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DECEMBER 1977
$2.00

AMATEUR

RADIO

V y

*-'

■ '

J»

I II

■^

Miur! Uvr

LOW DUP B

SOL i t

r*f5

URTHER ADVENTURES OF

rCOM/VHF MOBILE'S
PEERLESS LEADER
GOES ONE STEP BEYOND

^he matchless IC*22S« the measure
of quality and performance for all VHF
mobile transceivers, now materializes
with its splendid new frequency syn-
thesizer as a flexible phenomenon.
Faster than a digit switch, able to leap
great frequencies in a single bound,
the 1C*22S Mobile Marvel is empow-
ered with instant programming for
256 possible frequencies, making
available any frequency on anybody's
band-plan in a matter of minutes,
while disguised as a mild mannered 22
channel radio.

VHF UHF AUATEUft AND MARINE COMMUNICATION EQVlPUEm

It "hears through solid walls'* with a
magnificient high sensitivity receiver,
employing a 1st IF monolithic crystal
filter and two 2nd IF filters for im-
proved rejection of 15 KHz adjacent
channel signals. And with spurious at*
tenuatfon far exceeding FCC specifica-
tions for even commercial type radios,
the ICC-22S mobtli^es 10 Watts of
power.

Instantly available from your dealer,
the IC-22S comes to you ready to per-
form amazing feats for even less than
the cost of most old fashioned crystal
controlled units. The meek and the
mighty can avail themselves of the
most in VHF mobile with the IC-22S,
ICON'S MobUe Marvel.

ICOM

ICOM WEST. INC.
Suite 3

13256 Nofthn^ji Way
Belle vue. Was»h 960Q5
<206* 747-9020

E>stributad by:

ICOM EAST, INC.
Siwie :*07

33-1 T Tower wood Diive
Dallas Tma*» 75^34
(214^ 620-2780

ICOM CANADA
7067 Victona Dt ,
Vanccniver B C V5P 3Y9
Canada
(604)321-1833

34 Inside Ten -Tec - Q/?P Innovators

K4IV1DK
38 The History of Ham Radio - p&n V

W9CI
42 Try BCB DXl — when you're tired of

twenty

W82BJH
46 Build An Engine Analyzer - use your

scope!

WA6THG/KH6
50 More Repeater Control Devices — con-

trol unit/audio Interface

W7JSW
56 How Do You Use ICs? - part Vill

WA2SUT/NNNCJZVB
62 Finally] A Practical DiscFJminator! —

metering system, that Is

K4G0K
66 A Kilowatt Alternative - try a gain

antenna

WB0 KTH/4
68 All About Transceivers - Novices, take

note!
WB5ASA
72 German Amateur Procedures — and re-
peater Information
W8CM/5
78 The DA4FB Story — Amencati repeater
tn Germany
WB4EWX/DA1KD
i(a 92 Decode Morse - with an 8080
„ WB9KPT

1^ 98 Futureshot - just around the corner
K9KIC
102 Try A Micro Contest Logger— tfw
6800 does it all
KH6G!\^P
IJS^ 106 Computerized Global Calculations
— finding the best way to Pago
Pago
r--^ VE3EKR

^108 Micro Meets JANET — meteor scat-
ter, anyone?
W5HK/9, WB9WXM
114 Run, Sheila, RunI - reaNife radio
control
WB0IFF
120 CB to 10 — part Vl: antenna sugges-
tions
K5UKH

122 CB to '[Q- part Vff: converts TRC-ff
WB8CLF

123 Battery Backup for Digital Clocks -
don J miss a second

WA2EJT
130 Roll Your Own OSL Cards - original-

ity for rare ones!

G3WDI
134 Glide On Six - radio control primer

WB3BQ0
133 More IG-22S - add a programming

switch

K0HPF
140 Amplitude vs. Frequency -poor ms^'is

spectrum analyzer

Staff
142 How About An Auto CQ? - generate

some 70m activity!

K4TSY
144 SSB For the "Frog" - tame the croak

W5JJ

145 Beat the Books — $tudy half special

WB9YKe
148 Clocking Those Clock Kits — check out

the MK-03I

W6SWZ
150 Digital Signal Source - TTL signals for

counters, micros

K7HKL
152 Regenerated CW - CW: as you like It

Staff

177 High-Band Your KDK - monitor the
other half!

W2PMX

178 The Rescue — real-life drama
WA6LJL

179 Welding Rod Special Antenna - for
seamless contacts

WA5TSJ
182 Tanks A Lotl - inductor calculation

program

WA9GUK
184 Build the El Sapo Tester - for hams

with spare time

Staff
186 FinaliyI A Simple PROM Burner! - for

the 8223 and 62S23

W7JSW
1SS Try A Topical CQ- for special interest

groups

K4GRT
189 Call Letter Gouge r — adds dass to any

shack

WB6JYK

192 Adjustable Bench Supply — would you
believe f.2'37 volts?

Staff

193 Test Instrument Saver - an old phone
Is reQuired

Miller
196 Photoelectric Bench Accessory — when

you need an extra "eye"

W3KBM
198 Inside the SR'52 - calculator doubles

as micro

WA6THG
200 Boost Your TR221 — with a mini rock

crusher

WA2INM
204 QRM on the Moon? — yep, on all bands

W4NVK

206 Filcher Foiler Car Alarm - car door
operated

WB6THJ

207 Quick Deviation Meter - for the fC-
22A

WA1UUK

208 Build a Noise-free Power Supply -
avoid spikes with sine waves

K4DHC
210 Surplus Goodies - are they really for
you?
Vlllastrjgo

214 Try A New Mode! - don't let boredom

strike

N4KC
216 Build A Useful HF RBmivet - Novice

special

Staff
218 Wake Up A Dead Repeater I - with

these new Q signals

K9AZG

#207 DEC 1977

Never Say Die

Oscar Orbits

Letters

FCC Math

RTTY Loop

Contests

New Products

Looking West

FCC

AMSAT

Hamburglar

Corrections

Ham Help

219

Social Events

219

Ham Help

222

1977 Index

268

Propagation

COVER: Bust ol Gugfielmo
Marconi at his original station
locatTon in South Wellfleet MA
(see page 6). Photo by W2NSD/1 .

73 Magazine Is published monthly
by 73, Inc., Peterborough NH
03458. Subscription rates in the
U,S. and Canada are $15 for one
year, $26 for two years, and $36
for three years. Outside the U.S.
and Canada, write for rates.
Second class postage paid at
Peterborough NH 03458 and at
additional mailing offices. Publi-
cation No, 700420. Phone:
603-924-3873. Entire contents
copyright 1977 by 73, Inc.
INCLUDE OLD ADDRESS AND
ZIP CODE WITH ADDRESS
CHANGE NOTIFICA TiON.

Microfilm edition — Uni-
versity Microfilms, Ann
Arbor Ml 48106.

\.pacesetier in amateur radio

AND DG-5 DIGITAL FREQUENCY DISPLAY

-> n

fi w

4f^

•

,383 ™f:irtT/#" J 1='^ «'

WMV

MOOE

PF ATT

S 5POS

&ANP

^»ni!

VFDH

FUNCTION

#"OWeR

FULL COVERAGE TRANSCEIVER

The TS-B20S providas full cover-
age on all amateur bands from
1.8 to 29.7 MHz. Kenwooul gives
you 1 60 meter capabilitv. WWV
on 15.000 MHz., and an tyxih
tary band position for maximum
flexibility AtmJ with ihe addition
of the TV-S06 transvener your
TS-520S can cover 100 meter?
to 6 meters on SSB and CW,

QIGITAt DrSPLAV DG-5 {option)

The Kenwood DG-5 provides
e^y. d^ urate readout of your
operating froduency while trans-
mitting a/? rf receiving

OUTSTANOrNG RECilVEH
SENSITIVITY AND MINIMUM
CROSS MODULATION

The TS-520S incorpo rates a
3SK3§ dual gate MOSFET lor
outstonding cross modulation and
spurious response charsctertst^cs
Th9 3SK35 has a low noise
fig y re (3 5 dB typ.) and h^h gain
(18 dB typ ) for excellent
san&itivity.

NEW IMPROVED SPEECH
PROCESSOR

Aft dyd*o compfession amplifier
gives you extra punch in the pile

ups and when the goir>g gets
rough-

VERNIER TUNING FOR FINAL
PIATI CONTROL

A vernier twining mechanism
altows easy and accurate adjust*
mem of the plate control during
tune-up.

FINAL AMPLIFIER

The TS-520S is completely solid
state except for the driver (1 28-
Y7AJ and the final tubes Rather
than subsitute TV sweep tubes as
final amplifier tubes in a state of
t^ie art amateur transceiver,

Kenwood has employed two
husky S-2001A (dquivalant to
61468) tubes These rugged,
ime'pfoven tubes are known for
Mr to ng life and superb linearFtv

kd^ effective noise blanking cnLuu
aeveloped by Kenvvood that vjr*
tualty eirminates ignition noi^ is
buih into the TS 520S

The T5'520S has a bumAn 20
dB sttentustof that can be acti*
vated by a pysh button £wich
convenient jy located on tiie

front panel.

A special jack on the rear p^nel
of the TS-520S provides receiver
signals to an external recetvor for
incrsased station versitility. A
swiich on the rear pane) deter-
mrnes the aigrial path . the
recefx^r in the TS-820 or any
external receiver,

VFO-520 remote VFO
rrtaiches the styling of the TS-
5203 and provtdes maximum
operating flexibility on the b«nd
selected on your TS'520S,

Th&

6 TS-520S IS completaly seif-
contained with a rugged AC
power supply built-in The addi-
tion of the DS'1 A DC-DC
converter {optional} a I tows for
mobile operation of the TS-520S.

The T5-520S has 2 convenient
RCA phono jacks on the rear
panel for PHONE ^ATCH IN and
PHONE PATCH OUT,

The CW-S20'500 Hi filter can be
easilly installed and will provide
improved operation on CW.

The AGC circuit has 3 positions
(OFF, FAST. SLOW) to enable
the TS-B20S lo be operated in
the optimum condition at all
times wf^ether operating CW
or SS8.

