
with  water.  If  the  board  is 
clean,  the  water  will  not  stick 
to  the  copper.  Be  careful, 
though,  as  water  will  not 
stick  to  an  oily  board  either. 
Unfortunately,  neither  will 
the  resist.  Do  not  dry  the  wet 
board  with  a  towe!  or  cloth. 
Let  it  dry  naturally  to  pre- 
vent any  oils  or  foreign 
matters  from  sticking  to  it* 

The  other  method  is  a 
little  easier.  Use  fine  steel 
wool    and    clean    the   board 


y/^/AY//#^^^ 


PLATE  GLASS 


NEGATIVE 


PC  BOARD 


Fig.  6.  Simple  method  of  exposing  the  sensitized  board. 


with  this.  Be  careful  not  to 
touch  the  clean  areas  of  the 
board  with  your  fingers.  As 
clean  and  dry  as  they  may 
seem,  your  fingers  will 
deposit  oil  onto  the  board. 
This  will  cause  oxidization 
and  prevent  the  resist  from 
adhering  properly. 

Resist  Application 

When  the  board  is  com- 
pletely dry,  it  is  ready  to  be 
sprayed  with  photo  resist 
Lean  the  board  against  a  wall 
with  the  foil  side  facing 
toward  you. 

Shake  up  the  can  of  resist 
to  mix  the  chemicals  well. 
Apply  a  thin  layer  to  the 
board  by  holding  the  can 
about  ten  inches  away  and 
spraying  horizontally  from 
the  bottom  to  the  top  of  the 
board.  Best  results  will  be 
obtained  by  spraying  a  con- 
tinuous spray  without 
removing  pressure  from  the 
nozzle  until  you  are  finished. 

To  sensitize  a  double-sided 
board,  spray  the  first  side  as 
before.  Handling  only  by  the 
edges,  turn  the  board  around 
and  lean  it  with  the  coated 
side  facing  the  wall  Spray  the 
second  side  and  let  the  board 
dry  in  a  vertical  position. 

After  the  board  has  been 
completely  coated  with  an 
even  layer  of  resist,  set  it 
down  so  it  is  lying  flat  It 
normally  takes  at  least  an 
hour  for  resist  to  dry,  but  the 
process   may  be  sped  up  by 


60 


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E.  M.  Wagner  G3BID 
5,  Femcroft  Avenue 
London,  N.W.  3 


Curin 


Mobile  Noise  Miseries 


-  -  particularly  on  80  and  160 


My  car  had  been  away 
for  some  time  for 
repair  after  an  accident.  When 
t  got  it  back,  1  was  not 
surprised  to  find  the  suppres- 
sion was  much  poorer  than  it 
had  been  before, 

I  began  checking  every- 
thing: the  ignition  leads,  the 
distributor  suppression  the 
bonding  of  the  exhaust  pipe, 
etc.,  and  could  find  no  fault. 
Then  a  curious  thing 
happened.  I  had  an  80  meter 
QSO  and  complained  about  a 
whine  which  was  causing  con- 
siderable QRM  all  over  the  80 
meter  band  on  reception.  I 
could  not  understand  this, 
drove  home  and  checked  the 
80  meter  band  for  the  whine 
on  the  fixed  station.  No 
unusual  QRM  was  heard  on 
the  fixed  station  receiver.  I 
had  parked  the  car  under  the 
fixed  station  antenna  and 
went  back  to  the  car  and 
switched  on  the  mobile  rig. 
There  was  the  whine  all  over 
the  80  meter  band  again.  1 
ran  back  to  the  fixed  station. 
Now  I  could  hear  the  whine 
on  the  fixed  station  receiver 
also.  After  listening  for  a 
time,  I  went  to  the  car  and 
switched  off  to  save  the 
battery  and  decided  to  moni- 
tor from  the  fixed  station. 
But,  on  returning  to  the  fixed 
station,  the  whine  was  gone! 


Could  it  be  that  the 
mobile  was  generating  this 
whine  itself  even  on  receive?  I 
switched  it  on  again,  and  the 
whine  appeared  on  both  fixed 
and  mobile  stations. 

After  repeating  this  a  few 
times,  I  was  satisfied  that  the 
mobile  station  was  definitely 
generating  the  whine,  which 
was  picked  up  not  only  by  its 
own  receiver,  but  radiating 
enough  to  be  picked  up  on 
the  fixed  station  if  the  two 
were  close  enough, 

1  was  really  confused ,  as 
the  whine  was  not  a  constant 
note  but  seemed  to  fluctuate 
rhythmically  -  somewhat 
like  a  jammer. 

1  rang  up  a  good  friend  of 
mine,  G8KW  (of  K  W  Elec- 
tronics), who  is  very  knowl- 
edgeable and  has  much 
experience.  He  had  ex- 
perienced this  phenomenon, 
but  only  on  80  and  160 
meters. 

He  suggested  that  the 
whine  came  from  the  tran- 
sistor oscillators  in  the  power 
supply.  But  why  did  it  fluc- 
tuate rhythmically?  He  sug- 
gested ft  was  beating  with 
some  other  oscillator  in  the 
transceiver  which  caused  the 
fluctuation. 

He  suggested  that  either 
the  antenna  was  not  resonant 


at  the  operating  frequency  or 
else  I  had  a  bad  connection 
on  the  outer  braid  of  the 
coaxial  cable. 

I  doubted  whether  it  could 
be  the  non-resonant  antenna, 
as  I  had  most  carefully 
resonated  it  and  had  had 
good  reports  when  I  was 
transmitting  from  the  mobile 
on  80  meters.  It  was  only  on 
receive  that  the  trouble  arose. 

So  I  took  my  oh  trimeter, 
which  is  calibrated  down  to 
1/10  Ohm  and  on  which  I  can 
easily  interpolate  to  1/20 
Ohm,  and  began  testing; 
chassis  of  the  rig  to  rear 
bumper,  0  J  5  Ohm;  chassis  of 
rig  to  engine,  0.15  Ohm; 
chassis  of  rig  to  headlamps, 
0.2  Ohm;  and  so  on.  Nowhere 
was  the  resistance  over  0.25 
Ohms.  Then  I  broke  the  con- 
nection of  the  coax  from  the 
rig  to  the  antenna  base.  The 
center  conductor  showed  a 
resistance  0,1  Ohm.  I  recon- 
nected the  coax  at  the  rig, 
but  left  the  coax  discon- 
nected at  the  antenna  base, 
and  tested  from  the  outer  of 
the  coax  cable  at  the  antenna 
base  end  to  the  chassis  of  the 
rig  —  3  Ohms! 

Note  that  the  beautifully 
low  resistance  of  0.1  5  or  0.2 
Ohms  from  the  chassis  of  the 


rig  to  the  car  was  through  the 
car,  due  to  good  bonding,  and 
that  explained  the  strong 
signal  on  transmission.  It  was 
not  until  1  had  disconnected 
the  coaxial  feed  line  that  I 
found  the  high  resistance. 

I  discussed  this  with  my 
friend  and  we  yvere  at  first 
inclined  to  believe  that  since 
it  was  a  big  car  and  a  fairly 
long  coaxial  feed  line?  this 
might  be  possible.  It  was  hard 
to  believe  that  the  outer  braid 
of  the  coaxial  cable  could 
have  a  higher  resistance  than 
the  inner  conductor. 

So  the  tests  went  on  .  , . 
The  coaxial  cable  was 
broken  at  various  points  to 
insert  an  swr  bridge  near  the 
rig  and  also  to  insert  a  load- 
ing inductance  near  the 
antenna  for  fine  adjustment 
on  80  meters.  These  are 
joined  by  standard  coax  con- 
nectors. 

We  found  slightly  cor- 
roded connectors  here  and 
there  and  reduced  the  resis- 
tance from  3  to  2J5  Ohms, 
But  the  i%  Ohms  resolutely 
remained. 

Then  we  found  one  more 
connector  we  had  over- 
looked. That  really  was  cor- 
roded badly,  and  the  outer 
conductor  was  badly 
corroded  too. 

We  cut  out  the  bad  parts, 
made  up  brand  new  connec- 
tors, and  the  resistance  -  end 
to  end  —  was  0,15  Ohms 
including  all  the  connectors. 
Now  we  tested  again.  The 
suppression  now  was  superb 
—  as  good  as  it  had  ever  been. 
The  whine  on  80  meters  was 
gone. 

One  cannot  overemphasize 
the  vital  importance  of  realty 
low  resistances  everywhere  on 
a  mobile  installation.  For 
suppression  purposes  the  feed 
line,  both  outer  and  inner, 
must  be  really  good  and  very 
low  resistance.  For  a  good 
radiated  signal  the  car  must 
be  really  well  bonded,  and 
this  helps  suppression  also. 

A  really  low  resistance  on 
all  leads  in  the  car  is  vital, 
and  a  means  of  measuring  low 
resistance  -  by  that  I  mean 
down  to  1/10  Ohm  —  is 
essential,  ■ 


64 


DenTron  amateur  radio  products  have  always 
been  strikingly  individual*  This  is  the  result, 
not  of  compulsion  to  be  different,  but  of  a 
dedication  to  excellence  in  American  crafts- 
manship. This  dedication  now  extends  to  one 
of  the  worlds  finest  high  performance  Military 
amateur  amplifiers* 

Luxury  styling,  however,  would  not  be  fully 
appreciated  without  an  exceptional  power 
source.  The  heart  of  the  MLA-2500  is  a  heavy 
duty,  self-contained  power  supply* 

Compare  the  MLA-2500.  It  has  the  lowest 
profile  of  any  high  performance  amplifier  in  the 
world.  It's  modular  construction  makes  it 
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Very  few  things  in  life  are  absolutely  uncom- 
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Radio  Co  .  Inc 


2100  Enterprise  Parkway 
Twinsburg,  Ohio  44087 
(216)425  3173 


Df,  Atenogenes  Blanco  Maiabet  HK1BYM 
Apartedo  Aereo  15-020 
Barranquilla,  Colombia 


More  on  HKITL 


-  -  Colombian  views 


it  has  been  about  a  year  since  the  Mount  Airy  VHF  Radio 
Club  (the  Pack  Rats)  started  planning  for  the  Colombian 
moonbounce  expedition,  HKITL.  I  was  recently  reviewing  all 
of  the  articles  written  about  this  successful  432  MHz  moon- 
bounce  project  in  South  America,  when  it  occurred  to  me  that 
something  was  lacking.  With  all  the  publicity  afforded  this 
project  by  the  radio  press,  and  with  the  technical  and 
descriptive  articles  which  have  been  published }  still  missing  was 
a  description  of  what  this  project  meant  to  our  Colombian 
hosts.  We  Pack  Rats  knew  how  they  felt,  but  it  would  not  be 
proper  for  us  to  tell  their  story.  So,  I  asked  Dr.  Atenogenes 
Bianco  HKIBYM,  the  project's  Colombian  coordinator,  to 
write  of  his  impressions.  The  following  article  is  the  result.  I 
think  that  A  te  has  conveyed  in  his  article  all  the  emotion  that 
exists.  -  Elliott  T  Weisman  K3JJZ. 


My  first  encounter  with 
the  South  American 
moon  bounce  project  oc- 
curred when  I  received  a 
letter  from  Sam  Martinez 
WB3AFY/HK1CWB,  a  fellow 
Colombian  who  now  lives  in 
the  States  at  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land. Sam  informed  me  about 
the  Mount  Airy  VHF  Radio 
Club's  DXpedition  plans  and 
asked  if  I  could  coordinate 
the  Colombian  end  of  the 
project.  I  didn't  know  the 
first  thing  about  moon- 
bounce,  but  here  was  a  re- 
quest from  a  fellow  Colom- 


bian which  hid  the  potential 
of  providing  international 
recognition  for  my  city  and 
country.  I  had  no  doubt  that 
my  answer  would  be  in  the 
affirmative,  since  I  was  told 
that  the  planned  operation 
would  be  the  first  of  its  kind 
on  the  continent  of  South 
America  and  the  request 
came  from  a  fellow  ham  and 
Colombian.  However;  ]  did 
have  doubts  about  the  capa- 
bilities of  the  Mount  Airy 
VHF  Radio  Club  (the  Pack 
Rats)  and  the  probability  of 
success  of  such  an  ambitious 


project.  It  was  sure  to  be  a 
very  difficult  -  if  not  a  crazy 
—  undertaking. 

I  soon  saw  that  my  contri- 
bution would  be  in  trans- 
lating what  the  North  Ameri- 
cans wanted  to  do  into  the 
Colombian  way  of  doing 
things.  Every  country** 
customs  and  governmental 
procedures  are  different,  and 
such  an  unusual  project 
would  no  doubt  create  special 
problems  in  licensingl 
customs,  immigration,  and  so 
forth.  So  I  responded  to  Sam 
that  I  would  do  whatever 
they  asked  of  me  to  the  best 
of  my  ability.  Here  I  was 
discussing  a  difficult  project 
with  a  group  more  than  1000 
miles  away  who  were  either 
very  capable  or  very  crazy.  I 
really  didn't  know,  but  it 
made  no  difference  —  we 
were  going  to  be  a  part  of  the 
project. 

A  special  meeting  of  our 
AREA  2  radio  club  was  held 
by  the  president,  Juan 
Navarro  HK1JJ.  The  word 
"AREA'*  stands  for  Associa- 
tion Radio  Experimentadores 


Afficianados,  and  the  2  for  2 
meters  (the  band  in  which  we 
are  primarily  interested),  Wu 
are  a  group  of  a  dozen  or  so 
hams  from  the  Barranquilla, 
Colombia,  area  who  like  to 
build  and  operate  2  meter 
repeaters  and  mobile  and  base 
stations.  Our  ambition  was  to 
one  day  combine  forces  with 
the  Defensa  Civil  Columbiana 
(you  should  say  Civil 
Defense),  in  order  to  provide 
a  communications  system 
which  could  be  used  in  times 
of  emergency.  The  AREA  2 
radio  club  was  responsive  to 
the  moonbounce  project  and 
volunteered  to  serve  as  the 
sponsoring  organization.  You 
see,  a  DXpedition  to  Colom- 
bia requires  both  local  spon- 
sorship and  participation  in 
order  to  be  licensed  and 
approved  by  the  Ministerio  de 
Com  muni  cac  rones  {Colombia 
FCC), 

The  problem  areas  iden- 
tified for  action  at  that  first 
meeting  included  licensing, 
customs,  transportation  of 
both  people  and  equipment, 
and  the  location  for  the 
moonbounce  station  and 
lodging  for  our  expected 
guests.  The  most  difficult 
problem  would  be  the 
customs  arrangements. 

We  began  our  preparations 
in  February,  1976,  for  the 
August  operation.  I  informed 
Elliott  Weisman  K3JJZ,  the 
Pack  Rat  moonbounce 
project  leader,  of  what  docu- 
ments were  necessary  for  the 
license  and  customs.  They 
wrote  a  beautiful  letter  to  the 
Ministerio,  but  when  I 
checked  with  the  head  office 
in  Bogota,  I  found  that  it  had 
not  been  received  in  the  cor- 
rect department.  So  I  flew  to 
Bogota  to  meet  directly  with 
the  Ministerio  of  Communica- 
tions. Here  I  was  lucky.  The 
counselor  to  the  minister  is  a 
young  lady  lawyer  who 
graduated  from  the  same 
university  at  which  I  studied 
dentistry.  I  showed  her  our 
official  request  and  some 
background  information 
reprinted  from  73  Magazine 
and  the  Philadelphia  Bulletin. 
She  issued  our  special  call 
letters,    HKITL,    for   Tierra- 


66 


Luna  (earth-moon  in 
English),  and  gave  me  an 
official  letter  to  present  to 
the  customs  officials.  Many 
letters  and  documents  were 
necessary  for  customs  in 
order  to  bring  in  such  a  large 
amount  of  complicated  radio 
equipment  without  having  to 
pay  duty*  After  a  mountain 
of  correspondence  with  the 
Colombian  customs,  I  was  at 
last  beginning  to  beiieve  that 
this  problem  was  solved. 

The  site  for  the  expedition 
station  was  selected  to  be  a 
family  beach  house  on  the 
Caribbean  coast  about  18 
miles  from  Barranquilla,  with 
a  horizon-to-horizon  view  of 
the  August  moon.  This  is  in 
an  isolated  area  serviced  by 
an  experimental  power 
station,  I  visited  the  super- 
intendent of  the  station,  a 
relative,  who  assured  me  that 
there  would  be  adequate  elec- 
trical power  and  no  problems. 
I  also  located  some  emer- 
gency generators  for  backup. 
Various  ladders,  poles  and 
other  equipment  were  located 
and  readied. 

Transportation  in  our 
country  is  mostly  by  bus. 
Few  people  own  private  auto- 
mobiles, because  the  cost  of 
even  a  Renault  6  is  about 
10,000  American  dollars.  The 
AREA  2  members  volun- 
teered to  drive  their  cars  for 
our  guests'  transportation.  In 
addition,  I  truck1  contact  with 
the  chief  of  the  Defensa  Civil 
in  our  area  —  which  proved  to 
be  to  our  future  mutual 
benefit.  He  would  provide 
civil  defense  trucks  and  civil 
defense  guards  for  the  expedi- 
tion. 

The  AREA  2  group  was 
hard  at  work  on  our  new  2 
meter  repeater,  which  we 
hoped  to  have  ready  in  time 
for  the  expedition-  We 
needed  some  special  parts  to 
complete  this  project.  Our 
new  friends,  the  Pack  Rats, 
were  able  to  obtain  them 
from  VHF  Engineering  and 
send  them  to  us.  This  new 
repeater  is  located  at  11,000 
feci  above  sea  level  on  a 
shoulder  of  Cristobal  De 
Colon  Mountain  in  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  about  80  miles  from 


Barranquilla.  It  operates 
under  an  AREA  2  club  call- 
sign,  HKl  EE,  on  the  frequen- 
cies 16-76,  It  covers  several 
thousand  square  miles  from 
this  high  location.  We  used 
this  repeater  extensively  for 
liaison  during  the  moorv 
bounce  project. 

A  few  days  before  our 
guests  were  to  arrive,  a  prob- 
lem with  their  airline  tickets 
came  up.  Sam's  XYLt 
Rosalba,  had  arrived  in  ad* 
vance  with  a  check  to  pur- 
chase their  tickets  from  Aero- 
condor  Airlines;  however,  the 
prices  had  gone  up  and  the 
check  was  thus  too  small.  The 
group  was  coming  from  Phila- 
delphia to  Miami  on  Eastern 
Aii lines,  connecting  with  an 
Aerocondor  flight  to  Barrarv 
qui  I  la.  Both  airfares  had 
increased.  Aerocondor  agreed 
to  keep  their  price  as 
originally  quoted  Sheila 
HK1CWD  underwrote  the 
extra  cost  until  the  group 
could  arrive  and  reimburse 
her.  Another  problem  solved. 

Our  Pack  Rat  guests 
arrived  early  on  the  morning 
of  July  26,  1976.  There  were 
9  of  them:  Elliott  K3 J JZ  and 
his  wife,  Lorraine  Bolmar 
WB3AOP/HK1AMW,  Sam 
WB3AFY,  Tony  W3HMU  and 
his  wife  Jan,  Walt  K3BPP,  Bill 
W3HQT,  and  Danny 
WA3NFV  -along  with  1370 
pounds  of  equipment.  Even 
with  all  the  preparations  and 
documents,  it  still  took  us 
two  hours  to  clear  the  equip- 
ment through  customs.  That 
doesn't  seem  too  bad,  how- 
ever,, when  you  consider  that 
it  usually  takes  15  days.  We 
loaded  our  guests  and  their 
equipment  into  several  cars 
and  small  trucks.  The  first 
stop  was  for  several  press  con* 
ferences.  Our  guests  were  pre- 
vented from  wilting  under  the 
hot  Colombian  sun  by  several 
bottles  each  of  our  good  local 
beer.  Finally,  late  in  the  after- 
noon, we  arrived  at  the  beach 
house  OTH. 

I  must  tell  you  of  my 
impressions  of  these  Pack 
Rats.  These  people  should  be 
millionaires  back  in  the 
States,  if  they  work  as  hard  at 
their  occupations  as  they  do 


at  moon  bounce.  It  was  very 
rare  when  they  got  more  than 
three  hours  of  sleep  a  night. 
If  they  weren't  working  radio 
contacts,  they  were  either  re* 
pairing  something  or  making 
preparations  for  the  next 
day's  operation.  They  were 
always  smiling  (except  when 
the  power  went  out)  and, 
even  more  important,  they 
were  always  willing  to  take 
time  to  explain,  to  teach,  or 
to  make  friends. 

The  site  was  not  a  Shan- 
gri-La, but  Rosalba  did  a 
great  job  of  making  it  home 
for  our  visitors.  The  AREA  2 
gang  contributed  daily 
goodies  of  beer,  soda,  rum, 
and  homemade  cakes.  In  ad* 
djtion,  there  is  this  enormous 
ocean  out  front  to  help 
moderate  the  August  heat 
and  also  provide  diversion 
during  power  outages.  These 
power  problems  developed 
because  of  the  strong  after- 
noon breezes  which  kept 
knocking  out  the  electricity. 
The  moonbounce  crew 
located  the  troublespoi.  I  had 
three  generators  which  were 
either  too  small  or  too  poorly 
regulated  to  be  of  value.  The 
Defensa  Civil  finally  came  up 
with  one  which  would  do  the 
job,  but  by  then  the  problem 
was  cured.  However,  now  wc 
knew  where  to  get  one  for 
emergency  radio  operations.  I 
kept  our  friends  calm  by 
telling  them  a  "proverb"  I 
made  up,  "The  disappoint- 
ment of  a  power  failure  is 
best  soothed  by  a  swim  in  the 
ocean."  It  worked. 

We  found  a  combination 
of  English  and  Spanish  and 
"ham"  to  work  very  well. 
The  universal  language  of 
amateur  radio  was  equal  to  all 
occasions.  The  success  of  the 
expedition  has  been  reported 
elsewhere.  In  all,  fifteen 
moonbounce  contacts  were 
made  with  eight  countries 
and  70  QSOs  on  Oscar  7B 
were  made  with  five  coun- 
tries. We  celebrated  at  a 
banquet  hosted  by  the  AREA 
2  radio  club,  where  we 
presented  our  Pack  Rat 
friends  with  a  plaque  com- 
memorating the  first  South 
American    moonbounce   con- 


tacts. We  also  elected  the 
Mount  Airy  VHF  Radio  Club 
a  brother  organization.  After- 
wards, we  found  out  during 
an  all-night  soiree  that  our 
North  American  friends  were 
fully  equal  to  the  challenge  of 
a  Colombian  fiesta. 

The  benefits  of  our  joint 
efforts  have  gone  well  beyond 
the  moonbounce  project.  The 
amateurs  and  the  Defensa 
Civil  have  become  closer,  and 
are  now  working  on  a  system 
of  cooperation  for  times  of 
emergency,  when  we  will  pro- 
vide radio  communications 
through  a  system  of  repeaters 
covering  the  whole  north 
coast  of  Colombia.  With  the 
AREA  2  club,  the  radio  club 
of  Atlantico,  and  the  Carte- 
gena  radio  club,  HKl  BAR 
and  HK1AAH  are  also  work- 
ing on  Oscar  systems.  Maybe 
someday  soon  we  will  QSO 
with  our  friends  via  the  satel- 
lite. 

A  dividend  of  our  project 
came  recently  and  unexpec- 
tedly. A  very  sick  Colombian 
lady  needed  a  medicine  man- 
ufactured by  the  drug  com- 
pany where  K3JJZ  works.  I 
spoke  to  Elliott  via  20 
meters,  and  he  made  arrange- 
ments for  the  drug  to  be 
flown  to  Colombia  in  time  to 
save  this  lady  and  her  unborn 
child.  This  was  made  possible 
by  the  friendship  resulting 
from  the  project. 

Finally,  as  I  wrote  this,  I 
flipped  through  my  file  of 
correspondence,  looked 
through  the  photographs  we 
took,  and  re-read  the  news- 
paper articles  that  were  writ- 
ten. I  felt  again  the  excite- 
ment of  those  golden 
moments  we  shared  together 
and  the  warm  glow  of  the 
friendships  we  made.  The 
only  thing  I  can  say  is, 
"Come  back,  Pack  Rats,  we 
have  a  Mars  bounce  waiting 
for  us!"" 

References 

1.  "Pack  Rat  Moon  Bounce/'  73 
Magazine,  April,  1974. 

2.  'Tierra   Luna  Para  Colombia/' 
QSTf  October,  1976, 

3*  "Colombia    Oscar    7B    Opera* 
tion/r  QST,  November,  1976. 
4.    "DXpedition:    Memories  for  a 
Lifetime/*  73  Magazine  t  Holiday, 
1976. 


67 


EDITORIAL 


by  Wayne  Green  W2NSD/1 


KILOBAUD  VS  73 

One  of  the  tougher  decisions  to  live 
with  was  the  one  whereby  we  would 
not  print  the  same  articles  in  both  73 
and  Kilobaud.  Every  now  and  then  an 
article  comes  in  that  is  a  natural  for 
both  maga  lines  and  I  have  to  decide 
where  it  will  go  . . .  knowing  that  I  am 
really  shortchanging  the  readers  of  the 
other  magazine  when  I  make  the 
decision, 

For  instance,  take  a  beautifully 
detailed  article  on  keyboards  which 
thoroughly  covers  every  kind  of  key- 
board that  you  might  run  into  .  .  .  the 
debouncing  circuits  .  .  .  gating  circuits 
coding  vagaries.  Obviously  the 
computer  nuts  have  to  have  that  data 
.  .  .  and  so  do  you.  It's  going  in 
Kilobaud,  so  it  comes  down  to  this 
either  you  subscribe  to  both  mags 
lines  (a  move  1  endorse),  you  wute  to 
me  and  convince  me  that  some  articles 
should  be  m  both  magazines  .or 
you  (ust  make  do  without  some  of  the 
cream. 

What  do  you  think? 

HOW'S  KILOBAUD  DOING? 

The  response  has  been  most  gratify- 
ing, Apparently  there  was  a  gigantic 
i\ted  for  a  magazine  for  beginning 
computer  people  .  .  .  people  who 
know  as  little  as  I  do  about  them,  I've 
made  sure  that  the  articles  are  simple 
enough  so  mat  I'm  able  to  understand 
them  -  and  this  has  hit  the  jackpot. 

Kilobaud,  like  73,  is  packed  with 
interesting  articles.  I'm  getting  a  lot  of 
the  same  comments  on  jt  that  I  do  on 
73  >.,  particularly  that  while  the 
leaders  do  get  other  magazines,  U  only 
takes  them  a  short  while  to  read  the 
others  and  it  takes  days  to  mad 
Ki/obaud  because  there  is  so  much  of 
interest  m  it. 

The  first  print  run  of  25,000  copies 


JVem?  We  need  input,  and  one  of 
the  best  sources  ?s  the  cfub  news- 
letter. Got  one?  We  reiterate  our 
longstanding  offer  of  a  free 
subscription  to  73  or  Kilobaud  m 
exchange  for  a  spot  on  your  ham 
or  computer  dub  newsletter 
mailing  hsr,  Deal? 


of  the  first  issue  of  Kilobaud  sold  out 
and  we're  printing  up  some  more  to 
try  to  keep  up  with  the  demand.  If  we 
can  keep  up  the  momentum.  Kilobaud 
will  be  the  largest  circulation  maga- 
zine in  the  hobby  computer  field  by 
its  fifth  issue  ...  all  the  result  of  our 
publishing  a  massive  amount  of  fan- 
tastic and  easy- to  understand  articles. 

HAMS  VS  COMPUTERS 
Computer  exhibits  at  hamfests  and 
conventions  continue  to  be  the  most 
mobbed,  as  more  and  more  hams 
discover  that  a  microprocessor  is  just  a 
newfangled  IC  with  which  they  are 
going  to  have  to  get  familiar.  The 
longer  you  put  off  getting  into  this 
fascinating  part  of  modern  electronics, 
the  more  alienated  you  may  find 
yourself.  Try  to  remember,  if  you're 
old  enough,  how  a  sizable  group  of 
hams,  tried  to  ignore  solid  state,  com- 
plete with  GST  as  their  flagship. 

The  fact  that  there  are  about 
50,000  people  into  hobby  computing 
should  be  an  inkling  that  it  is  fun. 
Yqu  don't  gather  up  that  many  fish  in 
a  two  year  period  without  awfully 
attractive  bait. 

One  interesting  part  of  this  is  that 
while  it  doesn't  hurt  to  understand 
how  computers  work  to  play  with 
them,  it  is  by  no  means  mandatory 
You'll  find  that  only  a  small  percen- 
tage of  the  hobbyists  know  as  much 
about  their  systems  as  you  think  they 
do.  This  is  one  of  the  reasons  that 
Kilobaud  has  been  such  a  hit  ,  . .  it 
doesn't  assume  a  lot  of  knowledge  on 
the  part  of  the  reader. 

It's  quite  possible  to  either  buy  an 
assembled  computerette  or  put  to- 
gether a  kit  and  have  a  ball  with  it 
without  ever  knowing  how  the  blamed 
thing  works.  The  "appliance  oper- 
ator" rides  again.  I  tend  to  think  in 
terms  of  "black  box"  users  .  .  .  and  I 
think  that  this  is  going  to  be  the 
direction  of  the  major  growth  in 
m  ic  rocom  p  ut  ers . 

More  and  more  we  will  be  seeing 
interlaces  between  these  computers 
and  ham  gear     .  .  with  television  sets 


,  .  .  with  the  new  video  games  .  .  .  and 
all  we'll  have  to  be  able  to  do  is  load 
programs  and  have  fun.  I  think  most 
of  us  wiil  get  accustomed  to  writing 
our  own  programs  for  special  jobs  we 
want  to  do  .  .  ,  and  get  so  we  can  read 
a  program  in  BASIC  just  as  we  do  a 
schematic  diagram.  Kids  under  ten 
years  old  can  do  it. 

Be  sure  to  get  to  Atlanta  in  June 
(18-19)  and  check  out  the  computer 
exhibits  .  ,  .  there  will  be  a  lot  of 
them.  Those  of  you  who  can  get  to 
Seattle  will  have  a  choice  bunch  of 
computer  exhibits  to  see  also  ,  >  *  last 
weekend  in  iuly.  Til  be  at  both  ...  be 
talking  on  the  programs  .  .  and 
answer  as  many  questions  as  I  can. 

ATLANTA  JUNE  18-19 

This  is  the  biggest  convention  in 
the  country  outside  of  Dayton . .  .  and 
will  be  dragging  'em  in  from  ail  over 
the  South,  Oaz  Cone  lot  Navassa 
Island  fame)  is  the  fearless  leader  on 
this  one  and  he's  rounded  up  some 
nice  prizes  for  those  who  still  think 
there  is  a  free  lunch.  The  biggy  is  a 
KDK-144  synthesized  rig,  a  Larsen 
antenna  and  a  new  car  Co  go  with  the 
combo  ,  .  .  talk  about  thinking  btg* 

Thai's  the  good  part  .  but  then 
nothing  is  ever  perfect,  so  the  fact 
that  I'll  be  speaking  every  now  and 
then  needn't  be  held  against  the 
effort.  If  there  is  any  interest.  Ml  give 
some  details  and  answer  questions  on 
how  to  get  your  own  business  started 
in  your  spare  time  making  ham  gear 
I  how  to  become  rich).  If  everyone  is 
so  used  to  being  poor  ,  ,  or  is  rich 
already  . . .  then  I'll  give  some  in 
spiring  words  on  the  WARC  debacle 

.  a  message  of  cheer  to  ARBL 
fanatics  . .  .  how  to  write  articles  for 
73  and  get  famous  . .  .  or  stuff  like 
that 

ft  is  high  time  to  pencil  in  that 
weekend  for  some  fun  h  .  ,  and  Atlanta 
is  a  ball!  Between  Underground 
Atlanta  i\  wouldn't  miss  it!).  Stone 
Mountain  (ditto),  Aunt  Fanny's 
(wow,  what  food!),  there  is  so  much 
to  do  and  see  around  Atlanta  that  it  is 
worth  the  trip  without  any  con- 
vention. 


The  convention  will  have  some  of 
the  top  speaking  talent  .  .  ,  great 
prizes  ■  .  ■  possibly  more  exhibits  than 
Dayton  . . .  including  the  latest  in 
ham-oriented  computer  stuff  .  ,  .  and 
the  friendliest  bunch  of  hams  you'll 
run  into  anywhere. 

HELP! 

A  glance  at  any  issue  .of  Kilobaud 
will    Indicate  an  amazing  number  of 
companies   providing  microcomputer 
kits,    peripherals,    and   software     The 
KB  laboratory  is  obtaining  as  much  of 
this  hardware  as  possible,  for  evalu- 
ation  purposes   as   well   as   for   pro- 
duction of  software  cassettes  that  you 
will  be  seeing  at  your  favorite  com- 
puter emporium  We  have  reached  the 
point  where  our  computer  specialists 
could  spend  their  entire  day  building, 
testing,  and  debugging  micro  systems. 
Of  course,  this  is  not  the  best  situ- 
ation when  there  is  so  much  else  to 
da,  like  getting  a  chance  to  do  some 
skiing  or  snowmobiling  every  once  in 
awhile.  We  are  looking  for  a  digital 
technician  to   help   with   our   micro- 
processor   overload.    This    individual 
must   be   up   on    digital  construction 
techniques,  and  familiar  with  TTL  and 
CMOS.     Practical     experience     with 
microprocessors  is  a  must  considering 
the  nature  of  the  |ob!  Also,  feel  free 
to  include  in  your  resume  any  experi- 
ence you  may  have  had  in  interfacing 
peripherals,    such    as    floppy    disks, 
terminals,   or  cassettes,  to  a   micro 
processor  system.  The  KB  laboratory 
has  the  scopes  and  test  equipment  you 
will   need  to  get  our  microprocessors 
going,      (Software     knowledge     sure 
would  help,  since  hardware  expertise 
gets    you    exactly    halfway    in    the 
computer    business^    Give    it    some 
thought.     If    you    am    interested    in 
coming  to   New   Hampshire    (no  gas 
shortage  here  I,  let  us  know,  addressing 
the   above    points    as    completely   as 
possible.    Sell    yourself.   We   plan   on 
reading   more   than   one  resume,   so 
please  —  no  hand  written  jobs.  After 
reading  every  sort  of  scrawl  that  gets 
sent  to  KB  for  six  hours,  imagine  what 
sort  of   reception  your  hand  written 
resume  will  receive  at  4  pm.  Please 
mark    your    envelope    with    a    bold 
"RESUME/'  as  our  mail  sorters  also 
put  in  a  full  day's  work  , .  . 


70 


If  You're  Still 
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VOLUME  TWO 

Part  3 

MATH  Si  ENGINEERING 
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-  -  the  ST-6  TU  and  8080  micro 


Louif  L  Mutton  K7YZZ 
122SS  SE  62nd  St. 

Be/ievue  WA  95006 


One  of  the  difficulties 
encountered  when  using 
microcomputers  is  the  prob- 
lem  of  finding  out  exactly. 


a 


72 


The  K7YZZ  computerized  station. 


TO 

PORT  2 

Output 


TO 

LftB 

PDfll    2 
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TO 
ST-fi 

LQOP 
PRINTER 

ClftCUlT 


m7V 
GOHI 


>/,tl*0 


f       « 


All    ERODES 
IK40O3 


■* 


iv 


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LU 


i 


A ft- 


RADiO  ShACK 
273-iiOS  ilWOG! 


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1 

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16V 


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VmOOJ 


/7$,  7,  The  RTTY  interface  unit  schematic  diagram. 


-CZk 


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THAMSMlTTEff 


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»TTY   TU 
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RECORDS* 


F/j,  2  System  block  diagram  illustrating  how  adapter  is  used 

to  interface  the  ST-6  to  computer. 


how  to  use  the  machine  for 
something  other  than  playing 
games  and  doing  simple  math 
problems.  Since  I  built  my 
machine1  with  the  idea  of 
using  it  in  my  ham  shack,  I 
decided  that  after  several 
months  of  playing  and  writ- 
ing games,  I  would  move  it 
from  the  living  room  down  to 
the  ham  shack  and  see  what 
could  be  done  to  get  the 
thing  to  talk  to  my  trans- 
mitter and  listen  to  my 
receiver  on  RTTY  and  CW+ 
This  article  will  describe  my 
efforts  in  connecting  it  to  my 
ST-6  RTTY  TU  and  program- 
ming the  computer  to  act  as  a 
"Model  28  KSR." 

I  ordered  a  copy  of  the 
HAM-]  audio  cassette  pro- 
gram for  the  8080  system 
from  The  Digital  Group  Soft- 
ware Systems2,  and  when  it 
arrived  a  few  days  later,  I 
studied  the  written  material 
that  came  with  the  tape 
recording.  The  HAM-1  cas- 
sette enables  the  operator  to 
program  the  computer  for 
operation  in  two  modes,  one 
as  a  TTY  keyboard  and  video 
terminal  (TTY-TVT),  and  the 
other  as  a  CW  keyboard  with 
message  storage  buffers  and  a 
CW  reader  with  the  characters 
appearing  on  the  video  dis- 
play (CW-TVT). 

In  the  instructions,  I  also 
found  information  on  how  to 
modify  the  HAM-1  program 
to  connect  the  output  of  the 
TTY  data  to  port  2  or  3  input 
and  output  terminals.  L 
modified  the  program  on  my 
machine  to  use  the  least  sig- 
nificant bit  terminal  of  port  2 
and  made  a  new  copy  of  the 
program  using  the  "Cassette 
Write"  function,  I  plan  to  use 
the  port  3  terminals  for  a  CW 
system.  TTY  output  signals 
appearing  at  these  selected 
ports  are  in  a  Baudot  coded, 
serial  bit  stream,  at  TTL  logic 
levels.  That  is,  a  MARK  as 
plus  5  volts  and  a  SPACE  as  0 
volts.  TTY  speeds  may  be 
selected  from  keyboard  com- 
mands for  60,  66,  or  100 
wpm.  Once  the  program  had 
been  modified  as  suggested  in 
the  HAM-1  data  package,  the 
next  step  was  to  determine 


how  to  connect  it  to  my  ST-6 
TU  to  receive  and  send 
RTTY, 


The  completed  RTTY  adapter. 

The     ST  -6/  Microcomputer 
RTTY  Interface  Unit 

The   RTTY  interface  unit 


shown  in  the  schematic  dia- 
gram of  Fig.  1  performs  two 
functions*  The  first  is  to  take 


n 


Interior  view  of  RTTY  adapter. 


73 


A 


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ONEW  D  TERMINALS 

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0  ASSEMBLIES 


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H011  L320  376  240  302  340  011  315  372  000 

076  004  315  242  011  303  135  011 

376  215  302  145  011  026  002  076 

010  315  242  011  025  302  347  011 

076  002  315  242  011  303  135  011 

Fig,  3. 


the  incoming  TTY  signals 
from  the  ST-6  TU  loop  cir- 
cuit and  isolate  them  from 
the  low  voltage  TTL  logic 
circuits  in  the  MCT-2.  The 
TTL  level  Baudot  signal  from 
the  MCT-2  optical  isolator  is 
buffered  and  inverted  in  the 
7400  and  is  sent  to  the  least 
significant  bit  terminal  of 
port  2  input.  This  Baudot 
signal  is  processed  in  the 
microcomputer  and  displayed 
on  the  video  monitor. 

The  second  function  of 
the  RTTY  interface  unit  is  to 
receive  keyboard  generated, 
Baudot  encoded,  TTL  logic 
level  signals  from  the  com- 
puter and  feed  them  to  the  dc 
loop  keyer  transistor  stage  of 
the  RTTY  interface  unit.  The 
keyer  transistor  keys  the  ST-6 
loop  through  the  diode 
bridge.  The  ST-6  converts  the 
loop  signals  to  AFSK  tones 
for  transmission  to  the  radio 
transmitter  audio  input.  No 
loop  dc  supply  is  required  for 
this  unit,  as  it  is  supplied  by 
the  ST-6.  Diode  bridges  are 
used  to  keep  from  having  to 
worry  about  loop  supply  dc 
polarity  damaging  the  circuit 

Operation 

With  the  RTTY  interface 
unit  connected  between  the 
ST-6  and  port  2  of  the  com- 
puter  as  shown  in  the  block 
diagram  of  Fig.  2,  the  modi- 
fied HAM-1  tape  is  loaded 
into  the  computer,  A  RTTY 
signal  (60  speed,  narrow 
shift)  is  tuned  in  on  the  re- 
ceiver and  ST-6  TU.  A  7-1-1 
is  keyed  on  the  computer 
keyboard  to  tell  the  com- 
puter to  set  the  speed  at  60 
wpm,  receive  mode,  in  upper 
case  letters.  The  resulting 
decoded  Baudot  signals 
should  begin  appearing  on  the 
video  monitor  beginning  in 
the  upper  ieft  hand  corner  of 
the  screen. 

To  transmit  the  TTY  sig- 


nal, the  RESET  key  is  de- 
pressed, and  when  the  moni- 
tor program  appears  an 
Instant  later,  the  8  key  is 
depressed.  This  calls  up  the 
computer  in  the  TTY  key- 
board mode.  The  ST-6  TU  is 
switched  to  the  send  mode 
and  the  transmitter  is  keyed. 
Typing  on  the  computer  key- 
board will  now  send  AFSK 
signals  to  the  transmitter. 

Modifications  to  the  HAM-1 
Program 

During  the  testing  of  the 
HAM-1  program,  it  was  deter- 
mined that  there  was  no 
method  of  sending  the  car- 
riage return  (CR)  or  line  feed 
(LF)  functions  that  are 
required  when  you  are  send- 
ing to  a  station  equipped  with 
only  a  mechanical  TTY 
machine.  This  problem  was 
brought  to  the  attention  of 
The  Digital  Group  and  the 
modifications  shown  in  Fig-  3 
were  developed  for  the 
HAM-1  tape  program.  The 
listing  will  provide  two  car- 
riage return  and  one  line  feed 
signal  when  the  RETURN 
key  is  depressed  on  the  key- 
board, 

Conclusions 

For  those  who  have  an 
ST~6  or  similar  type  RTTY 
TU,  this  little  interface  unit 
may  be  used  to  connect  the 
microcomputer  to  the  TU  for 
computer  generated  Baudot 
RTTY  communication.  The 
next  article  will  cover  a  low 
cost  RTTY  TU  that  is  de- 
signed for  direct  connection 
to  the  computer  and  ham 
station  equipment.  ■ 

References 

1('A  Ham's  Computer  — 
CW/RTTY  the  easy  way/'  Louis 
Hutton,  73  Magazine,  December, 
1976. 

Digital  Group  Software  Systems, 
Inc.,  PO  Box  1086,  Arvada  CO 
80001.  HAM-1  Cassette,  $5,00. 


M 


74 


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MPF102 

45 

F-107Z 

2N3458 

1.30 

2N5565 

5.45 

MPF121 

1.50 

2N3821 

1.60 

3M126 

3.00 

MPF4391 

80 

2N3822 

1.50 

MFE2000 

.90 

U1282 

2  50 

2N4351 

2.85 

MFE20Q1 

1.00 

MMF5 

500 

P6377  12v  i 

2N4416 

1,05 

MFE2008 

4.20 

40673 

1.39 

2W4675 

1.75 

MFE2D09 

4.80 

40674 

1.49 

2E26  5.00 

3B28  4.00 

4X150A  15.00 

4X150G  18,00 

4CX250B  24.00 
4CX350A/8321     35.00 

4CX 15000  ST  50 .DO 

0X415  25.00 

572B/T160L  25.00 


an  ess 

81U  995 

931A  11,95 

5849  32.00 

6146A  525 
61468/8298A          625 

6360  7.95 

6907  35.00 

7377  40.00 


7984 

8072 

8156 

8908 

8950 

4-400A 

4-25QA 

4-125A 

4-65A 


4.95 

32.00 

395 

9.95 

5.50 

29.95 
24,95 

20.95 
15,95 


F-21A 
F-18X 
F-93X 
F-92A 
F-91X 
N-51X 
Model  D-2 

C-912-034 


6.3vct  at  10  amps 

6.3vct  at  6  amps 

6  5v  to  40v  at  750  ma. 

6.5v  lo  40v  at   1  amp 

6.5v  to  40v  at  300  ma. 

isolation  115vac  at  35va, 

6,5v  at   3.3  amps 

6.5v  at   3.3  amps 

22vct  at  200  ma. 

llv  aL   250  ma. 

30v  at  15  ma, 

18  vet  at  400  ma. 

6.3vct  at  10  amps 

115   vac  at    10 Ova  Isolation 

12V    @   4A  or  24  V   ©   ZA 


5.77 
3.56 
3.53 
4.59 
2*72 
2.80 
4.95 


1.49 

,49 

1.49 

6.95 
7.80 


amps.  $6.30 

P6378  1 2v  at  8  amps  or  1 2v  at  4 

amps.  $10.31 

P8196  SOvct  at  1 .2  amps  $6.28 


DIODES 


1N270  Germanium   Diodes        57.95/c 

HEP170,  2  5A,  1000  PIV     $4.95/20 

Semtech   SFMS   20K,   20KV,    10   ma, 
fast  recovery  $1.26  ea. 


FANS 

Pamotor  Fans,  Model  4500C  117  VAC,  60  Hz,  19  w 


17  M 


RF  TRANSISTORS 


2N1561  15.00 

2N1562  15.00 

2N1692  15  00 

2N1693  15,00 

2N2631  4.20 

2N2857  1.80 

2N2876  12.35 

2N2880  25.00 

2N2927  7.00 

2N2947  17.25 

2N2948  15.50 

2N2949  3.90 

2M2950  5.00 

2W3287  4  JO 

2N3300  1,05 

2N3302  1.05 

2N3307  10.50 

2N3309  3.90 
2N3375/MM3375      7,00 

2N3553  1.80 

2N3571  4.10 

2N3818  6.00 

2N3824  3,20 

2N3866  1.09 

2N3866  JAN  4,14 


2N3866  JAM  TX       4.85 

2N3925  6.00 

2M3927  11.50 

2N3948  2  00 

2N3950  26.25 

2N3961  6.60 

2N4072  1.70 

2N4073  2.00 

2N4135  2,00 

2N4427  1.24 

2N44^0  20.00 

2N4440  860 

2N4957  6.30 

2W5O70  13.80 

2 N 5090  6.90 

2N5108  3.90 

2N5109  1.55 
2N5177/MRF5177   20.00 

2N5179  .68 
2N51B4 

2N5216  47.50 

2W5583  5.60 

2N5589  4.60 


2M5590  6.30 

2N5591  10.35 

2N5635  4.95 

2N5636  11.95 

2N5637  20,70 

2N5643  20.70 

2IM5641  4.90 

2N5643  20.70 

2N5764  27,00 

2N5841  11.00 
2W5842/MM1607  19.50 
aiU5849/MM1622     19.50 

2N5862  50.00 

2N5942  49.50 

2N5922  10.00 

2N6080  5.45 

2W6081  8.60 

2M6082  11,25 

2N6083  12.95 

2N6084  14,95 

2N6094  5.75 

2N6095  10.35 

2N6096  19,35 

2N6097  28.00 

2N6166  85,00 


RF  TRANSISTORS 


MRF207  2.00 

MRF2Q8  10.20 

MRF209  12.35 

MftF237  1.85 

MRF238  855 

MRF450  16,55 

MRF453  19.55 

MRF504  6.75 

MRF509  5.50 

MRF511  B.60 

MRF620  27.00 

MRF8004  1.90 

HEPS3013/75  2.95 

HEPS3014/76  4.95 

HEPS3002  11.03 

HEPS3003  29.88 

HEPS3005  9,55 

HEPS3O06  19.90 

HEPS3007  24.95 

HEPS3008  2.18 

HEPS3010  11.34 

RCA  TA7994  50.00 

RCA  40290  2.48 

Kertron  K2126  5.50 

Kertron  KB6008  5.50 


Amperex  8LV90  22.50 

Amperex  A209  8.60 

MSC  2001  20,00 

MSC  3000  20.00 

MSC  3001  20.00 

MSC  3005  20.00 

MSC  80205  20.00 

MSC  80206  20.00 

MSC  80255  20.00 

Fairchild  SE7056  3.00 

MM1051  2.00 

MA/F150G  32.20 

MM1550  10.00 

MJVI1601  5.50 

MH11602  7.50 

MM1607/2N5842  8,65 

MM  1614  2.75 

MM1620  17,50 

MM1622/2N5849  19.50 

MM1661  15.00 

MM1669  17.50 

MM1943  3t0D 

MM2605  3.00 

MM2608  5.00 


MWI3002 

MM3009 

M1V13375 

MM3904 

MM3906 

MM4000 

MM4001 

MM4003 

MM4036 

MIVT4044 

MM4545 

MM  800  6 

M  Ml  552 

MM  1553 

HEPS5026 

MSC  80256 

CTC  Dl-28 

CTC  D 10-28 

CTC  El-28 


1.65 

1.80 
7.00 


L 
1. 
1, 
1. 
1. 
1. 
3. 


,50 

.43 

,24 

.39 

85 

,60 

.00 

3,00 

2.15 

50.00 

56.50 

2.48 

20,00 

20.00 

20.00 

20.00 


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PH.  602-9570786 


V      V       « 

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NOC.O.D. 


M8 


75 


nterrupts 
Explained ! 


-  -  getting  a  micro's  attention 


Robert  Ley  land  ZL1TRM 

US  Orakei  Rd, 

Auckland  5,  New  Zealand 


For  most  microprocessor 
owners,  the  subject  of 
interrupts  is  avoided  like  the 
plague.  This  should  not  be  so. 
Interrupts  are  among  some  of 
the  most  useful  options 
available  to  the  micro- 
processor owner. 

The  very  nature  of  Inter- 
rupts (i.e.,  their  unpredict- 
ability) accounts  for  the  fear 
and  mistrust  of  using  them, 
My  Dictionary  of  Electronics 
defines  an  interruption  as: 
"In  microcomputers:  a 
halting  of  the  main  program 
followed  by  the  starting  of  an 
interrupt  subroutine,  or  re- 
turning from  the  subroutine 
to  the  main  program." 

Either    way,    it    does   not 


make  much  sense  until  you 
realize  just  how  useful  an 
interrupt  is. 

An  interrupt  is  virtually  a 
"Hey  you"  followed  by  an  "I 
want  this  done  now  ,  .  ."  The 
loudness  of  the  "Hey  you" 
indicates  its  priority  if  more 
than  one  arrives  at  once. 
When  an  interrupt  occurs, 
you  drop  whatever  you  are 
doing  and  go  to  the  inter- 
rupter to  see  what  he/she/It 
wants,  and  when  this  is  com- 
pleted, you  are  free  to  return 
to  what  you  left 

A  more  useful  analogy 
when  considering  interrupts  is 
the  telephone.  Picture  your- 
self sitting  with  some  friends 
chatting  (main  program) 
when  the  telephone  rings  (an 
interrupt).  You  excuse  your- 
self and  go  to  answer  the 
telephone  (jump  to  the  inter- 
rupt location).  When  you 
pick  up  the  receiver,  the 
telephone  becomes  engaged 
(interrupts  are  disabled),  and 


you  talk  to  the  person  calling 
(execute  the  interrupt  sub- 
routine). When  you  have 
finished^  you  hang  up  the 
receiver  (enable  interrupts) 
and  resume  the  conversation 
with  your  friends  (return 
from  interrupt). 

Priority  and  multiple  inter- 
rupts can  also  be  considered 
in  this  fashion,  such  as  the 
doorbell  ringing  (high 
priority),  the  telephone  (low 
priority,  let  the  XYL  answer 
it),  or  a  call  on  your  ham  gear 
(high  priority  to  you,  but  low 
to  the  XYL).  The  analogy  can 
be  carried  much  further. 

In  the  following  descrip- 
tion, I  have  tried  to  be  as 
general  as  possible,  because 
with  the  wide  variety  of 
chips,    each    with    its    own 

(A) 


REQ  0 

REQ  I  

REQ   2 


REQ  1 


PRIORITY 

INTERRUPT 

LOGtC 

(SUCH  AS 
INTEL  B2i4) 


unique  interrupt  system,  the 
details  are  best  left  up  to  the 
programming  manual  for  that 
particular  chip, 

However,  the  basic  rules  of 
interrupts  are  common  to  all 
systems.  Interrupts  were 
developed  to  handle  a  partic- 
ular type  of  situation.  This 
situation  is  when  an  external 
device,  at  some  unpredictable 
moment,  requires  that  the 
computer  do  something 
immediately. 

When  an  interrupt  occurs, 
the  CPU  (Central  Processing 
Unit)  must  literally  drop 
everything,  but  it  must  re- 
member where  it  was  before 
the  interrupt  occurred.  To  do 
this  in  most  systems,  all  of 
the  contents  of  the  registers 
are  pushed  onto  the  stack  (an 
area  of  memory  or  other 
hardware  storage)  before  the 
CPU  jumps  to  the  interrupt 
location  {the  interrupt  sub- 
routine). Then  the  CPU  will 
perform  the  subroutine  at  the 
interrupt  location.  During 
this  time,  the  CPU  does  not 
want  to  be  interrupted  again 
and,  for  this  reason,  most 
microprocessors  have  a 
Disable  Interrupts  instruction 
(e.g.,  Dl,  hex  F3  on  the 
8080A  and  SE1,  hex  OF  on 
the  M68Q0)  which  allows  the 
CPU  to  ignore  any  "Hey 
you"  no  matter  how  loud, 
while  it  performs  the  current 
interrupt  subroutine. 

Systems  of  interrupts  are 
generally  unique  to  the  chip 
and/or  the  machine's  imple- 
mentation, but  generally 
there  are  three  main  cate- 
gories: 

Single     Line     Interrupts: 


DATA 


INT  REO 


(B) 


DATA 


I    2    3 

DEVICES 


I       ?      3  n 

DEVtCE  INTERRUPTS 


DEVICE    > 

DEVICE   £ 

DEVICE  3 

DEVICE   4 


Fig.  I.  Single  tine  interrupts. 


a  76 


Fig.  2.  MuitNevel  interrupts. 


OATA   &US 


FT 


7^> 


7^7 


0 


VECTOR 

VECTOR 

VECTOR 

DEVICE  3 

DEVICE  2 

DEVICE  1 

i 

1 

i 

p 

if 

o 


PROGRAM 


COUNTER 


CPU 


i«T 


Fig.  3.  Vectored  interrupts. 


Here  the  processor  responds 
to  an  interrupt  on  one  line 
(see  Fig.  1).  For  more  than 
one,  the  devices  are  tied  to  an 
OR  gate  and  the  individual 
devices  must  be  scanned  by 
the  processor  to  find  out 
which  one  generated  the 
interrupt  {also  referred  to  as 
"polling").  Because  of  this, 
single  line  interrupts  are  slow. 

Muiti-le  vet  in  terrupts: 
Here  the  interrupts  could 
occur  on  one  or  several  lines 
going  into  a  priority  deter- 
mination chip  or  logic  (see 
Fig.  2a).  If  the  number  of 
devices  generating  interrupts 
is  greater  than  the  number  of 
lines,  then  some  lines  must  be 
used  as  In  single  line  inter- 
rupts. The  M6800  has  two 
multi-level  interrupts  within 
the  chip,  such  as  in  Fig.  2b, 

Vectored  interrupts:  In 
this  case,  only  one  line  is 
used,  but  the  interrupting 
device  generates  an  instruc- 
tion onto  the  data  bus  which 
causes  the  CPU  to  jump 
("vector")  to  a  predeter- 
mined subroutine.  The  device 
priority  must  be  resolved  in 
hardware  external  to  the  CPU 
(the  8080A  has  a  limited 
form  of  vectored  interrupts). 
Fig.  3  rs  a  block  diagram  of  a 
vectored  interrupt  con- 
figuration. 

On  return  from  an  inter- 
rupt, the  CPU  must  be  re- 
turned to  the  state  it  was  in 
before  the  interrupt  occurred. 
This  is  often  done  by  a 
specific  instruction,  Return 
from  Interrupt  (RTI,  hex  3B 
on  the  M68Q0).  This  brings 
the  contents  of  the  registers 
(especially  the  Program 
Counter)  back  from  the 
stack,  so  that  return  to  the 
main  program  can  be 
accomplished. 

With  a  microprocessor, 
control  fines  other  than  the 


interrupt  lines  may  be  used  as 
specific  purpose  interrupts, 
and  in  most  systems  they  are. 
The  control  bus  lines,  HOLD 
and  WAIT  (or  their  equiv- 
alents), are  normally  used  for 
slowing  down  or  synchro- 
nizing the  CPU  to  slow 
memories.  They  can  also  be 
used  as  Halts  for  DMA 
(Direct  Memory  Addressing) 
applications. 

The  RESET  line  is  a  major 
interrupt  line  which  returns 
the  processor  to  some  initial 
state  to  halt  the  execution  of 
a  program.  This  line  could  be 
set  by  hardware  devices  any 
time  a  major  catastrophe 
occurs  (such  as  a  tape  drive 
failure). 

Such  control  lines  are 
normally  used  to  provide 
versatility  for  the  micro- 
processor in  different 
machine  implementations  of 
the  chip  and  to  allow  it  to  be 
used  with  a  wide  variety  of 
devices,  e.g.,  in  parallel  pro- 
cessing, where  several  pro- 
cessors are  using  the  same 
memory  (Fig.  4)  and  switch 
each  other  off  or  on  along  the 
HOLD/WAIT  lines.  Although 
these  lines  were  designed  for 
interface  with  slow  memories, 
they  are  particularly  well 
suited  to  allow  parallel  pro- 
cessing and  other  DMA 
applications. 

An  example  of  the  use  of 
DMA  would  be  for  slow  to 
fast  scan  conversions  using  a 
microprocessor.  The  SSTV 
analog  could  be  digitized 
(analog  to  digital  conversion) 
and  stored,  and  the  wideband 
ATV  scanned  off  the  same 
memories  by  DMA  for  dis- 
play on  a  normal  TV  set. 
Think  of  the  graphics  facil- 
ities this  would  allow  for 
both  SSTV  and  ATV! 

Similar  examples  of  the 
use  of  interrupts  can  be  con- 


Oi 
02 


CPU 

NO  I 


INT    REO 

WAIT 


ADDRESS 


n 


CLOCK 


CONTROL 


ci 
02 


CPU 
NO.  2 


IHT  REC 

WAIT 


DATA 


DATA 


~U 


n 


i 


DATA    BUFFER 


MTT 


M EMORY 


IT- 

ADDR 


ESS 


ADDRESS 


Fig.  4.  Parallel  processing. 


side  red  by  multi-user  com- 
puters, An  example  would  be 
to  put  the  microprocessor  up 
near  the  local  repeater  and 
have  it  accessible  to  amateurs 
with  RTTY  gear,  [n  this  case* 
the  use  of  interrupts  would 
be  essential  (for  timing  users, 
I/O  transmission  control, 
etc, j r 

Closer  to  home,  interrupts 
allow  the  user  to  have  input 
and  output  to  several  devices 
occurring  simultaneously   (or 


almost)  and  not  wasting  time 
while  doing  this.  As  in  most 
computers,  the  actual  pro- 
cessing time  is  very  short  in 
comparison  to  the  input/ 
output  time;  this  means  the 
more  time  taken  for  input/ 
output  during  the  processing, 
the  less  efficient  your  pro- 
gramming will  be  (which  may 
not  be  a  major  consideration 
with  home  systems  today, 
but  will  be  in  the  years  to 
come).  ■ 


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-  -  it  works ! 


What?  A  Morse  code 
reader?  And  it  hasn't 
been  four  months  since 
Wayne  Green  frothed  all  over 
his  73  editorial  page  because 
another  computer  mag,  in 
covering  computerized  Morse 
code,  suggested  that  1000 
wpm  Morse  QSOs  were  possi- 
ble, and  apparently  not  un- 
lawful. At  the  moment,  any- 
way. 

OK,  so  I  agree  with 
Wayne,  at  least  partially.  For 
one  thing,  I  would  probably 
pay  an  admission  fee  just  to 
watch  two  hams  wax  ex- 
temporaneous  at   1000  per. 


For  another,  if  high  speed 
data  transmission  is  needed, 
Morse  and  on-off  CW  is 
definitely  not  the  best  modu- 
lation scheme. 

That  brings  us  to  this 
particular  Morse  reader.  It  is 
not  designed  for  high  speed, 
but  instead  for  5-20  wpm.  Its 
main  purpose  is  to  take  a 
subject  that  a  ham  has  some 
familiarity  with  ( Morse},  and 
demonstrate  what  happens  as 
it  is  processed,  decoded,  and 
displayed  by  thai  enigmatic 
box  (an  SWTP  6800  com- 
puter) said  ham  got  for 
Christmas.  If,  in  the  process, 


INITIAL  CONDITION 
ON  LOCATION  OH9 


+  ooo  o 


itfiFTLEfT  l  PLACE  BEtAU«  *Dihf  HEC'JJ- 


MORSE  CODE 

FOR  THE 

CHARACTER 

*B*  ■ 


■*  O  O  O  0 


SHIFT   LCFTftHpAOQ  ONE   pFCAVliE  'PIT' PEC  D 


*    0  O  O  0 


SmFT  Iff  AN&  A&D0*iE 


fjHH  Tin         .   II     HDD  OHE 


■*    0  0  0  0 
—    D  Q  O    I 


O  O  Q  1 
O  O  I  0 
0    10    1 

10    1) 
0   I    I    I 


n 


DAH      DfT      DIT      DIT 


FrfNAL    RESULT 
IN  LOCATION 
OHO 


Loc, 

0000 

0001 

0002 

0003 

0004 

0005 

0006 

0007 

0008 

0009 

000A 

000  B 

0OOC 

GOOD 

000  E 

000  F 

0012 
0013 
0014 
0015 
00r6 
0017 
0018 
0019 

001  B 

001 D 
001  E 

001  F 
0020 
0021 

0023 

0027 

0029 

002D 

002  E 
0O2F 
0030 

0035 

0037 
0038 

003  C 

003E 
003  F 

004C 

006A 

0073 

007  A 

OOFF 


Data 

20 

H20 

54 

45 
4D 

4E 

41 

49 

4F 

47 

4B 

44 

67 

52 

55 

53 

•  •  * 

51 

5A 

59 

43 

58 

42 

4A 

50 

#  •  * 

4C 

#  •  • 

46 

56 
48 
30 

39 

#  •  • 

38 

#  *  • 

37 

#  *  « 

21 
«  •  * 

2F 

2D 

36 

31 
» *  • 

25 

•  •  • 

30 

32 

*  *  • 

33 

•  •  * 

34 

35 
»  •  « 

2C 

*  *  4 

2E 

*  ** 

3F 

*  *  ** 

BO 

*  *  • 

23 


Remarks 

Long  mark  fix 
H  20=  Space 
H  54- T 
H45=    E 
H4D=  M 
H4E=  N 
H41  =   A 
H49-   I 
H4F=  0 
H47=   G 
H4B=   K 
H44=   D 
H57=  W 
H  52=   R 
H  55=   U 
H  53=  S 

H51=  Q 
H5A=  Z 

H59=  Y 
H43=  C 
H58=  X 
H42=  B 
H4A=  J 
H50=   P 

H40  L 


H46= 
H  56- 

H48= 
H30= 

N39- 


F 
V 

M 

0  (Zero) 
9 


H38=  8 
H37=  7 

M'21*  I  (KN) 

H  2F=  /  (Slant  sign) 
H2D=  -|BT) 
H36=   6 
H-.3I*  1 

H25=  %(AR) 

H3D=  =  (AS) 
H32=   2 

H33=  3 

H34=  4 

H35=  5 

H  2C=  t  (Comma} 
H2E=  .  (Period} 
H  3F=  ?  (Question  mark) 
H  53=  ]   (SK) 

H  23=#(Error) 


Fig.  L  Example  of  address  generation  for  decoding  table. 
An  so 


Fig.  2.  Decoding  table. 


said  ham  discovers  that 
machine  language  pro- 
gramming agrees  with  him, 
and  he  then  goes  on  to 
improve  and  modify  this 
program  until  it  is  really 
good,  I  shall  be  happy. 

My  system  consists  of  an 
SWTP  6800  with  8K  of 
memory  (I  plan  on  a  mini* 
mum  of  16K),  CT1Q24  TVT 
interface,  a  surplus  full  ASCII 
encoded  keyboard  which  has 
a  lower  case  lockout  key,  an 
AC-30  cassette  interface,  a 
12"  Zenith  black  and  white 
TV  converted  to  a  monitor, 
and  one  extra  general  purpose 
parallel  interface  board, 
which  is  plugged  into  location 
8000. 

This  is  the  first  pro- 
gramming I  have  ever  tried,  so 
go  easy  on  the  criticism;  you 
are  definitely  not  shooting  at 
big  game. 

I  will  attempt  to  answer 
any  questions  that  my  limited 
technical  expertise  will  allow, 
and  welcome  anyone  to  drop 
in  for  a  gab  session  if  you 
happen  by  my  QTH. 

The  Program 

This  program  will  run  in  as 
little  as  2K  of  memory,  but 
you  do  need  the  extra  parallel 
interface  card.  Wire  the  input 
plug  so  that  1-1  through  1-7 
are  grounded  and  your  hand 
key  (or  any  make-break 
keyer)  connects  between  [-0 
and  gnd. 

With  the  key  open,  the 
input  line  (1-0)  floats  high 
like  any  TTL  input  This 
means  the  program  expects  a 
logic  0  as  evidence  of  activity. 

The  program  does  a  pretty 
good  job  of  reading  my  hand 
key  (very  sloppy)  or  my 
home  brew  "accu-keyer"1 
which  is  reed  relay  output.  It 
will  compensate  for  speed 
changes  from  less  than  5  wpm 
to  more  than  20  wpm.  But, 
here  resides  one  bug  for  you 
to  work  on*  It  will  not  swal- 
low that  much  of  a  speed 
change  in  one  gulp.  It  must 
have  a  couple  of  letters  input 


Fig,  3,  Morse  code  receive  program  listing. 


0105 

00 

COUNTER 

0106 

12 

AV  DOT 

0107 

28 

FIXED  DELAY 

0103 

B6 

0106 

LDA-A 

010B 

F6 

0107 

LDA-B 

010E 

5A 

DECS 

010F 

26 

FD 

BNE 

0111 

4A 

DEC  A 

0112 

26 

F7 

BNE 

0114 

7C 

0105 

INC  COUNTER 

01 1 7 

39 

RTS RETURN 

0118 

00 

{Mot  used  for  anything  now.) 

0119 

00 

RMB  TEMP  CHAR  STORAGE 

011 A 

36 

04 

LDA-A 

Initialize  Interface 

01 1C 

B7 

8003 

STA-A  - 

01  IF 

86 

01 

LDA-A 

Initialize  TEMP  CHAR  STC 

0121 

B7 

0119 

STA-A   j 

0124 

7F 

0105 

CLR 

COUNTER 

0127 

B6 

8002 

LDA-A 

Get  input 

01 2  A 

81 

00 

CMP-A 

Still  high? 

01 2C 

26 

F9 

BNE 

Back  to  01  27  if  no  input 

01 2E 

BD 

0108 

JoH 

To  TIMER 

0131 

B6 

0105 

LDA-A 

Have  mark  count 

0134 

81 

30 

CMP-A 

Check  for  long  mark 

0136 

25 

0D 

BCS 

If  not,  go  to  0145 

0138 

B6 

0000 

LDA-A 

Get  fix 

013B 

B7 

0105 

STA-A 

Put  in  COUNTER 

013E 

B6 

8002 

LDA-A 

Check  input 

0141 

27 

F8 

BEQ 

Recycle  if  still  active 

0143 

20 

25 

BRA 

Call  it  a  dash 

0145 

B6 

8002 

LDA-A 

Check  input 

0148 

27 

E4 

BEQ 

Back  to  01 2 E  while  active 

01 4  A 

B6 

0105 

LDA-A 

New  count 

014D 

44 

LSR-A 

Div  new  count  by  two 

014E 

B1 

0106 

CMP^A 

To  AV  DOT 

0151 

24 

17 

BCC 

To  ENTER  DASH  at  01 6A 

1    QST,     August,      1973,     J,  M. 
Garrett  WB4VVF. 


at  rn  id -range  to  bring  AV 
DOT  (average  dot)  closer  to 
agreement  with  what  is 
actually  coming  in. 

How  does  it  distinguish 
between  a  dot  or  dash?  The 
decoder  is  based  almost 
entirely  on  dot  length.  Why? 
Did  you  ever  hear  an  ancient 
brasspounder  on  a  vibro-plex? 
A  ,(VJ5  usually  comes  out 
sounding  like  a  spooked  deer 
crossing  a  narrow  meadow: 
three  staccato  dits  and  a  dah 
that  floats  for  an  impossible 
time.  So,  if  a  single  dah  lasts 
for  half  a  day,  the  decoder 
will  simply  call  it  a  "T"  and 
make  an  adjustment  to 
COUNTER,  assuming  that 
the  next  dit  will  be  of  propor- 
tionate length. 

If  the  incoming  mark  is 
any  number  less  than  twice 
the  AV  DOT,  it  is  called  a 
dot,  added  to  AV  DOT, 
divided  by  two,  and  inserted 
back  in  AV  DOT  as  a  new 
average.  This  is  the  way  it 
makes     speed     adjustments. 


Immediately  following  a 
mark,  it  must  decide  if  the 
ensuing  silence  is  an  element 
space,  a  character  space,  or  a 
word  space.  We  do  this  by 
cycling  through  TIMER, 
incrementing  COUNTER 
each  time,  comparing 
COUNTER  to  AV  DOT  each 
time,  and  checking  for  more 
input  each  time.  If  new  input 
occurs  before  two  AV  DOTs, 
it  is  called  an  element  space, 
and  goes  back  to  process  the 
new  input  for  insertion  in 
TEMP  CHAR  STORAGE 
with  the  last  insertion. 

If  COUNTER  gets  as  high 
as  two  AV  DOTs,  it  is  a 
character  space,  and  falls 
through  to  the  output  sub- 
routine, prints  the  character, 
then  reenters  the  space  rou- 
tine to  determine  if  a  word 
space  is  necessary.  If  it  again 
reaches  two  AV  DOTs  with- 
out interruption,  it  again  falls 
through  to  the  print  com- 
mand, but  this  time  a  re- 
initialized    TEMP     CHAR 


STORAGE  contains  only  a 
binary  0000  0001,  which, 
when  translated  to  an  LDA-A 
direct  from  location  hex 
0001,  loads  A  with  hex  20 
(stored  there).  Hex  20  is  an 
ASCII  space,  and  that's  what 
is  printed.  At  this  point, 
having  been  through  the 
space  decode  more  than  once 
without  interruption,  the 
program  jumps  back  to  the 
beginning,  and  waits  for  more 
input. 

Now,  how  [s  decoding  and 
storing  accomplished?  There 
have  been  several  different 
methods  published.  Most 
involve  dual  input  registers, 
complementing,  adding,  and 
so  on.  Being  somewhat  simple 
to  start  with>  I  prefer  a  simple 
method.  And,  if  you  can  call 
a  dit  a  logic  1,  and  a  dah  a 
logic  0,  what  could  be  sim- 
pler? 

Only  one  slight  hitch: 
How  do  you  distinguish 
between  an  S,  M,  T,  and 
zero?  These  would  all  give  an 

8,T 


0153 

48 

ASL-A 

Restore 

0154 

F6 

0106 

LDA-B 

Get  oid  count 

0157 

C4 

7F 

AIND-B 

Restrict  to  7  bits 

0159 

IB 

ABA 

Add  accumulators 

01 5  A 

BD 

01A2 

JSR 

See  count  doesn't  get  too  short 

0150 

78 

0119 

ASL 

Prepare  to  enter  dot 

0160 

86 

01 

LDA-A 

0162 

BB 

0119 

ADD 

0119  to  A 

0165 

B7 

0119 

STA  A 

ENTER  DOT 

0168 

20 

03 

BRA 

To  space  decode 

01 6  A 

78 

0119 

ASL 

ENTER  DASH 

01 6  D 

7F 

0105 

CLR 

Clear  counter 

0170 

BD 

0V08 

JSR 

To  timer 

0173 

B6 

S002 

LDA-A 

Check  inpui 

0176 

27 

37 

BEQ 

If  active,  was  element  space,  go  to  01 AF 

0178 

B6 

0106 

LDA-A 

Get  AV  DOT 

01  7B 

48 

ASL- A 

Mult  by  two 

01  7C 

B1 

0105 

CMP-A 

Compare  to  counter 

017F 

22 

EF 

BHI 

If  less  than  2  AV  DOTS,  go  to  0170 

0181 

F6 

0119 

LDA-8 

Get  temp  char  storage 

0184 

F7 

0188 

STA-B 

Store  in  OFFSET  (0188) 

0187 

96 

00 

LDA-A 

Direct  from  lac  specified 

0189 

BD 

E1D1 

JoH 

Now  print  it! 

018C 

86 

01 

LDA  A 

Prepare  to  print  a  space 

018E 

B7 

0119 

ST  A- A 

Store  in  temp  char  storage 

0191 

7C 

01 A1 

I  IMC 

Increment  space  storage 

0194 

B6 

01A1 

LDA-A 

Get  space  storage 

0197 

81 

01 

CMP-A 

0199 

23 

D2 

BLS 

If  same  or  less,  go  to  01 6D 

019B 

7F 

01  Al 

CLR 

OK,  clear  it  now 

019£ 

7E 

011F 

JMP 

Go  wait  for  new  input 

01 A1 

00 

44 

RMB 

SPACE  STORAGE 

01 A2 

LSR-A 

Div  by  two  (from  01 5 A) 

0tA3 

81 

08 

CMP-A 

01 A5 

23 

04 

BLS 

If  same  or  less,  go  to  01 A B 

01 A7 

B7 

0106 

STA-A 

Store  new  av  dot 

01 A  A 

39 

RTS 

Return 

01AB 

86 

14 

LDA-A 

01AD 

20 

F8 

BRA 

Back  to01A7 

•  •  • 

• «  •*••**##****** •*.*.«*  +  +  * * 

01 A  F 

7F 

01 A 1 

CLR 

Clear  space  storage  (from  0176} 

01 B2 

7E 

0124 

JMP 

To  0124:  it  was  element  soace 

identically  empty  register.  Or 
worse,  how  about  N  and  E? 
Both  would  give  a  binary 
0000  0001.  There  would  be 
other  similar  mix-ups,  and 
changing  to  calling  a  dit  G, 
and  a  dah  1,  is  the  same 
situation  viewed  from  the 
backside,  OK,  it  looks  like  we 
need  a  "place  marker/' 
Bingo!  That's  it.  All  we  have 
to  do  is  pick  a  place  for 
temporary  storage  (well  use 
memory  location  hex  0119), 
and  initialize  the  data  there 
to  binary  0000  0001.  Now, 
when  we  have  a  dah  to  store, 
we  instruct  hex  location  01 19 
to  "arithmetic  shift  left" 
(ASL).  This  moves  everything 
left  one  bit,  and  puis  a  zero 
in  the  least  significant  bit 
(0000  001 0).  When  we  have  a 
dit  to  store,  its  just  a  bit 
more  complicated;  We  shift 
location  0119  left  (ASL 
0119);  then  we  store  a  1  in 
the  A  accumulator.  We  then 
add  HQ119  to  the  A  accumu- 
lator  and   then   store   the  A 


accumulator  in  location 
0119.  In  this  case,  with  a 
single  dit  and  nothing  else 
entered,  0119  would  contain 
0000  0011.  After  keying  in  a 
properly  spaced  Bp  the  data  in 
0119  would  be  0001  0111 
(see  Fig.  1 ). 

Now  that  we  have  num- 
bers we  can  work  with,  how 
do  we  get  them  on  the 
screen? 

With  the  SWTP  6800,  you 
can  use  the  existing  MIKBUG 
output  routine  located  at  hex 
E1D1,  The  literature  says 
that  to  use  this  routine,  the 
ASCII  equivalent  of  the  char- 
acter to  be  printed  must  be  in 
the  A  accumulator  when  the 
routine  is  entered.  All  we 
need  do  is  convert  our  binary 
gibberish  to  ASCII  and  store 
it  in  the  A  accumulator,  then 
execute  a  BD  E1D1.  The 
ASCII  conversion  works  like 
this:  We  need  another  tempo- 
rary storage  register  to  put  a 
completed  binary  character 
in.  We'll  use  hex  0188.  Nowr 


remember  that  B  (0001  0111 
in  binary)?  Since  the  com- 
puter uses  hexadecimal  nota- 
tion, let's  see  what  it  is  in 
hex: 

0001  0111  =  B  in  binary 


1 


7     -  hex 


jm 


We  tell  the  computer  to 
load  the  information  found  in 
hex  0119  into  the  B  accumu- 
lator Then  we  store  the  B 
accumulator  contents  in  hex 
0188.  At  this  point,  we  have 
a  hex  17  in  location  hex  0188 
(still  dah  di-di-dit).  Next,  we 
use  base  page  addressing  and 
say:  (refer  to  the  program 
listing,  0187  &  0188)96  17. 
This  is  an  instruction  which 
says  load  the  A  accumulator 
with  the  information  to  be 
found  in  hex  0017.  In  this 
mode  of  addressing,  we  can 
specify  hex  locations  0000 
through  00  FF.  You  guessed 
it,  that's  where  the  decoding 
table  is  stored  (see  Fig.  2).  At 


location  001 7,  the  stored 
information  is  hex  42,  which 
is  an  ASCII  B. 

At  hex  location  0001,  we 
have  stored  hex  20,  which  is 
ASCII  SPACE,  so  when  the 
program  prints  a  character, 
then  makes  two  more  TIMER 
runs  through  space  decode 
without  interruption,  it  prints 
the  information  pointed  to 
by  location  0119  (which  is 
01).  Then  it  goes  back  to  watt 
for  more  input. 

You  will  note  that  blanks 
occur  in  the  decoding  table. 
These  are  unassigned  in  the 
Morse  code,  Morse  was  evi- 
dently not  assembled  from  a 
logical  base.  I  would  not 
recommend  assigning  and 
using  these  blanks  over  the 
air.  The  FCC  might  take  a 
dim  view  of  that. 

However,  I  do  urge  you  to 
try  to  follow  the  program 
through  a  cycle  (Fig,  3  is  a 
full  listing  of  the  program). 
Armed  with  that  much  famil- 
iarity, I'll  bet  you  can  make 
changes  that  will  improve  it. 

Conclusion 

After  you  load  the  pro- 
gram, set  location  A048  to 
01,  location  A049  to  1A, 
then  G,  To  play  with  the 
decoding  speed,  go  back  to 
MIKBUG  and  change  the 
values  located  at  0000,  0106, 
0107,  01 A4,  01  AC,  and 
0135,  The  numbers  located 
there  now  are  not  a  result  of 
calculations;  they  were  just 
selected  as  something  that 
seems  to  work. 

As  a  suggestion,  perhaps 
two  dit  lengths  is  a  bit  long 
for  an  element  space,  as 
Morse  is  actually  sent.  How 
about  one  and  a  half,  and 
keep  two  for  a  character 
space? 

1  have  tried  the  NE567 
tone  decoders  for  input  from 
my  transceiver  and  haven't 
had  much  luck*  The  567 
takes  a  few  input  cycles  to 
lock  on,  and  if  the  copy  is 
not  crisp,  or  there  is  QRM,  it 
will  often  not  drop  out  at  all. 

Good  luck,  and  may  you 
become  more  proficient  with 
machine  language  program- 
ming by  trying  to  understand 
this.  ■ 


82 


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I 


The  Super  Clock 


--  what'll  they  think  of  next? 


? 


Geoffry  W,  Kufchak  WAWFE 

I 5  Fourth  Ave. 

Westover  AFB   MA   01022 


Here  is  a  really  unique 
digital  clock.  Using  the 
Cal-Tex  CT7001  MOS/LS1 
integrated  circuit  gives  you  a 
12  or  24  hour  clock,  four 
year  calendar,  24  hour  alarm, 
9    hour    59    minute    timer, 


50/60  Hz  operation,  failsafe 
battery  operation!  and  will 
drive  either  common  cathode 
or  common  anode  seven  seg- 
ment LEDs.  The  basic  circuit 
is  built  on  a  PC  board  only 
3,3"  by   5"  and  will   fit  in 


vss 


12  HOUR  MODE 
QNLV 


Q  14 


130  VAC 


SEGMENT -COMMON 
ANODE   LED 


£200 

SEGMENT  -COMMON 
CAThObE  LED 


LED  COMMON 


MOMENTARY   CONTACT  U  Q 
FMMT  PANEL   MOUNT 


♦  LEO  COMMON 
CATHODE 


Fig.  L  Select  appropriate  switching  for  LED  display  being  used.  See  Fig.  4. 


Radio  Shack's  wood  grain 
utility  cabinet.  By  using  a 
larger  enclosure,  a  back-up 
battery  pack  may  be  added, 
along  with  a  relay  to  operate 
external  loads  with  the  timer. 
Construction  cost  should  be 
around  forty  dollars  with 
careful  shopping. 

The  schematic  shown  in 
Fig.  1  is  adapted  from  both 
the  Cal-Tex  and  Radio  Shack 
data  sheets,  plus  my  own 
ideas  from  past  (unsuccessful) 
experience.  The  alarm  circuit 
shown,  OH,  15,  and  16,  is 
quite  annoying  in  the  early 
hours  of  the  morning,  (Any- 
one want  to  beat  my  record 
of  5  seconds  hitting  the 
snooze  from  across  the 
room?)  I'm  using  an  earphone 

element  from  an  old  tele- 
phone  for   the   speaker,  and 

it's   loud.   The   display   drive 

circuit  can    be   programmed 

with  jumpers  for  either  type 

of  LED.  Fig.  2  is  the  board 

layout     for     multiplexed 

common  anode,  and  Fig,  3  is 

for  common  cathode. 

The     power     supply     is 

simple    and    straight  forward. 

However,  use   a   heavy  duty 


86 


Fig.  2.  PC  hoard  and  parts  layout  for  common  anode  LED  display.  Board  is  multiplexed  for 
Monsanto  LEDs:  MAN  I,  JAf  MAN  5,  7f  8,  MAN  51,  52,  71,  72,  81 \  82.  Cut  pin  6  on  LED 

(decimal  point)  as  it  Is  not  used.  Board  is  L5**x  5'\ 


COMMON  ANODE  DISPLAY 

JUMPER  W  X 
JUMPER  Y-2 
NO  JUMPERS   R-S.TU 


cOE 


TOP  VIEW 
01-07 


B 


C  E      B 

BEND  LEADS 
AS  SHOWN 


TOP  view 

08-0^3 


nicad  battery  pack,  as  the 
displays  are  wired  to  be  on  alJ 
the  time.  Ac  is  sampled  from 
one  side  of  the  secondary  of 
the  transformer  through  a 
resistor  and  diode  to  drive  the 
chip  timers  and  counters*  The 
power  supply  also  supplies 
current  for  the  timer  relay. 
Use  a  low  current  12  volt 
relay  with  contacts  rated  at 
at  least  3  Amps  for  driving 
external  loads. 

The  am  and  pm  indicators 
will  only  operate  in  the  12 
hour  mode.  They  may  be 
omitted  if  you  wire  for  a  24 
hour  clock. 

Fig.  4  is  the  parts  layout 
for  the  main  board.  Please 
note  that  an  insulated  washer 
must  be  used  at  the  mounting 
hole  next  to  Q13  if  you  use 
common  anode  displays.  It  is 
not  needed  for  common 
cathode. 

Fig-  5  is  a  full  size  negative 
layout  for  the  main  board. 
Single-sided  G-10  is  best,  but 
bakelite  may  be  used. 