The TS-620$ retains all of the
features of the original TS'520
tl^t rriade il tops in its class: RIT
cornrof ' 8-pofe crystal filter •
Buih*in 25 KHz cafibretof • Front
panel carrier level control • Seml-
break-tn CW with sidetone •
VOX/PTT/MOX • TUNE posnion
for low power tune up ■ Built-m
speaker ■ Built-in Cooling Fan •
Provisions for 4 fixed frequency
channels • Heater switch.

TS-520

oecfffcstions

Amileur Binds I6O10 meters

p^ui WIW (rccervf only)
M{Ht»: USB, LSa, Ofl
Aittltni l«ip*i*^r^ W 75 CWims

kMi (^umg on* Hm ^.^^' -ti
tmnutf of kvimi-tip, ma mmn
1^ Hi durmg iriY 3D mmat

l^An & SeBicoo^dors
Ty^ I

(S7W1A 1 7 l2BVm>

Trar4$»: 52

FOs 19

Poiiif R«|«ifi«i«^ 120/220 V

AC. SO/60 H;. 13 J V D€

(iritti optionti DS^IA)
Ptti«r Coisumplion Tfinsmrt

280 Witts Reoeive- 2$ Watts

(wtth heater off)
DimeRSiOii. B3(0V|) W 1 1S3 (m

Hi 33^ 16) D ramCpndtl

Wtighl 16 D i%\Ml m
TRANSMiHEi
RF liiiTul Power SSB: 200 Wtlts

fif m: IfiO Watts DC
Catritr Suppression: Better Uijfi

Sidtbind SuptreBsion: Better

ihin -5€ dB
Spi^naus l^adLattan Better thian

-41} dB

Microphone Impedance 30h OItim
AF Re&oonse 4M to 2,600 Hi

RECEIVER

Sensitivity: 025 uV lor ID dB

{S+N)/W

SeledMty; SSB;2,4 hHz/-e (IB,

44 kHi/^60 dB
Selectivjtir: CW: D.5 kH;/ 6 dB,

UhK^/ eOda(«rilliDplion8l

CW'520 filtiTJ
fma£t Ratio: Better than 50 dB
IF Reieclion: Bdter titan 50 d8
AF Outpm Power: 1.0 Wall {B

Ohm load, with less than 10%

distortian}

AF Oulpul Imptdanct: 4 to 16
Ohms

DG 5

SPECIFlD^TIOfiS
Ueasuitng Range. 100 Hf t«
40III1I

Ifif^iit Inspcdince: 5 k Ohms

Gttt Time, 01 Sk.

Input Sen^tririty: 100 Hi to 40

HH2 . 200 mV rmi or mr. 10

mi to HI MHr . 50 mV or over
Measuririff Amtriqr Int^fta) lime

base accuraqr :tO,l count
hm Basi 10 UHi
Op«rilin| rimp«fitttr«; -10' t§

»* C/M* m^ F
Power Rfquirement Sup-plied

ffooi TS 520S or 12 lo li VDC

(ROfRiflai 0 8 VDC)
DiniensjQfl$ ie7l6-9/l&} Wa

43U 11/16} Hi ZSSdO-^/tS) D

mjn(indv)

Weiffit: iJ lif(19 ll»)

Q'b connectionii

Phone

Traniveriflf jeck

Bntonna
■witch

120V/^aOVawl,^itch

Following are a few of the
TS-820S" many exciting
features.

PLL • The TS-B20S employs
the latest phas« lock loop
circuitry. The single
conversion receiver section
performance offers superb
protection against unwanted
cross-modulation. And now
PLL allows the frequency to
remain the same when
switching sidebands (USB,
LSB. CW) and eliminates
having to recalibrate each
time.

DIGITAL READOUT • The
digital counter display is em-
ployed as an integral part of
the VFO readout system.
Counter mixes the carrier VFO,
and first heterodyne frequen-
cies to give exaci frequency.
Figures the frequency down
to 10 Hz and digital display

reads out to 1 00 Hz. Both
receive and transmit frequen-
cies are displayed in easy to
read, Kenwood Blue digits.
SPEECH PROCESSOR • An
RF circuit provides quick
time constant compression
using a true RF comp'ressor
as opposed to an AF clipper.
Amount of compression is
adiusiable to the desired
level by a convenient front
panel control
IF SHIFT 'The IF SHIFT
control varies the iF pass-
band without changing the
receive frequency. Enables
the operator to eliminate
unwanted signals by moving
them out of the passband o(
the receiver. This feature
alone makes the TS-820S
a pacesetter.

The TS-e20 and !>G-1 ar& fiill tvmX-

^POWEtt AllCAA ^t*

tmrvc

otp •»«■

-rs-^oc^

HIT OkL

Experience the excitement of 6
meters. The TS-600 all mod© trans-
ceiver lets you experience the fun
of 6 meter band openings.
This 10 watt, solid state rig covers
50.0-54.0 MHr. The VFO tunes the
band in 1 MHz segments. It also

.M^

I'J '#

WXIC404

BAjm

has provisions for fixed frequency
operation on NETS or to listen for
beacons. State of the art features
such as an affective noise blanker
and the RIT {Receiver Incremental
Tuning) circuit make the TS-600
another Kenwood "Pacesetter".

An easy way to get on the 6
meter band with your TS-520/
520S, TS-S20/820S and most
other transceivers. Simply plug
it in and you're on . . , full band
coverage with 1 0 watts output
on SSB and CW.

MONl

OK 9 KENWOOO
TRANSCEIVER TR'fi300

.,.,^^ VOL soueiCH

; iW' . 1 n ■ ■ . u

Experience the luxury of 450 MHz
at an economicaf price.

The TR-8300 offers high quality

and superb perfornnance as a result
of many years of improving VHF/

UHF design techniques. The trans-

ceiver is capable of f^ emission
on 23 crystal-controlled channels
(3 supplied). The transmitter out-
put is to watts.

The TR-8300 incorporates a 5

section helical resonator and a

two-pole crystal filter in the IF
section of the receiver for improved
intermodulation characteristics.
Receiver sensitivity, spurious
response^ and temperature
characteristics are excellent.

lacesi'tter tn nmahur radio

WITH DIGITAL FREQUENCY DISPLAY

CPii *i« • vra

REPEATER

HOf^MAi GAIN

OELAV 0 — WO — »«0

1* K EM^A^naa Itt ^LL mode TRAt^SCLEIVEVf

POlAi'^R SEP#P CEN f4m ffH flf-iOK

smr'

MtC

ON£S

MODE

-AW

.•vs£?5as

RIT

SQUELCM gF^,^

&AlN^3*-aAiN

FIX CH

Features: Digital readout with "Kenwood Btue" digits *
High gain receiver p re-amp • 1 watt lower power switch •
Built in VOX • Semi-bresk in on CW • CW sidetone •
Operates all modes: SSB (upper & lower), FM, AM and CW
• Completely solid state circuitrv provides stable, long last-
ing, trouble-free operation * AC and DC capability (operate
from your ear boat, or as a base station through its built-in
power supply) • 4 MHz band coverage (144 to 148 MHz) •
Automatically switches transmit frequency 600 KHz for
repeater operation. Simply dial in your receive frequency
and the radio does the rest , . . simplex, repealer, reverse " Or
accomplish the same by plugging a single crystal into one
of the 11 crystal positions for your favorite channel •
Transmit/ Receive capability on 44 channels with 11 crystals

Handsomely styled and a perfect companion to
the TS-700S. This unit provides you with the
extra versatility and the luxury of having a
second VFO in your shack. Great for spill
frequency operation and for tuning off fre-
quency to check the band. The function switch

on the VFO-700S selects the VFO in use and
the appropriate frequency is displayed on the
digital readout in the TS-700S. In addition a
momentary contact "frequency check" switch
allows you to spot check the frequency of the
VFO not in use.

Featiires Kenwood's unique Continuous Tone Coded

Squelch system, 4 MHz band coverage, 25 watt
output and fully synthesized 800 channel operation.
This compact package gives you the kind of perform-
ance specifications youve always wanted in a
2'meter amateur rig

Outstanding sensitivity, large-sized helical resonators
with High Q to minimize undesirable out-of-band
interferance, and give a 2-pole 10.7 MHz monolithic
crystal filter combine to give your TR-7400A outstand-
ing receiver performance. Intermodulation character-
istics (Better than 66dB), spurious (Better than — 60dB),
image rejection (Better than — 70dB), and a versatile
squelch system make the TR-7400A tops in its class.

Shown with the PS-8 power syppty

{Active filters and Tone Burst Modules optional}

POWER

$ KENWOOD

DC POWER SUPPiv

PS -6

OFF

This 100 channel PLL synthesized 146 148 MHz
transceiver comes with 88 pre-programmed channels
for use on all standard repeater frequencies {as per
ARRL Band Plan) and most simplex channels. For
added flexibility, there are 6 diode-programmable
switch positions. The 15 KHz shift function makes
these 6 positions into 12 channels, 10 watt output,
.-600 KHz offset and LED digital frequency display
are just a few of the many fine features of the TR-7500

The PS'6 is the handsomely styled, matching power
supply for the TR-7500. Its 3.5 amp current capacity
and built-in speaker make it the perfect companion for
home use of the TR-7500.

The high performance portable 2-meter FM
transceiver. 146-148 MHz, 12 channels (6
supplied), 2 watts or 400 mW RF output.
Everything you need is included: Ni-Cad
battery pack, charger, carrying case
and microphone.

^mt

part sf iter hr amateur radin

€> €>

4ff ^ I

Kenwood developed the T-599D transmitter and R-599D
receiver for the most discriminating amateur.
The R-599D is the most comptete receive r ever offered It is
entirely solid-state, superbly reliable and compact, It covers the
full amateur band, 10 through 1 60 meters. CW. LSB. USB,
AM and FM

The T*599D ts solid-state wah the exception of only three
tubes, has buitt-in power supply and full metering ft operates
CW, LSB. USB and AM and. of course, is a perfect match to
the R'599D receiver.

If you have never considered the advantages of operating a
receiver /transmJttef combination . maybe you should,
Because of the larger number of controls and dual VFOs the
combination offers flexibility impossible to duplicate with a
trdnsceiver.