Be  very  careful  with  the  IC 
as  it  can  be  damaged  by  static 
discharges.  Once  in  the  circuit 


jumpers 


SEGMENTS 


DIGITS 


it  is  relatively  safe,  but  can 
still  be  destroyed  by  excessive 
charges  (I  found  out  the  hard 
way). 

Fig.  6  is  the  front  and 
back  panel  layout  for  the 
clock  and  should  be  followed 
if  the  same  cabinet  is  used; 
otherwise    things    just   don't 


fit.  The  only  one  that's  not 
critical  is  the  size  of  the  front 
pane)  cutout  for  the  display. 
It  may  be  slightly  smaller  or 
larger. 

Setting  the  Clock 

First,  before  installing  the 
IC,  check  for  approximately 


15  volts  at  pins  1  and  22.  If 
you  don't  get  15  volts,  look 
for  a  bad  diode  in  the  power 
supply.  Disconnect  the  line 
cord  and  carefully  plug  the  IC 
in  the  socket.  Set  the 
switches  on  the  back  as 
follows:  Function-Run,  Time 
Set-Off,     Timer     Enable-Off, 


COMMON 

CATHODE 

DISPLAY 

JUMPER    x 

■Y 

JUMPER  R 

-S.T-U 

E  JOsC 

TOP  VIEW 

#u       **l 

oi -or 

Vo/ 

INSERT 

a 

WITHOUT 

BENDING 

LEADS 

V^E 

top  view 

w 

08-013 

c 

SEGMENTS  COMPONENT   SIDE  COMMON  CATHODE 

Fig.  3.  PC  board  and  parts  layout  for  common  cathode  LED  display.  Board  is  multiplexed  for 
Monsanto  LEDs:  MA  N  54,  74t  and  84.  Board  Is  IS"  x  5r\ 


87 


Fig.  6.  Front  and  back  panel  layout.  Snooze  and  alarm  time 
switches  may  be  mounted  on  either  side  of  display.  Display 
cutout  may  be  larger  or  smaller f  bat  should  be  4.5"  long. 


USE  INSULATED  WASHER  HERE 


5<    s- 

i*    m    ^    gj    ^ 

*  *  2  ?  £  £ 
2*  3*  &  - 

o  *  z  z  ~ 

z  —  —   w 

~z      - 


F/p.  4,  Mtfn  PC  dotfrd  urn/  parte  layout  All  resistors  AW,  10%  except  R1  -  68QQ  2W.  D1-D8 
are  SO  volt,  I  Amp  IN4QQ1  or  similar.  D9-D22  are  1N914,  Displays  are  mounted  vertically  at 
points  marked  by  arrowst  secured  to  main  board  with  plastic  glue,  such  as  Duco  cement. 


Fig.  5,  Full  size  negative  of  the  main  board.  When  mounting  77  to  the  board,  be  sure  the  base 
ofQI  does  not  short. 


Alarm  Enable-Off ,  Time/ 
Date-Center  position.  Plug 
the  I  me  cord  in.  The  display 
should  show  all  8s.  Set  the 
Function  to  Clock  Set  and 
Time  Set  to  Minutes/Days. 
Momentarily  depress  the 
Advance  push-button.  The 
display  should  change  to  all 
Os.  Don't  worry  if  one  or 
more  digits  are  blank.  Depress 
the  Advance  switch  again  and 
the  minutes  should  start 
counting.  Switch  to  Hours/ 
Months  and  repeat  to  set 
hours.  When  the  time  you 
have  set  corresponds  with  the 
actual  time,  turn  the  Func- 
tion to  Run  and  the  clock 
should  start  counting.  Pay 
attention  to  the  am  and  pm 
indicators  when  setting  the 
time,  as  the  calendar  changes 
days  at  midnight.  Set  the 
Alarm,  Calendar  and  Timer  in 
the  same  manner-  The  Alarm 
may  sound  as  you  rotate  the 
Function  switch,  but  will 
stop  as  the  times  are  set. 

The  Alarm  Time  push- 
button is  a  normally  open 
switch  that  is  wired  in  parallel 
with  the  Function  switch  so 
that  you  can  check  the  time 
that  the  Alarm  is  set  for 
without  fumbling  around  the 
back.  The  Snooze  switch  is 
the  same,  and  both  are  front 
panel  mounted  for  con- 
venience. The  Time/Date 
switch  will  force  the  IC  to 
display  one  or  the  other.  In 
the  center  position  the  time 
will     be     displayed     for     8 


38 


seconds  and  the  date  for  2 
seconds.  The  Mode  switch 
controls  how  the  Timer  will 
function.  In  the  A  Off,  B  Off 
position,  pin  3  will  be  high 
for  the  preset  time  when 
Timer  Enable  is  closed. 

A  On,  B  Off,  pin  3  will  be 
high  for  the  preset  time  and 
at  the  Alarm  time,  A  On,  B 
On,  pin  3  will  be  high  for  the 
preset  time  at  the  Alarm 
time.  The  Timer  will  only 
function  when  Timer  Enable 
is  closed.  Opening  the  switch 
stops  the  Timer  counting,  and 
disables  the  output. 

This  I C  also  has  a  back-up 
oscillator  to  keep  time  when 
operating  from  a  battery.  If 
you  really  wanl  to  get  it 
accurate,  substitute  a  25k  pot 
for  the  10k  resistor  and 
adjust  it  as  close  as  you  can. 
Then  wire  in  a  fixed  precision 
resistor  of  the  same  value. 

General  Information 

Once  the  clock  is  working 
properly  and  the  back-up 
oscillator    is    fairly  accurate, 


Parts  List  — 

"Super  Clock" 

1 

CT7001  IC 

1 

5  position  non-shorting  rotary 

16 

2N708  NPIM 

3 

SPOT  Center  off  sub-miniature 

1 

100  Ohm  %W 

1 

SPST  sub-miniature 

1 

680  Ohm  2  W 

1 

DPOT  sub-miniature 

2 

1  2k  y*  W 

3 

SP  NT0,  momentary  contact 

14 

4.7k  %  W 

1 

Ac  line  cord 

T 

10k  Va  W 

1 

Cabinet  -  Radio  Shack  =^270-260 

2 

1 2k  Y*  W 

1 

28  pin  DIP  socket 

7 

22k  %.  W 

6 

14  pin  DIP  sockets 

8 

1 N400 1 

1 

Main  PC  board 

13 

1N914 

1 

Display  PC  board 

2 

LED  -  Discrete 

Hardware,  wire,  plastic  window 

6 

LEO  Seven  segment  displays 

Most  of  these  parts  are  available  at  Radio 

t 

1 2.6  V  ac  300  mA  Transformer 

Shack.  If  you  use  the  above  cabinet,  get 

1 

1 50  pF  MPO 

the  ! 

sub-mini  switches,  or  they  won't  fit. 

1 

,01  uF  Disc 

The 

seven  segment  LEDs  are  from  Poly- 

1 

100  uF  16  V  Electrolytic 

Paks 

i  (common  anode). 

you  may  get  the  idea  to  use 
the  clock  in  your  car.  That  Is 
also  the  reason  for  two  dc 
inputs  on  the  back:  one 
plugging  in  a  battery  to  carry 
it  out,  and  one  for  operating 
off  the  car's  electrical  system* 
One  word  of  warning:  In 
some  states  it  is  illegal  to  use 
red  indicator*  for  anything 
except  an  emergency  con- 
dition, so  use  a  different 
color  for  the  display  if  you 


ever  plan  to  use  the  clock 
mobile.  (All  you  people  with 
d  igi  ta  I  tachometers,  take 
note.) 

If  a  larger  case  is  used,  the 
timer  relay  circuit  may  be 
added.  With  it,  you  can  do  a 
number  of  different  things, 
such  as  turn  a  lamp  on  and 
off,  turn  the  rig  on  at  sched 
time,  etc.,  as  long  as  the  relay 
contacts  can  handle  the  load. 

If  you  use  a  DPDT  switch 


for  Alarm  Enable,  an  LED  can 
be  wired  to  indicate  when  the 
Alarm  is  active.  This  could 
save  you  from  jumping 
through  the  ceiling  on  Sat* 
urday  morning. 

The  only  time  you'll  have 
to  manually  set  the  calendar 
is  Feb,  29th-  February  is  pro* 
grammed  Into  the  IC  for  28 
days.  Oh,  well,  setting  a  clock 
once  every  four  years  isn't 
hard.  ■ 


nft  hrhnlil  tliL*n*  tuns  a 
great  rartl?i)uakr  far 
ttjr  Angrl  of  thr  fCarft 
ftrsr  ciiftrft   from    ffirau- 

ru,  nnti  mtnr  anil  rallrft 

baric  l  h  l*  stonr  from  tl|r  ftoor. 

Anft  thr  Angel  saift  to  t  hr  uiamru, 
"Jrar  not,  for  i  It  nam  that  yr  srrh 
9rsus  mho  mas  rrurifiril,  ftir  is  not 
lirrr ;  for  hr  is  risrn  as  hr  sniPt.  Comr 
srr  thr  plarr  uilirrr  thr  fCorft  lay," 


{Thru  tjjr  rlrurti  fitsrtplrs  lurtit  to 
0>nlilrr  . . .  anfi  uilirn  thrii  sain  him 
thry  uiorsl?ipprft  ffittf:  lint  somr 
ilouhtrh-  Ant*  9c bub  rnmr  cm  ft 
spohr  to  thrui  saying,  "All  poiurr 
is  iiiurn  ta  nir  in  iHraitrn  anft  in 
rnrtli.  03o  yr  tljrrrforr  anft  trarh 
oil  nations  baptizing  thnn  in  thr 
name  of  tlir  «Fathcrt  £on  anfl  Sialy 
Spirit,  aitft  la,  {  am  until  yott  al- 
mnys,  cum  to  tlir  rnfi  of  thr  uiorlft." 

flint  thrill  28,  2-20 


gaa^&fl«&^>>x>i^^^ 


We  would  like  to  share  the  message 
and  joy  ot  Christ  risen  this  Easter. 


Denfion- 

Radio  Co.,  Inc. 


2100  Enterprise  Parkway 
lwinsburgOhio  44087 
(216)425-3173 


With  the  popularity  of 
autopatch  and  other 
accessories  being  added  to  the 
repeaters,  it  is  little  wonder 
that  the  touchtone  pad  is  in 
such  demand.  While  mobile 
operation  is  greatly  enhanced 
by  a  pad  in  a  box  on  the 
dash,  it  is  a  lot  nicer  and 
more  convenient  to  add  a 
complete  handset  with 
speaker,  mike  and  touchtone 
in  one  handful. 

The     TrimlineTM     phone 

and  other  si  miliar  designs 
seem  to  have  been  made  with 
mobile  operation  in  mind. 
With  a  few  modifications 
they  will  work  with  any  of 
the  popular  transceivers  avail- 
able. 

The  phone  handsel  has  all 
the  goodies  necessary  for  con- 
version, the  base  can  be  dis- 
carded along  with  the  cord. 
You  will  need  a  microphone 
cord  with  two  wires,  mike 
lead  and  shield.  The  rigs  with 
electronic  switching  may 
need  another  wire, 

To  disassemble  the  hand- 
set, pry  out  the  name  just 
above  the  dial  with  a  screw- 


driver; this  exposes  the  light 
and  two  screws.  Remove  the 
light  and  discard,  and  remove 
the  two  screws  and  save.  Slip 
the  back  cover  out  and  down 
to  remove  it  from  the  main 
portion  of  the  handset. 

Looking  at  the  cord  end 
with  the  dial  facing  down 
you  will  observe  five  prongs. 
You  will  also  notice  where 
they  are  attached  to  the 
printed  circuit.  Number  them 
one  through  five,  left  to  right. 
Solder  the  shield  from  the 
mike  cable  to  #3,  which  will 
be  ground  (-).  Solder  a  small 
jumper  from  #5  to  #3  for  the 
dial  light  return.  Solder  a  47 
Ohm  1/8  Watt  resistor  from 
#2  to  #4  for  lamp  power. 
Solder  the  mike  hot  lead  to 
=2. 

Now  remove  the  two 
screws  holding  the  PC  board 
to  the  earphone  element. 
Carefully  pry  up  the  PC  foil 
away  from  the  element,  Use 
the  same  screws  and  run  a 
twisted  pair  of  wires  from  the 
earpiece  terminals  down  the 
right  side  of  the  handset  into 
the  vicinity  of  the  incoming 


mike  cable.  Place  a  layer  of 
black  tape  over  the  screws 
and  wires.  Now  remove  the 
earpiece  cover  by  removing 
the  two  screws  which  hold  it 
in  place.  With  this  removed, 
decide  where  you  will  want 
your  push  to  talk  button,  and 
install  it  appropriately,  run- 
ning the  wires  down  the  left 
side  of  the  handset-  Again  use 
a  twisted  pair  of  wires. 

At  the  bottom  of  the 
handset,  join  one  of  the 
earpiece  wires  with  the 
"ground"  lead  from  the  PTT 
switch  and  solder  them  to  #3. 
The  other  earpiece  wire  will 
go  to  the  black  mike  cable 
lead,  and  the  other  PTT  lead 
will  go  to  the  red  mike  cable 
lead.  Your  handset  is  now 
almost  finished. 

Pull  out  the  earpiece  unit 
carefully  and  you  will  notice 
that  it  also  is  the  holder  for 
the  dial  lamp.  Install  two 
LEDs  of  your  color  choice, 
one  to  each  side  of  the  lamp 
clamp.  The  reason  to  replace 
the  lamp  with  LEDs  and  a 
series  resistor  is  so  you  can 
see  the  dial  in  the  dark  and 


Add  Class 
to  Your 


-  -  a  handset  for  the  ri 


Henry  Huh  WB9WWM 
Box  1347 

Bioomington  IN  47401 


not  have  the  ''short1'  across 
your  mike  lead  which  the 
lamp  would  be  if  left  in.  The 
handset  power  will  come  in 
the  hot  mike  lead. 

Now  observe  your  trans- 
ceiver, Either  replace  the 
mike  connector  with  one 
with  enough  pins  for  all 
necessary  connections,  or 
throw  it  away  and  push  your 
new  cable  through  the  hole. 
It  is  often  more  convenient  to 
discard  the  old  mike  con- 
nector and  install  a  terminal 
strip  nearby,  firmly  attached 
to  a  ground,  to  hold  the  end 
of  the  new  cable.  Now  it  is 
assumed  that  your  circuit 
boards  have  a  common 
ground  (not  like  the  Drake 
ML-2),  and  one  side  of  your 
speaker  goes  to  ground. 

The  shield  goes  togjound. 
The  hot  mike  wire  goes  to  its 
normal  place  in  series  with  a 
500  uF  25  V  electrolytic;  use 
short  leads,  The  PTT  wire 
goes  to  its  normal  connec- 
tion, and  the  hot  lead  of  the 
speaker  goes  to  the  remaining 
mike  cable.  Now,  find  a 
source  of  voltage  which  is 
greater  than  6  volts  positive 
in  transmit.  Insert  a  small  pot 
in  series  with  the  voltage 
source  and  the  junction  of 
the  capacitor  and  the  new  hot 
mike  lead.  Adjust  the  voltage 
at  the  junction  until  you  have 
4*6  volts.  Replace  the  pot 
with  the  closest  fixed  value 
over  the  value  of  the  pot 
reading.  This  will  typically  be 
22-68  Ohms.  A  Va  Watt  resis- 
tor Is  sufficient. 

Using  a  Clegg  FM-27B,  a 
56  Ohm  resistor  was  used.  No 
additional  adjustment  of  the 
deviation  was  necessary* 

The  handsets  with  the 
integrated  circuit  produce  the 
best  audio  and  tones  when 
operated  from  4-6  volts. 
Voltage  levels  above  and 
below  this  result  in  low  or  no 
audio  and  distorted,  low  or 
no  tones  from  the  pad. 

For  real  class,  you  could 
use  green  LEDs  for  normal 
dial  lights  and  red  LEDs  from 
the  PTT  to  show  transmit! 
Again  place  a  series  resistor  in 
the  LED  lead  and  run  it  from 
the  hot  side  of  the  PTT 
switch  and  the  hot  side  of  the 


90 


ptt[ 


HANDSET 


I    1 

SPEAKER 
LEADS 


JUMPER 


MHI 
i23*5 


ptt|J] 


22011 
01  At 
LAMP 
■*++, — 


TRANSMIT 
HOT  PTT      leo 


P£D 


BLACK 


RED ' 

HOT  tflC  LEADJ 
WHITE 

SHIELD 


5P£4«E«  AUDIO 
SuaCK 


A'Hrrt 


PTT 

SPKR        3QP 
A  .,25V 


oiCiQ  END 


CHASSIS 


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Srrto-j; 


w  ••;    HOT 


22  82     *T*  'OOP^  F^fl 
A  J,  HP  IF  REO  C 


ADJUST  FOR4V 


other  LEDs,  but  in  reverse  so      on    the    LEDs.    Now    that's 
grounding  the  PTT  lead  turns      class. 


Also,  if  you  have  a  Ctegg 
FM-27B,  you  can  improve  the 
receive  audio  intelligibility 
and  get  rid  of  the  annoying 
speaker  rattle  by  replacing 
the  .1  uF  capacitor  with  a  ,01 
uF  capacitor  (C-62)  and  thus 
roll  off  the  low  frequencies. 

Now  button  up  the  hand- 
set, clamping  the  mike  cord 
so  it  won't  fall  out,  and  put 
the  case  back  on  the  radio. 

In  case  you  are  wondering 
what  to  do  with  the  old  mike 
connector:  If  you  have  a 
Clegg,   use    it  to  replace  the 


power  connector  on  back  for 
a  vibrationless  tight  con- 
nector that  won't  fall  off 
when  you  go  over  the  razor- 
back  roads.  While  you're  at  it, 
put  a  couple  of  miniature 
(imported)  470  uF  electro- 
lytic capacitors  across  the 
connector  inside  the  radio.  It 
seems  to  help  if  you  are 
having  alternator  whine  on 
your  audio  and  also  smooths 
out  voltage  fluctuations. 

Happy  motoring  and 
QSOrng  with  your  new  tele- 
phone handset.  ■ 


Hey     Bunky:     Building 
that      new     contest 

amplifier  and  worried  about 
cooking  those  grids  with 
excessive  drive  power? 

Tried  to  find  neutralizing 
capacitors  lately? 

Don't  have  enough  drive 
for  that  pair  of  4CX50OOs  in 
grounded  grid? 

Well,  this  article  just  might 
be  what  you  need! 

Several  months  ago  I  was 
involved  in  building  up  a  pair 
of  4CX350As  and  wanted, 
out  of  sheer  laziness,  to  keep 
the  grid  circuit  as  simple  as 
possible.  The  thought  of 
operating  the  tubes  in 
grounded  grid  came  first,  but 
Eimac's  maximum  grid  cur- 
rent rating  of  2  mA  put  the 
kibosh  on  that  idea  fast.  The 
only  alternative  was  to  feed 
the  grids,  but  the  thought  of 
tuned  circuits  and  neutraliza- 
tion was  enough  to  make  me 
try  to  find  a  better  way, 

Most  SSB  amplifiers  are 
operated  in  class  AB1  and 
theoretically  don't  need  any 
driving  power,  just  voltage.  If 
you  look  at  Fig,  1  you  will 
see  a  nice  50  Ohm  dummy 
load  to  soak  up  the  power 
from  the  exciter.  The  power 
rating  depends  on  the  drive;  I 
have  200  Watts  available,  so  I 
used  20  Ik  11  Watt  glass 
resistors  in  parallel, 
sandwiched  between  two 
pieces  of  PC  board. 

The  spec  sheet  on  your 
tube(s)  should  now  be 
consulted  lo  find  out  how 
much  peak  grid  voltage  is 
needed  to  drive  them  to  full 
output.  Next,  calculate  the  rf 
voltage    across    the    dummy 


Bill  Kleronomos  WA9QZC 
RH  2,  Box  41 
Maple  Park  1 L  601  SI 


The  Final  Feeder 


-  -  driving  a  high  power  amplifier 


load,  using: 
E2 


R 


=  W 


where  W  -  drive  power,  E  = 
voltage  and  R=5Q_  If  you 
have  200  Watts  available,  for 
example,  your  available 
voltage  is  about  100  volts 
rms*  RI  and  R2  form  a 
resistive  divider  to  adjust  the 
drive  voltage  to  the  desired 
level  4CX250Bs  need  about 
40  volts  rms  of  drive  so  RI 
and  R2  should  be  Ik.  This 
puts  50  volts  on  the  grid 
which  insures  enough  drive 
and  lets  a  bit  of  grid  current 
flow.  The  actual  values  of  RI 
and  R2  aren't  all  that  critical. 
For  example,  I  replaced  one 
of  the  Ik  resistors  in  the 
dummy  load  with  three  330 
Ohm    2    W    carbon    jobs    in 


series  which  gave  me  a  range 
of  adjustment.  You  could 
probably  use  much  higher 
values,  say  4700  Ohm  jobs  in 
series,  and  get  a  little  better 
match  to  the  hi$i  impedance 
input  of  a  tube  which  should 
r  educe  I  M  products 
somewhat.  The  only 
important  factors  are  the 
ratio  of  resistances,  and  the 
wattage  rating  of  same.  The 


entire  input  network  loads 
the  grid  circuit  down  so  that 
the  chances  of  the  lube 
taking  off  are  minimal. 

When  all  Is  put  together, 
watch  the  grid  current.  If  you 
get  an  occasional  flicker  on 
voice  peaks,  you've  got  it  on 
the  nose.  If  you  have  too 
much  current  indicated, 
increase  RI  some  and  try 
again,  Good  luck.  ■ 


1      B 


INPUT  > 


■      V 


OUT 


*SG 


7;    x 


X 


BIAS  iN 


sfa  \     UNIMPORTANT 

2.imH  \ 


\ 


Fig,  I.  Power  amplifier  using  resistive  grid  circuit. 


91 


What  About 


Surplus  Nicads? 


how  to  test  and  repair  them 


Alvm  E.  Ericson  W9JTQ 
10834  S.  Washtenaw  Ave, 
Chicago  !L  60655 


If  you  are  the  proud  owner 
of  a  hand-held  two  meter 
transceiver,  you  are  aware  of 
the  need  of  a  battery  pack 
that  is  in  good  condition, 
particularly  when  transmit- 
ting. Weak  or  dc  Tec  live  cells 
in  the  battery  will  cause  the 
transmitter  to  lose  power 
rapidly.  If  your  transmitter 
dies  after  only  10  or  20 
minutes  of  use  after  charging, 
read  on,  A  Motorola  HT-220 
transmitter  will  put  out  1  Vi  to 


a        x>       to       *o       se       «o 

DISCHARGE  TiUC  -  MlUfijTES 
NEW  ■ATTEAY 


Fig.  h 


2  Watts  plus  with  a  fully 
charged  15  volt  battery. 
When  the  battery  voltage 
drops  to  12  volts,  the  output 
of  the  transmitter  will  drop 
to  Vz  Watt  or  less.  The 
receiver  will  continue  to 
operate  on  9  or  1 0  volts  with 
reduced  audio  output,  A 
good  battery  should  be  able 
to  give  about  one  hour  of 
transmitter  operation  before 
its  voltage  drops  to  12  volts. 
In  commercial  use,  the  15 
volt  450  mAh  Motorola  nicad 
battery  Is  rated  at  48  minutes 
of  transmitter  operation,  48 
minutes  of  receiving,  and  6 
hours  24  minutes  of  standby 
operation  per  8  hour  day 
before  recharging.  If  you 
purchased  a  new  nicad  bat- 
tery, you  should  be  able  to 
get  results  similar  to  these 
with  no  problem  other  than 
the  severe  jolt  to  your 
pocketbook  from  the  cost  of 
the  new  battery*  They  are  not 
inexpensive.  You  can  ease  the 
strain  on  the  pocketbook  by 
going  the  surplus  route  and 
rebuilding  used  batteries.  In 
addition,  you  should  find  it 
an  interesting  project  to  work 
on. 


To  test  a  nicad  battery 
pack,  charge  it  for  14  to  16 
hours  at  10%  of  its  mAh 
rating  {Le,f  a  450  mAh  bat- 
tery should  be  charged  at  a 
rate  of  45  mA,  and  a  225 
mAh  thin  pack  should  be 
charged  at  20-25  mA).  Rapid 
charge  batteries  can  also  be 
charged  at  this  slower  rate  or 
in  a  special  rapid  charger  at 
its  recommended  time. 

After  charging,  connect  a 
voltmeter  across  the  battery 
and  a  load  resistor  to  dis- 
charge the  battery  at  the 
same  rate  as  the  transmitter. 
The  load  resistor  should  also 
match  the  size  of  your  bat- 
tery. For  a  450  mAh  15  volt 
Motorola  battery,  the  load 
resistor  should  be  32.5  Ohms, 
and  for  the  225  mAh 
Motorola  thin  pack  nicad 
battery,  the  proper  load  resis- 
tor is  65  Ohms.  Resistors  can 
be  connected  in  series  or 
parallel  combinations  to  get 
these  values  and  should  have 
a  5  or  10  Watt  rating.  Take 
readings  of  the  voltage  every 
minute  starting  when  you 
begin  discharging  the  battery 
through  the  load  resistor. 
After    the  first  10  minutes, 


take  readings  every  5  minutes 
until  the  voltage  begins 
rapidly  dropping.  At  this 
point,  take  readings  every 
minute  again  until  the  voltage 
drops  to  about  10  or  1 1  volts, 
A  nicad  battery  has  reached 
its  fully  discharged  voltage  at 
about  0.9  volt  per  cell  {i.e.,  a 
12  cell  15  volt  battery  is  fully 
discharged  when  it  drops  to 
10.8  volts)t  To  discharge  it 
below  this  value  may  damage 
cells  in  the  battery.  Plot  a 
curve  on  graph  paper  of  the 
battery  voltage  vs,  discharge 
time  in  minutes.  New  bat- 
teries will  have  discharge 
curves  as  shown  in  Fig.  1 . 
You  can  see  that  after  the 
first  few  minutes  of  dis- 
charge,  the  battery  voltage 
stays  almost  constant 
between  14.7  and  14  volts  for 
quite  a  period  of  time.  As  it 
nears  the  end  of  its  discharge, 
the  voltage  drops  off  quite 
rapidly  until  it  reaches  its 
discharged  voltage  of  10  to 
11  volts.  Note  that  the  12 
volt  point  where  the  trans- 
mitter power  has  begun  to 
drop  drastically  is  very  near 
the  fully  discharged  voltage  as 
well. 


92 


What  are  we  fikely  to  find 
in    a   surplus  nicad   battery? 
Figs.  2  and  3  are  typical.  The 
battery    in    Fig.    2   appeared 
almost  normal  for  the  first  23 
minutes  of  discharge  and  then 
dropped  abruptly,  decreasing 
rapidly  ag^in  at  33  minutes* 
It  has  two  cells  that  only  take 
a  partial  charge  and  become 
completely  discharged  at  the 
points     of     sudden     voltage 
drop.  Locating  and  replacing 
these    cells    with    good   ones 
will  likely  result  in  a  battery 
almost  as  good  as  new.  You 
can  elect  to  use  it  as  is  if  you 
are  satisfied  with  recharging  it 
after   about    20    minutes    of 
transmitter  time,  since  it  will 
deliver  almost  full  power  the 
first   20   minutes.    Fig.   3   is 
more  typical  of  what  you  will 
find,  however.  Here  the  bat- 
tery voltage  never  did  come 
up     to     full     voltage     when 
charged,  and  it  dropped  off 
to    below    14    volts    rapidly, 
going  below  13  volts  after  25 
or  30   minutes  of  use.  This 
lower      voltage     results     in 
decreased  transmitter  output 
almost   from    the  start.   The 
fact  that   this   battery  never 
charged  up  to  16  volts  indi- 
cates a  shorted  cell.  Replacing 
one  cell  almost  brought  it  up 
to  par,  but  it  still  would  not 
last  for   more  than  48  min- 
utes. Locating  and  replacing 
the   cell    that  was  weak   re- 
sulted in  a  battery  almost  as 
good  as  new,  as  can  be  seen 
by  the  curve  just  below  the 
new  battery   reference.    You 
might   try    Peter    A.    Stark's 
(K20AW)      method     of 
"Zapping     Dead     Nicads     to 
Life"     which     appeared     in 
January,  1976,  73  Magazine^ 
to  rejuvenate  the  shorted  cell 
in  this  last  battery.  The  bat- 
tery in  Fig.  2  does  not  have 
shorted    cells    so   would   not 
respond     to     his     suggested 
treatment. 

This  method  of  testing 
should  enable  you  to  identify 
the  type  of  problem  your 
surplus  battery  is  plagued 
with:  dead  cells,  weak  cells, 
and  cells  that  accept  only  a 
partial  charge.  Some  batteries 
charge  up  to  normal  voltage 
but  lose  it  overnight  or  in  a 


Photo  h  Motorola  HT-220  nicad  battery  with  posts  drilled  out  and  showing  a  coping  saw  blade 
used  to  saw  around  the  edges  of  the  top  of  the  case, 


few  days  due  to  high  internal 
leakage  from  electrolyte 
vented  from  a  cell.  After 
opening  a  battery  with  this 
defect,  the  cells  should  be 
washed  in  running  water  to 
dissolve  the  electrolyte  and, 
after  drying,  should  be 
charged  and  load  tested  to 
determine  the  good  cells  in 
the  battery.  I  personally  have 
not  had  much  luck  rebuilding 
this  type  of  defect. 

The  next  problem  to  solve 
is  how  to  get  inside  of  the 
plastic  case  of  the  battery.  I 
use  a  thin  blade  coping  saw  to 
just  cut  through  the  plastic 
without  sawing  into  the  cells 
as  shown  in  Photo  1.  The  two 
plastic  posts  near   the  center 


of  the  battery  must  also  be 
drilled  out  before  the  plastic 
face  of  the  battery  can  be 
removed.  Most  batteries  show 
a  dimple  where  the  posts  are 
located.  Drill  into  the  center 
of  the  dimple  with  a  1/16" 
drill.  They  are  hollow  and  the 
small  drill  will  feed  into  the 
hollow  part  Then  use  a  ffi' 
diameter  drill  to  just  drill 
through  the  thin  plastic.  Do 
not  drill  too  deeply  with  the 
large  drill  because  there  is 
danger  of  drilling  into  the 
cells  and  damaging  them.  Use 
the  sharp  point  of  a  knife  to 
cut  through  the  plastic  along 
the  sides  where  the  saw  did 
not  cut  through  completely. 
It  is  better  to  do  this  than  to 


IQ  20  30  4  0  50 

DISCHARGE   TIME -MINUTES 
SURPLUS  BATTERY 


SC 


10  20         3d  10  50 

DISCHARGE   TIME  -  MINUTES 

REBUILT  SURPLUS  BATTERY 


CO 


Fig,  2. 


Fig.  3, 


saw  too  deeply  and  damage 
cells.  While  this  is  rather  a 
delicate  opera  tion,  it  can 
easily  be  done  with  a  little 
care  and  patience.  The  penal- 
ty for  sawing  into  a  cell  is 
that  you  will  have  to  discard 
it.  If  you  try  to  saw  the 
battery  case  apart  on  the 
sides  along  the  lines  where  it 
was  originally  cemented 
together,  you  will  almost 
surely  saw  into  cells,  damag- 
ing them. 

Photo  2  shows  the  inside 
of  the  battery  after  removing 
the  top  face.  You  can  pop  the 
cells  out  of  the  case  by  hold- 
ing the  battery  upside  down 
over  your  hand  and  hitting 
the  palms  of  your  hands 
together.  The  cells  should 
come  partially  out  -  enough 
to  grasp  them  with  your 
fingers  to  pull  them  out  the 
rest  of  the  way. 

Measure  the  voltage  of 
each  individual  cell  of  your 
discharged  battery.  To  do  this 
you  will  have  to  carefully  lift 
the  insulating  sheet  on  the 
terminal  connection  side  of 
the  battery  to  get  at  the  cells. 
Any  cell  that  measures  less 
than  0.9  volt  on  a  discharged 
battery  is  probably  defective. 


y  j 


mSSmmmUm*: 


Photo  2  Shows  the  inside  of  a  Motorola  HT-220  nicad  battery  after  separating  the  top  of  the 
case  from  the  rest  of  the  case. 


Mark  defective  cells  with  a 
felt  tip  pen.  To  make  sure 
that  all  defective  cells  have 
been  identified!  connect  the 
load  resistor  across  the  bat- 
tery and  quickly  measure  the 
individual  cell  voltages.  Mark 
any  additional  cells  that  are 
below  0.9  volt.  Using  clip 
leads,  connect  the  battery  to 
your  charger  and  charge  it 
completely.  Discharge  it  with 
the  load  resistor  and,  as  it  is 
discharging,  measure  individu- 
al cell  voltages  to  identify 
which  cells  discharge  first,  or 
are  dead. 

Repeat  this  testing  proce- 
dure on  additional  used  bat- 
teries, preferably  three  batter- 
ies. You  should  have  enough 
good  cells  to  rebuild  two  of 


the  batteries  having  the  fewest 
defective  cells,  and  possibly 
have  a  few  good  cells  left  over 
for  future  repairs  or  for  use  in 
some  other  project. 

Remove  the  defective  cells 
by  peeling  the  connecting 
straps  off  the  defective  cells 
with  a  long  nose  pliers,  or 
better  yet,  a  needlenose 
pliers.  The  welds  break  quite 
easily.  Remove  good  cells 
from  one  of  the  batteries  that 
you  plan  to  break  up,  prefer- 
ably from  the  same  location 
as  the  defective  cell  in  the 
battery  you  are  repairing.  If 
two  good  cells  are  adjacent  to 
each  other,  clip  the  strap 
between  the  two  cells,  so 
both  can  be  used.  I  have  used 
two  methods  to  connect  the 


replacement  cells  in  the  bat- 
tery. I  bend  the  long  lead  and 
the  shorter  clipped  lead  to 
form  hooks  that  interlock. 
When  pressed  together,  they 
seem  to  make  a  satisfactory 
contact  when  held  by  the 
case  after  the  battery  has 
been  assembled.  The  leads 
can  also  be  left  flat  and  over- 
lapped slightly  and  soldered. 
Put  the  cells  back  in  the  case 
and  give  the  battery  a  full 
charge.  Run  a  discharge  test 
on  your  rebuilt  battery  to  see 
how  good  a  job  you  have 
done  in  replacing  defective 
cells  with  good  cells.  If  you 
have  been  successful,  you 
should  have  a  rebuilt  battery 
that  meets  80%  of  the 
required   60  minutes,  or  48 


minutes,  before  it  drops  to  12 
volts.  It  should  also  have 
remained  above  14  volts  for 
35  minutes  or  more,  with  a 
smooth  drop-off  to  12  volts 
in  48  to  50  minutes,  Starting 
with  three  used  batteries,  you 
hopefully  have  been  able  to 
rebuild  two  good  batteries 
and  have  a  few  cells  left  over* 
In  many  used  batteries  you 
only  have  to  replace  one  or 
two  defective  cells.  Use  trans- 
parent adhesive  tape  to  fasten 
the  cover  tightly  in  place.  The 
pressure  from  the  cover  plus 
the  pressure  from  the  battery 
cover  on  the  hand-held  trans- 
ceiver seem  to  provide  con- 
tact between  the  interlocking 
straps. 

Just  a  few  hints  on  select- 
ing your  surplus  nicad  batter- 
ies: Avoid  batteries  with 
distorted,  partly  melted  cases. 
Most  of  the  cells  are  usually 
damaged  or  in  poor  condi- 
tion, probably  because  the 
electrolyte  has  been  boiled 
out  of  the  cells  by  excessive 
heat.  Select  batteries  with 
smooth  cases.  Many  of  the 
pull-outs  from  commercial 
service  have  failed  to  pass  the 
load  test  because  one  or  two 
out  of  the  twelve  cells  have 
gone  bad.  Surplus  nicads  are 
available  from  Spectronics 
Inc.,  1009  Garfield  St.,  Oak 
Park  IL  60304.  Surplus 
Motorola  batteries  that  take  a 
charge  and  test  in  the  OK 
zone  on  a  nicad  battery  tester 
sell  for  $10,  and  those  that 
do  not  test  OK  are  sold  at  a 
bargain  3  for  $5.  These  are 
the  ones  I  used,  so  good  luck 
in  rebuilding  batteries  for 
your  transceiver.  ■ 


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C25 


The  History  of  Ham  Radio 


-  -  part  II 


Eric  G.  Shalkhavser  W9C1 
527  Spring  Creek  Road 
Washington  IL  61571 


Reprinted  from  QCC  News,  a 
publication  of  the  Chicago  Area 
Chapter  of  the  QCWA , 


1917 

During  the  hostilities  of 
World  War  I,  in  which  the 
United  States  was  involved 
from  April,  1917,  to  Novem- 
ber, 1918,  there  were  no  ama- 
teur activities  on  the  air, 
After   the  armistice  was  de- 


The  transmitter  of  station  "2PM"  which  produced  the  first 
transcontinental  signals. 


dared,  amateurs  still  had  to 
wait  almost  a  year  before 
permission  was  granted  to 
dust  off  the  old  equipment, 
make  repairs,  catch  up  on  the 
many  changes  to  be  made  due 
to  advancements  in  the  art, 
and  become  active  again. 

It  Is  interesting  to  follow 
the  trend  in  activities  among 
amateurs  during  the  lull,  due 
to  the  war.  QSTt  the  publica- 
tion of  the  Amateur  Radio 
Relay  League,  continued  to 
appear  every  month  until 
September,  1917.  Then  fol- 
lowed increased  government 
restrictions,  rather  severe. 
The  edict:  "No  radiation,  no 
ground  connections,  no 
capacity  or  inductance  to 
hook-up!"  Amateurs  were 
told,  "You  may  read  radio 
books,  think  radio  thoughts, 
and  learn  the  Morse  code, 
until  the  call  comes  to  join 
up/1  Many  amateurs  enlisted 
in  the  Signal  Corps,  the  Navy, 
or  found  employment  with 
the  services. 

1918 

Although  the  amistice  was 
signed  on  November  t1, 
1918,  amateurs  waited  some 
months  before  radio  publica- 
tions were  again  available. 
The  first  postwar  edition  of 
QST  appeared  in  July,  1919, 
and  other  periodicals  made 
their  appearance,  notably 
Wireless  Age  and  Radio  A  ma- 
tear  News.  Restrictions  on 
amateur  transmission  were 
removed  by  the  government 


on  October  I,  1919.  Here  it 
should  be  noted  that  an 
attempt  was  made  through 
Che  introduction  of  a  bill, 
known  as  HR  15159,  re- 
quested by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  to  turn  over  all 
radio  control  to  the  Navy 
Department.  This  bill  re- 
ceived very  strong  opposition 
from  the  amateur  radio  fra- 
ternity and  was  defeated. 

What  were  the  regulations 
which  now  governed  the 
radio  amateur?  All  licenses 
were  cancelled  as  of  April  I, 
1917.  Rules  and  regulations 
had  to  be  followed  to  go  back 
on  the  air,  Amateurs  knew 
that  the  Department  of 
Commerce  still  had  complete 
jurisdiction  with  William 
Redfield,  Secretary  of  Com- 
merce, at  the  time.  A  publica- 
tion issued  by  the  Bureau  of 
Navigation,  Radio  Service, 
dated  August,  1919,  entitled 
"Radio  Communication  Law 
of  the  United  States,"  indi- 
cated that  no  additional  radio 
regulations  had  been  added  to 
those  in  effect  as  of  the 
beginning  of  hostilities.  In 
fact,  no  changes  were  made  in 
the  radio  law  during  the  in- 
terim between  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  Act  of  June  24, 
1910,  and  the  ratification  of 
the  International  Convention 
of  Communications,  finalised 
and  signed  by  Woodrow 
Wilson,  then  President  of  the 
United  States,  on  July  8, 
1913. 

1919 

Applications  for  amateur 
radio  operators  and  station 
licenses  soon  had  the  fra- 
ternity by  the  hundreds  back 
into  the  swing.  The  spark 
coil,  the  rotary  gap,  and  the 
old  receivers  had  to  be 
brou^rt  up  from  the  base- 
ment or  down  from  the  attic, 
unpacked  from  storage  bins, 
and  put  back  into  service.  As 
soon  as  restrictions  were 
removed,  activity  started  with 
a  vengeance.  Radio  shops 
blossomed  everywhere.  The 
old  wireless  bug  put  every- 
body to  building  loose 
couplers,  variometers,  honey- 
comb coils,  simple  detectors, 
and  a  host   of  new  devices. 


96 


Along  came  the  newly  devel- 
oped three  element  vacuum 
tube.  Here  was  the  beginning 
of  the  real  revolution  in 
reception  and  transmission  of 
wireless  signals.  The  VT-1  by 
Western  Electric  gave  the 
amateurs  their  first  chance  to 
analyze  its  possibilities.  There 
also  were  Morehead  and 
Marconi  tubes  available,  but 
they  were  very  unstable  as 
receiving  as  well  as  trans* 
mining  units.  No  two  alike 
would  respond  equally  in  a 
circuit.  We  were  all  looking 
for  the  advent  of  larger  and 
more  powerful  vacuum  tubes, 
and  anxious  to  replace  the 
old  spark  transmitter.  The 
amateurs  knew  that  it  was 
possible  to  do  away  with  the 
noisy  spark  discharges  with 
their  interference  problems 
due  to  wide  bandwidths,  and 
put  a  new  kind  of  signal  into 
the  ether  using  vacuum  tubes. 

At  ARRL  headquarters  in 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  where 
QST  originated  and  where 
our  newly  appointed  secre- 
tary and  editor,  K,  B,  Warner, 
took  over  right  after  the  war, 
it  was  decided  that  the  entire 
body  of  amateurs  be  organ- 
ized into  local  and  regional 
clubs  and  associations.  The 
objectives  were  to  foster  and 
promote  complete  control  of 
all  ham  activities  such  as 
relaying  messages,  establish 
relay  routes  across  the 
country,  and  keep  abreast  of 
all  governmental  legislation 
pertaining  to  amateur  radio 
activities. 

K-  B.  Warner,  the  new 
secretary,  came  from  Cairo, 
Illinois.  A  very  active  ama- 
teur, he  operated  under  the 
call  9JTin  1915,  using  a  1/2 
kW  fixed  gap  transmitter. 

All  amateur  radio  stations 
were  supposed  to  be  oper- 
ating on  the  200  meter  as- 
signed  wavelength.  Adherence 
was  not  too  strictly  enforced. 
In  fact,  some  stations  were 
operating  well  above  200 
meters.  A  few,  with  special 
permission,  were  well  into  the 
375  meter  range-  So  little  was 
known  about  radio  propaga- 
tion that  the  erroneous 
assumption  persisted,  "the 
longer    the    wavelength,    the 


"2PM  *'  operating  position  heated  at  808  West  End  Avenue  in  New  York  City, 


greater  the  distance  waves 
would  travel,"  August,  1920, 
QST  said,  'For  short  wave* 
lengths  (below  200  meters) 
the  signal  strength  is  a  func- 
tion of  the  wavelength,  and  it 
may  be  said  that  the  shorter 
the  wavelength,  the  weaker 
the  signal."  How  strangely 
the  ether  waves  behaved  in 
those  days! 

Everybody  was  still  using 
interrupted  CW,  some 
straight,  some  quenched,  with 
the  only  noticeable  difference 
being  in  the  pitch,  the  whine, 
and  the  characteristic  inter- 
ruption of  the  dots  and 
dashes.  Some  found  satisfac- 
tion in  a  500  cycle  note,  if  a 
500  cycle  generator  could  be 
found  as  the  prime  source  of 
power.  Interference  created 
bedlam  in  many  areas,  espe- 
cially before  midnight,  after 
which  most  of  the  spark  coit 
operators  quieted  down  and 
went  to  bed,  giving  the  high- 
powered  boys  the  ether.  The 
maximum  power  transformer 
rating  was  one  kW,  usually  a 
Thordarson  or  Clapp-Estham 
or  equivalent  rated  at  25,000 
volts  secondary-  The  law  was 
specific:  "A  transmitting 
wavelength  not  exceeding 
200  meters  and  a  transformer 
input  not  exceeding  one  kilo- 
watt/1 The  ammeter  hot  wire 


in  the  antenna  usually  was 
asked  to  register  from  4  to  1 0 
Amperes  into  an  L  or  T  type 
antenna  configuration.  It  had 
to  be  designed  and  built  to  a 
measured  length,  specifically 
not  over  100  meters,  to  be 
within  the  law.  There  were 
plenty  of  parallel  wires,  usual- 
ly at  least  four,  to  form  a 
ground  network  of  copper 
conductors  (or  buried  copper 
washboilers)  for  a  counter- 
poise. 

The  amateurs  had  a  stand- 
by    pal,     'The    Old     Man/' 
delivering  pertinent  informa- 
tion to  all  through  articles  in 
QST.    He    kept    all    in   good 
humor      and      within     the 
straightjacket     of    operating 
procedures.  As  an  example  of 
what  could  be  expected  from 
the  OM,   here  is  an  excerpt 
directed  to  the  editor  from 
June,    1919,  QST  under  the 
heading    "Rotten    Starting": 
"I  am  sending  you  a 
specimen    of   a    Wouff 
Hong   which   came   to 
light  out  here  when  we 
started  to  get  our  junk 
out    of    cold    storage. 
Keep  it  in  the  editorial 
sanctum  where  you  can 
lay  hands  on  it  quickly 
in   emergency.  We  will 
be  allowed  to  transmit 
soon  and  then  you  will 


need  it." 

Who     does    not    know    the 

Wouff  Hong? 

What  most  of  the  amateurs 

surmised    and    expected   was 

just     ahead.     We     read     in 

November,  1919: 

* 'There  will  come  a 
day  when  amateurs  will 
not  need  to  bother 
their  heads  about 
government  or  commer- 
cial stations,  but  THAT 
DAY  HAS  AS  YET 
NOT  ARRIVED.  The 
radio  millenium  has  still 
to  come.  We  mean  by 
this  that  with  our  pres- 
ent form  of  crude 
apparatus  still  in  vogue, 
and  when  we  are  using 
quasi  makeshifts,  we 
cannot  expect  that  we 
can  tune  our  trans* 
mitters  down  to  within 
the  hundredth  fraction 
of  a  meter.  Usually  the 
amateur  wave  is  so 
broad  that  it  can  be 
picked  up  all  over  the 
scale.  As  long  as  we 
persist  in  sending  out 
such  waves,  we  must 
expect  criticism  from 
the  big  stations  with 
which  we  interfere." 
The  junking  of  the  radio 

spark  gap  was  in  the  making. 

To   actually   let  go   was  an- 


97 


"Mule  Mobile"  was  used  by  the  Signal  Corps  during  World  War  f  for  carrying  the  not  quite 
portable  transmitting  equipment 


other  thing.  Some  of  the  old- 
timers  in  1920  complained 
that  there  was  no  romance  in 
tube  transmission  -  that  it 
has  no  individuality  or  tradi- 
tional associations  like  the 
old  spark.  There  was  always  a 
certain   stalwart   and    hearty 


attraction  about  the  old  non- 
sink  rotary,  noisy  and  ineffi- 
cient as  it  was.  So  the  Old 
Guard  had  to  finally  succumb 
also  to  the  little  bulbs  that 
had  nothing  in  'em. 

This  is  what  Dr.  Lee  De- 
Forest  had  to  say  at  this  time, 


the  man  responsible  for  the 
development  of  the  three  ele- 
ment tuber  in  November, 
1919: 

"The  average  radio 
amateur  knows  enough 
of  the  extreme  selec- 
tivity  which    the   pure 


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undamped  wave  makes 
possible,  to  realize  thai 
the  problems  of  inter- 
ference would  largely 
vanish  with  the  spark 
gap.  Let  the  amateur 
urge  upon  his  Congress- 
man or  Senator  that  if 
the  government  wishes 
to  further  legislate 
against  radio  interfer- 
ence, then  legislate  out 
of  business  the  damped 
wave  transmitter/1 

1920 

So  it  became  necessary 
that  the  amateurs  gradually 
develop  the  use  of  the 
vacuum  tube  for  the  various 
modes  of  ON  transmission , 
modulating  via  key  and  voice, 
and  for  better  receiving  possi* 
biliiies.  With  better  sensitivity 
and  selectivity  built  into 
receivers,  our  efforts  were 
now  directed  toward  solving 
the  Q55  Bugaboo]  What  is 
QSS?  The  0  code  gives  no 
definition.  So  -  take  a  look 
into  the  May,  1920,  issue 
QST,  page  25.  Well,  since  you 
do  not  have  a  copy,  this 
"new'1  abbreviation  was 
added  to  the  list,  adopted  by 
ARRL  to  fill  a  need.  What 
does  it  stand  for? 

QSS?  —  Do  my  signals 

fade? 

QSS    —    Your    signals 

fade. 
Although    rarely    used,    this 
abbreviation,    even    in    these 
days,  makes  sense. 

Amateur  radio  was  not  out 
of  the  woods  regarding  clear 
sailing  without  periodic 
attempts  on  the  part  of  the 
government  to  curb  their 
activities.  The  Poindexter 
Bill,  originating  as  document 
#165  through  a  letter  from 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
was  in  the  hopper,  It  stood 
facing  the  amateurs  later  on 
as  Poindexter  Bill  S-4038, 
and  did  not  bode  good  news 
for  the  amateur. 

The  time  loomed  on  the 
radio  horizon  in  1920  to  be 
thinking  about  international 
regulatory  legislation  to  bring 
radio  communication  the 
world  over  under  better  con- 
trol. A  meeting  of  the  Inter- 
national    Communications 


Convention  in  Berne,  Switzer- 
land, was  on  the  agenda.  The 
radio  amateurs  had  to  have 
prominent  representation. 
Intensive  efforts  were  made 
to  protect  the  rights  and 
privileges  belonging  to  the 
amateur,  Charles  H.  Steward, 
member  of  the  ARRL  Board, 
was  appointed  legal  counselor 
to  speak  for  the  amateur  in 
these  matters.  In  order  to 
cement  more  firmly  the  ties 
that  bind,  amateurs  decided 
that  in  numbers  and  in  get- 
togethers  there  is  strength, 
and  much  could  be  accom- 
plished via  this  route.  The 
thinking  centered  on  having 
regional  conventionSj  typical 
gatherings  to  meet  each  other 
personally,  to  set  out  pro- 
gram meetings,  and  to  air 
mutual  problems. 

One  of  the  early  conven- 
tions took  place  in  Chicago, 
sponsored  by  the  Central 
Division  Managers  of  ARRL, 
Held  September  2  to  4  at  the 
Edge  water  Beach  Hotel,  there 
were  about  four  hundred  in 
attendance.  There  had  been 
similar   conventions    held    in 


Received  nv   -nri  of  the   15-    A:r   sorry   to 

p-#   I  hv  never  f?3$$  h   since   that  .nunrlay  nit  a.    The  other 
■hrd  Yj  give  u  a  megger  something,  don t  r^rLerno-r.    nv 
been  hvd   in  Dee   Moinee   and  O^^Jjjjjgaa,  in   the  daytime. 
I   nv  a  tuner  with"  a  oilier  wliich  I    sin    rom^   to    $wm   nn 
then  rmvhe  I   can  hr  mo*&m%    Tt  ^rK&  ok   thio  wty   but   the 
glider  nnist   be   set   a   certain  taf   or   the  Bigs   f^cte, 
ti:V  w*rke<i   Yj   and  9fe^,Theae  %*m   r  my  longes t'diBt&ncee, 

watsfina  cli  copy  me  in  the  -i^ytlsia  but  he  nidnt  ^rK. 

-  —  account  or  (pi,  tm$   tune  i  ar  a  I  fill  ceil  u. 

U.r  friendi  + 
John  a. Keee* 


Boston  and  Philadelphia,  but 
this  one  in  Chicago  was  to  be 
of  wider  scope  En  quantity 
and  quality  to  bring  home  to 
all  amateurs  what  we  were  up 
against.  The  report  issued 
from  headquarters:  "The 
convention  out-conventioned 
anything  yet  pulled  off  in 
amateur  radio/1 


An  early  QSL  card?  sent  in  191 7. 

Not  to  be  outdone,  and  to 
top  off  the  year  1920,  the 
Midwest  ARRL  Division 
decided  that  St.  Louis  would 
be  the  next  ptace  for  a  meet- 
ing. The  time,  December  28 
to  30,  under  the  sponsorship 
of  the  St.  Louis  Radio  Club. 
Everybody  of  note  in  ama- 
teur radio  circles  showed  up. 


from  the  President  Hiram  P, 
Maxin,  the  Editor  K,  B, 
Warner,  the  Chicago  gang, 
Paul  Godley,  M.  B.  West,  R, 
H,  G,  Mathews,  and  of 
course,  'The  Old  Man"  him- 
self, who  gave  a  stirring 
account  of  the  "joyous"  and 
glorious"  three  days. 

To  be  continued. 


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" 


A  major  expense  when  it 
comes  to  building  that 
linear  is  the  price  of  the 
filament  transformer;  Fortu- 
nately, one  or  two  of  those 
obsolete  tube  power  trans- 
formers can  get  you  over  that 
expensive  hurdle  with  only  a 
tittle  time  and  a  few  cents 
invested 

First      weigh     your 
transformer     to     determine 
capability.   Refer  to   Fig.   1, 
which     illustrates     the 
relationship   between  weight 
and     filament     power 
capability.    For  example,    if 
the  power  transformer  weighs 
4  pounds,   it  should  have  a 
filament  power  capability  of 
60  Watts- 
Next     determine     if    the 
transformer   is  adequate  for 
your    application.    Let's   say 
you  have  a  transformer  with  a 
recycled     capability     of    60 
Watts  and  you  desire  a  new 
secondary  for  a  4CX1000A 
high     power     ceramic-metal 
tetrode,    As   the  4CX1000A 
has     a    maximum     filament 
power   requirement   of   59.4 
Watts  (6  volts  x  9.9  Amps), 
you    could    indeed   use   this 
transformer  for  your  filament 
supply.  You   could  also  use 
two    thirty    or    forty    Watt 
transformers  in  parallel. 

Once  you  have  selected 
your  transformer!  disassemble 
the  outer  case  and  note  the 
location  of  your  primary 
winding  in  respect  to  the  core 
of  the  transformer.  The 
primary  leads  are  usually 
color  coded  black.  Make  sure 
your  transformer  has  a  110 
volt,  60  Hz  primary,  as  some 
surplus  transformers  have  odd 
primary  voltages  that  operate 


T  J 


Edwin  Ham  KSVIR 
POBox  127 
Holly  MI  48442 


Wind 


Own 


-  -  cheap  filament  power 

for  that  linear 


Fit  UNIT 


btfUtihjT*  m  WHTTff 


at  other  than  60  Hz.  Also, 
some  transformers  do  have 
their  primary  near  the  outer 
core  and,  generally,  this  type 
of  transformer  provides  little 
area  for  your  new  secondary. 
Transformers  that  have  the 
primary  wound  tightly 
around  the  center  core 
provide  the  most  area  and 
versatility  for  your  new 
secondary* 


Fig,  L  l  Weight  excludes  mounting  fixtures.  If  case  is  of  heavy 
steel  construction,  remove  before  weighing  transformer.  1Data 
based  on  an  ana iy sis  of  typical  transformers. 


After  you  have  located  the 
primary,  cut  off  and  remove 
with  a  hacksaw  all  secondary 
windings  that  are  wound 
around  the  primary.  Work 
slowly  and  take  care  not  to 
cut  or  damage  your  primary 
winding. 

After  completion  of  your 
cutting,  inspect  the  primary 
for  damage.  Next,  wrap  the 
primary  winding  with  one 
layer  of  plastic  tape.  Securely 
attach  and  insulate  the  pri- 
mary leads, 

The  number  of  load  turns 


per  volt  must  next  be  deter- 
mined. Wind  approximately  4 
turns  of  no.  18  insulated  wire 
around  the  primary  as  a 
temporary  secondary.  Apply 
the  normal  primary  voltage 
(110  volts,  60  Hz)  to  the 
primary  and  measure  the  out- 
put voltage  of  your  tempo* 
rary  secondary  with  an  ae 
voltmeter.  The  voltmeter 
reading  will  determine  the 
turns  per  volt.  For  example, 
if  you  measure  2  volts,  you 
know  it  took  4  turns  on  the 
secondary  to  produce  this  2 


100 


volts;  therefore,  the  turns  per 
volt  is  2  turns  per  1  volt. 
Keep  in  mind  this  is  the 
no-load  turns  per  volt. 

After  removing  the 
temporary  secondary,  wind 
your  permanent  secondary.  I 
use  two  no.  14  wires  in 
parallel  for  my  secondaries,  as 
this  is  quite  easy  to  wind 
around  the  primary.  Two  no. 
14  copper  wires  will  be 
adequate  for  secondary 
current  levels  up  to  10  Amps, 
5     Amps     per     wire.     The 


insulation  on  the  wire  should 
be  capable  of  withstanding  at 
least  10  times  your  output 
voltage.  Example:  If  the 
secondary  output  is  7  volts, 
the  insulation  should  provide 
protection  up  to  at  least  70 
volts  or  higher. 

Always  allow  about  50% 
more  wire  than  your  turns 
per  volt  indicated,  as  you  will 
have  to  increase  the  number 
of  turns  to  compensate  for 
the  transformer  resistance 
when  operated  under  load- 

A     filament     transformer 


must  have  the  correct  output 
voltage  under  load;  therefore 
you  must  load  your  secon- 
dary .ind  take  periodic 
measurements  during  its  con- 
struction. 

Let's  say  for  example  you 
require  6  volts  at  10  Amps. 
According  to  Ohm's  Law  the 
load  must  be  .6  Ohms, 


ft-    =-  = 


6  volt* 

10  Amp* 


,6  OhfiH 


Therefore  you  should  load 
the  secondary  with  a  .6  Ohm 


resistor  while  measuring  the 
output  secondary  voltage. 
Ohm's  Law  requires  the 
power  dissipation  of  the 
resistor  be  at  least  60  W. 

P  -  IE  =  ( 10  Amp)  (6  volts  J  =  60  Wjiu 

However,  a  much  smaller 
wattage  resistor  may  be  used 
if  you  work  rapidly  and  do 
not  allow  the  resistor  to  heat 
up. 

That's  it;  good  luck  on 
that  linear.  ■ 


Avery     simple    addition 
can    be    made    to    the 

Regency  HR-2A  and  other 
FM  receivers  which  will  pro- 
vide output  for  a  frequency 
shift  meter,  scope,  tape  re- 
corder or  for  whatever  other 
purposes  a  discriminator 
output  is  required,  A  partial 
diagram  of  the  HR-2A  dis- 
criminator is  shown  in  Fig,  1, 
Refer  to  the  schematic 
diagram  of  your  receiver  to 
locate  the  equivalent  takeoff 
point. 

At  test  point  TP-A,  add  a 
10k  resistor  and  a  ,01 
capacitor  to  filter  out  low 
frequency  variations  of  the 
discriminator  dc  output.  The 
other  end  of  this  filter 
connects  to  an  unused 
terminal  on  the  speaker 
terminal  strip.  Fig.  2  shows 
the  circuit  of  the  filter  and 
output  wiring.  To  use  the 
discriminator  for  meter 
operation,  connect  a  VTVM 
to  terminals  3  and  4  of  the 
speaker  terminal  strip  and  set 
the  meter  to  the  5  volt  dc 
range.  Turn  the  receiver  to  a 
channel  that  doesn't  have  a 
signal  coming  through  and 
adjust  the  meter  for  center 
scale  reference  (2.5  volts), 
You  can  now  switch  the 
receiver   to  any  station  that 


Mitchel  Katz   W2KPE 
147  11  76th  Ave. 
Flushing  NY   J  J  36 7 


Discriminator  Output  for  the  HR-2A 


-  -  check  deviation  and  modulation 


you  may  wish  to  check,  and 
sec  how  far  they  are  off  zero 
by  the  amount  of  the  meter 
deflection. 

In  this  particular  set,  the 
frequency  shift  is  .30  kHz  per 
division  of  the  meter.  To 
calculate  how  far  off  zero  a 
station  is,  merely  count  the 
number  of  divisions  above  or 
below  the  zero  center 
position  that  the  meter 
indicates  and  multiply  this  by 
,30  kHz.  As  the  frequency 
shift  per  division  can  vary 
from  set  to  set,  it's  a  good 
idea  to  check  your  own 
calibration. 

Another  useful  application 


AUDIO 


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IC 
102 


Nil* 


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fhi2 


SOUEL.CH 


Fig.  L  Discriminator  circuit 


for  the  discriminator  output 
is  to  check  the  modulation 
(deviation)  of  received 
signals.  To  do  this,  connect 
an  ac  scope  input  across 
terminals  3  and  4.  Set  the 
sweep  frequency  to  a  low 
value  and  observe  the 
modulation  peaks  on  the 
scope.  Set  the  vertical  gain 
control  so  that  a  normal 
signal  deflects  the  scope  to 
some  convenient  height.  Now, 
as  other  stations  come 
through  you  can  tell  whether 
their  modulation  is  excessive 
or  too  low.  This  same  hookup 
can  also  be  used  to  set  the 
level  of  a  Touchtone  pad. 
Have  the  operator  of  the 
station  that  you  are  checking 
whistle  into  his  microphone, 
and  observe  the  height  of  the 
scope  pattern.  Now  have  him 
press  one  of  the  buttons  of 
his  pad  and  adjust  the  output 
level  control  for  the  same 
deviation  as  produced  by 
whistling.  Although  this  may 
not      be      the     optimum 


adjustment,     it     is     a    good 
starting  point. 

When  not  using  the 
discriminator  for  any  other 
purpose,  it  can  be  left 
connected  to  the  AUX  input 
of  a  cassette  recorder.  Now 
anytime  that  you  wish  to 
record  an  incoming  signal, 
merely  start  up  the  recorder 
and  adjust  the  record  level 
control  for  proper  opcrjtion. 
The  volume  control  and  tone 
controls  of  the  receiver  will 
have  no  effect  on  the  discrim- 
inator, so  it  can  be  set  to 
please  yourself.  There  are 
many  other  uses  for  the 
discriminator  output  on  a 
receiver,  but  only  a  few  have 
been  mentioned,  just  to  start 
the  mind  working.  ■ 


o 

0 
■o 


I 
z 
1 

4 


rtj    rf? 


Fig.  Z  Terminal  connections. 


101 


J.  K.  Bach  WB2PAP 
Ivy  HUl  Road 
Watden  NY  12586 


The  Phantom  Exposed 

-  -  everything  about  crosstalk 

on  Ma  Bell's  lines 


By  FCC  regulations, 
phone  patchers  must  be 
careful  to  avoid  high  levels 
when  they  connect  to  tele- 
phone lines.  There  seems  to 
be  a  point  where  the  effects 
boil  over,  but  a  little  less 
makes  no  trouble  at  all.  Some 
of  us  know  that  it  is  crosstalk 
that  bothers  Ma  Bell  and  the 
FCC,  and  this  must  all  come 
from  the  conductors  in  the 
cable.  So  why  is  this  effect  so 
abrupt?  For  that  matter,  why 
crosstalk  at  all?  Hasn't  Ma 
Betl  heard  of  twisting  wires  to 
eliminate  coupling,  and  of 
coax? 

Yes  indeed,  she  has.  In 
fact,  the  old  girl  invented 
these  and  a  lot  else  besides. 
Trouble  is,  no  method  elim- 
inates crosstalk;  at  best,  it 
reduces  it  to  a  tolerable  level. 
And  nowadays,  "tolerable"  is 
the  best  you  can  afford,  the 
"state  of  the  art." 

Fig.  1  shows  the  classic  old 
farmer's  line,  the  sitigle  wire 
working  against  ground.  It 
works  up  to  several  miles,  so 
long  as  it  is  the  only  circuit 
on  the  pole  line.  Of  course,  it 


is  a  good  antenna  too,  and 
how  many  times  has  it  been 
used  as  one!  tt  picks  up  static 
and  power  hum  on  a  clear 
day,  and  you  can  hear  a 
storm  coming  while  it  is  miles 
off, 

Fig.  2  is  the  classic  "full 
metallic"  line*  Both  con- 
ductors are  above  ground, 
both  literally  and  electrically. 
The  center  tap  of  the  line 
transformers,  or  "line  coils," 
may  be  center  lapped  with 
the  center  tap  grounded  or 
not.  In  any  case,  there  will  be 
lightning  arrestors  which 
offer  a  breakdown  path  to 
ground.  Even  on  a  clear  day, 
a  long  insulated  line  may  pick 
up  several  hundred  volts  of 
static  charge.  Ask  any  line- 
man! The  signal  is  "push- 
pull"  so  that  the  two  wires  of 
the  pair  are  always  opposite 
phase. 

Static  and  induction  affect 
both  wires  in  phase,  and 
cancel  out  in  the  windings  of 
the  terminating  transformers. 
That  is,  they  affect  both 
wires  equally  if  the  source  of 
the  interfering  field  is  some 


-315 


2|E 


Fig.  Jt 


little  distance  away,  such  as  a 
paralleling  power  line.  But 
string  another  pair  of  wires 
on  the  same  cross-arm,  and 
the  coupling  between  them  is 
both  much  closer  and  much 
less  balanced,  as  is  shown  in 
Fig.  3. 

Simple  Balance  Scheme 

Fig.  4  shows  a  simple 
balancing  scheme  I  have  seen 
used  by  some  radio  stations, 
when  they  want  to  run  two 
transmission  lines  together. 
The  pair  numbers  are  1-2  and 
3-4  and  they  share  a  common 
center  point.  If  you  made  up 
two  lines  with  ribbon  leads, 
you  would  have  to  split  the 
pairs  so  that  wires  1  and  3 
were  in  one  ribbon  and  2  and 
4  in  the  other.  The  spacing 
would  have  to  be  close  and 
critical,  so  that  ribbon  lead  is 
not  practical.  These  lines  are 
always  open  wire  ones.  But  it 
does  work.  Notice  the  bridge 
symmetry  of  the  capacity 
couplings. 

Transpositions 

Un  transposed  tines  are 
good  for  a  mile  or  two.  After 
that,  you  can't  tell  which  line 
is  being  talked  on  —  you  hear 
either  or  both  nearly  equally 
well.  They  are  still  balanced 
so  far  as  static  and  line  hum 
are  concerned,  but  violently 


unbalanced  for  the  adjacent 
pair.  Only  one  wire  working 
against  ground  would  be 
worse. 

Fig.  5  is  what  we  do  about 
it.  At  the  middle,  you  just 
interchange  the  wires  on  one 
pair,  and  immediately  you're 
in  business!  Wire  3  is  close  to 
2  for  half  its  section,  and  4  is 
close  for  the  other  half.  3  and 
4  are  out  of  phase,  so  the 
inductive  effect  cancels.  Of 
course,  3  and  4  couple  to 
wire  1  also  -  the  coupling  is 
less,  but  present,  and  cancels 
with  it  in  the  same  way.  The 
net  result  is,  no  crosstalk. 
Swell!  Our  telephone  plant  is 
growing,  so  let's  add  another 
pair,  5-6.  Immediately,  we're 
in  trouble;  If  we  transpose  it, 
it  will  crosstalk  with  3-4,  and 
if  we  don't,  it  will  crosstalk 
with  1-2. 

The  Transposition  Plan 

If  Fig.  5  worked  once, 
maybe  it  will  again.  Let's 
transpose  5-6  in  the  middle, 
so  it  won't  couple  to  1-2,  and 
then  transpose  each  half 
again,  to  break  up  the 
coupling  with  3-4,  which 
gives  us  Fig.  6.  Now  we're  in 
business  -  until  we  add  7-8.  If 
1-2  has  no  transpositions,  3-4 
has  one,  and  5-6  has  three,  it 
would  seem  that  7-8  would 
need  seven.  And  that's 
exactly  right.  And  by  the 
time  you  got  up  to  a  full 
forty  wire  line,  the  whole 
scheme  would  be  quite 
impossible  -  you'd  have  to 
transpose  wires  in  the  middle 
of  the  span.  Oh  yes,  this  has 
been  done,  too,  but  not  for 
this  reason. 

The  Phantom  Group 

No  communication 
business  ever  has  enough 
circuits.  Ma  Bell  came  up 
with  a  good  trick  generations 
ago  —  the  phantom  circuit, 
Fig,  8.  Just  connect  an  extra 
pair  of  line  coils  to  the  center 
taps  of  the  1*2  and  3-4  coils, 
and  you  get  a  third  circuit, 


a§ 


A 


PC 


*■ 


4 

•2 


Fig.  2. 


Fig.  3. 


102 


39 — ^h—9* 


Fig.  4, 

practically  for  free  —  three 
circuits  on  four  wires.  By 
means  of  the  center  taps,  the 
phantom  circuit  uses  1-2  (side 
1 )  in  parallel  as  one  wire,  and 
3-4  (side  2)  as  the  other 
parallel  wires.  It  is  called 
"phantom"  because  you  can't 
see  any  wires  for  the  third 
circuit. 

Ghost 

The  old  girl  got  carried 
away  for  a  time  with  the 
phantom  idea.  Here  was 
another  center  tap  on  the 
phantom  coil  —  why  not  go 
further  and  make  a  phantom 
of  the  phantom?  It  actually 
worked,  and  the  "ghost"  was 
born.  Now  you  could  get 
seven  circuits  on  eight  wires- 
Trouble  was,  the  ghost  circuit 
worked  only  an  alternate 
Tuesdays  -  it  was  always  too 
wet  or  too  warm  or  too  some- 
thing, and  they  were  the  devil 
to  keep  balanced,  So  the 
ghost  was  soon  kicked  out 
and  the  standard  became  a 
number  of  phantom  groups. 

Phantom    Group    Transposi- 
tions 

It  may  have  occurred  to 
you  that,  with  two  wires  of  a 
side  circuit  used  in  parallel 
for  one  side  of  the  phantom, 
transpositions  in  the  side 
would  become  ineffective  so 
far  as  other  phantoms  were 
concerned.  And  that  is 
exactly  right.  Fig.  9  was 
developed  to  cope  with  this 
effect  —  you  just  swapped  the 
pair  position  bodily  with  its 
mate,  which  transposed  the 
phantom  fust  as  a  side  would 
be  transposed.  But  the  solu- 
tion worked  for  more  than 
just  the  phantom  group.  By 


transposing  the  whole 
business  in  this  way,  the 
whole  transposition  plan  was 
greatly  simplified.  Remember 
that  it  began  to  look  as  if  the 
highest-numbered  pair  would 
turn  out  to  be  a  continuous 
spiral,  with  hundreds  or  even 
thousands  of  transpositions  in 
it?  Every  time  you  added  a 
pair,  it  had b to  have  nearly 
double  the  number  of  trans- 
positions in  it.  Now  you  can 
divide  your  pole  line  into 
phantom  groups  and  just 
transpose  them.  This  is  one 
case  where  the  solution  over* 
shadowed  the  problem! 

So  far,  we  have  four  main 
types  of  transpositions.  These 
are:  Type  1  which  turns  over 
the  low  numbered  side;  Type 
2,  for  the  high  numbered 
side;  Type  3,  which  trans- 
poses the  phantom;  and  Type 
4(  which  transposes  both 
sides  and  the  phantom  at  the 
same  point  (Fig.  10). 

Mules 

Pole  lines  are  installed  by 
construction  gangs,  a  group 
of  non-sissies  under  the 
leadership  of  a  gang  foreman, 
who  is  no  sissy  himself. 
Remember  that  these  men 
haul  poles  around  and  string 
wires  on  them  over  rough 
country,  which  takes  rough 
men.  The  wires  themselves 
are  more  like  hard-drawn 
copper  rods;  the  smallest  is 
1/10  inch  in  diameter  and  the 
largest  is  about  1/6  inch. 
The  linemen  delight  in  getting 
some  engineering  type  to  try 
cutting  the  wire  with  pliers. 
The  men  cut  the  wire  snip- 
snip-snip  like  cutting  toenails, 
and  the  indoors  type  can't 
even  nick  it.  It  teaches  him 
who  he  is  dealing  with  and 
saves  trouble  all  around. 

Such  wire  is  very  heavy 
and,  in  most  cases,  four  reels 
of  wire  were  hitched  to  a 
mule,  who  was  as  tough  as 
any  of  the  men.  He  pulled  the 


a- 
2 


X 


3 
4 

Z 

i 


Fig.  5. 




— -i 

1                                                                                                                                     ■— 

X 

^ 

j 

6 

y 

* 

* 

5 

Fig.  6. 


wire  off  the  reels  while  the 
men  kept  it  from  tangling  and 
got  it  up  on  the  cross-arms 
and  later  tied  it  to  the  insula- 
tors. They  had  to  "cut1'  the 
transpositions  at  certain  pole 
numbers,  according  to  plan, 
as  shown  on  a  big  blueprint. 
Mules  are  far  from  stupid, 
and  they  soon  caught  on  to 
what  was  going  on.  Entering 
into  the  spirit  of  the  thing, 
the  mule  would  cock  his  eye 
at  the  pole  and  recognize  it  as 
a  Type  4  transposition  point. 
Then  he  would  lie  down,  roll 
over,  and  get  up,  thus  cutting 
his  own  Type  4  without 
human  help.  Many  linemen 
have  told  me  this,  with  per- 
fectly serious  faces,  and  who 
in  his  right  mind  would  doubt 
the  probity  of  a  man  who  can 
hike  a  pole  faster  than  you 
can  climb  stairs,  with  a 
hundred  pounds,  more  or 
less,  of  tools  hung  on  his  belt! 
Not  me! 

Foremen 

In  fact,  back  at  the  hotel 
or  boarding  house,  there  were 
frequent  arguments  about 
who  was  smarter,  the  mule  or 
the  foreman.  Surprisingly,  the 
foreman  had  his  champions, 
too.  Maybe  out  of  sheer 
loyalty,  maybe  just  to  keep 
the  argument  going  —  what 
else  is  there  to  do  in  a 
strange,  small  town  at  night? 

Carrier 

Up  to  this  point,  we  have 
ignored  Fig,  7,  but  now  the 
story   has   caught   up   to   it. 


When  you  run  out  of  circuits, 

the  obvious  thing  is  to  build 
another  pole  line.  This  calls 
for  another  right-of-way  and 
many  times  this  is  impractical 
or  impossible.  Just  after  WW 
I,  Carrier  Telephony  was  in- 
vented by  Major  General 
Squires  of  the  Signal  Corps. 
Or  at  least  one  variety  of  it 
was*  He  liked  the  high  fre- 
quencies and  one  wire,  while 
Ma  Bell  used  two  and  fre- 
quencies between  7  kHz  and 
20  kHz  or  thereabouts,  for 
her  A,  B,  and  the  good  old 
C-iype  carriers.  The  C  lasted 
for  a  couple  of  generations  — 
about  as  long  as  open  wire 
lasted  —  and  was  an  excellent 
system.  On  a  phantom  group 
that  already  carried  three 
voice  circuits,  you  could  get 
an  additional  six  with  two  C 
systems.  This  effectively 
doubled  the  capacity  of  the 
lines,  at  minimal  costs. 

Trouble 

This  unsolved  the  trans- 
position problem,  however. 
Fig.  7  shows  why:  The  sine 
wave  is  an  interfering  carrier 
signal.  It  does  not  affect  the 
lower  side  circuit  1-2  because 
as  the  phase  reverses,  it  in- 
duces alternate  plus  and 
minus  charges  which  cancel. 
But  at  the  same  time,  it 
induces  a  plus  charge  on  3 
and  a  minus  on  4,  because  the 
line  transposed  at  the  same 
point  the  sine  wave  went 
through  zero,  and  the  charges 
induced  added  in  phase  in- 
stead of  canceling.  There  was 


4' 

3 

Z 


X 


3 

4 
2 


D 


5 


DIL_ 

met 


SIDE  l 


PHANTOM 


SIDE  2 


I 


c 


t 


}\\r 


Fig.  7, 


Fig,  8. 


103 


nothing  for  it  but  to  re  trans- 
pose the  whole  blooming 
shooting-match,  which  was 
costly  and  a  lot  of  trouble, 
but  the  only  way  out.  Carrier 
transpositions  are  just  like  the 
others,  but  are  many  times  as 
often.  The  idea  is  to  get 
several  transpositions  along 
just  one  of  the  highest  carrier 
wavelengths.  This  means 
every  pole  or  two. 

Beacon  Mountain 

Across  the  river  from  New- 
burgh,  New  York,  lies  Beacon 
Mountain,  At  the  bottom  of 
the  mountain,  everyone  puts 
his  TV  antenna  on  the  highest 
mast  he  can  afford,  because  it 
is  a  fringe  area,  and  the  fringe 
is  marginal  at  that.  Halfway 
up  the  mountain,  however, 
the  antennas  are  mounted 
directly  on  the  roof,  or  even 
in  the  side  yard,  which  must 
be  an  eye-hazard  when 
mowing  the  lawn.  Up  near 
the  top  you  don't  see  any 
antennas  at  all.  Maybe  they 
bury  them  to  take  advantage 
of  the  ground  wave.  It 
wouldn't  surprise  me  any. 

But  under  the  crest,  where 
there  is  still  some  mountain 
left,  but  the  ground  is  nearly 
level,  the  TV  set  owners  have 
to    harvest  all    the   obstacle 


gain  they  can,  because  the 
mountain  seems  to  shadow 
more  at  this  point*  I  remem- 
ber one  installation  —  house 
backed  up  to  the  mountain, 
long  front  yard  extending, 
nearly  level,  away  from  it. 
Out  near  the  road,  a  couple 
of  hundred  feet  from  the 
house,  I  saw  a  grubby  old 
conical  antenna  mounted  on 
a  wooden  platform  which  had 
sled  runners  on  it.  Obviously, 
the  owner  had  hauled  it 
around  the  lawn  until  he 
picked  up  a  "commercial" 
signal*  He  used  an  ordinary 
ribbon  line,  supported  on 
what  looked  like  clothes- 
poles. 

Now  suppose  his  brother- 
in-law  had  moved  in,  complete 
with  TV?  He'd  get  the  oscil- 
lator from  the  other  TV  into 
his  own  as  sure  as  sin. 

Me,  I'd  leave  the  original 
line  alone  and  make  him 
twist  his  at  the  rate  of  a  turn 
in  two  feet  or  so  -  anything 
shorter  than  the  shortest  half 
wave  would  do.  Instead  of 
threatening  him  with  may- 
hem, I'd  just  mention  that 
the  spiral ing  effect  made  the 
signals  auger  their  way  into 
the  TV  set,  making  a  better 
picture.  No  argument  would 
be  necessary. 


Cable 

Open  wire  illustrates  the 
crosstalk  problem  and  its 
solution  as  nothing  else 
could,  but  cable  is  the  facility 
today.  AN  you  have  to  do  is 
twist  the  pairs  like  old* 
fashioned  lamp  cord  and  you 
can  forget  about  transpose 
tions,  isn't  that  right?  Isn't  it? 

No.  Cable  pairs  come  in 
phantom  groups  also,  but 
here  they  are  called  "quads." 
If  you  lay  two  twisted  wires 
together,  they  nestle  like 
spoons  and  you  wind  up  with 
a  swell  case  of  crosstalk.  So 
you  have  to  use  different 
twists  for  different  wires;  you 
have  to  twist  the  pairs  around 
each  other,  you  have  to  inter- 
leave the  quads,  you  have  to 
even  swap  layers  in  the  cable. 
A  cable  is  one  devil  of  a 
complex  thing!  And  always, 
no  matter  what,  there  is  a 
little  crosstalk  that  gets  in. 

If  the  average  level  of  the 
circuits  at  that  point  is,  say, 
minus  10  dBm  and  the  cross- 
talk is  minus  50,  you  can 
forget  it.  The  conversation 
will  drown  it  out  handily.  But 

if  the  crosstalk  comes  from  a 
pair  with  a  minus  7  instead  of 
minus  10  level  on  it,  three  dB 
high,  the  crosstalk  will  also  be 
three  dB  higher  and  you  can 
hear  it  —  just.  In  fact,  the 
residual  noise  you  hear  is 
mostly  the  babble  from  many 
circuits.  But  another  three  dB 
and  it  begins  to  be  serious. 

Hello 

The  English  word  "hello" 
can  be  recognized  when  no 
other  word  in  the  language 
can.  Telephone  men  can  let  a 
hello  go  by,  but  any  other 
crosstalk  that  can  be  under- 
stood requires  that  the  cross- 
talking  circuit  be  disabled. 
This  is  Telco  rules  and  FCC 
rules,  to  protect  privacy.  I 
have  even  cut  broadcast  lines 
when  I  heard  understandable 
crosstalk  on  them,  and  got 
away  with  it.  Ma  Bell  wasn't 
happy  about  it,  but  it  had  to 


be  done.  So  if  YOUR  line 
crosstalks  into  others,  it  will 
be  cut  too,  as  soon  as  Telco 
can  find  it.  You  won't  be 
reconnected  until  you  fix  the 
level. 

Coax 

Why  not  go  to  coax  and 
get  the  improved  shielding? 
Simply  because  coax  is  a  high 

frequency  line.  The  shielding 
works  at  frequencies  where 
skin  effect  is  important.  You 
have  cable  with  a  single 
outer  braid  where  flexibility 
is  important  and  crosstalk 
permits.  For  more  severe  con* 
ditions,  you  have  double 
braid  cable.  Next  is  solid 
tubing,  and  if  that  doesn't 
work,  move  it  somewhere 
else. 

Shielded  Pair 

You  don't  see  much  of  it, 
but  Telco  uses  a  lot  of  135 
Ohm  shielded  pair,  which  is 
operated  balanced  just  like 
cable  pairs  are.  It  is  especially 
effective  at  lower  frequencies. 
The  shield  is  grounded  at  one 
end,  usually,  but  maybe  at 
both  and  sometimes  in 
between.  You  have  to  in* 
sulate  the  shield,  then  ground 
it  at  a  point  where  ground 
potentials  are  least,  since 
ground  currents  goeth  where 
they  listeth  and  no  man 
knoweth  where  that  ith. 
Sometimes  you're  better  off 
letting  the  shield  float;  you 
just  have  to  stay  loose  and  see 
what  works  best. 

Some  preamps  have  to  be 
laid  out  with  the  output  next 
to  the  input,  usually  to  match 
other  equipment  or  to  pick 
up  the  connector,  or  for  some 
engineering  but  non-theory 
reason.  Here  you  have  to  use 
a  solid  tube,  with  either  a 
coax  wire  or  even  a  balanced 
pair  in  it,  to  take  the  output 
back  to  the  connector.  Just 
like  anything  else,  you  just  do 
the  best  you  can  with  what 
you  have.  But  isn't  that 
where  it's  at?  ■ 


4- 

3 

2 


£ 


4 
3 


4 
2 


■2 

■3 
-4 


Fig.  9. 


Fig.  10. 


104 


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Most  of  my  rag  chewing 
is  done  with  hams  in 

the  States  and  the  most  com- 
mon subject  is,  "What  do  you 
do  when  you  retire  and  where 
do  you  do  ft?"  We  usually  get 
started  when  the  stateside 
fellow  says,  "Uh,  you  sound 
like  an  American;  I  mean  like 
you're  from  the  States.  What 
are  you  doing  down  there? 
Maybe  in  the  copper  mines  or 
in  the  oil  business?  Or  a 
missionary?" 

"Pm  retired,  old  man;  I 
came  down  here  to  live  over 
four  years  ago,  in  July  of 
1972/'  That  usually  brings  on 
some  other  questions:  "Well, 
say  now,  that's  Interesting. 
Do  you  have  friends  down 
there?  What  made  you  pick 
Peru?"  Now  that  i  know  the 
man  is  interested  and  not  just 
making  conversation,  I  give 
him  the  details. 