Compare the specs of the R-599D and the T-599D v^tith any
other brand Remember, the R-599D is all solid state (and in-
cludes four filters). Your choice will obviously be the Kenwood.

Dependable operation, superior specifications and excellent

features make the R-300 en uneKcelled value for the

shortwave listener. It offers full band coverage with a

frequency range of 170 KHz to 30.0 MHz • Receives AM.

SSB and CW • Features large, easy to read drum dials

with fast smooth dial action * Band spread ts calibrated for

the 10 foreign broadcast bands, easily tuned with the use

of a built-in 500 KHz calibrator • Automatic noise iimtter ■

3-way power supply system (AC /Batteries/ External DC)

take It anyplace * Automatically switches to battery

power in the event of AC power failure

^^^

^^■^^^^■■■H

Ir ,. ^-mB ^

■

F^-

1^^

^
..

-^^i^r

^ - — • Ij^'jr

.^^^^^K.

^^1

• * • *

9/ffe e^uipmrnt that ktottgs m emy
wdl equipped station

[20 Series
TS*e20S

JS-S20

DG-1

VF0^820-.

CW-920 . . .

0S-1A.

520 Series
TS'520S, , .
DG-5

VFO^520.-

SP-520-..

CW'520. . .

DK-520

5990 SerJe

R-599D

T-599D
S599

.TS'820 with Digital
Installed

TO' 160 M Deluxfi
Transceiver

Digital Frequency Display
farTS-S2a

.Delude Remoie VFO for
forTS.820/820S
500 H2 CW Filter for
TS-820/820S
DC-DC Convufter for
520/S20 Senes

V60-10 M Transceiver
Digital Frequency Display
tor TS-520 Series
Remote VFO for TS^520
and TS-520S
External Speaker for
520/820 Series
500 Hi CW Filter for
TS-520/ 5208
Digital Adaptor Kit for
TS-520
s

1 60- 1 0 M Solid State

Receiver

BO- 10 M Maichtng

Transmitter

EKtemal Speaker lor 59§D

Series

CC-29A, , . .2 Meter Convener for

R-599D
CC*69 - . . . , 6 MetBf Converter for

R^599D
FM-S99A.. fM Filter for R-599D

1^ .

R-300 General Coverage SWL Receiver

Ts^eoo . . .

TS-700S..

VF0-700S,
SP^70.

TR^22O0A.

TR-7400A.

. 6 M All Mode Transceiver
.2 M All Mode Digital
Transceiver

^Remote VFO for TS-700S
Matching Speaker for
TS 600/ 700 Series
2 M Portable FM
Transceiver

2 M Synthesized Deluxe
FM Transceiver

ESSORIES

Rubber Helical Antenna
Telescoping Whtp Antenna
Ni-Cad Battery Pack (set)
4 Pin Mtc. Connector
Acliwe Filter Elements
Tone Burst Modules
AC Cables
DC Cables

MQd«l

TR-7S00

Tft.8300
TV-506 .

HS^4

MB-1A.

MC-50.
PS'5...

PS-B.,.
V0X^3

too Channel Synthesized
2 M FM Transceiver

70 CM FM Transceiver
(450 MHz)

6 M Transverter for
520/820/599 Series

Headphone Set
.Mounting Bracket for
TR-2200A
Desk Microphone
Power Supply for TR-8300
Povtfer Supply for TR-7500
Power Supply for TR-7400A
VOX for TS-600/700A

Trio-Kenwood stocks a complete line of
replacement parts, accesssrjes. and rnaniialt
for ail Kenwood modeis.

For uaft iMith

R A- 1

T90'0082*05
PB 16

£07-0403^05
See Service Manual
See Service Manual
Specify Model
Specify Model

TR^2200A
TR-2200A
TR-220DA
All Models
TR-7400A
TS-700A: TR-7400A
All Models
Alt Models

The Kenwood HS-4 headphorie set adds
vtriatilitv >o sn.y Kenwood station For
e«tefided periods of wear, tfte iHS-4 ts comfi^Ff-
vbly padded and t% comp^etetv adiustabte. The
fre^uamry ratpome of the HS-4 i^ tsihofed
f|>ecificaltv for imateur communtcation use
{300 m 3000 Hi. e ohms)

The MC-50 dynamic microphorte has been
d«iign«d dKpres^jy fof emaieur radio operatian
ai a Bpiandid addition lo any Kenwood t^wdi.
Completa with PTT and LOCK switches, and a
mitrrophone plug for mstant hook-up to any
Kenwood rig. Ea&ily convened io high or low
impeciance. (60O or 5Qk ohm)

TRIO-KENWOOD COMMUNICATIONS INC.

mi WEST WALNUT/COMPTON, CA 90220

KENWOOD

, fmirnrUti in aimstttif mtJiu

ffont psge $

GB IN PERSPECTIVE

Whils a lot of amateMrs are still
uptight over CBers and their often
wanton ways, others are busy wel-
comirtg th& cream of the Cfi crop into
amateur radio. About 80% of tlie new
ham* are coming frann the C8 ranks, a
Navy percentage of those tm'irtg the
highly illegal HFerSv Oddly enough,
despite aJf sorts of warnings of dis-
aster, the new hams are doing qyite

Byt virhat about the manufacturers?
We are now seeing more aiKl more of
the CB firms turning lo amateur radio
,.. How come? In this case we can
laugh, for the CB industry went to a
lot of expense and trouble to almost
mortally wound itself,

iack in the glorious days when
everythirkg was back -ordered and the
manufacturers were more worried
ibout completion of construction of
their new plants than anything else,
tfte bigwigs of the btz did irivest some
money tDwsrd making their future
«ven mstef titan it then speared.
They could see the 23 channels then
Available rapidly filling up and there
being not only a need for more
channels on 27 MHz, but ^so a need
for two to five megahertz for further
CB development, as millions of people
got into the act.

The "donations" went to their
lobby in Washington. Here the money
was spent to put the pressure on the
FCC for new bands and for 27 MHz

EDiTORfAL 8Y WA YNE GREEN

eKpanston. When they ran Into re-
sistance from the FCC, they then
went via the OTP {White House) to
force the FCC to capitulate. It's
actually a bit more sordid than that,
but you get the idea.

Through TV, movies, records, and a
lot of newspaper and magazine pub-
licity, the pressure was kipt on to
keep CB growing . . , arvf it did. Then
the plan to expand the 27 MHz band
went through the usual FCC heeV
dragging^ which amateurs are all too
familiar witfi, and luddenly the
country was faced w'rth the choice of
buyir^ a CB ^i which would be
virtual! V worthless in six months or
else watting six months for the new
40-channe1 sets. Sales of CB sets just
about stopped, while the factories in
Japan kept grtncfing out the 23-
channel sets to further bulge a I reedy-
bulging warehouses in the U.S.

By the time the 40- channel sets
could be purchased, the steam had
gone out of the market and the
demand for the new sets never reaUy
material I zsd. That lesson having been
teamed, tiie pnestres for opening a
new Cfl in the VHF or UHF bands
cooled quickly. Of course, the tack of
pressure has not stopped ttia FCC
from its conskJerations in this tine . . .
these things move like a glacier and
are as difficult to stop. One of the last
things CB msnufacttirers and dealers
need now is a new Citizens Band.

One publisher, anxious to start a
new "Communicator" magazine, did
manage to pull the FCC to a halt by

Memorial bmt of Marwm at the s&tion stie.

writing in a nationally-syndicated CB
column that the new band would soon
be announced. The FCC took this as a
challenge and tabled the whole
matter. They are not about to be
pressured like that.

My plan to encourage ham clubs to
institute Novice classes has worked

well, and the result has been a sub-
stantial growth in amateurs . * *
enough so the need for a Communi"
cator class of license is no lor>ger
important. The two reasons for the
Communicator proposal were to pro*

Continued on p^ge 4 J

Oscar Orbits

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23809 BTN

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23672

23684 BTN

23697 &TH

237CS

23722 BTN

23734

23747 STN

23759

23772 STN

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0030:40
QUbM
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14^86 B
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142118
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14236 80
1 424d A
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19
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The listed data tells you the t^me and place OSCAR crosses the equator m afi
ai^nding orbit for the first time each day. To calculate successive orbits, makt
a Itst of the first orbrt number and the next twelve orbits for that day. List the
lime of the tirst orbit. Each successive orbit is 1 15 minutes later (two hours lesi
five minutes) ^ The chart gives the longitude of the first crossing. Add 29'' for
each succeeding orbit When OSCAR is ascending on the othef side of the
world, it wtll ciescend over you. To find the equatorial deKendtr^g longitude,
subtract 166 degrees from ihe aiamding longitude. To find the time it passes
the north pole, &dd 29 minutes to the time it passes the equator. You ^ould be
able to hear OSCAR when it is within 45 degrees of you. The easiest way to do
this is to take a globe and draw a circle with a radius of 2480 miles (4000
kilometers) from the home QTH. If it passes right overhead, you should be abl«
to hear it for about 24 minutes total. OSCAR will pass an imaginary line drawn
from San Francisco to Norfolk about 12 minutes after passing the equator.
Add about a mmute for each 200 miles that you live north of this fine. If
OSCAR passes 15 degrees from you, add another minute; at 30 degrees, three
minutes: at 45 degrees^ ten minutei

OSCAR 6 : Input
145.90146.00 MHi- Output
29.45 29.55 MHz; Telemetry
beacon at 29.45 MHz.
OSCAR 7 Mode A: Input

145.a5-t45.95 MHjt; Output
29.40-29.50 MHz,
Mode B; Input
432.125-432.175 MHz; Out-
put 145.925^ 145.975 MHz.