My  wife  and  I  went  to 
Africa,  to  Ethiopia,  in  1952, 
and  1  built  a  31  meter  broad- 
cast studio  for  Haile  Selassie. 


I  had  the  privilege  of  being  on 
the  air  as  ET3GB  most  of  the 
seven  years  we  were  there.  We 
loved  Addis  Ababa,  high  up 
in  the  mountains  and  with  all 
the  tropical  fruit  you  could 
eat  in  the  greatest  variety. 
Living  was  cheap  there  in 
those  days.  We  always  said 
that  if  we  could  afford  it 
when  I  retired,  we'd  go  back. 
But  when  the  time  came,  our 
three  children  (all  born  in 
Addis  Ababa,  by  the  way) 
were  getting  old  enough  to 
think  about  getting  married 
and  we  hated  to  go  so  far 
from  the  States,  (The  girl  is 
married;  the  boys  are  still 
thinking.)  So,  we  decided  to 
go  to  South  America,  even  if 
it  meant  learning  another  lan- 
guage, I  was  53  and  the  XYL 
54,  We  had  friends  in  Quito, 
Ecuador  and  Arequipa,  Peru. 
We  wrote  several  letters  to 
both  places  and  finally  chose 
Arequipa. 

Does  that   mean    that  we 
"just  went  down  there" ?  Yes, 


it  does.  And  no,  I  did  not  fly 
down  first  or  visit  first  and 
find  out  about  Arequipa*  I 
trusted  my  friends  and  read 
everything  I  could  find  in  the 
library  in  Wichita,  Kansas, 
Then  we  had  a  garage  sale, 
sold  off  everything  we  could, 
and  gave  away  the  rest.  What 
we  couldn't  part  with  we  put 
in  six  (six!)  big  crates  and 
shipped  them  down  by  sea; 
we  got  on  a  plane  and  flew  to 
Arequipa,  Admittedly,  that  is 
not  the  way  I  would  recom- 
mend to  someone  who  has 
never  lived  in  a  foreign 
country.  But  we  had  lived  in 
Ethiopia  for  seven  years  and 
we  knew  there  is  only  one 
United  States  of  America. 
Those  who  expect  to  go  to  a 
foreign  country  and  find  con- 
ditions just  like  those  in  their 
own  neighborhood  are  in  for 
a  shock.  But  the  surprises  can 
be  nice  pleasant  tingling 
sensations,  too. 

"How's  the  weather  down 
there?"  Well,  friend,  we  have 


Retire  to  a 
Ham  Heaven 


-  -  how  to  go  on  a 
permanent  DXpedition 


George  Btumley  K0WTM/QA6CV 
Apanado  825 
Arequipa,  Peru 


the  weather  that  California 
and  Florida  brag  about;  sun 
every  day,  1 1  hovers  around 
65  degrees  day  in  and  day  out 
and  doesn't  vary  more  than 
about  10  degrees  from  the 
hottest  to  the  coolest  of  the 
day.  Arequipa  is  about  8,000 
feet  up  in  the  mountains  in 
the  desert  part  of  the  Andes. 
A  lot  of  people  have  loved 
this  place;  the  city  is  about 
450  years  otd  and  has  one  of 
the  oldest  universities  in  this 
part  of  the  world.  The  sun 
gets  a  little  hot  during  the 
day,  but  just  walk  over  to  the 
shady  side  of  the  street;  a  bit 
of  breeze  will  bebfowingand 
you'll  almost  feel  as  though 
you  had  walked  into  an  air- 
conditioned  store.  Most  of 
the  natives  carry  or  wear  a 
light  sweater.  Use  it  if  you 
have  to  stay  in  the  shade  and 
take  it  off  if  you're  in  the 
sun.  The  poncho  is  very 
popular,  of  course. 

With  the  population  explo- 
sion, housing  can  be  a  prob- 
lem, but  we  do  very  well.  A 
friend  owns  a  huge  house 
here  but  is  living  and  working 
in  the  States,  We  have  six 
bedrooms,  a  small  fruit  or- 
chard, and  a  private  swim- 
ming pool.  The  roof  is  a  huge 
place,  and  that's  where  I  have 
my  beam,  of  course-  It's  easy 
to  let  down  and  play  with. 
It's  on  a  telescoping  mast. 
The  rent?  Please  don't  cry  .  .  . 
it's  less  than  $100  and  I  cant 
tell  you  how  much  less  but  I 
don't  mean  what  the  adver- 
tising people  do  ($99,95)1 
And  no  ...  we  didn't  know 
about  this  house  deal  until  we 
got  down  here. 

Those  who  have  had  diplo- 
matic or  military  assignments 
overseas  and  are  used  to  eat- 
ing out  of  the  commissary 
should  be  careful  about  going 
to  a  foreign  country  to  live 
on  their  own.  Ii  ain't  the 
same!  And  those  housewives 
whose  main  kitchen  tool  is  a 
can  opener  will  soon  find 
themselves  asking  for  a  bigger 
food  budget.  Canned  food  is 
high  and  there  are  no  TV 
dinners.  But  those  who  like 
to  cook  from  scratch  will  find 
plenty  of  "scratch."  Most 
foreign     housewives    go     to 


106 


*CXP 


"♦WJi-WL 


The  author  with  more  than  J 00  QSLs.  About  J 50  countries 

are  confirmed,  but  some  of  the  rare  ones  insist  on  sending  odd 
size  cards  that  won  7  fit  the  plastic  holders. 


market  every  day  and  bring 
home  fresh  fruits  and  vegeta- 
bles to  cook.  This  is  what  the 
French  cooks  emphasize  and 
they  are  supposed  to  be  the 
best  in  the  world.  We  have 
everything  to  cat  the  North 
American  has,  besides  all  the 
delicious  fruits  of  the  tropics 
such  as  papaya,  mango,  guava 
and  delicious  bananas  ripened 
on  the  tree.  You  wouldn't 
believe  these  after  eating 
those  picked  green  and  al- 
lowed to  ripen  white  on  their 
way  north. 

Although  there  is  TV  in  all 
the  world,  we  have  been 
weaned  because  all  the  pro- 
grams are,  naturally,  present- 
ed in  Spanish,  So  when  the 
band  folds,  we  read  or  play 
cards  or  devefop  pictures  or 
generally  enjoy  ourselves  as  in 
the  old-fashioned  pre-TV 
days.  However,  many  of  the 
TV  serials  from  the  States  are 
presented  here  with  Spanish 
dubbed  in*  It's  a  way  to  learn 
Spanish  if  you're  a  real  TV 
fan.  My  youngest  son  is  a  TV 
fan  and  now  speaks  such 
good  Spanish  and  did  after 
only  a  couple  of  years  that 
his  young  Peruvian  friends 
sometimes  ask  him,  "What 
part   of  Arequipa   were   you 


born  in  that  I  haven't  met 
you  before?1'  Or,  "Your 
mother's  Peruvian,  isn't  she?" 
Well,  "Then  your  father  is 
from  Peru?"  No,  he  was  14 
when  he  came  down  here  and 
he  speaks  Spanish  in  a  perfect 
Peruvian  way,  absolutely 
idiomatically.  But  if  there 
isn't  an  unusually  interesting 
program  on  and  we  are  tired 
of  cards  and  reading,  we  go  to 
a  movie.  It  seems  that  at  least 
half  of  the  movies  are  from 
the  States  and  in  English. 
And  the  most  expensive  ones 
are  less  than  a  dollar  and  the 
cheapest  a  fourth  of  that. 

As  you  may  know,  the  US 
has  reciprocal  amateur  radio 
agreements  with  dozens  of 
countries  and  Peru  is  one  of 
them.  There  probably  will  be 
more  in  the  future  since  the 
obtaining  of  a  license  in  the 
States  by  foreigners  has  been 
simplified  and  made  more 
liberal.  To  get  a  license  down 
here  (and  in  most  foreign 
countries,  that  is),  you  should 
have  your  own  original  li- 
cense from  the  States  and 
about  a  dozen  photocopies. 
The  process  may  take  three 
months,  but  the  speed  with 
which  most  Americans  get 
their    ticket    from    the    FCC 


3 


x*-e 


• 


The  XYL,  Lucille,  likes  living  in  a  foreign  country,  too.  She 
/ikes  all  the  pretty  stamps  I  get  on  DX  QSLs. 


leaves  us  little  room  to 
grumble.  You'll  also  need  a 
passport  and  usually  some 
other  papers  which  you  can 
only  obtain  after  you  get 
there  —  a  police  certificate, 
for  example,  showing  that 
you  actually  reside  at  a  cer- 
tain address.  You  need  all  of 
this  if  you  plan  to  stay  in 
South  America  for  any  length 
of  time  and  operate.  If  you're 
just  flying  down,  the  best 
thing  to  do  is  write  to  the 
radio  club  in  the  capital  of 
the  country  you  plan  to  visit 
and  ask  them  to  help  you  get 
a  temporary  license.  Write  at 
least  three  months  before  you 
plan  to  leave  and  send  along 
some  IRCs.  You'll  get  some 
forms  back  in  a  language  you 
won't  understand,  but  then 
how  many  of  us  can  under- 
stand the  forms  Uncle  Sam 
spews  out  at  us  every  week? 
Don't  we  usually  have  to  take 
them  to  some  office  and  get 
official  help?  So  when  you 
get  the  forms  back  from  the 
foreign  radio  club,  take  them 
to  your  friendly  high  school 
language  teacher  and  let  her 
put  her  ability  in  the  language 
to  a  real  test.  Fill  out  the 
forms  with  the  help  of  the 
teacher  or  someone  else  quali- 
fied  to   understand   the   Ian* 


guage  and  send  them  off  with 
the  required  fee,  This  means 
an  international  money  order, 
not  your  personal  check. 

Sometimes  you  get  a  nice 
surprise.  I  did  everything  out- 
lined in  the  previous  para- 
graph but  didn't  get  a  reply 
before  I  planned  to  leave,  so 
...  I  just  said  "Get  on  board, 
li'l  children"  and  we  flew 
down  anyway.  When  I  got  to 
Lima  I  managed  to  find  the 
man  who  was  handling  the 
amateur  licensing  and  he 
personally  typed  out  a 
temporary  license  for 
K0WTM/OA6.  So,  I  could  get 
on  the  air  immediately.  Only 
one  little  problem:  I  couldn't 
get  my  gear  out  of  customs 
and  didn't  get  it  out  until  the 
temporary  had  expired  some 
90  days  later.  But  there  is  an 
arrangement  now  to  prevent 
such  tragedies.  You  write  to 
CARNET  BUREAU,  United 
States  Council  of  the  Interna- 
tional Chamber  of  Com- 
merce1  1212  Avenue  of  the 
Americas,  New  York  NY 
10036,  The  CARNET  (pro- 
nounced kar-nay)  is  a  little 
paper  like  a  passport  or  vac- 
cination certificate  for  your 
ham  gear.  So  when  you  get  to 
the  foreign  port  of  entry,  the 
customs  man  takes  a  look  at 


107 


Cleaning  up  the  dishes  after  a  cookout  on  the  patio  is  no 
trouble  at  a/1  if  you  have  a  "dishwasher. "  Our  maid  costs  less 
than  the  automatic  model  you  use. 


your  little  GARNET  and 
looks  at  your  equipment  and 
you  walk  right  or*  in.  At  least 

that's  the  way  it's  supposed 
to  work.  The  GARNET  is 
good  in  30  countries  and  with 


it  you  aren't  suppose  to  pay 
customs  or  post  a  bond  to 
lake  your  equipmeni  into  a 
country  temporarily. 

What   kind   of  equipment 
you     take    to    your    foreign 


hideaway     retirement     place 
will  depend  on  a  lot  of  fac- 
tors, like  money  and  what  do 
you  have  now.  When  I  knew  I 
was   coming  to  Arequipa,   I 
sold  a  perfectly  good  Swan 
500  so  1  could  get  a  Heathkit 
SB- 102.  Not  that  one  is  bet- 
ter   than    the    other,    but    I 
wanted  to  know  as  much  as 
possible  about  the  rig  I  was 
going  to  depend  on  for  my 
hamming.  If  a  rig  develops  a 
problem,  it  is  very  probable 
that  you  are  going  to  be  the 
one  to  fix  it.  Sending  it  out 
of   the   country    to   have    it 
repaired    will    drive   you    to 
drinking    . ,.     the     customs 
hassles  are  unbelievable.  And 
forget  that  "send  in  the  card 
that's  bad"  bit,  too.  If  every- 
thing goes  well  and  a  friend 
hand-carries  the  card  to  the 
States    and    another    friend 
hand-carries  it  back,  you  still 
might  be  off  the  air  a  couple 
of  months.  So  know  as  much 
as    you    can    about    the   rig 
you're    going    to    be    using. 
While  we're  talking  about  it, 
remember  such  simple  things 
as  voltages  and  line  current 
frequencies.  The  rig  should  be 
able  to  work  on  220  as  well 


/ 


Vm  currently  using  a  2  element  triband  yagi.  What  looks  tike  a  middle  element  is  the  coax  from 
my  80-40  doublet. 


as  117  and  on  50  as  wetl  as 
60  Hertz.  And  that  "220" 
may  well  be  as  low  as  190  or 
as  high  as  250,  so  keep  that  in 
mind;  too.  You  need  a  rig 
that's  not  fussy  about  what  it 
feeds  on. 

A  linear  is  nice  but  most 
people  in  the  world  donfl  use 
one  ...  as  a  matter  of  factp 
most  hams  are  limited  to  less 
power.  You  won't  find  it  a 
big  disadvantage  if  you  don't 
have  one  or  can't  afford   to 
bring  one  along.  But  you  will 
need     a    good    antenna.     In 
South     America,     in     many 
countries,    the    houses    have 
flat  roofs,  I  can't  resist  trying 
out  beams  when  they  are  so 
easy    to    get    to.    I    built    a 
homemade  3  element,  3  band 
quad  and  put  it  up  on  two  10 
foot  sections  of  TV  antenna 
tubing  I  bought  locally.  For  a 
motor  t  have  a  big  heavy  Ham 
M.  But  though  there  is  a  little 
breeze   most  of  the  time  in 
Arequipa,  strong  winds  are  a 
rarity  and  1  never  had  a  hit  ul 
trouble  with  it.  And  what  a 
joy  to  put  the  swr  meter  at 
the  right  end  of  the  coax  or 
use  the  grid  dip  meter  where 
you  should  use  it  ...  right  at 
the  antenna.  Yes,   I   brought 
those  two  simple  instruments 
and    an   old   Simpson   along. 
The  grid  dtp  meter  is  the  first 
of  that   kind   of  instrument 
that  Heath  brought  out  years 
ago.  The  tube  in  it  has  never 
been    changed    though     IVe 
shocked  the  daylights  out  of 
it  a  time  or  two.  It's  made  for 
use  on  117  volts,  but  twice 
I've  plugged  into  220  and  was 
intently      measuring     away 
when    I   realized  what    I  had 
done. 

You'd  better  bring  along 
your  own  coax.  You  can  get 
wire  and  insulators  and  you 
can  find  someone  who  can 
weld  together  TV  antenna 
tubing  for  a  boom  and  mast 
for  a  quad,  if  that's  your 
taste,  but  as  for  a  balun  and 
coax  —  better  bring  your 
own.  If  you  have  a  12AVQ, 
you  might  enjoy  that.  I 
brought  a  14AVQ,  but  the  40 
meter  band  in  South  America 
is  shared  by  myriads  of  short- 
wave broadcast  stations  and  it 
takes   a   lot  of  courage  and 


108 


peculiar  ears  to  separate  the 
hams  from  all  the  crud  on  top 
of  them.  The  old  vertical 
works  pretty  well  on  15  and 
20  and  I've  had  some  use  out 
of  it  on  10.  The  75  meter 
band  down  here  has  a  high 
noise  level  ...  as  far  as  I'm 
concerned.  The  S-meler 
needle  is  usually  right  up 
there  at  S-9.  However t  t  have 
a  75  meter  dipole  up  and  I 
tune  across  the  band  from 
time  to  time.  Once  in  a  while, 
fantastic  things  happen.  I 
worked  Iceland  and  South 
Africa  within  15  minutes  of 
each  other  one  night.  I  often 
hear  stateside  signals,  but 
you'd  be  surprised  at  how 
few  people  are  interested  in 
listening  for  a  weak  DX  signal 
on  75  or  40,  A  linear  on 
those  bands  is  a  real  help. 

But  on  15  and  20  you  can 
find  lots  of  DX  and  have  all 
the  fun  a  retired  ham's  heart 
can  stand.  Assuming  that,  as 
an  American,  English  is  your 
native  language,  you II  find 
that  is  a  big  advantage.  Most 
of  the  DX  stations  will  be 
speaking  English  and  if  you'll 
learn  to  speak  slowly  and 
very  distinctly  ,  .  ,  even  exag- 
gerate the  pronunciation  of 
the  syllables  . .  ,  youll  find 
that  you'll  work  lots  of  DX. 
(This  will  make  up  for  that 
lost  feeling  the  first  few 
months  when  you  go  shop- 
ping and  find  that  people 
look  at  you  uncomprehend- 
ing! y  when  you  try  some  of 
those  carefully  rehearsed 
phrases  on  them.)  And  work- 
ing the  DX  is  just  the  first 
part,  of  course.  You  won't 
have  to  beg  for  cards;  youll 
find  that  people  will  be  send- 
ing you  cards  with  IRCs  and 
begging  you  to  send  them  a 
QSL. 

And  you'll  learn  some 
other  things  about  QSLing. 
Some  guys  will  send  you  a 
card  via  the  "burro*1  and  will 
include  some  IRCs.  The  card 
will  finally  get  to  you  some 
six  months  later  but  it  won't 
be  in  the  envelope.  The  "bur- 
ro" will  have  opened  the 
envelope,  taken  out  the  IRCs, 
stamped  "Courtesy  such  and 
such  'burro1*1  on  the  QSL 
and  sent  it  along  with  a  lot  of 


A  cookout  given  for  a  group  of  commercial  radio  operators.  Many  are  showing  interest  in 
getting  on  the  air  for  fun  as  hams. 


others.  Perhaps  youll  never 
know  the  card  was  sent  air- 
mail or  that  the  other  fellow 
sent  you  some  IRCs  unless  he 
mentions  it  on  the  card  he 
sent  you.  But  he  expects  to 
get  your  card  back  within  a 
month  or  so.  It  doesn't  work 
that  way.  He's  probably 
swearing  at  you  when  he 
thinks  of  how  that  DX  sta- 


tion {you)  just  kept  his  IRCs 
and  didn't  send  a  card  back. 
So,  one  of  the  things  you  can 
truly  enjoy  when  hamming 
from  a  more  civilized  DX 
location  (rather  than  some 
uninhabited  rock)  is  sending 
back  QSL  cards.  I  always  say 
that  I  need  at  least  one  IRC 
to  send  a  card  back  airmail.  If 
you're  retired  and  do  much 


You're  looking  at  young  lamb  and  pork  bought  from  the 
Indians  out  in  the  hills.  The  grill  is  homemade  —  welded  in  a 
friend's  shop  from  scrap  he  gave  me.  Won't  you  come  down 
and  have  a  meal  with  us? 


hamming,  youll  go  broke  if 
you  try  to  pay  for  all  the 
cards.  Even  sea  mail  mounts 
up.  So  give  the  other  fellow 
your  mailing  address  (get  a 
PO  box  as  soon  as  possible) 
and  tell  him  for  quick  results, 
send  you  some  IRCs, 

Since  most  XYLs  are  not 
hams,  what  will  the  wife  be 
doing  while  you're  having  a 
ball  with  all  this  hamming? 
First  of  all,  let  me  say  that 
manyj  many  countries  in 
South  America  have  third 
party  agreements  with  the  US 
and  youll  be  rather  surprised 
at  the  interest  your  wife  will 
begin  to  show  in  hamming 
after  you  get  her  in  touch 
with  all  the  kids  and  perhaps 
some  relatives  or  friends  she 
hasn't  seen  or  written  or 
talked  to  on  the  phone  for 
years.  IVe  been  a  ham  since 
1938  and  my  wife  and  I  have 
been  married  for  almost  35 
years.  Hamming  has  always 
been  something  she  could 
definitely  leave  alone.  But 
now  she  often  says  to  mej 
"Why  don't  you  see  if  the 
band  is  open  to  the  States V* 
Or,  if  she  hears  me  talking  to 
someone    in    or   near  a  city 


109 


where  friends  live,  she  says, 
"Ask  the  man  if  he  has  a 
phone  patch."  The  way  most 
people  correspond  today  is 
not  by  letter  . . .  they'd  rather 
pay  a  five  dollar  phone  bill 
and  talk  to  you  personally 
than  to  take  thirty  minutes  or 
more  to  write  you  a  letter 
and  then  wait  a  month  for 
you  to  get  around  to  answer- 
ing and  have  it  get  to  you.  So, 
your  wife  is  going  to  be  much 
more  interested  in  hamming. 

But  what  else  can  she  do? 
Why  should  she  lei  you  drag 
her  off  to  Timbuktu?  If  she 
has  an  ounce  of  Mdo  good"  in 
her,  it  can  grow  to  full 
bloom.  A  nurse  or  a  nurse's 
aide  is  really  welcome  in  most 
of  the  so-called  "underdevel- 
oped" countries.  She  would 
be  welcome  in  most  any 
hospital,  and  though  there 
aren't  many  orphanages,  she 
would  be  welcome  there,  too. 
There's  nearly  always  an 
American  "Instituto  Cul- 
tural" run  by  the  US  State 
Department  and  teaching 
English  is  a  big  thing  with 
them.  She  won't  need  a 
teacher's  certificate  or  even  a 
high  school  education. 
They'll  be  so  glad  to  have  a 
"native  speaker"  that  they'll 
show  her  just  what  to  do  and 
put  her  to  doing  it  quickly. 

But  besides  what  she  can 
do  for  them  (it  really  is  more 
fun  to  give  than  to  receive, 
but  some  people  never  find 
that  out),  there  are  things  the 
South  Americans  can  do  for 
her.  There  are  usually  several 
shops  in  any  given  city  where 
guitars  are  hand  made.  They 
won't  took  as  shiny  and  fin- 
ished as  a  Gibson  or  Fender 
or  what  have  you,  but  you'll 
be  surprised  at  the  beautiful 
sound  they  can  produce. 
Haven't  you  always  wanted 
to  play  the  guitar?  Well, 
you'll  have  a  chance  for  les- 
sons two  or  three  times  a 
week  for  what  it  would  cost 
for  one  lesson  in  the  States. 
You  won't  learn  "cowboy" 
style  nor  "Beatle"  style  but 
remember,  it  was  the  Spanish 
who  invented  the  guitar.  You 
can  have  private  lessons  or 
join  a  class.  You II  be  practic- 
ing your  Spanish  and  having  a 


. 


'!!■■ 


OA6CV  admiring  some  new  QSLs  Just  in.  One  IRC  gets  you  an  airmail  QSL  in  the  States. 
Turn-around  is  usually  24  hours. 


lesson  at  the  same  time. 

Buying  dresses  off  a  rack  is 
not  so  popular  as  in  the 
States,  If  your  XYL  likes  to 
sew,  shell  find  plenty  of 
material,  though  she'd  better 
bring  her  own  sewing  ma- 
chine. Or  she  will  find  plenty 
of  people  who  can  just  take  a 
picture  of  the  latest  style  and 
turn  out  an  exact  copy  of  a 
"Paris  fashion11  from  it.  The 
beauty  shop  bill  will  drop  to 
next  to  nothing  . . .  or  maybe 
it  won't.  She'll  get  over  say- 
ing, "I  wish  1  could  afford  to 
get  my  hair  fixed  more 
often." 

You  thought  I  was  gping 
to  leave  out  your  aches  and 
pains,  didn't  you?  Well,  if 
you  Ye  truly  infirm,  you'd 
better  stay  home.  But  you 
can  get  good  medical  treat- 
ment in  any  large  city  in 
South  America  today.  And 
you'll  find  that  in  most  of 
them  there  is  a  doctor  who 
speaks  English  and  has  had 
some  training  in  the  States. 
Your  Blue  Cross  and  Blue 
Shield  won't  mean  a  thing 
down  here,  and  probably 
none  of  the  other  health 
insurance  schemes  will  cither. 


(Check,  if  it's  a  point  with 
you.)  But  on  the  other  hand, 
medical  service  is  so  cheap  in 
contrast  to  that  in  the  States 
that  what  you've  been  paying 
in  premiums  wilt  probably 
take  care  of  about  anything 
you  need.  You  might  even  be 
surprised  at  what  you  have 
left  over  from  the  money  you 
set  aside  for  medical  bills.  But 
if  you  need  a  special  diet  or 
special  foods  or  a  chiroprac- 
tor, better  stay  home.  On  the 
other  hand,  if  youYe  a  rea- 
sonably healthy  man  for  your 
age  and  have  no  unusual 
problems,  don't  miss  out  on 
all  the  fun  worrying  about 
what  you're  going  to  do  when 
you  need  a  doctor.  Have  a 
good  checkup  and  ask  your 
doctor  what  he  thinks  about 
your  leaving  the  States. 

What  about  education,  if 
you  still  have  some  children 
in  school?  My  daughter  had 
graduated,  but  my  two  sons 
were  still  in  high  school  when 
I  took  them  out  and  brought 
them  down  here.  What  is  edu- 
cation, anyway?  Isn't  it  sup- 
posed to  fit  you  for  life? 
While  we  were  uneasy  about 
it  at  the  time,  my  two  boys 


now  are  very  happy  I  brought 
them  down  here.  They  have 
learned  to  look  at  the  basics 
of  life  and  have  participated 
in  life  at  an  early  age.  They 
now  know  two  cultures.  They 
speak  Spanish  far,  far  better 
than  the  usual  high  school  or 
even  college  teacher  of  it, 
They  read  and  do  some 
studying  on  their  own  and 
when  they  went  back  for  a 
vacation  to  the  States,  they 
took  the  GED  examination 
and  now  have  the  equivalent 
of  a  high  school  diploma.  It 
they  want  to  go  to  college,  I 
feel  they  will  do  better  than 
jf  they  had  continued  on  in 
high  school  rather  than  come 
down  here.  It's  an  opinion,  of 
course, 

Part  of  the  fun  of  working 
DX  is  thinking  about  where 
the  ham  you  Ye  talking  to 
lives  and  how  it  would  be  to 
visit  or  live  there  yourself. 
But  I  can't  answer  all  the 
questions  or  discuss  all  the 
angles  even  if  Wayne  Green 
invited  me  to  expand  this 
into  a  "Handbook  For  The 
Retired  Ham  Who  Wants  to 
Go  THERE  And  Enjoy  the 
Next  Suns  pot  Cycle/1  But  if 


110 


you'll  send  me  your  questions 
and  doubts  and  a  check  for  a 
couple  of  bucks  to  pay  for 
the  stamps  and  a  cold  beer 
while  I'm  typing  out  my  com- 
ments, I'll  be  glad  to  help  if  I 
can.  To  travel  you'll  need  a 
valid  passport  and  getting  an 
International  Health  Certifi- 
cate Is  a  good  idea,  too.  They 
don't  ask  for  them  all  the 
time  any  more,  but  you  don't 
want  to  be  in  quarantine  even 
a  few  days.  So  get  it.  And 
you  might  want  to  drive,  so 
get   your  local  auto  club  to 


get  you  an  International  Driv- 
ing License.  They'll  do  it  even 
if  you  aren't  a  member.  And 
for  heaven's  sake,  get  that 
CARNET  for  your  equip- 
ment. You  do  want  to  ham, 
don't  you? 

Just  because  you've  been 
told  these  are  the  "golden" 
years,  it  doesn't  mean  that 
you  can  hoard  them.  The 
days  go  by  just  as  they  always 
have  and  what  matters  is 
what  you  do  with  these  years. 
If  you've  always  wanted  to 
ham  from  some  exotic  place 


I'd  be  glad  to  help  you  realize 
your  dream.  But  if  you  don't 
.  . .  I  don't  want  to  talk  you 
into  something  you'll  regret. 
I've  never  wanted  to  run  a 
hotel,  but  if  tt  would  help 
you  decide,  I'll  be  glad  to 
have  you  and  your  wife  come 
down  and  stay  with  me  for  a 
week.  Ill  charge  you  a  hun- 
dred dollars  and  you'll  have 
to  eat  Brum  ley  home-style 
meals  and  generally  entertain 
yourselves.  You  can  use  the 
rig.  Your  bedroom  will  be 
simple    and    you'll    have    to 


look  after  yourselves  .  . , 
you'll  have  a  private  bath. 
But  don't  just  come  down; 
write  beforehand.  There  just 
might  be  two  couples  that 
want  to  come  down  and  I'd 
rather  have  only  one  at  a 
time.  I  only  have  one  rig  and 
I  want  to  use  it  myself,  too. 
Or,  send  me  a  letter  with 
your  questions.  Come  on, 
OLD  MAN,  don't  just  sit 
there  and  dream  and  wish. 
You  can  do  it  if  you  want  to- 
Wake  up  and  live  the  rest  of 
your  life!  ■ 


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SERVING  THE  INDUSTRY  S/NCE  1922 


Attention  ATV'ers  -  Video  Tape  Re- 
corders For  Sale.  Time  lapse  and  reel 
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Send  SASE  for  prices t  models,  etc.,  to 

DICTOGRAPH  SECURITY 
SYSTEMS 
26  Columbia  Turnpike 
norham  Park  NJ  07932  ^ 

ATTN:  Room  113/Dave  Griffiths  5 


COMPUTER  HOBBYISTS! 

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MULTI  BAND  DrPOLE  TRAPS 

Pace -Traps  are  the  key  devices  required 
to  build  the  all  band  Trap-Dipole 
depicted  in  recent  issues  of  the  ARRL 
Handbook.  Two  models  available.  NG 
Series  (For  Novice  Gallon)  —  $14.95  pr. 
FG  Series  (For  Legal  Limit)  -  $16.95 
pr.  Pace-Sulator  (Weather -Proof  No- 
Solder  Center  Insulator)  -  $4,95  ea. 
Shipped  postpaid  hi  U.S.A.  Check  or 
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PACE-TRAPS  E 

Upland  Rd.,  Hiddlebury  CT  06762 


111 


■ 


KLM 


presents... 

KR400,  precision 

built  azimuth 
rotator  at  a  very 

reasonable  price.  A 


Rotation  rate:  one  minute  for  360". 

Husky  disc  brake  on  motor  holds  antenna 
column  securely,  prevents  wind-milling. 

Supports  400  lbs  (181  KG)  vertical  weight. 

Accommodates  masts  1 .5  to  2.5  inches  in 
diameter  (38  to  63.5  mm). 

Limit  switch  cuts  oft  motor  at  360c  rota- 
tional extremes,  prevents  line  "wrap-up " 

6-wire  control  cable  (not  supplied). 

Precision  aluminum  die  casting. 

Stainless  steel  hardware. 

115VAC,50-60Hz.40VA. 

Shipping  weight;  18  lbs  (8.16  KG). 

Also  available:  KR-500,  heavy-duty 
elevation  rotator. 


Now,  immediately  available,  KR-400,  a  high  quality 
rotator  that  will  easily  handle  any  of  the  presently 
available  horizontal  or  vertical  Yagi  or  Quad 
rotary  beam  Citizens  Band  antennas. 

Motor  housing  and  mast  clamp  assembly  are  precision,  corrosion* 
resistant  aluminum  die  castings,  heavily  reinforced  at  stress 
points.  Mast  clamp  assembly  has  slotted  bases  and  takeups  to 
adjust  for  various  mast  diameters.  Motor  housing  base  has  4 
tapped  mounting  holes  at  90°  spacing  on  2.342"  {59,5mm)  radius. 

Assembly  is  protectively  coated;  motor  housing,  control  cable 
entry  box  sealed  against  moisture.  Stainless  steel  hardware. 

Professional  looking  control  unit  blends  with  any  decor,  has 
illuminated  meter  scale  calibrated  in  degrees  which  tracks 
with  rotary  potentiometer  in  rotator  housing.  Solid-state 
bridge  circuitry  is  vottage  regulated  to  maintain  meter 
accuracy.  Hold  down  push  switches  control  rotation  direction. 

Model  KR-400  rotator  is  precision  constructed  for  long, 
trouble-free  operation . . .  price-wise  is  without  equal. 


109.95 


Write  for  name  of  your  nearest  deafer 


KLM 


electronics,  inc. 


17025  Laurel  Road,  Morgan  Hill,  CA  95037  (40B)  779-7363 


K4 


Start  your 

low- 


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with  a 


MONITOR 

FEATURES: 

Oscilloscope  display  of  SSTV  signal 

Rugged  —  modular  —  industrial  grade 

Modular  Construction 

Independent  easy  to  use  controls 

CAMERA 

FEATURES: 

Use  C1  camera  with  your  home  TV  set 

Has  both  long  distance  and  close-up  features 

Adjustable  frame  size 

Built-in  slo  scan  bar  gen  for  transmit 

Focus  on  a  postage  stamp 


SS2  K  K I T  $235 

or 

SS2  WIRED  $285 

CI  F AST/S LO  SC AN 
CAMERA  $385 


ACCESSORIES: 

P1  Polaroid  adapter  for  hard  copy  photos  $34.50 

VI  viewing  hood  $14.50 

T1  tripod  $24.95 

CK256  line  conversion  kit  available 


A  VAILABLE  NOW:  Order  factory  direct  or  from  our  distributors.    See  Below 


A-G  Co,,  Inc. 
Imperial,  Pa. 

Amateur  Electronics  Supply 
Milwaukee,  Wise. 
Cleveland,  Ohio 
Orlando,  Fla. 

Argon  Electronics 
Miami  Springs,  Fla, 


A  and  W  Electronics 
Medford,  Mass, 


Barry  Electronics 
New  York.  N.Y. 


CFP  Enterprises 
Lansing,  N.Y, 


Electronic  Distributors 
Muskegon,  Michigan 


Goldstein's 
PensacoJa,  Fia. 


Harrison  Electronics 
Farmingdale,  N.Y. 


Henry  Radio 

Los  Angeles,  Calif, 

Hobby  Industry 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa 


Mr.  Keith  Roberts 
P.O.  Box  677 
Bedford,  N.S. 
Canada  BON  1  BO 


Venus  Scientific  Inc. 

The  company  that  put  high  voltage  on  the  moon,  now  brings  you  expanding  amateur  radio 
technology. 


399  SMITH  STREET 
FARMINGDALE,  N.Y.  11735 
PHONE  516-293-4100 
TWX  510-224  6492  V3 


113 


Andrew  Funk  WA2UDS 
Delta  Tau  Delta  Fraternity 
2  077  Morewood  Avenue 
Pittsburgh  PA  15213 


Hamming 

the 
Sweepstakes 


-  -  ham  public  service  rides  again 


Photos  by  Glenn  Meudcr 


"A  nc'  t'ie  $treak's  ahead, 
■tA  followed  by  ihe  Delta 

Queen,  and  the  Flying  But- 
tress is  a  close  third.  Around 
the  turn  of  the  chute,  it's 
. . ."  No,  it's  not  a  car  race; 
it*s  the  annual  running  of  the 
Buggy  Sweepstakes  at  Car- 
negie-Mellon University,  and 
amateur  radio  was  there. 

Sweepstakes  is  the  descen- 
dant of  the  1920  interfrater- 
nity  push-mobile  race  held  on 
the  Carnegje  Tech  Campus. 
Things  have  changed  since 
those  ponderous  contraptions 
(one  a  bathtub  on  wheels!) 
rolled;  today's  buggy  is 
computer- designed,  costs 
upwards  of  $1500  and  incor- 
porates modem  features.  The 
buggies  of  Delta  Tau  Delta, 
for  example,  sport  fiberglass 
monocoque  shells,  torsion  bar 
suspension  and  pneumatic 
tires.  This  isn't  for  naught,  as 
the  besi-designed  buggies 
(e  n  gi  n  ee  ri  n  g,  appearance, 
safety,  and  special  features) 
receive  trophies  and  generally 
run  better  in  the  race,  too. 


Sol  WB9IHQ  "Course  Closed!" 


Andy  WA2UQS,  "Course  Closed!" 


114 


The  starting  line  -  "Ready,  Set,  BANG!!" 


The  Course 

The  race  is  run  on 
Pittsburgh  city  streets.  The 
buggies  are  pushed  up  a  5-9% 
grade  from  the  starting  line  to 
the  free- roll,  2400  feet  of 
downhill,  curving  road. 
Turning  the  hazardous 
"chute*'  at  speeds  upwards  of 
45  mphr  they  again  travel 
uphill,  being  pushed  to  the 
finish  line-  The  entire  course 
is  0.84  miles,  and  the  record 
time  (set  by  Pi  Kappa  Alpha 
in  1975)  is  2:19,3. 

Naturally  we  wouldn't 
want  cars  on  the  course  while 
the  buggies  are  running  - 
imagine  what  a  2  ton  car 
would  do  to  a  175  pound 
(maximum,  with  driver) 
buggy!  Up  until  last  year  a 
car  with  a  signal  flag  would 
circuit  the  course  prior  to 
each  heat,  indicating  to  the 
"flaggers11  stationed  at  each 
intersection  that  the  course 
should  be  closed  to  traffic. 
This  system  had  many  prob- 
lems, one  of  which  was  that 
there  was  no  way  to  inform 
those  in  authority  if  a  car  ran 
a  barricade,  nor  was  there  any 
way  except  sheer  guesswork 
for  the  flaggers  to  know  when 
to  open  the  course. 

Enter  Amateur  Radio 

These  problems  dis- 
appeared when  the  Carnegie 
Tech  Radio  Club  (W3VC) 
bej^n  providing  communica- 
tions for  the  practice  sessions 
held  at  6:00  am  Sunday 
morning  Two  meter  FM 
units  operating  on  52  simplex 
were    stationed    around    the 


course  with  the  flaggers,  and 
a  command  post  was  estab- 
lished within  easy  earshot  of 
the  sweepstakes  chairperson. 
Three  minutes  prior  to  each 
heat  the  "close  course"  was 
radioed  to  the  flaggers,  and 
each  unit  would  respond  by 
confirming  "course  closed" 
status.  While  buggies  ran  the 
course,  their  position  was 
constantly  relayed  to  the 
sweepstakes  chairperson,  and 
once  they  cleared  the  course, 
she  authorized  course  open- 
ing- 
Accident! 

Buggy  accidents  can  result 
in  serious  injury,  so  the  CMU 
Security  Van- Ambulance  is 
kept  at  the  chute  at  all  prac- 
tices and  race  days.  During 
the  practice  last  April  1st,  a 
buggy's  steering  malfunc- 
tioned, sending  the  buggy 
careening  into  a  tree,  A  quick 
radio  call  brought  the 
ambulance  to  the  scene,  and 
an  autopaich  call  over 
WR3AGJ  alerted  the  hospital 
of  the  incoming  pattenL  The 
driver  was  not  seriously 
injured,  but  doctors  at  the 
hospital  felt  that  if  he  had 
not  arrived  as  quickly  as  he 
did,  there  may  have  been 
serious  complications. 

Race  Day(s)! 

April  9  and  10  marked  the 
climax  of  the  combined 
efforts  of  the  many  organiza- 
tions racing  —  SWEEP- 
STAKES! Our  setup  was  the 
same  as  that  used  at  the 
practices,  with  the  addition 
of     a     motorcycle     unit 


Free-roli 


(WB3AWT)  and  judges/ 
backup  communications 
provided  by  the  CMU  Ranger 
Company.  Ever  compare  a 
HTtoaPRC-77? 

The  timers  on  the  judges1 
truck  {HQ}  required  the 
starter's  countdown  and  gun- 
shot,  so  this  was  broadcast  by 
the  unit  at  the  starting  line. 
The  Security  Van,  at  the 
chute,  was  equipped  with  a 
PA  system  which  was  used  to 


amplify  the  starting  count  for 
the  benefit  of  the  spectators 
there.  Race  times  and  other 
data  were  also  announced  in 
this  manner. 

Conclusion 

The  entire  Sweepstakes 
ran  smoothly,  and  for  the 
first  time  in  years,  there  were 
no  accidents  at  all.  Much  of 
this  has  been  attributed  to 
the     fine     communications 


The  long  hard  push  to  the  finish  line. 


115 


The  crew  (I  to  r)  -  John  WB3AWT,  Karl  WA3GSB,  Andy 
WA2UDS,  John  WA2ZUL,  Reed  WASfBQ,  Connie  W3HTL, 
Sol  WB9/HC 


provided  by  W3VC 

Club  members  John  Rose 
WA2ZUL,  Sol  Marcus 
WB9IHC,  Karl 
WA3GSB,  Don 
WA3KGT,  Connie 
W3HTL,  Steve 
WA3ZGTt  Glenn 
Andy  Funk  WA2UDS,  and 
Pittsburgh  amateurs  Reed 
Krenn  WA3JBQ  and  John 
WB3AWT  devoted  their  time 


S  i  e  b  e  r 

Gregg 

Hilpert 

Salgaller 

Meader, 


and  energy  to  the  project, 
making  it  a  success.  A  special 
thanks  lo  Jerry  DiGennaro 
and  the  members  of  the  CM U 
Ranger  Company  for  their 
participation. 

This  year  the  Carnegie 
Tech  Radio  Club  will  provide 
communications  for  Sweep- 
stakes 1977,  and  everyone  is 
invited  to  come  down  and 
watch  the  races  or  help  out." 


International  Data  Systems,  Inc. 


400  North  Washington  Street,  Suite  200 
Falls  Church,  Virginia  22046  USA 
Telephone  (703)  536  7373 


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MCTK  Morse  Code  TraineTAeyer 


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Requires  one  eight  bit  output  port.  Use  it  to 
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116 


Kenwood's  TS-520  has  sold  itseli  to 
thousands  of  amateurs  the  world 
over. 

The  value  of  its  features  and  specifi- 
cations are  obvious.  But  just  as  impor- 
tant is  the  kind  of  quality  that  Kenwood 
builds  in.  Hundreds  of  testimonials  on 
the  air  attest  to  its  performance  and 
dependability.  You  probably  have 
heard  of  some  of  the  same  glowing 
praise. 

The  TS-520  operates  SSB  and  CW  on 
80  through  10  meters  and  features 
built-in  AC  and  12VDC  power  supply. 


pecifications 


FREQUENCY  RANGE     1  B-29  7  MKz 

{t 80  -  tO  m#t*n) 
MOOES     USB.  LS9.  CW,  FSK 
INPUT    POWER:  20OW  PEP  on  SSB 

160  W  DC  cm  CW 
lOOWXw  FSK 
ANTENNA  IMPEDANCE     50-75  ohms,  unoaianced 
CAJWIER  SUPPRESSION     Belle*  than  40  dB 
SIDEBAND  SUPPRESSION     Beftef  than   x  dO 
SPURIOUS  RADiATiON     Greater  man  -W  dB 

l  Harmonic*  more  ihan  -4C  dfll 
RECEIVER  SENSKiViTY     Betie*  than  o  25uV 
RECEIVER  SELfCTTVlTY 
SSB    2  4  kHz  {4  dB> 
4  4  kHz  {40  dB| 
CW*   0  5  kHz  (~C  dB| 
IB  kHz  t^60  dB) 
*{wuh  optional  CW  filler  instatiedi 
IMAGE  RATIO    160-15  meters    Better  than  60  dB 

10  meters     Better  than  50  dB 
IF  REJECTION       Belter  than  30  dB 
POWER  REQUIREMENTS:    120/220  VAC. 
50/60  Hz,  131  VDC  (with  optional 
DS-1A  DC- DC  cofwerlar) 
POWER  CONSUMPTION     Transmil ;  2BQ  Watts 

Rnceive;  26  Walls  {healers  olf> 
DIMENSIONS     13-1  /fl"  W  x  6    H 

*  13*3m"  D 
WEIGHT     36  2  lbs  (18  Hg| 


CO  TS-520 

'pecifications 


(Qfpi 


MODES  USB,  LSB,  CW 

POWER   200  w.-ilK  PEP  <nput  on  SSB.  160  watts 

DC  input  rjrt  CW 
ANTENNA  IMPEDANCE   50  75  Ohms, 

unbalanced 
CARRIER  SUPPRESSION  Better  than  -45  dB 
UNWANTED  SIDE  BAND  SUPPRESSION   Better 

than  -40  dB 


HARMONIC  RADIATION:  Better  lhan  -40  dB 
AF  RESPONSE   400  to  2600  H*  (^6  dB) 
AUDIO  INPUT  SENSITIVITY:  0  25^V  tor  10  dB 

SELECTIVITY  SSB  2 A  KHz  (~6dB)  A  A  kHj 
{-60  dB)  CW  0  5  KHz  (-6  dB).  1  5  kHz 
{-60  dB)  (with  accessory  filler) 

FREQUENCY  STABILITY  100  Hi  per  30 
m  mules  alter  warmup 


IMAGE  8ATIO.  Better  lhan  50  dB 
IF  REJECTION  Belter  lhan  50  dB 

TLJBF  &  SEMICONDUCTOR  COMPLEMENT: 
3  tubes  12  x  614GB  12SY7A),  3  IC  18 
FET  44  transistors.  B4  diodes 

DIMENSIONS    13  1"  W  t  5  9"  H  N  13  T  D 

WFIGHT  35  2  lbs 


KENWOOD'S  TS-700A 

filially  fulfills  the 
promise  of  2 -meters... 
more  channels,  more 
versatility,  tunable  VFO, 
SSB-CW  and,  best  of 
all,  the  type  of  quality 
that  has  placed  the 
Kenwood  name  out  front, 


KLAUft  RADIO 


Inc. 


8400  N.  Pioneer  Parkway.  Peoria  it  Si 61 4,  Phone  3O9S91-4840  * 


K7 


Allan  S.  Joffe  WZKBM 
1005  Twining  Rd. 
Dresher  PA  19025 


Taming 


the  Wild  Beta 


-  -  how  to  make 
transistors  behave 


Transistors,  like  the 
ladies,  are  rather  vari- 
able, and  while  the  variability 
of  the  tender  gender  may  be 
the  spice  of  life,  with  transis- 
tors this  can  he  just  another 
electronic  pain  in  the  epizo- 
otic. 

Getting  sound  through  the 
average  low  powered  stone, 
such  as  is  used  in  mike  stages 
or  other  moderate  level  use, 
can  be  a  problem  when  you 
realize  that  transistors  of  the 
same  type  number  by  the 
same  or  different  manufac- 
turers may  have  a  current 
gain  variance  of  about  150% 
or  more. 

This  means  initial  design 
problems  or  troubles  when 
you  go  to  replace  a  transistor 
in  an  already  functioning 
piece  of  gear  and  find  either 
too  much  or  too  little  gain  is 
being  produced  by  the  new 
unit, 

A  basic  approach  around 
this  problem  is  to  tackle  it 
from   the   idea   that   the  cir- 


cuitry associated  with  the 
transistor  might  be  rolled  in 
such  a  manner  that  it  could 
ignore  the  wide  differences  in 
transistors  plugged  into  It 

Fig.  1  shows  a  unique  tran- 
sistor manufactured  by  the 
"Anybody's  Transistor  and 
Pool  Table  Mfg.  Co.,  Ltd,"  It 
is  NPN,  will  stand  up  to  a  25 
volt  supply,  and  is  rated  at  a 
few  hundred  milliwatts  dis- 
sipation. Its  beta  or  current 
gain  is  "tightly  held11  to  a 
tolerance  of  between  40  and 
200. 


One  key  to  the  circuit  is 
the  lack  of  an  emitter  bypass 
capacitor  which  produces 
current  feedback.  Now  for 
some  basic  rules  of  thumb 
that  are  not  exactly  gospel, 
but  have  enough  latitude  to 
make  them  work  in  a  practi- 
cal way. 

1 .  Keep  your  supply 
voltage  between  9  and 
20  volts. 

2.  Make  your  emitter 
resistor  at  least  470 
Ohms, 

3*  R2  should  be  about 


Fig.  L  /f  your  circuit  dc  conditions  are  alt  OK  hut  the  emitter 
to  ground  voltage  is  too  low,  insert  a  value  of  RXt  as  sfcowra, 
that  will  bring  the  emitter  voltage  closer  to  the  desired  one 
volt  target  value. 


ten  to  no  larger  than  20 
times  the  value  of  your 
emitter  resistor* 

4.  You  should  have 
about  1 .0  volt  across 
the  emitter  resistor  to 
ground.  (One  way  of 
doing  this  is  to  utilize 
RX  shown  dotted  in 
between  the  supply  and 
the  emitter  resistor. 
Adjust  the  value  of  this 
resistor  so  that  you  do 
get  about  one  volt  from 
emitter  to  ground, 
which  will  solve  your 
problem.) 

5.  You  select  your 
stage  voltage  gain  sim- 
ply by  multiplying  your 
selected  emitter  resistor 
by  the  wanted  gain  and 
using  that  product  as 
the  value  of  your  col- 
lector toad.  Example: 
Emitter  resistor=470 
Ohms.  Stage  gain  of  ten 
wanted.  470  times  10  = 
4700.  So  collector  load 
=  4700  Ohms. 

6.  You  can  select  the 
value  of  the  Rl  top  leg 
of  the  base  bias  divider 
by  making  it  a  value 
that  will  give  about  one 
half  the  supply  volts 
from  collector  to 
ground. 

7.  You  should  try  to 
keep  the  base  divider 
current  In  the  0.1  to 
0,2  mil  range.  The 
lower  values  will  tend 
to  give  lower  circuit 
noise. 

8.  On  a  practical  basis, 
try  to  keep  R2  to  15k 
or  less. 

9.  On  a  practical  basis, 
the  collector  load 
should  run  between 
4700  and  1 5k,  the 
higher  values  for  use 
with  higher  supply  volt- 
ages. 

10-  You  can  assume 
that  your  undistorted 
output  voltage  (distor- 
tion 1%  or  less)  will  be 
about  20%  of  your 
supply  voltage. 
11.  You  can  assume, 
on  a  practical  basis, 
that  your  input  imped* 
ance  will  be  the  value 
of    the    resistor    from 


118 


base  to  ground. 

12.  You  can  assume 
that  your  output 
impedance  will  be  the 
collector  load  in  paral- 
lel with  the  input 
impedance  of  the  fol- 
lowing stage, 

13.  If  your  final  design 
does  not  show  a  mea- 
sured three  volts  or 
better  measu  red 
between  cof lector  and 
emitter,  fudge  your 
values  until  you  do  get 
close  to  the  minimum 


three  volt  figure. 

If  we  follow  this  series  of 
approximations,  what  do  we 
wind  up  with?  We  should 
have  a  circuit  that  will  accept 
almost  any  transistor  with 
reasonable  approximations  of 
the  selected  type  and  give 
stable  gain  and  stable  opera* 
tion  for  the  range  of  tempera- 
tures that  a  piece  of  ham  gear 
might  experience  in  a  car. 

This  would  run  from  freez- 
ing in  the  winter  to  perhaps 
150  degrees  in  a  closed  car  in 
the  summer  sun. 


We  have  two  types  of  sta- 
bility we  are  really  consider- 
ing. One  is  circuit  gain  or  ac 
stability,  and  the  second  is 
changes  in  circuit  operation 
with  changes  in  dc  conditions 
in  the  circuit.  This  last  item  is 
particularly  important  to  you 
fans  of  the  nine  volt  battery. 
These  circuit  guessti mations 
should  let  this  type  of  stage 
operate  down  to  a  six  volt 
throwaway  point,  or  well 
below  the  point  where  any 
associated  power  stages 
would  have  called  for  a  new 


battery. 

The  basic  factors  for  ac 
stability  are  the  existence  of 
the  emitter  feedback  resistor 
and  the  ratio  of  the  emitter 
resistor  to  the  base  to  ground 
resistor.  The  basic  dc  stabiliz- 
ing factors  are  the  effect  the 
bias  divider  has  on  swamping 
out  changing  base  current 
and,  again,  the  dc  effect  of 
the  emitter  resistor  in  keeping 
the  base  to  emitter  voltage 
reasonably  constant  with 
changes  in  collector  cur- 
rent. ■ 


The  article  "The  Secret 
2m  Mobile  Antenna" 
on  page  44  of  the  May  issue 
of  73  Magazine  brings  to 
mtnd  a  similar  unit  that  I 
have  been  using  for  some 
time.  My  requirement  was  the 
opposite  of  that  of  the  article 
—  in  my  case,  to  use  the  one 
2m  antenna  for  the  2m  trans- 
ceiver and  simultaneously  for 
the  AM  car  radio. 

The  2m  antenna  is  a  five 
eighths  whip  with  a  loading 
coil  at  the  base.  Fig.  1  shows 
this  coil  as  LI. 

Installation  and  operation 
of  the  splitter  unit  is  a  piece 
of  cake.  The  coax  lead  from 
the  antenna  to  the  2m  trans- 
ceiver is  broken  at  some  con- 
venient point  and  the  compo- 
nents C1  and  L2  inserted  in 
series  with  center  conductor. 
CI  is  adjusted  for  maximum 
signal  on  the  transceiver 
S-meter,  No  change  in  the  2m 
transceiver  performance  will 
be  noticed. 


Fred  Johnson  ZL2AMJ 

1 5  Field  Street 

Upper  Hutt,  New  Zealand 


A  Combiner  for  Your  2m  Whip 


-  BC  reception  on  your  2m  antenna 


The  AM  antenna  lead  is 
taken  off  via  a  quarter  wave 
stub  arrangement  The  stub 
L3  is  connected  to  the  anten- 
na side  of  the  C1/L2  assem- 
bly. An  additional  stub  L4  is 
connected  to  the  free  end  of 
L3,  The  AM  receiver  lead  is 
connected  to  the  junction  or 
L3  and  L4.  The  free  end  of 


2  hi  MOQIuE 
S/flS 

ANTENNA 


LI 


TL*T 


CAft  BOOT 


7—£ 


©— 


f 


JC 


>£ci 


SEE 

|TEXT 
\L2 


-yCOftX   TO 
_T  £M    TRANS- 
CEIVER 


®-* 


£ 


EARTHS  COMM0NE0 


-£ L3 


*-¥ 


<&-    r; 


f 


-^  SHIELDED   LEAD 
.J 


TO  AM   RECEIVER 


\ 


EARTHS    COMMQMED 


A  L* 


O.C. 


Fig.  h  Diagram  of  combiner  unit  for  operating  AM  receiver 
simultaneously  with  a  2m  transceiver  off  a  2m  antenna. 


L4  is  left  floating  with  the 
inner  and  outer  on  open  cir- 
cuit. 

The  operation  of  the  2m 
quarter  wave  stubs  is  such 
that  the  open  circuit  at  A 
puts  an  effective  short  circuit 
{for  the  2m  signal)  at  B.  This 
short  circuit  at  B  puts  an 
open  circuit  at  point  C  So 
the  2m  signal  from  the  anten- 
na arrives  at  C  and  sees  an 
open  circuit  when  "looking 
down1'  L3.  It  sees  a  low 
impedance  path  looking 
towards  the  2m  transceiver 
because  C1  and  L2  form  a 
series-tuned  circuit  at  reso- 
nance. The  result  is  complete 
isolation  of  the  two  opera- 
tions on  the  one  antenna  — 
2m  mobile  with  AM  music  in 
the   background    if  required. 

The  five  eighths  wave- 
length antenna  must  be  of  the 
variety  with  a  series  loading 
coil  at  its  base  {i.e.,  not  the 
type  with  a  grounded  paral- 


lel-tuned circuit  with  a 
tapped  feed).  Note  that  there 
is  a  dc  path  from  the  AM 
receiver  right  through  to  the 
antenna. 

The  coax  lengths  L3  and 
L4  depend  on  the  type  of 
coax  used.  Either  75  or  50 
Ohm  is  suitable.  I  used  ^olid 
dielectric  type  with  a  velocity 
factor  of  0,6 6,  so  the  lengths 
L3  and  L4  are  each  12.5 
inches,  CI  is  a  27  pF  trim- 
mer. L2  is  3!4T,  ]A  inch  diam- 
eter, Vi  inch  long,  #18  wire. 
Both  these  components 
should  be  mounted  in  a  small 
box  to  effect  good  screening* 

This  combiner  has  been 
very  effective  and  certainly 
improves  the  appearance  of 
the  car  (from  the  XYL's  view- 
point, anyway}  by  reducing 
the  antenna  complement  by 
one!  This  also  means  that  the 
original  AM  radio  antenna 
can  be  replaced  with  some- 
thing more  useful  —  such  as  a 
collinearfor432!!« 


119 


A  E   CO.  CARBON 
TELt PHONE  WJKE 


MlCfiOfFUN 
NO  SMI    ZbFB 
eOOCT   TO  fiOOCT 


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MICRO  THAN 

PM23-M 
500- 10  K 

T2 


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Fig,  7.  Unless  otherwise  specified,  all  capacitors  are  non-polarized \  preferably  Aerovox  type 
VJ46R  aero  f Urn  my  tar  caps. 

Stirling  Olberg  WiSNN 
19  Loretu  Road 
Waltham  MA  021S4 


The  Carbon  Marvel 


best  mobile  mike  yet? 


A  carbon  microphone  is 
one  of  the  most  reli- 
able forms  of  a  voice  trans- 
ducer. The  carbon  micro- 
phone can  be  made  lo  sound 
natural  and,  in  most  cases, 
the  listener  will  not  know  one 
is  being  used.  Listen  to  a  YL 
on  an  autopatch;  the  voice 
sounds  very  natural  and  it  is 
fed  into  the  transmitter  via  a 
telephone.  Ma  Bell  has  to 
accommodate  many  services 
an  dP  therefore,  has  given 
much  attention  to  the  carbon 
mike  —  in  particular  to  the 
manner  in  which  it  is  incor- 
porated into  telephone  cir- 
cuits and  to  the  acoustical 
response  of  the  device. 

Carbon  microphones  can 
take  a  fair  amount  of  me- 
chanical punishment.  Great 
excursions  in  temperature  do 
not  degrade  their  operation 


and,  best  of  all,  they  are 
cheap.  They  are  found  in 
abundance  on  the  surplus 
market.  They  make  excellent 
mobile  microphones* 

This  type  of  mike  requires 
a  small  exciting  voltage.  It  is  a 
variable  resistor  which  varies 
the  exciting  voltage  at  an 
audio  rate.  The  audio  re- 
sponse is  determined  by  the 
mounting  of  the  carbon  but- 
ton to  its  acoustic  resonator. 
This  is  the  diaphragm  and 
cavity  in  which  it  is  mounted. 

The  output  of  the  carbon 
mike  can  then  be  directed 
into  a  filter  which  enhances  a 
useful  response  range,  300  to 
2800  Hz.  The  name  of  this 
game,  however,  is  to  match 
the  mike  to  the  filter  in  a 
manner  which  prevents  or 
reduces     the     variation     of 


impedance  caused  by  the 
change  in  microphone  resis- 
tance, 

Let's  look  at  the  circuit  in 
use  at  W1SNN,  The  carbon 
mike  output  is  directed  into 
an  audio  transformer.  The 
excitation  voltage  applied  to 
the  microphone  is  reduced 
from  12  volts,  usually  sup- 
plied from  a  car  battery. 

A  hash  filter  is  incorpo- 
rated with  a  voltage  divider, 
which  serves  to  keep  the 
alternator  whine  from  my 
Maverick  out  of  the  audio 
system  and  to  reduce  the 
battery  voltage  to  ¥A  volts.  It 
is  important  to  try  to  main- 
tain the  exciting  voltage  in 
the  3  to  314  volt  region,  since 
increasing  it  above  the  high 
limit  will  allow  the  character- 
istic 4lfrytngM  sound  produced 
by    the   carbon    granules   to 


become  objectionable.  When 
transformer  coupling  is  used, 
a  current  limiting  resistor  is 
required  to  insure  that  the 
current  flow  will  not  bias  the 
transformer  core  too  badly 
and  destroy  its  frequency 
response.  The  220  Ohm  resis- 
tor in  series  with  the  divider/ 
hash  filter  will  keep  both  of 
these  effects  to  a  tolerable 
level. 

The  secondary  of  the 
microphone  transformer  is 
terminated  in  a  fixed  resistor, 
allowing  the  two  section  high 
pass  filter  to  "see'*  a  constant 
termination  regardless  of 
impedance  reflections  given 
by  the  microphone.  The  high 
pass  filter  output  feeds  into 
an  impedance  matching  trans- 
former, which  is  followed  by 
a  three  section  low  pass  filter. 

The  overall  response  of  the 
combined  filters  depends 
upon  the  fact  that  load 
impedances  must  be  constant, 
so  the  output  of  the  last  filter 
is  terminated  in  a  resistor.  A 
potentiometer  ac  coupled  to 
the  output  acts  as  an  audio 
volume  control.  This  control 
may  be  eliminated  if  one 
exists  in  the  transmitter. 
However,  remember  the  out- 
put of  this  microphone  filter 
combination  is  in  excess  of 
.250  mV  and  is  far  more 
than  required  for  most  micro- 
phone input  circuits,  At 
W1SNN  this  microphone  is 
used  to  generate  direct  FM  by 
feeding  it  into  a  processed 
audio  system  incorporated  in 
a  frequency  synthesizer.  Very 
little  audio  is  required  and 
hence  the  pot.  The  response 
of  the  microphone  and  filter 
combination  is  such  that  it 
cuts  out  the  low  frequency 
rumbling  produced  by  me- 
chanical sounds  of  my  vehicle 
in  motion  and  the  higher 
pitched  undesirable  traffic 
noise. 

Since  the  audio  level  is 
kept  quite  low,  the  mike 
must  be  held  close  to  the 
operator's  mouth.  The  reduc- 
tion of  speech  slurring  from 
breath  sounds  and  the  overall 
improvement  in  the  sound  of 
the  rig  make  the  addition  of 
all  this  circuitry  worth- 
while. ■ 


120 


SST  T-l  RANDOM  WIRE  ANTENNA  TUNER 


AH  brad  operation  (16(H0  meters)  with 
most  *iiy  random  length  wire.  200  Watt 
power  capability,  ideal  for  portable  or  home 
operation*  A  must  for  Field  Day,  Size:  2  >; 
4*1/4  st  2*3/8.  Built-in  neon  tune-up  indica- 
tor. Guaranteed  for  90  days.  Compact  — 
easy  to  use.  Only  $29.95, 


aaa 


OOQ 


Model 
200  V 


Model 
210 


ASTATIC 
MICROPHONES 


SILVER  EAGE  $69,95 

T-UG8-D104,  transistorized    - S48.60 

T-UG9-DI04,  "Golden  Ea^le/*  transistorized  $95.40 
T-UG9-DI04,  "Silver  Eagle,"  transistorized  *  $69.95 
UG-D104,  ceramic  or  crystal $42.60 


Model 
220 


talk 

power 

by 


for  an  Economy  Pf ice? 

THAT'S  RIGHT! 

introducing  the  ECONO  LINE 


$39.95 
kit 


Mtwtol 

Input     Ouvpul 

Typical                F*Boue*>cv           P*tc* 

7tf3 

^TOW  5090W 

lDin/?Q6ur     143-149  MM*    Si 39  00 

70?  B 

I4W     60BOW 

Tin- 70  Our     t43  T49  MHi    S169  00 

CES  Touch  Tone  Pads 

•  Model  200V  —  acoustic  coupling.  $59.95 

•  Model  210  -  for  mounting  on  walkies  or 
hsnd-heids.  $54.95 

•  Model  220  —  CES  can  now  offer  you  a 
TOUCH  TONE  back  for  Standard  Commun- 
ications hand-heJd  radios.  This  is  the  com- 
plete back  assembJy  with  the  TOUCH 
TONE  encoder  mounted  and  reedy  to  plug 
into  the  private  channel  connector.  Also 
included  is  a  LED  tone  generator  indicator 
and  an  external  tone  deviation  adjustment. 
$74.95. 


Now  get  TPL  COMMUNICATIONS 
quality  and  reliability  at  an  economy 
price.  The  new  Econo  Line  gives  you 
everything  that  you've  come  to  ex  pee  t 
from  TPL  at  a  real  cost  reduction.  The 
latest  mechanical  and  electronic  construe- 
tfon  techniques  combine  to  make  the 
Econo  Line  your  best  amplifier  value. 
Unique  broad-band  circuitry  requires  no 
tuning  throughout  the  entire  2-meter  band 
and  adjacent  MARS  channels,  See  these 
great  new  additions  to  the  TPL  COMMUN- 
ICATIONS product  Jine  at  your  favorite 
amateur  radio  dealer. 

For  prices  and  specifications  please  write 
for  our  Amateur  Products  Summary!  FCC 
type  accepted  power  amplifiers  also  avail- 
able. Please  call  or  write  for  a  copy  of 
TPL's  Commercial  Products  Summary. 


SLINKY! 

A  LOT  of  antenna  in  a  LITTLE  space 

New  Slinky®  dipole*  with  helical 
loading  radiates  a  good  signal  at  1/10 
wavelength  long! 

•patent  Ai>   SWS3SJI0 


HI  tU  «*• 


*■!!*  hiWU 


in  »w6m.  Ml 

MlTtr"  *i—|r  '"Willi  E*t(  T|  CMl 


HWlCHiJ    II  bill  A 1Q*    UNO 


,   ,   .    ,  .      , ,  f  r 


•  T"h  i«  el«c  trie  ally  sm*l  I  SO  .•  7i ,  *0  A  20  rtifrt «  ao  1  en  n  a  open  *  le  t, 
•■  any  Isngrn  1rom  ?4  lei  ?Q  («H    •  no  exlra  balun  of  It  All  wn  If  th 
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enough  to M  maTini  n*  fltiar1m*?nl  •  full  legal  power  •  iowSWfl 
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eodt,  Containing  134  I**  or  r  tripling  cOflduclot.  DJMuh    50  ft 
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uei  ■  now  m  us*  b*  US  Dtp*  or  State  US  Wmv . ' acHo  ectwoh 
a*  heme  me  worto  o*#* 


FT'  101 E  TRANSCEIVER 


FT  301 
FP301  DIG 

FP301 

FP  301  C1D 

FRG-7 

QTR-24 

FT-101-E 

160-  10M 

FT-101EE 

160  10M 

FT-101EX 

T6O-10M 

FL-2100B 

FTV  650B 

FTV-250 

FV-101B 

SP-101B 

SP-101PB 

YO  100 

YD  844 

FA-9 

MMB-1 

BFP 102 

XF-30C 

FR-tOIS 

SOLID  STATE 

FR  101   DIG 

SOLID  STATE 


160M  10M  Transceiver 

160M-10M  Transceiver 

AC  Power  Supply 

AC  PS.  WCIOck  tad  CW  ID 

General  Co  v.  Synthesized  Receiver 

Yatau  World  Clock 

XCVR  W/Proce»or 

XCVR  W/O  Processor 

XCVR  W/O  Processor 
AC  Only,  Less  Mike 
Linear  Amplifier 
6M  Transvorter 
2M  Transverter 
External  VFO 
Speaker 
Speaker  /Patch 
Monitor  Scope 
Dynamic  Base  Mike 
Cooling  Fan 
Mobile  Mount 
RF  Speech  Processor 
600  Hz  CW  Filler 

160-2M/SW  RCVR 
1G0-2M/SW  RCVR 


200WPEP  £769 

200WPEP     935 

125 

209 

299 

30 

729 

649 


989 

399 

199 

199 

109 

22 

59 

199 

29 

15 

19 

79 

40 

4B9 

599 


Accessories 
FC-6 

FC2 
FM-1 


6M  Converter 
2M  Converter 
FM  Detector 
Aux/SW  Crystal* 
AM  Wide  Filter 
600  Hi  CW  Filter 
FM  Filter 
Speaker 


XF-30B 

XF-30C 

XF-30D 

SP-1Q1B 

FLioi 

SOLID  STATE      160  10M 

TRANSMITTER 

Accessories: 

RFP-101  RF  Speech  Processor 

MONITOR/TEST  EQUIPMENT 


24 
25 
20 

5 
40 

40 
49 
22 


525 


YC  500  J 


YC  500  S 


500  MM;  0  0  PPM) 
Counter 


YC  BOO  E 

YOIOO 
YP  150 
YC-601 


500  MHz  U  PPM) 

Counter 

500  MHz  I0.O2  PPMJ 

Counter 

Monitor  Scope 

Dummy  Load/ Watt  Meter 

Digital  Readout 

II 01/401  series) 
VHP  FM  &SSB  TRANSCEIVERS 
FT-620B  6M  AM/CW/SSB 

FT-221  2M  AM/FM/CW/SSB 

Accessories: 
MMB-4  Mobile  Mount 

(FT620B,  FT-221) 


79 


249 
365 

4fi9 

199 

69 

169 

365 
629 


19 


Name 


Call 


Address. 
Citv 


State 


Zip 


Order: 


Radio  Electronics 

209  Mystic  Avenue  . 
Medford  MA  02155 
(617)  395  8280 

FREE  Gift  With 
Every  Order! 


D  Check  enclosed 

D  BankAmericard     D  MasterCharge    □  American  Express 

Credit  card  - Interbank  # 

Signature Card  expiration  date  _ 


MasterCharge 

American  Express 

BankAmericard 

accepted  on 

MOST  items! 

Prices  FOB  Medford  MA, 
All    units   can    be   shipped 

UPS.  MA  residents  add  5% 
sales  tax.  Add  $3.00  for 
shipping  &  handling  on  all 
o  rde  rs.  $  1 0 ,00  me  r  cha  n  - 
dise  minimum  please. 


Orders  over  SI 200  deduct  5%.  No  other  discounts  offered.  All  sales  final. 


There  is  no  substitute  for  quality,  performance, 
or  the  satisfaction  of  owning  the  very  best. 

Hence,  the  incomparable  Hy-Gain  3750  Amateur 
transceiver.  The  3750  covers  all  amateur  bands 
1 .8  30  MHz  ( 1 60  1 0  meters)*  It  utilizes  advanced 
Phase-Lock-Loop  circuitry  with  dual  gate  MOS 
FETs  at  all  critical  RF  amplifier  and  mixer  stages. 
There's  a  rotating  dial  for  easy  band-scanning  and  an 
electronic  frequency  counter  with  digital  readout 
and  a  memory  display  that  remembers  frequencies  at 
the  flip  of  a  switch.  And  that's  just  the  beginning. 

Matching  speaker  unit  (3854)  and  complete 
external  VFO  (3855)  also  available. 

Seethe  incomparable  Hy-Gain  3750  at  your  radio 
dealer  or  write  Department  MM.  There  is  no  substitute. 


HY  GAIN'S  INCOMPARABLE 

HY-TOWER 

FOR  80  THRU  10  METERS 

Model  18HT 

•  Outstanding  Omni- Directional  Performance 

•  Automatic  Band  Switching 

•  Installs  on  4  so.  ft.  of  real  estate 

•  Completely  Self -Supporting 


By  any 

tionably 

market 
features 

through 


-m                                                                               1     '• 

|  --/TV  '(Tfi 

I             z  1  Hh  1 

I 

38W      S59  95 


3760  -  SI  895  00 


386$  -  S496.00 


There  is  no  substitute 


Amateur  Radio  System*. 


standard  of  measurement,  the  By*Tower  is  unques- 

the  finest  multi-hand  vertical  antenna  system  on  the 
today.  Virtually  indestructible,  the  Model  l&HT 
automatic  band  selection  on  SO  thru  10  meter*. 
the  use  of  a  unique  stub  decoupling  system  which 
effectively  isolates  various  sections  of  the  antenna  so  that  an 
electrical  14  wavelength  (or  odd  multiple  of  a  14  wavelength) 
exists  on  all  bands.  Fed  with  52  ohm  coax,  it  takes  maximum 
legal  power  .  *  .  delivers  outstanding  performance  on  all 
bands.  With  the  addition  of  a  base  loading  coil,  it  also  delivers 
outstanding  performance  on  160  meters.  Structurally,  the 
Model  1BHT  is  built  to  last  a  lifetime,  Rugged  hot -dipped 
galvanized  24  ft,  tower  requires  no  guyed  supports.  Top 
mast,  which  extends  to  a  height  of  50  Ft*,  is  6061 STG  tapers 
aluminum*  All  hardware  is  iridite  treated  to  MIL  specs*  If 
you're  looking  for  the  epitome  in  vertical  antenna  systems, 
vou'U  want  Ify-Towcr,  Shpg.  WL,  96.7  lbs.  Order  No.  182 
Price:  $259.95 

NEW  Special  hinged  base  assembly  on  Model  IttHT  allows 
complete  MHHcmhLy  of  antenna  m  ground  level  ■  ■  *  permits 
easy    raising    and    lowering    of    the    antenna* 


BROAD  BAND  DOUBLET  BALUN 

for  10  thru  80  meters 

Model  BN-S6 
$15.95 

The  model  BN-B6  balun  provides  optimum  balance 
of  power  to  both  sides  of  any  doublet  and  vastiv 
improves  the  transfer  of  energy  from  feed  line  to 
antenna.  Power  capacity  is  1  KW  DC.  Features 
weatherproof  construction  and  built-in  mounting 
brackets.  Si  5.95  Shpg.  Wl.  1  lb,  Order  No.  242 


> 


Super 

:i -Element  Thunderbird 
for  10,  15  and  20  Meters 
Model  TH3Mk3  —  $199.95 

Hy*Gakn  s  Super  3-element 
Thunderbird  delivers  outstanding  perform- 
ance on  10,  15  and  20  meters.  The 
THJMkJ  features  separate  and  matched 
rfy-Q  traps  for  each  band,  and  Feeds  wrth  52 
ohm  coax.  Hy-Gain  Beta  Match  present* 
tapered  impedance  for  most  efficient 
3  band:  matching,  and  provides  DC  ground 
to  eliminate  precipitation  sialic  The 
TH3Mk3  dcBvers  maximum  F  B  ratio, 
and  SWR  ta&s  than  1  5;1  at  resonance  on 
all  bands,  its  mechanically  superior 
construction  features  taper  swaged  slotted 
tubing,  for  easy  adjustment  and  larger 
diameter  Comes  equipped  wtfh  heav\ 
tltsble  boom-to-mast  clamp,  Hy-Oam 
fenite  balun  BN-86  is  recommended  for 
use  with  the  TH3Mk3. 


Electrical 

Gam — average 
Front -to -back  ratio 
SWR  |al  resonance  ^ 

impedance 
Power  rating 


Mechanical 
Longest  element 
Boom  length 
Turning  radius 
Wind  toad  at  80  MPH 
Maximum  wind  survival 
Net  weight 

Mast  diameter  accepted 
Surface  area 


THbD*X 

8?dB 
254B 
Less  than 

l  M 
50  ohms 
Max  legal 


THSMkJ 

8d6 
25dB 

Less  than 

50  ohms 
Max  legal 


31.  r 

24' 
20' 

156  lbs 
100  MPH 
57  lbs. 

lift"  to  2W 

6 J  sq.  ft 


27 

!4 

15.7' 

103  2  lbs. 

IO0MPH 

36  lbs. 

4.03  sq  ft 


6-Element  Super  Thunder* 
bird  DX  for  10,  15  and  20 
Meters     Model     THtiDXX 

$239.95  Separate  Hy-Q 
traps,  featuring  large 
diameter  coils  that  develop 
an  exceptionally  favorable 
L/C  ratio  and  wry  high  Q, 
provide  peak  performance 
on  each  band  whether 
working  phone  or  CW. 
Exclusive  Hy-Gain  beta 
match,  factory  pre  tuned, 
insures  maximum  gain  and 
¥  [B  ratio  without  com- 
promise. The  TH6DXX 
feeds  with  52  ohm  coaxial 
cable  and  delivers  less  than 
1*5:1  SWR  on  all  bands. 
Mechanically  superior  con* 
struction  features  taper 
swaged,  slotted  tubing  for 
easy  adjustment  and  re* 
adjustment,  and  for  larger 
diameter  and  less  wind 
loading.  Full  circumference 
compression  clamps 
replace  self -tapping  sheet 
metal  screws.  Includes 
large  diameter,  heavy  gauge 
aluminum  boom,  heuvy 
cast  aluminum  boom-to- 
mast  clamp,  and  heavy 
gauge  machine  formed  ele- 
ment-to-boom brackets. 
Hy  -Gain's  ferrttc  balun 
BN-A6  js  recommended  for 
use  with  theTH6DXX. 


MULTI*BAND  HY-Q  TRAP  DOUBLETS 
Hy-Q  Trips 

1  Install  Horizontally  or  as  Inverted  V 
I  Super-Strength  Aluminum  Clad  Wire 
■  Weatherproof  Center  and  End  Insulators 

Installed  horizontally  or  as  an  inverted  V,  Hy-Gain  doublets  with 
Hy-Q  traps  deliver  true  half  wavelength  performance  on  every 
design  frequency i  Matched  traps,  individually  pretuned  for  each 
band  feature  large  diameter  coils  that  develop  an  exceptionally 
favorable  L/C  ratio  and  very  high  Q  performance.  Mechanically 
superior  solid  aluminum  trap  housings  provide  maximum  protec- 
tion and  support  to  the  loading  coil.  Fed  with  52  ohm  coax* 
Hy-Gain  dou Diets  employ  super-strength  aluminum  dud  single 
strand  steel  wire  elements  that  defy  deterioration  from  salt  water 
and  smoke  .  .  .  will  not  stretch  .  ,  -  withstand  hurricane-like 
winds.  SWR  less  than  1.5:1  on  all  bands.  Strong,  lightweight, 
weatherproof  center  insulators  are  molded  from  high  impact 
eyolac  Hardware  is  i  rid  ate  treated  to  MIL  specs.  Heavily  serrated 
7-inch  end  insulators  molded  from  high  impact  cyrolac  increase 
leakage  path  to  approximately  12  inches. 

MODEL  2BDG  for  40  and  80  meters.  100'  10W  overall.  Takes 

maximum  legal  power*  Shpg,  Wt.,  7,5  lbs  S 49.95 

Order  No*  380 

MODEL  5BDQ  for   10.  15,  20,  40  and  80  meters.  94*  overall. 

Takes  maximum  power.  Shpg,  Wt-,  12.2  lbs.  $79.95 

Order  No.  383 


CENTER     INSULATOR 
Band  Doublets  Model  CI 


for    Multi* 


Strong  lightweight*  weatherproof 
Mode]  C!  is  molded  from  high  impact 
cycolac.  Hardware  is  iridite  treated  to 
AOL  specs,  Accepts  5V  or  *4"  coaxial. 
Shpg.  Wt.,  0.6  fbs.  55.95  Order  No. 
155 


MULTI-BAND  ANTENNA 

Dipole  Antenna  —  Model  DI V-80 

$13.95 

For  10  thru  80  me  ten  —  choice  of  one  band 

A  dipole  antenna  for  the  individuals  who  prefer  the  "do-it-your- 
self" flexibility  of  custom -designing  an  antenna  for  your  specific 

needs,  (Work  the  frequencies  you  wish  in  the  10  through  80 
meters  bands). 

The  D1V-B0  features;  Durable  Copperweld  wire  for  greater 
strength,  Mosley  Dipole  Connector  (DPC-1)  for  RG-S/U  or 
RG-58/U  coax  and  all  the  technical  information  you  will  need  to 
construct  your  custom-designed  antenna. 


END  INSULATORS  for  Doublets  Model  El 

Rugged  7 -inch  end  insulators  are  molded  from  high  impact 
cycolac  that  is  heavily  serrated  to  increase  leakage  path  to 
approximately  12  inches.  Available  in  pairs  only.  Shpg*  WL*  0,4 
lbs,  $3.95  Order  No.  156 


Larsen  Antennas 

to  fit  Any  Mobile  Unit 


Magnetic  Mount  or  Gutter  Clamp  5/8  wave 
Specify,  2  meters,  220 ,  450,  1/4  wave 


$38.50 
$18.50 


rsen  Antennas 


Trunk  lid,  magnetic  mount  or  gutter  clamp  (specify) 
Specify  1 46,  220,  450  or  CB  -  $1 8,50 


3/0"  single  hole  mount 

5/8  wave  —$31.50 
1  /4  wave  -  $1 1 ,50 


Model  372  -  $27,50 


jfi  client 

0*4  <*Knfrom  fear 


COAXfAL  ANTENNA  CHANGEOVER  RELAY 


ftlerndl 


i  Hi  LlTi  UHitfWI 

frvul  1* 
Inpui  Li 
VenioftGMrt 
Output  L«**l 


9m 

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mo*i  of  i 

tar  it jntn  nan. 


WAN' 

S  millivolli  bn  20  PH>lM««ril 

tftatt 

KQ  miNiiQtti 

&0.<*W  ohm* 

V  aglj  tUfiffi  Mnvy, 

fN 


Model  377 -$T 7.95 


JfT, 


Economical  vhI  »*r.*ii*  Can  M  operated  trrym  VO*  ojrrxpt 
far  (omowwiy  auiWWic  oporiKsn  or  Irom  FIT  o*  manual 
T.'R  twitdt  R«ih»  input  n  «u icmirfcJl hf  grogndad  wiXKi 
th*  Fffljy  n  (ft  im  Transmit  pennon   uvid*  AC  operating 


l»nffli  ew  lhdo  **mits»i 
laihu  1  T(,  1    DC  >■  1*0  MHr 

>i/r  x  i-ur 


W-ejWeejle 


UNIVERSAL  HYBRID  COUPLER  II  PHONE  PATCH 


JQGZW  «nd  nwW  JOOlW 


CWWMCI     you*     iMitun     t0     m*     lHeprEH«     l.rwi      Frier 

s*.ifh.whs:ijtitit  msdn  o<vt  romahpn  n*«irj.!.ir  Mr 
Patching  the  itd1«ri  w  IN*  hnr  ami  for  M0<fr  wording  and 
iii.ivtMKi  lo  or  from  trie  line-  Qf  the  rtsfjar*  the  hytj*  nl 
.  If i  uir  £injuid«  lijr  ffPti5filuti  WOK  operation  qI  tin  prion* 
(jjirh,  A  built-in  ComfNvmnp  tpeecri  pri'flirir*lili»<t.H<rriir,ef 
Hn  Modtfi  30O2W!  inctiUMri  IM  i*v*l  of  -weak  pSorwugrwIi 
end  ilua  prpvcnli  awMiOrJiilatian  when  1h*  lOtei  ItflaatiQn* 
«  wend  41  ltie  it?i*n  milcfdpfKinfl,  ITht  Canv*"«T|P  *lic 
luftClons  3&  a  piwmplllar/lirnrtrar  wnTt>  Jh*  tUHS" 
fmcfopftone.  if  Mi<r«J1 


Model  300  2W  with  Compreamp 

-S1 25.00 


UH 


T*f* 


Model  300  1 W  without  Compreamp 

-  $85.00 


■pWefleae 

&m  Hff-iI-UTiT 

fatter  ft  HH  Jj-n-nr,  PuiftW  JU* 

Conmrtpn 


BARKER  &  WILLIAMSON,  INC. 


Model  359  -  $37.50 


*ot*  V«wn>fiBrH  f++«n.^e  epaocri  pomi  .jj  ft> 
four  rmi  Or  m*  ir  wilt  your  Up*  fetcrrjet  or  {nifcht 
■XVtn  vyturn  'nr  unarmed  iBtgrmmcr  Tfn«  ihq  t^t, 
TrtrtsHtorirtrji  Audio  Preamphlief/Ltfnirw  c«n  be  mad  with 
ill  1VPB  O"  Irarnmrttlft  Pauffrad  By  i  iorq  l^qtirlg  dry-CEll 
batlcty  Tto  »xlmrri#J  poiwei  neederi  Install*  willvxit  *rty 
Wiring  efunow  m  yQ\.g  rfsnlrrittnr  Imr  connnct  rhe 
Cffttyprternp  belwMn  yaur  microphone  ■RifJ.GOG  nlnn 
dynamir  ot  *i«rjr  imfHxlawe  t*ramic|  arvl  youi1  If^n^inillftr'a 
micrOphorw  tm  ""icint  f  jams  I  <rn.ii.iH  y*Jlijh  |t.^ 

vpy    bvpm    irw    Con^qpn^r    wrtwi    vju    wins     to 
ComprftHlon  kmiH  4  •rijunat*   too 


•ortm 


Output  L*nl 
Out(]>ii  lm<wfcine 

!""*■' 


COAXIAL  SWITCHES  AND  ACCESSORIES 

fv  witmn*  selection  md  Af  Hatching 


Ngl^0u*LiV 


n  the  tondami  for  lfo> 

C*mrnw  ttvifcAb  Wirft*  **aOF>4tor  <OA 

cO^Ductgri  frw  unnflOdTOlt  jMffo* 
jnd  rtf utility  trotn  *rf-o  Uffjuer>c«s  To  160  V", 


B&W  CDHtnl  wttcfo*  "f  dai«nK]  *tt»  ua*  wtTh  5?   to  J% 
ohm  ru>n-'B*:lrirt-  ItMdt,  ond  Wf  cow  raledal  1QCB  w»m 

AM,  20(10  watti  SSti  Corwiirf.KKf  ar*  UHF  type   imcrtion 
kni  (I  rwqfigitjle.  and  VS*VH  is  less  IhUn  t.2  1  i«0  10  t&0 

MHt, 


COAXIAL  SWITCH  SELECTOR  CHART 


owMnjnd  0DdG 


rv  MtlMt  lor  4*0*  ,  *ad.  est  carw*  mx^Tt*^  «4 
vrrti  or  wimcur  o*oi»<ln*  y  Dunonn  ot  mctno  outpuH 
HaduL  twl^ -TTrjijni«J>  tortownqf  cnoOtrH  cm  be  mutwt  *aJl 

or   pane!   mminitd     >kMl  |o*cfcplale-rnoL-rH*tai  connector 
ftorJeltir#  lor  pjntf  mounting  onJy,  iftV*  pari»j  ipter 

Uw   rr>e  teltcior  trurt  bfrow  to  cnoose  th*  modoU  vou 

notd. 


PRICE 

Output! 

Connector 

MOurllirl^ 

Automarif            Dni 

Grotftdrraj         Pittr 

KfotrtBfllA 

Moo>i 

P*f«i 

W*H 

Oik 

Riewnorki 

37« 

1 8.95 

6 

Anal 

» 

X 

Supplied 

PHOTAX  fttfrilcft   GTOundi  *i»  except  wNrcrr>d 
Output  r>rcuti 

37S 

18.95 

5 

Ratal 

a 

a 

■ 

Su&pJefedJ 

P  ROT  AX  feeitcti,  G  rounds  iii  e  »  eept  iofoct«d 
OuTfJul  Circuit  S«n|h  IfilCfr  POUTKin  grounds 

S50A 

1 4.00 

5 

Radiji 

i 

« 

DP  5 

5SOA2 

12.50 

2 

Radial 

K 

X 

l)P2 

5GTA 

17,50 

2 

Radial 

K 

* 

DP? 

Special  2  polo,  7  pom  ion  switch  uwd  to 
Switch  d^y  RF  dtviico  in  or  out  o'  urnai 

connecdcin  in  44.oaxi.il  ime  See  liqurc  loVeVl 

&SB 

,95 

— 

— 

K 

- 

Bracket  only,  lor  wall  mounting  ol  radial 
connector  twitches. 

^90 

17.95 

& 

Aftipj 

■ 

OP  5 

S90G 

17.95 

5 

Aumi 

■ 

H 

Suppled 

Ground*  #11  *«crp!  ietaci«d  Output  Circui" 

S92 

16.50 

2 

A*  Li  J 

* 

DP  2 

s9o 

1S.50 

e 

in-line* 

•      1 

[  n 

a 

Ground?  «!■  **C*0|  leiectarj  ouidmi  curcutt 

MtfoIGM 


«ab«Ui« 


For  all  you  hams  with  little  cars  ... 

We've  got  the  perfect  mobile  rig  for  you. 


I  ho  A I  trie  2lGx  or  215*  mnoanrap  only 
BvV  wide  X  BV4*  doap  x  only  J»  i"  hluh,  yril 
thn.ubove  phologrmph  shnwn  how  nnnllv  ths 
Atlas  irnLiftcoivor  fils  into  *i  rompsit-l  fjjr* 
And  them's  planty  of  roam  lo  Rpatn  fnr 
VI  IF  gear  and  other  accessory  ifquiprtirtni 
WiLb  the  exciusivR  At  Ins  plus-tn  flr^sn. 
you  can  slip  your  Alias  in  add  oul  of  your 
car  in  a  matter  of  seconds.  A  It  cprmnr  I  »nn* 
are  made  automatically 

BUT  DONT  LET  THE  SMALL  SIZE  FOOL 
YOGI 

Earn  tbmjgh  the  Allaa  2 ton  and  215*  ifufts 
uaitmja  ana  lm  than  hall  iba  sate  and 
w*t*ht  of  otber  HF  If aaacatwew.  The  Atlas 
h  truly  a  giant  in  pert c 


ran*  tan  fly  reflect  great  nurprliw  l!  titf  ilg- 
fld  I  Strength  in  tbJd  lion  lo  Iho  paw  If  ml  ln( 

Firti.  5  BAND  COVERAGE 
The  ZlOx  covers  Iu-bu  nifliwr*,  while  thu 
21 5*  covers  15-ifia  me  turn.  Ad*  In  in  lbs 
Atlas  Model  IGxCrysint  Oscillator  pruti(ji» 
(trendy  increased  frcqunnr>  oOVOfefi  fnr 
MARS  and  network  operation. 

NO  THAXSMTTTEB  TVSiSU  CJU 
[flADKG  CO\THOLS 
with  Alias'  totaJ  hraadbarulukK   Wilh  ><«ir 
Atlas  ymi  eel  instant  QSY  and  Imml 


EXCIFTIONAI  IMMUNITY  TO  STtOVG 
5KKAL  OVEKLOAD  AND  CStlSS  Mt)»- 
fLATWM,  The  exrimrve  From  end  dm  ign 
m  iha  raoawgr  aflpw  you  lo  yf»  *■  taaasr 
in  frequency  to-  strmsj  aenfbboriaa  sbjfiaki 
lhan  you  have  ever  experiaacad  bafora.  If 
vuti  hers  not  yet  operated  an  Atlas  trans- 
ceiver in  a  crowded  band  and  compared  it 
with  any  other  receiver  or  transceiver,  you 
have  a  real  thrill  coming. 


T  _3  _j  V.  \.  ^_^i? 

ri_ \  \  /  ifi 

Hk  !      fv^ 

F^T^B'   ^   ^ 

h, 

VY\ 

rlrf  i       A     ] 

V)  j\  w 

A     /    » 

"^lj/fe 

A  WOULD  WlDfc  DEALE*  NFTWOIIK  TO 
SERVE  YOU 

WtsftlliaryouVe  driving  a  Morula  In  Kansas 
City  or  e  Mercedes  Bnnt,  In  Wl>h|  Cinrninny, 
there's  an  Atlas  denier  near  you. 


ArlisZlOxor  ai&x    . 

ACCESSORIES: 

AC  C*IW>le  1 1 07320  V        .... 

rcirublr  AC  supply  1 10.220  V 

Plut-in  Mobile  Kit 

lOi  £***,  |e»  tfritai* 

Digital  Dial  DD»tiG 


SFt7 

11! 

IN 
ion  no 
in  chj 


WATTS  KmTB  1 ATTVG? 
rhai  power  lend  in  a  tnvti  pound 
incredible  but  true.  Alias 


I 
calvars  give  you  all  the  tali  power  you 
to  work  ibe  world  barefoot.  Signal  r* 


MOST  ADVANCED  STATE  OF  THE  ART 
Ml  LID  STATE  DESIGN 
not  only  accruals  for  its  Ugtit  wntgHi    but 
assures  yon  years  of  top  parfwHiftace  and 
tnuMe  free  operating  pasaaute 

PU<H\  ORCUTT  BOARDS 

and  Buukkr  design  ptuvaies  tor  aeas  of 
servicing. 


PHENOMENAL  SILECTmTY 

The  axdusm  9  pole  crystal  Ea drier  filter 
used  in  Atlas  tTmnscstrerf  taptaaenls  a 
ma  tor  breakthrough  fcn  f  -sign,  wtth 

unpramteirted  skirt  sesecUtltr  and  al' 
iimste  reiactian.  As  the  above  graph  shows, 
this  filter  provides  a  6  db  bnachwidilt  of 
3700  HevbL  60  db  down  of  ooly  4300  Ham. 
and  a  bandsridth  of  only  B2O0  Harts  at  120 
db  down'  Ultimate  rejection  ia  in  ascasa  of 
l  Xi  db:  greater  than  the  maasurbsg  tnnxtf 
of  most  lest  equipment. 


For  complete  dctatla  see  your  Atlas  > 

or  drop  as  a  card  and  well  mail  yea  a 

hrorimre  with  dealer  bat. 

45^  ATLAS 

*S?     RADIO    INC. 


mounts  - 


■  accessories 


IlL 


STANDARD    GAIN 
MOBILES 

TwosSeten 

-  b .- B   *a^  lenfth  —  X*  rjj  giJrt 

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MHi 

MDOLL   BBLT  1SI 

<f  jjitAFina  complete  *Hti  *Hf 
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Up  nidunl,  impact  Mnrirtx  ami  U 
MIL  SPEC  flG-SB-U  ind  W--»l, 
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Prtc#:  533  TS 
MODEL  BSL-IM 

4f   aniEnna   mi>ynTs  an  in   IW 
surtiCE.  focrf    d«h   or  ♦uttdf' 
Hi*  ho,a.  IncludM  irro*r«  KHnrw 
]  J  MEL  SPEC  RG-56-U  a"d  Pt-af 
Jliihififu  ffinc^nD  Ie  twi  ittdii" 

Frio   Ultt 
HUSTLER 
-aUCK^SUSTTER** 

«oacL  If  1 

51'  r-o 

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SUPER   GAIN 
Two  Meters 


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BSit*4 


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MOBILE    MOUNTS 


U 


►  SlZSIj  gam  cms  :  *  irfliv  mob!  Mr 

anlenru 

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MH; 

■  SWR  it  monirK:^        I  |  I v 1 1» i ■■■■ 
'  P^nef  retirtn  ■JOO  adIIi  f  M 

TWO  AND  BIX  METtal— 
TBUNK  LIP  MOUNT 
MODEL  HFT 

Fnur  Mclmr   islesn.-n       > WW 

iimLilf^ntuus  r«»n4rtf.fl  on  two 
and  v*  nwtera.  Ouei*!  Is>nn" 
nitigtrl'  tff"  C*impl*t»  Mtfi  trijnk 
I iD  mpurrt.  IT  MIL  3PCCJG41U 
ind  factiir>  ftttlClKd  Pt'^SS 

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Field  fciranub*  ntf  t*h»r  rw 
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•flC*d«d   «wuirti  vi  Vtf  Hat  1W- 

tK».  k**,  dtdi.  SHiear  to   V 
IririvOB  15    ao-S4J 

mm 


CQ1 


1) 


MDDEt  Cet-tSt 

Girt  6je  s^injl  |»fTtirm«n£3i.  mjh 
rior  tvcolvirie  eawfti%  wi^  ("it 
■b."  Cnhncar  ttttvhha  Mtv  if*MI 
latinn  -wi  *ide  nr  edKP  nf  Itii-H  lip 
*irhH>iJl  drillirni  —  complete  With 
17'N1LSPEC  RG-5a-U  and  I  I 

fViBN:S41.3Q 


MODEL   CD-TM 

S^rtin    i.tiArji:.!i  i  ■  I     ■■    f|    CQt'lW 

iiipphBd!  with  -i*"-24  tHW  El  fi!  .111 

mobtb  bull   nKn.T-- 

IS"      Mdahi!   and  u£>Ie    nnl   in 

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vw>uar  AHTENNS- 

TRUNH  LIF  MOUHT 

HQOC1  THF 

F»id  frmnuiMe  ndt«tar 

CUfSW    «|i«    OpffStkA     -"     «rnr 

ftsquencr  boM  t#btt  mhi 
OmiNv  csst  irsfwdta*  OMaliii 
wdn  tmes  Hp  mau<  ir  P&stu 


AJ1  n-sonators  are  precision  wound  with 
optimised  design  for  each  band.  Assem- 
bly Includes  17-7  PH  stainless  steel 
adjustable  tip  rod  for  lowest  SWR  and 
band  edge  marker.  Choose  for  medium 
or  high  power  operation, 

STANDARD  HUSTLER  RESONATORS 
Power  Ratina:  4D0  Wstti  SSB 


HW 


McxJel 

Band 

Price 

RM-10 

10  meters 

$  6.50 

RM-16 

1 5  rnators 

6.95 

RM  20 

20  mater-, 

7.30 

RM40 

40  meters 

13.30 

RM75 

7  5  meters 

15.50 

RM^flO 

60  meters 

1  'j  .'J.  i 

SUPER  HUSTLER  RESONATORS 
Power  Rating;  Le^ssl  Limit  SSB 
Supers  have  widest  bandwidth 


I 


■  i*i 


Model 

RM-10S 
RM-15S 
RM-20S 
RM40S 
RM  75S 
RM-8QS 


Band 

1 0  meters 
1 5  meters 
20  meters 
40  maters 
75  meters 
80  meters 


Price 
$11,30 
12.65 
13.00 
»5.50 
30.00 
30  40 


*>srv 


For  6-10-15-20*4^75*80  Meters 


HESonsTin  srams— 

SHUNLESS  STEEL 

BKHKL  SSS-I 


star} 


B&' 


■ 

7 


Faat 


HUSTLER 
MASTS 


•tseunsi 

Tuvrrt  uq 

zw  «dt»  O*  tfuf*  hd  hi- 
ckjsm  IT   BT>5a4J  con- 

PfK«  $i«a& 


MM! 


■wKTi    1B0 

bwlr  »«<■  pQ*tli0n»nf  s*> 

!Mv*U!rt*»»E*  as/— 

no  hotel  —  indtsteHon 
■ndudes  17    BQ.5a.1j 
cabfe   ana    conriectof* 
attKhsl  ?rp«    SIT  JO 


1 

Rim   4jwfl»r   rmwnl   f4i 

b*  I  vwiws,  #nrf£v  ^rtn 

■+\»ti  trcr,    l,n*   nfttsn 

lnr'irf*i    1I&-    »*,»«« 


ran  » 


MODEL   MM- 1 
Co*  I  mount  lnit*»s  in 
I"    hcile.    Include1;    S»" 
«wiv*l   nan   and  30-29 
COT  pec  ton 
Brie*:  JTJ50 


MOD  El  TQM-i 

fiunh  |nww  meuAt  in- 
mill  in  hi4d4t  pkj  or 
ir',»J»*  UriiVr  tnjnh  IW. 
Mounting  ruf0MS«S  in- 
t1"*^        Pftei   SB  00 


STli BLESS   STEEL 

FQfl 

flAT 

KtODEL  SSBB4 

r* 


FtMOf»  «  SJfT 


a  Titei~rr  a 
I-  ■  eLl     ■.fnf 


MODEL  C-32 

mount  cam  put* 
pith  FTB«niHns 

Ptk»:  SS  JO 


?'*m    S19 JO 

OUICH  DrSCDHhECT— 
IS»%    STAINLESS    5TEFL 
MODEL  OEM 

wrts 

Dhip 
ifeUH     .purj     ,;,d    #ll    |qrtt     IMH 
llal^liin  *'■■        ■»      ,"^    |«ii|Mt      -lllMII 

an*  ■«     n-^l.   ttiC   «hr 

frier,  ST&J9S 
FEED  LINE      uodel  l-j«« 

R*l  uncurl,  u»rk,i"i»r>4*  mininuin 
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Ii  n.i  m^lspec  2a  n-iri'i  i>r  i»n  »  n- 

I  iTilt        Tjp[>i|*d      Wllltl      LDinrillCITIHl      *l 

lichao   'nr   ti*E   *lin   lull    ir    ImH.ii*- 

Prlc»:  $6,&5 
MUDCL  Gfi  J44*  —  CJhIiih^i  pwp 
M*((?f   CuhneoT   far  Reprnlc  or   itn* 

■   itiitin/i   nper.iifw^    fi  tfb    - 
:  fci     j     '  ■    wabc    Li-pule     M»imi.irti 
fMH4l«n    At    Ifc   ^Sar^r- 

DC     iiuunriins.    kidi^r.i- 
■M  lu»rr  §*£trc;-i     !  i  w**B  ph*' 
HwwuypirwMr    Hfi|Pit    : 
■5vn«     1'    iwrHm     i  3  1    ur  SrH»» 
P^R-^r  raln>g    1  «H  vrmi  f  M    WintJ 
tuftfHt.   IQO  MBH    Inrtjiri  on  . 
UK    pifa    -»[>    to    I5.'    OB     S0£H 

PHt*^*aTJS 


or 


tfc*  Wonal 


Cdy»s  10  -  15    20    40 

Dfrtf  HifMlif  Op*n  DfW  S*ttHt|  ft' 

What*  E*tt«)  Cnfnp 


MOErEL  4-rnr 


■' 


• 


M0- 1 


Mfrl  * 


LowHt  SWff— PLW5 

fl#iYr1wi{«h  tt  jtl    brutal'     SWR 

|i  tO  I  cr  DttlBt  J I   bfinrj  fUBTS 

Huitler    enclnuvf     trap    cdwi 

"Spnlj"  exlrudcd  la  athtrrvlis  un< 

at.t&lntble  rlos#  ialc<r»nces  HSUF- 

inf  pK^urtt*  »nd   p«mt«n<Ht|  lr»Cj 

fsssninbi 

5rJlld  un«  irKh  Ffbcrf  FSutrxp  ftim*i 

Tot    optimum    electrical    ind    rne 

rninkii  itobllity 

Ertrj  httKV  rkily  Jlizfttioum  mnunr 

irt(   tmcKEl    trrllh     lo*    lOSf  — hefh 

itrcnfin  miuwton  Mountpng  HmG- 

Wtrt    ir.Clkjd*d 

All   SKtl«A|  t<4-  1k*«Mt  m",   h'Kfi 

Lenfllta  Zt  5* 
WQOEL  4-BTY 


Sluprlrii   iitti  iumfit  ptmiitlinfi 
*d!i>»Hw<'ii  «biti-iii>ii  lUmtfi  Ed  the 
ilumlnum  lubpng 
OuSfHtttSd  Ed  t»  Mlirtl  fltppmblr 

of  *ny  myil'-b«nd  wiim 

Anlehni  hit  1*'-?<  Hud  tl  top  la 

«Ctpt  RM-?!  tor  RM-7S-5  Hu.il Iff 

ftssnttor  tor  71  mtttr  upenttmn 

■h*fi  osniwi 

Top  *tj«l«ni  on  ?^  nrtufs  'nr  broad 

ef  b»n<twiaEli  end  nrftier  rtdiitiEin 

efln-iiprer' 

Feet)  *ilh  *n*t  lenelft  SO  onm  eoe^ 

Pi»*p  cjp*dUiPJV-i^il  Mftl  Itnttf 

en  sSO  or  Cw 

MiMpiiPi    QasjapJ  aawaj  bS9i  m 

wiS%oiit  radial*,  w  n»p  mewtt  *'l^ 


weigne  l»  las 


iwr 


TEN -TEC 


ARGONAUT 
#509 


AMPLIFIED 
#WJ5 


ARGONAUT,  MODE  L  509 

Covers  all  Amateur  bands  10-80  meters. 
9  MHz  crystal  filter.  2.5  kHz  bandwidth.  t/7 
shape  factor  @  6/50  dB  point i  Power 
required  12-15  VOC  @  150  mA  receive,  800 
mA  transmii  al  rated  output.  Const  ruction 
aluminum  chassis,  top  and  Ironi  p*me<> 
molded  plastic  end  panels  Cream  front 
panel,  walnut  vmyl  lop  and  end  mm.  Size 
HWD  4%M  *  13"  *  7",  We»ght  6  Jba. 

LINEAR  AMPLIFIER,  MODEL  405 

Covers  all  Amateur  bands  10  80  meters, 
B0    watts   output    power,    continuous  sim 


wave.  RF  waft  meter.  SWfl  meter,  Power 
required  1215  VDC  @  8  A,  max.  Construe- 
ummum  chassis,  top  and  from  panel , 
molded  plastic  side  panels.  Cream  front 
panel,  walnut  vinyl  top  and  end  trim.  Size 
HWD  AV7"  x  T4  x  S'r.  Weight  2\  lbs. 

Argonaut,  Model  509 S 329  00 

Linear  Amplrfier,  Model  405  ......  159.00 

Power  Supply.  Model  251 

(Will  power  both  unitsf . 79.00 

Power  Supply,  Model  210 

(Will  power  Argonaut  only)  ,_..._,.  27,50 


The  new  ultra-modern  Fully  solid  -state  TRITON  makes  operating  corner 
and  a  lot  more  fun,  without  the  limitations  of  vacuum  tubes. 

For  one  thing,  you  can  change  bands  with  the  flick  of  a  switch  and  no  danger 
of  off-resonance  damage.  And  no  deterioration  of  performance  with  age. 

But  that's  not  all   A  superlative  S-pole  i-f  filter  and  less  than  2% 
audio  distortion,  transmitting  and  receiving,  makes  it  the  smoothest 
and  cleanest  signal  on  the  air. 

The  TRITON  IV  specifications  are  impeccable.  For  selectivity,  stability  and 
receiver  sensitivity.  And  it  has  features  such  as  full  CW  break-in.  pre- 
selectable  ALC,  off-set  tuning,  separate  AC  power  supply,  12  VDC  operation, 
perfectly  shaped  CW  wave  form,  built-in  SWR  bridge  and  on  and  on. 

For  new  standards  of  SSB  and  CW  cominunication,  write  for  full  details 
or  talk  it  over  with  your  TEN-TEC  dealer.  We'd  like  to  tell  you  why  They 


Don't  Make  TEm  Like  They  Used  To"  makes  Ham  Radio  even  more  fun. 


TRITON  IV 


ACCESSORIES: 

Model  240  One-Sttty  Converter    *  97,00 

Model  244  Diptal  Readout  197.00 


Model  245  CW  Filter  _ f  25.00 

Model  249  Noise  Blanker .     2900 

Model  S52G  Power  Supply 99.00 

Modd  262G  Power  Supply^ VOX      129.00 


irar 

TEN -TEC 


KR20-A  ELECTRONIC  KEYER 

A  fine  instrument  for  all-around  high  perfor- 
mance electronic  keying.  Paddle  actuation 
force  is  factory  adjusted  for  rythmic  smooth 
keying.  Contact  adjustments  on  front. 
Weighting  factor  factory  set  for  optimum 
smoothness  and  articulation.  Over-ride 
"straight  key"  conveniently  located  for 
emphasis,  QRS  sending  or  tune-up.  Reed 
relay  output.  Sidr*tone  generator  with 
adjustable  level,  Sejf-compictinft  characters. 
Plug-in  circuit  board-  For  117  VAC*  fio-tiO 
Hz  or  6-14  VDC.  Finished  in  cream  and 
walnut  vinyl.  Price  $67,50 

KR5-A  ELECTRONIC  KEYER 

Similar  to  KR20-A  but  without  side -tone 
oscillator  or  AC  power  supply.  Ideal  for 
portable,  mobile  or  fixed  station.  A  great 
value  that  will  give  years  of  troublefree 
service.  Housed  in  an  attractive  case  with 
cream  front,  walnut  vinyl  top.  For  6-14 
VDC  operation.  Price  $38-50 

KR1-A  DELUXE  DUAL  PADDLE 

Paddle  assembly  is  that  used  in  the  KR5Q, 
housed  in  an  attractive  formed  aluminum 
case.  Price  S35.00 

KR2-A  SINGLE  LEVER  PADDLE 

For    keying    conventional  "TO"  or  discrete 


character   kevers.   as   used    in    the    K ft 20* A* 

Price  SI  5-00 

KR50  ELECTRONIC  KEYER 

A  completely  automatic  electronic  keyer 
fully  adjustable  to  your  operating  style  and 
preference,  speed,  touch  and  weithting,  the 
ratio  of  the  length  of  dits  and  da  lis  to  the 
space  between  them.  Self-controlled  keyer 
to  transmit  your  thoughts  clearly*  articu- 
lately and  almost  effortless.  The  jumbn 
(squeeze)  feature  allows  the  insertion  of  dits 
and  dahs  with  perfect  timing. 

An  automatic  weighting  system  provides 
increased  character  to  space  ratio  at  slower 
speeds,  decreasing  as  the  speed  is  increased, 
keeping  the  balance  between  smoothness  at 
low  speeds  and  easy  to  copy  higher  speed, 
High  intelligibility  and  rythmic  transmission 
is  maintained  at  all  speeds,  automatically. 

Memories  provided  for  both  dits  and 
dahs  but  either  may  be  defeated  by  switches 
on  the  rear  panel.  Thus,  the  KR50  may  be 
operated  as  a  full  iambic  (squeeze)  keyer, 
with  a  single  memory  or  as  a  conventional 
type  keyer.  All  characters  are  self-complet- 
ing. Price  $110.00 

SPECIFICATIONS 

Speed  Range:  6-50  w.p.m. 
Weighting    Ratio    Range:    50%    to    150%    of 
classical  dit  length. 


Memories:     Dit   and   dah.    Individual   defeat 
^         switches. 

Paddle  Actuation  Force:  5-50  gms. 

Power    Source:    117 VAC,    50-60    Hz,    6-14 

VDC. 
Finish:    Cream  front,   walnut  vinyl  top  and 

side  panel  trim. 
Output:    Reed  relay.  Contact  rating  15  VA, 

400  V.  max. 
Paddles;    Torque    drive    with    ball    bearing 

pivot. 
Side-tone:  500  Hz  tone. 
Adjustable  output  to  1  volt. 
Size  HWD:  2Wl  x  5W  x  BW* 
Weight:  114  lbs. 


TEN-TEC 


KR50 


NORTH  SHORE 


RFYTECHnology 


DUPLEXER  & 

CAVITY 

KITS... 


NOW  AVAILABLE  FOR  YOU 
FULLY  ASSEMBLED  &  TUNED! 

UPGRADE  YOUR  REPEATER  WITH  AN 

RF TECHNOLOGY  DUPLEXER. 
ALL  DUPLEXERS  AND  CAVITIES  ARE 
TEMPERATURE  COMPENSATED  WITH 
INVAR®  AND    MEET    ALL    COMMER- 
CIAL STANDARDS 

ONLY   TOP  QUALITY  MATERIALS  GO 
LNTO  OUR  PRODUCTS. 
BOTH    KITS   &    ASSEMBLED    DUPLEX- 
ERS AND  CAVITIES  ARE  AVAILABLE 
TO  YOU  AT  A  SAVINGS  TO  YOU. 


Mod.  62-3  .  . 
loss  0.6  tfta  with 


.  6  eav,.  2  Tntr..  insertion 
Liolattoti  too  db  typical; 


pwr*  3 B0  m.  Kit  $399  ea.  —  Assembled 
•499. 

Mod.  4220*3  , .  .  4  ear.  220  MHr 
uwrtton  los  0,6  db  with  SO  db  isolation 
typical;  pwt.  350  w.  Kit  *279  *a.  — 
Assembled  $3  49. 

Mod.  4440-3  ...  4  cav.  440  MHz. 
insertion  Loss  0.6  db  with  80  db  isolation 
loss  0.6  db  with  SO  db  isolation  typical: 
pm.  350  w.  Kits  £249  ea_  —  Assembled 
4329. 

Mod,  30  Caviiy  Ktt»:  2  mtr.  ITS  ea.. 
220  MHz  9Gb  **.,  440  MHz  *G5  ea.;  6 
mir.  fllS  ea.  Add  *I5  for  Assembled  Kit. 

Also  available :  6  ra».,  4  c*v.  Kit  J399 

—  Assembled  *499,  2  mtr.  4  cat.  Kit  $299 

—  Assembled  *399.  440  MHz  TV  Repealer 
Duple  iter. 


Now  You  Can  Receive  The  Weak  Signals  With  The    ALL  NEW 


Model  PT  2  it  a  ponlinuuuf  tuning  b-160 
meleT  Pre  \mp  specific*!  I*  designed  fur 
me  with  ■  transceiver.  The  PT  2  com 
bines  the  features  of  Ike  well  known  PT 
with  new  sophisticated  eonlral  t  irruitn 
thai  permits  it  to  be  added  to  virtual!* 
any  Iranareher  with  %u  modification. 
No   serious    ham    ran    be    without 


AMECO 


•  Improves  sensitivity  and  agnal  lo- noise  ratio. 

•  Boosts  signals  up  to  26  db. 

•  For  AM  or  SSB. 
m  Bypasses  itself  au  torn  a  brail  v  when  the  transceiver  ia  traflamrtling- 

•  I"  hi  amplifier  gi*ea  superior  cross  modulation  protection. 

•  \<ham  erl  solid -state  circuitry. 

•  Simple  lo  install, 

•  Improves  immunity  lo  transceiver  front -end  overload  b*  use  of  it*  built  in  attenuator, 

•  Provide*  master  power  control  for  station  equipment . 


model  et  i 


$69.95 


PREAMPLIFIER 


Gain    (over    isotropic 


•  ModH  TA-33 

•  3  Element* 

•  10,1     db     Forward 
source) 

•  20  db  Front -to- Back  Ratio 

The  Mosley  TA-33,  3<lement  beam  provides 
outstanding  10,  15  and  20  meter  perfor- 
mance. Exceptionally  broadband  —  gives 
excellent  results  over  full  Ham  bandwidth. 
Incorporating  Mosley  Famous  Trap-Master 
traps.  Power  Ratine  -  2KW  P.E.P.  SSB,  The 
TA-33  may  also  be  used  on  40  meters  with 
TA-40K.R  conversion.  Complete  with  hard- 
ware, SI 98. 1  5 

MULTI-BAND  BEAMS 

TRAP  MASTER  33  ...  10,  15  &  20  Meters 

•  Model  TA-33Jr. 

•  3  Elements 

•  10.1      db     Forward     Gain     (over     isotropic 
source) 

•  20  db  Front -to-Back  Ratio 

The  TA*33Jr  . ..  incorporates  Mosley  Trap 
Master   Junior   traps.  This  is  the  low  power 
brother  of  the  TA-33.  Power  Rating  —  1  KW 
P.E.P,  SSB.  SI  44.45 


TA-33JR.  POWER  CONVERSION  KIT 
MODEL  MPK-3 

Owners  of  the  Musley  Trap-Master  TA*33Jr. 
may  obtain  higher  power  without  buying  an 
entirely  new  antenna,  The  addition  of  the 
MPK-3  (power  conversion  kit)  converts  the 
TA-3.JJ1 .  into  essentially  a  new  antenna  with 
7  50  wmtti  AM/CW  and  2000  watts  P.E.P. 
SSB*  $49.65 


TRAP  MASTER  36  .  ,  .  10,  15  &  20  Meters 

•  Model  TA  -36 

•  6  Elements 

•  Forward  Gain  (over  isotropic  source)  -  10.1 
db  on  15  it  20  meters,  11.1  db  on  10 
meters. 

From-tu-Back  Ratio  on  ail  bands,  20  db. 
This  wide-spaced.  Six  element  configuration 
employs  4  operating  elements  on  10  meters.  3 
operating  elements  on  15  meters,  and  3 
operating  elements  on  20  meters.  Automatic 
bands  witching  is  accomplished  through 
Mosley  exclusively  designed  high  impedance 
parallel  resonant  **Trap  Circuit.""'  The  TA-36  is 
designed  for  1000  watts  AM/CW  or  2000 
watts  P.EJ*.  SSB.  Traps  are  weather  and  dirt 
proof,  offering  frequency  stability  under  all 
weather  conditions.  $328.35 


MOSLEY  AK-60  MAST  PLATE  ADAPTER 
Mast  Plate  Adapter  for  adapting  your  Mosley 
IVi"  mounted  beam  to  fit  2"  OD  mast. 
Complete  with  angle  and  hardware.  $9.85 


NATIONAL  RADIO  COMPANY,  INC. 

NRCt 


m  NCL-2000 
Linear  Amplifier.  A  full  10  Ob  gain,  20  watt 5 
in  2000  watts  out.  Can  be  driven  with  one 
watt.  Continuous  duty  design  utilizes  two 
8122  ceramic  tetrode  output  tubes,  designed 
for  both  AM  and  SSB  operation.  The  industry 
standard  for  12  years.  Thousands  in  use  all 
over  the  world.  Price:  SI  ,200 


NCX-1OO0 

The  only  1000  watt,  "single  package"  trans- 
ceiver. Heavy  duty  design  .  .  *  results  of  50 
years  of  design  leadership  in  amateur  equip- 
ment»  State  of  the  art  speech  processing* 
linear  amplifier,  power  supply, 
package.  Nothing  extra  to  buy, 
amateur  bands  in  HF  spectrum  . . 
CW.  Price:  $1,600 


all    in   one 

Covers  all 

.  AM.  SSB, 


10,  15  &  20  Meters 


Gain     (over    isotropic 


on    15  &   20 


CLASSICS  . 
ModelCL-33 

•  3  Elements 

•  l(Ll      db      Forward 
source)  on  all  bands. 

•  20    db    Ftont-to-Back    Ratio 
meters,  15  db  on  10  meters. 

BRIDGING  THE  GAP  ,  ..  The  Classic  33. 
combines  the  best  of  two  Mosley  systems. 
Incorporating  Mosley  Classic  Feed  System  for 
a  "Balanced  Capacitive  Matching"  system 
with  a  feed  point  impedance  of  52  ohms  at 
resonance,  and  the  Famous  Mosley  Trap- 
Master  Traps  for  "weather-proof"  traps  with 
resonant  frequency  stability,  This  extra 
sturdy  multi-band  beam,  Model  CL-33,  for 
operation  on  10,  15  &  20  meters  features 
improved  boom  to  element  clamping*  stainless 
steej  hardware,  balanced  radiation  and  h 
longer  boom  for  even  wider  element  spacing. 
Power  Rating  —  2  KW  P.K.P.  SSB.  Recom- 
mended mast  size  —  2*'  OD.  Wind  Load  —  120 
lbs.  at  80  MPH.  Approx.  shipping  weight  ■  -  45 
lbs.  $223.90 


CLASS  IC-36 
lei  CL-36 


.  10,  15  &  20  Meters 


Gain     (over    isotropic 
meters,  11.1  db  on  10 


•  6  Elements 

•  10.1      db     Forward 
source)  on  15  &  20 

meters. 

•  20  db  Front-to-Back  Ratio  on  all  bands. 
The  Classic  3fi.  like  the  smaller  Classic  33, 
incorporates  both  the  Mosley  World- Famous 
Trap-Master  Traps  and  the  Mosley  Classic 
Feed-Systemt  Designed  to  operate  on  10,  16 
&  20  meters,  this  multi-band  beam  Model 
CL-36,  employs  the  high  standards  of  quality 
construction  found  in  all  Mosley  products. 
The  boom -to -mast  clamping  assures  stability 
with  a  time-tested  arrangement  of  mast  plate, 
cast  aluminum  clamping  blocks  and  stainless 
steel  U -bolts,  The  exclusive  "Balanced  Capaci- 
tive Matching"  system  has  a  feed  point 
impedance  of  52  ohms  at  resonance.  Wind 
Load  —  210.1  lbs.  at  80  MPH.  Power  Rating 

—  2  KW  P.EP.  SSB.  Recommended  mast  size 

—  2"  OD.  Approx.  shipping  weight  —  71  lbs. 
via  truck.  $298.50 


CLASSIC-203  ...  20  Meters 
Model  CL-203 
3  Elements 

•  10.1      db     Forward     Gain     (over    isotropic 
source) 

•  20  db  Front -to*  Back  Ratio 
Incorporating  the  Mosley  patented  Classic 
Feed  System,  this  fuH  size  20  meter  single- 
band  beam  has  1  Mi"  to  3/S"  dia.  "swaged" 
elements  wide  spaced  on  a  2"  dia.  24'  boom . 
Maximum  element  length -37'  SW\  The  high 
standards  in  quality  construction  established 
by* Mosley  in  over  a  quarter-century  of  manu- 
facturing is  reflected  in  this  mono-band  .  .  . 
Model  CL-203.  Boom-to-mast  clamping 
assures  stability  with  a  time- tested  arrange- 
ment of  mast  plate,  cast  aluminum  clamping 
blocks  and  stainless  steel  U-bolts.  The  exclu- 
sive "Balanced  Capacitive  Matching1'  System 
has  a  nominal  feed  point  impedance  of  52 
Ohms  at  2  KW  P.E_P.  SSB.  Recommended 
mast  size-2,T  O.D*  Approx.  shipping  wt:  42 
lbs.  via  truck,  $227,65 


40  METER  CONVERSION  KIT  MODEL  TA- 
40  KR 

Work  40  meters  in  addition  to  10,  15  St  20 
meters  by  using  a  TA-40KR  conversion  kit  on 
the  radiator  element  of  the  TA-33  and  TA-36. 
(Beams  with  broad  band  capacitive  matching 
may  not  be  converted*)  Convert  the  TA*33Jr. 
with  the  MPK-3  (power  conversion  kit)  before 
adding  the  TA-4QKR  kit.  $83.45 


SIGNAL-MASTER  ANTENNA 
Beam  Antenna  .  .  ,  Model  S-402  for  40  meters 
For  a  top  signal  needed  to  push  through  forty 
meter  QRM,  the  Mosley  Signal  Master  S-402 
will  do  the  trick!  This  100%  rust-proof 
2 -element  beauty  constructed  of  rugged 
heavy -wall  aluminum  is  designed  and  engi- 
neered to  provide  the  performance  you  need 
for  both  DX  hunting  and  relaxing  in  a  QRM 
free  rag-chewing  session.  Beam  is  fed  through 
link  coupling,  resulting  in  an  excellent  match 
over  the  entire  bandwidth,  $257.50 


A  new  precision  clock  which  tells  time  anywhere  in  the  world  at  a 
glance,  has  been  announced  by  Yaesu  Electronics  Corporation.  The  time  in 
any  principal  city  or  time  zone  can  be  simultaneously  coordinated  with 
local  time  on  a  24  hour  basis.  After  the  initial  setting,  as  the  clock  runs,  a 
Time  Zone  Hour  Disc  advances  automatically,  showing  correct  time  all 
over  the  world  without  further  adjustment.  The  clock  is  especially 
designed  to  withstand  shock  and  may  be  hung  on  a  wall  or  placed  on  its 
desk  mount.  The  clock  will  run  an  entire  year  on  a  single  1 .5  volt  flashlight 
battery  and  the  mechanism  starts  as  soon  as  the  battery  is  inserted.  It 
measures  six  inches  in  diameter  by  two  and  one  half  inches  deep.  An 
excellent  item  for  the  business  office,  ham  radio  operator,  short  wave 
listener,  boat  owner,  and  others  who  want  an  accurate  dependable  clock. 

Priced  at  $30,  it  is  available  at  all  authorized  Yaesu  dealers  in  the 
United  States. 


Now... more  than  ever — 
the  TEMPO  line  means  solid  value 


'     ..it 


Tempo  VHF/ONE 


the  "ON t'"  you've  been  waiting  thr 

No  nHd  to  *r*rt  my  lefigv  -  Itili  n  rt1  Whether  you  ir*  *kwft  on 
2-motar  «nd  w*ni  i&me1ii\n  beltpt  or  yew  t*  |uit  thinking  erf  gftlrnq 
tn»  ft,  the  VHF/GttE  »  iti«  wry  to  §o 

■  *un  2  nmrti  b*id  ix>"i"i|^  HUlt  1*1  MHj  tar  Irmimwm*  matt  i «hm.  * 
t"uH  0lna  «Bch  «Tr>fwviwf  IfLLF  •*  ■*»  dwn«fl  ■ryirrtr  mrm  ntptmi  • 
tl      I      I  «*  h#H«*#ll  -  *  A  ■  towig  ■  f     ..*  ■  >,»-  iHft   **#«  - 
Mwi4i«i  'PfftiHiffp  **MWHrrHB  APlr   *&<M#rLED 


'  !•»' 


'  VWF.flOfM 


m  ilw  i 


VHP  *0«  i 
VKQ*w<i 


HIT  j 


HS4Q 


ATLAS  350-XL 


ALL  SOLID  STATE 
SSB  TRANSCEIVER 


350  WATTS  P.EP,  OR  CW  INPUT 
10  THROUGH  160 
METER  COVcRAGE 


Illustrated  with 
optional  AC  supply. 
Auxiliary  VFO,  and 

Digital  Dial, 

The  alt  new  Atlas  350-XL  has  all  the  exciting  new  features  you 
want ,  plus  superior  performance  and  selectivity  control  never  before 
possible. 

•  10460  METERS 

Full  coverage  of  all  six  amateur  bands  in  500  kHz  segments.  Primary 
frequency  control  provides  highly  stable  operation.  Also  included  is 
provision  for  adding  up  to  10  additional  500  kHz  segments  between 
2  to  22  MHz  by  plugging  in  auxiliary  crystals, 

•  350  WATTS 

P.E.P.  and  CW  input.  Enough  power  to  work  the  world  barefoot! 

IDEAL  FOR  DESKTOP  OR  MOBILE  OPERATION 
Measuring  jusl  5  in.  high  x  12  in.  wide  x  1  2^4  in.  deep*  and  weighing 
only    13   pounds,    the   Atlas  350-XL    offers   more  features,  perfor- 
mance an<l  value  than  any  other  transceiver,  regardless  of  size,  on 
the  market  today! 


•  SELECTIVITY  CONTROL 

This  amazing  new  breakthrough  in  filter  design  is  truly  the  filter  of 
the  future.  Selectivity  control  on  the  front  panel  provides  control  of 
bandwidth  as  well  as  selection  of  upper  or  lower  sideband,  or  double 
sideband.  Continuously  variable  from  300  to  2700  Hz  bandwidth. 
Shape  factor  Is  better  than  1,7,  with  ultimate  rejection  better  than 
130  dB.  Selectivity  for  SSB  can  be  set  for  maximum  voice  fidelity  at 
2700  Hz  bandwidth,  providing  transmission  and  reception  of  audio 
from  300  to  3000  Hz,  or  it  can  be  narrowed  down  to  2400,  2100  or 
even  1500  Hz  if  necessary  to  reduce  adjacent  channel  QRM. 
Selectivity  can  be  narrowed  gradually  to  as  little  as  300  Hz  for  CW 
reception. 

This  amazing  new  breakthrough  in  filter  design  is  by  Bob 
Crawford  and  Eckerl  Argo  of  Consulting  Engineers.  Atlas  Radio  is 
privileged  to  be  first  to  offer  this  "programmable  filter"  in  the  radio 
communication  field  and  for  sometime  to  come  will  be  the  only 
one, 

•  RECEIVER  INCREMENTAL  TUNING 

•  AUDIO  FREQUENCY  NOTCH  FILTER 

•  PUSH  TO  TALK 

•  VOX  OPERATION 

•  FULL  BREAK-IN  CW  OPERATION 

MODEL  350OCL , *995 

•  DIGITAL  DLAL  READOUT 

The  Atlas  350-XL  has  space  provided  for  quick  installation  of  this 
plug- in  accessory.  Provides  precise  frequency  readout  within  50  Hz. 
All  L.E.D.  Dot  Matrix  6  digit  display. 
DD6-XL  DIGITAL  DIAL   .  . $1 95 

•  PLUG-IN  AUXILIARY  VFO  or  CRYSTAL  OSCILLATOR 

Auxiliary  VFO  is  plugged  into  the  space  provided  on  the  front  panel 
of  the  350-XL.  You  have  a  second  tuneable  VFO  with  same  tuning 
ranges  as  primary  VFO  for  tuning  to  a  separate  transmit  or  receive 
frequency.  LEDs  indicate  which  VFO,  primary  or  secondary,  will  be 
used  for  receive  and  transmit. 

Or  instead  of  the  auxiliary  VFO  a  Crystal  Oscillator  may  be 
plugged  into  the  front  panel.  Eleven  crystal  sockets  are  available 
with  a  vernier  control  for  exact  frequency  setting. 

MODEL  305  AUXILIARY  VFO $1 55 

MODEL  311  AUXILIARY  CRYSTAL  OSCILLATOR  .  . .$135 

•  350-PS  MATCHING  AC  SUPPLY 

Includes  front  facing  speaker  and  phone  jack.  Provides  14  volts 
filtered  and  regulated  D.C.  for  both  low  current  and  high  current 
circuits  of  the  250-XL,  Internal  space  provided  for  future  installa- 
tion of  accessories  such  as  CW  Keyer,  Speech  Processor,  Phone 
Patch,  etc.  Operates  on  100-130  or  200-260  volts,  50-60  Hz    .  .$195 

•  SAME  PLUG-IN-AND-GO  MOBILE  FEATURE  AS  OUR 
FAMOUS  210x/215x 

The  350-XL  has  its  own  optional  Mobile  Mounting  Bracket  for 
quick,  easy  plug-in  or  removal  from  your  car.  All  connections  are 
made  automatically  .  _  .  ,  . , * $65 

•  ATLAS  2l0x/21 5x  SSB  TRANSCEIVERS 

Our  famous  little  compact  SSB  Transceivers  remain  a  very  impor- 
tant part  of  our  product  line mm  m  m  9  ,$€79 

With  noise  blanker  installed .$719 


***« 

«*»* 


Nc.  f  14  3ZOOQ3  -  tflJO 

NO.  114-333003.  -  ft'iti  -  410.30 


No.  114  330001  -»J0 
No.  1 14-372O01  -  Br*u  -  tB. 


Mo.  1 14  310O0J  -  SB  J5 
tin.  1 14  317-003  -  Brisi  -  SB 


NYE  VIKING  SPEED-X  KEYS 

NYE  VIKING  Standard  Speed-X  keys  feature  smooth,  adjustable 
bearings,  heavy-duty  silver  contacts,  and  are  mounted  on  a  heavy 
oval  die  cast  base  with  black  wrinkle  finish.  Available  with 
standard,  or  Navy  knob,  with,  or  without  switch,  and  with  nickel 
or  brass  plated  key  arm  and  hardware. 

Pamper  yourself  with  a  Gold-Plated  NYE  VIKING  KEY! 

Model  No.  114-31C-004GF  has  all  the  smooth  action  features  of 
NYE  Speed-X  keys  in  a  special  "presentation"  model.  All 
hardware  is  heavily  gold  plated  and  it  is  mounted  on  onyx-like  jet 
black  plastic  sub-base.    List  price  is  $50.00. 


NYE  VIKING  SQUEEZE  KEY 

Extra-long*  finger-fitting  molded  paddles  with 
adjustable  spring  tension,  adjustable  contact 
spacing.  Knife-edge  bearings  and  extra  large, 
gold  plated  silver  contacts!  Nickel  plated  brass 
hardware  and  heavy,  die  cast  base  with 
non-skid  feet.  Base  and  dust  cover  black 
crackle  finished.  SSK-1  —  $23.45. 
SSK-1CP  has  heavily  chrome-plated  base  and 
dust  cover.  List  price,  $29-95. 

You  get  a  sure,  smooth,  Speed-X  model 
310-001  transmitting  key,  linear  circuit  oscillator  and  amplifier,  with  a 
built-in  2"  sneaker,  all  mounted  on  a  heavy  duty  aluminum  base  with 
non-skid  feet.  Operates  on  standard  9V  transistor  type  battery  {not 
included).  List  price,  $18,50. 

PHONE  PATCH  Model  No.  250-46-1  measures  6-1/2"  wide.  2-1/4" 
high  and  2-7/8"  deep.  List  price,  $36,50.  Model  250-46-3,  designed  for 
use  with  transceivers  having  a  built-in  speaker,  has  its  own  built-in  2**  x 
6"  2  watt  speaker.  Measures  6-1/2"  wide,  2-1/4"  high  and  2-7/8"  deep. 
List  price,  $44.50. 


r—7 ■*      No.nK1t23.flfi 

|  ^        No.  SSK-ICP-ChfCkrti*  -  S2S.9S 

CODE  PRACTICE  SET 


The  indispensable 
BIRD  model  43 
THRULINE® 
Wattmeter 


BiiVQ 


PRICE 

SI  10 

40 
35 
50 
27 
47 
75 


MODEL 

43 

Elements  (Table  1)2-30  MHz 

Elements  (Table  1)25-1000  MHz 

Elements  (Table  2) 

80F.  80M  5W 

B080QCN(M)  25W 

S085QC-N(M)  SOW 

Mini  monitor* 


Read  RF  Watts  Directly-  "I 

0.45-2300  MHz,  1-10,000  watts  ±5%,  Low  Insertion 
VSWR-1,05. 

Unequalled  economy  and  flexibility:  Buy  only  the 
element(s)  covering  your  present  frequency  and  power 
needs,  add  extra  ranges  later  if  your  requirements 
expand. 


Table  1 

STANDARD 
ELEMENTS 
< CATALOG 
NUMBERS) 


Power 
Range 


5 

10 

25 

50 

100 

2  SO 

500 

1000 

2500 

5000 


watts 

watts 

watts 

watts 

watts 

watts 

watts 

watts 

watts  | 

watts  I 


Frequency  Bands  (MHz) 


2- 

30 


25- 


so- 
us 


100- 

2  SO 


200- 
5O0 


400- 
1000 


50  H 
100H 

250H 

500H 

100QH 

250OH 

500OH 


5A 
10A 

25A 

50A 

100  A 

250A 

50GA 

1000  A 


SB 

10B 

25  R 

SOB 

1008 

2508 

5008 

10006 


5C 

10C 

25C 

50C 

100C 

250C 

500C 

1000C 


5D 

10D 

25D 

SOD 

100D 

250D 

■300D 

1000D 


Table  2 

LOW- 
POWER 
ELEMENTS 


1  watt 

Cat.  No. 

2.5  watts                  C 

6O-80    MHz 

060-1 

60-80    MHz 

80-95    MH? 

060-1 

80-95    MHz 

95-125  MHz 

095-1 

95-150  MHz 

J    110-160  MHz 

110-1 

150-250  MHz 

150-250  MHz 

150-1 

200-300  MHz 

200300  MHz 

200-1 

250-450  MHz 

275-450  MHz 

275-1 

40O-Q5O  MHz 

425-650  MHz 

4250 

800-950  MHz 

800-950  MHz 

800-1 

5E 

10E 

25  E 

50E 

1O0E 

250E 

500E 

1000E 


Cat.  No. 


060-2 
080-2 
095-2 
15G-2 
200-2 
250-2 
400-2 
800-2 


Novice  Crystals  (Specify  Band  Only) 


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Motorola  HT  220  Crystals 


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SERIES  31  —  BNC  CONNECTORS 

Amphenol^fi  BNC  coruifictors  are  small,  ligikt weight,  weatherproof 
connectors  with  bayonet  action  for  quick  disconnect  applications. 
Shells,  coupling  rings  and  male  contacts  are  accurately  machined 
from  brass.  Springs  are  made  of  beryllium  copper.  All  parts  in  turn 
are  ASTROplated®  to  give  you  connectors  that  can  take  constant 
handling,  high  temperatures  and  resist  abrasion. 


BNC  BULKHEAD  RECEP- 
TACLE 31-221*385  UG4094 
Mates  with  any  BNC  plug. 
Receptacle  can  be  mounted 
into  panels  up  to  104"  thick* 
$1.25 

BNC  (M)  TO  UHF  (F)  ADAP- 
TER 309-2900-385  UG-225 
Adapts  any  BNC  jack  to  any 
UHF  plug.  $3.63 
DOUBLE  MATE  ADAPTER 
8  3-877*385  Both  coupling 
rings  are  free  turning.  Con- 
nects   2    female    components. 

JACK  ADPATER  $1.95 

575-102*385  Adapts 
83-1SP-385  to  Motorola  type 
auto  antenna  jack  or  pin  jack. 
PANEL  RECEPTACLE 
8  3-1R-385  S0239  Mounts 
with  4  fasteners  in  21/32" 
diameter  hole.  $1.17 
PANEL  RECEPTACLE 
83-878-385  S0239SH  Mounts 
in  single  21/32"  diameter 
hole.  Knurled  lock  nuts  pre- 
vent turning.  $1.59 
BNC  ANGLE  ADAPTER 
31-009-385  UG-306  Adapts 
any  BNC  plug  for  right  angle 
use.  $4.23 

BNC  TEE  ADAPTER 
31-008-385  UG-274  Adapts  2 
BNC  plugs  to  31-003-385  or 
other  female  BNC  type  recep- 
tacle. $4.56 


SERIES  581  —PACKAGED  CABLE  ASSEMBLIES 

All  popular  lengtfts  are  now  available  in  your  choice  of  RG  8/U  or  RG 
58/U  type  low  loss  poly  foam  dielectric  cable.  Installed  PL-259  connec- 
tors are  AS  TR  Opiated  —  Amphenol's  new  n  on -tarnishing  finish  —  which 
has  all  the  advantages  of  precious  metal  plus  more  heat,  corrosion  and 
abrasion  resistors  that  silver  ever  had!  These  cable  assemblies  are  ideal  for 
CB,  ham  radio  and  other  communications  antenna  installations  and  they 


are  ready  for  immediate  use. 


UG-1094 


575-102-385 


BNC(F)  TO  UHF  <M)  ADAP- 
TER 31-028*385  UG*273 
Adapts  any  BNC  plug  to  any 
UHF  jack.  $2.39 
PUSH-ON  8  3- ISP -3  85 
&3-5SP-385  Features  an  un- 
threaded, springy  shell  to  push 
fit  on  female  connectors. 
$2.27 

LIGHTNING  ARRESTOR 
575-105-385  Eliminates  static 
build-up  from  antenna.  Pro* 
tects  your  valuable  equipment 
against  lightning  damage, 
$4.80 

BNC  PLUG  31-002*385  UG- 
88  Commonly  used  for  com- 
munications antenna  lead 
cables.  For  RG  55 /U  &  RG 
58/U  cables.  $1.59 
BNC  STRAIGHT  ADAPTER 
31-219-385  TJG-914  1  9/32" 
long,  allows  length  of  cables  to 
be  joined.  Mates  with  BNC 
plugs,  $2.12 

BNC  PANEL  RECEPTACLE 
31-003-385  UG-290  Mounts 
with  4  fasteners  in  29/64" 
diameter  hole.  $1.74 


83-877-385 


S0239 


UG-290 


S0239SH 


&f 


UG-306 


UG*274 


83-5SP-385 


UG-273 


575-105-385 


OH^ 


UG-88 


UG-914 


RG  8/U  TYPE  POLYFOAM 
COAXIAL  CABLE  ASSEM- 
BLIES 581-803  3-ft.  with 
A  STR  Opiated  FL-259's  on 
both  ends.  $5.60 
581-820  20-fit  with  ASTRO- 
plated  PL-259's  on  both  ends. 
$11.80 

581-850  50-fit  with  ASTRO- 
plated  PL-2591s  on  both  ends. 
$23.10 

581*875  7  5- fit  with  ASTRO* 
plated  PL-259's  on  both  ends. 
$30.30 

581-8100       lOO-ft,       with 
ASTROplated      PL-259Js      on 
both  ends,  $38.50 
RG   58/U  TYPE  POLYFOAM 
COAXIAL     CABLE     ASSEM- 
BLIES   581*5812    12-ft.    with 
ASTROplated      PL-259's      on 
both  ends.  $6.34 
581*5820   20-ft  with  ASTRO* 
plated    PL-259'S    on    one    end 
and      SPADE      LUGS      ON 
OTHER  END.  $6.30 
518-5820*2      20-ft.      with 
ASTROplated     PL-259's      on 
both  ends.  $7.36 
581-5850  50-ft.  with  ASTRO- 
plated PL*259ss  on  both  ends. 
$11.20 

581-5875  75-ft. 
Plated  PL-259's 
$14.00 

581-58100  100*ft«  with 
ASTROplated  PL-259's  on 
both  ends.  $16.10 


with  A5TRO- 
on  both  ends, 


Super  Amp 


from 


Denffon- 


Match  everything  from  Ibo  to  xo 
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NEW  The  Morulor  Tuner  whs  onioned  be- 
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ui  they  warned  a  3  Kilowatt  tuner  with  i 
buil  i  *n  wattmeter,  a  front  panel  antenna 
Baaeciar  for  cot*,  tranced  ine  and  random 
Wire  So  w*  engineered  Che  160-10rn  Monitor 
Tune*,    It'i  a  lifetime  Nwwtmant  at  S299.50 


$299-50 


$499.  SO 


If  the  umplifiar  you're  thinking  nf  buying  doesn't,  deliver  et  lOMt  1000  to  1200  watts  output, 
to  the  antenna,,  you're  buying,  the  wrony  ampHfier. 

Out  New  Super  Amp  it  sweeping  the  country  because  hoint  have  realised  that  the  DenTron 
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The  Super  Amp  runl  a  full  2000  watti  P.E.P,  input  on  SSB,  and  1000  waltt  DC  an  CW,  RTTY 
or  SSTV  180  10  meteri,  the  maul  mum  legal  power. 

The  Super  Amp  11  compact.  Id*  profile,  has  a  *j»id  one  piece  cabinet  ettuting  maximum  TVI 
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The  heart  of  our  amplifier,  the  power  supply,  n  a  continuom  duty,  telf  contained  supply  built 
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The  harm  at  DenTrpn  pnde  dwrncNes  pn  quality  work,  and  we  right  to  keep  prion  down.  Thn't 
why  the  dynamic  DenTron  Linear  Amplifier  haau  them  atl  at  $499.60. 

NOW  AVAILABLE  WITH  572  B1  FOR 


Meet  the 
SuperTuner 


The  DenTron  Super  Tuner  tune*  everything  horn  160-10  meters.    Whether  you  her* 
balanced  line,  coeji  cable,  random  or  king  wire,  the  Super  Tuner  will  match  the  antenna 

inipedanqe   In  yopi   transmittgi      AM  Lhmliuri  tuiicr;  |hai  ytjftj  maximum  power  transfer 
from  your  transmitter  to  your  antenna,  end  imt  that  where  it  really  counts? 


1  KW  MODEL 


$129*50 


3  KW  MODEL 


$224.50 


$574.50 


The  Shy 
Openers 


The  80-IO  Skymatcher 


SKYMASTEH 

A 


j2  ohm 


tuner  for  80  through  10 
to  a  random  wire  antenna. 


handta  500  w  P  E.P.  end  niiiiLhet  your 


4*1  MM* 

M4ITM1M} 

It/, 


fffiSWCTnHCF 


*  Continuous  tumng  3.2-30  mo 

*  "L"  network 

■  Ceramic  1 Z  petition  rotary  switch 

*  S0-'239  raq-flrptionBJ  Id  transmitter 

*  Random  wire  tuner 

*  3000  volt  capacitor  jpflcing 

*  Tapped  Inductor 

*  Ceramic  antenna  feed  thru 

■  7 "  W.  &"  H.  ft"  D.,  Weight:   S  rbi. 


i; 


Ti  toot 
■nor*  10,  IS,  20. 

mtnaL  Afuflt/4 

lew  Mumtnutm.  with  •  becory  turwf  tnd 
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around,  roof  or  towflr  mounting.  R#Oj<'i 
•rrcJuded  in  aur  Sow  price  of 


I 


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Alio  SO  m  riiomtar  faf  top  m outline  on 
•KYMASTER. 


Da&a/X-     as  «** 


$59.50 


$29.50 


TRIM-TEnlNA 

laaji 

«■  DonTron  Trim-Tirpw  -**  20 

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ut4ftf.    4  A  G  Forwirtf  Gim  Chur  Dioalt 

$129.50 


Head  forward 
and  reflected 

watts  at  the 
same  time 


SKYCLAW 

A  luiublt  irtombmd  hJgh  prrlarrnino* 
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SAND         BANDWIDTH 
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m  2« 

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Tired!  of  eonttant  iwetchmf  and  ajuaaswork? 

Every  terroui  nam  knows  he  must  read  both  forward  and  ie*aiai  wefTJajt  vmuttaneously 

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EX.1 

TtW   DonTron   EX  1    Vomcd 

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tor 


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DRAKE  TVI  FILTERS       Hi«h  Pan  Filters  for  TV  Sets 

provide   more    than   40    dB    attenuation    at   h'Z  MHz  and  lower. 
Protect  the  TV  set  from  amateur  transmitters  6-160  meters. 


Drake  TV- 300 -HP 

Model  No.  1603 

For  300  ohm  twin  lead 

Price:  $10.60 


DRAKE  TV-3300-LP 
100  watts  max.  below  30 
Mil/..  Attenuation  better  than 
80  dB  above  41  MHz,  Helps 
TV  i*f  interference,  as  well  as 
TV  front-end  problems-  Price: 
•26.60    Model  Mo.  1608 


Drake  TV-7B-HP 

Model  No.  1610 
For  75  ohm  TV  coaxial 
cable;  TV  type 
connectors  installed 
Price:  $13.25 


LOW  PASS  FILTERS  FOR  TRANSlrOTTERS 

have  four  pi  sections  for  sharp  cut  off  below  channel  2,  and  to 
attenuate  transmitter  harmonics  falling  in  any  TV  channel  and 
fin  band.  62  ohm.  SO-239  connectors  built  in. 

DRAKE  TV-&200-LP 

200  watts  to  52  MHz.  Ideal 
for  six  meters.  For  operation 
below  six  meters,  use 
TV-3300-LP      or      TV-42-LP. 

Model  No.  1609  Price:  $26.60 

DRAKE  TV-42-LP     Model  No.  1605 

is   a    four  section   filter  designed   with   43.2   MHz  cut-off  and 

extremely  high  attenuation  in  all  TV  channels  fox  transmitters 

operating  at  30  MHz  and  lower,  Rated  100  watts  input*  Price; 

$14.60 


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28-35  MHz  FM  receiver  with  2 

pale  10.7  MH-/.  t;ty stiii  filter      ,      .     59.95 

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MHz  crystal  filter      -     -      .     .      .     59.95 

14G-I70  MHz  revrw/2  pole 

10.7  KHZ  crystal  filter  -  69  95 

same  us  above  ■   factory  wired 

and  tested      .  ....   114.95 

2)0-240  MHz  revrw/2  pole 

10.7  MHz  crystal  filler         ,     .      .     69.95 

same  as  above  -  factory  wired 

and  tested 114.95 

432  MHz  revrwj 2  pole  10.7 

MHi  crystal  filter  79.95 

accessory  filter  Cor  above  receiver 

kit*  give*  70  dB  adjacent  channel 

reaction    .      .  8-50 

i  ran*m  it  ter  exciter     t  wall 

2  meter*  .     .     29.95 

tame  as  above      factory  wired 

arid  (ested  49  95 

transmitter  exciter      I  watt 

22iJ  Mil/,      ,  .      .  2995 

sii  me  us  above  -   factory  wired 

iind  tested      ,  ....     49.95 

7  meter  power  amp  -  kit  1  w  in 

25  w  out  with  solid  i-tuie  switch- 
ing, case,  connectors      .  .     59.95 
ume  as  above  -  factory  wired 
and  tested                                   ,     .      74.95 
2  meter  power  amp      lOw  in 
40*  out  -  relay  switching  59.95 
same  as  above     factory  wired 
and  tested                             ...     74.95 
2  meter  power  amp  -  I w  in  - 
1 5w  out  -  less  case,  connectors 
and  switching                  ,                  .      39.95 

15  amp  -  12  volt  regulated 
power  supply  Wave,  w,  InkJ-back 
current  limiting  and  ovcrvoJiage 
protection  ....  79.95 

same  as  above  -  factory  wired 

and  tested  .      .      ,  .94,95 

25  amp  -  12  volt  regulated 

power  supply  w/ca&c,  w/fojd-back 

current  limiting  and  overvoltu^c 

protection      ..,.,..    12995 

same  as  above  -   factory  wired 

and  tesled       ,      .  ...    149.95 

repeater  -  J  0  meter  ...     TBA 

repeater  —  10  meter*  wired  & 

tested        TBA 

repeater  -  6  meter    .  TBA 

repealer  -  6  meter,  wired  &  tested     TBA 

repeater  -  2  meter       IS*  - 

complete  i less  crystals)  .      .   465.95 

repeater  -  220  MHz  -  1 5w  - 

complete  (less  cry  v  tab  J  .  .   465.95 

repeater  -  10  watt  -  432  MHz 

(less  crystals}  .....  515.95 

case  and  all  components  to  build 

15  watt  10  channel  % canning  2 

meter  transceiver  (less  mike  and 

crystals)    ...  ...   219.95 

same  as  above  except  Tor  220  MHz    219.95 
same  as  above  except  It.)  wait  and 

432MHz 254.95 

2  meter  synthesiser,  transmit  offsets 
programmable  from  1 00  KHz  -  1 0 

MHz.  [Mars  offsets  wiih  optional 

adapters) 169.95 

same  as  above,  wired  and  tested        239.95 


2  meter,  2w,  4  channel,  hand 
held  receiver  with  cry  stab  for 
146.52  simplex  .     .     .     .   129.95 

battery  pack.  12  VDC,  "6  amp  .  29. 95 

battery  charser  .     .        5. 95 

2  meter,  with  male  BNC  con- 
nectar       ...  8.95 


The  Synthesiser  II  is  a  two  meter  frequency  synthe- 
sizer. Frequency  is  adjustable  in  5  kHz  steps  from 
140,00  MHz  to  149.995  MHz  with  its  digital  readout 
thumb  wheel  switching.  Transmit  offsets  are  digitally 
programmed  on  a  diode  matrix,  and  can  range  from 
10  kHz  to  10  MHz.  No  additional  components  are 
necessary! 
Kit  *  .  . $169.95       Wired  and  tested$239.95 


RECEIVERS 


TRANSMITTERS 


RI28KH 

10  meter  RT  front  end  10.7  MHz 

outpur             ....... 

1250 

RF50  Kit 

6  meter  RF  fron!  end  10.7  Mil?, 

output      *                           ... 

12.50 

RF144D  Kit 

2  meter  RF  front  end  10.7  MHz 

output 

17.50 

RF220D  Kit 

220  MHz  RF  front  end  10,7  MH/ 

output                             ... 

17.50 

RF432  Kit 

4*2  MHz  RF  front  end  J  0.7  MHz 

output        .... 

1 0.7  MHz  IF  module  includes  2 

27.50 

11   l0.7FKir 

pule  crystal  niter 

27.50 

FM455  Kit     . 

455  KHz  IF  stage  ptotl  H 

detector    ... 

17.50 

AS2  Kit 

audivi  and  tquekh  board 

15.00 

TX432B  Kit 

transmitter  exciter  432  MH/ 

J9.95 

TX432BW/T   . 

same  us  above  -  factor v  wired 

,md  tested       ...                      . 

59.95 

TX 150  Kit 


POWER  AMPLIFIERS 


PA144/25  Kil 

PA220/15  Kit 
PA432/I0Kil 

PA140/IO 

PA  140/30 


POWER  SUPPLIES 


REPEATERS 


RPT144    . 

RPT220 
RPT432 
DPLX144 
DPLX220 


300  milliwatt,  complete  2 

meter  transmitter, 

lets  crystal  and  mike       ....      19.95 


similar  to  PA  144/ 15  kit  except 

25w  out    .     .  49.95 

similar  to  PA  144, 15  tor  220  MHz       39!95 

WW!  amp  -  similar  lo  PA  1 44/ 1 5 
except  lOw  and  432  MM/    .  49.95 

10*  in  -  140w  out  -  2  meter 
amp      factory  wired  and  tested     .    179.95 
30w  in  -  140*  out  -  2  melcr 
amp      factory  wired  and  letted         1 59.05 


adds  over  voltage  protection  to 

your  power  supplies.  15  VIX  max        9.95 

12  volt  -  power  supply  regulator 

card  with  fo Ed  back  current 

limiting     ...  .  8.95 

ne*  commercial  duty  30  amp 

12  VDC  regulated  power  supply 

w/ca»c  w/ fold  back  current  limit- 

ine  and  over  voltaic  protection 

wired  and  tested  .   239.95 


repeater  -  15  watt  -  2  meter  - 

factory  wired  and  tested  695.95 

repeater     15  watt  -  220  MHz  - 

1  actor  y  wired  and  tested  .        695  95 
repeater  -  10  watt  -  432  MHz  - 
factory  wired  and  tested  .   749.95 

2  meter.  600  KHz  spaced  duplexer . 

*  wed  and  tuned  to  frequency        -   399.95 

220  MHl  duplexer,  wired  and 

tuned  to  frequency    ,  .  >99.95 


TRANSCEIVERS 


OTHER  PRODUCTS  BY  VHF  ENGINEERING 


SYNTHESIZERS 


WALKIE  TALKIES 


CDI  Kil  . 
CDlKit  . 
CM  Kit  , 

COR2  Kit 
St  3  Ktl     - 
Crystals 
CWlDKit 

CWID  . 
CWID  . 

Microphone 


10  channel  receive  xtal  deck 

w/  diode  Switching    .....       6.95 

10  channel  xmil  deck  w /switch 

and  trimmer*       ,  .      .      1 4.95 

i  in i  version  ol  Cj  ?<l  dec*  needed 

to r  43 2  m ult i-cha n nc t  o pe ri lions.      1 2.95 

complete  COR  with  .1  second  and 

3  minute  timers  ,  .     .      19.95 

10  channel  auto-scan  adapter 

foi  RX  with  priority  19.95 

we  stock  muse  repealer  and  urn- 

p  le \  pairs  from  L 4 6 .0- 1 4 7 . 0  icadi )        5 .00 

l*i9  bit,  held  programmable,  code 

identifier  with  built -in  squelch  tail 

and  ID  timers  .     39.95 

wired  and  tested,  not  programmed      54-95 

wired  and  tested,  programmed  59-95 

2t©00  ohm  dynamic  mike  with 

P  T  T\  and  coil  cord  .       9.95 


hf  engineering 

HE  WORLDS  MOSTCOMPLrm  LINE  OF  VHF-FM  KITS  AND  EQUIPMENT 


Now  It's  Crystal  Clear 

YesT  now  [COM  helps  you  steer  clear  of  all  the  hassles  of  channel  crystals.  The  new 
IC-22S  is  the  same  surprising  radio  you've  come  to  know  and  Jove  as  the  JC-22A, 
except  that  it  is  totally  crystal  independent.  Zero  crystals,  Solid  state  engineering 
enables  you  to  program  23  channels  of  your  choice  without  waiting.  Now  the 
ICOM  performance  you've  demanded  comes  with  the  convenience  you've  wanted, 
with  your  new  JC-22S.      Price:  $283.00 


**  ■■,,' i.f'i 


*U    W> 


Hold  it! 


Take  hold  of  SSB  with  these 
two  taw  cost  twms.  ICOM'S  new  porta  hi  e  JC-202  and  IC-5G2  put  it  within 

your  reach  wherever  yuu  are,  You  can  take  it  with  you  to  the  hiM  tup,  the 
highways,  or  the  beach.  Three  portable  watts  PEP  on  two  meters  or  six! 

Hello,  DX!  The  ICOM  quality  and  excellent  receiver  characteristics  of  this 
pair  make  bulky  converters  and  low  band  rigs  unnecessary  for  getting 
started  in  SSB-VHF.  You  just  add  your  linear  amp,  if  you  wish,  connect  to 
the  antenna,  and  DXf  With  the  202  you  may  talk  through  OSCAR  VI  and 
VII!  Even  transceive  with  an  "up*1  receiving  con verteH  The  IC-502,  simi- 
larly, makes  use  ot  six  meters  in  ways  that  you  would  have  always  liked  but 
could  never  have  before.  In  fact,  there  are  so  many  things  to  try,  it's  like 
opening  a  new  band. 

Take  hold  of  Single  Side  Band.  Take  hold  of  name  excitement.  Take  two. 


FCvJW 

2  Meter  336  ■  J  Wtatte  PEP »  Trk  iF  Ncnsb  8*as*;Br 
Swflctad  Owl  li^Ms  <■  Interrwl  Balteris**  £Ol)KHz 
VXQ  Tuning-  144.0,  144.?  *  2 Moml  -  PIT" 

Price:  S2S9.B9 


k-ms 

U  Mate*  SSS  ■  3  watts  PEP  ■  True  IF  Naisa  Blanks 
SiwScfieo  i>.3.'  Lights*  Interna:  Battened  ■  BMKHz 
VFQ-  RITr 


IC-246  Transceiver 

The  VFO  Revolution  goes  mobile  with  the  unique,  ICOM  developed 
LSI  synthesizer  with  4  digit  LED  readout.  The  lC-245  offers  the 
most  for  mobile  on  the  market.  The  easy  to  use  tuning  knob  moves 
accurately  over  50  detent  steps  and  assures  excellent  control  as 
easily  as  steering  the  vehicle,  With  its  optional  adapter,  the  IC-245 
puts  you  into  all  mode  operation  on  12V  DC  power  with  a  compact 
dash -mounted  transceiver.  In  FM,  the  synthesizer  command  fre- 
quency is  displayed  in  5  kHz  steps  from  146  to  148  MHzJ  and  with 
the  side  band  adapter  the  step  rate  drops  to  100  Hz  from  144  to 
146  MHz.  for  maximum  repeater  flexibility,  the  transmit  and 
receive  frequencies  are  independently  programmable  on  any  separa- 
tion. The  IC-245  even  comes  equipped  with  a  multiple  pin  Molex 
connector  for  remote  control.  The  IC-245  is  a  product  of  the 
revolution  in  VFO  design,  from  its  new  style  front  panel,  to  its 
excellent  mechanical  rigidity  and  Large  Scale  Integrated  Circuitry. 
Your  IC-245  will  give  you  the  most  for  mobile.     $499.00 


THE  NEW  ICOM  4  MEG,  MULTI-MODE,  2  METER  RADIO  -  IC 
211 

ICOM  introduces  the  first  of  a  greet  new  wave  of  amateur  radios, 
with  new  styling,  new  versatility,  new  integration  of  functions. 
You've  never  before  laid  eyes  on  s  radio  like  the  IC-211,  but  you'll 
recognize  what  you've  got  when  you  first  turn  the  single-knob 
frequency  control  on  this  compact  new  model.  The  IC-211  is  fully 
synthesized  in  TOO  Hz  or  5  kHz  steps,  with  dual  tracking,  optically 
coupled  VFOs  displayed  by  seven-segment  LED  readouts,  providing 
any  split.  The  1C-211  rolls  through  4  megahertz  as  easily  as  a 
breaker  through  the  surf.  With  its  unique  ICOM  developed  LSt 
synthesizer,  the  IC-211  is  now  the  best  "do  everything"'  radio  for  2 
meters,  with  FM,  USB,  LSB  and  CW  operation.     $749.00 


Now  ICOM  Introduces  15  Channels  of  FM  to  Go! 

The  New  IC-215:  the  FM  Grabber 

This  is  ICOMs  first  FM  portable,  and  H  puis  good  limes  00  the  go. 
Change  vehicles,  walk  through  the  park,  clirnb  a  hill,  and  ICOM  quality 
FM  communications  go  Tight  along  with  you.  Long  lasting  internal 
batteries  m&ke  portable  FM  realty  portable,  white  accessible  features 
rmtkn  conversion  to  external  power  and  antenna  fast  and  easy;. 

Grab  for  flexibility  with  the  new  IC-215  FM  portable. 


*  Front  mourned  ronlrois  and  tup 
mounted  antenna 

*  Narrow  titter  (lSKHz  —  compatible 
sparine}) 

*  15  channels  (12  on  dial  ,'  3  priority) 

*  Fully  collapsible  antenna 

*  CornpuiLhle  mount  feature  far  flexible 
antenna 

*  Dual  power  (3  watt*  high  f  400  niw  low, 
nominal) 

*  External  power  and  antenna  f* 
easily  accestibfc 


^  """ 


*  Lig hied  dial 
and  meter 


jt"! 


o~o 


O'JSfiiR] 


■  -w--> 


Pries;  $229.90 


Vuui  Miito  KM1S  L'.'ittti  nj|^jllird  n-iih.  1  \*iyni\*t  Lhaniick;  handheld  role,  Mill  pi-Dlecilvie  coat: 
vhiNiltitr  ^rppi  ciiiiiitH-Nirii  k>\  £M:rriul  ddwct  nnd  ipnkjrr:  4  Ir-n^'llli  C  biiurlet. 


KlICOM 

HRM  RADIO/ 


COMMUNICRTION5 


O 


THOMSON- CSF 


NPC 


ELECTRONICS 

MODEL 

NET  PRICE 

103R 

^39. y  j 

12V4 

$19,95 

#13  HM4 

$41.95 

600 

$20.50 

104R 

$49.95 

102 

S24.95 

127115 

$69.95 

612 

527.95 

108R 

$79.95 

107 

$28.95 

108RM 

$99.95 

12  HM4 

S29.95 

109R 

$149,95 

MODEL  1ZHM4 

NPC  2  5  Amp  Regulated  Pow*r  Supply 
Solid  State   Short  Circuit  Protected 


lpw  east  reguUted  power  suppJy 
quietly  converts  U5  vats  AC  M> 
13.S  volts  DC  -200  nullnrolis 
15  amus  contiDuoos.  26  amps 
tag;  Ueaiiy  sorted  fa  operating 
motui*  CB  transceiver!  in  you/ 


ALSO'     A**UWt 

M 

Item?  or  office  base  station 

13  HM  4  with  built 

■in 

loudspeaker 

r  vficm 

UAXiMi,U 

Output  VOOBge 

C onhnuoui  Current 

flfiQutldlDfl 

Rtppift/Hotse 

13  5   -  5VDC 
1.5  Amp 

JLS  Ar*p 
5  mV  RMS 

UVtJC 
10  mV  RMS 

Case  3    |h>  x  4   iWi  i  4-*    fD>  Snipping  Weight  3  lbs 


MODEL  107 


NF*C  4  Amp  Power 

Supply,  6  Amp  Max, 

Solid  State,  Overload 

Protected 


Functions  silenlly  in  cofivtrling  115  volts  AC  to  12  vote  DC  4  arop$ 
coniinuous,  6  amps  max,  Enables  anyone  to  enfoy  C8  radio,  car  &  track 
cartridge  cassette  player  or  car  radio  m  a  home  or  attice 

Oofilinuaui  Current  |FuH  Load  I 
Ouipul  voltage  (No  Loatf) 
Output  VolUgr  JF  Ull  L  Md| 
Filtering  Caput  ilO* 
FUpplelFuIlljondi 
5+iQM  qirturt  Protector 


4  Amp 

16  V  mac 

12  V  mm 

lOOOOuf 

,5  V  RMS 

Thermal1  Breaker 


raaiLECEitfEii 

11)  V*C'l)  4  VBC  1  £  AM*    HlBj 


MODEL  103R 


NPC  4  Amp  Regulated 
Power  Supply. 
Solid  Stale..  Dual 
Overload  Pro  tie  lion, 


■*0  *  5H    (Di     Shtppmg  Weight  5 


Converts  115  volls  AC  to  136  volts  DC  I  TOO  millivolts.  Handles-  2-5 
amps  :  iinMiLiaiJS  and  4  amps  um  Ideally  suited  Eor  .ipuli calions- 
whore  no  hum  and  DC  stabilitv  bcq  rfflportati  Such  as  CH  ha  remission, 
small  Ham  radio  iransmister,  and  nigh  quality  agiiMiack  car  stpeoEi 
Can  also  be  used  to  trickte-crtartpe  V?  voH  car  batter  > 

TtRJL-  «Ai*WuM 

Ouipul  Vol! a 90  13 J  IX  3  VOC 

Une/L  twd  Regulation  ?0  m V 

FUpph.  Noise  3rnVRM5  SmVflWS 

nu*n[  Response  20  j;Sb-l 

C  urrent  C^olmiaous  2  5  Amp 

Current  L"  *  Amp 

Cu***m  FetdOaec  I  Amp 

-  •    ,   I  Shipping  Wergnt  4  IP* 


MODEL  109R 


MODEL  108RM 

NPC  12  Amp  Regulated 

Power  Supply, 

Solid  ST4lft. 

a  Wev  Ptoieeted 

Curfent  Mftitf. 


This  heavy  duty  unit  quietly  converts  115  vans  AC  to  136  volte  DC 
-  I'lXi  millivolts  6  amps  continuous  1?  amp*  mat   All  solid  state 
icaturtsdiuf  current  overload. and  overvoltage  pfotertion  Ideally 
sailed  fr*  opening  mobile  Ham  radio  2  meler   AM-*  M -SSB  trans- 
ceiver* in  you  home  or  office  Can  also  be  used  la  inekie-ctiarc/ 
vott  i 


Ouipui  Vonage 


H.ppie' 
Tl invent  Response 
C  orient  CoftjiniiOwi 
C  iff  «»nt  Ltnwt 
Cut rem  F  oKfbace 
O*e**0«lage  P*J 


TYFHCAl 

V0C 

amv 

2mvRMJS 
20uSec 

8  Amp 

2  5*J*p 

t4SV 


MAXIMUM 

ttft      3VDC 
50  mV 
5mVRMS 


tsv 


Case  4V  (HiaTV  WvmSViOi  Staging  We*gML  9 5 toe 

ALSO  AVAILABLE  AS  MODEL  lO&RA 
WITHOUT  METER  AND  OVIHVOI.TAG6 
PROTECTION. 


NPC  25  Amp  Regulated  Power  Supply,  4-Wav  Protected 
Output  Voltage  end  Current  Meters. 

EAtra  heavy  duly  unit  qmetly  convene  n5*ote  AC  to  33.6  volts  DC  fc3Q9 
minvCHis  10  amps  contmuHis  2S  amps  mv  All  solid  stale  Features 
dual  current  overload,  overvottaoe  and  thermal  pro^edian  tdealiy  sulfas 
tor  operating  mobile  Ham  radio  and  linear  amplifier  in  your  home  or  otiice 
Excellent  bench  power  supply  tor  testing  and  servicing  of  mobile  eommu 
niOiiKws  equipment 

tvpiCAl 

2V0C 


O  Liip  ui  Vonage  13  6 

Lme-ioad  Hit^u!,ihor»  M>mV 

RipDi^  Noise  SmVRMS 

Tfansient  Roiponse  JO  u  Sec 

Current  ContlniJouEi  1 0  Amp 

Currenl  Limil  ^6  *mp 

Qvktvu  I  Cage  Prolyl  u  i  n  i  -i .  5  V 

Tnermal  OverloDil  larjF 

Cass;  4  V  (Hi  «0"iVv^rJhrt"  (D).  Shipping  Weight:  I5lbe 


UAJtlMUM 

13  6    i   3V0C 

tOOmv 

tOmVRMS 


1SV 


-xcelieifl  DO  stabiirty  n 
radio  trar^mrtter.  and  f»pn 
bidtte-duvge  i?  volt  car 

OirtputVpOaoe 
LJnBfL«aillMauli>Da 


MODEL  104R 

NPC  E  Amp  Powar  Supply 

RcgUtefOcL 

So l- id  StPt*.  Dual 

Overload  Protect! tan. 