Orbits designated *'X" are closed to general use. "ED'* are for educational
use, "BTN" orbits contain news bulletins, "Q" orbits have a ten Watt erp ttmit.
"V indicates link orbiL "N" or "S" tndicstes that Oscar 6 is available only on
northbound or southbound passes. Satellites are not available to users on "NA"
days.

tel \ Ma Bp l] that

3 ! '1 e s h o u

W6LS

]

I have not seen a Caveat Emptor
section in T3 Magaiirm ff>r a tong
time, ^f "fou no longer print ads,
ignore the two typed below. However,
if you still conduct this service, please
print the following ads:
CQ md QST W50-7975 tssaes for
safe. Send SAS£ if orden'fjg 73, Ham
Radio, or other CQ and QST issues ^
One doifar mmimum order, and ail
issues cost 25& each, mciudmg USA
shipping. Send chrorw/ogicst list and
fun payment to W6LS, 2814 Empire,
Burbank CA 91504.
CBftificate for provert two-way rsdio
contacts with amateurs in aif ten USA
calf areas. Award suitabie to frame,
and pro\/en achi&vefnents added on
request. SASE tnngs TAD data sheet
from W6LS, 2814 Empire, Burbanf(
CA 91504.

As you may remember, our club
has operated a used amateur radio
magaiinei ^rvice for more than a
decade. It was your donation of 73
Mag9nn& that enabted us to start ^is
project. We have shipped more than
3000 issues in one month, and we
seldom send less than 300 magazirtes
durii^g a month. Our magazine sen/ice
(s appreciated by amateurs, and we
have filled requests from every state
and about 40 countries. We often
receive very kind comments from
amateurs who are happy to receive
needed issues. Out club is a nonprofit
organization, and we regularly donate
' 'income" to worthwhile causes as-
sociated with the amateyr radio
service. As is indicated in our ad, our
supplies of 7 J and fiam fladio issues
are always limited, and we have
actually been completely out of them
several times in the last few years.

We hope you understand that you
and your staff are welcome to drop in
at W6LS for unannounced visits when-
ever yoy are in our area. We are open
weekday evenings 4:30-5:30 pm and
7:30^9:30 pm. Actyally, W6LS is
open and active at least 30 houi^ per
week. Please exterxl our invitation to
your staff. We are pleased to see Bill
Pasternak whenpever he attends an
everrt at W6LS, and that is usually a
couple of times per year.

WSLS is St in as active as ever^ We
help license about 300 amateurs per
year In the courses our members
teach, including about 1B0 at W6LS.
We actively support amateur-related
activities, such as communications for
Walk'A Thons and Bike-A-Thons- We
have hosted repeater conferences the
last few years, along with meetings of
other special interest groups such as
SOWP, QCWA, OOTC, Ten-Ten Inter-
national, Southern California Antique

Radio Society, Southern California
Radio Teletype, MARS groups, and
others. We continue to be active in
commur^rty affairs, such as through
our hosting of the annual volunteers
fecognition day (Sunday, 25
September 1977^ for tf^ Burbank
Red Cross. W6LS is also collecting
donations of aluminum in 1977, and
spending the income to buy refresh-
mants for Red Cross blood donors in
Burbank. Our 1 2th annual convention
drew a little mora than 3000
attendees, and we have reached the
point where we are considering a
move CO larger quartern, W6LS has
served as the receiving point for the
ARRL California Incoming DX QSL
Bureau during the last few years, and
h runs ^noothlY now with pfenty of
help. W6LS sorts received SASEs and
DX cards according to the first letter
In the calisign suffix, and we ship
packages to indivtdual suffix sorters,
who are members of other ciubs In
our Los Angeles Area Council of
Amateur Radio Clubs. We are so
deeply involved in several major pro^
jects that our clu broom looks like a
combination storage room and junk
shop.

I have taken up Herb Brier's
(W9AD) old battle to help new ama-
teurs through the Novice column in
CO f\^agazine. As you may recall, I
have a lot of interest in the problems
faced by new amateurs in general and
Novices in particular. I hope to pro-
vide them with some help via this
column, although I realize it may not
last long (since the FCC is making
noises about eliminating the Novtce
class of license).

I established an amateur radio
operating award to provide a bit more
incentive to new amateurs and to
honor our beagle dog (Tad) who spent
more time at W6US than most
members while he was alive. The Ten
American Districts certificate Is
increasingly popular with new ama-
teurs, and I have already issued almost
12O0 of them to amateurs In all states
and about 50 countries.

Wdtiam Welsh W6DDB
LERC Amateur Radio Club/W6tS

Burbank CA

Hi, Bilf . . . congratulations on the
column in CQ . . . and sorry ive are
out of the ctassified business these
days. Well try to be sure to say helio
on our next trip out your way * , .
keep up the good work with f\/ovice
classes, - Ed.

HOT TICKET

I'm an ak conditioning engineer
who's worked the past year in Iran,

where it's been 102'' F, for the past
month. I've been a ham for about
seven years, and have had callsigns
ODBGT and F0AZK. I now operate
hen& in Tehran with calisign eP2GT*
We a^so have a r^to club here with
about 60 members. Some of these
members receive 73 by air mail from
their American companies, so I've
been able to keep up a bit on ham
radio activities through your fine
publication,

BitI Schlapfer EP2GT
Tehran, Iran

BRAVO

Br wo for your October editorfaf,
"Can The QCWA Save Amateur
Radio?"

I am in accordance with you 100%
— this fine organization, above any
otiier, could do the job that ham radio
sadly needs.

I, regretfully^ am not a member,
but am joining as soon as possible;
Having been in ham radio about 50
years, 1 guess I'm about due.

I understand that such an illustrious
gentleman as Leo Meyerson has re-
cently been elected as a regional
director. Along with many good men
in just about every walk of life, who
do not seek monetary gain and show
no discfiminatlon toward old or new,
who else should represent us except
(as I have mentioned previously)
Wayne Green? . . ,

Paddy LabatoWBDLU
Cleveland OH

REAL PROBLEMS

Regarding the recent announce-
ment of the Rule and Order on FCC
docket '^21033: I would like you to
consider supporting an addition to
this controversial issue (at ieast in the
midwest K

As 1 am not a Tech, I feel that I am
less biased on the subiect than rrtost
Techs are — but I still feel strongly
that the poteniial problems need im-
mediate consideration and action.

I am very disturbed by the talk in
the weak signal portions of our VHF
bands of a so called "war." Now, as in
many times in the past, is the time for
cooperation between all concerned,
not "war." Quoting a recently over-
heard comment on 145.1 MHz, ''Til
throw my kW on the first repeater
input down here/' War is a two-way
affair, and FMs have kWs atso.

In general FMers and low band
operators whom I have discussed this
with realize that DXing, EME, RTTY,
TV and satellites use some of the VHF
spectrum, but they don't know how
much or where. They have been very
receptive and sympathetic to our
potential problems, and would sup-
port gent tern en's agreements and /or
proposals to the FCC to prevent the
potential problems.

My personal feeding is that the Rule
and Order mak^ sense, e>{cept that it
did not go far enough. Gentlemen's
agreemenES can solve the problems of
220 MHz and up if they ^e made

known and are respected by all parties
concerned with the use of these
bands. Two meters, as I see it, is
where the problem lies. No good
argumer^t can be made that FM users
and repeater operators didn't need the
extra t MHz given on 2 — the problem
is going to be that the 300 kHz that
are usable by the Tech class for AM,
SSB, CW, TV, RTTY, facsimile, and
EME from 145.5 to 145.8 MHz is not
going to be enough, General class
license holders and above do far more
work in the area above 145.0 MHz at
present than in the 144 MHz portion.
due to the tremendous activity gen-
erated by the Tech class. You go
where the action is.

As I see it, the only answer Fs to
open up the lower portion of 2 meters
to Techs. The 500 kHz fmm 144 to
144,5 are probably adequate, when
combined with the 300 kHz from
145,5 to 145,8, to handle all modes
and uses. The bottom 100 or 50 kHz
could and probably should be reserved
for A1 only.

I f the bottom of 2 Is not opened to
the Techs, i foresee some real prob-
lems for all users of the band.

Jerry G. Shepherd WBSY^W
Hoffman Est IL

EARfSlING

I just finished reading the letter
from Mark A. Clark WB4CSK in the
September 73. He may be "lust a
kid,'' but he has the attitude of a
mature adult and I agree with his
f stings 100%. There is r>o excuse for
lowering ticket requirements to gain
strength In numbers

I am working toward my Novice
now; and I want the satisfaction of
earning it. I'm a CBer, somewhat
disappointed with CBj and It's my
observation that if 90% of the CB
operators knew more than how to key
the mike and talk, we would have
much less trouble with RFI, over-
modulation^ splatter, and crude
manners*

Amateyr radio doesn't need this
kind of membership.

Dave Dunsmoor KAHB1022
Wahpeton NO

PACING

I have recently become a subscriber
to your magazine, after belonging to
the ARRL for more years than I care
to remember.

I enclose a letter which I wrote to
OS r and which was returned to me
with a copy of an old American
Medical Journal article which merely
Slated the well -known facts that some
later pacemakers have better shielding
than some earlier models,

I had hoped that my experience
might at least stay on file for the
benefit of others who have the prob-
lem. Since receiving my letter back, I
have withdrawn my permission for
QSrio use my experiences.

Perhaps I had better say that when

Continued on page 32

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FCC Math

John F. Leahy WB6CKN
P.O.Box 539
Gonzaies CA 93926

in this installment, we'll leisureSy
pfay around with Ohm's Law and tie
up some loose ends from Part 1 ,

First, to Ohm's Law. Probably the
simpfest statement is: voltage ^ cur-
rent X resistance. In symbols, E = IR
(remember, it's not necessary to put a
muttiplication sign between tetters}.
And what it means is that the instan-
taneous voltage or pressure across a
pureEy resistant circuit equals the
amoLint of current flowing times the
resistance offered to that flow, I used
the words "mstantaneous" and
"purely resistant" to take care of ac as
well as dc circuitry. The further you
get Into etectronics, the more you see
of such bothersome tittle distinctions.
Things are just never simple!