Converts  1 15  volts  AC  to  13  6  volts 
DC  -l?00  millivolts.  Handles  4 
amps  cormnuous  and  6  amps  mji 
Itfeahy  sotted  tor  applications  vmcrt 
such  as  €B  bansm*5S*on  small  Ham 
quality  eight  track  car  stereos  Can  bt  toed  to 


Tnuiaerit 
Current  Conttnooue 
Currant  UffNt 
Currem  Fotdfoac* 


ti  OC 

JmVRUS 

4A- 

ft  Amp 
2  Amp 


I36tl  VOC 
jmv RMS 


Case  Wis  a      IDr   Shs?o*tgV¥eiflnr  Gibs 


MODEL  12V4 

NPC  1.75  Amp 
Power  Supply 
3  Amp  Max. 


Functions  silenUy  in  conven- 
ing 1 1S  volts  AC  to  12  volts 
DC  Ideally  suited  for  mosl 
applications  including  9-trBCfc  stereo,  burglar  alarm,  car  radio  and 
cassette  tape  player  *ntiin  power  rating 


Continuous  Cutrrent  {Full  Load) 
Output  voiiage  \Ha  Load  ■ 
Output  Vollagu  ^FuM  Load] 
Filti*f  ir>fl  C<ipacitnf 
Ripple  IFullUOfldi 
Short  CtrduM  Prolectmn 


I  75  Amp 
IG  V  ma* 
12  u  mm 

S.OOOuF 
4VRMS 

Thqimnl  Breaker 


Ciiie,  3"[t1))i4'"  (W|  s5  r\0)  Snipping  Wrufjht  Jibft. 


MODEL  102 

NPC  2.6  Amp 

Power  Supply. 

4  Amp  Mqh    Solid  Staie. 

OvcHoad  Protected 

hmctions  sitenriy  m  convert- 
ing US  vgtls  AC  to  I2.wtts 
corihnuDus  4  amps  at»  Inaples  anyone  to  enoy  Cfl 
Eartndns.  cassette  tape  piaytr  or  car  radio  *  a 


DC  2S 

radio  c 

oroUcf. 

ContUivow  Cerent  (Fun  low  i 
Output  Voltage  (Mo  l.rwii 
Output  Voltage  (Fan  LOid  | 
FrfWrmg  CasHKUOf 
f)<«p«e<FuiiLoadi 
Snon  CtfCUfl  ProtECUon 


7  S  Amp 
ltVnun 

llvmn 
S.P00  ur 
.0  V  flWS 
Thermal'  Breaker 


»«  .    |V#fmS>x   (Oj   Sn«Pp(nflV#«igw  *  ibi 


't 


II  M» 


(lll!"<il 


*l-IM 


nil 


| 


12  VOC  tN 

lfl  VDC    Hvj 

Ouipul  Voltage  (No  Loadl 

lU.VftMS 

1 30  V  RMS 

OuKihi  VoMagc  (Full  L&adi 

100  V  ftMS 

1  1  '.:  V  PMS 

Frvqi^ency  (Hg  LOafJi 

S«H; 

WHj 

Freguency  (FuU  Loadl 

**Wl 

©2Hr 

Po*er  Contrnuoiis 

200W 

Powei  PeaK 

240W 

Pitallel  Connection 

■JiOW 

MRRINE  6-  RV 


MODEL  12-115 


am  Value*  Are  Tro-ica! 


NPC  12 HoSohd  Stale  inserter,  200  W. 

Perallol  Connection  for  Highior  Power  up  to  350  W, 

Converts  1?  writs  PC  to  tlb  votls  AC  (a-  60  Hi  output.  2flD  watts  cnnim- 
unus  operallon  wim  |Miak  \iam\  Lip  to  240  watts,  All  silicon  s&micoriduc- 
lors  assure  hiflli  reliability  it  wcessive  amdtant  temperatures  Thn 
output  voliaie  is  a  square  wave.  The  Invcrn.-i  i^.  noi  iscommendcd 
wliere  high  transients  are  noi  Tolerable. 

The  1 Z- 11  b  allows  you  to  luiw  AC  ivoi^se  curre-nt  in  yuui  boat  car,  truck, 
camper,  house  (raita,  or  tiouseboal.  Will  operate  small  household  ipplJ 
antes.  T  V    hand  topis  elflCtnc  shaver,  AC  radios,  and  liflfetfl  Witillfl 
power  rating,  fiuilt-m  ovnJOad  pi oteclion 

Case  4'4    fM)  n  H4    \W  I  .  i   Sh^pp^^g  Wtognt  7  lbs 


MODEL  612 

Model  6t  2 
Pdrtiar  Converter 

MW  612  converts  6  von 
naoahve  ground  or  \7  w*1 

positive  ground  elfrctncal 

systems  to  12  volt  neoa- 

live  ground  operation. 

Provides  full  3  amp  cur.- 

tiiiuoiis  power    The  m- 

ffXptnalve  soluilan  lor 

installing cai  radios,  stereo 

and  cassette  tape  players, 

in  vehicles  with  6  volt  neg- 

aiive  ground  or  12  volt 

posmve  ground  systems 

C«*W(Mij3  |wi  *fi-  my 
Shippmg  w^ighi  1  in. 


6  METER  BEAMS 


3-5-6-10  ELEMENTS 

Proven  performance  from   rug^ect,  full  &ize,  6  meter  beams. 

Element  epacings  and  I  enirths  have  boon  carefully  engineered  to 
give  tiesl  pattern,,  high  forward  gain,  good  front  to  back  ratio 
und  broad  frequency  rCHpOilEe. 

Booms  are  ►DSS  wail  and  elements,  are  Ml"-  5/8"  ,.049  wall 
seamless  ehrrmie  finish  aluminum  tubing.  The  i  and  ji  cleme-nt 
beamH  have  1  3/&1' -  1  l/^'booma.  Thcu and  10  element  benme 
have  I  5/S11  -  1  l/'Z"  byom&t  All  brackets  are  heavy  gauge 
formed  aluminum.  Bright  finlshead  plated  abulia  a  re  adjustable 
for  up  to  J  5/6?'  mast  on  3  and  5  element  and  2"  on  6  and  JO 
olument  beams.  All  models  may  be  rnountud  for  horizontal  or 
vertical  polarization. 

New  features  Include  adjustable  length  elements ,  kjkjwutt  tfeddi 
Match  and  built-in  coax  fitting  for  direct  a2  ohm  feed.  ThOHc 
beams  are  factory  tn&rked  and  supplied  wjth  intuructjons  for 
quick  assembly. 


DescnpTi^i-i 

3  deirnjin 

5  i.!ii'-ii<;nr 

B  element 

lOelemenT 

Model  Wo 

ABO -3 

A5f*5 

ABO  6 

ABO- 10 

Boom  Lngtb 

Sh 

12' 

20' 

24' 

LoncjUit  EL 

MP' 

117" 

117" 

157' 

Twin  Radius. 

6 

re- 

IT 

1  IS- 

Fwd. Gum 

7.5  dB 

0.5  dB 

1  1  5  da 

IS  dB 

I    B  Ratio 

20dFJ 

?a  m 

£6idE3 

?0dB 

•  iht 

7  lbs. 

11   ihrs. 

IB  lbs 

2$  lbs. 

RINGO 
RANGER 

for  FM 


4.5  dB*  -  6  dB" 
Omnidirectional 

GAIN 
BASE  STATION 

ANTENNAS 

FOR 

MAXIMUM 

PERFORMANCE 

AND 

VALUE 


t 

- 


Cush  Craft  haa  created  another  first  by  making  the 
world's  most  xnypa]nr  2  meter  antenna  twice  as  good. 
The  new  Ringo  Ranger  is  developed  from  the  basic 
AR-2  with  three  half  waves  in  phase  and  a  one  eighth 
wave  miiLiidn irtg  stub-  RmgO  Ranger  gives  an  extremely 
low  angle  of  radiation  for  better  signal  coverage.  It  is 
tunable  over  a  broad  frequency  range  and  perfectly 
matched  to  52  ohm  coax. 

ARX-2,  137-160  MHz,  A  lbs.f  112" 
ARX-220,  220-225  MHz,  3  !bs.;  75" 
ARX-45Q,  435-450  MH2r  3  lbs.,     33" 

*    Reference  &  wave  dipole, 

■•  REfejTencfi  '.4   wave*  whip  used  as  gain  standard  by  many 
manufacturers. 

Work  full  qtitetiug  into  more  repeaters  and  extend  the 
radius  of  your  direct,  contacts  with  the  new  Ringo 
Ranger. 

You  can  up  date  your  present  AR-2  Ringo  with  the 
simple  addition  of  this  extende±  kit.  The  kit  includes 
the  phasing  network  and  necessary  element  extensions. 
The  only  modifications  required  are  easy  to  make  saw 
slits  in  the  top  section  of  your  antenna. 


ARX-2K 


CONVERSION   KIT 


2  METER 

ANTENNAS 


afm  rimgo  3.1ft  oil  Gain  i  referent*  k.  www  wltfp*.  Half  wavalenfitfc  «v 
tennEW  with  djre-ct  dc  ground,  set  ofiin  feed  lakes  PJL-ZSE).  low  anele  otf  ridla. 
U-oii  -with  l-i  SWR.  ~F*zir\}Ty  prujHsscmbJ^  ruid  reiidy  to  install,  -6  meter 
partly  preafisembled,  all  but  4&D  Mlli  take  l\i"  umat.  mere  are  m&nj  RJng&s 
in  us3  tftan  all  olhur  FX  antennas  comblnrd. 


Model  Hvml>rr 

AR-2 

ajr-jg 

AR-fl 

AJV22I1 

AR>*W 

FVcquenc-y  MHz 

135- t?B 

ratf-its 

&D-S4 

""H-22Ei 

440-rfti 

Power — r$d]£.  Watts 

]0O 

MM) 

h» 

IM 

zr5Q 

Wind  urfciL  »»,  ft 

»■ 

.21" 

37* 

B91 

10' 

Bi  Pet£  Up  to  9  dB  Criiri  wifpr  a  14  wava  dlpole.  Overall  anteiuuL  ItngtH 
147  MHe  —  23"  JEO  MHe  -  lftr.  135  MHz  A"  |i*Uem  580"  H  dB  gain, 
iaa=  ..  B  i30  Rain.  52  Dhrn  feed  tiihes  PL.  tf&6  r-onnwtop,  PatJta.^e  inetudes  4 
complete  dlpoCe  AjtaeititiJies  pe  nirK^tinjf  tjavmn,  hamesfl  and  a]]  itattlwareL 
Vertical  support  mast  n&t  fcupplL-ed 

APM^D  1*4-  1M  MHz.  lUDD  watts.  wLttd  &r*n  3.SS  aq.  ft. 
AJTM^ID  22H  .  22?,  MH/.  jfinr)  v;iliU,  wind  area  I.8&  sq.  fL 
APM-44D  43S-45D  MHz,  1DDD  watt*,  wind  ajftfi  1.13  ati-  ft. 

DPDWEfl  PACK  The  b\g  aifiiwil  (22  ilrment  arr&yi  tar  2  m*t*r  F>T  use* 
Iwd  A14T-1I  yaps  with  a.  tioriEijnt^t  munntinjf  lwnm,  fCMislal  haL'iwBa  ami 
nil  hiini^vurc;  Frjru'anl  pain  Id  dB,  FfB  ratio  2i  dB,  4  p^wrr  bramw^dth 
VA' ,  disiLEhKSLiiis-  Ji^'-NSO11  K-IO",  lurti  radius  fitf" ,  w^i^ht  15  Ibi..  ;"j2  ulttn  feet] 
takes  t"L-a&6  fitting. 

A147.22  Ufl  .  Ug  SfHc  LOW  Wrj>.ttfl,  wind  area  2.42  aq,  ft. 

D-VAqi  STACKING  KITS  VPK  includes  ttoi-l aoriL.il  mountii^  banm,  hartiifta,. 
h^rdwitru  pjid  in*trurtu>EiB  for  two  vaftkaLly  pulanzed  yaere  gives  H-dfi  gRin 
cvei-  the  single  aiiteruui 

AiirVPK,  contpLete  -1  element  st^L-klns  kit 

At4'SK.  4  clement  n>^^  finrnf^?  vnly 

A147-VPK.  complete  11  demerit  dlajcklnp  kLl 

AM7'5;K  It   dernajt  tQax  hurliear)  fiflly 

A446-SK,  <i    i    II  flcrei^nt  rg^n  hnmrwf  only 

F-4-6-11  E  LEW  INT  YAC1S     The  standard  of  comparison  in  VHF-UHP  «jio- 

munKations.  now  cut  tat  FM  *nU  visrliCft]  pOEarizatlun  Tne  faur  and  six  ele- 
ment inftfltls  an  be  trwor  s-Jde  niaunted.  A33  are  rated  iU  10D0  waltn  with 
direct  52  ohm  feed  and  FL-U59-  tiLniiLrx-torg. 


Model  Number 

W^ht./TuiTi   radtua 
Galfl^'F,  B  rulio  <IJ3 

Wind  area  b^.  ft. 


A447-I2 
l4^'".■■4n,■ 

A  ]bt ,  T2" 

ia.E/2a 
-is- 

1,21 


A44IHI 

1 1      10" 
9  lb*„  «" 
9/S0 


Ai49-ll 

I  I  hi.  *ftp 
13JI/3H 
48  = 
59 


A443-6 

3fi--  2fi" 
5  |tifl„  IS 

ii.sr> 
60 ' 
.3fl 


A^U-II 
1(12-    201' 
5  lbs..  51' 

IS.2.2B 

is 


Frequetu-y  MITj  14«-HS        146-L46        44D-450        ^<p.4SQ        220«2J£,1 

F-PW  TWIST  12-4  d&  Gain:  Tan  elemfrnts  tiortaantal  polarisation  foj  Jow 
end.  coverage  and  ten  clEtiu-nrs  vHrijcal  p:LprLziLli£Hi  for  FM  i^vcrjifj-p.  For- 
ward rjxin  324  dB,  F  B  ratio  '12  dB.  boom  length  13(1",  w$i£ht  iu  lbi„  loRffc-st 
t-Lrrntnt  40".  Ag  nhn-i  Hrrfdi  Mutch  dnvm  ulr-menli  taJte-  PUvfl  cionne^tors, 
uses  two  separate  Feeu  lltiei. 

A347-2M1  345 -Hf  MH2,   10DD  WACtE-.,  Wcztd   aj*a  1  4-2  kij.  ft. 


HIGH  PERFORMANCE 
VHF  YAGIS 


3/4  , 1-1/4,  2  METER  BEAMS 

The  stands rd  of  canape riBfln  in  amateur  VHF/UHF  Cflnninunica" 
tiojiB  Custl  Cmfl:  yaffis  combint1  oil  gut  fMrrlo-rmuTuiL'  iinH  rfh;i- 
blllty  wllh  optimum  sIec  for  cns«  f>[  jisBemhJy  jmd  mounting  at 
your  estlv. 

Lfgtitu-elght  yet  r«ftBed>  the  antennas  tuave  3/lS'1  O,  D,    a&ltd 

alumittuni  elements  with  3/lff1  center  sectiuiiti  mounted  on  heav.v 
duty  formed  brackets.  Booms  Bre  1*'  hmiL  T/WC^.D,  aluminum 
tubing!  Must  mrunte  of  l/rj"  formed  aluminum  havf  ndjugtahk' 
u-bolta  for  up  to  1-1/2"  O.D.  masts.  They  c^n  be  mouriled 
for  liorizontal  or  vertical  polarization.  Complete  Enstruftions 
include  data  on  2  meter  FM  reoeater  operation. 

Ne*  fuaturt:s  include  a  kiSuwafct  Rerfilj  Match  for  direct  .12  <ihm 
coaxlaf  feed!  with  a  standard  PL-2S&  litllnift.  All  (Hcmfints  are 
h paced  at  .2  wuvolenj^Lh  and  tapered  for  improved  bairtlwidih. 


Model  Nu. 

A1447 

A1«  tt 

A^20  |1 

A430- 1 1 

CTsCntitioii 

2hi 

?m 

lttm 

Jjfn 

Ekmenis 

7 

n 

11 

n 

rJoom  Lriflih, 

9B" 

144" 

10?'1 

&7' 

Wekghi 

4 

e 

4 

3 

F^dr  Ga<n 

?1  dB 

12  dp 

I3d& 

13JB 

|   F('B  Ratio. 

JfidB 

28  dB 

28  dB 

28  dB 

F*d-  Lobe  (S 

W  pwr.  pt. 

46 

42 

42 

42 

5WR  ^  Frpy. 

1   lO   1 

1  tol 

1  to  1 

1  tol 

< 

VHF/UHF  BEAMS 
A50-3        $  32.95 
A50-5  49.95 

A50-6  69  £5 

A50-10  99  B5 

AMATEUR  FM  ANT 
A147-4      S   19.95 
A 147-11         29.95 
A147-20T      54J95 


A 147-22 

A220-7 

A220  1 1 

A449-6 

A449-1 1 

AFM^4D 

AFM-24D 


8455 
21.95 
27  9b 
21.95 
27.95 


A 144-7 
A144-11 
A430-1 1 

ENNAS 
AFM^4D 
AR-2 
AR-6 
AR-25 
AR-220 
AR-450 
ARX-2 
ARX-2K 
ARX-220 
ARX^50 


21.95 
32.95 
24.95 


54.95 
21.95 
32.95 
29.95 
21.95 
21.95 
32.95 
13,95 
32.95 
32.95 


[>«crip1k5n: 
20  E  lem  en1 

DX  -Array 
rmrrtefli  Harntrt* 

(40  E) 
FTam?&  Hsrnew 

CBOEl.t 
1-t  52-onm  balun 
Ven.  Pol.  ar^tkut 


Ntodei;       Price: 

DX-120       42.35 

nXK-140    ^."ite 

DXK-1  BO  109-95 
DX-tBN      12.9€ 


220  MHi 

Wod*l;       Price; 

DX-220       37.95 

nKK-?4D    54.9K 

DXK-2BO    89,96 
DX-2BN       12.QS 


452  MH*. 

Mod-fll:       Pfirjft: 

DX420      3B  .95 
DXK44C    3S.95 

DXK-480   79,96 

DX^BN      12.95 


DXVP&         flJ&fi        dXVr'B         9.&5        bX-VPB         9.9b 


why  waste  watts) 


x? 


SWR-1  guards  against  power  loss 

lor  $21,95 

If  you're  not  pumping  out  all  the 
power  you're  paying  for,  our  little 
SWR-1  combination  power  meter 
and  SWR  bridge  will  tell  you  so.  You 
read  forward  and  reflected  power 
simultaneously,  up  to  1000  watts  RF 
and  1:1  to  infinity  VSWR  at  3,5  to  150 
MHz. 

Got  it  all  tuned  up?  Keep  It  that 
way  with  SWR-1.  Yon  can  leave  it 
right  in  your  antenna  circuit. 


® 


DELUXE 
742TFU-BAND 
MOBILE 
ANTENNA 

*  Automatically 
proper  resonance 
and  75  meters. 

■  Power   rated  at    500  Watts 
P,E.P, 

•  Includes  ba?>e  section,  nuto- 
matieoiJ    and    whip   top    sec 
lion.     742  Antenna  £7^.95 


adjusts 
for  20. 


to 
40 


ELECTRONICS 


EXCLUSIVE 
DELUXE 
S^BAND  MOBILE 

45  ANTENNA 

•  All  band  manual  switching 
inteana  for  10,  15,  2uh  40 
and  75  meters. 

■  Power  rated  at  1000  Watts 
P.EI> 

•  Includes  base  section  with 
mo  bile  coil  and  six  foot  whip 
top  section  45  Antenna  %  1 14.95 


JMR.  /VKDBIL-E4R" 

Two-way- radio  headset  with  superior  fidelity 
Electret-Capacitor  boom  microphone  and 

palm-held  talk  switch. 


SWAN  METERS  HELP  YOU 
GET  IT  ALL  TOGETHER 

These  wattmeters  tell  you  what  s  going  on. 
Wittt  one  of  these  in-line  wattmeters     power  readings?  For  whatever  purpose 
you'll  know  If  voure  getting  it  at!  weve  got  the  wattmeter  for  you.  Use 

together  all  the  time.  Need  high  ac-        your  Swan  credit  card.  Applications 
cura  cv?  H  igh  power  nan  dl  i  rig?  Peak        at  your  ctea  I  er  or  wr it  e  to  us , 


WM7D00    in  Line   watt- 
meter witn  Muscle,  scales 
to  2000  warn  New  tL-vr 
r  esponse  directional  colic 
ler  tor  maximum  act  lira  rv 

S59  95 


WM5000  Peak  reading 
wattmeter  RearK  rm$ 
power  then  witfi  the  tiicfc 
of -a  switch  true  peafc 
power  of  your  single 
sideband  signal  That's 
what  counts  on  ssf5 

S79  95 


WM 1 500  H  tg  h-Accu  racy  l  n 
Line  Wattmeter  i0---  full 
stale  accuracy  on  5,  50 
500  anfl  1500  watt  stales. 
7.  to  30  mhz  Forward  arid 
reflect  so  power  use  it 
tor  trouble-snooting  too 


ELECTRONICS 


S74.95 


SWAN  LINEAR  AMPLIFIERS  A  Mark  II  2000 
watt  P,E.P.  full  legal  input  power  unit  or  the 
12Q0X  matching  Cygnet  1200  watt  P-E.P.  input 
powerhouse  with  buill4n  power  supply.  The  choice 
is  yours.  $84&.95 


NEWSwinMMBX 

Impedance  Matcher 


It    keeps    your  transmitter  and  your  antenna 
speaking  terms  for  a  song.  Price:  $23*95 


on 


CYGNET    120GX    PORTABLE 
LINEAR    AMPLIFIER 

To  quadruple  the  output  of  the  300 B  Cygnet  de 
novo i  simply  add  this  matching  unit  for  more  than 
a  kilowatt  of  power.  Complete  with  self-contained 
power  supply  and  provision  for  external  ALC.  this 
Cygnet  offers  exceptionally  high  efficiency  and 
linearity.  $349.95 

Additional  Swan  products  include:  fixed  and  mobile  antennas,  VFO's  telephone  patch. 
VOX,  wattmeter*  microphones  and  mounting  kits.  As  another  extra  service,  only  Swan 
Electronics  offers  factory -hacked  financing  to  the  amateur  radio  community.  Visit  an 
authorized  Swan  Electronics  dealer  for  complete  details  ^5k    ^~* 

^*      ELECTRONICS 


Mqiulilrnf  Clip 


$69.95 


/MODEL 
TCM-A 


V*r:n.Mi  Gain  Control- 


FOR  BROADCAST-QUALITY  TRANS- 
MISSION AND  RECEPTION  FOR  BOTH 
MOBILE  UNITS  AND  BASE  STATIONS. 

•  Bourn -mounted  electret-capacitor  micro- 
phone delivers  studio -quality,  undistorted 
voice  reproduction.  Variable  gain  control 
lets  you  adjust  for  optimum  modulation. 

•  Cushioned  earcup  lets  you  monitor  in 
privacy  -  no  speaker  blare  to  disturb 
others.  Blocks  out  environmental  noises, 
too.  Made  of  unbreakable  ABB  plastic, 

•  Headband  self-adjusts  for  comfortable 
wear  over  long  hours.  Spring-flex  hinge 
lets  you  slip  headset  on  and  off  with 
just  one  hand.  Reversible  for  right  or  left 
ear. 

•  Headset  can  be  hung  on  standard  micro- 
phone clip, 

•  Compact  palm-held  talk  switch  lets  you 
keep  both  hands  on  the  wheel  for  safer 
driving.  Made  of  unbreakable  ABS  plastic, 

•  Built-in  FET  transistor  amplifier  adapts 
microphone  output  to  any  transceiver 
impedance. 

•Compatible  with  most  two-way  radios  in- 
cluding 40-channd  CB  units. 

•  Built-in  Velcro  pad  for  easy  mounting  of 
the  talk  switch, 

•  Made  in  U.S.A. 

SPECIFICATIONS 

Earphone  impedance 

and  type:  8  ohms,  dynamic 

Microphone  type:  Electret  capacitor 

Microphone  frequency 

responses  200-6000  Hz 

Amplifier  type:  FET  transistor, 

variable  gain 

Amplifier  battery  7 -volt  Mallory 
power:  TR-175 

Switching;  Relay  or  electronic 

IDEAL  FOR  EVERY  TWO-WAY  RADIO 
COMMUNICATIONS  NEED  .  .  . 

CB  operators  •  Amateur  radio  operators  * 
Police  and  fire  vehicles  *  Ambulances  and 
emergency  vehicles  •  Taxis  and  truckers  - 
Marine  pleasure  and  work  boats  *  Con- 
*n ruction  and  demolition  crews  ■  Industri- 
al communications  •  Security  patrols  • 
Airport  tower  and  ground  crews  *  Re- 
mote broadcast  and  TV -camera  crews  » 
Foresters  and  fire -watch  units  • 


Remote 

Motor 
Controlled 


ANTENNA 
SWITCH 


•  Control  unit  works  on  110/220 
VAC.  50 /GO  Hr  and  supplies 
nscessafy  DC  lo  mo  lor. 

•  Excellent  lof  single  coax  teed  to 
mulhband  quads  or  arrays  of 
mono  banders  The  five  positions 
allow  a  single  coax  feed  lo  three 
beams  and  two  df poles,  or  other 
similar  combinations^ 

•  Control  cable  {not  suppled) 
same  as  for  HA  MM  rotator 

•  Selects  antennas  remotely, 
grounds  all  unused  antennas. 
GND  position  grounds  all  an- 
tennas when  leaving  station. 

Rain  Hat"  construction  shields 
motor  and  switches. 

•  Motor  24  VAC,  2  amp  Lubnca- 
lion  good  to  — 40*F. 

■  Switch  RF  Capability  Maximum 
legal  limit        Price:  $1  20.00 


MATCHING  NETWORKS 


MN-4 

200  watt} 


Price;  $110.00 


MN-2000 
20QO  watts  PEP 

Price:  $220.00 


Ganaral.  ■  Integral  Wattmatar  rends  forward  power  m 
*atts  and  VSWR  directly,  can  be  calibrated  lo  read  re- 
flected! power  a  Matches  SO  ohm  ir  a  nam  kt  tar  output  to  Coax 
antenna  feedlme  witn  VSWR  ol  at  least  5:1  *  Covers  fram 
bands  SO  thru  10  maters  •  Switches  In  or  out  wifn  Front 
panel  switch  «  Size:  5VH.  iDV'W,  a"D  {14.0  x  27  2  x 
20  3  err-     MN-ZQ0O.  14-V'D  L36.5  cm} 

«  Continuous  Duty  Output :  MN-4  200  walls.  MN-2000. 
1000  wails  12000  watts  P£Pj  •  MNJO00  only:  Us  so  3  an- 
tenna connectors  selected  by  from  panel  switch 


RF 
WATTMETERS 


W-4         1.B-54  MHz    Price:  S    7200 

WV-4       20^200  MHz  Price:  S   84.00 

Reads  forward:  and  re  fleeted  power  rjiracriy  in 
watts  {VSWR  twm  nomogram).  Two  scares  in 
each  direction  Steer  5"j"H.  3'."W  4**0  (14-0  x 
9  5  it  W2  cm] 

Full  Scale  C  r.  Accuracy 

200  wafi        IS%  of  nMtnff  -f-    Z  watts  | 
2QQ0witt*    slS*,  ol  reatf     ;   •   ^Owairs) 

wv_4       100  watts    siSH  of  reading  H     1  watt  1 
tOW  waits    1 15%  ol  reading  +  10  watts) 


DRAKE 


SSR-1 


COMMUNICATIONS 
RECEIVER 


«  Synthesized  •  General  Coverage 

■ 

•  Low  Cost  *  AN  Solid  State  •  Built-in  AC 

Power  Supply  *  Selectable  Sidebands 

•  Excellent  Performance 

PRELIMINARY  SPECIFICATIONS:  *  Coverage:  500  kHz  to 
30  MHj  *  Frequency  can  be  read  accurately  to  better  then 
5  kHr  *  Senaitivlty  typically  5  micro  raits  for  t£JdBS  +  N/N 
SSB  and  better  than  2  microvolts  lor  10  dB  S+N/N  AM 
•  Selectable  sidebands  *  Built-in  power  supply-  117/234 
VAC  -  ?0^a  •  It  the  AC  p&wet  tourct  fails  the  unii  switches 
Automatically  to  an  internal  bariery  pack  which  uses  eight 
D'Celis  trvot  supplied)  *  For  reduced  current  drain  on  DC 
operatron  the  dials  dp  not  light  up  unless  a  red  push  button 
on  i  he  I  rent  panel  Is  depressed 

The  performance  versatility,  size  end  low  cost  of  the 
SSft-1  make  it  ideal  for  use  as  a  stand-by  amaleu?  or 
noviee-amataur  receiver,  short  wave  receiver.  CB  monitor 
recede*    or  general  purpose  laboratory  receiver. 

Price:  $350. 00 


GENERAL  *  All  amaieur  band*  10  thru  00  meters  m  seven 
SQL  ■-:  -~ ges  *  Solid  State  VTO  with  i  kHz  dial  riivistona 
e  Modes  SS©  Upper  and  Lower.  CW  and  AM  •  Bum  «n 
Sidetone  and  automatic  T  'R  swdcrrirvg  on  CW  e  30  tube* 
and  awnl-conducloni  *  Oimennort*  b  >  "H  10,-*'*W,  l*  \ 
O  (tl  0  *  27  3  i  36  5  cm*.  WL:  l£  lbs  (7  3  kg) 
TRANSMIT:  •  VOX  or  PTT  on  SSH  or  AM  *  Input  Power: 
SSS.  300  watts  PER.  AM,  2&0  watts  PEP  controlled 
earner  comoairble  wilh  S5B  linear* ,  CvV  290  watts  e 
Adj  tillable  pl-network. 

RECElVE:  •  Sensitivity  better  than  ft  »V  tor  10  dB  S/N  • 
IF  Selectivity  21  kHz  @  £  dB  36  kHz  f|  60  dfl  »  AGC 
fun  on  receive  modes,  vanabte  with  ftp  gain  control  feel 
attack  and  stow  release^  with  noise  pvE**  suppression  e 
Dtoto  Detector  for  AM  reception 

Price:  $649.00 

34-PNB  Plug  in  Noise  Blanker  .  ...  .  1  00,00 

FF-1  Crystal  Control  Unit 46*95 

MMK-3  Mobile  Mount  __,,,.. 7.00 

RV  4C  Remote  VFQ 1  20  00 


TR-4CW  SIDEBAND  TRANSCEIVER 


POWER  SUPPLJES 

AC  4  Power  Supply $120,00 

DC  4  Power  Supply 135.00 


2  METER  FM 

PORTABLE  TRANSCEIVER 

Model  TR-33C 


LINEAR  AMPLIFIER 
Model  L-4B 


Amateur  Net  $229,95 
SCPC*  Frequency  Control 
12  Channels  with  Selectable  Xmtr  Offsets, 
All  FET  Front-end  and  Crystal  Filter  for 
Superb  Receiver  Intermod  Rejection. 
Expanded  Antenna  Choice. 
Low  Receiver  Battery  Drain. 
Traditional    R.  L    Drake  Service   Backup, 
Single  Crystal  Per  Channel, 


L*4B  Linear  Amplifier .  ,  895,00 

•  2000  Watts  PEP-SSB  •Class  B  Grounded 
Grid   -   two   3-500Z    Tubes  •  Broad   Band 
Tuned- Input    •    RF    Negative    Feedback    • 
Transmitting  AGC  •  Directional  Wattmeter 

•  Two  Tautband  Suspension  Meters  •  L-4B 
13*15/16"  W,  7-7/8"  H,  14*5/16"  D.  Wt,: 
32  lbs.  •  Power  Supply  6-3/4"  W,  7-7/8"  H, 
11"  D,  Wt.:  43  lbs, 

POWER  SUPPLIES 

AC  4  Power  Supply ,  $120.00 

DC  4  Power  Supply  .............  135.00 


7buch-n~go  with 
DRAKE  1525EM 

Push  Button  Encoding  Mike 


.  £49.95 


Drake    1525EIVT,    microphone    with    tone    encoder    and 
connector    for    TR-33C,    TR  22.    TR-22C.ML-2 

•  Microphone  and  auto-patch  encoder  in  single  convenient  package  with  coil  cord  and 
connector.  Fully  wired  and  ready  for  use, 

•  High  accuracy  IC  tone  generator,  no  frequency  adjustments. 

•  High  reliability  Digitran®  keyboard. 

•  Power  for  tone  encoder  obtained  from  transceiver  through  microphone  cable.  No 
battery  required.  Low  current  drain. 

•  Low  output  impedance  allows  use  with  almost  all  transceivers. 

•  Four  pm  microphone  plug:  directly  connects  to  Drake  TR-33C  without  any  modifica- 
tion in  transceiver.  Compatible  with  ell  previous  Drake  and  other  2  meter  units  with 
minor  modifications. 

•  Tone  tevel  adjustable. 

•  Hang  up  hook  supplied. 


Ray  Meqirian  K4DHC 

606  SE  6th  Ave. 

Deerfield  Beach    FL   33441 


The 


Minicom  Receiver 


-  -  finally,  a  QRP  allbander 


Does  5  bands,  noise 
blanker,  S-meter,  tuna- 
ble CW  filter,  internal 
speaker,  and  ac/dc  operation 
in  a  receiver  small  enough  for 
suitcase  or  attache  case  turn 
you  on?  If  so,  then  the  MK 
IV  may  be  what  you've  been 
waiting  for. 

Background 

The  Minicom  MK  IV  is  a 
miniaturized  solid  state  com- 
munications receiver,  and  it 
should  be  apparent  from  the 
title  that  there  have  been  3 
predecessors-  I  guess  the 
earliest  version  was  one  I 
included  for  illustrative  pur- 
poses in  my  article  on  the 
LM-373.1  The  real  MK  I, 
however,  did  not  appear  until 
1974  when  it  was  published 
as  a  construction  project.* 
The  MK  1 1  was  devised  during 
the  time  the  MK  I  was 
awaiting  publication  and, 
since  it  was  very  similar,  no 


The  MK  I V  makes  art  attractive  package. 


136 


attempt  to  publish  details  was 
undertaken,  Instead,  all 
readers  who  inquired  about 
the  MK  I  were  advised  of  the 
later  version.  The  MK  III 
appeared  in  print  together 
with  a  collection  of  circuit 
ideas  for  receivers.3  It  was 
different  from  the  others  in 
that  a  triple  varactor  was  used 
to  replace  the  3-gang  tuning 
capacitor  in  the  rf  section.  As 
with  all  previous  Minicoms, 
single  band  operation  on  80 
meters  was  standard. 

At  various  times  I 
attempted  to  design  a  con- 
verter that  could  be  mated 
with  the  Minicom  assembly 
to  produce  a  multiband  re- 
ceiver of  diminutive  propor- 
tions- The  converter  usually 
ended  up  being  larger  than 
the  receiver  and  success 
eluded  me  for  a  very  long 
time.  By  using  3  separate  PC 
boards  and  constructing  the 
converter     around     and 


between  the  wafers  of  a  sur- 
plus rotary  switch,  a  suitable 
converter  was  finally  evolved 
which  led  to  several  copies  of 
multiband  Minicoms  in  the 
same  size  cabinet  as  the  single 
band  MK  I.  Construction  of 
this  converter,  however,  was 
far  too  tricky  and  the  rotary 
switch  too  hard  to  come  by 
to  make  publication  of  details 
practical. 

TheMKIV 

Over  a  period  of  many 
months,  I  investigated  the 
offerings  of  several  switch 
manufacturers  to  see  if  a  con- 
verter design  could  be 
developed  that  would  be 
suitable  for  publication.  The 
Stackpole  Series  80  submi ma- 
ture rotary  switch  offered  the 
most  promise,  so  I  ordered 
some  samples  fabricated  to 
my  specs-  The  switch  has 
printed  circuit  pins  so  that 
the    2    boards    used   for   the 


converter  mount  right  to  the 
switch.  Pins  from  various 
sections  are  brought  out  on 
opposite  sides  so  that  the  2 
boards  form  a  sandwich  with 
the  switch  in  the  middle. 

The  converter  together 
with  2  other  PC  assemblies 
make  up  the  bulk  of  the 
receiver  circuitry,  A  third 
board  constituting  an  dc 
power  supply  completes  the 
lineup.  Everything  is  housed 
in  a  Radio  Shack  #270-254 
cabinet  whose  dimensions  are 
6  W  x  2  y4'J  x  7  !4". 

The  main  PC  assembly 
contains  the  tunable  i-f  which 
covers  3.5  to  4,0  MHz,  a 
noise  blanker  with  threshold 
control,  and  2  amplifier 
stages.  Selectivity  is  provided 
by  2  transformers  and  2  dual 
ceramic  filters  at  455  kHz. 
The  companion  board  houses 
the  detector,  AGC  circuits, 
S-meter  amplifier,  BFO,  tun- 
able   CW    filter,    and    audio 


power  amplifier.  Both  of 
these  boards  are  2.4"  x  5,5*', 

Power  required  is  a  posi- 
tive 12  volt  source  capable  of 
supplying  120  to  150  mA 
during  audio  peaks.  No-signal 
drain  is  about  80  mA  for 
SSB/CW  operation*  The 
internal  regulated  supply 
meets  these  requirements  and 
is  automatically  switched  off 
when  the  receiver  is  switched 
to  an  external  dc  source. 

There  are  8  operating 
controls  and  3  switches  on 
the  front  panel  as  well  as  an 
5-meter  and  phone  jack.  The 
controls  are  main  tuning,  rf 
peaking,  AGC  time  constant, 
rf  gain,  af  g^in,  blanker 
threshold,  CW  filter  tuning, 
and  BFO  tuning.  Switch  con- 
trols consist  of  the  band- 
switch,  AM-SSB/CW  selector, 
and  CW  filter  mode  switch. 
The  ac/dc  power  selector 
switch,  antenna  connector,  ac 
power    cord    connector,   and 


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Fig,  L  Assembly  PC*L  All  fixed  resistors  are  %  Watt,  5%  AM  decimal  value  capacitors  are  low  voltage  discs.  All  capacitors  are  in 
uF  except  as  noted  on  schematic.  Capacitors  with  polarity  marked  are  elec  tro/ytics  of  at  least  15  volt  rating.  All  SM  (silver  mica) 
capacitors  are  in  pF.  The  circled  numbers  denote  pads  on  the  PC  board  which  connect  to  external  points  or  controls,  The 
artwork  layout  in  Fig.  5  shows  the  physical  location  of  each  of  these  points. 


137 


*l£V 


E32I 


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INPUT  * 


E42f 

BOTTOM 


SG3402;T 

BOTTOM 


2N5223       2N38J9      2NS24S 
BOTTOM     BOTTOM    BOTTOM 


LMiBtHM-B 

555B 
BOTTOM 


Fig,  2,  Assembly  PC-2,  All  fixed  resistors  are  %  Watt}  596.  All  decimal  value  capacitors  are  low  voltage  discs  and  values  are  in  uF. 
All  capacitors  with  polarity  marked  are  electrolytics  of  at  least  15  volt  rating.  Capacitors  marked  SM  (silver  mica)  are  in  pF.  The 
circled  numbers  denote  pads  on  the  PC  board  which  connect  with  external  points  or  controls.  The  artwork  layout  in  Fig,  6 
shows  the  physical  location  of  each  of  these  pads. 


external  power  input  jacks 
are  mounted  on  the  rear 
apron.  The  ac  fuse  is 
mounted  on  the  power 
supply  PC  board. 

The  small  internal  speaker 
is  epoxied  to  the  top  of  the 
cabinet  for  want  of  any  other 
available  space.  A  larger 
speaker  or  phones  may  be 
plugged  into  the  front  panel 
jack  which  cuts  out  the 
internal  speaker. 

That  should  give  you  the 
overall  basic  picture  of  what 
the  Minicom  MK  IV  is  and 
the  rest  to  follow  will  take  up 
the  circuitry  and  construction 
of  each  of  the  sections  in- 
dividually. 

Tunable  I-f  Assembly 

For  purposes  of  identifica* 
tion  this  assembly  will  be 
called  out  as  PC-1.  Fig,  1  is 
the  schematic  for  this  board. 

Recent  receivers  in  this 
series  used  MOSFET  rf  ampli- 


fiers which  often  were 
plagued  with  problems  of 
oscillation  and  instability. 
For  this  version,  l  decided  to 
go  back  to  the  old  MC1 5SOG 
IC  in  the  rf  stage.  The  re- 
ceiver pictured  here  has  been 
working  fine  and  not  shown 
any  tendency  towards  insta- 
bility whatsoever.  The  mixer 
which  follows  is  also  an  IC 
and  one  which  IVe  used  since 
the  MK  II.  The  SG3402Tisa 
proprietary  product  of 
Silicon  General,  It  provides 
good  conversion  gain  with 
very  light  oscillator  loading, 
thus  eliminating  the  need  for 
buffers.  The  VFO  tank  coils 
on  previous  Minicoms  were 
wound  on  stripped  down  455 
kHz  i-f  transformers,  as  were 
the  antenna  and  mixer  trans- 
formers in  the  rf  section.  I 
later  found  that  in  some  cases 
this  tank  coil  caused  excessive 
drift  in  the  VFO  and  the 
scheme  was  abandoned.  Since 


no  harm  comes  to  the  rf  and 
mixer  circuits,  however,  this 
construction  is  still  employed 
here.  The  new  VFO  tank  coil 
consists  of  a  pie-type  winding 
of  litz  wire  on  a  standard 
slug-tuned  coil  form. 

Output  from  the  mixer  is 
fed  unfiltered  to  an  amplifier 
stage  whose  main  purpose  is 
to  build  up  the  noise  spikes 
to  a  level  the  blanker  can  do  a 
job  on,  The  blanker  itself 
consists  of  a  diode  gate  using 
1 N60  diodes  and  a  pulse 
amplifier  fed  from  an 
envelope  detector  which 
controls  the  gate.  The  pulse 
amplifier  is  capacity  coupled 
to  the  output  of  the  first  i-f 
amplifier  and  the  gate  is 
transformer  coupled.  Output 
from  the  gate  terminates  in 
the  first  of  2  dual  ceramic 
filters  used  for  selectivity  in 
the  i-f  strip.  The  1N60  diodes 
are  normally  forward  biased 
and    do    not    impede    trans- 


mission of  the  i-f  signal.  When 
a  noise  pulse  appears  at  the 
input  to  the  pulse  amplifier, 
its  drain  voltage  drops 
towards  ground  and  momen- 
tarily reverse  biases  the  gate 
diodes,  preventing  trans- 
mission of  the  noise  pulse 
through  the  gate.  The  circuit 
is  quite  effective  for  impulse 
type  noise  but  is  of  little 
value  against  fluorescent 
lights,  power  leaks,  etc. 

Following  the  blanker  is  a 
stage  of  i-f  amplification 
using  a  SD304  dual  gate 
MOSFET,  These  devices  by 
Signetics  operate  with  all 
positive  bias,  making  AGC 
requirements  simple.  These 
transistors  are  run  with  a 
small  fixed  positive  bias  on 
gate  1  and  an  AGC  controlled 
positive  bias  on  gate  2.  As 
gate  2  bias  approaches  zero, 
gain  drops  rapidly  and  can 
affect  changes  as  great  as  40 
dB,  Output  from  this  stage  is 


138 


Out  of  Band 


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antennas,    calibrators,    CON- 
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receiving  antenna  tuners, 
FM  or  TV  station  guides,  AM 
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special  ITU  lists,  QSL 
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lished on  "listening/' 

GILFER  ASSOCIATES,  INC 

P.O.  Box  239,  Park  Ridge.  NJ  07656 

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Vanguard  now  has  a  HOT 

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you  can  afford 


MODEL  C  144-A  ONLY  $39-96 

READ  THE  SPECIFICATIONS  &  SEE 
WHY  IT'S  THE  BEST  CONVERTER 
VALUE    AVAILABLE  ANYWHERE!! 

•  Dual*it*te  MOSFET  r.f_  stage  with 
diode  protected  input, 

•  Dual*$ate  MOSFET  miser  for  mini* 
mum  cross  modulation.  Every  con- 
verter tested  for  noise  figure  (2.5  — 
3,0  dB  max,)  with  Hewlett  Packard 
noise  measuring  equipment. 

•  6  tuned  circuits. 

•  Mon*  than  20  dB  gain.  .1  microvolt 
sensitivity  guarantee  when  used  with 
receivers  having  1  microvolt  or  better 
sensitivity. 

•  Complete  with  one  +GQ5%  plug-in 
crystal  to  cover  144^146  or  146-148 
MHz  (be  sure  to  specify  which,  or  get 
both  for  only  $6.00  more).  Standard 
output  is  for  28-30  MHz. 

•  16  gauge  aluminum  case  with  BNC 
receptacles      and      antenna  /power 


switch.  Measures  3Vi"  x  2W  x  I1* 


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.25  mV  Sensitivity  plus  75  db  adjacent  channe 
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across  the  band 


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ELECTRONICS,  INC.    7707  Records  Street 

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THE  FM  LEADER 


2  METER  SUM   220  MHZ 
6  METER  ©D   440  MHZ 


R2 


139 


- 


L3  (molded  choke)               V1  (HC18/U  or  HC25/U  holder) 

40m 

4.7  uH                                           11  MHz 

20m 

2.2  uH                                             18  MHz 

1  5m 

1.5  uH                                             25  MHz 

10m 

(same  tank  circuit  as  15m) 

4t  #28 


7t  #28 


12t  #28 


20t  #36 


© 

© 

©: 

It  #28 

1 5m 

1 .5t  #28 

20m 
Top  views  of  LI 

2t#36 

40m 

"<D 

D 

O. 

7t  #28 

15m 

12i  ^28 
20m 
Top  views  of  L2 

20i  #36 
40m 

It  #28 

10m 


4t  #28 

10m 


Table  h  Ail  coi/s  wound  on  Gowanda  Series  7  coii  farms. 
Forms  are  ,209** diameter  x  .625"  long  with  Carbonyf  E  cores. 
"X*'  indicates  cold  or  ground  end  of  winding. 


transformer  coupled  to  the 
second  ceramic  filter,  which 
completes     the     circuitry 

assigned  to  this  board. 

Detector  and  Audio  Section 

This  assembly  is  PC*2  and 
the  schematic  for  it  is  Fig.  2. 

A  second  SG3402T  IC  is 
used  as  detector  for  both  AM 
and  SSB/CW,  it  being  neces- 
sary only  to  disable  the  BFO 
for  AM  reception.  The 
SG3402T  has  2  outputs  via 
pins  3  and  8.  In  this  case,  pin 
3  is  used  as  the  main  audio 
source  and  is  fed  to  the 
preamp  which  uses  half  of  a 
dual  op  amp.  Output  from 
the  preamp  connects  to  either 
the  audio  gain  control  or  is 
left  open  if  the  CW  filter  is  in 
use,  In  order  to  maintain  a 
fairly  constant  input  to  the 
CW  filter,  audio  from  the 
preamp  is  fed  to  a  saturating 
amplifier  circuit  and  from 
there  to  the  filter.  The  filter 
itself  consists  of  2  identical 
active  bandpass  filters  joined 
by  a  threshold  detector.4 
Both  sections  are  tuned 
simultaneously  by  a  dual  5k 
pot.  A  3  position  switch 
allows  the  filter  to  be  cut  out 
of  the  circuit,  operated  with 
the  threshold  detector 
shorted  out  for  medium  selec- 
tivity, or  with  the  threshold 
detector  intact  for  sharp 
response-  It  will  not  always 
be  practical  to  use  the  Sharp 
position,  since  weak  signals  or 


QSB  may  cause  the  signal 
level  to  fall  below  the  barrier 
potential  of  the  diodes  and 
cut  out  altogether.  In  such 
cases,  the  Medium  position 
will  still  provide  a  good  deal 
of  selectivity.  The  frequency 
range  covered  by  the  filter  is 
approximately  400  to  1600 
Hz. 

An  LM380N-8  is  used  in 
the  audio  power  amplifier 
stage.  This  IC  is  rated  at  600 
mW  output  and  requires  few 
external  components. 

The  BFO  is  diode  tuned 
and  uses  a  standard  455  kHz 
transistor  i-f  transformer  for 
the  tank  circuit.  Before  in- 
stalling the  transformer,  the 
secondary  is  modified  to  4 
turns  so  as  to  supply  proper 
injection  level  to  the  detec- 
tor. Operating  voltage  for  the 
oscillator  and  bias  for  the 
tuning  diode  are  zener  regu- 
lated. 

Audio  output  from  the 
detector  is  used  as  the  source 
for  generating  AGC  voltage 
and  is  taken  from  pin  8*  The 
second  half  of  the  dual  op 
amp  is  used  to  amplify  the 
audio  about  30  times  before 
rectification.  The  resulting 
positive  voltage  is  stored  in  an 
electrolytic  capacitor  and 
bled  off  at  a  rate  determined 
by  the  setting  of  the  T/C 
control.  The  latter  is  a  front 
panel  control  giving  the  oper- 
ator a  choice  of  AGC  decay 
time  over  a  continuous  range 


of  milliseconds  to  seconds, 

The  FET  which  follows 
amplifies  and  inverts  the  dc 
voltage  appearing  across  the 
electrolytic  capacitor  so  that 
as  signal  increases,  the  level  at 
the  top  of  the  rf  gain  control 
decreases.  This  is  the  proper 
action  for  control  of  the 
SD304,  and  when  I  used  this 
transistor  in  all  gain-con* 
trolled  stages,  no  further 
circuitry  was  needed.  Now, 
however,  a  reverse  effect  is 
required  for  the  MC1550G 
used  in  the  tuner  rf  stage.  The 
SD304  operates  at  full  gain 
when  the  AGC  level  is  5  to  6 
V.  The  MC1550G  doesn't 
start  to  lose  again  until  the 
AGC  starts  to  rise  above  this 
level,  making  a  second  inver- 
sion necessary.  This  is  accom- 
plished with  an  additional 
FET.  The  rf  gain  control  does 
the  same  thing  as  the  AGC 
when  manual  control  is  de- 
sired 

It  may  be  worth  noting 
that  an  early  version  of  the 
MK  IV  used  separate  sources 
for  AGC  control.  As  might  be 
expected,  output  from  the  i-f 
amplifier  was  used  during  AM 
reception  in  place  of  the  au- 
dio source.  Since  AM  is  sel- 
dom used,  this  extra  circuitry 
and  additional  switching  were 
eliminated  to  save  space. 
Though  perhaps  not  ideal  for 
AM,  the  audio  AGC  works 
well  enough  to  make  AM 
reception  practical  whenever 
it  is  needed. 

The  S-meter  amplifier  is 
the  final  item  included  in  this 
assembly.  Control  voltage  for 
this  stage  is  taken  directly 
from  the  storage  capacitor. 
Trimmer  R1  controls  meter 
sensitivity  by  setting  the 
amount  of  AGC  voltage  ap- 
plied to  the  meter  amplifier, 
R2  is  used  to  balance  the 
circuit  for  zero  deflection  un- 
der no-signal  conditions. 

There  are  3  other  trimmers 
on  this  board  intended  for 
various  purposes.  R3  is  the 
AGC  threshold  adjustment 
and  sets  the  point  at  which 
AGC  starts  to  affect  gain  rela- 
tive to  signal  strength,  R4  is 
used  to  set  the  static  AGC 
level  of  5  to  6  vults  men- 
tioned    above.     The     last 


trimmer,  R5f  is  a  tracking 
adjustment  for  the  2  sections 
of  the  dual  pot  used  to  tune 
the  audio  filter. 

The  heart  of  the  converter 
is  the  Stackpole  Series  80 
subrniniature  rotary  switch.  It 
is  rectangular  in  shape  and 
measures  13/1 6"  x  9/16". 
Each  section  is  a  totally 
enclosed  module  and  up  to 
10  of  these  decks  may  be 
combined  in  various  con- 
figurations to  make  up  the 
desired  switching  pattern.  In 
the  case  of  our  converter,  5 
sections  of  1  pole,  5  positions 
are  required.  All  the  coniacis 
emerge  along  one  side  of  the 
module  and  are  spaced  on 
one-tenth  inch  centers  along 
both  axes.  To  conform  with 
the  design  of  the  converter,  2 
sections  have  their  contacts 
brought  out  one  side  of  the 
switch  and  3  sections  on  the 
opposite  side.  The  2  PC 
boards  are  both  2"  square 
and  mount  directly  to  the 
switch  on  opposite  sides.  One 
board  had  to  be  made  2-sided 
to  accommodate  all  the  cir- 
cuitry, but  a  single-sided 
board  was  sufficient  for  the 
other.  The  double-sided 
board  contains  the  rf  ampli- 
fier with  its  4  antenna  coils 
and  the  3  crystals  for  the 
oscillator.  The  second  board 
houses  the  mixer  with  its  4 
coils  and  the  remainder  of  the 
local  oscillator  circuitry. 
Overall  thickness  is  1-5/8", 

Fig.  3  is  the  schematic  for 
the  converter  whose  circuit 
consists  of  a  cascode  rf  stage 
using  a  pair  of  JFETs  fol- 
lowed by  a  dual  gate  mixer.  A 
second  J  FET  functions  as 
crystal  oscillator.  The 
switching  is  arranged  so  that 
the  antenna  feeds  right 
through  on  80  meters. 

A  25  MHz  crystal  is  used 
for  coverage  of  both  15 
meters  and  the  low  end  (28*5 
to  29.0  MHz)  of  10  meters, 
thus  economizing  on  both 
cost  and  precious  space.  If 
coverage  of  some  500  kHz 
segment  other  than  those 
used  here  is  desired,  suitable 
crystals  and  tank  coils  may  be 
substituted.  Also  note  that 
with  this  design  40,  20,  and 
15    meters   tune   backwards. 


140 


Internal  layout  showing  vertical  mounting  of  ail  assemblies 
foreground. 


except  power  supply  in  center 


The  10  meter  band  will  tune 
normally  from  low  to  high 
with  CW  rotation  of  the 
tuning  capacitor  since  the 
crystal  is  on  the  low  side.  As 
built,  the  converter  covers  7,0 
to  7.5  MHz,  21.0  to  21.5 
MHz,  140  to  14.5  MHz,  and 
28.5  to  29.0  MHz,  The  tun* 
able  i-f  covers  the  80  met 
band  from  3.5  to  4.0  MHz. 

Power  Supply 

A  simple  basic  regulator 
circuit  is  used  in  the  power 
supply  and  requires  no 
particular  commenL  It  is 
entirely  self-contained,  in* 
eluding  transformer,  on  a 
board  23"  x  3.T\  Output  is 
12  volts  at  150  mA.  A  sche- 
matic for  the  power  supply 
appears  in  Fig.  4. 

That  just  about"  covers 
everything  that's  in  the  re- 
ceiver, so  now  we  can  get  on 
with  the  actual  building.  I 
hope  you're  a  real  honesMo- 
goodness  do-it-yourselfer  and 
will  be  making  your  own 
boards,  too.  That's  half  the 
fun  and  not  nearly  as  difficult 
as  so  many  readers  seem  to 
think,  judging  from  the  mail  I 

get. 

The  only  real  problem  area 
regarding  fabrication  of  the 
printed   circuits  used   in   the 


MK  IV  is  the  double-sided 
board  used  in  the  converter.  I 
generally  cut  out  a  cardboard 
frame  for  all  my  boards  so 
thai  the  board  fits  snugly  in 
the  cutout  and  can't  move 
during  handling.  The  film  is 
cut  slightly  larger  than  the 
opening  and  once  lined  up  is 
fastened  with  tape  around  the 
edge.  To  expose  2-sided 
boards,  I  line  up  the  second 
film  on  the  backside  and 
fasten  only  one  edge  with 
tape.  This  film  is  then  merely 
hinged  and  can  be  lifted  to 
insert  the  2-sided  board.  Each 
side  is  then  exposed  in  turn 
and  the  board  processed  as 
usual. 

Assembling  PC-1 

All  the  holes  will  have  to 
be  drilled  before  any  com- 
ponents can  be  mounted,  and 
it  would  be  well  to  go  ahead 
and  drill  all  the  boards  at  one 
time,  1  generally  don't  bother 
with  anything  smaller  than  a 
#65  drill,  but  you  may  if  you 
wish  a  real  snug  fit  on  semi- 
conductors or  other  com- 
ponents with  fine  leads.  Most 
holes  can  be  drilled  with 
either  a  *60  or  #65  drill.  Use 
a  #50  drill  for  the  2  mount- 
ing lug?  on  the  455  kHz  i-f 
cans  and  a  #30  drill  for  the  2 


screws  holding  the  3-gang 
variable  capacitor.  The  #30 
drill  can  also  be  used  for  the 
2  power  transformer 
mounting  lug$  and  the  tuning 
slug  access  holes  on  the 
single-sided  converter  board. 
The  power  supply  regulator 
transistor  can  be  mounted 
with  either  #2  or  #4  screws, 
so  drill  the  2  holes  to  suit. 
The  4  corner  mounting  holes 
on  this  board  can  be  drilled 
for  #4  screws.  About  the 
only  other  odd  holes  are 
those  for  the  vertical  trimmer 
resistors  on  PC-2  which  re- 
quire a  ^54drilL 

As  with  assembly  of  ail  the 
boards  making  up  this  pro- 
ject, a  few  basic  rules  to 
follow  will  make  the  job 
easier.  In  line  with  this,  I 
generally  mount  the  shal- 
lowest components  first  since 


the  board  is  usually  turned  on 
its  back  during  soldering  and 
direct  contact  of  the  com- 
ponent with   the  lop  of  the 

bench  prevents  it  from  falling 
out.  This  means  all  resistors 
and   diodes  go   in  first.  The 

smallest  discs,  silver  micas, 
semiconductors,  and  ICs 
would  follow,  with  the  larger 
discs,  electrolytics  and  trans- 
formers going  last  In  most 
cases,  you  can  tell  what  order 
to  follow  by  laying  out  all  the 
components  in  proper 
sequence  by  height.  Try  to 
keep  heating  of  germanium 
diodes  to  a  minimum  since 
they  are  the  most  tempera- 
lure  sensitive  parts  you'll  be 
installing.  A  small  iron  is 
essentia] ,  but  not  one  with 
inadequate  heating  capacity. 
The  rest  of  the  DOs  and 
DONTs  I'll  skip,  since  you've 
heard  them  all  before  and  if 
you  are  tackling  this  project, 
you  must  be  a  big  boy  now. 

The  rf  transformers  and 
VFO  tank  coil  will  have  to  be 
wound  before  proceeding 
with  the  assembly  operation. 
All  the  winding  information 
is  contained  in  Table  2.  Tl 
and  T2  are  wound  on 
stripped  down  455  kHz  tran- 
sistor i-f  transformers  of  the 
3/8'  square  variety.  Wire 
salvaged  from  the  trans- 
formers is  used  to  wind  the 
new  coils.  If  you  read  refer- 
ence 2,  you'll  get  a  few  tips 
on  how  to  go  about  this 
operation. 

Winding  T3  is  a  little  more 
of  a  problem  if  you  don't 
have  a  coil  winding  machine. 
I  use  one  of  those  that's  been 
advertised  in  many  of  the 
mail  order  catalogs  since  the 
year  1  and  sold  under  the 
name  of  MoReCo  the  last  I 
looked.  When  I  bought  mine, 


\T 


O 


tOT 


T3 


Table  2.  Tl  and  T2  are  wound  on  stripped  455  kHz  transistor 
i-f  transformers  using  salvaged  wire,  T3  is  pie-wound  with  7/44 
litz  wire  on  a  Gowanda  Series  7  coil  form  with  Carbonyi  E 
(red)  core.  The  J  turn  link  is  wound  over  the  top  of  the  pie. 


141 


it  was  a  Morris  coil  winder,  A 
54"  cam  is  used  and  the  wind- 
ing located  as  close  to  the 
bottom  of  the  form  as  prac- 
tical. Impregnate  the  winding 
with  a  generous  dose  of  coil 
wax  when  done.  Use  standard 
455  kHz  i-f  transformers  for 
T4  and  T5. 

Don't  forget  that  unlike 
other  ICs  in  TO-5  cans,  the 
MC1550G  has  pin  1  located 
adjacent  to  the  tab  and  not 
pin  10,  Also,  before  installing 
the  SG3402T  you  HI  have  to 
cut  off  pin  6  since  there  is  no 
hole  for  this  lead  in  the 
board. 

The  20  pF  padding  capaci- 
tors across  the  rf  and  mixer 
gangs  of  the  tuning  capacitor 
are  mounted  right  on  the 
capacitor  before  installation. 
One  end  of  each  padder  is 
soldered  to  the  frame  and  the 
other  end  to  the  stater  con- 
nection on  each  of  the  first  2 
gangs.  Before  mounting  the 
variable  capacitor,  you  should 
grind  the  shaft  to  desired 
length  and  also  clip  the  3 
stator  solder  lugs  to  1/8". 

The  drain  resistor  for  the 
noise  blanker  pulse  amplifier 
is  selected  during  test  and  a 
Ik  resistor  should  be  tem- 
porarily installed.  The  100 
Ohm  source  resistor  is 
mounted  externally.  See  Fig. 
9. 


The  SFD-455D  filters  have 
small  circles  molded  into  the 
top  of  the  case  at  one  end. 
Mount  these  parts  with  the 
circle  towards  the  20  pF 
coupling  capacitor  associated 
with  each  filter. 

The  3-gang  tuning  capaci- 
tor will  be  the  last  item  in- 
stalled. Use  #4-40  screws 
with  internal  tooth  lock 
washers  under  the  head  and 
insert  from  the  copper  side  of 
the  board.  Use  2  flat  washers 
between  the  board  and  the 
frame  of  the  variable 
capacitor  at  each  screw  in 
order  to  clear  the  rivets  and 
prevent  distortion  of  the 
board  when  the  screws  are 
tightened.  Long  pigtails  cut 
from  resistors  during  assem- 
bly can  be  used  to  connect 
each  gang  to  its  respective 
pad.  These  leads  should  be 
soldered  to  the  capacitor 
stator  lugs  before  mounting, 
since  little  room  is  left  after 
mounting.  The  free  end  of 
each  lead  can  be  guided  Into 
the  proper  bote  as  the  capaci- 
tor is  mated  with  the  board, 

PC-1  and  PC-2  both  have 
several  pads  available  for  the 
+12  supply  and  are  so  marked 

right  on  the  board.  You  will 
also  find  a  number  of  empty 
holes  around  the  copper 
border    which   are   there  for 


ground  returns  if  needed.  The 
remaining  pads  with  empty 
hoies  amid  the  copper  cir- 
cuitry are  for  connections  to 
external  controls  or  to  other 
boards  and  can  be  left  alone 
for  the  present. 

Assembling  PC-2 

Proceed  with  this  board 
just  as  with  PC-1*  There  are 
no  coils  to  wind,  but  there  is 
a  modification  to  perform  on 
the  BFO  transformer  (Tl) 
before  it  can  be  installed. 
Using  a  standard  i-f  trans- 
former, remove  the  assembly 
from  the  can  and  break  off 
the  secondary  leads  right  at 
the  point  where  they  enter 
the  bobbin.  A  pair  of  fine 
tweezers  is  ideal  for  this  oper- 
ation. Unsolder  the  remaining 
wire  from  each  of  the  pins 
and  clean  off  any  excess 
solder.  Using  a  piece  of  sal- 
vaged wire  from  the  rf  trans- 
formers, wind  a  new  secon- 
dary of  4  turns  right  over  the 
existing  windings  and  solder 
the  ends  to  the  secondary 
pins. 

Clip  pin  6  on  the 
SG3402T  as  before  and  you 
are  ready  to  start  mounting 
parts.  Assembly  is  quite 
straightforward  and  when  the 
board  is  complete,  set  it  aside 
with  PG1  until  everything  is 
ready  for  testing. 


IKmOm 


Top  view  of  converter,  PC-2  and  PC- J  fully  assembled. 


Assembling  the  Converter 

I've  taken  a  lot  of  liberties 
with  construction  of  the  con- 
verter and  you  may  not  agree 
with  some  of  the  techniques 
employed,  but  it  did  allow 
me  to  squeeze  1 0  pounds  into 
a  5  pound  bag.  If  anyone 
comes  up  with  any  good  ideas 
on  improving  this  beast  with- 
out increasing  the  size,  I'd 
like  to  hear  from  you. 

As  1  mentioned  earlier, 
one  of  the  2  converter  boards 
is  2-sided.  One  side  contains 
all  the  circuitry  while  the 
other  is  a  ground  plane.  All 
the  components  for  this 
board  are  mounted  on  the 
wiring  side,  which  becomes 
the  top  of  the  converter.  This 
means  that  all  leads  will  have 
to  be  soldered  to  their  pads 
right  at  the  point  of  entry 
except  for  those  connecting 
to  ground  on  the  other  side. 
You  can  tell  which  leads  get 
grounded  by  whether  or  not 
the  copper  has  been  etched 
from  around  the  hole  on  the 
backside. 

There  are  4  locations 
where  it  is  impossible  to 
solder  the  leads  because  the 
pads  are  covered  by  the  com- 
ponent when  it  is  inserted 
into  the  board.  These  4 
points  include  one  end  of 
each  crystal  and  the  positive 
terminal  of  the  electrolytic 
filter  capacitor.  Since  I  don't 
have  plating-through  capa- 
bility in  my  rather  simple 
printed  circuit  facility,  I 
solved  this  problem  by  in- 
serting a  tiny  eyelet  through 
the  top  of  the  board  and 
soldering  the  head  to  the  pad. 
The  component  lead  is  then 
soldered  to  the  barrel  of  the 
eyelet  on  the  other  side, 

The  coils  are  wound  as 
shown  in  Table  1.  Make  cer- 
tain you  get  the  right  orienta- 
tion when  inserting  the  coil 
into  the  board.  The  crystals 
may  be  in  either  HC18/U  or 
HC25/U  holders  to  fit  the 
layout.  I  personally  prefer  the 
latter  since  the  pins  seem  to 
lake  solder  belter  than  the 
wire  leads. 

The  bottom  board  is 
assembled  in  the  normal 
manner,     with     components 


■ 


142 


mounted  on  the  clear  side. 
The  ground  plane  for  this 
board,  as  with  all  previous 
sections,  is  the  copper  border 
around  the  outside  edge. 
Eventually  all  printed  circuit 
grounds  wilt  be  made 
common  with  each  other  and 
the  metal  cabinet. 

When  mounting  the  3  sub- 
miniature  trimmer  capacitors 
used  to  tune  the  oscillator 
tank  circuits,  try  and  connect 
the  rotor  side  to  ground.  If 
you  look  at  the  top  of  the 
trimmer,  you'll  see  a  tiny  slit 
at  one  end  where  the  lug 
comes  up  and  connects  to  the 
stator  plate.  This  end  should 
go  to  the  choke  (tank  coil) 
and  the  other  end  to  ground 
The  chokes  used  for  the  tank 
coils  are  mounted  vertically 
in  hairpin  fashion,  with  the 
bottom  of  each  choke  seated 
in  the  hole  closest  to  the 
middle  of  the  board.  The  top 
leads  are  bent  a  full  1 80°  and 
inserted  into  the  proper 
mating  hole. 

There  are  5  jumpers  and  1 
component  wired  between 
the  2  boards  when  the  sand- 
wich is  complete,  The  com- 
ponent is  the  500  pF  disc 
capacitor  connected  between 
the  mixer  drain  and  converter 
output.  Cut  one  end  to  about 
Vijl  lead  length  and  solder  this 
end  to  its  pad  on  the  bottom 
(single-sided)  board.  Next 
you  can  mount  the  band- 
switch  to  this  board,  being 
careful  not  to  damage  any  of 
the  pins*  Once  the  2  switch 
decks  are  fully  seated,  solder 
all  the  connections.  Now 
mate  the  top  board  with  the 
3  remaining  switch  decks 
topside.  Insert  the  free  end  of 
the  500  pF  disc  into  its  pad 
and  clip  off  any  excess  lead 
after  soldering.  As  soon  as 
everything  is  seated  properly 
and  the  2  boards  appear  to  be 
parallel,  solder  all  switch  con- 
nections. 

The  remaining  jumpers  are 
mostly  straight  through  and 
here  again  you  can  use  pigtail 
clippings.  Use  sleeving  if  you 
wish  to  insulate  these  leads, 
although  it  is  not  necessary. 
There  are  2  jumpers  joining 
the  ground  planes  on  each 
board,  and  youll  find  these 


w 


bo 


>I5 


10 


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406T3 


^tOpf  270 


2N3BI9 


BOTTOM  VIE* 

DGS  ^ 

2N31I9  4067 » 


SID 

I        'i — ■       * 9- 

r  rl 


!0O  K 
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SOOflf 


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RFC 


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ftf 


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33K  I— 


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47^  F 


Fig.  3.  Converter  schematic,  Coif  winding  information  appears  in  Table  h  All  resistors  are  % 
Watt,  5%.  AH  decimal  value  capacitors  are  low  voltage  discs  with  values  in  uF>  The  capacitors 
marked  SM  (silver  mica)  are  in  pF* 


holes  halfway  up  each  side 
right  at  the  edge  of  the  board. 
The  next  2  jumpers  are  at  the 
rear  of  the  assembly.  One  of 
these  joins  the  12  volt  bus  on 
each  board.  Use  the  inner- 
most of  the  2  12  volt  pads  on 
the  top  board  and  the  pad 
between  the  40  and  20  meter 
coils  directly  below.  There  is 
a  slight  offset  to  this  pair  of 
holes*  The  other  pair  joins  the 
100  pF  coupling  capacitor 
from  the  rf  amplifier  to  the 
mixer  gate.  These  2  line  up 
exactly  and  fall  between  the 
20  and  15  meter  coils  below. 
The  final  jumper  is  up  front 
and  joins  the  gate  of  the 
crystal  oscillator  transistor 
with  the  switch  deck  that 
selects  crystals.  There  is 
about  Vi"  of  offset  between 
these  2  holes.  On  the  top 
board,  use  the  second  hole 
from  the  right,  and  the  hole 
directly  in  front  of  the  oscil- 
lator transistor  on  the  bottom 
board. 

Putting  it  All  Together 

The  receiver  was  assem- 
bled on  a  sub-base  and  sub- 
panel  constructed  of  regular 
G10  printed  circuit  material. 
The  panel  and  base  were  cut 
to  fit  snugly  inside  the 
cabinet  and  were  joined  by 
soldering  to  form  an  "L" 
shaped  sub-chassis.  The  pots, 
switches,  S-meter,  and  phone 
jack  were  all  fastened  directly 
to  the  sub-panel.  All  assem- 


blies but  the  power  supply 

were  mounted  vertically  to 
the  sub-base  with  PC-1  in  the 
center.  Short  lengths  of  brass 
angle  were  soldered  along  the 
bottom  edge  of  POl  and 
PC-2  and  then  drilled  to  take 
#4  screws  which  fastened  the 
boards  to  the  bottom  of  the 
cabinet,  PC-1  was  mounted 
with  the  tuning  capacitor  at 
the  bottom  and  PC-2  with  the 
BFO  transformer  up  front 
and  facing  the  outside.  This 
puts  these  2  assemblies  back 
to  back*  From  front  to  rear, 
PC-1  is  positioned  so  that  the 
end  of  the  large  outer  shaft 
on  the  tuning  capacitor  is 
flush  with  the  outside  panel* 
PC-2  has  to  be  positioned 
farther  back  in  order  to  clear 
the  front  panel  controls. 

The  converter  is  mounted 
by  fastening  the  bands  witch 
to  the  sub-panel  with  the 
switch  towards  the  bottom,  A 
jumper  is  soldered  from  the 
ground  plane  on  each  board 
to  the  sub-base  since  there  is 
no  other  means  by  which  the 
converter  gets  grounded.  A 
very  small  2-gang  variable 
capacitor  from  an  FM  tran- 
sistor radio  was  found  to  fit 
between  the  converter  boards 
and  is  used  to  peak  the  rf 
circuits. 

The  power  supply  was 
mounted  parallel  to  the  base 
behind  the  converter  and  is 
partly  visible  in  the  photo. 
Small   standoffs  are   used  in 


each  comer  to  keep  the 
printed  wiring  from  shorting 
against  the  base. 

The  holes  in  the  front 
panel  were  made  just  large 
enough  for  the  1/8"  shafts  to 
clear.  Since  very  small  knobs 
must  be  used  to  accom- 
modate all  the  controls  in  the 
limited  space,  a  large  hole 
would  be  unsightly  if  the 
knob  couldn't  cover  it.  The 
knobs  I  used  are  only  5/16" 
in  diameter  and  are  not  really 
knobs,  but  were  made  by 
someone  unknown  from 
unknown  material  whose 
origin  is  lost  in  antiquity.  I 
had  only  6  when  I  built  the 
MK  IV,  so  I  had  to  keep  the 
number  of  controls  to  that 
number*  The  remaining  con- 
trols will  take  real  knobs  and 
you  can  select  those  that  suit 
your  fancy. 

The  2  toggle  switches  in 
the  bottom  row  were 
fastened  to  the  sub-panel  but 
allowed  to  extend  all  the  way 
through  the  front  panel 
where  a  second  nut  was  used 
to  hold  everything  together. 
The  phone  jack  barrel  was 
too  short  to  take  a  nut  so  I 
epoxied  a  flat  washer  around 
the  opening  to  dress  it  up. 

The  S-meter  is  one  of 
those  very  common  sub- 
mi  n  i  a  tu  re  edge  wi  se  types 
with  nothing  but  a  3-color 
scale  and  no  calibration. 
Movement  sensitivity  is  500 
uA,  A  small  strip  of  tape  and 

143 


t£  VOLT 
TRANSFORMER 


2M3tf&4 


1150 
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35V  JL^1 


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16V 


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CIRCUITRY- 


TO  RX 


DPDT/CENTER  OFF 


AC  y        DC 
*        er       6 


7  J 

115  V 

AC 


+  I2V 

EXT   SUPPLY 


P 


F/#,  -£  ,4  c  power  supply  schematic.  The  external  circuitry  was 
mounted  on  the  rear  panel  of  the  cabinet  The  bridge  rectifier 
is  a  TO- 5  size  molded  unit  of  at  least  50  volt  rating.  The  power 
transformer  is  a  surplus  item  and  is  mounted  right  on  the 
board. 


some  transfer  lettering  trans- 
formed it  into  a  neat  little 
S-meter.  There  was  only 
enough  room  for  3,  5,  9,  and 
a  +  sign   to   indicate  signals 


over  S9. 

The  remaining  panel  hard- 
ware consists  of  a  phono  jack 
for  antenna  input,  a  DPDT 
power  switch  with  center-off 


position,  a  pair  of  banana 
jacks  for  external  power 
input,  and  a  connector  for 
the  ac  power  cord.  Alt  of 
these  mount  on  the  rear 
panel.  If  you  wish  to  have 
reverse  polarity  protection 
when  operating  from  external 
sources,  connect  a  suitable 
diode  between  the  +12  jack 
and  the  power  switch  in  place 
of  a  piece  of  wire. 

A  full  size  panel  layout  is 
shown  in  Fig,  10  for  use  with 
the  Radio  Shack  #270-254 
cabinet.  If  you  go  with  this 
setup  you'll  have  to  come  up 
with  some  small  knobs.  Also, 
if  you  find  a  suitable  variable 
capacitor  for  the  peaking  con- 
trol, you'll  have  to  make  a 
shaft  for  it,  as  these  little 
solid  dielectric  variables  don't 
come  with  a  shaft.  This  com- 
ponent is  not  vital,  however, 
and  can  be  left  out.   If  it  is, 


Fig.  5,  Assembly  POl  board  and  component  layout. 


delete    the     title    from    the 
artwork. 

The  dial  portion  of  the 
panel  artwork  has  2  blank 
scales.  One  of  these  can  be 
calibrated  to  read  from  .5  to 
1.0  in  the  clockwise  direction 
and  the  other  from  0  to  ,5  in 
the  reverse  direction.  When 
using  the  3.5  or  28.5  MHz 
bands,  you  will  use  the  first 
scale,  and  when  switched  to 
7.0,  14.0  or  21.0  MHz,  you 
use  the  other  scale,  As  you 
can  see,  I  calibrated  every 
100  kHz,  but  some  inter- 
mediate steps  could  be 
included.  Only  one  set  of 
calibration  marks  is  needed 
since  the  scales  are  exact 
reciprocals. 

Everything   You   Wanted   To 

Know  About  Parts 

At  this  point  you  may  be 
thinking  it's  a  nice  project 
but  not  worth  risking  one's 
sanity  trying  to  find  all  the 
parts.  I  must  admit  that  you 
would  have  a  lot  of  trouble 
obtaining  some  of  the  items, 
so  I've  been  slowly  amassing  a 
shoe  box  full  of  spares  to 
help  out.  If  you  write  for  a 
price  list  or  anything  else, 
please  enclose  an  SASE  or 
you  won't  get  a  reply. 

Some  parts  can  be  sub- 
stituted and  the  obvious  ones 
we'll  skip.  The  dual  JFET 
5-meter  amplifier  is  one  possi- 
bility, I  had  an  E421  on  hand 
but  some  unmarked  types  in 
my  junk  box  worked  as  well. 
I  specified  diodes  as  either 
germanium  or  silicon  because 
I  found  no  noticeable  differ- 
ence in  performance  with  any 
particular  type.  Some  very 
worthwhile  bargains  in  first 
line  diodes  can  be  found  in 
many  ads  in  73,  so  take  ad- 
vantage of  them.  The  IN 60 
did  work  slightly  better  in  the 
blanker  gate  so  was  the  one 
diode  I  spelled  out  The  1N60 
is  a  germanium  type  if  you 
wish  to  experiment.  For  the 
silicon  units  there  are  plenty 
of  1N914s  and  !N4148s 
around  at  bargain  prices. 

There  are  only  a  couple  of 
bipolar  transistors  in  the 
entire  receiver  and  these  are 
not  critical.  Just  don't  try  to 
use  a  PNP  for  an  NPN.  The 


144 


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and  your  cost  is  only  $179.95, 

Our  standard  model  is  for  re- 
ceivers with  the  crystal  formula 
Fc  =  Fs  -  10.7  MHz  divided  by  3. 
However,  we  can  make  it  for 
almost  any  other  formula. 


For  complete  details  of  this 
synthesizer  and  others  priced  as 
low  as  $139.95,  see  our  half  page 
ad  in  the  January  1977  issue  of 
this  magazine, 

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How  You 
Can  Convert 
Your  Rohn 

25G  Tower  to  a 
FOLD -OVER 


CHANGE,  ADJUST  OR  JUST 
PLAIN  WORK  ON  YOUR 
ANTENNA  AND  NEVER  LEAVE 
THE  GROUND. 


If  you  have  a  Rohn  25G 
Tower,  you  can  convert  It  to 
a  Fold-over  by  simply  using 
a  conversion  kit.  Or,  buy  an 
inexpensive  standard  Rohn 
25G  tower  now  and  convert 
to  a  Fold-over  later. 

Rohn  Fold-overs  allow  you  to 
work  completely  on  the 
ground  when  installing  or 
servicing  antennas  or  rotors. 
This  eliminates  the  fear  of 
climbing  and  working  at 
heights.  Use  the  tower  that 
reduces  the  need  to  climb. 
When  you  need  to  "get  at" 
your  antenna  .  ,  .  just  turn 
the  handle  and  there  it  is. 
Rohn  Fold-overs  offer  un- 
beatable utility. 

Yes!  You  can  convert  to  a 
Fold-over,  Check  with  your 
distributor  for  a  kit  now  and 
keep  your  feet  on  the  ground. 


AT  ROHN  YOU  GET  THE  BEST 


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Division  of  Unarco  Industries,  Inc. 
P.O.  Box  2000.  Peoria,  Illinois 61 601 


145 


This  view  of  the  converter  shows  additional  details  of  the  sandwich  construction. 


krVTTT.  - 

L 


Fig,  6.  Assembly  PC-2  board  and  component  layout 


40673  dual  gate  MOSFET  has 
possibilities,  such  as  the 
40841,  but  don't  try  to  sub- 
stitute for  the  SD304  which 
is  best  left  alone* 

The  tuning  capacitor  is  the 
same  one  I've  used  for  all  the 
Minrcom  receivers  except  the 
MK  III,  It  is  equivalent  to  the 
old  J.  W.  Miller  #1460  but 
has  a  built-in  7:1  reduction, 
A  pointer  will  have  to  be 
made  for  it  from  a  piece  of 
clear  plastic.  You  can  scratch 
a  hairline  in  the  plastic  with  a 
sharp  instrument  and  fill  it  in 
with  a  red  ballpoint  pen.  A 
nylon  screw  insulator  with  a 
%"  hole  makes  a  good  hub 
for  the  pointer  and  will  slip 
right  over  the  outer  shaft  of 
the  variable  capacitor.  If  it's  a 
little  loose,  a  single  layer  of 
masking  tape  on  the  shaft  wilt 
snug  it  up. 

As  I  mentioned  before, 
knobs  are  the  big  problem, 
and  if  any  reader  has  a  solu- 
tion or  the  facilities  to  pro- 
duce some  5/1 6"  knobs  for 
1/8"  shafts,  please  let  me 
know. 

The  controls  themselves 
will  have  to  be  the  W*  or 
5/8'*  diameter  types  to  fit  the 
space  available.  There  are  a 
lot  of  these  around,  so  keep 
your  eyes  peeled  when  you 
read  the  ads.  A  dual  5k  pot  in 
this  category  is  another  story 
and  it's  not  likely  you'll  find 
one.  By  the  time  this  is  pub- 
lished, I  hope  to  have  some  of 
the  little  Clarostat  VS"  square 
Series  388  pots  in  a  dual  5k 
version  in  my  shoe  box* 
There  is  one  in  the  receiver 
pictured  but  it  is  not  visible. 

The  3  position  toggle 
switch  I  used  for  the  CW 
filter  mode  selector  is  an  Alco 
MST  205  PA.  This  switch 
makes  some  circuits  in  the 
center  position,  so  don't  try 
to  use  a  regular  DPDT  with  a 
center-off  position. 

Before  concluding  this 
section,  1  should  point  out 
that  there  is  no  reason  why 
the  receiver  couldn't  be  made 
slightly  larger  and  some  of 
the  problems  thereby  cured. 
The  receiver  as  it  stands  is  not 
the  most  convenient  instru- 
ment to  use  from  the  human 
engineering  standpoint.  I  car- 


" 


146 


JUMPER 

SLUG  ACCESS 

TO  100  pF 

COUPLING  CAP 

HOLE  AT 

+  IZV 

EACH  COIL 

TOP  9QARD 

JUMPER 

Hke2  SM 


TO  TOP 
BOARD 


GROUND 
JUMPER1 
TO  TOP 
BOARD 


FRONT    / 

TO  RF   PEAKING 
CAP    IF  USED 


JUMPER 
TO  BOTTOM 
ig      £5     BOARD 

MHi  MHz         <,     A      JOO 

I  1  J 


+  12 

(USE  ONE 
FOR  JUMPER) 

47>iF 


woo 


GND 
GROUND      JUMPER 
JUMPERFR0M  BELOW 
TO  TOP 
BOARD 


o'o  a   o  o      **>    S 

BAND  SW     o 
^  o  ©   a  o  ...    {      4^ 

t  \\\<r4 


FRONT 


GATE  JUMPER 
TO  TOP  BOARD 


GND 

JUMPER 
FROM    BELOW 


TO  500  pF 
CAP  FROM 
9ELQW 


JUMPER 
ANy     TO  OSC, 
GATE 


\T0    RF  PEAKiNG 
CAP  IF  USED 


Fig.  7.  Converter  bottom  board  PC  and  component  layout  (a)  and  top  board  (b).  Jumpers  are  explained  in  the  text. 


tainly  wouldn't  recommend  it 
as  a  station  receiver  unless 
you  had  very  small  hands  and 
very  thin  fingers,  On  a  short 
term  basis,  however,  such  as 
business  trips,  vacations,  or 
during  an  emergency,  its 
many  extra  features  would 
make  it  acceptable. 

Getting  It  To  Work 

The  best  way  to  tackle 
initial  alignment  is  to  get  the 
80m  section  working  first. 
This  means  that  PC-1  and 
PC-2  will  have  to  be  wired  up 
with  their  controls  and  inter- 
connections, I've  found  that 
the  easiest  way  is  to  just  lay  it 
out  on  the  bench  with 
nothing  actually  mounted. 
The  leads  going  to  the  con- 
trols can  be  cut  to  about  the 
right  length  for  cabinet 
mounting  and  should  require 
minimal  trimming  later. 
Besides  the  controls  and 
switches,  you'll  need  the  fol- 
lowing wiring: 

1 .  A  lead  to  pad  #6  on 


PC-1  for  the  antenna  or 
input 

2.  A  lead  from  pad  #1 
on  PC-1  to  pad  #9  on 
PC-2. 

3.  A  lead  from  pad  #2 
on  PC-1  to  pad  #8  on 
PC-2. 

4.  A  lead  from  pad  #7 
on  PC-1  to  pad  #18  on 
PC-2. 

5.  A  lead  from  +12  on 
PC-1  to +12  on  PC-2. 

6.  A  lead  from  +12  on 
PC-1  to  the  power  sup- 
ply, 

7.  A  lead  from  pad 
#17  on  PC-2  to  the 
speaker.  Later  the  lead 
will  go  to  the  phone 
jack. 

Pad  #4  on  PC-2  is  the 
positive  connection  for  the 
S-meter  if  you  wish  to  con- 
nect it  up  at  this  time.  The 


initial  settings  prior  to  firing 
up  are: 

1.  Set  all  trimmer  resis- 
tors on  PC-2  to  mid 
position. 

2.  Set  tuning  capacitor 
to  full  mesh  and  turn 
the  2  compression  trim- 
mers up  snug  but  not 
tight 

3.  Switch  blanker 
OFF,  rf  gain  to  maxi- 
mum, CW  filter  OFF, 
detector  to  SSB/CW, 
BFO  at  mid  position, 
and  audio  gain  to  suit 

4.  Tie  all  grounds  to- 
gether with  short  clip 
leads. 

5.  Fire  up. 

If  no  smoke  is  seen,  the 
first  thing  to  do  is  get  the 
BFO  on  frequency.  If  you 
slowly  run  the  slug  in  the 
BFO  transformer  out  towards 
the  top,  you  should  hear 
some  noise  when  you  hit  455 
kHz.  Adjust  the  slug  for  zero 
beat  which  will  be  the  dead 
zone  between  noise  peaks  as 


you  pass  through  the  i-f  fre- 
quency. The  BFO  control 
should  then  vary  the  BFO 
frequency  as  indicated  by 
noise  buildup  on  either  side 
of  zero.  The  action  won't  be 
linear,  but  don't  worry  about 
it. 

The  next  thing  is  to  get 
the  VFO  running  at  about  3 
MHz.  I  use  a  scope,  but  if  you 
don't  have  one,  use  a  counter, 
a  general  coverage  receiver,  or 
brute  force.  This  latter  means 
feeding  a  hefty  signal  in  at 
3.5  MHz  and  adjusting  the 
slug  in  the  VFO  tank  until  a 
signal  is  heard.  Once  the  VFO 
has  been  set  by  one  of  these 
means  for  the  low  end  of  the 
band,  feed  in  a  barely  detec- 
table signal  at  3.5  MHz  and 
peak  T1  and  T2  on  PC-T .  At 
this  time  you  know  the  re- 
ceiver is  working  and  the 
AGC  should  be  set. 

Leave  the  rf  gain  at  maxi- 
mum and  remove  the  signal 
generator,  Turn  R3  all  the 
way  towards  ground.  With  a 


147 


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RgL  A  Power  supply  PC  board  and  component  layout. 


scope  or  high  impedance 
meter  connected  to  the  top 
end  of  the  rf  gain  control, 

adjust  R4  till  a  reading  of  5 
volts  dc  or  slightly  less  is 
indicated.  Advance  R3  about 
one  third  of  its  total  travel 
and  you  should  be  in 
business.  R3  sets  the  AGC 
threshold  and  can  be  ad- 
vanced or  retarded  to  suit 
your  idea  of  how  tight  you'd 
like  the  action  to  be. 

Now  you  can  go  back  to 
aligning  the  front  end.  T1  and 
T2  should  be  peaked  at  the 
low  end  and  the  2  com- 
pression   trimmers    used    to 


peak  the  high  end  at  4.0 
MHz.  Several  trips  up  and 
back  will  be  required  before 
everything  tracks  properly.  A 
final  adjustment  of  the  VFO 
frequency  should  also  be 
made  to  center  up  the  band 
within  the  full  swing  of  the 
tuning  capacitor. 

The  2  i-f  transformers  on 
PCI  tune  rather  broadly,  but 
you  can  run  the  cores 
through  their  travel  once  to 
get  the  best  setting, 

The  remaining  trimmers 
on  PC-2  can  be  adjusted  next. 
Turn  the  rf  gain  to  minimum 
and  set  R2  for  zero  S-meter 


reading.  Later  on  when 
you're  listening  to  some 
strong  signals,  you  can  adjust 
the  meter  sensitivity  with  R"L 
R5  is  most  easily  adjusted  by 
using  a  steady  signal  from  a 
signal  generator;  Adjust  for  a 
note  falling  just  inside  the 
high  end  of  the  CW  filter 
tuning  range  and  with  the 
filter  in  circuit,  peak  the 
response  with  the  dual  tuning 
pot  and  then  repeak  with  R5. 
Repeat  a  few  times  to  make 
sure  you're  as  close  as  possi- 
ble. 

The  last  thing  to  check  out 
is    the    voltage    level    at    the 


PC2 


500K 

LIN 


LIN 


AGC   T/C 


pf  aim 


W  i 


PC  i 


iQOu 


»ie 


wnLTt*   n*eq 


10  * 


BFO  TUNF 


PC  2 


&  Hi 


SS8/CW 
I 


SP3T 


DCT 


AF  CAiN 


OUT         lttU  Si£»r 

CW  FiLTCT 


Fig.  9.  Pictorial  wiring  diagram  of  front  panel  controls. 


drain  of  the  pulse  amplifier  in 
the  noise  blanker  circuit. 
With  the  blanker  ON,  the 
level  should  be  about  5  volts 
for  best  action.  The  1k 
temporary  resistor  may  or 
may  not  be  the  right  value. 
Lowering  the  resistance  raises 
the  voltage  and  vice  versa, 
When  you've  arrived  at  the 
proper  value  you  can  make  a 
permanent  installation. 

Now  you're  ready  to  tie  in 
the  converter,  Switch  the 
input  lead  to  PC  1  over  to  the 
converter  output,  and  the 
antenna  to  the  converter 
input.  Run  a  lead  from  the 
+12  pad  on  top  of  the  con- 
verter to  a  +12  pad  on  PC-L 
Oip  the  converter  ground  to 
the  rest  of  the  grounds, 

With  the  bandswitch  in  the 
80m  position,  make  sure 
everything  is  still  working.  If 
so,  the  next  step  is  to  get  all 
the  crystal  oscillator  circuits 
started.  I  usually  use  a  scope 
to  observe  the  crystal  oscil- 
lator output,  but  a  hit  and 
miss  technique  will  work, 
too.  If  a  band  h  dead  at  a 
time  when  there  should  be 
signals  present,  turn  the  trim- 
mer for  that  oscillator  lank  a 
bit  at  a  time  until  you  start 
hearing  signals.  For  dead 
bands  youll  have  to  rely  on  a 
signal  generator*  LI  and  L2 
for  each  band  can  be  stagger- 
tuned  for  best  overall 
response  across  a  given  band, 
or  a  small  2 -gang  variable  can 
be  used  for  continuous  peak- 
ing. There  is  a  pad  on  each 
converter  board  for  con- 
necting to  the  capacitor. 
Don't  forget  to  ground  the 
common  rotor  connection. 

There  is  a  possibility  of 
oscillation  occurring  in  the  rf 
amplifier  stage  of  the  con- 
verter. The  receiver  shown  in 
the  photos  had  this  problem 
on  40m  and  required  the 
addition  of  a  12k  resistor 
across  the  secondary  of  L1  on 
that  band.  The  resistor  was 
soldered  directly  to  the  pins 
on  the  base  of  the  coil  form. 
If  similar  problems  come  up 
in  your  receiver,  apply  the 
same  remedy  using  the  largest 
value  of  resistor  that  cures 
the  trouble.  Make  no  evalua- 
tion,   however,    until    every- 


148 


PEAK 


MINICOM 


BAND 


35 


MK 


1      1 

*LONG 

GAIN 

■+• 

+ 

+                       ■+■ 

AQC     T    C 

RF                   A  F 

BINKR, 

FREQ 

i^N 

# 

-•- 

*■ 

on 

►8  5                     /    / 

f                                   1            1 

THRESH 

CW  FILTER 

BFO 

1                       /     / 

•ssbcw 

* 

+ 

* 

+- 

* 

arn 

HC 

TUNE 

DET. 

*  MED.* 
OUT     SHARP 

PHONES 

Fig.  10.  Front  panel  layout  for  the  Radio  Shack  cabinet 


thing  fs  mounted  and  wired  in 
its  final  form. 

Conclusion 

The  MK  IV  was  fun  to 
build  and  operate.  The 
biggest  improvement  to  me 
was  the  CW  filter.  It  really 
peaks  up  a  signal  buried  in  a 
pile  of  2  or  3  others,  Inciden- 
tal! yl  the  4  mylar  capacitors 
used  in  this  circuit  should  be 
matched  as  closely  as  possible 


so  that  the  2  sections  track 
fairly  welL 

The  noise  blanker  has  also 
proven  to  be  a  big  blessing  at 
times.  On  many  occasions  it 
has  made  unreadable  signals 
perfect  copy. 

One  final  point  before 
concluding  might  be  worth 
mentioning.  As  I  noted 
earlier,  the  BFO  tuning  is  not 
linear  due  to  diode  charac- 
teristics, so  you  may  want  to 


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shift  the  zero  beat  point 
down  towards  the  low  resis- 
tance  end  of  the  poL   The 

knob  can  be  offset  so  that  the 
pointer  is  straight  up  at  zero 

beat. 

Using  a  generator  with 
crystal  checkpoints  or  some 
other  accurate  signal  source, 
mark  the  calibration  points 
on  the  dial  scale  and  fill  In 
the  numbers  with  transfer 
lettering.  Voila!   It  is  done.  ■ 


References 

1.  Ray  Megirian  K4DHC,  "Using 
The  LM-373,"  73f  April,  1972, 
page  37. 

2.  Ray  Megirian  K4DHC,  "Minia- 
turized Communications  Re- 
ceiver/' Ham  Radio,  September, 
1974,  page  24, 

3.  Ray  Megirian  K4DHC,  "Solid 
State  Communications  Re- 
ceivers/' Ham  Radio,  April,  1976, 
page  18, 

4.  Charles  B>  Andes  WB2VXR, 
"Threshold  Detectors  in  a  CW 
Audio  Filter/'  QSTt  December, 
1971,  page  20. 


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149 


John  Skuhick  KSANG 
1040  Meadowbrook 
Warren  OH  44484 


Those  Illegal  CB  Channels 

-  -  and  the  tens  of  thousands  using  them 


Yes,  believe  it  or  not, 
there  are  some  signifi- 
cant differences  between  the 
CB  sidebanders  and  the 
AMers.  Such  as  local  on-the- 
air  conduct.  On  CB  AM  it  is 
common  to  hear  something 
like:  **Howaboutcha, 
Ratchetjaw?  We're  a-lookin1 
fer  that  Ratchet-jaw,  one 
more  time!"  The  CB  side- 
banders  usually  talk  in  ham* 
type  monologues.  During 
round  table  (net)  discussions, 
the  monologmg  per  person  is 
shorter.  But  not  always! 
Sound  familiar?  They  talk 
about  technical  radio  sub- 
jects, if  not  about  their  own 
rigs*  Sound  familiar?  When 
the  skip  is  in,  a  lot  of  them 
"let  their  hair  down"  and  get 
a  bit  excited,  and  their  con- 
duct deteriorates,  depending 
upon  the  individual.  Sort  of 
like  our  weekend  contests! 

Fancy  handles  such  as 
"Jailbird,"  "Sneaky-Snake," 
and  "Buckeye-Badboy"  are 
not  condoned.  Any  new- 
comers to  sideband  who  bring 
fancy  handles  along  with 
them  are  soon  told  about  it, 
either  politely  —  or  in  no 
uncertain  terms!  The  side- 
banders  give  their  first  names 
or  nicknames,  such  as 
"John,"  "Mike,"  "Carol," 
and  "Dave."  There  is  also  a 
tendency  to  refrain  from 
excessive  tens-code  use.  Per- 
sonally, "1<M"  and  "Roger" 
sound  no  more  weird  than 
our  use  of  "fine  business." 

Some  of  our  "ham  codes" 
are  used  the  same  way, 
some  differently.  They  use 
QSO,    QTH,    and    XYL,   for 


example,  verbally  the  same. 
However,  QRX  and  QRT  are 
used  together:  "We'll  pass 
along  our  73  to  you  fellows; 
we're  going  to  QRX  and 
QRT."  Yes,  the  sidebanders 
usually  "73"  instead  of 
"seventy-thirds"  or  "Threes 
to  ya,  Guy!" 

The  term  "CQ"  isn't  gen- 
erally used,  except  a  little  by 
a  few  during  skip  conditions. 
Those  who  use  it,  use  it  as  we 
do  or  some  use  It  in  place  of 
the  term  "break/1  to  catch 
the  attention  of  skip  QSOs 
already  in  progress.  The  latter 
does  sound  weird  from  a 
ham's  point  of  view.  Try  to 
imagine  suddenly  hearing 
"CQ-CQ-CQ"  from  a  third 
party  in  between  trans- 
missions! 

Illegalities 

Yes,  CQing  in  any  matter 
on  the  Citizens  Band  is  an 
FCC  no-no.  So  is  working 
skip.  Not  to  mention  general 
"ragchewrng."  That's  just  the 
beginning! 

Ever  hear  of  a  Siltronix 
1011?  Well,  for  about  650 
bucks,  this  transceiver  (that 
bears  a  remarkable  likeness  to 
Swan's*  rigs)  will  vfo  you, 
not  only  on  ail  legal  23  class 
D  channels,  but  also  in 
between,  below  and  well 
above  them!  And  it  will  do  all 


M  am  not  imply ing  that  Swan! 
of  Swan  Electronics,  Oceanside, 
California,  is  producing  iUegally- 
used,  non  type-accepted  CB  rigs, 
being  marketed  under  a  different 
name.  (S/fTrontx  and  Swan  are 
both  part  of  Cubic  Corp.  —  Ed. 
note} 


this  with  100  to  150  Watts 
output,  depending  on  how 
hard  the  finals  are  blasted? 
Not  bad,  'eh? 

Do  these  rigs  sound 
familiar:  Kenwood  TS-520, 
Heath  HW-101,  Tempo  One, 
Drake's  T4X  and  TR4,  and 
Yaesu  FT- 101?  All  of  these 
arc  very  popular  with  the  CB 
sidebanders.  Often  these  rigs 
are  featured  as  first  prizes  at 
CB  gatherings,  such  as  jam- 
borees! These  rigs  are  easily 
modified  to  cover  eleven 
meters  (the  ones  without  11 
meter  bandswitch  position}. 
The  "10  A"  crystal,  or  its 
equivalent,  is  replaced  with 
one  suitable  to  tune  "all 
around'1  the  CB  channels. 

Maybe  we  hams  are 
missing  out  on  something 
here.  Do  we  need  more 
elbow  room  on  20  phone?  Is 
"75"  getting  a  bit  too 
crowded  now,  with  the 
foreign  broadcasters  moving 
in?  Forty  meters?  And,  just 
think,  we  can  all  use  that  new 
proposed  10  MH/  band  right 
now!!!  OK  fellows  —  I  was 
only  kidding.  Besides,  it 
would  only  mess  up  our  QSL 
system,  because  we  would 
have  to  resort  to  phony  call- 
signs  (usually  assigned  by  a 
regional  club)  and  central 
P.O.  boxes. 

Many  CB  sidebanders  start 
out  with  regulation  FCC, 
DOC  type  accepted  radios. 
However,  the  "urge-to-slide 
(vfo)"  becomes  irresisuble. 
Perhaps  the  chief  reason  is  to 
escape  from  the  AM  crowd. 
Channel  16  is  the  unofficial 
sideband-only"     slot,     but 


things  get  kind  of  crowded 
here,  and  the  other  twenty- 
two  channels  in  the  metropol- 
itan areas  arc  smothered  with 
AMers.  Often  "16"  gets 
AMed  also.  So  where  do  they 
go?  And,  how  do  they  do  it? 
Well,  one  way  is  those  ham 
or  equivalent  type  rigs  I  men- 
tioned earlier.  However,  using 
existing  gear  is  sometimes 
more  expedient.  The  owners 
of  older  Hy-Gain  CB  sets 
merely  purchase  the 
accessory,  type-accepted, 
receiving  vfo,  and  plug  it  into 
the  vfo  socket  un  the  rear 
panel.  Then,  by  snipping 
"that  famous  yellow  wire" 
inside  the  vfo,  a  relay  is 
disabled  and  your  set  can 
slide  around  from  a  little 
below  channel  one  clear  up  to 
27.430  MHz,  on  both  receive 
and  transmit!  See  F7ig.  1. 
Many  "friendly  dealers" 
would  kindly  snip  that  wire 
for  you.  Other  brands  of  CB 
sets  that  use  a  38  MHz  output 
synthesizer  are  easily  adapted 
to  the  Hy-Gain  vfo.  I  quole 
from  part  of  Hy-Gain 's  vfo 
ad:  *\  . .  and  tune  in  ALL  the 
action!" 

Another  way  to  "tunc  in 
all  the  action"  is  to  install 
one  of  the  other  commercial 
vfos  made  by  such  companies 
as  Siltronix  {remember 
them?)  and  PAL.  They  have 
outputs  comparable  to  one  of 
the  crystal  oscillators  in  the 
synthesizer.  All  you  have  to 
do  is  pull  out  one  of  the 
crystals  and  run  in  the  vfo 
tine.  The  AMers  do  all  of  this 
vfo  stuff  also,  but  the  side- 
banders seem  to  do  as  much 
or  more  of  it,  percentagewise, 
A  popular  method  is  to 
slightly  modify  one  of  the 
synthesizer  oscillators  by 
installing  a  slug-tuned  coil, 
such  as  a  Miller  4204  in  series 
with  the  crystal  switch  and 
transistor  base  lead*  Tuning 
the  slug  will  easily  get  you  10 
kHz  lower  in  channel  fre- 
quency. 27.145  is  very  pop- 
ular on  sideband.  See  Fig.  1. 

Some  Surprises 

Would  you  believe  that  the 
vast  majority  of  all  those  ham 
rigs  I  mentioned  are  not  ille- 
gally used  on  our  own  bands? 


150 


Most  of  the  CB  operators 
have  only  an  eleven  meter 
beam,  (Many  of  these  are  60 
to  100 feet  high!  Legal  height 
for  beam-type  antennas  is  20 
feet,  and  60  feet  For  omni- 
directional.) 

Quite  a  few  CB  side- 
banders:  A)  are  considering, 
B)  are  studying,  or  C)  have 
taken  the  amateur  exams. 
This  is  almost  nil  with  the 
AMers. 

You  may  find  this  hard  to 
believe,  but  it  seems  that 
those  who  become  hams  will 
operate  legally  in  the  amateur 
bands.  I  guess  our  own  peer 
group  won't  put  up  with  too 
much  illegal  operation. 

It's  interesting  to  note  that 
many  CB  AMers  who  have 
listened  to  two  meter  FM 
liked  it.  However,  many  CB 
sidebanders  didn't  care  for  it 
because  (quote),  "It  sounded 
a  little  like  AM  CBT  Dam 
little,  I  might  add! 

More  Surprises 

There  are  a  lot  of  licensed 
amateur  radio  operators  using 
CB  sideband.  Many  use  it  as 
personal  communications  to 
,fhome  base"  and  such,  com- 
plete with  FCC  callsigns  and 
legal  rigs.  A  few  find  it  fun  to 
"join  the  crowd"  -  if  you 
know  what  I  mean!  Hrn-m-m. 
Did  H2"  or  "75"  0M  Coring? 

CB  sideband  has  many 
regional  and  state-wide  clubs. 
Their  original  intent  was  and 
for  the  most  part  still  is 
(quote),  "To  keep  (CB)  side- 
band from  becoming  another 
mess  like  (CB)  AM!"  It's  too 
bad  that  most  of  them  didn't 
also   try   to   uphold  entirely 


legal  operation  in  terms  of 
using  FCC  callsigns,  unmod- 
ified type-accepted  radios, 
and  limited  ragchewing, 
because  I  believe  that  as 
unified  groups  they  had  the 
potential  power  to  speed  up 
the  pending  extra  "side- 
band-only" channels  legisla- 
tion, etc.  As  it  now  stands,  I 
think  they  would  only  get  the 
cold-shoulder  treatment,  due 
to  the  Illegal  operations  by 
their  members. 

.  #  r  And  More  Opinions 

From  my  own  observa- 
tions and  very  rough  head- 
count,  I  will  venture  to  say 
that  less  than  one  percent  of 
the  AM  CBers  use  or  have 
possession  of  illegal,  high 
power  gear.  The  CB  side- 
banders,  however,  I  suspect 
are  up  to  40  percent  with 
high  power  equipment, 
mostly  from  base  stations. 

While  looking  at  the  ham 
gear  ads  (by  dealers,  not  the 
manufacturers)  in  the 
Citizens  Band  publications 
and  club  newsletters,  and 
listening  to  all  of  those  same 
rigs  in  use  "all  over"  eleven 
meters,  I  get  the  distinct 
impression  that  we  hams 
comprise  only  about  50  per* 
cent  of  total  amateur  radio 
type  gear  sales  here  in  North 
America! 

As  it  stands,  I  believe  that 
there  is  absolutely  no  need 
for  a  code-free  Communica- 
tor Class  amateur  radio 
license,  Because  it's  already 
here  on  eleven  meters  —  clear 
up  to  28  MHz!  In  fact,  it's 
here  in  two  stages:  1)  Basic 
Communicator,  starting  with 


Legal  Class  D 
Channels 
1  thru  23 


1 
2 
3 


26.965 
26,975 
26.935 


4 

27.005 

5 

27.015 

6 

27.025 

7 

27.035 

3 

27+055 

a 

27,065 

10 

27.075 

ii 

27.085 

12 

27.105 

13 

27J15 

14 

27.125 

15 

27.135 

Illegal  'Channels" 


Mostly  AM 


'Shared/'  AM  and  SSB 


Popular  SSB 


'16 
17 
13 
19 

20 
21 
22 


23 


SSB.  almost  100% 


27.155 
27.165 

27.175 
27,185 

27.205 
27.215 

27.225 


SSB,  some  AM 


ZZJ 


Popular  AM 


27.255 


AM.  SSB 


27.3 


SSB.  some  AM 


27,4 


Mostly  SSB 


27.5 


This  little  used 
segment,  mostly  SSB 


28. 0 


Fig.  I.  Actual  composite  Citizens  Band. 


AM  CB,  and  essentially 
cheaper  radios;  2}  Advanced 
Communicator,  or  sideband 
CBr  for  those  who  get  tired  of 
infantile  type  of  operations, 


and  can  afford  the  higher 
priced  gear.  As  I  stated 
earlier,  it's  mostly  the  side- 
band CBers  who  move  up  to 
an  amateur  radio  license,  ■ 


From  the  articles  on 
counter  construction  I 
have  seen,  it  appears  that  a 
feature  of  the  7446,  7447 
and  7448  decoders  has  been 
overlooked. 

These  little  gems,  along 
with  their  uncanny  ability  to 
make  numbers  out  of  pulses, 
have  the  added  capacity  to 
automatically  suppress 
leading  zeros* 

Pin  5  on  one  of  these 
items,  when  grounded, 
suppresses  the  zero.  Pin  4, 
normally  high,  becomes  low 


teading  Zero 


W.  R.  Kappele  W6AVL 
3030  Qc&mside  Blvd.  #7 
Oceanside  CA  92054 


Suppression 


when  the  zero  is  present  and 

suppressed.  Therefore,  in 
order  to  suppress  all  leading 
zeros,  one  grounds  pin  5  on 
the  highest  decade,  connects 
pin  4  to  pin  5  of  the  next 
decade  and  so  on,  leaving  the 
last  decade  open. 


Now,  when  a  zero  is 
presented  to  the  highest 
decade,  it  is  blanked.  Pin  4 
goes  low,  arming  the  second 
highest  decade,  whose  pin  5 
goes  blank  when  a  zero  is 
presented  there. 

When     any    number    but 


zero  is  presented  on  any 
decade,  the  zero  suppression 
on  all  lower  decades  is 
automatically  lifted.  Since 
about  the  only  thing  we  are 
allowed  to  suppress  any  more 
is  zeros,  let's  get  up  to  date 
and  do  it,  ■ 


151 


Social  E/ents 


GRAND  RAPIDS  Ml 
APR  2 
The  Third  Annual  Swap  and  Shop 
will  be  held  at  the  Northeast  Jr.  High 
School,  1400  Fuller  Ave.,  N.E.,  Grand 
Rapids,  Michigan,  on  Saturday,  April 
2  from  9  am  to  5  pm  in  the  cafeteria 
Featured  will  be:  C8s,  monitors,  ham 
equipment  and  electronic  parts.  For 
further  information  contact  Grand 
Rapids  React  at  the  above  address. 

FRAMINGHAM  MA 
APRIL  2 

The  Framingham  Radio  Club  will 
be  holding  an  Electronic  Flea  Market 
on  April  2,  1977  at  the  Framingham 
Civic  League  building,  2  miles  south 
of  Rt,  9  on  Rt,  126,  The  doors  will  be 
open  from  8:30  until  12:30  with  a  Si 
admission  fee.  For  advance  indoor 
table  reservation  send  $5  to  W.  R, 
Armstrong,  386  Howard  Street, 
Northboro  MAGI  532. 

COLUMBUS  GA 

APR  2-3 

The  Columbus,  Georgia  Ham  test 
will  be  held  April  2  and  3r  Palm 
Sunday  weekend,  at  the  Fine  Arts 
Building  at  Fairgrounds,  9  am  to  4  pm 
daily.  Flea  market,  ham  auction,  prize 
drawing  at  1  30  pm  Sunday,  talk  in 
28/88,  3975  kHir  buffet  dinner  Sat 
at  8  pm.  For  more  information  write 
K4JNL  Advance  tickets:  K3MTY/4, 
Rt  5r  Box  750,  Phenix  City  AL 
36867 

TOWSOM  MD 
APR  3 

The  Greater  Baltimore  Hamboree 
will  be  held  Sunday,  April  3rd  at  9  am 
at  Calvert  Hall  College,  Goucher  Blvd. 
and  La  Salle  Rd„  Towson  MD  21204 
(1  mile  south  of  Exit  28,  Beltway 
Interstate  695L  Food  service,  prizes, 
giant  flea  market.  Admission  charge 
S2  225  cables  inside  gym.  Over  1700 
attended  test  vearT  Information  and 
table  reservation:  Contact  Bro.  Gerald 
Ma  I  seed  VV3WVC  at  school  address  or 
call  301  82S4266, 

ST.  CLAIR  SHORES  Ml 
APR  3 
The  South  Eastern  Michigan  Ama 
teur  Radio  Association  is  holding  its 
Nineteenth  Annual  Hamfest  on  April 
3,  1977  from  8  am  EST  to  3  pm  EST, 
It  will  be  held  at  the  South  Lake  High 
School  in  St.  Clair  Shores,  Michigan, 
21900    Nine    Mile    Road   and    Mack 
Avenue.  For  further  information  eon 
tact  Dorothy  Spilski  WB8PRJ,  Secre 
tary     S,E.MA.R.A..     11906     Riad 
Avenue,     Detroit,    Michigan    48224, 
313-521  6646. 

CANBERRA 
AUSTRALIA 
APR  8  11 
The    ACT    Division    of    the    WIA 
would  like  to  announce  that  the  Can- 
berra Easter  Convention  will  be  held 
April    8-11    in    Canberra,    Australia. 
There    will    be    plenty   of   time    for 


sightseeing  embassies,  the  lake,  the 
Captain  Cook  Memorial  Water  Jet, 
etc.  For  more  information  contact: 
Canberra  Easter  Convention,  Post 
Office  Sox  E33B,  Canberra,  ACT, 
2600. 

RALEIGH  NC 
APR  16-17 

The  fifth  annual  Raleigh  Amateur 
Radio  Society  Hamfest  will  be  held 
April  16-17  at  the  Crab  tree  Valley 
Shopping  Center,  lower  level  rear,  on 
highway  70W.  FCC  exams  will  start  at 
12:30  pm,  Saturday  sharp,  by  ap- 
pointment only  through  the  Norfolk 
FCC  district  office.  There  will  be  an 
eyeball  social  and  doorprizes  Saturday 
night  between  7  pm  and  12  pm.  An 
expanded  covered  flea  market,  meet- 
ings, ladies  program,  and  over  100 
prize  awards  on  Sunday  from  9  am 
to  3  pm.  For  additional  info  contact 
RARS  Hamfest,  P.O.  Box  17124, 
Raleigh,  NC  27609. 

MOBILE  AL 
APR  16-17 

The  Mobile  Amateur  Radio  Club 
will  hold  its  annual  Ham  Fest  and 
Computer  Fest  on  April  16  and  17th 
—  all  the  newest  equipment  on 
display,  computers  too.  Swap  &  Shop 
all  day  Saturday  from  9  to  5,  banquet 
at  7  pm,  doors  open  Sunday  at  9  am, 
prizes,  drawing  at  1  pm.  Activities  for 
the  ladies  and  children,  campsites 
available,  over  1500  people  expected, 
the  biggest  Fest  on  the  Gulf  Coast. 
For  more  information  contact  Marvin 
Uphaus  K4BVG,  512  Tuttle  Avenue, 
Mobile  A L  36604. 

LIBERTY  MO 
APR  23-24 

The  P,H.D.  Amateur  Radio  Assn,, 
Inc.,  of  Liberty  MO  (Kansas  City  area} 
will  sponsor  the  Eighth  Annual  North- 
west Missouri  Hamfest  on  Saturday 
and  Sunday,  April  23  and  24,  1977  at 
the  Kansas  City  Trade  Mart,  Exhibit 
Hall  2  (Municipal  Airport  terminal 
building} ,  There  will  be  a  complete 
program  of  forums  both  days,  a  large 
number  of  commercial  exhibits,  swap 
tables,  YL-XYL  program.  Doors  open 
from  noon  to  6  pm  on  Saturday.  April 
23,  and  from  9  am  to  5  pm  on 
Sunday,  April  24.  Setup  time  for 
commercial  and  swappers  will  be  from 
10  am  to  noon  on  Saturday.  There 
will  be  a  Saturday  night  banquet  at 
the  world  famous  Gold  Buffet,  with 
ARRL  president  Harry  Dannals 
W2HD,  as  guest  speaker.  Pre-registra 
tion  is  S2,  admission  at  the  door  will 
be  S2.5Q,  Pre- registration  including 
banquet  is  SB.  Talk-in  on  146,347.94 
and  3  925  MHz.  For  information  and 
pre- resist  rat  ion  write  to:  PHD  Ama^ 
teur  Radio  Assn-,  PO  Box  1.1,  Liberty 
MO  64068. 

GREENVILLE  SC 
APRIL  24 

The  Blue  Ridge  Radio  Society  of 
Greenville    SC   announces   its   annual 


hamfest  for  1977.  The  event  will  take 
place  April  24th  at  the  Thunder  bird 
Motel  on  Highway  291  tn  Greenville. 
A  flea  market  and  dealer's  display  area 
will  be  featured  at  the  motel.  Doors 
open  at  Bam. 

SULLIVAN  IL 
APR  24 

The  Moultrie  Amateur  Radio  Klub 
will  have  its  16th  Annual  Hamfest 
Sunday.  April  24th  at  Wyman  Park, 
Sullivan,  Illinois.  Heated  indoor  area 
and  large  outdoor  parking  area.  No 
charge  to  vendors.  For  information 
write:  MARK  Radio  Klub.  PO  Box 
327,  Mattoon  IL  61938.  Talk  in 
146,94. 

AMBOYIL 
APR  24 

The  Rock  River  Radio  Club  Ham- 
fest will  be  held  April  24,  1977  at 
Amboy,  Illinois  (Lee  County),  at  the 
4H  Center,  Routes  30  and  52.  Same 
place  as  last  year.  Tickets  $1.00  ad- 
vance. $2.00  at  gate.  Camper  parking 
available  at  a  nominal  fee.  Write;  Carl 
Karlson  W9ECF,  Nachusa  IL  61057. 
Indoor  and  outdoor  facilities. 

LAS  CRUCES  NM 
APR  24 

The  Mesilia  Valley  Radio  Club 
sponsors  Whttey's  Bean  Feed  and 
Swap- Fest  Sunday,  April  24th,  at  10 
am.  Located  near  Las  Cruces,  New 
Mexico  at  La  Mesa  with  talk- ins  on 
16-76,  04-64  and  3940  kHz.  Fun  for 
all  the  family  with  big  prizes,  plenty 
of  food  and  the  usual  beverage  truck. 
All  included  for  S5.00  for  adults, 
51,75  for  kids  Eat.  drink  and  win  a 
prize  with  Whitey  K5ECQ  as  host. 
Free  overnight  parking  at  grounds  so 
come  for  a  spell.  A] I  correspondence 
should  be  made  to:  Thomas  B. 
Rapkock  Jr„  640  W>  Las  Cruces 
Avenue,  Las  Cruces  NM  8800 1. 

DAYTON  OH 
APR  29 

The  8th  Annual  FM  B'A'S'H  will 
be  held  on  the  Friday  night  of  Dayton 
Hamvention,  April  29,  1977,  at  the 
Dayton  Biltrnore  Towers  (hotel),  Main 
at  First  Streets^  from  8  pm  til  mid- 
night. Admission  is  free  to  all  hams 
and  their  friends.  Sandwiches,  bev 
erages,  snacks  and  CXXD.  bar  will  be 
available.  A  live  floor  show  will  be 
presented  by  TV  personality  Rob 
Reider  WA8GFF  and  his  group.  It  will 
be  followed  at  11  pm  by  a  fabulous 
prize  drawing  featuring  an  I  com 
IC-245  and  many  others.  See  you 
where  the  action  is! 

BROWNFIELD  TX 
MAY1 

The  Brownfield  Amateur  Radio 
Club  will  hold  a  Swapfest  on  Sunday. 
May  1,  1977,  in  Brownfield,  Texas, 

WESTTRENTONNJ 
MAY  1 

The  annual  Delaware  Valley  Radio 
Association  (W2ZQ/WR2ADE)  flea 
market  and  auction  will  be  held  on 
Sunday,  May  1,  1977,  9  am  rain  or 
shine  at  the  Villa  Victoria  Academy  in 
West  Trenton,  New  Jersey  (the  school 
is  located  adjacent  to  Rt.  29  near  the 


junction  of  Rt.  29  and  I-9S).  Talk-in 
on  07/67  and  146,52,  Refreshments 
are  available,  Advance  registration 
Si  .00;  $1,50  at  gate.  For  additional 
information  or  tickets  write:  DVRA, 
PO  Box  7024,  West  Trenton  NJ 
08628.  SASE  please. 

FRESNO  CA 
MAY  6-8 

The  Annual  Fresno  Amateur  Radio 
Club  Hamfest  will  be  held  this  year  at 
the  Airport  Holiday  Inn  on  May  6  and 
8,  1977.  For  more  information  write 
Fresno  Amateur  Radio  Club,  Inc., 
4788  N.  Safford,  Fresno  CA  93704. 

MEADVILLEPA 
MAY  7 

The  Third  Annual  Northwestern 
Pennsylvania  Hamfest  will  be  held 
May  7  at  Crawford  County  Fair- 
grounds, Meadville  PA,  Free  admis- 
sion. Flea  market  begins  at  10  am.  $2 
to  display  —  hourly  door  prizes  — 
refreshments  —  commercial  displays 
welcome.  Indoors  if  rain.  Talk-in 
146.04/64  and  146.52.  Details 
C.A.R.5.,  PO  Box  653,  Meadville  PA 
1 6335- 

SUPERIOR  Wl 
MAY  7 

The  Twin  Ports  Two  Meter  Club 
will  hold  its  Second  Annual  Swapfest 
on  Saturday,  May  7,  1977,  in  the  hall 
of  the  Duluth  First  Methodist  Church 
from  11  am  to  3  pm,  P re  registration 
and  door  prizes  will  be  awarded. 
Admission  is  Si. 00  tn  advance  and 
Si. 25  at  the  door.  Selling  space  is 
SI. 50  additional  -  SI .00  with  your 
own  table.  Food  available  on  the 
premises.  Plenty  of  parking.  Talk- in 
on  34/94.  For  flyers  and /or  tickets, 
contact  Twin  Ports  Two  Meter  Club, 
c/o  Libby  Welsh  WB9MLN,  525 
Homecraft  Court,  Superior,  Wisconsin 
54880, 

BINGHAMTON  NY 
MAY  7 

The  18th  Annual  STARC  Hamfest 
will  be  held  Saturday,  May  7.  1977  at 
Bingham  ton,  New  York.  Take  exit 
71 N  from  NY- 17.  §0  3,8  miles  north 
on  Stella- Ireland  Road.  Flea  market, 
tech  talks,  hourly  door  prizes.  General 
admission  $2,00/person.  Banquet  by 
pre  reservation  at  $6. 00 /per  son 
Indoor  exhibit  space  by  ore-registra- 
tion at  S5.00  per  table.  Outdoor 
exhibit  flea  market  space  free.  Talk- in 
146.22/B2  and  94/94,  For  details  and 
reservations,  contact  STARC,  PO  Box 
11.  EndicottNY  13760, 

HERNDOM  VA 
MAY? 

The  Potomac  Area  VHF  Society 
will  hold  its  sixth  annual  hamfest  on 
Saturday.  May  7,  1977,  from  Sam  to 
5  pm  at  Frying  Pan  Park  on  West  Ox 
Road  in  Herndon,  Virginia,  which  is 
approximately  15  miles  west  of  Wash 
ington  DC.  Registration  of  $3  Includes 
flea  market  or  tail  gate  sales,  Profes- 
sional food  and  beverage  catering  and 
unlimited  parking  will  be  available. 
Talk-in  on  146,52  and  31.-91.  repeat- 
er. This  is  the  hamfest  formerly  held 
in  Westminster  MO,  but  moved  to 
Virginia  because  of  the  recently  en 


152 


acted  Maryland  traders  law.  For  fur- 
ther information  contact  K3DUA  or 
WA3NZL 

BIRMINGHAM  AL 
MAY7-B 

The  Birminghamfest  Amateur 
Radio  Convention  will  be  held  May  7 
and  8,  1977  at  the  Alabama  State 
Fairgrounds,  Birmingham  and 
Rode  way  Inn,  Oxmoor  at  1-65  and 
Ox  moor  Road.  One  of  the  country's 
largest  flea  markets,  technical  and 
operating  forums,  huge  prize  drawfng, 
manufacturers'  and  distributors"  dis- 
plays, ladies'  and  children's  activities. 
Booth  display  area  will  be  offered  free 
of  charge  to  bona  fide  distributors, 
manufacturers,  publishers,  etc.,  on  a 
first-come r  first- served  basis.  Others 
may  rent  space  in  inside  or  outside 
flea  market  areas  at  a  small  charge.  Mo 
admission  charge.  Prize  ticket  dona- 
tions -  SI,  Talk-in  34/94,  3965  kHz. 
For  booth  display  space,  information, 
and  reservations,  write:  B'trming- 
hamfest,  PO  Box  603,  Birmingham 
AL  35201. 

WARMINSTER  PA 
MAY  IS 

The  Warmmster  Amateur  Radio 
Dub's  "HAMMART,"  Flea  Market 
and  Auction  will  be  held  Sunday,  May 
15  from  3  to  4  at  William  Tennent 
Intermediate  High  School,  Street 
Road  {Route  132),  2  miles  East  of 
York  Road  (Route  263J,  Warminster, 
Sucks  County,  Pa.  Registration  Si. 
tail  gating  S2  additional.  Talk-in  on 
147.69-09;  146.16-76  and  146.52. 
For  further  information  write  to 
Horace  Carter  K3ZAC,  38  Hickory 
Lane,  Day  test  own  PA  18901. 

SANTA  BARBARA  CA 
MAY  13-15 

The  22nd  annual  West  Coast  VHF 
Conference  will  be  held  on  May 
13-15,  1977  at  the  Miramar  Hotel  on 
the  beach  in  Santa  Barbara  CA.  The 
event  opens  with  registration  at  6  pm 
Friday  (May  131,  followed  by  a  full 
day  of  technical  presentations  starting 
at  9  am,  Saturday,  Pre- registration  fee 
is  S2  until  April  30,  After  that  and  at 
the  door,  S3.  Registration  forms,  ho- 
tel information,  and  furtf&er  details 
may  be  secured  by  writing  Dt\  Over- 
beck  a!  the  Communication  Division, 
Pepperdine  University.  Matibu  CA 
9026R 

VANCOUVER  WA 
MAY  21  22 

The  Fort  Vancouver  Hamfalr  will 
be  held  Saturday  and  Sunday.  May  21 
and  22  at  the  Clark  County  Fair- 
grounds, 7  miles  north  of  Vancouver 
on  IS.  Sponsored  by  W7AIA,  Clark 
County  Amateur  Radio  Club,  in  coop 
eration  with  W7KYC,  Portland  Ama- 
teur Radio  Club,  Camping,  contests, 
swap  &  shop,  prizes,  displays,  and 
mariy  other  activities.  Registration  do- 
nation S3.  Send  registrations  to 
Dorman  Stafford  W7ZDR,  Registra- 
tion Chairmen,  Fort  Vancouver  Ham- 
fair,  3509  E  21st  St.,  Vancouver  WA 
98667.  Make  checks  payable  to  Fort 
Vancouver  Hamfair.  Tatk-in  on  2  and 
75  meters. 


*****£ 


Adirondack 
has  it! 


Amateur  Headquarters  for  the  Northeast 


A\  nnnrrknnr^nnnn  r^rw    Radio 

Supply 

185-191  West  Mam  Street  •  PO  Box  88 
Amsterdam.  N  Y  12010  Tel  (518)  842-0350 
Just  5  minutes  from  N.Y.  Thru  way  —  E*tt  27 


At 


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ONE  KILOWATT-  STILL   $5.00 


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Z1  ratios     1:1    or    4:1 

Postage:  USA,  Canada  And  Mexico  —  50  Cents 

Also  use  as  Transformer 

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Will  match   Mobile  Verticals 

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HIGH  GAIN  •   LOW  NOISE 

35dB  power  gain,  2,5-3.0  dB  N.F.  at  ISO 
MH2  2  stage,  RF.  protected,  dual  gate 
MOSFETS.  Manual  gain  control  and  pro- 
vision  for  AGC  4%-xIft**l%*  alum- 
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of  BNC  or  RCA  phono  connectors  (be 
sure  to  specify).  Available  factory  tuned 
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MHz  to  250  MHz  with  approximately  3% 
bandwidth.  Up  to  10%  B.W.  available  on 
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N.  Y.  State  residents  add  sales  tax. 

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VI 


HAM  GEAR 


Want  instant  cash  for  your  bam  gear? 
Beacon  Communications  wants  your 
equipment  for  (op  cash  prices!  Call  us 
free  tor  write}  for  our  top  dollar  quote 
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When  calling,  be  sure  to  have  exact 
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153 


An  FM  Gadget 


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the  long-winded  --  plus! 


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2310  W.  Del  Campo 
Mesa  AZ  85202 


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73 


Afield  strength  meter  is 
,    a  universal  instrument 

in  any  ham  radio  shack.  It 
tells  you  when  your  final 
transistor  goes  soft  due  to 
high  swr,  when  your  push-to- 
talk  switch  goes  bad  or  the 
connector  gets  flaky,  and  the 
most  insidious  of  all,  when 
the  swr  shuts  you  off.  But 
how  many  hams  use  their 
field  strength  meters? 

This  design  promises  to  be 
a  more  useful  ham  shack  toy 
than  most*  In  addition  to 
being  an  FSM,  it  is  a  timer  to 
let  you  know  when  you  have 
talked  too  much.  This 
function  is  particularly  useful 
to  several  Phoenix  hams. 

The  front  panel  indicates 
relative  field  strength  with  a 
sensitivity  adjustment,  has  a 
switch  for  time  out  ranging 
from  .5  to  5  minutes,  and 
displays  an  on-the-air  light. 
At  the  end  of  the  selected 
time-out  interval  (cleverly 
chosen  to  be  equal  to  your 
neighborhood    repeater),    an 


internal  loudspeaker  signals  a 
tone  indicating  "time  out/' 
So  let  up  on  the  mike. 

Circuit  Operation 

The  antenna  drives  the 
base  of  Ql,  which  rectifies 
the  signal  and  provides  meter 
current.  The  sensitivity  is 
adjusted  by  the  100k  pot 
The  presence  of  base  current 
turns  on  Ql,  discharging  the 
.1  uF  capacitor  in  its  collec- 
tor and  providing  base 
current  for  Q2.  The  ,1  uF 
capacitor  could  be  as  large  as 
100  uF,  forcing  you  to  let  up 
on  the  mike  button  for  one 
second  before  it  would  reset 
the  timer. 

When  Q2  turns  on,  it 
provides  current  to  the  "on- 
the-air*1  lamp,  a  lamp  care- 
fully selected  to  draw  30  m  A 
at  9  V  so  that  it  doesn't  drain 
the  battery.  It  also  provides 
current  to  the  CMOS  inte- 
grated circuitry  to  begin 
timing  the  transmission.  The 
timer  consists  of  a  hex 
inverter  (MCI  4049)  and  a  12 
bit  ripple  counter 
(MCI 4040).  The  combined 
current  drain  of  these  circuits 
is  1  mA  consumed  in  the 
timebase  oscillator.  When  02 
turns  on,  an  8  V  jump  in 
voltage  is  coupled  through 
the  .1  uF  capacitor  to  pin  7 
of  IC1,  but  slowly  discharges 
to  ground  in  .1  sec  through 
the  1 M  resistor.  The  two 
inverters  (7-6,  9-10  of  IC1) 
square  this  pulse  to  reset  all 
stages  of  the  IC2  counter.  An 
oscillator  consisting  of  two 
inverters  (5-4,  3-2  of  IC1) 
runs  at  the  frequency  shown 
in  Table  1.  IC2  counts  the 
cycles  of  this  oscillator.  On 
the  2049th  count,  Q12  of 
this  counter  will  go  high,  and 
no  longer  will  disable  the 
audio  oscillator  (500  Hz, 
1M2,  14-15  of  IC1). 

When  this  oscillator  runs,  a 
square  wave  is  produced  at 
pin  15  of  1C1  which  is 
buffered  by  Q3  to  drive  the 
loudspeaker.  A  resistor  is 
used  to  limit  the  current  to 
the  loudspeaker,  but  lower 
values  (or  a  transformer) 
would  be  required  for  ade- 
quate audio  in  mobile 
operation. 


154 


This  unit  was  built  into  a 
Radio  Shack  minibox  (1-5/8" 
x  2-5/8"  x  5-1  /8'1),  but  that 
is  a  tight  fit.  The  majority  of 
the  circuitry  was  built  on  one 
PC  card  All  V4  Watt  resistors 
and  chip  capacitors  were  used 
to  keep  down  the  size,  as  welt 
as  the  smallest  loudspeaker  I 
coutd  find,  A  9  V  alkaline 
battery  is  used  for  long  life* 
The  ICs  should  be  kept 
wrapped  in  aluminum  foil 
until  ready  to  be  soldered  in 
(after  all  other  parts  have 
been  soldered   in).  Pin  6  of 


IC2  must  be  cut  off  the  IC,  or 
bent  away  from  the  hole 
before  it  is  inserted  and 
soldered  in.  Solder  pin  8  of 
the  ICs  first,  thus  grounding 
the  static  protection  devices 
inside.  Grid  dip  the  tuned 
circuit  to  put  it  on  the  appro- 
priate band  or  use  values 
shown  for  2m.  The  capacitor 
in  this  tuned  circuit  should  be 
re  tweaked  for  maximum  sen- 
sitivity with  an  on-the~air  sig- 
nal, On  2  meters  the  base 
emitter  capacitance  of  Q1  is 
almost    enough    to   tune    L; 


TO   -» 


tc  •.;•»;■ 


TO  TlMf  QWT    WITCH  TD*NThU 


Fig.  2.  PC  board 

however,  adjustment   of  the     mize  the  sensitivity- 
antenna  from  Y*\  will  opti- 


veryone  writing  on  swr 
states  some  truths  but 
invariably  adds  more  mystery 
and  confusion  to  the  subject 
in  the  process.  There  is  no 
question  about  whether  ener- 
gy or  power  flows  in  both 
directions  on  a  transmission 
line.  The  existence  of  stand- 
ing waves  on  the  line  is  a 
summation  of  the  forward 
and  reverse  waves  and  can  be 
predicted  with  mathematical 
accuracy. 

The  confusion  is  in  what 
the  swr  meter  is  saying  to  us. 
It  is  saying  that  ''potential" 
energy  is  passing  the  meter  in 
both  directions  and  //  this 
line  were  terminated  at  both 
ends  in  its  characteristic 
impedance,  that  energy 
would  be  dissipated  at  a  cer- 
tain rate  (which  is  called 
power).  Note  the//. 

Let  us  take  a  few  exam- 
ples. If  we  have  an  infinitely 
long  line  with  no  loss  and  we 
turn  a  transmitter  on  for  one 
second,  a  block  of  energy 
186,000  miles  long  would 
propagate  down  the  line  and 
keep  going  long  after  the 
transmitter  was  shut  off.  The 
forward  swr  meter  would 
read  the  transmitter  power 
for  one  second  as  the  block 
passes  it.  The  meter  simply 
says  that  //the  far  end  of  this 
line  is  terminated  in  its  char* 
acteristic  resistance,  there 
would  be  the  transmitter 
power  in  Watts  dissipated  in 
this  resistor  for  one  second 
when  this  energy  block 
reaches  it.  It  is  perfectly 
respectable  to  call  this  energy 
flow,  but  it  must  be  called 
"potential"  energy  and,  at  a 


H.  A.  Ray  WBSIAM 
1406  San  Rafael 
Dallas  TX  75218 


The  Real  Truth  About  SWR 


-  -  if  the  transmitter  loads  okay,  forget  it 


certain  time  rate,  "potential" 
power. 

The  forward  swr  meter 
doesn't  know  whether  power 
was  extracted  at  the  far  end 
or  not.  If  the  far  end  of  the 

line  is  open  or  short  circuited, 
then  all  of  this  potential  ener- 
gy will  reflect  and  flow  as  a 
block  in  the  reverse  direction 
on  the  line.  NowJ  suppose  we 
turn  the  transmitter  on  for 
one  more  second.  We  now 
have  two  blocks  of  energy 
flowing  toward  each  other. 
When  they  meet  they  will 
cause  a  standing  wave  on  the 
line  for  one  second  where 
they  overlap, 

Now,  let's  turn  the  trans- 
mitter on  a  third  time  just  as 
the  first  block  of  energy 
reaches  its  terminals.  Depend- 
ing upon  the  transmitter 
matching  conditions,  the  first 


block  of  energy  will  reverse 
and  combine  with  the  trans- 
mitter power.  We  now  have  a 
new  block  of  energy  which 
will  be  read  by  the  forward 
swr  meter  as  greater  than  the 
transmitter  power.  This  is  not 
surprising,  as  we  know  part  of 
it  came  from  the  transmitter 
and  the  rest  of  it  was  the 
reverse  power,  reversing  again 
when  it  hit  the  transmitter. 

This  is  not  just  a  fictitious 
example.  Time  domain  re- 
Hectometers  show  us  pictures 
of  the  forward  and  reverse 
energy  flow  on  lines.  In  fact, 
all  calculations  of  impedance 
and  standing  waves  on  tines 
are  derived  from  the  forward 
and  reverse  energy  flow  on 
transmission  lines. 

Standing  wave  meters  are 
just  what  they  say  they  are. 
They  show  the  magnitude  of 


the  forward  and  reverse  waves 
which  are  propagating  on  the 
line  and  they  convert  this  to 
the  power  that  could  be 
absorbed  //  the  line  were  ter- 
minated in  its  characteristic 
impedance. 

The  above  example  illus- 
trates that  on  a  good  line 
with  large  conductors  or  on  a 
lossless  line,  there  is  no  power 
loss  due  to  targe  swr  or  re- 
flected power.  The  power 
delivered  to  the  tine  simply 
flows  back  and  forth  until  it 
is  dissipated  in  the  antenna  or 
load.  Large  standing  waves 
produce  points  of  high  cur- 
rent on  the  line.  The  current 
squared  times  the  resistance 
of  the  copper  wire  at  this 
point  is  the  loss  in  Watts.  It  is 
usually  insignificant  on  ama- 
teur transmission  lines.  If  the 
transmitter  will  load  up  to 
power,  forget  the  swr.  ■ 


155 


Improvin 


Dipole 


-  omnidirectionalization 
modification 


ground  system  to  be  effective 
and  should  also  be 
constructed  in  an  area  which 
is  reasonably  free  of 
o  b  s  t  r  u  c  tions.  Obstructions 
around  the  ground  end,  or 
high  current  and  hence  high 
radiation  portion,  of  a 
vertical  antenna  are 
particularly  destructive  of  its 
real  efficiency.  Vertical 
antennas  are  also  not  the  least 
conspicuous  of  antennas,  in 
situations  where  that  is  a 
consideration,  as  compared  to 
a  wire-type  dipole  antenna. 
So,  what  to  do  about  making 
a  simple  dipole  antenna  have 
a  better  general-purpose 
omnidirectional  radiation 
pattern?  One  possibility  is  to 
construct  the  dipole  antenna 
in  an  inverted  V  fashion  with 
the  center  point  at  the  most 
elevated  position  and  the 
sides  having  about  a  90 
degree  angle  to  each  other.  A 
fairly  omnidirectional  pattern 
will  result  but  with  reduced 
radiation,  as  compared  to  a 
regular  dipole,  both  broadside 
to  and  off  the  ends  of  the 
dipole.  An  alternative 
solution  is  the  form  of 
extended  dipole  antenna 
presented  in  this  article.  It 
offers  broadside  radiation 
efficiency  equal  to  that  of  a 
regular  dipole,  radiation  in 
the  "off  of  the  ends1*  direc- 
tion only  3  dB  down  from 
the  broadside  radiation,  and 

Fig.  7.  Turnstile  is  an  excellent  form  of  omnidirectlonai  dipole 
but  obviously  difficult  to  support  since  four  elevated  support 
points  are  needed. 


73  Magazine  Staff 

Any     dipole     antenna, 
when   it  is  reasonably 

well  elevated,  exhibits  very 
definite  directional  proper- 
ties. Maximum  radiation 
occurs  broadside  (or  at  right 
angles)  to  the  line  of  the 
antenna  and  minimum  radia- 
tion occurs  in-line  or  off  of 
the  ends  of  the  antenna. 
Some  amateurs  put  up  a  di- 
pole antenna  to  take  advan^ 
tage  of  the  directional  proper- 
ties of  this  type  of  antenna. 
Bui  most  amateurs  really 
only  put  up  a  dipole  antenna 
because  ii  fits  into  the  space 
available  for  putting  up  a 
simple  antenna.  The  direc- 
tional properties  are  simply  a 
disadvantage  of  the  antenna 
which  have  to  be  accepted. 
Most  amateurs  with  restricted 
space  available  would  prob- 
ably  prefer  a  good 
omnidirectional  antenna  for 
general  purpose  work  on  any 
one  band.  The  vertical 
antenna  is  one  solution,  of 
course,  but  it  requires  a  good 


ts  extremely  easy  to  construct 
or  add  to  an  existing  dipole. 
Some  old-timers  will 
remember  when  horizontal 
polarization  was  the  accepted 
practice  on  VHF,  Many 
antenna  forms  were 
developed  for  mobile  use  to 
achieve  horizon  tal 
polarization  and  yet  obtain  a 
reasonably  uniform 
omnidirectional  radiation 
pattern.  Most  such  antenna 
forms  have  long  since  faded 
into  obscurity,  but  two  of 
them  still  retain  some  degree 
of  significance.  By  far;  the 
most  remembered  form  is  the 
turnstile  or  crossed  dipole 
configuration  (Fig.  1).  By 
properly  current  phasing  two 
dipole  (or  folded  dipole) 
antennas  erected  horizontally 
and  at  right  angles  to  each 
other,  one  could  obtain  an 
almost  omnidirectional 
pattern  with  the  gain  in  any 
direction  almost  equal  to  that 
of  an  individual  dipole.  The 
design  is  still  used  for  some 
omnidirectional  type  FM 
antennas.  The  second,  and 
usually  most  forgotten,  type 
of   omnidirectional    type   of 


horizontally  polarized  dipole 
antenna  is  shown  in  Fig.  2.  It 
lends  itself  particularly  well 
to  adaptation  to  HF  wire 
type  dipole  antennas, 
although  it  seems  to  have 
practically  disappeared  from 
the  VHF  scene  once  the  latter 
went  "vertical"  for  most 
amateur  radio  usage. 

The  antenna  form  is 
simply  that  of  a  regular 
half  wave  dipole  flat-top  with 
quarter  wave  extension  legs 
added  vertically  at  each  end 
of  the  basic  dipole.  The 
extension  legs  should  be  at 
right  angles  to  the  flat-top  to 
achieve  the  best 
omnidirectional      pa  ttern, 

although  if  they  are  displaced 
by  about  30  degrees  or  less 
no  great  harm  will  result. 
Preferably,  the  bottom  ends 
of  the  extension  legs  should 
be  themselves  about  a  quarter 
wave  above  ground  if  the 
radiation  off  the  ends  of  the 
antenna  is  to  remain  also 
horizontally  polarized.  If  this 
distance  is  less,  there  still  will 
be  significant  radiation  off 
the  ends  of  the  antenna  but 
its  polarization  will  be  a 
combination  of  horizontal 
and  vertical  components. 

Changing  the  overall 
length  of  a  dipole  antenna 
will t  of  course,  change  the 
feed  point  impedance  seen  at 
the  center  of  the  antenna. 

Any  of  the  various 
matching  methods 
described  in  antenna 
handbooks  can  be  used  to 
re-match  the  coaxial  fcedline 
normally  used  with  an 
unmodified  dipole  to  the 
modified  dipole.  One  of  the 
simpler  methods  which  has 
worked  out  well  in  practice, 
however,  is  the  use  of  a 
quarter  wave  matching 
section  made  from  300  Ohm 


~ 


%x 


%x 


IF 


%a 


ftx 


* 


Fig.  2.  Two  vert  leaf  quarter  wave  sections  are  added  to  regular 
half  wave  horizontal  dipole.  Change  in  dipole  feedpoint 
impedance  must  be  compensated  for 


156 


twinlead  between  the  antenna 
and  coaxial  line  as  shown  in 
Fig,  3.  One  should  be  pre- 
pared to  do  a  bit  of  pruning 
of  the  300  Ohm  matching 
section.  Start  with  a  full 
quarter  wave  section  and  cut 
it  back  a  bit  at  a  time  until  an 
swr  meter  placed  in  the 
coaxial  line  shows  the  lowest 
reading,  A  balun  transformer 
can  be  used  between  the 
coaxial  line  and  the  300  Ohm 
twinlead  for  balance  purposes 
if  desired.  Be  sure  to  use  a 
1:1    ratio  balun.  The  idea  is 


not  to  use  a  4:1  setup  balun 
to  match  the  coaxial  line  to 
the  300  Ohm  section,  as  this 
would  prevent  the  latter  from 
acting  itself  as  an  impedance 
transform  a  tion  device 
between  the  coaxial  feedline 
and  antenna. 

When  adding  the  extension 
legs  to  an  existing  dipole, 
they  can  be  simply  secured  to 
the  ground  using  a  length  of 
heavy  duty  plastic  clothesline 
to  keep  them  in  position. 
Such  line  has  enough  give  to 
it  to  act  as  a  spring  and  thus 


Fig.  3.  Needed  matching  fine  for  dipole  in  Fig,  2,  Twinlead 
length  should  be  trimmed  for  lowest  swr. 


keep  moderate  tension  on  the 
extension  wires.  Clothesline 
with  a  nylon  core  and  not 
that  with  a  metal  core  should 
be  used. 

This  dipole  modification  is 
not  new.  It  has  been  used 
with  success  over  a  number  of 
years  in  different 
i  nstal  lat  ions.  Al  though  no 
comparison  was  made  with  a 
dipole  oriented  at  right  angles 
to  a  modified  dipole,  stations 


+  * 


"3: 


■A  1*0 


I  111!   f    fflWI 
«75t 


could  be  worked  off  the  ends 
of  the  modified  dipole  which 

could   not  be  worked  before 
modification.  ■ 


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The  60  WPM 
Conversion 


-  using  I00  TTY  on  60  wpm  circuits 


By  now  you  have  more 
than  likely  been  hearing 
about  the  UART.  This  is,  in 
long  form,  Universal  Asyn- 
chronous Receiver  Trans- 
mitter, This  chip  can  receive, 
serially,  signals  with  start  and 
stop  pulses  of  any  5,  6,  7  or  8 
level  data.  The  Baudot  code 
used  on  amateur  RTTY  is  (5) 
five  level.  Which  it  will  work 
on  is  determined  by  putting  a 
jumper  on  the  chip  or  leaving 
it  off. 

The  receiver's  input  recog- 
nizes serial  input  and  converts 
it  to  parallel.  This  output  is 
available  on  pins  26,  27,  28, 


29,  30t  31,  32  and  33.  The 
speed  at  which  the  receiver 

will  operate  is  set  by  the 
frequency  of  pulses  that  one 
applies  to  pin  27,  This  is 
determined  by  multiplying  16 
times  the  baud  rate  of  the 
speed  you  wish  to  operate. 
To  calculate  this,  use  7.5  as 
your  unit  per  character  of  (5) 
five  level  code.  For  example, 
if  you  want  60  wpm,  that  is 
one  word  per  second.  One 
word  in  RTTY  is  five  char- 
acters plus  one  character  for 
space  that  must  be  printed,  or 
six  characters  per  second.  Six 
x  7.5  equals  45  baud;  45  x  16 


-  727  Hz, 

The  transmitter's  input  is 
parallel  on  pins  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 
10,  11  and  12.  Its  output  is 

serial,  with  start  and  stop 
pulses  on  pin  25,  The  speed 
at  which  the  transmitter  oper- 
ates is  set  by  the  frequency  of 
pulses  applied  to  pin  40.  This 
tool  is  16  times  the  baud  rate 
of  the  speed  you  wish  to 
operate.  For  example,  if  you 
wish  to  run  100  wpm,  that  is 
six  characters  per  word, 
equaling  600,  which  divided 
by  60  seconds  gives  you  10 
characters  per  second,  which 
times    7.5    equals    75    baud. 


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Fig.  J.  Speed  changer. 


FREQ  = 


OPM  x  16  x  7.5 
60 


Remember,  FREQ  is  the 
clock  frequency  you  want  in 
Hertz  and  OPM  is  the  opera- 
tion per  minute  you  wish  to 
run.  For  example,  six  char 
acters  per  word,  100  words 
per  minute,  is  600  OPM,  Six 
characters  per  word  at  60 
wpm  is  360  OPM. 

Now  that  we  have  all  thi 
what  are  we  going  to  do  with 
it?  The  easiest  thing  would  be 
to  connect  the  parallel  output 
of  the  receiver  to  the  input  of 
the  transmitter.  If  we  clock 
both  at  the  same  speed  we 
have  just  made  ourselves  a 
regenerative  repeater.  This 
does  not  excite  many  hams  at 
first,  but  let's  go  over  it  &  bit. 

Irv  Hoff  W6FFC  and 
Howard  Nurse  W6LLO,  as 
well  as  Paul  Satterlee,  Jr. 
WA51AT,  have  written  two 
very  good  articles  on  the 
UART  in  the  RTTY  Journal. 
April  and  May,  1974,  issues, 
They  say  "most  companies 
claim  that  signals  within 
plus-minus  47-48  percent  bias 
can  be  handled  with  perfect 
output  timing  being  gen- 
erated in  the  transmit  sec- 
tion." In  marginal  copy,  there 
should  be  a  significantly 
fewer  number  of  errors 
printed.  By  clocking  the  re- 
ceiver and  transmitter  at 
different  frequencies,  we  can 
build  a  digital  speed  converter 
to  either  go  up  or  down  in 
speed* 

The  schematics  in  this 
article  should  enable  you  to 
build  a  digital  speed  con- 
verter. You  will  note  that  I 
have  added  a  FR15202E 
FIFO  (First  In  First  Out). 
This  is  only  a  40  character  9 
bit  storage  chip.  As  you  load 
each  8  bit  character  into  the 
input,  it  just  drops  through 
until  it  hits  the  output.  Or,  if 
there  is  memory  in  it,  it  wilt 
load  up  to  that  point. 

Just  think  of  it  as  a  long 
hollow  tube  that  you  drop 
ping  pong  balls  into.  They 
will  fall  to  the  bottom  if 
there  are  no  other  balls  in  the 


way.  The  UART  will  release 
the  balls  one  at  a  time  as  it 
wants  them,  via  pins  22  and 
23.  The  purpose  of  this  is 
that  when  you  are  keying  at 
100  wpm  and  sending  at  60 
you  will  have  a  40  character 
storage.  The  whole  idea  of 
this  circuit  is  to  run  your 
machine  at  100  wpm.  Now 
you  can  copy  60  wprn  or  1 00 
wpm  by  changing  the  clock 
frequency  of  the  receiver,  and 
be  able  to  leave  the  trans- 
mitter ouiput  at  100  wpm. 
You  can  also  connect  up  your 
100  wpm  keyboard  to  the 
receiver  and  transmit  either 
100  wpm  or  60  wpm  by 
changing  the  clock  frequency 
of  the  transmitter  and  be  able 
to  leave  the  receiver  at  100 
wpm. 

The  only  problem  you 
might  run  into  is  if  you  run  a 
TD  at  100  wpm  and  transmit 

at  60  wpm.  You  can  see  that 

if  you  did  that  you  would 
soon  fill  up  the  FIFO,  You 
could  build  up  a  circuit  that 
would  recignize  a  filled  up 
FIFO  and  stop  the  TD  for  a 
preset  time.  If  you  are  typing 
on  the  keyboard,  you  will 
have  to  take  a  break  once  in  a 
while  if  you  type  faster  than 
60  wpm  for  more  than  100 
characters  at  a  time.  I  don't 
seem  to  have  any  trouble 
there,  but  I  think  a  fast  typist 
might  have  to  slow  down. 
The  reset  is  used  when  you 
first  turn  the  unit  on,  as  you 
don't  know  what  will  be 
loaded  in  the  FIFO, 

Both  frequencies  are 
divided  down  from  the  1 
MHz  clock.  Any  clock  fre- 
quency you  want  can  be  used 


Manufactured  St  Guaranteed  by 

MORGAIN 
2200T  South  4th  Strwt 
Leavenworth,  Kansas  66045 
(913)  £823142 


as  long  as  you  divide  it  down 
to  the  ones  we  discussed,  If 
you  don't  like  the  clock  I  am 
using,  there  is  a  very  good 
one  by  Irv  Hoff  W6FFC 
called  the  Mainline  XB-6 
UART  Clock  in  the  May, 
1974,  issue  of  the  RTTY 
Journal.  The  9316s  are  pro- 
grammable dividers  by  Fair* 
child.    For   those  who  don't 

■ 

know  how  to  program  these 
dividers,  let's  look  into  them 
a  bit. 

The  idea  is  to  program 
dividers  up  so  that  when  they 
reach  the  number  you  want, 
the  output  of  the  last  device 
goes  high.  You  use  this 
output  to  feed  back  or  reset 
the  dividers  back  to  the  pro- 
grammed number.  Since  the 
input  is  a  crystal  clock,  you 
can  see  now  that  the  output 
should  be  as  stable  as  the 
input  but  divided  by  the 
preset  number  entered  into 
the  divider. 

To  calculate  how  to  pro- 
gram the  divider,  you  first 
convert  the  divisor  to  binary. 
Then  take  the  2's  comple- 
ment of  this  number  and  load 
it  into  the  dividers.  Each 
divider  is  a  divide  by  16,  so 
you  must  load  4  binary  codes 
into  each  one.  The  program 
inputs  to  each  chip  are  pins  3, 
4,  5  and  6.  Pin  3  is  the  least 
significant  number  and  pin  6 
is  the  most  significant  num- 
ber. A  1  is  loaded  as  +5  and  a 
0  is  connected  to  ground. 
Let's  go  over  one  to  be  sure 
you  understand  It 

To  get  1200  Hz  for  the 
100  wpm  clock,  we  first 
divide  this  into  our  clock 
frequency   of   1    MHz.    This 


comes  out  to  833.  Now  this 
means  we  must  program  our 
divider  to  give  us  an  output  at 
every  833rd  count  of  the 
clock.  If  you  look  at  the 
circuit,  you  will  see  that  this 
will  also  give  us  the  feedback 
for  the  reset  pulse.  The 
easiest  way  I  know  of  to 
convert  833  to  binary  is  to 
just  keep  dividing  by  2.  If  2 
divides  into  it  evenly  it  is  0;  if 
you  have  a  remainder  it  is  1. 
For  example: 


MSN 


1 1 

2    |J o 

2    IB T 

2    H3  -  -  -  0 

2   m 0 

2    152 0 

2    I1Q4 _  0 

2   \im 0 

2    1416 1 

2    J333 

ADD 

0001 

-  0100  -  OOOI 

1110 

-  ion  -  tno 

+t 

LSN 


11  TO  -    1011   -   IH'eS  T%  Complement 
REVERSE 


111   -   1101  -  0111      LOAD 


Note  that  the  answer  came 
out  to  only  9  places.  You 
must  add  the  three  Os  to 
make  it  come  out  to  12,  as 
each  chip  has  4  inputs  and 
they  must  all  be  set.  If  the 
answer  had  come  out  to  8 
places,  we  would  have  had  to 
only  use  2  chips.  Now  to  get 
the  2's  complement  we  invert 
all  the  digits  -  that  is,  make 
every  0  a  1  and  every  1  a  0. 
We  then  add  1  to  the  least  bit 
and  we  now  have  what  we 
want.  There's  only  one  prob- 
lem: They  are  in  reverse.  If 
you   look  at  the  circuit,  you 


will  note  the  LSB  is  pin  3  of 
the  1st  chip  and  the  MSB  is 
pin  6  of  the  3rd  chip.  What 
we  have  to  do  now  is  just 
reverse  all  the  digits  end  for 
end  or  tip  the  sheet  of  paper 
upside  down.  If  you  want  to 
get  fancy,  you  could  put  a 
series  of  switches  on  the  pro- 
gram inputs  and  then  be  able 
to  pick  out  any  frequency  of 
pulses  wanted* 

There  are   many  ways  to 
interface    the    UART    to    the 
Mainline     TT/L     or     5T-6. 
Several  are  in  the  May,  1974, 
issue  of  the  RTTY  Journal. 
Remember  that  the  input  and 
output   are   TTL   compctlible 
and    you    can    operate    the 
UART  with  any  circuit  that 
will    work    with    TTL    logic. 
Input  is  +5  volts  and  is  pulled 
to   ground    to    operate.   The 
output  is  +5  volts  when  not 
being    pulsed    and    goes    to 
ground  internally  when  oper- 
ating,  I  am  going  to  operate 
my  unit  in  a  separate  cabinet 
with  its  own  loop  supply  and 
optoisolator    so    it    will    be 
independent    of    my    ST-6. 
Think   I  could  use  it  better 
this  way.  Most  people  might 
like  to  put  it  into  their  ST-6, 
as  you  already  have  the  12  V. 
Coming  up  with  +5  should  be 
no  problem.  To  operate  the 
circuit  you    will   need  about 
30  mA  of  12  Vdc  and  50  mA 
of  +5  V  dc.  This  should  be 
well-filtered     and     well-regu- 
lated. 

I  would  like  to  thank  Bob 
Davis  W6HUL  for  all  the  help 
he  gave  me  on  this  article* 
Without  his  knowledge,  it 
would  not  have  been  pos- 
sible. ■ 


EXCLUSIVE  SE  FOOT 
75  THRU  10  METER  DIPOLES 


2, 
3, 


NOTES 

V  Models  prefaced  '  "  r  will  be  available  1/77, 

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$53 

$99 

$59 

.  $129 

.$119 
.$169 
.  $99 

.   $12 

■   $19 

$29 

$795 
$3.50 
$1.50 
$5.00 
$200 
$6.00 


It 


SEE  YOU  AT 

DAYTON 


AMATEUR-WHOLESALE  ELECTRONICS 

8817  3.W.  129th  Terrace,  Miami.  Florida  33176 

COURTEOUS  PERSONAL  SERVICE-SAME  DAY  SHIPMENT  *  PrlCM  ftub|*d  to  ctiftnpa  without  notk». 
TELEPHONE;  (305)  I33-3«3t  *  TELEX  51-5628  -  STORE  HOURS.  10-5  MON.-HH. 


m»Mft  tfwgfp 


A21 


NEW! 
FM144-10SXRII 


BBKDK 


All  Solid  State-PLL  digital  synthesized  —  No  Crystals  to  buy!  5KHz  steps  —  144-149 
MHz-LED  digital  readout. 

•  5MHz  Band  Coverage  —  1000  Channels  (instead  of  the  usual  2MHz  to  4MHz  — 
400  to  800  Channels)  •  Priority  Channel  •  Audio  Output  4  Watts  #15  Watts  Output 

•  Unequaled  Receiver  Sensitivity  and  Selectivity  —  15  POLE  FILTER,  MONOLITHIC 
CRYSTAL  FILTER  AND  AUTOMATIC  TUNED  RECEIVER  FRONT  END  -  COMPARE!! 

•  Superb  Engineering  and  Superior  Commercial  Avionics  Grade  Quality  and  Con- 
struction Second  to  None  at  ANY  PRICE. 


•  FREQUENCY  RANGE;  Receive:  144,00  to  148.995  MHz, 
5KHz  steps  (1000  channels),  Transmit  144.00  to 
148.995  MHz,  5KHz  steps  (1000  channels), 

•  FULL  DIGITAL  READOUT:  Six  easy  to  redd  LED  digits 
provide  direct  frequency  readout  assuring  accurate 
and  simple  selection  of  operating  frequency 

•AIRCRAFT  TYPE  FREQUENCY  SELECTOR;  Large  and 
small  coa*iaily  mounted  knobs  select  IQOKHz  and 
lOKHz  steps  respectively  Switches  click  stopped  with 
a  home  position  facilitate  frequency  changing  without 
need  to  view  LEO'S  while  driving  and  provides  the 
sightless  amateur  with  full  Braille  dial  as  standard 
equipment 

•  FULL  AUTOMATIC  TUNING  OF  RECEIVER  FRONT  END: 
DC  output  of  PLL  fed  to  varactor  diodes  in  all  front 
end  R  F  tuned  circuits  provides  full  sensitivity  and 
optimum  intentiodulation  rejection  over  the  entire 
'  :'  t  No  other  amateur  unit  at  any  price  has  this 
feature  which  is  found  in  only  the  most  sophisticated 
and  expensive  aircraft  and  commercial  transceivers 

•  TRUE  FM:  Not  phase  modulation  -  for  superb  em 
phasized  hi  fi  audio  quality  second  to  none. 

•  FULLY  REGULATED  INTEGRAL  POWER  SUPPLIES; 
Operating  voltage  for  all  circuits,  i.e.,  12v,  9v  and 
5v  have  independently  regulated  supplies,  12v  regu 
lator  effective  fa  keeping  engine  alternator  noises 
out  and  protects  final  transistor  from  overload. 


•HOHITOR  LAMPS:  2  LED  S  on  front  panel  indicate 
(1)  incoming  signal  channel  busy,  and  (2)  unlock 
condition  of  phase  locked  loop 

•  DUPLEX  FREQUENCY  OFFSET:  6Q0KH;  plus  or  minus 
5KH*  steps  Plus  simplex,  any  frequency 

•MODULAR  COMMERCIAL  GRADE  CONSTRUCTION:  6 
unitized  modules  eliminate  stray  coupling  and  facih 
tate  ease  of  maintenance 

•  ACCESSORY  SOCKET:  Fully  wired  for  touch  tone, 
phone  patch,  and  other  accessories 

•  RECEIVE:  25  uv  sensitivity  15  pole  filter  as  well  as 
monolithic  crystal  filter  and  automatic  tuned  lC 
Circuits  provide  superior  skirt  selectivity 

•  AUDIO  OUTPUT.  4  WATTS 

«  HIGH/LOW  POWER  OUTPUT;  15  watts  and  i  watt, 
switch  selected.  Low  power  may  be  adjusted 
anywhere  between  1  watt  and  15  watts,  fully  pro- 
tected -  short  or  open  SWR 

•  PRIORITY  CHANNEL:  Instant  selection  by  front  panel 
switch  Diode  matrix  may  be  owner  re  programmed 
to  any  frequency  (146.52  provided). 

•  DUAL  METER:  Provides  S"  reading  on  receive  and 
power  out  on  transmit, 

•  OTHER  FEATURES: 

Dynamic  microphone,  mobtle  mount,  external  speaker 
jack,  and  much.  much.  more.  Size:  V%  x  61*  x  7l? 
All  cords,  plugs,  fuses,  mobile  mount,  microphone 
hanger  etc.,  included.  Built  in  speaker.  Weight:  5  lbs. 


NEW!  6  METER  FM50-10SXRH 


Same  specifications  as  above  except  transmit  /receive 


WINTER  SPECIAL 
FM144  10SXR1I 

*389°° 

VALUE  $599.00 

Regulated  AC/PS 

Model  FMPS4R...  $49.00 

Manufactured  by  one  of  the  world's  most  distinguished  Avionics  manufacturers,  Kyokuto  Dens  hi  Kaishat  Ltd. 

First  in  the  world  with  an  all  soiid  state  2  meter  FM  transceiver. 

AMATEUR-WHOLESALE  ELECTRONICS 

8817  S.W.  129th  Terrace,  Miami,  Florida  33176 

Telephone  (305)  233-3631  *  Telex:  51-5628  PLEASE  ORDER  FROM  YOUR  LOCAL 

U.S.  DISTRIBUTOR  DEALER  OR  DIRECT  IF  UNAVAILABLE. 


Touch-Tone 

Pad 

MODEL  FMTP-1 

...$59.00 


WESTERN  REGIONAL  SALES 

ft  SERVICE  CENTER 

CONSUMER  COMMUNICATIONS,  INC 

6l15-15THAVE,fN  W 

SEATTLE.  WA  9B1G7 

TELEPHONE  (2Q6)  7B4-7337 


Scnfn 


A21 


♦ 


ELECTRONICS  COMPANY,  INC. 


"One  of  the  finest  names  In  the  Industry 


// 


SPECIALISTS  IN 

High-Power    RF    transistor    components,    CMOS    integrated 
circuits    &     associated  components. 


WISHES  TO  ANNOUNCE 


A  complete  line  of  amateur  H.F.  and  V.H.F.  equipment  including  the  best 
names  in  the  business. 

Liberal  discounts  to  licensed  amateurs,  lias  been,  and  still  is,  our  policy  — 
trade-ins  accepted. 

For  your  amateur  needs  from  $1  to  $????? 


Write  or  Call 


BLUE  GRASS  PLAZA 
2417  WELSH  ROAD 
PHILADELPHIA  PA   19114 
PHONE:  (215)464-1880 


BULK  ORDERS  ACCEPTED 


BIDS  SUPPLIED 


Bit 


162 


TOUCH-TONE 
DATA  PHONES 


&*&:*::^;:*: 


ALLIED  ACTION  LTD.™ 

NCR  KEY  HO  A  K  OS 


Rotary  Thumbwheel 


w#W:StfSft^::ra£a£ffi 


0  q  m 

QDQ 


nhi  & 


TELETYPE. 
Model  33TR 


Surplus  computer  touch  torn:  phones 
uaed  to  validate  credit  cards  and  personal 
check  authorization.  These  units  are.  used 
and  corn*  from  a  large  computer  validater 
operation  who  have  since  updated  their 
equipment.  CoinpleLe  phone  with  loUcll- 
tone  pad,  head  set,  micro -circuit  boards, 
power  cord.,  phone  cord„  logic  ami  op 
amp  power  ajuppfy :  +  5  V,  ■*-&— 12V,  ease, 
etc. 

All  units  are  .sold  MAS  IS".  Phone 
includes  2  P,C.  boards  inside  base  which 
contain  IC  buffers  and  memory  lo  accel- 
erate/decelerate call  traffic,  Units  will  re- 
member last  number  called.  Da  La  sent 
and  recieved  from  credit  phone  as  short, 
high  speed  burst  of  binary  data  signals. 
Unit*  require  a  SI 'ST  pushbutton  switch 
(not  supplied)  to  go  "off-line'".  We  have 
been  told  that  Lb  esc  units  can  be  used  a$ 
standard  touch  tone  phones  with  some 
slight  modifications,  Data  for  conversion 
is  supplied ;  These  units  cost  over 
$150,00  each  Lo  make,  most  parts  are 
AM,  mfg.  Yours  for  only  $25,00. 
Sh.  Wt.  7  Lbs  .  .  7AAL000030  .  ,$2&M 
2  for  £44.88.  .  7AAL000O30  ,  $4488/2 


ELECTRONIC  IGNITION 


SWITCHED 

*  THUMBWHEEL    Switches        Decimal, 
10  position,  mig.  by  CD!,      SH,  Wt,   3  oz. 

7AAL100Q001  ]..,...  .  32,00/scetiou 
3forS5.00.  -  -7AAL .100000 1  .  .  $5.00/3 
EndplatesSl.fJO/pair    RUE. 

*  THUMBWHEEL  Switches  -  BCD,  10 
position,  mfg.  by  EECOt  new. 

Sh.  Wt.  3  oz  .  7AAL619O002.  $2.50/sect. 
5  for  3 10.00.  ,7AALol90002.  *  1 0.00/5 

*  DIP  ROCKFR  Switches  by  Amp,  new, 
SPST.  two  types  available  - 

+  8  position  type:  Sh.  Wt.  4  oz. 

7AAL6J0003  ,  .<....<,..  12,25  each 
5  for  £10.00.  .7AAL6610003.  *iGiJ0/5 
f  7  position  type;  Sh.  Wt>  4os5. 

7AAL6650O04 ,  $2.01)  em  h 

fclbrflkOO.  .7AAL66SG004.  $10.00/6 


— - — ,  i  .V— 


•*^-+f>c.  ;i  ,j„ 


Ihese  beauLitul  keyboards  come  iomp- 
letc  with  case  and  5  lou^  CilhLc  with  P.C. 
board  LcrmiiiiiLions.  Thy  50  ke\  ^witches 
are  hardwired,  with  somr  oO  Vi  in-s  com- 
ing out  to  the  P.C.  hoards,  \l.-o  included 
wiLh  (hir,  super  J'.C  board  and  case  is  an 
on/ of  I  switch  and  a  4  dijril  re^et  tabic 
coupler.  Keyboard  is  set  up  wilts  alpha 
or  numeric  keys  and  1  |U!I)  code  lights 
on  left  side  of  keyboard  (ihes-r  could  hr 
useful  for  many  things).  Complete  likr- 
pew  keyboard  wiLh  a  copy  oi  "Decipher- 
ing Mystery  Keyboards"  U\  liar  I  Hcllmcr; 
editor  of  Byte  magazine.  Priced  lo  sell 
quirk!  Oty.  Ltd.  Sh.  Wt      lOLba. 