Let's now do some algebraic
wiggling like we did in Part 1. If E =
IR (back to playing with number
equations if necessary), then I = E/R
and R = E/l. Which is to say that the
current in a purely resistive circuit
equals the voltage (pressure) divided
by the resistance (the greater the
voltage and the less the resistance, the
more the current, just like a hose
carrying water}, and the resistance in
the circuit equals the voltage divided
by the current {the greater the voltage
and the less the current, the greater
the resistance must be},

Mow an example: Suppose you
wanted to develop 5 volts across a
resistor that carried 25 milliamps
(mA) of current. What size resistor
would you need? Here we're looking
for the R of our formula. A good way
to remember the Ohm's Law formulas
is simply to note that E, voltage, Is
always on top, never on the bottom of
the fraction. R - E/L then, is the form
we want here. But there's a problem.
The formula works for Ohms, volts
and Amps (Amperes), whereas here
we have mifltamps. Using the proper
units is always a critical factor in these
problems, as it is in any measurement
situation. You might be^ 6 feet tall.
You most certainly are "not 6 inches
tall. The number {B in this case}
means nothing unless it's hooked up
with the correct unit of measurement.
So in our problem milliamps are no
good if we want our answer in Ohms
(but, as we shall see, they are fine if
we want our answer in kilohms).

8ut this again brings upthesub{ect
of prefixes, which is quite a subject

c
d

— c

B Id
8 6

1 s

r o
•D E

7 3

1
2

indeed. MEHi and kilo {and the mega
we saw in our last lesson] are ex-
amples. They are hooked onto the
front of a unit word and completely
change the size of that unit. Milli, for
example, means tho\^%ar\dths , kilo
means thousanc/s, mega means
millions. So 25 mA is 25 thousandths
of an Amp {0.025 A}. Notice how
much shorter the phrase 25 mi If lamps
is than the phrase 25 thousandths of
an Amp, Also note that with 0.025
you're into decimals, whereas with 25
you are not. Learning to work with
prefixes, abbreviations and other
shortcuts is mighty important in elec-
tronics computations, unless you
don't mind taking up lots of space and
time in computations that could be
done with dispatch.

But to finish our problems, we now
know that 25 milliamps is 0,025
Amps, something that we can plug
into our formula even if we have not
yet learned shortcut ways of handling
decimals. R = E/l becomes R -
5/0.025 for our problem. Dividing
bottom into lop, we get 200. So 200
Ohms is the resistance we want.

Let's check our work. To do so,
we'll again use Ohm's Law, but the
configuration E = IR. If weVe done
our work correctly, 5 volts should
equal 25 mA times 200 Ohms,
Multiply 0.025 x 200 and, sure
enough, up comes 5. We must have
done things the right way,
,^'_J- Before we jump back into prefixes
^ifid decimals to tie things together for
'"this installment of our series, let's take
further note of units of measurement,
since, as we've already seen, keeping
these units straight in our work is
pretty important. Notice how we
multiplied Amps and Ohms together
to get voltsi Wow, all different units!
That often happens with multiplica-
tion and division. The units of
measurement of the answer may be
entirely different from those of the
problem. That's not true of addition
and subtraction. If I add so many
Ohms plus so many Ohms. Til get
Ohms in my answer. If I subtract so
many volts from so many volts, I'll get
volts in my answer. The reason you
get different units with division and
multiplication is that units cancel just
like numbers cancel: S x 11% x 9 -
7/9. The fives cancel. Or else one unit
of measurement is defined in terms of
other units so that they can be inter-
changed with those other units and
youVe still dealing with the same
reality- The thing to remember is that

3
o

^-1

-a
re

*fl

■o

fS o

■o

Vi lb

units are handled logicalty in com-
putations. With addition and subtrac-
tion, you'll get the same units in the
answer as you had In the problem.
With multipl ication and division, you'll
drop some units or get new units, but
the units you dropped were canceled
out and the new units were just
''hidden" in the original units because
of the deffnition of those original
units. An example: Drive a car at 55
miles per hour for 3 hours and youVe
gone 165 miles. What happened to the
hours? Here's what happened: 55
miles/hour x 3 hours - 165 miles
hours/hour. The hours canceled be-
cause they were in top and bottom.
Note a3so that when you say per, you
mean divide. 55 miles per hour means
55 miles/1 hour. That may seem
strange, but it all works out very nice
and logically.

Another example. 7 miles equals
36,960 feet How's that? Miles and
feet are totally different units! Here's
what you didn't see. There are 5,280
feet per miie. So we have 7 miles
times 5,280 feet/1 mife. The mifes
cancel and we get 36,960 feet. That
kind of thing goes on all the time in
electronics. You just take the dis-
appearance and reappearance of units
for granted when a multiplication or
division is involved.

Now some decimal stuff* There's
just no way of avoiding it^ though we
have skirted around it so far. Perhaps
99% of computations in electronics
require good working knowledge of
our decimal system*

A decimal system Is a ten system
(from the Latin d&cem, meaning ten}.
Every time you move to the left, you
multiply by ten; every time you move
to the right, you divide by ten. In the
number 777- 7, the left hand 7 is ten
times bigger ihan the 7 to its right.
That one. in "turn, Is ten times bigger
than the one to its right, and so on.
777,7 means 7 hundreds + 7 tens + 7
ones +7 tenths, 700 + 70 + 7 + 7/10.

Naming numbers in our decimal
system can be kind of tricky, because
there's a variety of ways, all meaning
the same thing. 7,700 can be named
seven thousand seven hundred, or
seventy-seven hundred, 0.025 is nor-
mally named 25 thousandths, though
it means 2 hundredths and 5 thou-
sandths. Look at the fraction equiva-
lent, and you can see why. 2/100 +
5/1000 = 20/1000 + 5/1000 =
25/1000, (Slormally numbers smaller
than one are named by the last digit
to the tight 0.7 (by the way, a zero is
usually stuck In before the decimal
point just to make sure everyone
understands it f's a decimal point we
are dealing with and not a period or
something, and that there are no other
digits to the left of the decimal) is

-B ^

-d
c
m

£
O

in
O

■u

1 7 4

6 2 6

Fig. 1.

9 0 8 7 6 14 3

QSLsl

wnDii

iEw pa^ 252

seven tenths, because the 7 is in the
tenths column. 0.93250 is nine-
thousand three- hundred and twenty-
five ten-thousandths, because the 5 is
in the ten-thousandths column (you
don't consider zeros to the right of
that last non-zero digit, 5 in this case}.
0.035 is thirty-five thousandths be-
cause the 5 is in the thousandths
column. Using prefixes: 325 milliamps
(remember, milli means thousandths}
is 0,325 A. The B goes In the thou-
sandths column because it is the digit
to the right. 37 kitohms {remember,
kilo means thousands) Is 37,000. The
7 is the digit to the right and so goes
into the thousands column. You'll
notice I snuck one in there. 37
kilohms is not smaller than onef
Prefixed numbers follow the rule
whether larger or smaller than one-
Fig, 1 shows an unwieldly number,
86,732,174,626 908761435 {that's 86
bilHon, etc.), with the names of each
column written above, just in case
you're not familiar with those names.
If you wish to test your knowledge,
you might try translating that
monstrous number completely into
words. (Check yourself against the
note at the end of this piece,}

You will no doubt recall that the
rules for adding and subtracting
decimals are pretty simple. You just
keep the decimal points directly above
and below one another. 3.025 volt* +
765 volts + 0.00096 volts becomesi

3,025 V
765 V
+ 0.00096 V

You can fill in zeros if you want And
note that 765 has an invisible decimal
point to its right. Any number in our
system has that invisible point if none
is showing, and you have to make it
visible when doing computations. So
you might do the problem;

003.02500 V

765,00000 V

+ 000.00096 V

"7^8.02596 volts

Notice how those decimals are kept in

a stra igh 1 1 i ne*

Subtractions are done pretty much
as you might expect. 28,966 milli-
amps - 0.00046 milliamps becomes;

28.96600 mA
- OQ.Q0Q46 mA

2B. 96554 milliamps

Note the zerof w« threw into both
those problems. It's often quit£
helpful to throw in or lake out zeros
tike that. (Of course, you can't cto it
m the mrddle of a number or beti^een
the decimal point and some other
digits. 706 i£ not the sdJUe as 76.
0,009 is not the sanr^eas 0.9. 73,000 ts
not the same as 73U Orily zbfos at the
es^treme right Of left can neceive that
kind of treatment.

MMltiplyimi ilecimats is simple
enough. Just multiply as though there
were no decimal point, then count up
the number of decimal places in both
the numbers you multiplied and add
those two counts, That'i how many
peaces are in the answer. Eicample:
0.000037 Amps sc 26,000 Ohms might
be done simply:

26,000
?e37

1 8S000

78000

There are no decimal places in 26,000,
but there are 6 in 0,000037, So there
will be 0 + 6, or 6 places in our
answer. It becomes 0,962000, or,
dropping those unnecessary zeros to
the right, simply 0-962. (Of course,
you have to count the 6 places while
the zeros are still there,) If that was an
Ohm's Law problem, oyr answer is
0 J62 voits.

Decimal division is nnore difficutt.
Well do a couple problems and state
the rule at the same time. Problem:
t8.73 volts ^ 6 J milliamps (remem-
ber, that's 0.0069 Amps).

o.oo69rrsr75

Abbreviation
P

Prefix
pico

Size

tr Itionths

nano

bllionths

micro

millionths

mini

thousandths

c
k

cent!
kiJo

hundredths
thousands

mega

millions

Examples

7 pF mear^s 7 picofarads, 0.000000000007 farads

6 pS means 5 picosecondSp 0.000000000005 seconds

1 ns means 1 nanosecond, 0.000000001 seconds
3 nF means 3 nanofarads, 0.000000003 farads

8 ^F means 8 microfarads, 0,000008 farads

9 (is means 9 microseconds, 0,000009 seconds
6^V means 6 microvolts, 0.000006 volts

A fiH means 4 microhenrys, 0.000004 Henrys

2 mA means 2 milliamps, 0.002 Amps (Amperes)

5 mV means 5 millivolts, 0.005 volts

7 mW means 7 milliwatts. 0.007 Wans

3 mH means 3 mlMihenrys, 0.003 Henrys

1 ms means t millisecond, 0.001 second

6 cm means 6 centimeters, 0.06 meters
9 km means 9 kilometers, 9O0O meters
B kV means 8 kilovolts, SOOO voits

4 kW means 4 kilowatts, 4000 Watis

2 ka means 2 kilohms, 2000 Ohms

3 kS means 3 kilobucks. S3000I

5 Mo means S megohms, 5,000,000 Ohms

7 MW means 7 megawatts, 7,000,000 Watts

6 MV means 6 megavoHs. 6,000,000 volts

{n 00069,

Rufe: A^o*« the decimaf point of the

divisor ft^& number you are dividing

byl aff the vi^ to the right

{2) 69.

ffuie: Drop ttiB unne€ess3ry zeros.