^fiftfiftWAK^ffi 


Mr  J  lid  fti\H  packaged  machine,  receiver- 
only.  Thi*  unit  feature*  all  tin-  standard 
teletype  performance,,  speed.  reliability 
and  smoothness  of  operation,  Ideal  for 
computer  or  order-Lakcn  receiver  printers 
List  price  was  close  to  $1,000.00.  riuan- 
Lit)  is  limited.  Our  to  wefyjftt,  this  unit 
tttu&t  faf  JWHI  via  Irufk,  freight  collect- 


AAI.00OU21! 


$495,01) 


7AAUHI0027 


8IH.HJ* 


PHONES  -  STAMJCUT 

PRINCESS      DIALS 


•  LONGER   POINT  LIFE 

•  LONGER  SPARK  PLUG   LIFE 

•  PRACTICALLY  ELIMINATES  TUNE   UPS 

•  MORE   POWERFUL  SPABK 

•  BETTER   GASOLINE   MILEAGE 

•  BETTER  ENGINE  PERFORMANCE 

New  solid  i>Late  ignition  for  ears,  boats, 
trucks,  decreases  wear  on  points  and 
plugs.  liirlulU  easily  on  6  or  12  volt 
systems.  Sh.  Wt.  Ift  Lbs. 

7AAL000025  , $6.88  each 

3  for  1 18.00.  .7AAL000025  ,  *  18>00/3 


9,6  Volt  Ml  CAD  HATTERY 
bv  GOULD 

«=\-;  -     - 

New  and  packaged  with  soldered  termi- 
nals, sintered  celb  Markin^i  -t-fir6V  red 
terminal;  -9.6V  blaek  Icrminal;  i-1.2V 
blue  LtirmjnaL  8  cells  in  all  -  seven  (7) 
cells  of  0.100  A.H.  and  one  (I)  cell  of 
0.150  ATI.  Size:  2.6^  L  x  1.2"  W  x 
0.701'  H.  Looks  good  for  remote  con troL 
Qty.Ltd.  h.  Wt.  4  OB. 

7AA(iMX)026 $5.00  each 

5forS^:j.OO.  .  7AAL000026  .  $23.00/5 


CAR/ BOAT/CYCLE/ ALARM 
HORjNS-  12  VOLT 


New  HUrplus  from  France,  witii  baked  on 
black  enamel  paint.  Require*  12V +2A, 
iSh.  Wi.  2  Lbs  .  ,  7AALIXO0008  .  .$2.50 
5  for 310.00,   7AAL1XO000H.  $10.00/5 


L>rd,  ^i>od  condition,  in  mixeii  cotor^ 
with  &  wilitiJUl  riji^ir^.  SLatiL  3  rotor 
chokes  and  we  will  comply  wlu-re  possi- 
ble, Sli.  Wi,  10  1.1^. 

7AAL000UOOtJ $l750rach 

3for|WL00.  .7-\AI,00O0O0y.  S4B.00/S 


RELAY  DIP 


14  pinT  by  I) unci*,  Ci  VI K',  spsi,  h'WiO  otafi 
coil,  contacts  I  0  VA.  N.t>.      Sh  Wt.  6  oz. 

7AAL1AD0005. $2.50  each 

5forSl0.00,  7AALiAD0O05.  *I0.W5 


DMA  INPl'Tig  Ol'TPLT 
TERM  W  A  U  with 
CRT*  KKYROARI) 

Ibis  irr i -a t  nikroproees^Nr  iupul/oulput 
tiTTTiiual  itiis  A<S(1M  oiitjhiil  and  iniiK^ 
ci>iupbte  witfi  1 21t  fiu^1  leeb.  msnunJ 
wilb  optTalin^;  anil  npair  irltiLructioriK* 
whieh  make.-  ii  vn^\  U*  modify  I  he  lerru- 
inal  tor  your  appliraLkmh.  Tin  ebaraetfr 
j*e<nerution  1J»it  war>  pari  ttf  a  »r{Kifit(e 
eunlrol  lirvici-  vibieb  is  not  availabb'. 
Tile  liTnitnal  can  hi'  modified  however. 
la  In-  i.i  sin  I  ii]  eoiejuctioti  with  ebaraelrr 
geTtersiloT  I, SI  i  hipH  >ik  ti  a-  tin1  ^."Li, 
2-i  I  o  or  others. 

1  his  beautiful  CRT  h Tirnnai  with  bbnk 
at|d]a-[Luiueric  keyboard  of  50  keys,  wa.- 
madi-  by  Itioikcr  liamo  for  u-r  on  l f n - 
N.S  .  -Stus  k  KxcEidiii!{\  airline  reservations. 
and  other  applications  when1  il  WiW  lied 
into  a  central  computer,  Thi^  uriil  in 
eludes  CRT,  U*$e.  power  sUjiplMH.  acid 
some  sweep  rir^uits.  Som«  *t\~  the  di^ilaf 
lofijie  i^  included,  rbc  i'Ai'i  is  a  -V  unit 
mouuteij  with  the  bUn  L-type  kr-\  board 
in  a  ea.se  which  indude.v  the  supplier  ami 
e  i  rt- oi  try  -  <  *  f  »cra  te  j*  o  n  |  J  5  V ,  bO  1 1  r, . 
CHT  character  capaeiiy  can  be  adjusted; 
7fiH  chapters  (  12  lines  with  o+  ehar.  per 
iiiu  );  My 4  { 12  line,  of  ;$2):  250  fo  lines  *if 
64);  etc.  Sh.  W|.   ftiLb* 

7AAIJBR00(J2V $49.50 

2fori95.(Kl.  7AA|.BK0002y.  S«J5  {JO/1' 


FANS 


Sh.  Wi. 

(lbs.) 


Secondary 
(vedts) 


(amp!') 


TRANSFORMERS 
Mnl^./Frm. 


1//prfj7wiri>Anrc  /  to  VAC, 


I  *rder  .Nu. 


I 


nc 


90  sec.. 
Rslpy 


Running  Tims 
Metffr 


0  -  240  sac 
RslW 


TIME  DELAY  RELAY  -  90  Sec. 

DPDT,   10  A.  output,  input   120  VAC. 
Solid  state  "MidTex" relay. octal  plug. 
Sh.Wt.  I  Lb.  .  ,7Aj\LOA700O7  .  .S5.5«) 


TIME  DELAY  RELAY 

Adjustable  0  to  240  sec.  Mfg.  by  General 
Time,   solid    state    timer.     Input    117   V 
50/60  Hz.   Output  120  VAC,  5  A.,  dpdl> 
with  knob  control  and  octal  plug. 
Sh.Wt.  1  Lb.  .  .7AAL2690006  .  .  $9.50 
3  for $26.00.  .7AAL2690006.  $26.00/5' 

RUNNING  TIME  METER 

iMfg,  by  ftngler.  elapsed  time  indicators 
with  readings  of  99999,9  hours,  2-I/ft,T 
diameter  mounting  bole,  tf^  wire  leads. 
Runs  on  117  VAC.  Ideal  for  preventive 
maintenance.  Sh,Wt,  6  oz. 

7AALION0024.  .  - $9.00 

3  for  $25.^0.  .7AAL1ON0024.  $25.00/3 


t  MUFFIN  Fans  -  RUE,  m"  so.,  105 
CbM  high  performance  axial  air  type 
fans,  mfg  by  Rotxon,  DAM,  IMC!  and 
others.  Qty.Lld.  Sh.WL.  3  Lbs, 
7AAL000012.  .  ,  .  .- $0.80  each 


S 


0.150 


Ml 


U.210 
0.075 
0,2511 


ill 


7A\I.*:S20()I5 
TAAliOQOdOl'ri 


>'*t 


£•  I     ■>' 

-  ■  p  I  .  ~L 

-  *  I  -*rfL  J 


I 


SH 


B 

to 

10 
19 

4 
1.5 
2,5 

SH 

- 

*  15 

32 

12 

7: 

bforSaO.OO,  7AALOA 70007,  530.00/6    3  foe$2S.OO^  7AAL00OO12  .  $25.00.0 


MORE  FANS 


20 

i 

150 
24 
12 
20 


7.5 

1 

0.1 

4 
\ 
\ 


r     -K-* 


24 


4 


7WL7920017 
\\L09f>00ia 

A  A  1. 0000019 
7A  A  1.0000020 


12 


15 


i:» 


7AAL76O002J 
7AAL76(H}02J 


j;loo 


,S10.00 

.  ,$7.50 


1*   RIPLEY  Air  Tan  -  fit*  same  spaer  as 
4%"   muffin   fan,   but   with  shaded   pole 
motor.  105  CFM„  Newtqty.  Ud- 
ah.Wt.  3  Lbs.  ;  7AAL1250013  .   $4.75 
3  for  SHOO.    7AAL 1250013.  $13.00/3 


in 


4SLT 

WtT 

2fic:r 

25CT 
17CT 


ia 

25 
?2 

o 


.  ,35.00 
.    S0.OO 
7AAL0ol0023     .  .    ^15.00 

*  Shielttedt  with  18  gage  3  conductor 

black  line  cord  with  molded  plug. 
**  22  volt  tap. 


ALLIED  ACTION  LTD. 


All  items  are  new  surplus 
unlesti  described  otherwise. 

H..U.E.  =  Removed  from  u^ed  equipment, 

POSTAGE:     Please  include  sufficient 

ptislagti    with    each    order.       Shipping 

weights  are  listed  for  all  items  aboi-v. 

FJJJL  Rochester,  K.Y.    14621 


ALLIED  ACTION  LIMITED 

101  BERLIN  STREET 
ROCHESTER,  N.Y,  14621 

Tel- (716)  3424700  a  30 


163 


Circuits 


#5V 


Want  a  free  copy  of  any  73  publication?  Sure  you  do.  Just  send  in  your 
favorite  circuit,  or  even  one  that  you  don't  especially  like.  If  we  print  kt  you 
take  home  the  book  of  your  choice. 


£UmH 


^=I9V 


H 

TEST 
BUTTON 


' 


QCH 


1 00* 


CRYSTAL 
SOCKET        ,001 

■€ZZ9-)i- 


33pF 


:* 


7$;4T& 


50  OH 


I 


•,"•->, 


iOOf* 


A  crystal  checker  suitable  for  checking  used  crystals  at  hamfests,  etc,  If  the 
crystal  is  good,  the  meter  will  show  a  steady  indication,  A  good  crystal  wtfl 
cause  the  circuit  to  oscillate  when  the  "test"  button  is  pushed,  with  a  half  scale 
reading  on  rhe  meter.  Thanks  to  John  Mairs,  Springfield  VA. 


(00  K 

FROM  DETECTOR  *> w * 


BIPOLAR  LCD 


A  tero  center  indicator  for  FM  receivers.  To  adjust,  tune  in  a  station  and  adjin,i 
the  T  megohm  pot  for  a  null.  Then  ask  tiie  station  to  modulate  and  fine  adjust 
so  modulation  peaks  don't  light  the  LEDs,  Stations  are  property  tuned  when 
neither  LED  is  fit  Thanks  to  Michael  Black  VE2B  VW, 


*  repeater 
circuitry 


*77 


The  best  woy  yet  to  safeguard  portable,  emergency  power  repeaters  from 
reverse  or  excessive  voltage.  DJ  prevents  incorrect  polarity  damage,  and  zener 
voltage  determines  the  maximum  voltage  that  wilt  reach  the  rest  of  the 
circuitry.  Use  fast  blowing  fuse  rated  greater  than  the  SCR  current  rating. 
Thanks  to  Paul  flurm  W88CLF. 


ov 


_TL  ^ 


# 


22* 


j!t» 


rfj 


■'  ■! ...  I 


inr 


Ol|iF 


$53011 


t  ■:■■ 


ii 


\i 


ii 


Here's  a  circuit  developed  for  doubling  the  frequency  Of  a  TTL  square  wave,  h 
locks  onto  the  rise  and  fail  of  the  input  square  wave,  ff  high  frequency 
operation  is  desired,  the  capacitors  may  be  lowered  in  value.  Thanks  to  Howard 
Gerber  WB5YWS. 


2N722 


W 


8A 


^"9V 


31    fl 


c 


ZNT22 


A  siren  oscillator  that  sounds  just  like  an  air  mechanical  device.  L  t  is  one  half 
an  audio  transformer  with  a  10k  center  tap.  Thanks  to  Gary  Capek  K8NSA/5. 


^output 


TONE   DECODER 
(TUNED  TO  OESiftED 
TONE  FREQUENCY] 


vec 


(TIME4I  I  X  RC| 


A  continuous  tone  defector  using  567,  55St  and  7400  1C$.  The  output  goes  low 
only  when  the  tosto  has  been  continuous  and  exceeds  the  timer  pufse.  Without 
a  tone,  the  high  at  the  567  output  is  inverted,  keeping  the  timer  nzset.  When 
the  rone  comes  inf  the  timer  output  goes  high  and,  after  being  inverted,  blocks 
the  gate.  If  continuous  tone  is  used,  the  gate  is  opened  at  the  end  of  the  timer 
pulse,  ff  not  continuous  tone  or  shorter  tn  duration  than  the  timer  pufse,  the 
output  of  the  gate  remains  high.  The  circuit  could  also  be  used  to  reset  an 
alarm  system  or  detect  any  TTL  logic  that  required  a  specific  length  of  time. 
Thanks  to  Raymond  Thompson  KH&1EL. 


Ci 


01  02    <> i 


a 


m 


V 


*P 


SPI 


Your  basic  code  practice  oscillator, 
which  works  with  2  to  12  V  dc  (but  9 
to  12  voits  gives  best  volume  and 
clean  keying}.  Rl  can  he  replaced 
with  a  500k  pot  and  the  circuit  will 
sweep  the  entire  audio  fnzquency 
range.  Thanks  to  Rod  Hafien,  Tomb- 
stone AZ. 


I« 


iG*t      f 
— w*- — *- 


FROM  RET  LINE 


-)h 


m 


fr  TO  MIC 


*R-(30K  FOR  HIGH  1  MIC  LINE 
-     I  OK  FOB  L0#  t    MIC  LINE 


The  "Key  Up  Beeper  "  designed  for  use  on  the  Jacksonville  FL  16/76.  The  circuit  gives  a  .75  second  tone  burst  1  second 
after  the  COB  is  de -energized  Time  delay  may  be  changed  by  substituting  another  value  for  the  7  megohm  resistor. 
Tone  burst  duration  is  varied  by  changing  the  value  of  the  700k  resistor,  and  the  frequency  of  the  rone  is  changed  by 
varying  the  resistor-capacitor  ratio  of  the  third  555  IC.  The  circuit  is  set  up  for  5  V  dcf  but  can  be  used  for  12  V  dc 
applications  by  adding  the  components  in  dashed  lines.  Thanks  to  Jim  Arnerr  Jacksonville  FL. 


164 


Q&A 


This  column  will  be  a  monthly 
feature  of  73  Magazine.  It  is  hoped 
that  it  will  be  of  assistance  to  begin 
ners  and  old-timers  alike.  We  only  ask 
that  your  questions  be  kept  as  general 


VI 


as  possible.  We  will  try  to  answer  all 
queries  received.  Please  mail  your 
questions  to  Technical  Editor,  73 
Magazine,  Peterborough  NH  03458, 


hDh 


;.ooi  yF 


.ooa  up 


Q.    For    operation  on    MARS,    CAP, 
etc.,   what   modifications   will  allow 
crystal- con  trolled  as  well  as  vfo  opera- 
tion? 
A    This    typical-circuit  modification 


(see  the  figure)  will  permit  crystal- 
controlled  operation  and  requires  only 
a  few  small  parts  for  a  very  worth- 
while addition*  And,  original  calibra- 
tion of  the  set's  vfo  is  undisturbed. 


£ 


TO  RCVR 
AUDIO  INPUT* 
TERMINALS 


-i 


INTERRUPTER 
(SURPLUS} 


VOLUME 


O Wr 


.22  »F 


230 


*a 


/77 


*■  TO  XMTR 
*-  KEY  JACK 


r 


TO  SPKP 


Q    ts  there  a  diagram  for  constructing 
a  simple  keying  monitor? 
A  The  interrupters  in  several  pieces  of 
surplus  equipment,  such  as  telegraph 


set  TG-5,  can  be  converted  easily  to 
an  excellent  keying  monitor  used  with 
the  station  receiver  and  transmitter,  as 
shown  in  the  figure^ 


output 


RFC 
2.3  mH 


Q_  Is  there  a  crystal  oscillator  circuit 
that  will  operate  at  7  MHz  using  a 
Siliconix    2N2608    field   effect   tran 
sistor  (FETJ? 

A  The  oscillator  circuit  in  the  figure 
writ  work  very  weft.  Leads  must  be 
kept  short.  The  coil  can  be  air-wound 


or  a  permeability -tuned  unit.  If 
desiredf  the  tuning  capacitor  can  be  a 
variable  unit  and  the  value  of  the  coil 
fixed.  The  amount  of  rf  output  will 
depend  on  the  crystal  {activity}  and 
the  voltages  used. 


Q.  What  is  an  integrated  circuit? 
A.  An  integrated  circuit  ffC)  is  a  small 
piece  of  a  specially  treated  mineral 
that  hss  the  ability  to  reproduce 
entire  circuits  that  might  ordinarily 
require  dozens  of  transistors,  resistors, 
and  other  components.  There  is  at 
least  one  IC  that  is  the  sire  of  a 
transistor  that  actually  rep/aces  s 
thousand  transistors;  some  replace 
even  more.  Being  very  small,  they  are 
perfect  for  miniaturiied  construction 
projects  or  for  simplifying  larger  pro- 
tects. Usually  they  have  fourteen  or 
sixteen  connections. 

Q*  How  can  a  surplus  frequency  meter 
rf  output  be  reduced? 
A.  Simple.  To  recap,  however,  the 
problem  occurs  when  the  instrument 
is  tuned  to  a  weak  signal.  What  hap- 
pens is  that  a  heterodyning  effect  is 
produced  —  and  quite  an  annoying 
one. 

To  remedy,  a  2  megohm  potenti- 
ometer should  be  placed  in  series  with 
the  original  screen  dropping  resistor  in 
the  frequency  meter.  To  null  or 
reduce  output,  merely  adjust  the 
newly  -installed  po  tentiometer. 

Q.  If  any,  what  are  the  advantages  of 
SSB  compared  to  FM? 
A.  first  of  all*  FM  requires  more 
frequency  space  and  more  bandwidth. 
Second,  performance  of  SSB  on  weak 
signals  is  better  than  FM.  Lastly,  FM 
cannot  be  received  property  on  an 
ordinary  AM-CW  receiver  -  SSB  can, 
by  using  the  bfo  to  inject  carrier. 


Q.  How  can  you  set  the  main  tuning 
dial  to  the  right  spot  so  that  the 
calibration  of  the  bandspread  dial  will 
be  accurate? 

A  A  crystal-controlled  marker  oscil- 
lator (see  the  figure)  is  about  the  best 
way  to  do  this.  The  circuit  shown  can 
be  built  right  into  most  receivers  and 
turned  on  or  off  at  will  with  a  toggle 
switch  mounted  on  the  front  panek 

A  3.5  MHz  crystal  will  work  nicely, 
The  fundamental  and  harmonics  of 
the  3*5  MHz  oscillator  make  it  usable 
as  a  band  edge  marker  for  ait  bands 
through  28  MHz. 

&  Is  the  problem  of  key  clicking, 
experienced  with  CW  keying,  also 
experienced  in  FSK  work  in  tele- 
printer operation? 

A  Ye$r  shifting  frequency  too  quickly 
will  result  in  sharp-edged  waveforms. 
In  order  to  achieve  rounded  charac- 
ters, the  keying  transition  must  be 
smooth  and  slow,  Abrupt  changes  in 
any  keying  signal  will  produce  exces- 
sive bandwidth,  and  result  in  thumps 
or  clicks,  even  though  the  affected 
receivers  are  tuned  to  a  frequency 
some  distance  from  the  offending 
station's  frequency. 


fr? 


-l|l| C^O- 

3  V0C 


23K 


ft? 


CL  Is  there  a  circuit  diagram  for  a 
transistorized  G-multiplier  that  can  be 
used  with  i-fs  in  the  1400  kHz  region? 
A.  The  lead  from  the  Q-multiplier  (see 
figure/  to  the  plate  of  the  mixer  stage 
in  the  receiver  should  be  shielded.  The 
coil  used  should  have  a  high  0  and, 
for  1400  to  1450  kHz,  should  be  an 
iron  core  unit  having  a  value  of  120  to 
130  uH.   The  resistor  tted  to  the  25k 


pot  will  have  a  resistance  of  from  3k 
to  40  kil,  depending  on  the  transistor 
used;  the  value  must  be  obtained 
experimentally.  Try  a  5k  unit  with  the 
HF-3  transistor.  Before  changing  resis- 
tors, try  various  low-voltage  dc  values. 
If  a  2N1742  transistor  is  on  hand,  it 
wilt  work  extremely  well  in  this 
circuit 


Tt 

I ifc 

NX.-1    * 


EARPHQ*€S 


KEY 

Q.  I;  there  a  circuit  diagram  available 
for  building  a  code  practice  oscillator? 
A  77>ff  code  practice  oscillator  circuit 
in  the  figure  can  be  built  for  approx- 
imately   $6.     This    circuit    does    not 


require  a  plate  or  3-pfus  supply.  It  is 
essential,  however,  that  high  imped- 
ance headphones  be  used  with  the 
Circuit  for  maximum  performance. 


165 


" 


Digital  Autopatch 


-  -  with  touchtone  dialer 


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R    \H 


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E.E.  Bu/fington  W4VGZ 
2736  Woodbury  Dr. 
Burlington  NC  27215 


Photos  by  Danny  Turner  WB6TUG/4 


•5 


R2 


S 

■f"VL 


ff5      _ 


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A3 

R4 


1. 


CI 
C2 


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17 


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7402 


7404 


Fig.  L  Decoder  board  with  N AND  gating  to  supply  afl  rows,  ail  columns,  * ,  # ,  1 1  and  0. 


04       SmH         04 


•5 


12   <t 
I*    * 

'0  <- 


«*7  DIGITS 
DIALED-* 


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Kl-Cff  CLAIRE 
P*R3MFi009 


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3  WIN    Ti«f 

70*  AFTER   FIRST  ]'. 


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rf? 


F/#  4.  77?e  dialer  accepts  logic  signals  from  the  decoder  and  dials  the  phone, 


I  he  recent  introduction 
of  two  new  tC  chips  by 
Motorola  has  really  opened 
the  door  for  a  practical  auttv 
patch  for  the  repeater  that 
does  not  have  access  to  a 
touchtone  signaled  phone 
line.  This  article  describes  all 
the  circuits  you  need  for 
phone  patching. 

The  MC14419  and 
MCI  4409  are  the  gpod  news 
items  that  we  have  been 
waiting  for.  The  MO  44 19  is 
a  2  of  8  to  binary  decoder 
which  takes  a  row-column 
input,  does  debouncing,  and 
converts  to  a  4-bit  binary 
number.  The  debouncing  con* 
sists  of  furnishing  a  strobe 
pulse  to  the  MC14409  only 
after  the  row-column  infor- 
mation has  settled.  The 
MCI 4409  stores  this  data  and 
dials  it  out  al  the  proper 
pulse  rate.  The  storage  capac- 
ity is  16  numbers  and  can  be 
read  and  outpulsed  over  and 
over  again  by  using  the  redial 
feature.  The  autopatch  de- 
scribed here  is  in  operation 
on  two  repeaters  presently 
and  is  performing  just  fine. 

The  Decoder 

I  designed  the  decoder 
around  the  EXAR  XR2567 
IC  chip  because  it  is  a  dual 
decoder  and  costs  only  slight- 
ly more  than  a  single  567 
decoder.  The  decoder  board 
uses  four  of  these  chips  to 
decode  the  four  rows  and 
four  columns  of  the  standard 
16  button  pad.  (See  Figs.  1 
and  2,)  There  is  some  "AND" 
gating  done  to  get  (*),  (#), 
(1)  and  (0).  These  four,  plus 
all    rows    and    columns,   are 


166 


742Q  t/£  741 : 


1  V  „  »* 
7JT 


iWl  * 


5 — jrTTV-H  i/z-mizi[ 


ALL    GATES    7400 
VCC*i4    GHfD-7 


71 1        I " ' 


*5 
J- 


**- 


.  :. 


74  73 


=»- 


I  *- 

3** 


1/2  74123 


^> 


«/£T4i23 


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It 


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3  W4JTE  TlHE* 


F/#.  7.  Control  circuit  for  touch  tone  signaled  phone  line. 


(0)    is    the    first    digit,    the 
phone  will  disconnect." 

It  was  found  in  the  model 
that  some  voices  would  cause 
a  row<o)umn  match  and 
keep  dialing  the  phone  after 
the  connection  was  made. 
This  was  overcome  by 
limiting  the  number  of  digits 
to  7.  The  75192  loads  a  !<1" 
with  (*)  and  counts  to  8, 
thereafter  inhibiting  strobe 
pulses. 


The  three  minute  timer 
will  terminate  the  call  after  3 
minutes.  The  call  will  also 
terminate  with  {#)  or  with 
(1)  or  (0)  as  the  first  digit. 
The  AP  line  is  used  to  turn  on 
the  transmitter  and  the 
logging  tape  recorder  (third 
party  traffic,  you  know!). 

A  fix  was  also  needed  to 
keep  voices  from  "talking 
up**  a  dial  tone  in  normal 
repeater     operation.     A     re- 


triggerable  multivi  brator 
(74123)  was  used  to  insure 
that  *  or  #  must  be  held  low 
continuously  for  one  second 
before  the  output  goes  low.  I 
don't  have  a  circuit  board 
layout  on  this  feature  yet, 
but  the  schematic  is  shown  in 
Fig-  5. 

Touch  tone  Signaled  Line 
Control  Circuit 

Fig.   7    is   the   logic  for  a 


control  system  that  w 
initiate  the  call,  start  the 
timer,  and  provide  lockout 
for  (1 )  or  (9)  as  the  first  digit. 
The  operation  of  the  circuit  is 
pretty  straightforward, 
except  for  the  debounce 
feature.  Begin  with  (*)  going 
low  for  one  second.  This  sets 
the  J-K  flip-flop  (0  output 
goes  high)  and  starts  the  three 
minute  timer.  The  output  of 
the  timer  is  inverted  and  is 
furnished  as  a  signal  to  start 
the  tape  recorder,  make  the 
phone  line  connection,  and 
keep  the  transmitter  on.  If 
the  next  digit  is  a  (1 )  or  (0), 
the  timer  will  reset  and  the 
phone  connection  will  be 
broken.  The  first  digit  dialed 
will  clear  the  j-K  flip-flop  so 
the  next  or  any  subsequent 
digit  can  be  any  digit  in- 
cluding (1)  and  (0),  A  (*)  or 
(#)  is  not  recognized  as  a 
digit.  The  retriggerable  multi- 
vibrator 74123  is  used  as  a 
debouncer.  The  any-row  or 
any-column  debouncer  is  set 
at  20  milliseconds;  the  (*) 
and  (#)  debouncer  is  set  for  I 
second*  A  logic  low  must  be 
present  far  the  full  time  in 
order  to  get  an  output  after 
that  time.  Any  glitching  or 
contact   bouncing  that  takes 


Fig.  8(a),  Decoder  hoard. 


168 


wput  N4* 


INPUT  "BT 


OUTPUT  V 


OUTPUT  "H* 


Fig.  2.  Dual  tone  decoder  Four  of  these  decoders  with  RJ  and 
CJ  values  from  Fig.  3  are  used  for  the  complete  decoder  (Fig 


IKPUT 


Fig.  5.  Dual  contact  bounce  eliminator. 


OUTPUT 

s 


OUTPUT 

5 


R1  (Nominal) 

14.3k 
13.0  k 
11.7k 
10.6k 
17.6k 
16.0  k 
14.5  k 
13.0  k 


Fig,  3.  Decoder  frequencies  and  timing  resistor  and  capacitor 
values. 


Fr*q* 

CI 

Row  1 

697  Hz 

0.1  mF 

Row  2 

770  Hz 

0.1  mF 

Row  3 

852  Hz 

0,1  mF 

Row  4 

941  Hz 

0.1  mF 

Column  1 

1209  Hz 

.047  mF 

Column  2 

133GHz 

.047  mF 

Column  3 

1477  Hz 

047  mF 

Column  4 

1633  Hz 

.047  mF 

provided  as  outputs.  The  de- 
coders are  trimmed  to  fre- 
quency by  monitoring  pin  9 
or  16  of  the  XR2567  and 
adjusting  the  pot  for  a  free- 
running  frequency  equal  to 
the  desired  lock  frequency. 
This  is  done,  by  the  way, 
without  an  input  signal.  The 
nominal  value  of  R1  is  shown 
in  Fig.  3,  The  fourth  column 


is  not  used  for  autopatching; 
however,  you  may  find  it 
useful  for  control  of  some 
repeater  functions. 

The  Dialer  (Fig.  4) 

I  decided  that  I  didn't 
want  to  pay  for  someone 
else's  toll  calls,  so  I  put  in  a 
"fix."  This  fix  makes  the 
logic  statement;  "If  a  (1)  or 


AUDIO   IN 
FROM  ftX 


TO    T  T. 


~k,HJ    DECODE* 


1.D    AUDIO 
IN 


MIC    IN 


AUDIO  OUT 
TO    XMTR 


HE 

OUT 


COS 


1201 


<I9) 


GNO  m 
L.*t2tt22 


Fig,  &  Audio  interface  hoard.  R5t  Q3  not  used.  Highest  R  -  31;  highest  C  =  20. 


167 


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R1 


Fig,  8(b)*  Decoder  hoard  component  layout. 


place  before  this  time  is  over 
will  retrigger  the  single  shot 
and  extend  ihc  time  by  the 
single  shot  period. 


Audio  Interface 

The  audio  board  (Fig.  6) 
connects  the  receiver  output 
to    the    transmitter,    phone 


Decoder  board,  foil  side  view. 


Decoder  board}  component  side  view. 


Fig,  9(a),  Dialer  board. 


170 


Fig,  J  0(a),  Audio  board, 


line,  and  decoder.  It  has  pro- 
vision for  local  microphone 
and  ID  audio,  and  has  a 
compression     amplifier      for 


boosting  the  phone  line  sig- 
nals. The  compression  ampli- 
fier has  high  gain  for  weak 
signals  and  less  gain  for  strong 


signals.  All  switching  is  done 
by  FETs.  The  carrier  oper- 
ated switch  (COS)  input  is 
active     high.     If    you     have 


touchtone  signaled  exchange, 
the  audio  board,  the  decoder 
board,  and  the  additional 
logic  (Fig.  7)  are  all  you  need. 


Fig,  9(b),  Dialer  board  component  layout 


Fig.  10(b).  Audio  board  component  layout. 


171 


Parts  List 


Doc  oder 


Description 

220  Ohm,  %W 

8.2k  Ohm,  %  W 

10k  Ohm,  Pot,  Bourns  3299W 

0.1  uF,  100  V,  Dipped  Mylar 

0.047  uF,  100  V,  Dipped  Mylar 

0  J  uF,  Disc  Ceramic 

1 ,0  uF,  Axtai,  20  V,  Tantalum 

10  uF,  20  V,  Dipped  Tantalum 

10  mA  Red  Light  Emitting  Diode 

XR2567  Dual  Decoder 

7402 

7404 

Dialer 

Description 

9lOOhm,y-W 

3.0  Megohm,  %  W 

240  Ohm,  34  W 

2.2k  Ohm,  ft  W 

47  uF,  20  V,  Tantalum 


OjOI  uF,  Disc  Ceramic 

1 .0  uF,  20  V,  Tantalum 

5  mH  (See  Text) 

Qty 

,04  uF  (See  Text) 

8 

74L0O 

8 

7400 

10 

555 

4 

74193 

4 

7473 

2 

MC14419P 

8 

MC14409P 

9 

1 N647 

8 

Relay,  C.P.  Clare,  MR3MF-1009 

4 

MC7805CP 

1 

Audio 

1 

Description 

470  Ohm,  V*  W 

Qty 

620  Ohm,  y*  W 

1 

1kOhm,%W 

1 

1 .5k  Ohm,  V*  W 

1 

2.2k  Ohm,  tt  W 

1 

2.7k  Ohm,  %W 

1 

4.7k  Ohm,  %W 

1 

2 

1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Qty 

1 
3 
S 
1 
1 
1 
1 


5.1  k  Ohm,  Va  W  1 

7.5k  Ohm,  Y*W  2 

10kOhm,1AW  5 

18kOhm,ViW  1 

27k  Ohm,  y*  W  1 

100k  Ohm,  %W  5 

470k  Ohm,  'AW  1 

510k  Ohm,  %  W  1 

100k  Pot,  Bourns  33S9W  2 

10k  Pot,  Bourns  3389W  1 

0,1  uF#  Disc  Ceramic  8 

100  pFp  Disc  Ceramic  1 

1 ,0  uF,  20  V,  Tantalum  7 

2N3S23  5 

2N3904  3 

1N750  2 

MC78Q5CP  2 

LM741CN  3 

Circuit  Boards  can  be  obtained  from: 
O.  C.  Stafford 
427  South  Benbow  Road 
Greensboro  NC  27401 

Price  is  $20.00  per  set,  postpaid. 


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lions  given  in  every  package 
of  boards  and  you  shouldn't 
go  wrong. 

The  inductor  for  the  16 
kHz  clock  oscillator  shouldn't 
be  a  problem,  I  have  used 
coils  from  3  to  10 
millihenries  (with  the  appro- 
priate capacitors)  and  ihcy 
worked  OK.  You  can  mount 
the  coil  on  the  area  used  for 
the  5  volt  regulator  heat  sink. 
The  formula  for  finding  the 
value  of  the  capacitors  is: 


CL  (uF) 


10  L(mH) 


Construction 

Any  local  print  shop  can 


Fig,  Tim  Overall  schematic, 

make  the  negative  (or  posi- 
tive) you  need  for  making 
your  own   boards.   You   can 


purchase,  from  Kepro,  pre- 
sensitized  boards  in  the  4  x  6 
size.    Just   follow  the  diree- 


Cheapskate  Shortcuts 

All  boards  mount  in 
22-pin  card  edge  connectors. 
You  could  solder  directly  to 
the    fingers    and    save   some 


Dialer  board,  foil  side  view. 


Dialer  board,  component  side  view. 


172 


•  ■  ■• 


1 


Audio  board,  foil  side  view, 


money*  Fixed  value  resistors 
could  be  used  for  the  audio 
input  on  the  decoder  board 
to  limit  the  input  to  less  than 
a  quarter  of  a  volt  rms  or  so. 
The  level  is  not  critical  atalL 
You  could  soldertack  a  pot  to 
find  the  value  needed  for 
proper  frequency  and  then 
substitute  fixed  resistors  if 
you  want  to  save  about  $15 
in  pots.  Watch  out  for  the 
orientation  of  ICs,  especially 
the  MC14409.  Make  sure  you 


Cyril  Li&resdey  WA1LET 
142  Brightman  St, 
Fall  River  MA    02720 


don't  put  them  in  backwards. 
Pin  1  on  the  PC  board  is 
square  instead  of  round.  You 
could  get  by  without  the 
LEDs.  Just  increase  the  load 
resistor  from  220  Ohms  to  1  k 
or  so,  and  put  in  a  strap  for 
the  LEDs.  A  junk  box  relay 
could  be  used  (instead  of  the 
reed  relay  specified)  and 
mounted  externally  to  the 
circuit  board;  just  put  in 
jumpers  over  to  the  contact 
fingers. 


Audio  board,  component  side  view. 


Parting  Shots 

An  attempt  was  made  to 
keep  a  constant  impedance 
on  the  phone  line  between 
transmit  and  receive.  If  there 
is  any  problem  with  the 
phone  company  on  this,  you 
will  have  to  put  in  a  hybrid 
coil  and  take  out  the  FET 
switch  Q6. 

One  day  you  might  find 
yourself  getting  wrong  num- 
bers. Check  first  to  determine 


if  the  phone  company  is  set 
up  for  dual  mode  signaling  on 
the  line.  They  have  a  setup  so 
that  either  dial  pulses  or 
touchtone  will  work.  The 
system  used  here  does  not 
mute  the  tones,  so  that  both 
the  tone  and  dial  pulses  will 
be  present  on  the  line.  I  have 
not  encountered  this  person- 
ally but  have  talked  to  others 
who  have.  The  circuit  shown 
in  Fig.  7  should  be  used  if 
this    is    the    case." 


The  wind  bloweth,  and 
the  hams  want  to  use  it. 
The  articles  that  I  have  been 
perusing  are  good  in  theory. 
In  practice  they  do  not  work, 
period.  Even  the  commercial 
wind  electric  generators  are 
very  disappointing  in  perfor- 
mance. I  know;  when  I  was 
young  I  was  making  a  living 
making  those  stupid  contrap- 
tions work.  When  the  power 
company  brought  in  the 
wires,  I  looked  for  another 
job. 

If  you  are  interested  in 
putting  up  a  wind  electric 
system,  follow  the  outlines  of 
a  good  theorist,  but  do  the 
main  things  he  leaves  out, 
which  are:  You  cannot  charge 
a  12  volt  battery  with  a  12 
volt  generator,  the  generator 
being  30  feet  in  the  air,  and 
the  battery  under  cover  at 
ground  level.  Even  the 
commercial   units  try   to  do 


Harness  the  Wind 


-  -  practical  hints 


this.  Also,  you  cannot  light  a 
12  volt  bulb  with  a  12  volt 
battery  over  the  house  wiring. 
All  that  you  will  get  is  a  red 
light,  depending  if  the  battery 
is  fully  charged  or  not,  The 
secret  of  a  successful  wind 
electric  system  is  to  have  the 
generator  rated  at  twice  the 
voltage    of   the    lights,    to   a 


voltage  regulator  positioned 
close  to  the  battery,  with  the 
battery  one  and  one  third 
times  the  voltage  of  the 
lights. 

At  that  time  I  used  a  six 
volt  system.  Thus,  a  12  volt 
generator  to  a  six  vott 
regulator  to  an  eight  volt 
battery.   Four  batteries  were 


wired  in  series-parallel.  The 
wiring  must  be  as  heavy  as 
you  can  afford. 

Practicality  works  when 
the  theory  leaves  much  to  be 
desired.  The  alternators  of 
today  would  greatly  increase 
the  efficiency  of  the  device, 
as  the  wind  does  not  blow 
steadily.  Any  questions?  ■ 


173 


APRIL 

£U*V£*V 

MUNDAV 

r.  r-.    .-v 

jwdnes:^ 

mu»»c*» 

rPHQAY 

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p 

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EASTERN    UNITED    STATES    TO:  1 

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DIODES/ZENERS 


1N914 

lOOv 

10mA 

.05 

1N4004 

400v 

1A 

.08 

1 N4005 

600v 

1A 

.08 

1 N4Q07 

1000v 

1A 

.15 

1N4148 

75v 

10mA 

03 

1N753A 

6,2v 

z 

25 

1N758A 

10v 

z 

.25 

1N759A 

12* 

z 

.25 

1N4733 

5.1* 

z 

25 

IN 524 3 

13v 

z 

.25 

IN5244B 

14v 

z 

.25 

TN5245B 

15v 

z 

25 

SOCKETS/  BRIDGES 


8-pin 

pcb 

.25 

ww 

,45 

14*pin 

pcb 

.25 

WW 

.40 

16-pin 

pcb 

.25 

WW 

.40 

18  pin 

pcb 

.25 

WW 

.75 

22-pin 

pcb 

.45 

24-pin 

pcb 

.35 

WW 

1.25 

28- pin 

pcb 

,35 

WW 

1.45 

40-pin 

pcb 

.50 

WW 

1.95 

Molex  | 

Dins    .01 

To-3  Sockets 

.25 

2  Amp  Bridge 

100- 

prv 

1.20 

25  Amp  Bridge 

200- 

prv 

2.50 

TRANSISTORS,  LEDS,  etc. 


2N2222 

2N2907 
2N3740 
2N3906 
2N3055 
T1P125 


NPN 
PNP 
PNP 
PNP 

NPN 
PNP 


1A 


60v 


15A         60v 
Darlington 


LED  Green,  Redr  Clear 

D.L.747     7  seg  5/8"  high  corn-anode 

XAN72      7  seg  corn-anode 

FND  359  Red    7  seg  corn-cathode 


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4001 

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4002 

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4004 

4,95 

4006 

1.20 

4007 

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4008 

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4009 

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4010 

•45 

4011 

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4012 

.20 

4013 

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4014 

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4015 

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4016 

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4017 

1.10 

4018 

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4019 

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4020 

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4022 

1.15 

4023 

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4024 

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4025 

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4026 

1.95 

4027 

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4028 

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4030 

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4033 

1,95 

4034 

2,45 

4035 

1.25 

4040 

1,35 

4041 

.69 

4042 

.95 

4043 

1.25 

4044 

,95 

4046 

1.50 

4049 

.80 

4050 

.70 

4066 

1,35 

4069 

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4071 

,35 

4082 

,45 

7400 

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7401 

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7402 

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7403 

,25 

7404 

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7405 

,25 

7406 

.35 

7407 

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7408 

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7409 

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7410 

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7411 

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7412 

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7413 

.65 

7414             I 

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7416 

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7417 

.50 

7420 

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7426 

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7427 

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7430 

15 

7432 

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7437 

45 

7438 

35 

7440 

25 

7441              1 , 

15 

7442 

65 

7443 

95 

7444 

55 

7445 

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7446 

.95 

7447 

.95 

7448             1 , 

20 

7450 

25 

7451 

25 

7453 

25 

7454 

25 

7460 

40 

7470 

45 

7472 

45 

7473 

35 

7474 

40 

7475 

,45 

7476 

.20 

7480 

.65 

7481 

,99 

7483 

1.00 

7485 

1,05 

7486 

,40 

7489 

2,50 

7490 

.55 

7491 

1.15 

7492 

.95 

7493 

.45 

7494 

1.25 

7495 

.85 

7496 

.95 

74100 

1.85 

74107 

,45 

74121 

.40 

74122 

.55 

74123 

.55 

74125 

.45 

74132 

1.35 

74141 

1,30 

74150 

1.00 

74151 

.95 

74153 

,95 

74154 

.75 

74156 

1,15 

74157 

.75 

74161 

1,25 

74 1 63 

1.25 

74164 

.95 

74165 

1.50 

74166 

1.35 

74175 

.95 

74176 

1,25 

74180 

,85 

74181 

3.25 

74182 

.95 

74190 

1.75 

74192 

1.65 

-    T     T     L     - 


74193 
74194 
74195 
74196 
74197 
74198 
74367 


,85 
1.45 

.95 
1.50 

1.25 

2,35 

.85 


75 108 A 

.35 

75110 

.35 

75491 

,50 

75492 

,50 

74H00 

,25 

74H01 

.25 

74H04 

.25 

74H05 

,25 

74H11 

,25 

74H15 

.30 

74H20 

,30 

74H22 

.40 

74H30 

.25 

74H40 

.25 

74H51 

.25 

74H52 

.15 

74H53J 

.25 

74H55 

,25 

74H72 

.55 

74H101 

.75 

74 H 103 

,75 

74H106 

.95 

74  L00 
74L02 
74L03 
74L10 
74L30 
74L47 
74L55 
74  L72 
74L75 

74S0O 
74S02 

74S03 


.35 

.35 
.30 
.35 
,45 
1.95 


.55 

.55 
,55 
.50 


74504  .45 

74505  ,45 
74S08  ,45 

74510  .45 

74511  .45 
74S20  .50 
74S40  .30 

74550  .35 

74551  .45 
74S64  .30 
74S74 

74S1 1 2  1 

74S133 

74S140 

74S151A 

74S153 

74S158 

74S1 94  1 

74S257  (8123J 

74LSO0 
74LS01 
74  LS02 

74  LS04 

74  LS08 

74LS09 

74  LSI  0 

74LS11 

74LS20 

74LS21 

74LS22 

74LS32 

74  LS37 

74  LS40 

74LS42  1 

74  LS74 

74LS90  1 

74  LS93  1 

74LS107 

74  LSI  53  1 

74  LSI  57 

74LS164  1 

74LS367 

74LS368 


45 
75 
45 
45 
45 
50 
25 

45 
45 
45 
55 
45 
45 
45 
45 
50 
25 
25 
55 
40 
55 
75 
95 
30 
00 

95 
20 
85 

90 

.85 

.70 


till 


SERIES 


9301 
9309 
9322 
9602 


1.00 
.45 

1.10 
1.50 


MEMORY,  CLOCKS 


74S  188(8223) 

MM  1702  A 

MM5314 

MM5316 

2102-1 

TR  1602  A 

TMS6011NC 

8080AD 

8T23 

8T24 

2107B-4 


3. 00 
9.95 
3,50 
3.95 
1.75 
6.95 
6.95 
19.50 
1.50 
2.00 
5,95 


LINEARS,  REGULATORS,  etc. 


MCT2 

.95 

8038 

3.95 

LM201AH 

.75 

LM301AH 

.25 

LM308AH 

1.00 

LM309H 

.65 

LM309K 

.90 

LM310 

1.15 

LM3HD{MinU 

,95 

LM320K5  1.65 

LM320KT2  1.65 

LM320T12  1.65 

LM320T15  1.65 

LM339  .95 

78Q5O40T-5J  1.00 

LM340T12  1.25 

LM340T-15  1.25 

LM340T-18  1.65 


LM340T-24  1.25 

LM340K-12  2.15 

LM340K-15  1.65 

LM340K-18  1,65 

LM34QK-24  1,25 

LM373  2.95 

LM380  .95 
LM709I8.14PIN)    .30 

LM711  ,45 


INTEGRATED  CIRCUITS  UNLIMITED 

7889  Clairemont  Mesa  Blvd.    •    San  Diego,  CA  92111    ■    (714)278-4394 

All  orders  shipped  prepaid  No  minimum 

Open  accounts  invited  COD  orders  accepted 

Discounts  available  at  OEM  Quantities 

California  Residents  add  6%  Sales  Tax 

24  Hour  Phone   (714)  278-4394  Master  Charge  /  BsnkAmericard 


LM723 
LM725 
LM739 
LM741 

LM747 
LM 1 307 
LM1458 
LM3900 
LM  75451 
NE555 
NE556 
NE565 
NE566 
NE567 
SN  72720 
SN  72820 


8-14 


.45 

1.95 

K50 

.25 

1.10 

1,25 
.95 
.65 
,65 
.50 

1,10 
.95 

1.75 

1,35 
.35 
.35 


19 


computer    display    terminal 

77i«  display  terminal  has  an  integral  controller  B/W  cathode  ray  rube  and  keyboard.  The  system  has  a  serial 
I/O  interface  for  communication  and  I/O  interface  for  a  printer. 


External  logic  St  power  pack  not  shown. 


DISPLAY  (P/N  4802-1095-501)  FEATURES: 

•  17"  B/W  CRT 

•  4 1  lines  of  data 

•  52  characters  per  line 

•  Characters    are    generated    by    a    diode    matrix 
''graphic"  technique 

•  21  special  push-buttons  wired  for  a  program  call  up 

•  Brightness  Control 

•  Self-contained  power  supply 

KEYBOARD  (P/N  4802-1 1 15-501 )  FEATURES 

•  Reed  switch  technology 

•  54  data  keys 

•  28  special  keys  detachable  with  cable 

LOGIC  UNIT  (P/N  4802  1157-502)  FEATURES: 

•  1 024  by  6  bit  core  memory 

•  Printer  I/O  interface 

•  Communication  I/O  interface 

POWER:  1 15V,  50/60  Hz,  500  Watts 

WEIGHT;   210  lbs.  (including  logic  unit,  keyboard, 
display  and  cables.) 


$  180.00 


FOB  LYNN  MASS  (you  pay  shipping) 
Check  with  order  please. 


4  way  cursor  control,  graphics  display. 

The  story:  These  are  unused  terminals  made  for 
airport  ticketing  &  seat  assignment.  After  several 
years  of  storage  they  require  tinkering  to  make 
operable,  We  have  some  hints  printed  such  as  cleaning 
PC  fingers.  One  of  our  customers  has  his  tied  into  his 
KIM-1 T  another  has  his  running  with  his  1MSAL  We 
have  data  on  this.  Should  be  useable  on  most 
common  computers.  A  hell  of  a  deal  and  all  for  a 
paltry  $180.00.  Don't  be  left  out  as  many  were  on 
our  pasl  VIATRON  deal.  Sold  "as  isV  all  sales  final. 

WITH  COMPLETE  DOCUMENTATION 


1 "  ■ '  ■  ■ .  ■  ■  m 


Here  is  a  real  deal  in  a  PC  module  6x5  sockets  (30). 
List  price  over  $50  each,  most  by  AUGAT  some 
pre-wired,  New,  unused,  boxed,  14  or  16  pins  5x6 
sockets.  S 1 5.00  each  or  2  foT  525,  state  your  choice 
14  or  16  pin. 


WIRE  WRAP  GUNS 

Used  wire  wrap  guns,  released  due 

to  factory  closure.  Various  mfgrs, 

some   Ingersol   Rand,   electric  or 

air. 

No  collets.  State  choice. 

Cost  over  SI 00.00  each. 

Our  price  only  $15.00  each. 


SOLAR  CELLS 

Designed  tot  the  space  program* 
these  are  the  highly  efficient  sili- 
con high  output  cells.  Used  for 
powering  equip  menu  charging 
batteries.  Made  by  ton  Physics 
Corp.  Each  with  spec  sheet. 
Size  .394  x  .788"  65  mA,  .43  V 
SL25  12/S  12.00 

Size  J88  x  J88"  1 25  mA,  .43  V 
$1,60  I2/S15.00 


shown  actual  size 


SILICON 

SOLAR 

CELL 


IC  Sockets,  while  they  last  .  .  , 
8  Pin  10/SL00 

14  Pin  10/81.25 

16  Pin  10/SLS0 

18  Pin  10/51.75 

14  Pin  IC  connector  10/51.25 


\*^ne&fwiQ, 


Pfease  &dd  shipping  cost  on  above.   Minimum  order  $10 

FREE  CATALOG  SP9  NOW  READY 

P.O.  Box  62    ,  E.  Lynn,  Massachusetts  01904 


M-2 


176 


0R1E-  TimE-SriOOES  RLRRm  £  IWJRE...  KIT  tooi 


OUR  TOP  OF  THE  LINE  KIT  FOR  THE    BUILDER  THAT  WANTS  THE  BEST.  A  TOTAL  PACKAGE,  FEATURI 

WITH  ALARM,  SNOOZE  AND  AUX.  TIMER  CIRCUS 

Will  alternate  time  (8  seconds)  and  date  (2  seconds)  or  may  be  wired  for  time  or  date  display  only, 
with  other  functions  on  demand.  Has  buitt-in  oscillator  for  battery  back-up.  A  loud  24  hour  alarm 
with  a  repeatabte  10  minute  snooze  alarm,  aiarm  set  &  timer  set  indicators.  Includes  110 
VAC/SOHz  power  pack  with  cord  and  top  quality  components  through- out, 


—  29-30-31   DAY  GALEN  I 


COMPLETE  KIT  WITH  YOUR  CHOICE  OF  DIGITAL   DISPLAYS 

KIT-7001B WITH 6 -.4" DIGITS $39,95 

KIT  -  7001 C  WITH  4  *  #'  DIGITS  €f 

2.3"  DIGITS  FOR  SECONDS 142.95 

KIT-7M1X  WITH  6    6    DIGITS *45  95 


0i?«£R IB  3 


7001  X  DISPLAY 


mmmm 


7Q01C    DISPLAY 


t\ 


7001  5  DISPLAY 


KITS  ARE  COMPLETE  (LESS  CABINET)  WITH  PC  BOARDS,  POWER  SUPPLY,  IC  &  SOCKET,  16  TRANSISTORS,  9  SWITCHES 
AND  ALL  REQUIRED  PARTS.  ALL  7001  KITSFfTCABINETI  AND  ACCEPT  [OPTIONAL!  QUARTZCRYSTAL  TIME  BASE  KIT  tf  TB-1 


E  Offil'f  LSD  CLOCK  KIT  #  B5Q*H 

12/24  HR. OPERATION  BIG  A4t  DIGITS  -50/60  HZ  OPERATION. 


T*  3    I.    I 


masiLE  LEO  CLOCK 


ea 


KITINCLUDES 

•  INSTRUCTIONS 

•QUALITY  COMPONENTS 

•50  or  60  Hz  OPERATION 

•12  or  24  HR  OPERATION 

6  LED  Readouts!  FNO-359  Red,  torn,  wihodei 
1 -MM5314  Clock  Chin  (24  pin) 
13-TrartiJttton 

3-Swilchfrs 

6- Capacitor* 

5-Diodas 

9-Rasiiiiprs 

24- Mn  lex  pins  tot  IC  sotkei 


LARGE.  41'  DIGITS? 
ORDER  KIT #850-4 
AN  INCREDIBLE  VALUE 


m$ 


I! IRIS 


»■■■!■! 
rtli » •  i 


,n 


n. 


i       QTY. 
ea.     1-5 

GTY 


Mi/ 


ea    OR  MORE 


MODEL 

#2001 


"KJI  #850-4  wflf  furnisn  a  complete  set  of  clocfc  components  as  listed. 
The  only  additional  Items  required  are  a  7-12  VAC  transformer,  a  circuit 
board  and  a  cabinet,  If  desired." 

PRINTED  CIRCUIT  BOARD  FOR  KIT   #850-4,  SCREEN  PRINTED 

DRILLED  AND  SOLDER  PLATED  FIBERGLASS $2.95 

MlNt-BRlTE  RED  LEO'S  (FOR  COLON  IN  CLOCK  DISPLAY)   Pkg.  of  5-S1.00 

MOLDED  PLUG  TRANSFORMER  115/10  VAC  (WITH  CORD) $2,50 

NOTE-  En  lire  Clock  may  be  assembled  on  one  PC  Board  qi  Bgarri  rttav  be  cut  to  remote  display, 

Kn  *  850-4  will  fit  PlexiQlas  Cabinet  II. 


JUMBO   DIGIT 
Complete     Kit 


CLOCK  KfT 
"ess     Cabinet  I 


featuring:  sjx  .tj» digits, MM&3 14  IC, 
12/24  Hi.  time,  50/60  HZ.,  Plug- 
Transformer.  Line  Cord,  Switches 
land  all  Parts.  {Ideal  Fit  in  Cabinet  111 
Kit  #5314-5  MqS5 


*19"  2/*38. 


JUMBO  DIGIT         s  9  95  pa 
CONVERSION  KIT      *"JM- 
Convert  small  digit  LED   clock  to 
large  ,5"  displays  Kit  includes  6  -  .5" 
LED's,  Multiplex  PC  Board  &  easy 
hook-up  info. 

Kit  tt  JD-1CC  For  common  Cathode 
Kit    ft  JD-1CA  for  common  Anode 


CABINET  I 

3'*H,6K"W,5r,D 

CABINET  tl 
2%"H,5"W.4"D 

ANY  SIZE' COLOR 


PLEXIGLAS 

CABINETS 

Great  for  CtocHs 
©ran^LEB  Digital 

C  tear- Red 

Chassis  serves  as 
B&iei  to  increase 
contrast  of  digital 

:  splays. 

Black,  White  or 
Clear  Cover 

$6,50  ea       2/*12. 


12  OR  24-HOUR   OPERATION 

12  VOLT  AC  or  DC  POWERED  FOR 
F.XED  OR  MOBILE  OPERATION^ 
SIX  LARGE 

j-roims! 

Approx.  Size: 
1%"Hx4"Wx4%"D 


p   I  JUMBO       A"  RED  LED'S  BEHIND  RED  FILTER  LENS  WITH  CHROME  RIM 
»  SET  TIME  FROM  FRONT  VIA  HIDDEN  SWITCHES  •  12/**>Hr.  TIME  FORMAT 

•  STYLISH  CHARCOAL  GRAY  CASE  OF  MOLDED  HIGH  TEMP.  PtASTIC 

•  BRIDGE  POWER  INPUT  CIRCUITRY  -  TWO  WIRE  NO  POLARITY  HOOK-UP 

•  OPTIONAL  CONNECTION  TO  BLANK  DISPLAY  lUiaWhtn  K«y  Off  In  C*r.  Ett-i 

•  TOP  QUALITY  PC  BOARDS  «r  COMPONENTS  ■  EXCELLENT  INSTRUCTIONS 
9    MOUNTING   BRACKET  INCLUDED 

KIT  #3001  -UN- 

COMPLETE kit    29?" 


ILmW,  BttttfrTYl 


MO  HE 


*ZPJ 


I1&  VAC 
Pewar  #*cfc 
#AC-1 


EA 


ASSEMBLED  UNITS      WIRED  &  TESTED 
OflDER  #2001  WT     (LESS  9V.  BAlTERr) 

YVIAfctJ   l-OH    »2  Hfi    O*    IF  *KJT    SPECIFIED  OTHfRWISf" 


x< 


■«*EA 


3  OR 
MORE 


A47HAH,,rtlM  Unha 

VWEA   ^  Bl  ******  Withi 
Kitm  for  Qty..  Price 


PRINTED  CIRCUIT  BOARDS  for 
CT  7001  Kits  sold  separately  with 
assembly  info,  PC  Boards  are  drilled 
Fiberglass,  solder  plated  and 
screened  with    component   layout. 

Specify  for  7001  B,CorD-$  7.S5 


TELEPHONE  FORMAT 
KEYBOARD 

BY  Chomenc5 

-*FU     5/32"  1  hick 

6/*28/ EF2136° 


25  AMP   BRIDGE 

$1,95  ea. 

3/S5.00I 

100  PIV 


REO  Oft  GREY  PLEXJGLAS  FOR   DIGITAL  BEZELS 

3"*r*i/8"  95«ea.  4/*3 


60  fttse 

52=38? 

p0^efP  TYP> 


SEE  THE  WORKS  Clock  Kit 
CI*irPI«xlglis  Stand 

Ki1#850^CP 

•GBig  .4' digits 
•12or24hr.  lime 
•3  set  switches  ( bach) 
•  Plug  Iransformer 
•imparls  included 

Plexiglass  is 
Pre-cut  S  drilled 


23  MS  Dfl 


S  7-SEG 

COMMON  CATHODE 

COLOR  HT.  DEC  PT. PR  EA 
RED 


FND-36& 
FWD-5D3 
DL-7S0 
XAN  654 
XAN-664 


A" 

RED  -5" 
RED  -6- 
GREEN -6" 

HFD      ■«" 


RHDP 
RHDP 
LHDP 


S   .96 

SI. 35 
$2.95 
51.95 
$1.96 


COMMON 

DL747      RED 
XAN-72     flEO 

MAN-72  RED 
XAN-81  V  EL  LOW 
XAW^351  GREEN 
XA*t-361  RED 
XAN-362  red 
XAM-6G2  RED 
XAINJ-692  RED 


ANODE 

6'-  LHDP  $1.95 

3"  LHDP  41.25 

3"   LHDP  51.25 

3"  RHDP  61.75 

T  ftHDP  $1.50 

3"  RHDP  $1.50 

3'-  LHDP  81,50 

6"  NDP  ?1,95 

6"  NDP  $1,95 


tCOll^P 


.1« 


tVfttji 


cailS 


Size:6"H,41^,,,Wl3"D 

A  SUPER  LOOKING 
CLOCK! 


•23" 


ea 


2/»45. 


SET  OF  6  FN  D -359 
WtTH  MULTIPLEX  PC 
BOARD     -    6,96 

Fairchild  Super  Digit 

FND-359 

.4"  ChV-   ML 

7  segm-ut  LED 

RED  Com.  Calh. 

Dired  pin 

r^plicnfwnt  tor 
pcpulai    FfiD-TC 

95/  ea,  10/S8.SQ 
1D0/S79.OO 

MOLEX 
PINS 
Fofm  Inexpensive 
Sockets 

tOCNor$t.2S 

Reel  oM  000  -58  50 


SCHOTTKY  TTL       LED  DRIVERS 

7447  $    95 

7446  95 

76491  95 

75493  66 

VOLTAGE 
REGULATORS 
LM309H  TO-5    *  •&& 
LM3G9K  TO  3      »-25 


74S00  9 
74S01 

?4S04 
74E05 
74SQ9 

74S1D  40 

74520  .50 

74S22  45 

US40  .45 

74S50  .45 

7435T  .55 

74S60  .35 

74SW  .55 

74S74  S5 

74S7&  T  75 

74S78  1.50 

74596  ,95 

74&107  ,95 

745112  .95 

745113  1.40 
74SU4  .95 

745133  .75 

745134  .75 
74S138  1.75 
743139  1.50 
74ST51  1,96 
74S1&3  1.95 

745155  1.9E 

745156  \M 

745157  T,80 

745158  2.50 
74S174  2.50 
745^75  £.50 
74S161  2.95 
74S182  1.96 
74&251  2,75 

DIGITAL 
CLOCK  IC's 

MMS3T2  $   4.95 

MM5314  3.95 
MM  5375  AB  3.95 

CT  700T  7.95 

CT-7Q02  13-95 

503«d  3  95 

MM  5369  2.50 


7805 
7&12 

7812 

731 5 

7615 

7SL15 

7624 

723 

723 


TAB 

TAB 

TO- 3 

TO-3 

TAB 

TO- 5 

TQ-3 

DIP 
TO  -5 

RROM 


1702      E  Prom  S6.95 
5203     EPforri  IB.95 
SWITCHES 

ROCKER  SPOT  6'6l. 

MIWISIJDESPDT     5:51 
REG  SLIDE  DPOT      6.$1. 
PUSH  BUTTON  N.O.I.-'*  I 

MINI        spot    ^1,30 
TOGGLE      DPDT     1.50 

IC  SOCKETS 

PIMS     1-2*      25       100 

8      !    25    9.22    S  .20 

14  25        22        20 


TRANSISTORS 


2N2222 
2N2554 
2N2712 
2W3415 
2 N 3704 
2  N  4400 
2N4125 
2N4249 
2N4437 
7  N  5027 
2  N  5457 


TO- 18 
TO-5 
TO-98 
TO-9B 
TO  92 
TO-S2 
TO-92 
TO  -92 
TO-92 
PUT 
N  J -Fat 


5/*  1.00 

5=  5 1.00 
S.'SI  00 

6r'*l  00 

S.' 5 1.00 
5.-$  1.00 

m  i  oo 

5.'  SI.  00 
2; S 1.00 
2/9 1 .00 


XTAL 

3.579545  MHZ.  $1.95 

EXAR 

XR2556  *   1-7S 

XR2567  *   1.9S 


DIODES 

IN  4002             1  A.  100  PIV  12/81.00 

IN  4005             1A,SO0PtV  11/Jl.OO 

IN  4007         1A.  1000  PIV  ioy$i.oo 

RECTIFtER  2.5AJ00OPIV  4/81.0O 

IN914           SIL.  SIGNAL  20/*  1.00 

fN4148         5IL  SrGNAL  20/$l.OO 

DYAC               28V-  4/S1.Q0 

LINEAR 

555   TIMER  2*1.00 

555    DUAL  TIMER  .95 

5m    PLL  .95 

565    FUNCTION  GEN.  1.75 

557    TONE  DECODER  1-75 

TRANSISTOR     SOCKET 
TO-5/1S  GOLD  PINS 

5  .'S  1.00 

NYLON  WIRE  TIES 

■  8"  TIE-WRAP     1Q0/S1.95 
4"  TIE- WRAP    lttVS-1.75 


MOLEX  PINS 

RE  EL  OF  1000    $  8.50 
STWPOF10Q        1.25 

PLUG 
TRANSFORMERS 

12  VAC  at  150  MA      |  2.50 
12VACat50QMA  3.50 

7VAC  at  1  75  VA      ^1.50 


OP  AMPS 

3/Sl.OO 
301  TO -I 
709    TO  5 
741   DIP 
741    M  DIP 
741    TO-5 
743    DIP 


DISCRETE 
LED's 

JUMBO  RED 


10  FOR  $t  DO 
I  CM  FOR  $9.50 


PC  TRIM 
POTS 


25K 

4  7K 


6/8-1 .00 
6' SI. 00 


SPECTHOL 
1&K10TURN 


PRESCALE 


IT  C90OC 
95H90 


ST  5. 95 
9.95 


rOf 


■<■'.. 


r-n. 


Qpy   NS80S0AD 
Micro  PrOtifiKqtr  Chip 

!£19  95  G3.  ?rimff  N&iicmaJ    LSI 
Pin  sock ei   S.5D  ^th  each  30B0AI 


:  ELECTRONICS,  INC. 


BOX  219  •  HOLLYWOOD,  FLA.  33022*  (305)  921  2056 


ORDER  BY  PHONE  OR  MAIL.  COD  ORDERS 

WELCOME,  m  -00  CHG .)  Orders  Under  $15  Add 

$1.00  Handling,  Ra,  Res,  Please  Add  4%  Sales 

Tax.  All  Prepaid  Orders  Sent  Postpaid  Within 

Continental-USA. 

OTHERS  ADD  5%,  10%   AIR  MAIL,  03 


177 


•  Aceuricy    *Ortfi%  ai  Raiding  fcl  Coum 

•  TwoVullw  FUm|»i    1  QW  V  »mf  IB9  «  mV 
»  i/O-  la  71  CHfiWfil<- 

•  Z^>  lOOtTM  tfim 

•  Aula  Pal^nlv 'ml  A|,1>< /p<u 

■  S.nfllf  *etUlff  <Ji:.\t,*n*  fttltnnof 

•  5!4n4l*d  B'5#f<t1  CMOS  OuipuU'-OriMi  Qn*  L<W¥  FtWmt 

Sehaukv  t*W 

•  UwiDnCti.p  Saturn  Clocli.w  EninulClocli 

•  Lim  favwp  Camumpt«Bfl'  1  0  mW  'v^ejI  ♦  ?5  0  V 

•  Wid»  S^ipisl>  fl  jriv,   4  || .  +  4  &  v  ip  -SB  v 

MCI 4433  SINGLE  CHIP  3$ DIGIT  A/L> 

Single  chip  combinei  linear  and  CMOS  digital  to  bring  you 
the  simplest  y«t  DVM  approach  r  Squiring  only  4  external 
oau!v«  parti,  thl*  iubtyUem  give*  you:  Auto  polarity,  auto 
lera*  ling  I*  vol  fay*  reference*  6  mW  operation,  ovefronge, 
under  range  signals  >  23  convert  ion*  par  second  and  *05%  " 
1    count   accuracy F     IQQ  uV  resolution,    24  Pin  DIP. 
MC14J33P.-. ."irhipeei*..* ......51°, 55 


I 


PLASTIC  POWCS  DEVICE  HEAT  SINKS  ^: 
Ideal  lor  TO-220  rcgulcton  and  ttor^fton.     Thermal  lay   low 
profile,   only  3/o"*  high,    3/4*X3/4-  square.     Black  onodized, 
*filn  mount  hole.  QU' J— 9.  <•>•..•**•<*»**•*><•<•*•<*<•  •>'   */#i 


Larger  unit  wjim  horizontal   fin*  for  more  coating,    kill   only 
3/B-   high  for  board  to  board  dvoranc*.   *6Q7Q-ftB,„     3/ SI 

!2  AMP  50  VOLT  BUDGE 

Motorola  MDA-Y80-1 ....... ,  .*...* ...... .,,*,,,,.   SI  .49 

2N2222  *.....***r*ltiME  PARTS 5/S1.00 


CONVERTtP/RcGULATOft  COMPONENT   SET 

Set  of  two  pom  to  build  snail  Highly  efficient  voltage 

converter /regulator.      Consist*  of  a  T ,1,   twitching  regulator 
and  o  miniature  power  inductor.      You  odd  3  ordinary  resit- 
ton  (or  pot  I   and   7   eapcchort  to  moke  a   complete  ty*tem 
which  can  be  maun  led  on  your   P.C.  board. 
3  Operating  Model; 
.Regulate*  down 
.Convert*  up  and  regulate* 
•  Convert j  negative  and  regulates 
Input;    *d,5V   to    t  12V 
Output;  Up  to   -30V 

fiown  to  -25V 
500mA  moK 

Can  be  current  limited  For  e*tra  safety. 
Use  external  dtadie  and  buffer  tromhtar  for  greater 
current  capacity . 
Ideal  for  use  with  ting  It  channel  MOS  memories,  UART5, 
microproceuortp    portable  and  aV  automobile   clock*. 
Set  of  2  porti  and  spec*  and  application  data. , ti  ,  ■  •  ♦  S9.50 


MM58o5     UNIVERSAL  TIMER  I.C, 

A  truly  universal   Timer  can  be  tned   tar  a  stopwatch,    kit- 
chen timer,   oven  timer,   event  timer/counter,    rally  timer- 

,     7  functions,   two  counters,    Internal   comparators,  on 

chip  oscillator*      Memory   for  rally  with   total  elapsed  time. 
Can  be  cotcoded— -selectable  retolut Eon —  count   up  or  dawn 

selectable  modulo  for  time  or  event  count.     Operate  on 

7  to  20  volts  at  about  7mA. 

MM joO J N...*.,,.....,....  •*##*»**»»**#•**•  ■  •  *  ■  ■    JO <r3 

Specs  and  opp  t  ■  cations  * .  •  ■  *•>*<■  *<■»*  »»».»•  t  *  *  *  •  *  ■  #  »  »  • *     quc 


MIL  RANGE  5V  REGULATOR, 

Want  a  little  better  performance  From  your  5V  lupply? 
LM140K  in  TO -3  ftatn  contract  cancellation  brfngi  you 
a  superior   part   at   the  price  of  plait ic  regulator* 


LM1889  TV  VIDEO  MODULATOR 

The  IM1S9°  ii  designed  to  interface  audio,   color  difference, 

and  luminance  ugnoU  to  the  antenna  terminal*  of  o  TV  rw- 

ceive**     It  comtiti  of  o  laund  wbcorrier  oscillator,,,   chroma 

xubcorrier  ctcitlator,   quadrature  chroma  modglcton,  arid  R.F 

OKillafan  and  aiodulatari  for  two  low-VHF  channeli. 

The  LM1&89  aJlowi  video  information  tram  VTR:'it  games, 

teit  equipment,  or  itmilar  tourcet  to  be  displayed  on  black 

and  white  or  color  TV  receiver*. 

LMl88v  wirh  16  panen  of  data   %9„*$t     data  only,    Si  .00 


^ 

i  v  » 


aca?  dQadoo 


^ 


^%1SL 


Soys 


I'm  one  year  old  thii  month  gain1  on  two  -  the 
folia  at  Tri-Tek  will   be  bringing  you  full  growed 
values  in  electronic  parti  and  the  latest  in  book* 
and  data* 
They've  been  doln  it   for   sax  years   r»aw— -— 


C0S-MPC5 


BACK/ 


77777 


B   Element  DIP  Switch  with  big  hondlei*      Fit*   16  pin  DIP 
sockets.      Right   for  those  on  board  program*. 

U  I  J— PAjvJB  T   .    r...    ....    ■•■|MHMIMI|l)lll>Mii<i'lif  I 


DATA  BOOKS  BY   NATIONAL   SEMICONDUCTOR 

DIGITAL.     Cavers   TTL,    DTL,    Tri-Stote,  etc. 1  +  S3.95 

LINEAR.     Covers  ampliflen^    pre-ampi,    op^omp*. . .  S4.25 
LINEAR  APPLICATIONS  VOLUME  I.     Doiem  of 
application  notes  and  technical  brief*  covering  the 
use  of  ap-amps,    regulator!,   phase  locked   loop!  and 

Q  UQ  I  £1     •DrTipS  ■ieeaieefee-4-eeeeeee-Bei    leeeeeei  *«■>«■    ■     jpJ  ■*  +  -J 

LINEAR  APPLICATIONS  VOLUME  II.     Take*  up  whore 
Volume   I    left  you — All   the   latest   linear  device*, 
Along  with  Vat  I  you  hove  a  great  source  of  opp* 
Jication  data  on  the  most  widely  used  devices  a*  well 

cts   new   types   [uit  appear! ng ..... . T .....  $3*  25 

CMOS     Caret,    Flip   Flop*,   regEiten,    etc,  .,.,,.*  S3, 00 


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Use  famous  and  very  popular  1802  I*  here  again  offer  o 
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processor which  sold  out  c*s  our  first  altering. 
Special   AMP'L  ANNY  birthday  price  of  S2°,95  for  the 
month  of  APRIL  only  El 

COP1B02., »*^..  »*•„+«« ,..*SW.°3 

CDP1852.„ Parallel  adopter ST5.95 

>•  ur  i  d/  I  il  u  ■•..-•■.*v***^v*>  *■».*>». *. •,.«,.  ac  e ,  o* 

CDPia22SCFX .125.80 

CDP1824CD. ., . .  ^ ,....„..„..  S13.35 


LIPLITE" 

COMIINITIDN  IEKS  ttO 

MDimimc  DEVtCt  (01 

I  I h  LEI 

REQUIRES 

NO  TOOLS 


SNAP  CI  I? LITE 


VOLTAGE  REGULATORS.      A  must   for  onyone  making 
a  power  supply.      Complete  theory   Including  tromfbrm- 
era,    nitefi,   heat  links.,    regulators  etc., ..,,.»,, .  S3. 00 
M£MQRY_.   Infa  on  MOS  ond  Bipolar  memoriet,    RAMS 
ROMS.    PROMS  ond  decoder  /encoder*  ..*„,...,, .    S3.°5 
INTERFACE.   Cover*  aeripherot  driver*,    level   irons- 
loron,    line  driver/receiver*,   memory  and  dock  driven, 
sense  amps,   display  dHver  and  opto^couplen . . .  * .    $3.95 
SPECIAL  FUNCTIONS  DATA  6QpK.     Contains  de- 
lailed  information  for  ipeci  tying  and  applying  special 
amplifier*,   buffers,    clock  driven,   analog  twitch**  and 

D/A-A/D   converter    product***  »  *•*#«  »*•**»  »#*»•      S3.  25 

AUDIO  KANDftOOH:     Contoim  detailed  diicunJo«f 

rtiCul 


tNSSHT   £FD 

AVAILABLE  IN  TRANSPARENT  RFD-CREFN    AK6ER    CLEAR  e  ULLOW 

CLIPUTE 

Combination   lens  and  mounting  device   for  T   1-3/4   LEDi 
The  CLIPLUE  combine!  the  benefit!  of  the  preaent  LEO 
display  panel   mounting   method!  and  eliminates  thdr  def- 
iciencies. Requires  no  special   tools  and   installs   In  6  second* 
in   .250"  hole.     Simple  two-step   Installation.      Jmt  snap 
CLlPLITf,   insert  LED*     Available  in  transparent  red,  green* 
amber,    clear  and  yellow.      Specify   coiorj,   any  mb<- 

VjUOO^IO/Si.90f   20/S3*5O,   50/^.50,   100^ 

30V  DIAC,      Tiny  glass   diode   for   triggering  SCft'i   and 
trfacs.      Improve  your  firing  circuit  for  more  reliable  and 
repeatoble  operation*.      At  □  fraction  of  the  O.E.M, 
price !  I       Dl A-0030 . ... _*..,, ...*.*,*.  L0/SI 


MINIATURE  POWER  SUPPLY 

5V,    -25Aj    P.C.   mounting  module  lupotSes  logic 
valioge  horn  705-1 25VAC  input,  5CMODHZ.  Ultra- 
stable  and  noise   rree  with  evtemal  trim  capability. 
Mod*  by  PMC,  (Model  MM-5BL1 S15.95 


including    complete   design   particular*,    covering    many 
areas  of  audio  with  real  world  design  example*,,,    S3. 25 
SPECIAL 

DATA  ftQQKSHB*F.      Buy  o(t  tan  of  the   National   Data 

book*  at  one  time  and  save   S5J0|H„, ..$30*00 

All  books  shipped  ppd  in  US  only,      foreign  orderi 
please  odd  chipping  For   1.5  lbs  per  book) 


LINEAR  CONTSOL  DATA  SOC 

T,l,   linear  products  data  and  applications* 

shipping  charge,   U*S.   only. 

Outside  U.S.,  add  pastape  far  2  lbs. 


■ ItSievetf |#ti#tl 


Price  Includes 
U.25 


NEW  BOOK  FROM  NATIONAL 

MOS  LSI,      Giant  data  book  filled  with  Specs  and  oops 
an  large  scale  MOS  circuits  from  Notional    Semiconductor 
Corporation. Price  includes  shipping   in  U,S,  only...  S*. 25 
Outside  U.S.,  odd  postage  far  2  lbs. 


tRi-tek,  i 

6522  nomh  *3Rfc  Avenue, 
CtenOMe  aoizona  e^soi 


We  pay  wthft*  ihiapina  on  alt  orders  over  $10  US,    $15  foreign  in  US  funds. 
Please    add  extra   for  'in'   dot*  or  air  mail.    Excess  will  be  refunded.    Orders 
under   S10J    add   SI   handling.    Please  add   50c   insurance.   Master   charge!  and 
tank  America  cards  welcome,    ($20  minimum 'i.    Telephone  orders  may  be  placed 
10AM  to  5:30PM  doily*  Man  thru  Fri.     Call  602-931-4528.   Check  reader 
service  Card  or  *and  stomp  for  our  latest  flyers  packed  with  new  and  turpi m 
electronic  components t 


T1 


The  SUPER  COMPACT 

$13.95  Complete 


6  DIGIT  LED  MOBILE 

Clock  Kit  &  Elapsed  Timer 


.r  led 


12  Or  21  Hi 


Includes:  All  Paris  PC  Board 

Power  Supply  £  Case 

Color*  Black,  $i\m<  or  Gold 
Size  4  75"i  IS"  i  14" 
Material  Extruded  Alum 


OPTION  —  Temperature  fnd  front  Panel  —  $300 


BIG-BRIGHT  -  .5"  LEO  ALARM  CLOCK 

6  DIGIT  AC  or  DC  or  ELAPSED  TIMER  KIT 


$19.95    Complete 


•  PC  Board  Drilled  A  Silk  Screened  (includes  Xtal  Time  Base  Circuitry) 

•  5375  Nat  Clock  Chfp  &  Fairchild  Displays 

•  Includes  EVERY  part  required  for  clock  and  all  options  except  Cabinet 
and  Crystal  Time  Base  components,  if  desired,  see  below, 

■  Bnghtness  Control  •  24  Hr.  Alarm  w/snooze 

•  Freeze  feat  on  every  mode  •  0-60  Mm  Elapsed  Timer 

•  Field  Tested  over  1  Yr.  *  12  Hr,  60  Hz  oper 

Host  Important  —  Complete  Instructions,  schematics  Pictorials,  layouts 

—  everything  tor  trouble  free  assembly 

OPTION  —  XTAL  Time  Base  Componerrts   $2.95  *Jien  purchased  w/clock 


Clock  Kit  Accessories 

Wooden  Cast  ■  tfalftul  fr.  tncl   Filter 
Dimension    6  5/16"  W  *  2  9/16"  H  i  3  7/16"  0  p§*  Material) 

Pleiiflais  Cast  (Ch.  -  Bl  ,  Whit*,  Blue.  &  Smoke)  mcl.  Filter 
D^eraons  ■  5  13/16'  W  i  ?  1/4"  H  i  5  3/S,f  D  ft  Material) 

Individual  Filters  ■  Red.  Smoke.  Blue.  Amber  and  Green 


U00  each 

S3  00  each 

$.60  each 


60  Hz.  Crystal  Time  Base 

For:  Cars,  Boats  Campers,  Field  Use 

$4.95  compute 

KIT  INCLUDES:  PC  Board  Drilled  &  Silk  Screened 

Crystal.  MOS  17  Stage  Divider  IC>  all  necessary  components,  Inst  Sheets  &  Specs 

FEATURES: 

•  60  Hz  output       •  Low  Power  Dram       *  Accuracy 

*  Small  Size        *  Direct  interface  with  all  MOS  Clock  Chips 


AC/ DC    ALARM  Clock  Kit  •  12/24  Hr. 


$7  50 


quantities 
of  I  S 


$6.50 


Qua  nifties  of 
6  4  up 


•  Your  choice  of  Display  Colors  -  Red.  Green.  Blue.  Amber 

•  Displays  Hrs  A  Mm     Switch  to  Mm  &  Sees  on  Command 

•  AM/PM  Indication  •  Field  Tested  tor  6  months 

The  kit  will  include  a  5316  National  Clock  Chip,  4  Flourescent  Display  tubes 
all  electronic  components  switches,  controls  &  complete  instructions,  specs, 
etc  lor  ctock  and  all  optional  Features  Other  parts  required  or  if  desired  are 
as  follows 

•  PC  Board  Drilled  &  Silk  Screened  for  Clock  &  all  options  S3  00 

•  X former  (for  AC  oper  |  -  $1  00         App  (SCR  output]  timer  kit  —  $2  00 

•  Speaker  Alarm  Kit  —  $2  00  Count  Dp*n  (turn  off)  timer  kit  —  $2  00 


Kit  McMn: 


Blinky/Flasher/Timing  Kit 
$2.50  each  5  for  $10.00 


PC  Board  555  Timer,  all  components  and  a  connector  tor  a  9V  Battery 


A"  Digits         1?  or  24  Hr. 

Quartz  Crystal  Controlled 

12  Volt  DC  or  AC  operation 


■  Protection  from  noise 
&  High  Impulses 

•  Display  Blanking  Capability 

•  Battery  Back-Up  Capability 


■  Sue  4"  i  \h  *  i 

•  Rugged  Hagti  Impact  ABS 

•  Recessed  front  Switch 


$27,95  Complete 

(less  9V  barterY) 


OPTION  -  AC  Adaptor  $2  50 


%\% 


OA*S 


THE  BIG  ONE 

.8"  LED  Alarm  Clock  Kit 


B 


*^» 


r 


'-IB' BE 


m,mammmm 


$17.95  ea. 


Includes: 

PC  Board,  Clock  Chip,  Switches 

Fairchild  .8"  Display  Module 

xistors,  resistors,  capacitors, 

Complete  Instructions 


Features: 

■  Hrs  &  Min  Switch 
to  Mm  &  Sec  on  Command 

•  12  Hr     24  Hr  Alarni 

•  10  Mm.  Snooze 

*  AM/PM  Indicators 

*  Steep  Output 


SPECIALS 


S080A  Microprocessor    $19.95  ea, 

21L02-1  Low  Power  500NS  RAM    $1,95  ea. 

.6"  Display  Common  Anode  or  Cathode .  *  $1-95  ea. 

.5"  Fairchifd  Display  Com.  Anode  or  Cathode   79*  ea. 

(Same  as  FTK  0001  &  FTK  0002) 
.8"  3:4  Digit  Display  Module  (Same  as  FTK  0010) .....,-.  $5.40 

LM34QT  Series  R«s    5.  6,  12,  15  &  24  V  [pes  I    #otvtM  W**        79C   ^ 

LM309K    5  Volt  Regulator    Raylheon  79* 
LM741  Op  Amp  14  Pin  Dip  Pkg                                                         4  tor  99« 

2N3055  NPN  Transistor  TO  3  Pkg  S9* 

2N4904  PNP  (complement  to  2N3055|  69* 

25  Amp    200  Volt  Full  Wave  Bridge  $1  49 

10  Pk    220  Power  Tib  Kistors  NPN  &  PNP  Asst  $1  49 

15  Pk    LED  s  Assorted  Sizes  and  Colors  $1  49 

Bt  Polar  LEO    Red/ Green  SI  00 


6  Digit  LED  Stop-Watch  Kit 

Split  Time  $29.95  Complete  Taylor  Time 


FEATURES 

•  Simple  construct  ion  needing  only  the  parts  lasted  below 

•  Small  enough  for  hand  held  case         *  Needs  only  3  AA  cell  batteries 

KIT  INCLUDES 

•  Latest  Technology  Intersil  Mos  C*.p  *  7205 

•  32768  WH*  Crystal  •  Variable  Trimmer  Cap 

•  2  mtm  slide  I  3  MOM  PS  Switches 

•  3  pairs  16  digits}  Double  Digit  LEO  Displays 
P  C  BOARD  tor  above 


Hand  held  case  designed  for  above 


$3  95 


H0BB-Y-TR0NIX,  INC 

Box  51 1.  Edison,  N.J.  08817 


Orders  must  incl  Ch.  -  No  COD  s  -  Add  J I  00  handling  for  orders  under  $25  00 
Outside  Cont  USA  add  5%  Postage  -  10S  Air  Mail  -  4 J.  resid.  add  5%  Ta*  H1<| 


179 


SIX  DIGIT 


MINI-KITS 


12/24  HOUR 


CLOCK  KIT 


^  A  ^«  W  W 


Transmit    up    to   300'  to 
^*^  any   FM   radio.  Sensitive 

^  rmka  input  requires  dy- 
namic, crystal  or  ceramic  mike,  Runs 
On  3  to  9  volts. 


FM  WIRELESS 
MIKE  KIT 

FM-l      $2.95 


MODEL  DC-5 


ThO  best  looking,  most  complete  kit  on  the  market! 
Features  include:  Time  set  pushbuttons,  jumbo  .4"  readouts,  Polaroid 
lens  fitter,  line  cord  transformer,  super  quality  PC  boards  and  durable  extruded 
aluminum  base  in  5  colors.  All  parts  are  included  which  make  this  kit  the  best  value 
anywhere.  Super  instructions  reduce  assembly  time  to  only  1-2  hours.  Fully  guaranteed. 
Colors   available:   gold,   silver,    bronze,    blue   and    black   (specify). 


MOBILE  VERSION,   .01%    accuracy,    12VDC,   DC-7 

ALARM   CLOCK,   12   HR  only,   DC-8 

TIME  BASE  KIT,  use  with  any  60Hz  clock  


^-'llliW-IH4lliiirrr-  — Mrili)>M.||  IH4^Hl*'-"ii'r^ 


iiiniii^ili4^iiikii J"M444l1IIMiri44H4hll- 


IMIIIIiiHkl-l-l-i->i'i-H-H4-l-!-<-!-l-H-H  + 


$25-95 
524.95 
%  4.95 


CALENDAR-ALARM-CLOCK 

6  digit  LED     12/24  Hour 


Has  every  feature  one  could  ever  ask  for.  Kit  in- 
cludes everything  except  case,  build  it  into  wall, 
station  or  even  car! 


CHEAP 


8 


FEATURES: 

•  6  Digits,  .5"  High  LED 

•  Calendar  shows  mo. /day 

•  True  24  Hour  Alarm 


12/24  Hour  Format 

Snooze  button 

7001  chip  does  all  1 1 


*   Battery  back  up  with  built  in  on  chip  time  base 

Complete  Kit,  less  case,  DC-9  (34,95 


FEATURES:  DC- 

•  12/24  Hour  format 

•  6  digits,  .4"  high  LED 

•  Time   set   buttons 

•  Instructions 

•  PC  board  &  transformer 
not  included 


beard,  etched  &  drilled 
Tra informer,  lug  type 
Transformer  Hue  cord 


$2-95 
^1,49 

$1.98 


30  WATT   pLMX 

The  famous  RE  class  C  power  amp  now 
available  mail  order!  Four  Walts  in  for  30 
Watt*  oul.  2  in  for  15  ot*tt  1  in  for  8  out. 
Incredible  value  complete  with  all  pads, 
instructions  and  details  on  1  R  relay.  Fully 
Mable,  output  short  proof,  infinite  VSWR 
protected!    Case   not    included. 

Complete  Kit  $22.95 


Complete  Kit 


600  MHz  PRESCALER 

*P  3  *7  •  *?  9 

assembled   and 

tested.  Extend 
the  range  of 
your  counter  to 
600  MHz.  Works  with 

most  counters.   Available   in    kit  form   for 
$44+§5.  Specify  -:*1Q  or  -:-100  with  order. 


COMING  SOON: 

VIDEO  TERMINAL  KIT 


SEND  STAMP  FOR  DETAILS 


741  OP-AMP  SPECIAL 


Factory  prime  mini  dip  with  both 
Xerox  and  741  part  numbers 


10  for  $2.00 


LINEAR       REGULATOR       TRANSISTORS 


74500 

74S112 

7447 

7473 

7475 

7490A 

7414J 


.35 
.75 
.79 

35 

.50 

35 

3.50 


555 

556 
567 
1458 


JO 

.75 

1.75 
65 


LED  DRIVER 

75491  JO 

75492  50 


309K 

309H 

340K-12 

7Wr5 

7SI2 

7815 

7S18 


.99  HPH  2N3904  type  10/S1.0Q 

.99  PfJP  2N3906  type  10/51. 00 

.99  NPN  Power  Tab  40W  3/S1.00 

.99  PHP  Paw  Tab  40W  3/ 51. 00 

,99  FET  MPF-102  type  3/52.00 

.99  UJT  2N2646  type  3/52.00 

.99  2N3055  NPN   Power  +75 


TONE  DECODER  KIT 

A  complete  tone  decoder  on  a  single  PC 
Board.  Features:  400  to  5000  Hi  adjust- 
able frequency  range,  voltage  regulation. 
567  IC*  Useful  for  touch-tone  decoding, 
tone  burst  detection,  FSK  demod.  sig- 
naling, and  many  other  uses.  Use  7  for 
12  button  touchtone  decoding.  Runs  on 
5  to  12  volts. 


Complete  Kit,  TD-1 


1    ■  1   I    I  1   I  ■     ■  Ml  1  ■ I 


$4.95 


LED 
BLINKY  KIT 

A  great  attention  get- 
ter which  alternately 
flashes  2  jumbo  LEDs. 
Use  for  name  badges, 
buttons  or  warning  type 
panel   lights. 

Complete  Kit,  BL-1   . 


$2.95 


SUPER-SNOOP  AMPLIFIER 

A  super-sensitrve  amplifier  which  will 
pick  up  a  pin  drop  at  15  feeti  Great  for 
monitoring  baby's  room  or  as  a  general 
purpose  test  amplifier.  Full  2  watts  of 
output,  runs  on  6  to  12  volts,  uses  any 
type  of  mike.  Requires  8-45  ohm  speaker. 

Complete  Kit,  BN-9  $4.95 


MUSIC  LIGHTS  KIT 

See  music  come  alive!  3  different  lights 
flicker  with  music  or  voice.  One  light  for 
lows,  one  for  the  mid-range  and  one  for 
the  highs.  Each  channel  individually  ad- 
justable, and  drives  up  to  300  watts. 
Great  for  parties,  band  music,  nite  clubs 
and    more. 

Complete  Kit,  ML4  , $7.95 


SIREN  KIT 

Produces  upward  and  downward  wall 
characteristic  of  police  siren.  ZOOmw 
audio  output,  runs  on  3-9  volts,  uses  8  45 
ohm    speaker. 


Complete  Kitr  SM-3 


$2.95 


DIODES:      1KV,  2-5A„_5/SI.OO  100V,  1A 10/$1.00  1(4914   type 50/$2.00  Complete   Kit    CKM 


CODE  OSCILLATOR  KIT 

Powerful  1  watt  audio  oscillator  of  appro*. 
1  kHz,  good  for  many  us«s,  Great  for 
warning  alarm,  battery  checker,  voltage 
indicator   and   code  oscillator. 


LED   READOUTS:  Com,    Anode   -5*    FND    510 $L25    Com, 

Polaroid  Filter,  red  1425"  x  4.25-   _    $.59 


Cath    ,4"    FND   359. 
DL33  3  digit  .1* 


FEftRITE  BEADS  with  info  4.  specs.        15/ SI. 00 
6  hole   Baiun    Beads  ^^TT^^^,....  5/$ LOO 

SLIDE  POT  -  10K  linear  - ..,„.. „  4/$l.Q0 


lOOOuf  15V  FILTER  CAP 


■  *■  ■- 


S/$L0O 


SOCKETS 


14  PIN 
16  PIN 
24  PIN 

40  PIN 


5/S1.00 
5/fl-0G 
2/$1.00 
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REGULATED 
CB,  POWER  SUPPLY  KIT 

13.8  Volts  D,C.  &2  Amps 
or  10  to  24  VDC  £  2  Amps 


Here's  an  easy  to  build  kit.  destgned  to 
give  maximum  RF  output  to  your  CB 
Can  be  built  to  deliver  13,8  volts  DC  reg 
u  la  led  (2A)  for  mobile  CBY  or  switch 
ed  over  to  give  10  to  24  volts  DC  (2Aj 
regulated,  to  be  used  as  a  lab  bench:  sup 
ply  Kit  includes  all  parts  and  instruc 
lions  to  put  together  this  versatile  power 
supply,  case  not  included. 

Qualify  !0  expensive1  SM  88 

Sh  Wr    10  Lbs.     .  6C60498  .  .    S14  88 
3  for  38  98.  .  .     6C6G4&S  S39S873 


0  to  24  VDC,  5  A 

POWER  SUPPLY  KIT 


This   power  supply  or  battery  charger 
kit  should  be  useful  to  have  around  the 
house  or  shop      Easy  to  build,  complete 
kit    includes  a  D   to  40  volt  autotrans 
former   |VariacrK  24  volt  5  amp  trans 
former,  bridge  rectifier,  filter  cap,,  and 
everything   else   you    need   to  build   this 
hefty   power  supply  (case  not  supplied). 
Complete  with  instructions. 
Sh  Wt    12  Lbs.     -  6C60462     „    S14.50 
3  for  $38.88    .  .    6C6Q462  530  B8/3 


ALSO:    A  simple  DC  volt/amp  melet  kti 
to  go  wish  the  above  power  supplies    In 
eludes  movement,  resistors  and  irrstruc- 
ttons.      Lay  out  the  faceplate  and  you 
have  a  nice  meter  to  go  with  the  supply 
Sh  Wt    Boa,  6C60463  S2.00 


DRINK  MIXER 
KIT 


INPUT/OUTPUT  TERMINAL 


A   great  place  to  start   for  building  a 
microprocessor      These  units  were  part 
Of  a  corniest  computer  system    The  term 
mal  contains:  keyboard,  CRT    drive  cir- 
cuits,   ASCII    output:   and  a  complete 
128  page  technical  manual  with  operat 
mg  and  repair   instructions,  which  makes 
it  easv  to  modify  the  terminal  for  your 
applications       (Character    generator  Was 
part  of  a  separate  control  section  which 
it  not   supplied.      The   terminal  can  he 
used  when  modified  using  character  gen 
erator  LSI  chips,  such  as  the  2513,  2516 
or  other  such  IC's}. 

The  keyboard  is  a  50  key  alpha-numer- 
ic   (and    olhersl    block    keyboard,   with 
ASCII  output      Display  capacity  is  768 
(12  lines  of  134),  384.  256.  128  and  so 
on,  depending  on  character  si?e  desired 
The  character  size  may  be  adjusted  from 
approximately  typewriter  sire  up  lo  V! 
The  viewing  screen  of  the  CRT  utilise* 
a  high  contrast,  low  persistence,  emerald 
green  phosphor,     Each  character  is  com 
posed  from  a  5  *  7  dot  pattern,  register 
mq   clearly    and    sharply   against    a   dark 
background.     Controls  provided  include 
on/off;  brightness,  focus;  and  character 
height 

Great  as  a  microprocessor  input  &  out 
put  device.  The  display  stations  are  used, 
removed     from    airline    reservation    svs 
terns,    hotef    reservation    systems,    stock 
exchanges,  etc .  Sh  Wt    35  Lbs, 

6NB60336  ...  S49  50 

2fof$95  00        6NB60336        S95.0Q/2 
4  for  SI 80  00  ,  .  6NB60336      SI 80  00  4 


Alvl-FM  STEREO  RECtEVER 
and  AMP  CHASSIS,  by  PHiLCO 


A  real  old-fashioned  type  like  the  kind 
at  the  local  drug  store  back  in  the  lOSQ's, 
■except  that  these  are  brand  new  parts, 
! Through  a  lucky  purchase  we  have  ob- 
tained some  new  parts  of  a  drink  miner, 
It  Is  complete  but  for  the  top  cover,  but 
lyou  can  make  your  own  or  operate  with 
J  out  it  Evidently  the  manufacturer  sold 
this  line  out  to  another  and  the  tops  got 
libit  Now  you  can  build  up  a  $20,00  mix 
|er  lor  under  $5.00,  Kids  love  'em,  order 
| one  today!  Kit  includes  motor,  mixer, 
i screws,  stand,  line  cord,  switch,  and  16  or 
Iminercun,  5h,Wt    5  Lbs. 

7M370053 $4.88 

ALSO  Spare  Mixer  Cup  for  above. 
Sh  Wt.  Bog,       7M370O54  .     SOSQea 


CONFERENCE 
CALLER  KIT 


Phon*  not  trtclut 


Unique  kit  of  parts  allows  you  to  con- 
nect up  to  5  tines  through  switching  and 
a  special  transformer,  Unit  will  allow  you 
to  engage  as  many  as  5  persons  no 

no  matter  where  they  are  ...  m  the  same 
conversation  just  by  dialing  a  number  and 
I  lipping  a  switch  It's  that  simple,  that 
quick,  The  "Conference  Caller"  can  be 
attached  to  any  multiple  line  telephone. 
There  is  no  additional  outside  power  re 
Quired"  and  no  interference  with  normal 
phone     service  Case     not     supplied. 

Kit      includes     a     special     transformer, 
twitches,    cable,    solid    state   parts   and 
you    supply    the  case.      Complete  with 
instructions  and  data 
Sh,Wt    0  Lbs  7C7D043  S18  88 


New  surplus  solid  state  chassis  with 
push-pull  power  tab  transistor  power  on 
the  audio  output  amplifier  Has  a  stereo 
"bull's  eye"  on  the  tuning  needle  that 
lights  up  when  a  stereo  station  is  tuned 
in.  Has  provisions  tor  a  4  speaker  system 
built-in,  with  RCA  type  jacks  for  front 
and  rear  speakers  (L&Ri,  plus  cables  with 
plugs  for  phono  and  tape  inputs  Push 
button  switches  are  used  to  select  phono, 
tap*.  AM  and  F  M.  Unit  has  slide  controls 
for  volume,  balance,  base  and  treble. 
Complete  with  knobs,  dial  face  (marked 
and  nkim mated  with  AM  &  FM  scales) 
and  line  cord.  Looks  good  for  custom 
building  a  stereo  console,  mounting  in 
to  a  wall  or  whatever  Alt  it  needs  n  a 
case,  and  at  our  low  once  these  Philco 
stereos  will  not  last  long*  St/e  15V  x 
5"  high  x  4%*'  deep  Just  add  2  (or  4) 
speakers  for  fine  stereo  Itstening. 

SPECIAL  PRICE  for 73  READERS' 
Sh  Wt    7  Lbs.  ,  .  .6ZB0213.         $29  80 
3  for  $80  00  6Z6021 3  S80  00/3 


POSTAGE:  Please  add  sufficient  funds 
for  postage  and  insurance  Shipping 
weight  for  merchandise  is  listed  at  the 
end  of  each  product  description.  All 
shipping  is  from  Peabody,  Ma.  0T960. 
Mass  Residents  Add  5%  Sales  Tax, 

For  "AS  IS"  items:  All  sales  f inalp 
no  returns  please. 

SEND  FOR  OUR  FREE  CATALOG? 

Or,  receive  our  catalog  in 

an  order  and  insure  yourself 

of  a  place  on  our  mailing  htt 


CCTV    COSMICAR  "EE" 
T«V.  LENSES 


New  surplus  lenses  made  by  Cosmtcar 
for  Mali  It's  a  super  lens  with  fully 
automatic  diaphragm  which  opens  by  an 
electric  eye  control  These  lenses  main 
tain  image  luminance  of  1001 X  against 
subject  brightness  EV  from  It  to  17 
(1500,  960001 X}  f/14.  focal  length 
25mm,,  fully  automatic  diaphram,  £E 
acceptance  angle  ■  30°,  EE  response  time 
is  less  than  4  seconds  "C"  lens  mount. 
List  price  was  S3 00  00.  Sh.  Wt  4  or 
7VL70044  Special  73  Reader  Price  only 
S1 50.00 


COLOR  TV 

CHASSIS 


Ol 


We  have  found  some  2,000  TV  chassis' 
that  got  damaged  in  a  train  derailment, 
These  are  the  very  same  types  of  chassis' 
we  have  been  selling  the  TS  951  and  the 
TS  953  We  have  sold  over  2.000  of  the 
perfect  chassis  and  now  we  have  a  quan- 
tity that  do  not  measure  up  to  our  high 
standards.  They  have  craved  PC  boards, 
bent  frames,  etc.,  but  they  are  worth  3 
times  as  much  for  the  fantastic  parts  See 
last  month's  ad  in  73  if  you  need  more 
details  SoW  "AS  IS ".  13"  and  IS"  in- 
clude tuners  and  controls. 
13"  Chassis  7DZ70O59  S22  50  ea 
$b  W|.  12  Lbs.  ea  10  for  £198  00 

15"  Chassis  .  .  7DZ70060        $22  50ea. 
Sh   Wt     12  Lbs.  ea  10  tor  $198  00 

17"  Chassis  7OZ70O61  $14  88 

Sh  Wt.   10  Lbs.  ea  10  for  SI 28  88 

t9"  Chassis  7DZ70061  S14  88 

Sh  Wt.   10  Lbs.  ea,  10  tor  S 1 29 .50 


DIVERT- 
ACALL 


This  unique  phone  TTe vice  will  take  an 
Incoming  call,  redial  a  new  number  and 
diverts  the  call  to  the  new  number  This 
Is  set  into  the  di verier  by  means  of 
thumbwheel  switches,  List  price  for  this 
fantastic  device  is  $400.00,  yours  here 
and  now  for  Si 50.00,  These  are  sold 
J'A5  IS",  and  include  the  mfg,  shemaiii::, 
They  all  look  complete,  but  have  not 
been  checked  out  Qty.  Ltd. 
Sh  Wt.   20  Lbs        7PH70055       $150  00 


LOGIC  AND  OP  AMP 
POWER  SUPPLY 


This  regulated  power  supply  Has  out- 
puts of  ±15  volts  at  0  25  amps  and  *5 
volts  at  2.5  amps,  with  an  input  of  115 
VAC  Manufactured  by  a  computer 
company  as  part  of  a  phone  dati  terrm 
net.  Three  (31  723s  MCs)  are  used  for 
voltage  regulation,  Units  have  barrier 
strip  outputs,  and  are  Open  frame  Size: 
5"  *  9s'  n  T\  New  surplus.  Qty,  Ltd, 
Sh  Wt  5  Lbs  6MI60215      .    S17  50 

3  for  S4&00.  .     6MI60215         5-15.000 


PHONE  ORDERS  WELCOME  I 
Bank  Am  erica  rd.  Master  Charge  and 

American  Express  Accepted 
Phone:  (617)  531  5774  /  532-2323 
S10  00  Minimum  on  Charge  Orders 

B&F  ENTERPRISES 

119  FOSTER  STREET 

PEABODY,  NIA. 

01960 

(617)  531-5774  /  $32  2323 


MODERN 

STANDARD 

TELEPHONES 

A  complete,  factory  rebuilt,  modern  tel 
ephone  ready  for  instant  use.  Available 
in  black,  white,  beige,  pink,  red,  green 
and  blue.  Ideal  as  an  extra  phone,  for  use 
on  intercoms,  private  systems,  extensions, 
etc.  Easy  2  wire  hook-up  Phones  in- 
clude hand  set,  induction  coil,  and  cable, 
but  no  ringers.  Many  tvpes  and  styles  to 
choose  from.  When  specifying  i  color, 
please  give  3  choices  in  order  of  prefer- 
ence. Spec  sheets  with  wiring  diagrams 
are  included,  not  detectable  Phones  may 
vary  slightly  from  photo,     Sh.  Wt,  8  Lbs. 

{Cati  Director  10  line  phone  ■  15  Lbs) 
t  Standard  Desk  Diet  Phone 

Slack,  Desk  Dial  .     6VL6044Q  .  , St 2,50 
Color,  Desk  Dial  ,  .  6VL60441  ,    S1750 

t  Standard  Wall  Dial  Phony 

Black.  Wall  Dial    ,    6VL6Q442.     .$12,50 
Color.  Wall  DiaL  .    6VL60443.  .  .$17  50 
t       2  Line  Standard  Dejk  Dial  Phone 
This  phone  has  a  twist  key  to  switch  in 
2  lines  over  the  same  phone,  plus  a  hold 
position.  Available  only  in  black. 
Black,  2  Line  ,  ,  .  6V60448 .  ,  ,  ,524,50 

t       "Call  Director"  Office  Desk  Phone 
This  dial  phone  handles  10  lines,  and  has 
hold  and  intercom  buttons 

Color,  Call  Director    .6V60449.    $49.50 


TOUCH-TONE 

RECEIVER  BOARDS 


Two  card  set  of  boards  for  detecting 
high  group  and  low  group  m  dual-tone  de- 
coding. Unit  seperates  the  low  and  high 
frequencies  comprising  each  lone  pair  and 
converts  them  into  DC  signals  List  price 
on  board  sets  is  over  $200,00  Yours  for 
£29  95,  because  we  don't  have  schematics 
at  this  time  and  board  edge  fingers  have 
been  cut  off,  When  schematics  become 
available  price  will  reach  £69,50  These 
boards  are  sold  "AS  IS",  you  decipher. 

Qty.  Ltd Sh.Wt.   10  Lbs. 

7N370052 $29,50/set 


POCKET  PHONES 


ING  SAMPLES 

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a 

£ 


Now  ...  a  cordless  extension  lor  your 
telephone.  This  special  unit  allows  you 
to  send  and  recieve  over  your  phone 
with  a  C.B  radio  at  a  separate  location, 
using  channel  14  Have  your  phone  *l 
ways  within  easy  reach  These  bask  units 
are  engineering  samples,  a  tore-runner  to 
these  more  expensive  cordless  extension 
phones  Our  untts  pick  up  the  phone  re- 
ceiver when  a  call  comes  in  and  signals, 
over  your  C.B,  that  you  have  a  call,  and 
then  you  may  send  and  receive  the  call. 
We  have  not  been  able  to  have  the  unit 
hang  up  the  phone  receiver  through  the 
CB  set,  but  it  is  probably  possible  to 
rig  something  up  At  present,  you  have' 
to  return  to  the  phone  to  hang  up  after 
the  call  is  completed  Sold  "AS  IS", 
list  price  of  £ 7 50 .00,  yours  for  only 
$69  B9  each.  Sh.Wt,  20  Lbs. 
Phone  not  included. 
^PH /0063 ,$B9.BB 


WAAftftftAAAftrt*iVWWSr\^^iVywWWVWVWWWWW^A*MdVWWWVWl 


182 


TTL  SPECIALS 


74H 10  Dual  4  input  Buffer , $  .20 

7490  Decade  Counter m ...... ,49 

745175  Quad  Flip  Flop  with  dear > 99 

74283  4  Bit  Binary  Adder .  „ 99 


2W  round,  8  0 hms 

2W  round  speaker,  100  Ohms 

Speco  miniature  replacement  speakers  from  1"  to  3!4"r 
Brand  New  GE  Stereo  Tape  Amplifier  Board  with  all 

Watts  12  V  ac  supply  limited 

Mono  Amplifier  Board  1  control    ....••....*, 

6  foot  black  or  brown  zip  cord  and  plug 

RG174  100  foot  coil 

234"  round  sp^ker,  8  Ohms 

VHF  Ferrite  Beads ,.,.,. , ...... 

Ham  &  CB  Slide  Mounts  with  lock  and  coax  connectors 
2  Amp  Bridge  Rectifier,  200  Volt 

2  Amp  Bridge  Rectifier,  600  Volt 

3  Amp  Bridge  Rectifier,  200  Voit 
Ultrasonic  Transducer  23  MHz  . . 
T50  MFD  50  Volt  Electrolytic  Capacitor 
.047  Ceramic  Radial  Capacitor  400  Volt 


•  *  *  * « *  ♦ 


*  *  •  * 


*  *  <  * 


* .  *  # » * 


******** 


LOO 

1.10 

SASE  for  list, 
components  4 

3.50 

2  25 
35 

6.50 

75 

. ..  15  for  1.00 

i     *****    w      1    U  i  CJ  J 

50 

1.25 

BE 

.....  4.50 

TO 

w    w     m     w     w     m     ■  *— '  *>  * 

20 


RF  DEVICES 


2N3375  3W  400  MHz 35,50 

2N3&68  1W  400  MHz 1.15 

2N5589  3W  175  MHz 4.75 

2N5&9D  1QW  175  MHz 7.80 

2N5531  25W  175  MHz 10.95 

2SC517 3M 


*  ■  *  * 


2SCU26 

2N6080  4W175MHi  . 
ZNSQ8I  15W175MHZ 
2N6082  2SW175MHZ 
2NSOa3  30W  175  MHz 
2N 6084  40W  175  MH? 


¥  »  *  *  * 


■   .  .   ■  p 


.  1.25 
.5.40 
.3.45 
10.95 
12  30 
16.30 


2SC1306 4.30 

2SC1307 5.25 

2N2876 special  10.95 


ZENERS 


1N74S  to  1N759 400  Mw  . . .  ea.  .25 

!N4728to  1N47G4  . .  1  watt  28 

1 M5333  to  1N5378  ,  .5  watt .2,10 

1 N2970  la  1N3005  , .  10  watt 2.40 

1  M3305  to  1N3340  .  .  50  watt 4.75 


8080A  Nationaf  CPU  ,, 

MPSA14 

2N3055  tf... 

MPF102FET. ....... 

2N3904ar2N39Q6  ... 
2N5496or2N6108  ... 
ft*JE340<2N5655)^.. 

40€73  RCA  FET 

741  or  709U Pin  DIP.. 

555 Timer 

556  Dual  555. 

200  Volt  25  Amp  Bridge 
1HS14-1N414B  ....... 

!kW1N60-1N64   

CA  3028  Dif.  Amp    .... 

4060  CMOS . 

LM309KVoltReq  , 
M J3055 

531 3  Dock  Chip  .. 

531 4  Clock  Chip  .  . 
5316  Clock  Chip  .. 
2NB1Q3  ... 


*  ■  *  -  - 


*     4-    ■      m      m 


.15 
.10 


■  >  -  - 


1  t         i.         L         ■        t        *       *..        I 


»     ■     -     *     V     + 


4      H      4       I-     +      ■■     *      +      * 


LM3Q9or741  Min  DIP  Op  Amp 

LM741CET0SOpArr>p    

14  or  16  Pin  IC  Sockets 


S19.95 

. . .  ,90 

. . .  .55 

■      a      m     .i  mL.  J 

. . .  .70 
I  10 
..1+55 
....25 
...J5 
..1.75 
.,1.50 
for  ,99 
lor  .99 
..1.50 
..2.00 
.110 
. .  2.20 
. .  3.95 
4.50 
*  4,95 
■ » .  >o9 

. . .  .45 


30 


.001  Pacer  Cap.  192P10292  200  WVDC  .  .18 
12.8  kHz  Crystal  in  TO  5  Can  .......  4,95 


Slide  Pots  Tapered  1  K  or  15  K  ,  S  .50 
Egg  Insulators  . 45 


2N918    95 


2N221S   ,  .  ... 

45 

2N2219A 

. .  .40 

£.  IV  £.  i  Z.  *£r*\     ......     .    . 

.  .30 

ilȣ  JO  J           t**-*+T--- 

.  .20 

2N2483   .  ,.« 

...  .34 

2N2484    . 

45 

*■■  '  ™  4b>  *M*f\r  v         ■*    m    m    m    mj     »••*■■ 

.     -  Vl] 

2N2907   .... 

,  ,25 

2N2926G 
2N2926Y 

2N3053  . 
2N3390  . 


2* 
24 
50 

J  5 


2M3439 159 

2N3440 .60J 

2N3512   .  . 1,151 

2N3553 1  40| 

2N3565   , , .  .  21 

2N3584    30 

2N363SA .37 

2N3646   27 

2IM3713    , 1,35 

2N3725A 1.80 

2N3771    2.50 


ALDELCO  COMPUTER  CENTER  NOW  OPEN 

Kits,  Books,  Boards,  Magazines.  Special  2102LI  8  for 
$17.50.  8080A  CPU  Chip  $29.95.  We  stock  OK  Battery 
Operated  Wire  Tool  S34.95,  OK  Hand  Wire  Wrapped 
Tool  $5.95.  7400  ICs  CMOS,  Timers  PLL's  IC  Sockets. 
All  kinds  of  transistors,  rectifiers  and  diodes.  Plus  other 
electronic  parts. 

HOURS:  MONDAY  TO  SATURDAY,  9:30-5:00 
OPEN  WEDNESDAY  UNTIL  9  PM  (516)  378  4555.       t 

We  quote  on  any  device  at  any  quantity*  Add  5%  for 
shipping*  Minimum  order  $6,00*  Out  of  USA  send 
certified  check  or  money  order,  include  shipping  costs. 


Special  50  Foot  Spool  #30  wirewrapl  Ohmite   5    Watt    4K    Ohm   Resistors 
$1.98,  White,  bluer  red  or  yeNow.  #4639f  S.20  each,  Box  of  10,  $1.75. 


I2N3772 

2N3773 

2N3859 

2N3903 

2N390S 

I2N3924 

2N3926 

[2N4041 

2N4249 

'2N4401 

2N4402 

2N4403 

I2N4409 

I2N4427 

2N4429 

2N4888 
2N5016 
2N5090 
2N5129 
2N5179 
2N5641 
2N5642 
2N5643 
2N5913 


*■        F       + 


>        m        *        ■ 


♦         *.■-. 


.  2.25 

-  4J5 
...29 

-  ,  .20 

.25 

1  80 

.  6  30 

.  7.80 

..  .25 

.2* 

.25 

1  35 
765 
.  50 

17.60 
7.50 

.,  .40 

.  .90 

5.40 

10,25 

14,35 

1.70 


HEAVY  DUTY  RECTIFIERS 


•«.«.«, 


. . .  S8.50 
. . .  12,50 
10  tor  ,99 
....235 
35 


200  Volt  100  Amp  DOS 

200  Volt  250  Amp  009........... 

1000  Volt  2  Amp  Silicon  Rectifier  RCA 
10,000  Volt  Silicon  Rectifier  Erie  65  mA 
600  Vol!  3  Amp  Rectifier 


DISCRETE  LEDS 


Jumbo  Reds,  long  or  short  bulb .  .Star  $1.00 

Jumbo  Orange,  Gfeen;  Clear  Red  or  Green  —  .5 far  $1.00 

209  Set m,  Gresn,  Orange,  Yellow  or  fled  5  for  $1.00 

RL2  or  Micro  fled 5  for  S1,00 

Holding  Clip  for  Jumbo  LEDs  ....  .  — 10 


DISPLAY  LEDS 


FND70  .3 -S1.35 

FNQ  359  Common  Cathode  3 SOS 

FNO  503  Common  CainorJe  .5 -  -  -  L75 

FMD  500  Common  Cathode  .5 1.75 

FND  507  Common  Anode  .5  ..«.,.., 1.75 

FNO  359  -3   -1-35 

MAM  5  Green  21 1.45 

DL  707  Common  Caihode  Double  Digit        .5 ,  2,75 

DL  747  Common  Anode  .6   , 2,25 

We  have  Wire  Wrap  Sockets  and  Wire  Wrap  Wire  -  50  feel     SL98. 


STOPWATCH  KIT  Operates  on 
3AA  Batteries.  Includes.  Crystal 
Switches  7205  Mos  Chip  St  LED 

Displayed S29.95 

PC  Board  for  above 3.95 

Stopwatch  Hand  Case    . 3.9S 

CLOCK  CABINETS  Beautiful 
wood  simulated  walnut  grain  S3  95 
Plexiglass  in  Blue,  White,  Black  or 
Smoked $2  95 

SIX  DIGIT  AUTO  OR  BOAT 
CLOCK  KIT,  Has  a  beautiful  char- 
coal grey  molded  high  tempera tura 
plastic  case  with  chrome  rim. 
Dimensions  are  13&"  high  by  4" 
wide  by  4V?"  deep,  0.4  LEDs  dis- 
play hours,  minutes  and  seconds. 
Works  on  12  Volts  AC  and  DC  Pius 
automatic  switching  to  0  Volt  bat- 
tery for  power  failures.  Battery 
{not  supplied)  fits  in  case.  Provliiofl 
for  blanking  display  LEDs  for  out 
of  car  or  boat  use.  Adjustable 
Crystal  Time  Base  included,  as  well 


as  mobile  mounting  bracket.  Kit 
only  —  $29.95.  Wired  and  tested  — 
$39.95,  Power  Pak  for  1 10  Volt  AC 
-  S2S5. 

NOW  NEW  IMPROVED  DIGI- 
TAL ALARM  CLOCK  KIT  Hours 
■  Umutes  *  Seconds  displayed  on 
six  8IG  0.5  Fairchild  7  Segment 
Display  LEDS  1 2-  hour  format 
24-hour  alarm  with  snooze  fea* 
lure,  plus  clasped  time  indicator 
and  freeze  feature.  Eight  pages  of 
pictorials  artd  instructions.  NEW 
onboard  power  transformer 
and    circuitry    for    optional    time 

base $19.99 

60  Cycle  time  base  kit  for  dc  use 
in  automobile  or  for  battery 
operation $4.95 

12  OR  24  HOUR  CLOCK  KIT. 
Comes  with  Big  0.5  Seven  Segment 
LEDs.  Uses  National  5314  Clock 
Chip.  Fits  our  Walnut  Grain  or 
Plexiglas   Cabinets.   ONLY    $18.95 


ALDELCO     2281  BABYL0N  TURNPIKE,  MERRICK  NY  11566 

516-378-4555 


A2 


183 


S.D.  SALES  CO*  poB°x288i°-o    dallas.texas  75228 


JUMBO  LED  CAR  CLOCK 


$16.95 


KIT 


Alarm  Option  -  Si, 50 
ACXFMR  -S1.50 


THE  HOTTEST  SELLING  KIT  WE  EVER  PRODUCED! 
You  requested  it!  Our  first  D.C*  operated  clock  kit.  Professionally 
engineered  from  scratch.  Not  a  makeshift  kluge  as  sold  by  others. 

Features;  . 

A.     Bowmar  Jumbo  —.5  inch  LED  array.  CV^^^t 

MOSTEK  -  50250  -  Super  Clock  Chip,  *T\Sf  ^cP^** 

On  board  precision  crystal  time  base*         qqO  ^    rktAt^    r  \ 
1 2  or  24  Hr.  Real  Time  Format,  S&t qU^^^O^  * 

Perfect  for  cars,  boats,  vans,  etc.  ^  rt 

P.C.  Board  and  alt  parts  (less  case)  included. 


B, 
C. 

D. 
E. 
F. 


&t 


THIS  MONTH'S  SPECIALS 


AMD  -  8080A 
Z-80  CPU 
82S129  1K  PROM 


SI  4,95 

49.95 

2.50 


60  HZ  CRYSTAL  TIME  BASE 
S,D.  SALES  EXCLUSIVE! 

$5.95  ea.  ^q.oQ 

KIT  FEATURES: 

A.  60HZ  output  with  accuracy  comparable  to  a  digi- 
tal watch. 

B.  Directly  interfaces  with  all  MOS  clock  chips. 

C.  Super      low      power      consumption      (1.5 

D.  Uses  latest  MOS  17  stage  divider  \C. 

E.  Eliminates    forever    the    problem    of    AC    line    glitches. 

F.  Perfect  for  cars,  boats,  campers,  or  even  for  port- 
able clocks  at  ham  field  days. 

G.  Small  size;  can  be  used  in  existing  enclosures. 
Kit  includes  Crystal,  Driver  fC,  PC  board,  plus  all  necessary 
parts  and  specs.  At  last  count  —  over  20,000  sold! 


1702A  2K  EPROM 
We  tell  It  like  It  Is.  We  could  have  said 
these  were  factory  new,  but  here  is  the 
straight  scoop,  We  bought  a  load  of 
new  computer  gear  that  contained 
a  quantity  of  1702  A's  In  sockets.  We 
carefully  removed  the  parts,  verified 
their  quality,  and  are  offering  them 
on  one  heck  of  a  deal.  First  come, 
first  served.  Satisfaction  guaranteed! 
U.V.  Eraseable,  $6,g5  ea  4/$25 


MA      typ .} 


1000  MFD 

Filter  Caps 

Rated  35  WVOC 
Upright  style 

with  PC  leads. 
Most  popular 
value  for  hobby- 
ists. Compare  at 
up  to  $1.19  ea, 
from  franchise 
type  electronic 
parts  stores.  S.D. 
Special  4/$i. 


Slide  Switch 

Assort  mem 

Our  best  seller. 
Includes  mini- 
ature and  stan- 
dard sizes;  sin- 
gle and  multi- 
position  units. 
All  new,  first 
name  brand.  Try 
one  package  and 
you'll  reorder 
morel        Special 

12/S1.00 


A 


RESISTOR 

ASSORTMENT 
V*W    5%    &    10% 
PC  leads.  A  good 
mix     of     values. 

200/S2. 


UP  YOURCOMPUTERI 

21L02-1  IK  LOW  POWER  500  NS 

STATIC  RAM    Time  Is  of  the  essence! 

And  so  is  power.  Not  only  are  our 
RAM's  faster  than  a  speeding  bullet 
but  they  are  now  very  low  power. 
We  are  pleased  to  offer  prime  new 
21L02—  1  low  power  and  super  fast 
RAM's,  Allows  you  to  STRETCH 
your  power  supply  farther  and  at  the 
same    time    keep    the    waft    light    off. 

8  for  $12.95 


**  n,  rtr-  S*D*  SALES  EXCLUSIVE 

$12.95     MOS  6  DIGIT  UP-DOWN  COUNTER   $12.95 

40  PIN  DIP,  Everything  you  ever  wanted  In  a  counter  chip. 
Features:  Direct  LED  segment  drive,  single  power  supply  {12 
VQC  TYPE.),  six  decades  up/down,  pre-loadable  counter, 
separate  ore-loadable  compare  register  with  compare  out- 
put, BCD  and  seven  segment  outputs,  internal  scan  oscilla- 
tor, CMOS  compatible,  leading  zero  blanking,  1MH2,  count 
Input  frequency.  Very  limited  quantity!  WITH  DATA  SHEET 


7400— 19c  7411— 29c 
74LS0O—  49c  7413— 50c 
7402— 19c  7416— 69c 
74LS02— 49c  7420— 19c 
7404— 19c  7430— 19c 
74L04-29C  7432-34c 
74S04^44c 
74L504-49C 
7406— 29c 
7408— 19c 
7410—  19c 


7437— 39c 
7438— 39c 
7440— 19c 

7447— 85c 
7448— 85c 


7451— 19c 
7453— 19c 
7473— 39c 
7474— 35c 
74LS74-59C 
7475— 69c 
7476— 35c 
7480— 49c 
7483— 95c 
7485— 95C 
7486— 45c 


7490— 65c        74153— 75c 
74LS90— 95c  74154-1.00 


TTL  INTEGRATED  CIRCUITS 


7492— 75c 
7493— 69c 
7495— 75C 
7496— 89c 
74121-38C 
74123-65C 
74132-1.70 
74S 138-1 .95 
74141-75C 


74157-75C 
74161— 95c 
74164-1.10 
74165-1.10 
74174— 95c 
74181-2-50 
74191-1.25 
74192*1.25 
74193-1.00 
74195— €9c 


PC.  LEAD 

DIODES 

1N414S/1N914 

100/$  2.00 

1N4002-1A. 

100  PIV   40/$l. 


HEAVY  DUTY 

Full  Wave  Brid 
25  AMP  50 

$1.25 


ge 

PIV 


Disc  Cap 
Assortment 

PC  leads.  At 
least  10  different 
values.  Includes 
.001,  .01,  .05, 
plus  other  stan- 
dard values,  _^ 
60/$  1.00  *2£) 


$9.95 


KIT 


P,C.  Board  -  3,00 
ACXFMR  -1.50 

Do  not  Confuse  with  Non-Alarm 

kits  sold  by  our  competition! 

Eliminate  the  hassle  — 

avoid  the  53141 


SIX  DIGIT  ALARM  CLOCK  KIT 
We  made  a  fantastic  kit  even  better.  Redesigned  to  take  advantage  of  the 
latest  advances  in  LC,  clock  technology.  Features;  Litronix  Dual  Y2" 
displays,  Mostek  50250  super  clock  chip,  single  I.C.  segment  driver,  SCR 
digit  drivers.  Greatly  simplified  construction.  More  reliable  and  easier  to 
build.  Kit  includes  all  necessary  parts  {except  case),  P.C.B,  or  XFMR 
optional,  NEW!  WITH  JUMBO  LED  READOUTS! 


Motorola  SCR 

2N4443.     8     AMP     400     PJV, 
P.C.Leeds  3/Sl, 


FAIRCHILD    T8A641 

4W.  Audio  power  Amp.  Jutt 
out!  In  special  neat  sink 
DIP,     One     super     audio     IC. 

$1.50  with  data 


FN D  359  -Led  Readout 

A  IN.  Common  Cathode, 
High  effeciency.  Has  FND- 
70  PIN  OUT.  59c 


OUR  CATALOG 

It  chocked  full  of  rare  parts 

bargains,  deals,  RAM  or  CPU 

kits,  plus  much  more.   Yours 

FREEI 


PRICES     SHOWN     SUBJECT 

TO  CHANGE  WITHOUT 

NOTICE. 


$15.95 


COMPUTER  POWER  SUPPLY 

A  very  fortunate  purchase.  One  of  the  best  industrial  quality  REG- 
ULATED supplies  we  have  seen.  High  performance,  small  sue. 
Input  is  120  VAC  BO  HZ.  Has  the  following  regulated  outputs: 
-5VDC@800MA;  ^15VDC  &  1,25  AMP;  -2SVDC  #  180  MA. 
Sold  at  a  fraction  of  original  cost.  Do  yourself  a  favor  and  order 
NOW,  We  expect  a  quick  sellout. 


NEXT  MONTH: 
S.D.  will  have  music  for  your  ears,  Watch  our  ads. 


For  your  Imsai  or  Altair  8080  Computer: 
Z-80  CPU  Kit  -  $149,  4K  Low  Power  Ram  Kit  -  $89.95 


Terms:  Money  hack  guarantee. 
No  COD.  Texas  residents  add 
5%  sales  tax.  Add  5%  of  order 
for  postage  8c  handling.  Or- 
ders  under  $10.  add  75c. 
Foreign  orders:  US  funds 
only! 


Call  your  Bankamerieard  or 
Master  Charge  order  in  on  our 
continental  United  States 
toll  free  Watts: 

1-800-527-3460 

Texas  Residents  Call  Collect: 

214/27 1-0022 


Special  Thanks  to; 

Dennis,  Fred,  Abe,  Bill,  Sam, 

Hal,    Tom,    Alex,   John,   Ely, 

and  Larry 


S.D.  SALES  CO. 
P.O.  BOX  28810© 
Dallas,  Texas  75228 


ORDERS  OVER  $15.00  -  CHOOSE  $7.00  FREE  MERCHANDISE 


S2 


(Toll  Free) 

CALL 

HAM  RADIO  CENTER 

$T.  LOUIS 

FOR   NEW  AND   USED  AMATEUR   RADIO   EQUIPMENT 
MASTER-CHARGE  '  BANKAMERICARD 

TRADE  QN.  NEW  OR   USED 


Hours  9  A.M.  -  5  PM.  (Central) 


Closed  Sun.  &  Mon 


THE  HAM-KEY 


NOW  5  MODELS 


Iambic  circuit  for  squeeze  keying. 

Self  completing  dots  &  dashes 

Dot  memory. 

Battery  operated  with  provision  for 

external   power. 

Built-in  side-tone  monitor. 

Speed.  Volume,  tone  &  weight  controls. 

Grid-block  or  direct  keying. 

Use  with  external  paddle  such  as  HK-1, 


NEW 

MODEL  HK-5 

ELECTRONIC   KEYER 

$69.95 


MODEL  HK-1 
$29.95 


MODEL  HK-3 


$16.95 


•  Dual  lever  squeeze  paddle. 

•  Use  with  HK-5  or  any  electronic  keyer, 

•  Heavy  base  with  non-slip  rubber  feet, 

•  Paddies  reversible  for  wide  or  close  finger  spacing, 


*  Deluxe  straight   key, 

*  Heavy  base,  no  need  to  attach  to  desk. 

*  Velvet  smooth   action. 


MODEL  HK-2 
$19.95 


MODEL  HK-4 
$44.95 


Same  as  HK»1,  less  base  for  those 

who  wish  to  incorporate  in  their  own  Keyer 


-   Combination  HK-1   &  HK-3  on 
same  base. 


Available  from  your  local  dealer  or  order  direct. 

HAM  RADIO  CENTER,  INC. 


8340-42  OLIVE   BLVD.   •   P.  0.   BOX  28271    ■   ST,   LOUIS,   MO,  63132 


H2 


135 


RADIO  HUT 

Money  back  quaraniee.  NO  COO'S,  Texas  residents 
add  5%  tax.  Add  5%  of  order  for  postage  and  hand- 
ling. Orders  under  $15.00  add  75 4.  Foreign  orders: 
U.S.  Fonda  ONLY! 

For  your  convenience,  call  your  Bankamertcard  or 
Master  Charge  orders  in  our  Toll  Free  Watt  Line: 
1*800^527-2304.   Texas  residents  call  collect: 
1-214-271-8423, 

P.  O.  Box  64783S.  Dallas,  Texas  75206 


TTL  BOARDS 

Memorex  computer  boards  with  IC's,  diodes 

transistor,  etc,  S  boards  containing  100—200 
ICY  ONLY  $4.25. 


PLASMA  DISCHARGE  DISPLAY 
1 2  digit  display  ,4"  character 

Specs,  included  ,79  each 

POWER  SUPPLY  for  above  display 

Complete  with  instructions         $3,25  each 


POWER  SUPPLY  KIT 

input  voltage:  25V  man.  Output  current:  1 
amp  max.   Load  regulation  50m V.   Uses  220 
cm  regulators.  Does  not  include  the  trans- 
former, Specify  either  +6V,  +8V,  -M2V, 
-5Vor  -12V  regulator.    ONLY  S  3,50  6a. 


LM309K 

LM324 

LM3B0  IS  pint 

LM30O  114  pin! 

LM3900 

LM710 

LM711 

LM723 

LM748 


LINEAR* 

AO 

,76 

1.00 

35 


NE5SS 
NE556 
NE565 
NE566 
NE567 
1468 


.45 

.95 

95 
1.10 

.49 


.26 
40 

.25 


RCA  3043       .95 
754§1  ,30 

75432  .40 


TRANSISTORS  -  DIODES 

2M2222  6/1 .00 

2N2369  6/1.00 

2N2905  4/1.00 

2N29Q7  15/1,00 

2N3055  .75 

2N3707  6/1 .00 

2N3904  6/1 ,00 

2N3906  6/1 ,00 

2N4400  6/1 .00 

2N4443   SCR  .59 

RCA  200  V   116WNPN  .95 

1N4004  15/1,00 

1N4007  10/1 .00 

1N4148  20/1.00 

*  House  numbered  and  P.C.  Lead 


TTL 


7400 

7401 

7402 

7403 

74H04 

7404 

7406 

7408 

7400 

7410 

7411 

7413 

7420 

7421 

7423 

7425 

7426 

7427 

7430 

7432 

7437 

7436 

7440 

7442 

7443 

7444 

7447 
7448 
7450 
7451 
7453 
7454 
7470 
7472 


J  7 

,17 
J  7 

.17 

,26 
.1 ; 
.25 
.17 
.17 
J  7 


45 
17 

35 
.27 


.17 

25 

JO 

35 

35 

17 

JB0 

JO 

65 

M 

31 

81 

.20 

.17 

17 

1? 

35 

21 


7473 

7474 

7475 

7476 

7480 

7463 

7465 

7466 

7490 

7491 

7492 

7493 

7494 

7495 

7496 

74100 

74121 

74123 

74125 

74141 

74145 

74151 

74153 

74154 

74161 

74163 

74164 

74174 

7*175 

74160 

74181 
74191 

74192 

74193 

74195 


.21 
35 
.55 
35 
,45 
.76 
.69 
35 
.71 

71 
,71 
JB7 
SO 
.71 
.85 
SB 
31 
61 

.71 

97 

.71 

61 

Jfl7 

j91 

1  05 

IjOS 

51 

1,40 

76 

2-25 

1.20 

1J0 

95 

65 


POSITIVE  VOLTAGE  REGULATORS 

LM340-6  LM340-15 

LM340-8  LM340-18 

LM340-1 2  LM340-24 

To  220  case.  Your  choice     ,85  ea. 
NEGATIVE  REGULATORS 

7905  7912  7915 

To  220  case.  Your  choice    .85  ea. 

FINNED  HEATSINK 

for  above  regulators 

2-1/2"  Wide 
ONLY    '  ,40  each 


2^3/4"  Hioh 
1 "  Depth 


COLOR  ORGAN 
60  wart  color  organ.  Completely  self  con- 
tained unft  with  1 20V  power  cord    inducted. 

S  2.00  each 


MK    5005 
4  digit  counter/latch  decoder;    7  segment 

output  only. 

24  pin  dip  with  specs. 

S  9.50  each 


WATERGATE  SPECIAL:  Telephone 
relay  automatically  starts  and  stops 
tape  recorder.  No  batteries  required. 
KIT  COMPLETE  wan  all  parts— drilled 
PC  board  and  case $10.95 


5V  POWER  SUPPLY— 5  volt,  1  amp 
regulated  power  supply  kit  for  all  your 
TTL  supply  requirements. 
FEATURES:  line  regulation  .005% 
Load  regulation  50mV  Kit  includes 
all  components,  PC  Board,  Trans* 
former,  Fuse  and  Pilot  Light. 
Nothing  else  to  buy  I $  6.50 


60  HZ  CRYSTAL  TIME  BASE— This 
60  Hz  crystal  time-base  enables  MOS 
Clock  circuit  to  operate  from  a  DC 
power  source  ideal  for  car.  camper, 
van,  boat,  etc. 

■6C  Hz  output  w<th  an  accuracy  oi  O05%  |typ.) 
■Low  power  consumption  2,5mA  ftyp.) 
■Small  size  will  in  most  any  enclosure 
•Single  MOS  IC  oscillator/divider  chip 
•5-15  volts  DC  operation  only  S5.95 

2  for  $10.00 


LOW  POWER   SCHOTTY 


74LS0O 
74LS02 
74LS04 
74LS08 
74LS10 
74LS11 
74LS20 
74LS21 
74LS22 
74LS27 
74LS30 
74LS32 
74LS37 
74LS38 


.25 

.25 

,30 

.25 

.25 

.32 

.31 

33 

33 

.30 

31 

33 

.40 

35 


74LS74 

74LS90 

74LS132 

74 LSI 38 

74LS139 

74LS155 

74  LSI  57 

74LS162 

74LS163 

74LS175 

74LS193 

74L3258 

74LS367 

74LS368 


.49 

,85 

.90 

.89 

,89 

.90 

1.00 

1.39 

1.39 

1.09 

1,09 

1,09 

70 

.70 


ORDER  BY  PHONE,  Charge  your  order 
to  Bankamericard  or  Master  Charge. 
Use  Our  Toll  Free  Watts 

1-800-5272304  rh 


READOUTS 

C.C.  .59 

C.C.  2f50 

3fc  digits  4.95 

*TI  6  digit  array  3  for  1 .00 

•LIMITED  QUANTITY 


"FND7Q  .4" 

FND800       .8" 
FCS8000      .8" 


REPEAT  OF  SALE 

12  Hour  Basic  Clock  Kit  Includes: 

•FCSS000    2%  digit      ,8"  characters 
•FCM7010  Direct  Drive  Radio  Alarm 

Clock  Chip 
*1  Case  (Punched  for  readout) 
ALL  THIS  ONLY  $9.50.  Specs  inducted 
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Transforms r  for  above  $1 .00 

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•Case  included 

ONLY  S  9.95 

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PC  BOARDS 

4  digit  PC  Board  for  FND800  or  807  2,50 

6  digit  PC  Board  for  FND800  or  807  3,50 

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6  digit  PC  Board  for  DL707  2.00 

4  digit   PC  Board  for  FND503  or  510  2.00 

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6  digit  PC  Board  for  DL727  or  72S  3.00 

4  digit  PC  Board  for  FND359  or  70  1 .75 
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CD4000 
CD4001 
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CD40Q7 

CD4009 
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CD401 1 
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CD4021 
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.16 
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39 
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30 
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39 
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2.30 
.99 


CD4040 

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1.00 
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.35 
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.90 
SO 

1.00 
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1.00 
JBB 
30 
.16 
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.39 
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.50 
,85 
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.85 


186 


(ma) 


§ 


4* 


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a 

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36*9  2  T>:tte  in*«nle*7  <>*  IDO.OOfl 
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39TO  9  pri«.    Wp^^f^jf^So 

147 1  *  You  cm,  tme     a«i  *&•»  T«» 

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Factory     rsturtta     —  '  sur.] 
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t 


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CELLS 

10  for  $1.98 

A*9L    f3E   in'**.   CDS    type*. 
Mliert    by    tvvUiry,    |1>jt    lot 
for  u*   to   iaparatii.    100% 
sood.  Cat  No.  4A10B2 


variety 
A      4ralai 


BARREL  KIT;tl< 
LFTRONICS   LED   '-£ 
READOUTS 

10  forSl.981 

el«-». 
pie*,    ai 

No.  4421B1 


BARREL  HIT  ;7J 

TRANSISTOR 

ELECTROS 

SO  for  $1.98 

We  doft'l  wuA  la  eepaia:* 
wide  aaat  roliaaiea  A  raJda* 
UP  to  800  rut.  Cat    4A2747 


BARREL  KIT      54 


25 


BARREL  KIT 
METAL  CAN 
TRANSISTORS 

100  for  $1.98 

bclaoae   TO-*.    TO- 1,    TO 
1 1+  etc..  aaaorted  2N  nans 
F**eat  eajfa*f ked  vtc, 
Cji.H.    4AJ&03  i  Ktrtted. 


BARREL  KIT  :il       jTi 
POWER  TAB  X'O 

TRANSISTORS 

40  for 

$1.98 

MTN.    illaatkc    TO310 

Aeaortad    2N   numbers . 
Ho    44  3431    i  ntceien 


ARREL  KIT  .-20 
LONO  LEAD  I 

100  for 
$1.98 

"AurLiOB  '■■  PriiTi*. 

aiaiaed     oalr      Lodb     leade. 
7994  100%    btooc 


BARREL  HIT  21 
VOLUME  CONTROL 

BONANZAI 

30  for      k! 
$1.98   i»o% 

Smilra^     ritialBt     iw\w\f     <ai 

raiae*,   Mivtr*.   We;  ouee  

■mall   «n-H.  C*t  No.  4A2421 


[BARREL  KIT  ^35 
NEON  LAMPS 

30  for 

$1.98    1C0  ft  food. 

Famous  !S'K ' «!:  ■  All  pritac. 
but  faclurr  me  tie  million, 
and  fterr.red  "am.  Vc>ir  ad- 
vinmif     Cat.No     4A2613 


BARREL  KIT  £lt 
DIPPED  MYLAR 


60  for  $1.98 


FiOarOt  r.M&mf.it  tufm  fTpilr. 

hhxaf    fin,  ih     ItnafiD.    f^c-lo^ 

rr  da»ti-"va   *•*■    tp.  ttmjr.i^- 

C*i-hot  4A?597l0fJ%   rood 


■   ii   — 

OWERSI   POWERS       j#s  DIGIT  I  EADOUTS 

$1 .98 
100  for 

L*±jt«     >lietrLhL|tnr      cleaned 
hrm»«.      Iin.rr.lii     of     poster 
reitdlur»  3  tu  7  w*.Un. 
Cat.  No    4417  24 


BARREL  KIT  :  7  1 
CAPACITOR  SPEC 

lOO  pes. 
$1.98 

Bisaaa.  eaoWoaa,  pkitkt, 
ceramict.  di.ee.  ale.  Nlftr 
10««3oodCat  N.    4A37  3S 


r> 


BARREL  KIT  £31 
METALLIC  irtfTlV 

RESISTORS      \|EL»f 

100  for  $1.98 

MiFir     mu.llr     bf     Cuitvinf, 
the     ntitu     re*  i  *!  u>f     m»ilr 
MujiUj    Vi    walteti     1  ■"•■     c .. 
5  *      toL     A     a     bartel     of 
value..    Cat.  N*.       4A16Ȥ 


10  for  ffiixuttTf 
$1.98 f 

BiinE»Lii  ii f  *  M retime!  AIL 
we  K'tt  wa.  I  barrel  —  the 
"blLedor  dicH"  lypae.  Mutti- 
plixed.      Cat.  No.     4fl^72i 


BARREL  HIT   :* 
"4000"  RECTIFIERS 

100  for  «»- 

$1.98  fnt  tiled. 

iMOOn     earpa.     Mar     ia- 

r\ ,.!..    an     --(\     loo     2oo, 

400.    QOO     HOO    end    1900 
vohfe*.     4A2417 


BARREL  KIT    I 

1N4L4I    «I4 
SWITCHING    DIODES 

10O  for  $1.98 

Inuw     wnvui     *  wii  rhont 

B*q4tB 

Cat-Nt, 


ml    tb.«* 
4A2419 


Cat*rted_ 


:^»^ 


BARREL  KIT  „ 
PREFORMED 
RESISTORS    J* 

20O  for  $1.98 

M  v    a"l    oarit-i         i     'i    aji-d" 
rtm      for      0c      u.r  , 
100      '  t.  "   wiiteii. 

No.    44  2609  100%   good 


BARREL  MIT  :2 

LINEAR  OR  AMPS, 

»ips  75  for 
$1.98 

Hmj-  letlbde  TOO'i,  741  "a, 
799-*,  190  aofie*.  9A9  14- 
clodee  442416 

HFBBBBB*e^BBBBBBBBBR 


4f 


k;t  .-4o 

RNP  HIGH-POWER 
TRANS1STOI 

20  for 
$1.98 

Popular      BermenJutiq      T0-i 
4A  191  It tOO'S  good 


BARREL  KIT     J  7 
PREFORMED  DISCS 

100  for    *~fi&) 
$1.98    J*s 

Hi-»1«  i    mfr'*    ahrlf    Jus.atciry 
bnt    he  dumped    "am    la    bnr- 
rei*.  Preformed,  for  PC  u.r 
Mixed    value*    HkpT '44,4*0* 


BARREL  KIT 
SN740O  DIP 


:i 

rc-s 

75  for  $1.98 

Marked   14  aad/or  wtifa 
pia  ifipe,  may  teat** 
reaiaterm,    II  to   fLona 
ea.  4A^*iai7aaaa* 


Ternu :  Add  poaUife     Sa.ted :  fw t  3ffc 
Phone  :  Wakefield,  Ma39L  (617)  £45-3829 
Rttalll  16-18  Del  Carmine  £u  Wakrfleld, 
MINIMUM  ORDER  —  SS.OO 

POLY  PAKS 


942A  LYNNFfILDTMAU5A0l9dl0 


CPoly  Paki  I  n^:*  Wakefield.  Mali.,  U,S,A.   IS  fl 


187 


DIGITAL  AUTO   CLOCK 


-f  l! 


%J 


6  DIGIT  L! 


KIT 


*  12/24  HOUR 

*  SO/60HZ 

*  BRIGHT  LEDS 


The  heart  of  this  chronometer  is  a  high  frequency  crystal  oscilla- 
tor which  provides  an  accuracy  of  I  1  minute  per  month  even 
in  changing  temperature  or  electrical  "noise"  conditions*  Easy 
to  assemble  kit  witn  complete  slep-py-step  instructions.  Or,  for 
those  who  would  ratner  notf  a  ready-built  and  tested  unit  is 
also  available. 

FEATURES  INCLUDE: 

12  or  24  hour  time  format  —  Displays  time  in  hours,  minutes* 
and  seconds  on  6  large,  .4  "  red  LED  digits  —  Operates  from 
9-14  volts  AC  or  DC  power  —  Simple,  non-polariied  power 
input  —  Display  blanks  when  ignition  off  —  Internal  9  V  battery 
assures  timekeeping  {without  display}  when  external  power  is 
removed  —  Special  circuitry  surpresses  voltage  spikes  —  Recessed 
switches  in  front  of  case  for  quick  and  easy  time  setting. 


This  kit  uses  the  MM5314  clock  chip  and  is  available  with  a 
choice  of  display  stees.  Features  12  or  24  hour  time  format,  50 
or  6  0  Hz  input,  fast  and  slow  time  setting  with  a  hold  function 
for  precise  time  syncroni£ing.  Kit  includes  all  components, 
etched  and  drilled  epoxy  boards  and  complete  step-by-Step 
assembly  instructions,    (Case  and  transformer  not  included). 


Kit  *S!-10  with  .2  7"  Red  LED'S    .       -      .       . 
Kit  i?SI-14  with  An     Red  LEDS    ,      -      .      . 
Kit  #51-15  with  ,5*'     Red  LED's    ,      ,      .      . 
Transformer  to  suit,    (pc  lug  mount  type) 
Transformer  to  suit,    {molded  with  line  cord) 


$11,50 
SI  3.95 
S  16.95 

S  1.25 
$   2.50 


Complete 


Includes    all    components,    etched    and    drilled 


epoxy     boards,     case,     mounting     bracket  and    comprehensive 
assembly  instructions.    (Less  9   V  Battery). 

Kit  #SI  204      Assembled  3S1-204W  110-V  AC  Adapter 
S27.95                      S37.95  $2.50 


CLOCK  CHIPS 

MM5  3I4  -G-digitf  12/24  Ht,  50 /$0   HZ 

Multiplexed,  ?4>pin 
MM5316  -4 -digit,  12/24   Hr,  50  /6  0  Hit 

Alarm,  Snz,  Timer,  4  0-pin  .      .  S 

5  0  252  -6 -digit,  1  2  Hr/60  Hz,  24  Hr/SO  Hz, 

Alarm,  $ftt,  Mpx,p  2S-pm      , 
CT7001  -6 -digit.  Clock,  calendar,  Radio 

Timer,  12/24  Hr,  28*pin 
MK5  03SI  -  4 -digit  direct  drive  LEO,  1  2Hr, 

50Hz,  Radio  Timer,  40-pin 


/ 


.  $4.95 
.56.95 

.  $6.9  5 


,• 


gassi 


Com 


rnon 


Cat 


nod* 


9-DIGIT  DISPLAY 

Ideal  for   a   mini  clock,  calculator 
or  stopwatch.    Fll"  digit  height. 

Special  -  $0.99  ea.    .      .    3/S2.50 


LED  DISPLAYS 


FND-359  . 
FND-5  0  3  . 
FND-SiO  . 
MAN-7  4  . 
DL747 
XAN-6&4* 
XAN-654* 


.3  8  "CC 
-50"CC 
.50  "CA 
,30"  CC 
.60MCA 


$0.95 
SI  .29 
$1.29 
$1.39 

$1-89 


.60"CCred  Si  ,9  9 
,6  0"CC^n  Si  .5  9 


'Denotes  no  decimal  point. 


LED  DRIVERS 

Quad  segment  driver. 
Hex  digit  driver    , 


$0,49 
I0-&9 


DISCRETE   LED 


Submini  red    » 
Sudmini  green 

Mini  red     . 
Mini  green 
Jumbo  red 
Jumbo  green 


S/$1.00 
6/$  1.00 
7 /SI -00 
6  /$1  .0  0 
6 /SI. 00 
5 /Si  00 


W 


VOLTAGE  REGULATORS 

LM309K5v,  1   amp,  T0-3  .     1.1C 

7805  5v,l   amp,  TO-220  .    0.9* 

7812  I2v,  1  amp,  TO-220  .    0.95 

7  8  lb  I5v,  1   amp,  TO -3    .  .     1.2  5 

7B18    18v.  1  amp,  TO-3.  .    1.25 

7B24  24*,  1   amp,  T0-3    ,  .1.2! 


TIME 

This  kit  enables  any  AC  powered  clock  to  be  operated  on  DC. 
Compact  size  —  only  1"  x  2",  Power  requirement!  &-1S  VDC  & 
3  mA.  Kit  includes  all  components,  PC  Board  and  easy  to  follow 
hookup  instructions  for  interfacing  with  MOS  clock  chips. 


Kit  #S1-62 


.  S4,95 


FM  WIRELESS 
MIKE  KIT 

Kit  ^si-36A 


S3.95 


Kit  51-36  is  completely  new  design  in  FM  wireless  transmitters. 
Unique  PC  layout  eliminates  the  need  for  wire-wound  coils 
which  other  units  use.  Can  be  used  with  any  dynamic  type 
microphone  to  broadcast  on  the  FM  band.  Frequency  range 
88-1  06    MHz*  Output;  100    mW  with  a  9  V  battery,  Size:  1,8"  x 


1,8".    Kit    includes    all    components, 
instructions.    (Less  battery  and  mic.) 


PC    board    and    assembly 


LINEAR  (C's 

308  Precision  Op  Amp   . 

380  2  Watt  Audio  Amp 

555  Timer  . 

56  5  Phase  Locked  Loop 

56  7  Tone  Decoder     . 

7  09  Op  Amp 

741  Op  Amo 

7  48     Op  Amp 


MEMORY 

2102-1    IK  Static  RAM 
21  L02B   Low  pwr.  version 


TRANSISTORS 


2N2222 
2N3906 
2N4  4Q0 
2N4403 
2N3055 


NPN 

PNP  House  # 

NPN         .       . 

PNP.       , 

NPN       .       . 


,  8 /St. 0  0 
,  10/S1  .00 
,  S/S1.00 
.  6  /SI.  00 
$0.69   ea. 


MJE   3055 

9  0  Watt  NPN  Pwr,  transistor 
mounted  on  heatsink  plate. 
Special  -  S0.G9  .      .      .    3/S1.95 


■*r 


SWITCHES 

SPOT  Heavy  duty 

Rocker  .  .  .  6 /Si. 00 
SPST  Momentary  Push 

Button       *  .    3  /SI.  00 

SPOT  Miniature  slide      .    &/S1.00 


IC  SOCKETS 

16 -pin  Lo-profMe  . 
IB -pin  Lo-profile  , 
2 4 -pin   Std,  profile  , 


0.25 
0.29 
0.49 


1  N4  143 
1  N4001 
1  N4005 
1  N4007 


DIODES 

switch 
1   A/5  0   V 
1  A/4  00  V 
1  A/1  00  0  V 


20 /SI  .00 

20/11. 00 
15/51  .01) 
10  /SI.  00 


ELECTROLYTIC  CAPS. 

2000  UF/15V  Axial         3/51.00 

I  000  uF/2  5  V  PC  leads  4/11  .00 

220  UF/2  5V  PC  leads  5 /SI. 00 

100  uF/2  5  V  PC  leads  6 /Si  .00 

10  UF/2  5V  PC  leads  8 /SI. 00 


SPEAKER  /MIC. 

4  0  ohms  impedance  -1-1/8  M  dia. 
Special  -  $0.79  ea,  ,      ,    3/S2.00 


RESISTORS 

100    assorted,    mostly  5%  St  10% 
some  20%.      Full  leads 


100/S1.29 


200/S2.10 


TERMS 

Satisfaction  guaranteed.  We  pay  shipping  in  Continental  USA. 
Others  add  5%,  Overseas  add  10%  (20%  for  Airmail!,  U.S. 
Funds  only.  Orders  under  $15.00  add  75*  handling.  Texas 
residents  add  5%  Sales  Tax,  Sorry  —  No  COO  or  charge  cards. 
Check  or  Money  orders  only. 


Prices  good  thru  April 


iisrraFiN*3cnoNAL 

P.O.  BOX  646S3^E,  DALLAS,  TEXAS  75206.  U.S.A.  S27 


188 


RECEIVERS  -  TRANSCEIVERS 

•  COLLINS    R-38S/URR     RECEIVER,    MILL 
TARY    VERSION   OF    THE   5TJ-3,  TUNES 
500  KHZ  THRU  30,5  MHZ,  19"  RACK 
MOUNT .♦♦..- $365-00 

•  R-390/URR  RECEIVER,  TUNES  500  KHZ 
THRU  30.5  MHZ,  DIGITAL  TUNING, 
DUAL  RF,  AUDIO  FILTERS,  115V/60HZ 
19"  RACK  MOUNT.  DIGITAL 

TUNING 495,00 

•  R-390A/URR  RECEIVER,  TUNES  500  KHZ 
THRU  30.5  MHZ,  MECHANICAL  FILTERS. 
115W160  HZ  19"  RACK  MOUNT,  DIGITAL 
TUNING    . , .  , , 675.00 

•  HAMMARLUND  SP-600JX  RECEIVER, 
TUNES  500H2  THRU  64  MHZ  IN  6  BANDS, 
1 1 5V/60  HZ 386,00 

•  R-392/URR  RECEIVER  TUNES  500  KHZ 
THRU  30.5  MHZP  MECHANICAL  FILTERS, 
DIGITAL  TUNING,  28,5  VOLT  DC    -  196.00 

•  COLLINS  RT-594/ARC-38A  AIRCRAFT 
TRANSCEIVER  2D  THRU  25  MHZ 
SYNTHESIZED  CHANNELS  35,  250  (20 
PRESET),  100  WATTS  PEP  SS3(  FSK,  AM, 
CWP  SIZE  24"L,  15HW,  7%"H,  WEfGHT  68 
LBS,  REQUIRES  28  VDC  POWER 
SUPPLY .  .  .  „  . 145.00 

•  COLLINS  KWM2  TRANSCEIVER  WITH 
PM-2  SNAP-ON  PORTABLE  POWER 
SUPPLY,  1 15/220  VAC,  B0-400HZ  .  .  750-00 

•  COLLINS  CC-2  CARRYING  CASE  FOR 
KWM-2  WITH  PM-2  .  .  . .  .  .  85.00 

•  COLLINS  KWM-2  TRANSCEIVER  WITH 
516F-2,  1 15V/50-60HZ 850,00 

•  COLLINS  312B^t  SPEAKER 

CONSOLE    ■ ,  200-00 

•  COLLINS  312B-5  VFO 

CONSOLE , 425.00 

•  COLLINS  18DS-1  ANTENNA 

TUNER 350.00 

•  COLLINS  302C-3  DIRECTIONAL 
WATTMETEH    . +  .,t ,,,,125.00 

•  COLLJNS30L1  LINEAR 

AMPLIFIER m„  . „..,  -  425.00 

•  COLLINS  75S-3  RECEIVER   ....... S00H0 

TEST  EQUIPMENT 

•  SG-103/URM-25F  SIGNAL  GENERATOR 
10KHZ  THRU  50MHZ  IN  S  BANDS 
CALIBRATED  OUTPUT,  CRYSTAL 
CALIBRATOR,  MODULATION  400f  1000 
HZ  0*80% .  .  ,  285JQ0 

•  SG-3/U  FM  SIGNAL  GENERATOR,  RANGE 
50  MHZ  THRU  400  MHZ  IN  3  BANDS  .01 
TO  100 ,000  M/V,  CALIBRATED  OUTPUT 
FULLY  METERED,  A  LATE  MILITARY 
TYPE  GENERATOR  FOR  FM  ALIGNMENT 
IN  AMATEUR,  MARINE,  AND  COMMER- 
CIAL FIELD  115V/60HZ    385.00 

•  MEASUREMENTS  MODEL  65B  SIGNAL 
GENERATOR  75  KHZ  THRU  30  MHZ 
CALIBRATED  OUTPUT,  FULLY 


METERED 225.00 

TS-497/URR  SIGNAL  GENERATOR 
RANGES  2  TO  400  MHZ.  MILITARY  VER- 
SION OF  THE  MEASUREMENTS  MODEL 
80,0.1  TO  100,000  MV  METERED 

OUTPUT 250.00 

TS-510A  SIGNAL  GENERATOR.  MILI- 
TARY VERSION  OF  THE  HP608D,  RANGE 
10  MHZ  TO  420  MHZ  IN  5  BANDS. 
CALIBRATED     OUTPUT,     MODULATION 

400/1000  HZ 475.00 

SG-66/ARM-5  AIRCRAFT  OMNI  SIGNAL 
GENERATOR,  108  THRU  132  MHZ,  .005% 

OUTPUT 0  TO  1  MV  AND  1 V 225.00 

COLLINS  479T-2  GENERATOR,  ALSO 
MILITARY  VERSION  SG43/U,  USED  FOR 
AIRCRAFT  RADIO  TESTING  OF  VOR, 
ILS,  AND  GLIDESLOPE,  OUTPUT  FRE- 
QUENCIES 108  MHZ  TO  135  MHZ  AND 
329.3  TO  335.0   MHZ  IN  100  KHZ  STEPS 

OUTPUT  1  MV,  .005% 250,00 

COLLINS  476X*1  ATC  TRANSPONDER 
TEST  SET,  USED  TO  TEST  AIRCRAFT 

TRANSPONDERS  %.. .  186,00 

HP  2O0AB  AUDIO  OSCILLATOR  20  H2  - 
40KHZ    IN    4    BANDS    1    WATT  OUTPUT 

INTO750HMS .95JW 

HP100D    FREQUENCY   STANDARD   GEN- 
ERATES 10  HZt  100  HZ,  1   KHZ,  10  KHZ 
BUILT-IN  2"  SCOPE,  1 /MILLION 
S  T  A  B I L I  r t   *»*»*.,.....  ...... .  .  . 95  -DO 

HP400HR    AC    VTVM,    10H2   TO   4    MHZ 
.0001  TO  300V  IN  13  RANGES   .....75.00 

GR  583A  AUDIO  WATTMETER  0.1  MW  TO 
5W  IN  4  RANGES,  HAS  DB  SCALE, 
IMPEDANCE  RANGE  2.5 TO  20,000 


OHMS 


ip    pit 


125,00 


•  HP   415B    VSWR    INDICATOR,  MEASURES 
VSWR  AND  DB  DIRECTLY,  60DB 
ATTENUATOR , .45.00 

•  GR  667A  INDUCTANCE  BRIDGE  Q.1PH 
T01H,  FREQ  RANGE  60HZ  TO  10KHZ85.00 

•  HP212A  PULSE  GENERATOR,  PULSE 
WIDTH  ADJUSTABLE  FROM  0,07  TO  10 
PSEC,  PULSE  RISE  AND  DELAY  TIME  *02 
PSEC  WITH  REP  RATE  60-5000  HZ,  50DB 
STEP  ATTENUATOR 75.00 

•  HP  500B  FREQUENCY  METER  3HZ  TO 
1000  KHZ  IN  9  RANGES,  ANALOG  READ- 
OUT, 0+2  SENSITIVITY 40.00 

•  HP  3430A  DC  DIGITAL  VOLTMETERS  3W 
DIGIT  100MV  TO  1000  VOLTS  IN  5 
RANGES  , „ 75J0O 

•GR  1212A  NULL  DETECTOR  10HZ  TO 
5MHZ  RANGE.  LOG  RESPONSE  WITH 
120DB  SCALE,  WITH  1203  AC/PS  .  .  .  85,00 

•  URM-113  TEST  SET,  USED  TO  ALIGN 
TEST,  OVERHAUL  PRC  8,  9,  10  MILITARY 
RADIOS i .  .  .  .  85.00 

•  MEASUREMENTS  CORP.  MODEL  111B 
CRYSTAL  CALIBRATOR,  FREQ  CALIB 
FROM  0.1  TO  100  MHZ,  .002% 


ACCURACY 39.50 

•  HP200B  AUDIO  OSCILLATOR  20HZ  TO 
20K  HZ,  22.5V  1  WATT  MAX  OUTPUT45.00 

•  TEKTRONIX  535  OSCILLOSCOPE  DC  TO 
15  MHZ  WITH  TYPE  L  PLUG-IN  SINGLE 
TRACE  5MV  TO  20V /CM 375J0O 

•  TEKTRONIX  545A  OSCILLOSCOPE  DC  TO 
30MHZ  WITH  TYPE  CA  PLUG-IN  DUAL 
TRACE  50  MV  TO  20  V/CM 550.00 

•  WILTRON  324  LOCAL  OSCILLATOR 
400MHZ  TO  1000MHZ,  USED  WITH 
WILTRON  321  PHASE  AND  AMPLITUDE 
INDICATOR    65.00 

•  BALLANTINE  320  TRUE  RMS  VTVM 
TOOPV  TO  330V  IN  13  RANGES  5HZ  TO  4 
MHZ,  USED  TO  MEASURE  WAVEFORMS. 
NOISE,  PULSE, SQUARE  OR  SINUSOIDAL, 
DC  OUTPUT    *  65.00 

•  TEKTRONIX  180A  TIME  MARK 
GENERATOR   35.00 

»  TEKTRONIX  107  SQUARE  WAVE  GENER- 
ATOR, RANGE  A  TO  1  MHZ 25.00 

•  HP  460AR  WIDEBAND  AMPLIFIER  20HZ 
-  120  MHZ,  GAIN  20 DB  NOISE  FIGURE 
LESS  THAN  10  DB 45J00 

•  TS-14S/UPM-33  RADAR  SPECTRUM 
ANALYZER,  RANGE  8470  TO  9630  MHZ 
SWEEP  1O-30HZ 49,50 

•  FLUKE  S25AR  DC  DIFFERENTIAL  VOLT- 
METER  0-500V,  NULL  RANGE  10,  1,  .1, 
,01.  ,001V  ACCURACY  j02%    3950 

•  TV-7/U  MILITARY  TUBE 

•  SG-34/GPM  15  LOR  AN  TEST  SET  USED  TO 
CALIBRATE  LORAN  A  AND  C  X 1 5V/60 
HZ 95,00 

•  GR1862B    MEGOHMETER,    5-2    MILLION 
MEGOHMS,  TEST  VOLTAGE  50-500 
VOLTS 75.00 

■  CALIBRATION  STANDARDS  CORP 
MODEL  AC200BR  AC/DC  CALIBRATION 
TEST  SET 225.00 

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Peterborough  NH   03458 


DEPT.  QSL  BOOK 


73/4/77 


190 


•  THE  NEW  RTTY  HANDBOOK  This  is  a  brand  new  1977  edition 
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191 


HOBBY 
COmPUTERS 

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73/4/77 


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192 


PACKED  SOLID 
WITD  ARTICLES 


FOR  THE  BEGINNER 

Most  of  us  are  beginners,  one 
way  or  another.  Programmers 
need  fundamental  hardware 
InfOj  and  vice  versa.  You 'J  I  find 
all  of  the  articles  in  Kilobaud 
readable.  The  whole  theme  of 
the  enthusiastic  letters  from 
readers  is  their  enjoyment  and 
how  long  they  take  reading 
every  article  in  the  magazine. 
You'll  find  information  that  will 
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your  hardware,  in  getting  it 
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you II  find  the  programs  you 
want  for  it 


PLENTY  OF  SOFTWARE 

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REINVENTING  THE 

WHEEL 

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cover  to  go  back  and  do  it  over 
again.  Look  on  your  collection 
of  Kilobauds  as  a  continuing 
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one  who  can  take  a  complicated 
matter  and  explain  it  so  you  can 
understand  it  .  .  .  which  is  the 
key  to  the  success  of  Kilobaud. 


MAKE  MONEY 

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just  starting  there  are  all  sorts  of 
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ASK  ANY  READER 

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hobby  magazine  —  just  ask  any 
reader  about  it.  It's  packed  with 

articles   and    it   has   a  sense   of 
humor  —  it's  fun  to  read. 


HARDWARE 

Since  most  hobbyists  have 
yet  to  buy  their  systems  you'll 
see  a  lot  of  articles  in  Kilobaud 
telling  about  the  latest  in  hard- 
ware .  . *  most  written  by  the 
people  who  designed  the  equip- 
ment (and  who  can  know  it 
better?).  Are  you  going  with  a 
Z~8Q?  8080?  6800?  6502?  Read 
all  about  'em  in  Kilobaud.  Read 
about  video  generators,  TVTs, 
real  time  clocks^  printers, 
memory  boards,  mass  memory 
systems  ...  and  operating  sys- 
tems ...  all  written  so  you  can 
understand. 


It  Takes  Longer  to  Read 

. , .  a  lot  longer 


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•  FASCINATING  WORLD  OF  RADIO  COMMUNICATION  Interesting 
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BASIC,  then  what?  Then  you  need  some  programs  in  BASIC,  that's  what,  This 
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WHAT  TO  D- 
AFUR  YOU  H 

RETURN 


F-C.C  *  firif  Boole  c 
Computer  Game* 


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character  generation,  cursor  control  and  interface  information  in  typical, 
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Use  the  order  card  or  itemize  your  order  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper  and  mail  to  73 

Magazine,  Peterborough  NH  03458.  Be  sure  to  include  check  or  detailed  credit  card  information,  

Note:  Prices  subject  to  change  without  notice  on  books  not  published  by  73  Magazine, 


•  THE  STORY  OF  COMPUTERS  by  Donald 
D,  Spencer  is  to  computer  books  what  Dick 
and  Jane  to  novels  is— extremely  elementary; 
gives  the  non-computerist  a  fair  idea  of  what 
the  hobbyist  is  talking  about  when  he  speaks 
computer  lingo.  Attempts  to  explain  what 
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or  any  un -electronics-mi noted  friend.  $4.95, 

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•SCELBI'S  FIRST  BOOK  OF  COMPUTER 
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puter games  by  Scelbi  Computer  Consulting 
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This  game  is  described  in  Galaxy  Game  for 
the  8008/8080 ■  published  by  Scelbi  Com- 
puter Consulting,  Inc,  $14.95. 


•  INTRODUCTION  TO  MICROPROCESSORS  by  Charles  Rockwell  of  MICRO- 
LOG  Here  is  an  ideal  reference  for  the  individual  desiring  to  understand  the 
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•  MICROCOMPUTER  PRIMER  by  Mitchell  Waite  and  Michael  Pardee,  pub,  by 
Howard  W.  Sams  Company.  If  you  are  afraid  to  get  involved  with  microcomputers 
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•  BR AMD  NEW  DICTIONARY  This  new  microcomputer  dictionary  fills  the 
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relating  to  microprocessors,  microcomputers  and  microcontrollers.  There  are  also 
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•COMPUTER  PROGRAMMING  HANDBOOK  by  Peter  Stark.  A  complete  guide 
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examples  and  history  of  computers.  $8.95 

•  MY  COMPUTER  LIKES  ME  .  ,  .  WHEN  I  SPEAK  BASIC  An  introduction  to 
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Use  the  order  card  or  itemize  your  order  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper  and  mail  to  73 

Magazine,  Peterborough  NH  03458.  Be  sure  to  include  check  or  detailed  credit  card  information. 

Note:  Prices  subject  to  change  without  notice  on  books  not  published  by  73  Magazine. 


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