(3)69

8ute: Let the dBcim^ point become

ifwisith.

{A) 187300.

/?y/e.' Move The decimaf point of the

dividend (the number you are dividing

into} the same number of phces to

the right as you did for the divisor.

Add as many zeros to the right as

fi ecessary to do this,

(5) 69)187300.

Rate: Put the prabfem together with
these new numbers end set a decimaf
point for the answer direcdy above
the point in the dividend.

2714.4

(6) 69)1^73000

138

(7)

Tath I. Common Abbreviations and prefixes.

In electronics. If this was an Ohm's
Law problem, an answer of 2700
Ohms would be plenty accurate in
most cases,

Let*s try arxither problem, in order
to see where the last rule applies: 12.6
volte T^ 47 k if ohms (remember, that's
47,000 OhmsK

(8)

453

4S3
^RIO

69
276

340
276

Rule: Paying no further attention to
the decintai point, proceed with the
division as you would with any other
division, putting each digit of the
answer above the fast digit to the right
of the digit or digits you /usr divided
into.

Rule: If necessary to get a deceit*
sized ansvmr, add zeros to the right of
the deeiwst paint in the dividends (We
added one here, even though it was
not necessary.}

Rule: ff ^iplicabte^ M in die space
between the decimal point arxi the
first digit to the right with zeros, (This
does not apply here, but wilf in the
next problemj

In the above problem, we stopped
dividing after getting one decimal
place In our answer. Actual ly, we
could ftave stopped 3 tot sooner.
Remember (Part I) that you seldom
n«ed more than 2- or 3-ciigit accuracy

47,OD0Tl5S

(5) 47000)T2!B"

Ruies: Notice that rules 1, 2, 3, and 4
do not apply, since the decimal point
is already to the right in 47,000. This
brings us to 5, Band 7. And fwte that
to apply 6^ we first must use rule 7,
(7) 47000)15:500000
Rule: To get 3 digit accuracy, we have
to add $ zeros to the f2M,

(6) 268
47000)12.600000

94000
3 20000
2 82000
' 380000

376000

Rule: Note where that first digit of

the answer goes (above the last digit

to the right that you are dividing into

that first'Step), Very important! Also

important: Keep digits directly above

or below the correct digits in the

subtractioo process^ That helps avoid

errors.

(S) .000268

Rufe: if you didn't leave that space

for the 3 zeros, your answer would be

incorrect.

Our Ohm's Law answer is 0.000268
Amps, which is 0.26S mill tamps or
2S3 mcroamps.

These divisions can get mighty
hairy. That's why next time we'll get
into some pretty clever methods for
handling divisions and a lot of thinp
that are simpty too difficult otfier-
wise.

This brings us finally to abbrevia-
tions and prefixes. Look over ihe
Table 1 above rsfher carefully. There
are other abbreviations and prefi»tes,
hut these are the common ones. It*ll
be quite liseful to have tftcse stashed
away in your mind for future refer-
ence.

f^ow try this exercise- C^eck your-
self against tfie work and answers at
tfie end of the column.
(1) Solve for the unknown usirtg
Ohm*s Law:

(a}750V,330mA,R=*?
(b)470 0, t1 mA, E = ?
(cj 18 V, 2200 0,l = ?
(2} In the same way that we did
7777, break down this number:
1 7.352

NotB

Answer; Eifhl-iix tailMon Mvcrv hundred
thirty-two million one hundred tevgntyfaMT
thoussod six hundred tw§rrtv-s()t Mnd nint
hundred eifht minion seven hundred fixtv-
OTue ihoysand four hundred thirty-five
billionthgf

Work and Answers to EHsrdsat
750

anal R -

.330

2,275
330)750,000
660
900
660
2400
2310
900
660
240

Ifs best to foiind an$vif«ir out to 2300 Ohnu,
(bjE-470KO.OTt

470
x11

470
470
5170

There an 3 dgcim&l pl^oes hn O.OIt, to th*
imw«r ra 5 J 70 or 5l1 7 volt^

'^ ' 2200

.ooeia

220011 8.00D0D

17600

4000

2200

leooo

t7600

400

Ans^Hf : 0.0081 B Amps (»r 8 JS ntA.

i2l 1 ten + 7 CH>e$ + 3 tenths ^ 5 hundr«^|hf
^ 2 thoiisBTXtdis, or

10 + 7+— +— + — L
10 100 1000

RTTY Loop

Marc A Leavey, M.D. WA3AJR
4006 Wf'niee Road
Randaiktown MD 21133

Ham curiosity being what ft is, I'm
sure anv of you with HF receivers
have chanced across funny-sounding
signals on the low end of 80 or 20. By
now, you shoutd be aware that the
''tweed le-tweedle-dee" you hear is
FSK RTTY. This month we shall
investigate, in general terms, methods
of decoding transmitted RTTY.

To begin with, recall that there are
two methods of transmitting RTTY
presently in use: FSK and A FSK.

MARK FflEO

SPACE f^e:o.

FiLTEfi
PASSB^riD

When operating AFSK, you are pre-
sented with two audio tones, on stan-
dard frequencies (2975 Hz and 2125
Hz), regardless of the rf carrier fre-
quency. FSK, however, presents two
rf "tones*' which, while their relation-
ship is standard (850 Hz or 170 Hz
apartL niay be any of an infinite
number of discrete frequencies.

Logically, our first task is to con-
vert the FSK into something stan-
dardized for decoding — A FSK I Fig. 1
illustrates how one obtains the proper
frequencies. Note that the FSK iS
tuned much in the manner of lower
sideband, taut that the bfo frequency

USUAL BFO INJECTION
FfJEQUENCY FOR LSB

EFFECTIVE BFO
INJECTION FREOUENCY
FOR RTTY

1615

EI25 Hi
OLF.

2975 He
DIP.

3655

KH*

Fig. 7.

AUOlO INPUT*

■

SELECTOR

MAONETS

DETECTOR

-w-

KEYER

LOOP

SUPPLY

ng. 2.

IN270

AUDIO
INPUT

SELECTOfT
MAQNETS

AUDIO OUTPUT TRANSFORMER
4ft'&000il TYPICAL

FOR THOSE
REHEMaER .,
TUPE!

TOO VOUNG

,.THIS IS A

Fig. 3.

is set to reproduce the 2 kHz tones
rather than speech. For those of you
with crystal bfos (such as the Heath-
kits) ^ a third bfo rock should be used
to provide the appropriate offset.

By the way, receiving schemes are
available which convert not to audio,
but to the receiver i-f frequency,
typically 455 kHz^ and demodulate
from there. These systems are anal-
ogous to those covered here, but will
not be specifically discussed.

So, how do you get the ''tweedle-
dee" to key your Model 15? Let's
take a giant step backward. Re-
member ON-OFF keying? I told you
that would come in useful! Look at
the block diagram in Fig. 2. A tone
arriving at the Input is "detected/'
i.e., rectified, and applied to a keying
stage. The keying stage is an electronic
switch that is closed in the absence of
a signal, but opens when such a signal
is input Feeding an OM-OFF keyed
space signal into this primitive con-
verter would produce a usable output,
or, by keying a relay to invert the
signal, on -off mark keying could be
used.

Of course, we don't use OM-OFF
keying, though, so what can we do?
The simplest thing is to tune the HF
receiver bfo so that the mark fre-
quency is zero beat. The audio is then
an 850 Hz {or 170 Hz) ON-OFF
keyed space tone, and can be decoded
fay the practical circuit shown In Fig.
3. This Is one of the circuits con-
structed and used at WA3AJR during
the mid'1 960s.

A more advanced approach is to use
this basic circuit twice, on both the
mark and space signals. By using
fiiters tuned to the appropriate fre-
quencies, each tone may be directed
through a detector, and to keyers
which would alternate polarity for
mark and space. A special relay, called
a "polar relay," can be drivers off this
alternating signal to key the loop. This
scheme became known as the
"W2PAT" converter, after its daddy,
and is block-diagrammed in Fig;, 4.
With a "combiner" stage added to
dispense with the poler relay and key
the loop directly, this circuit remains
an easy-to -understand way to get into
RTTY reception.

Upon this foundation comes a
whole raft of demodulator designs.
Thoughts and concepts such as Jim iter
vs. IJmiterless detectors, AM vs. FM
techniques, and multiple other refine-
ments have been debated. Additional

NEW BOOK

circuits, such as autostart or character
recognition, have been tossed about.
Lately, an entire new generation of
converters based on phase locked loop
technology has arisen. Still, the vast
majority of hams active on RTTY got
their start on circuits such as covered
this month. Only after one under-
stands the fundamentals can one
branch out into new areas. We'll ex-
plore some of those branches another
time.

A card from Dan Griffith WB0IVJOU
was received, asking for a more de-
tailed explanation of ''space/' Let's
see what I can do.

Consider a wire with a voltage on it.
This voltage can be either on or off*
We will call the ''on" state "V and
the "off" state "0". Now, if we start
to turn the voltage on and off in a
coded sequence, such as the Baudot
teletype code, the line wili demon-
strate a pattern of rapidly changing Is
and Os. By convention, it has become
customary to call the "1" "mark" and
the ''0" "space." Although 1 used
ON-OFF voltages in this example, it
could have been OF PON keying,
positive and negative> high and low, or
changes En ac or rf frequency. The
words "mark" and "space'' denote a
logic state difference, just as do "'V
and ''0". "Space" has frothing to do
with the "space" character on a tele^
type. Any system in which a signal is
coded as two state* could have a
"mark" and ''space/' even Morse
codel

An overview of transmitting circuits
is up for next time. Meanwhile, If
anyone has specffic points or ques-
tions for future columns, ptease send
them to me at the above address, or In
care of 73.

MARK

DCTECTOR

-w-

FILTER

AUDEO INPUT

SPACE fl
FILTER C^

DETECTOR

SHAPER

Fig. 4.

KEVER

POLAR
RELAT

TO
SELECTOR

MAGMETS

KEYER

Hoben Baker WB2Qf£
15 Windsor Dr.
At CO NJ 08004

ARRL 160 METER CONTEST
Starts: 2200 GMT Friday,

E^ecember 2

Ends: 1600 GMT Sunday.

December 4

The 7th annual ARRL 160 Meter
Contest is open \q at I amateurs on CW
onty. Mu I ti -operator work ts per-
mitted and scores vvitl be listed sepa-
rately in the remil% tstii they will not
be eligtblfi for certificates,
EXCHANGE:

RST and ARRL section or country.
SCOfiiNG:

QSOs with arrtateurt in an ARRL
seaion count 2 points; QSOs with
amateurs not in am ARRL section are
wonh 5 points. DX to OX QSOs do
not count Multipligr is the total
numbef of ARRL sections (741, VE8,
and foreign countries worked*
AWARDS:

Certificates will be awarded for
section and norvW/VH coumry high
scores. Division high scores will have
their section award endorsed with an
approF>riat€ sea).
FORMS:

It is suggested that contest forins be
obtained from the ARRL, 226 Main
St^ Newington CT 06111. Check
sheets are not required, but a penalty
of 3 additional contacts will be made
for each duplicate contact.

These ruies wBfB takers from fast
year's corrtest For complete ruhs, see
the Novemb&r issue of QST.

CONNECTICUT OSO PARTY
Starts: 2000 GMT Saturday,

December 3

Ends: 0200 GMT Monday,

December 5

Rest Period: 0500 to 1200 GMT

December 4
The Candlewood ARA has moved
its 15th CT OSO party frtim the
traditionai first of May to the first
weekend of December In an effort to
find a time when band conditions are
favorable and when other events are
minimal Phone and CW are con-
sidered to be the same contest, Sta^

tions may be worked once on each
band and mode. Out^f -state portables
and mobiles operating In CT are re-
quested to identity themselves as
such. Counties certificate will be
awarded to each station working all 8
CT countiesL
EXCMANGE;

QSO number, RSfT), and ARRL
section or CT coiiniy.
FREQUENCtES:

SSB -^ 3925. 7250, 14300, 21375.
28540.

CW — 40 kHz up from bottom of
each band.
SCORING:

Non-CT stations multiply total
number of CT QSOs by number of CT
counties worked (8 max J. CT stations
multiply total number of QSOs by
number of ARRL sections and pruv^
inces. Additional DX contacts count
for QSO pointy but only one DX
muiliptier is allowed overalL Q1QL
the Club station, v/il1 be operating CW
on odd hours, and SSB on even hours,
and counts as 5 QSOs on each band
and mode.
ENTRIES:

Logs must show category, date,
time (GMT), calls, numbers, bands,
QSO points, and claimed scores.
Enclose a large SASE for results. Send
logs, postmarked by Jan. 15, to
CAR A, c/o Fred Porter WlVH, 169
Carmen Hill Rd. Nr. 2, New Milford
CT 06776.

TOPS CW CONTEST

Starts; 1800 GMT
Saturday, December 3

Ends^ 1800 GMT
Sunday, December 4
General call is "CD QMF/' Entry
classes for singte/muiti-operator. Use
3.5 to 3.6 MHz band only; use low
end of band for DX-CW only!
EXCHAf^GE:

RST and serial number from 00 L
SCORfNGr

Contacts with own country ^ 1
point; each call area in W/K, VE/VO,
VK, and UA count as separate coun-

L/fiC -4^*1

Dec 3-5

Dec 10-11

Dec 17-1S
Dec 31
. . . 1978 .
Jan 14
Frt^ll 12
Aug 19^20

ARRL 160 Meter Contest

TOPS CW Contest
Alexander Volta RTTY Contest
EA Phone Corrtest
Connecticut QSO Party
ARRL 10 fVtetef Contest
EACWCorrti^t
HA DX Contest
SOWP CW Christmas party
Key Night

Hunting Lions in the Air Cont^t

Ten-T«n tniertiational Net Winter QSO Party

^y QSO Party

tries. Comacts with stations in same
continent count 2 points, other oarv
tinents " 5 points. Contacts with HQ
station GW8WJ or GW6AQ count 25
points- Total score is total number of
QSO points times number of prefixes
worked (as per WPX award rules).
ENTRiES:

Send logs to Peter Lumb G3IRM^
14 Linton Gardens, aufv SaJift
Edmunds, Suffotk IP33 2DZ, United
Kingdom.

How about some US participation
this year? There wasn't a sirt^e entry
from North America last year!

ALEXANDER VOLTA RTTY DX
CONTEST

Starts; 1200 GMT Saturday.

Decembers
Ends: 1200 GMT Sunday.

December 4
Two-way RTTY contacts between
stations of the sam© country are not
valid. Ail 2' way RTTY contacts with
stationi in one's own zone will count
2 points; those outsidie one's own
zone count for points in accordance
with the exchange points table. All
2' way RTTY contacts made on 7 MHz
are worth double; those on 3.5 or 2S
MHz are worth triple points. Stations
may only be worked once per band. A
muttipiier of one is given for each
country contacted on each band.
Total score is total exchange points
times the total number of multipliers
times the total the total number of
QSOs. Italian bonus points are added
last ^ 1000 pomts for each I /IS/ IT
contact on all bands. Note: Each US,
Canadian, and Austral I a r> District will
be considered a separate country 1
Exchange consists of message number,
RST, and zone. Use one log per band.
Log forms, score sheets and exchange
points table are available for IRCs.
Logs must be received before Jan, 20,
1978, to qualify {advisable to use air
mail). Send logs and score sheets to:
A. V. RTTY DX Contest Committee,
SSB & RTTY Club, PO Box 144,
22100 Como, Italy.

This contest is open to SWL
RTTYers as well, and the same rules
apply as used for trar^mltiing sta-
tions: a separate results table wtif be
made for these entries. Contest awards
iriciude calibooks, plaques, books, etc
In addition, points and positions
achieved in this contest will be valid
for inclusion in the "World RTTY
Championship" for 1977,

Club station I2LL0 will transntit a
special message for 10 minutes at
2350 GMT Saturday. December 3. on
21.100 MHz at 300 Wans 170 Hz
FSK, 4S baud^ A special prize will be
forwarded each amateur submining a
copy of the message transmitted,

ARRL 10 METER CONTEST

Starts: 1200 GMT Saturday,

Dttcimbar 10

Ends: 23S9 GMT Sunday,
December 1 1
The contest ts open to all amateurs
worldwide. All QSOs must take place
on 10 meters, and OSCAR QSOs are
valid. Each station can be worked on
phone-to-phone and CW-to-CW, and
anyone can work anyone. All CW
contacts must be made betwei^i 2S.0
and 28,5 MHz, unless working
through OSCAR, When operating on
10 meters, please avoid the OSCAR
downlink frequencies.

CLASSES:

Entries will be classified as either
single- or multiple-operator stations^
Multiple^transmitter stations are not
allowed,

EXCHANGE:

Alt W/VE stations will send ftS(TJ
arKJ state or province. Othef^ will servd
RStT) and consecutive serial number
starting with 001, Stations that are
not land-based will send RStT) ^T\d
ITU Region (I. 2 or 3i. The District
of Columbia is counted as part of
Maryland.

SCORfNG:

Each completed QSO counts 2
points, or 4 points tf with a W or K
Novice. The multiplier is the sum of
the total number of states, Canadian
call areas (max. 9), ARRL countries
(not US or Canada), and ITU regions
from no n- land-based stations. Final
score is the sum of the QSO points
times the total multiplier.

AWARDS:

A certificate will be awarded to the
highest scoring single-operator station
in each section, Canadian call area,
and foreign country, Region awards
for non- land-based stations, and
awards for multi -operator and Novice
stations will be issued if warranted^

FORMS:

It ts suggested that contest forms be
obtained before the contest from the
ARRL, 225 Main St, Newington CT
061 1 1; Include an SASE. Check sheets
are not required, but a penalty of 3
additional contacts will be made for
each duplicate contact.

Tb&e rules we/^ iaken from f3st
year's contest For complete rules ^ see
the November issue of QST.

HUNGARIAN DX COf^EST
Starts: 1600 GMT Saturday.
December 10
Ends: 1600 GMT Sunday,
December 11
(Unofficial)
The contest is ^lonsored by the
Hungarian Radioamaleur Society and
is open to any licensed radio amateur.
All amateur bands from ^ to 10
met^^ may be used on CW only.
Genera call m ^TEST HA," while
Hungarians will give 'TEST WW."
Entries may be in any of the following
classes: single op, single bend: single
op, mtiltt'band; or multi^op, multi-
band.

EXCHANGE:

RST and continuous serial number
from 001, After their signal report,
Hungarian stations wiil give a two-
letter cx)de for tineir lcx:ation (county)
as foilows; BA, BP, BE, BM, BO, CS,
FE, GY, HA, HE, KO, NO, PE, SA,
SO, SZ, TO, VA, VE,2A.

SCOf^mG:

Each HA QSO counts 1 point. The
same station may be worked oniy
once per band. Eacin different HA
county worked counts 1 multiplier
point per band. Final score Is total
QSO points times sum of multiplier
points from each band.

ENTRIES:

Logs must be made in usual form
with summary sheet and signed
declaration. They should be matled
within 6 weeks after the contest to:
Radio Amateur League of Budapest,
H-1553 Budapest, P.O. Box 2,
Hungary,

AWARDS:

Certificates to first place station
from each country in each class or

section. Additional places if war-
ranted.

1977 CW CHRISTMAS PARTY

The Society of Wireless Pioneers
(SOWP) Is planning a membeirship
Christmas on-the-air CW QSO Party
for the weekend of December 17 and
18, 1977. The party will cover the full
GMT period to altow members around
the world to participate. This will be
the second Christmas on-the-air party
held by the Society.

The purpose of the affair will be to
give members an opportunity to meet
on the air and to exchange Season's
Greetings- There will be no formal
exchange requirements and no need
for members to submit logs, etc.

All members with amateur If censes
are being encouraged to take part. The
call will be CQ SOWP. While there will
be no certificates or other awards
given, everyone who takes part will be
a winner by having an opportunity to
renew old friendships, establtsh new
ones, and continue a camaraderie
developed over the yems.

Suggested frequencies for the party
are 55 kHz up from the tow end of
each amaiteur band. Additional infor-
mation about this party and the
Society can be obtained from the
Party Coord iniator, Bill Wiilmot
K4TF, 1630 Venus Street, Merritt
Island, Florida 32952.

ARRL STRAIGHT KEY NIGHT
0100-0700 GMT Sunday,
January 1
Check QST for any changes in the

rules!

Basically, rules require the use of a
straight key only. Send "SKN" in-
stead of "RST^' during QSOs, to help
identify contest stations. On 80-40-20
meters, try 060 to 080 kHz up from
the bottom edge of the band. On
Novice bands, try 10 kHz up from the
bottom of the Novice band. After the
contest period, send a list of calls of
the stations contacted during the con-
test period, plus your vote for the
best fist heard. Please maii entries as

RESULTS OF THE TEN-TEN INTERNATIONAL NET
SUMMER QSO PABTY - JULY 16-17, 1977

Singh Op stations
U.S. District
1

Mufti-Op:

VE District

1
2

W1MR

346/655

WA1QHS

260/493

WA2YYT

548/1013

K2FW

525/967

W3RJ

1041/1871

WA3YRM

eoO/1 460

K4XS

1046/1897

WB4CHK

716/1315

WA5JDU

555/1057

W5RRR

404/777

WA6LLW

350/641

W6ED

336/638

WB7NCD

443/825

WB7AEB

414/772

WB8FAG

507/937

WB8EDG

253/485

WA9 XF

418/784

WA9PQY

2B4/539

WB0QHV

719/1335

K0JN

632/1 1 78

W9N1N

VE1ASU
VE2DZ0
VE2ADZ
VE3HHS
VE3JHA

501 /925

1 22/229
252/445
t09/206
1 25/233
69/134

VE4VV

197/371

VE40Y

116/221

VEeBCC

73/139

VE7CMK

223/414

VE3CXL/7

39/74

ZF1AK

105/199

KP4DQN

20/39

LU7FAG

86/1 62

LU6DMZ

45/84

DK5UG

11/16

JH3BJG

2/4

JR3GDY

1/2

VK4JP

52/62

CW Winners:

W5SQW

72/93

WB4MWG

23/29

N9DP

8/10

Chapter Winn

ers:

Colorado 10- to 6942/13425

White House

6347/T2U4

Gateway

5599/10819

Bay Area

5634/10653

DeviTs Triangle

\ 4121/7769

Mo-Kan Tenners 3338/6366

CATT

3304/6293

North Georgia

2588/4815

So- California

2458/4636

LIARS

2366/4513

soon as possible to the ARRL^ 225
Main Street, Newington CT 061 11.

WORKED ALL NEW ENGLAND
AWARD

For working stations in each of the
6 New England states on 50 MHz
band or higher. Endorsements on
request for all ATV, SSB, CW,
OSCAR, etc. Ail contacts must be on
or after Jan. 1, 1976. W/K1 stations
work two stations from each state,
other work only one station in each
state. Send log consisting of date,
time, call, name, and state, along with
check or money order for $1.50 (DX
send 2 IRCs) to: Worked All New
England Award, Ronald Pariseau,
Chairman, R1 Box 213A, Thompson
CT 06277. Make checks payable to
Ron Pariseau, Chairman.

TRI-STATE CERTIFICATE

Award is for working stations in the
Tn'-States of Connecticut^ Massachu-
setts, and Rhode Island, Contacts
must be made on or after Jan. 1,
1977. W/K1 stations must work three
stations from each state; other call
areas and DX stations work one sta-
tion from each state. QSLs must be In
your possession, but need not be sent
with application. Cards may, however,
be requested later. Log wiil consist of
date, time, ca3f, name, state. The
award is open to ail amateurs on alt
bands; hand- written endorsements are
available on request. Send fogs and
$2.00 check or money order to: Tri-
State Amateur Radio Club, Award
Committee, Box 213A R1 , Thompson
CT 06277.

I
I

Alt new

*.'

*",

This CertKieate
acknowledges

hat

iii=

, has I successfuiif' worked

six

the r^quirei;^ stationsyWn a

^ew/ EnglajMi states

and has gifBlified/ for endorsementfs)

listed below^'TTl V^ 50 MHz and above.

Endorsement

Signed

'I^J^lfJX^I^Xr

RESULTS OF 1977 NJ QSO PARTY

NJ wmaBts:

Bergen

Burlington

Cape May

Essex

Gloucester

Hunterdon

Middlesex

Monmouth

Morris

WA2GM0

tM2MM

W2VIVIX

K2TA

M2GQ

W2GD

WA2NPP

WB2GXR

WA2EPK

2,970

30,690

546

1 2.208

5,292

16,400

64,253

17,697

8,360

Ocean
Passaic
Somerset
Sussex

Union

W82VWW

IS!2SU

WA2EJZ

WB2KBH

WB2FUE

Top out'Of&taie scores:
K3UEi E. PA

■W2TIMD/1 NH

W6ZT/3 W. PA

W2FVS NYC- LI

9.328

16,352

1,586

10.896

2.187

3,171
2,000

1.748
1,674

Nen/ Products

SINGLE CMOS CHIP MAKES

INEXPEMSIVE 3-3/4 DIGIT

PANEL METER

A new ddditiDn to tl^ Matlonat

Semiconductor data conversion line is
the '^ADD370i;' a sir^gle CMOS fnte^
grated cirtuic which requires only 3
displav. art enter nal voltage reference,
ami a digit drivef to form a complets
3-3/4 digit DVM (digital voltmeter)
that reids up to 3.999 units.

Manufactured using standard CMOS
technology, the ADD3701 is an ex-
tended-range version of Mationafs
"AOD3501" 2% digit DVM iniro-
duced earlier this year^ with readings
up to 1.999. The additional range of
the new DVM chip expands the appli-
cations of the device Into areas where
a reading of 1.999 isn't high enough,
such aA ivet^t measurement on bath-
room scales and measurernent of de-
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The ADD370t utilizes a tingle
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features differential input protection
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cation, ciepending ypon whether the
input voltage is positive or negative.

The 3701 also features auto-polar-
Ity and an on-chip clock that elimi-
nates the need for an external signal
timing circuit. This internal oscillator
can be set by an external RC network,
or the oscillator can be driven from an
external frequency source.

When using the external RC net-
work, a square wave output is ava it-
able. It is important to note that great
care has been taken to synchronize
digit miltipiexing with the A/D con-
version timirig, to eliminate noise
from power supply transients.

A pulse modulation ana log-to-
dig itai conversion method is used,
requiring no external precision com-
ponents. The seven-segment outputs
are capable of deliivering up to 40
milliamps per segmenL making the
ADD3701 ideal iv suited to drive 0.5-
inch and D,7'{nch common cathode
LED displays. The price of th« model

"ADD370rCCN" is S11.95 when
purchased in lots of 100. Deltvery is
from stock. N&tfofmf Sem/coniifuctorf
2900 Semiconducmr Drive, SantB
Claat CA 95051.

THIRD HAND

That's what you need when you are
working on PC boards — they just
won't hold still. One of our readers
out in Hawaii came up with a little
clamp arrangement Iwhtch is being
marketed by a firm in California)
called the 3rd HarKl^ You clamp one
part of it to your table, anything from
3/4*' to \W' ttiick, and then clamp
the other part of the gadget to the PC
board. There is a piano hinge between
the two parts so you can flip the PC
board over and work on both sides.

It selfs for S6.9S plus postage, lax,
etc. 3ni Hand, Box 60579, Sacra-
nmnto CA 95860.

TERMINAL STRIPS FOR
PC BOARDS

The TS series of tBrminaJ strips
p^rovides solderless term mat ion of wire
leads via positive screw-activated
clamping action. Strips are available
with 4, B, or 12 positions, and
accommodate wire sizes 14-30 AWG
ill 80. 25nnm), Pins are silver-plated
brass, *040 inch (1mmJ diameter, on
.200 inch (5mml centers. Featurra
include unbreakable polyamid bodies
and consecutively numbered ter-
mlnats. Rated 10 Amps at 300 V. In
stock for immediate delivery from
O.K, Machine and Tooi Carparation,
3455 Conner Street, Bronx, New
York W475.

SYNTESTSl-101
FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER

The Syntest Corporation Model SI-
101 frequency synthesizer provides
excel ient general purpose performance
at low cost Typical applications for
the Synteat SM01 instrument include
use as a calibration standard for test
instrumentation, as a precision pro-
grammable clock for systems use, and
for the alignment of active filters.

Syntssr*s Model Si*fOl frequency synthesizer.

The Model SI-101 features 4%
digits of resolution from 0.1 Hz to 16
MHz. A high stability internal
reference oscillator, i 10 PPM over the
temperature range O-SO"* C, and fast
programmtng highlight this versatile
instrument The synthesizer provides a
continuously edjustable 50 Ohm TTL
output. The unit Is completely solid
state and incorporates a rugged power
supply for high reliability.

Power requirements are 115 or 230
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W maximum consumption. The Sl-
tOI is housed in an attractive 8.50'' W
X 3.20" H X 9.00" D enctosure.

An industry standard RETMA rack
mount adaptor, as well as a ±1 PPM
reference oscillator^ are offered as op-
lions. Custom configurBtlons are avail-
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Price of the Syntest SI-101 fre-
quency synthesizer is S459.00 in unit
quantities and availability is stock to
30 days. Synt&st, 169 Miifham Street,
Mariboro MA On$2.

NEW 1978 RADIO SHACK
CATALOG -2S9 ISSUED

The new 1978 Radio Shack Cata-
log, the company's 30th corLsecutive
issue, is now available from Radio
Shack stores and dealers , rtatiomwide.

The 1&4<-page catalog includes 100
full'CoLor pages ctescribing the
company's exclusive line of products
for home entertainment, hobbyists,
CBer^, and experimenters.

An insert card in the catalog intro-
duces RadJO Shack's new TRS-80
Microcomputer System, which, ac-
cording to Radio Shack president
Lewis Kornfeld, is "the most imper*
tant product ever offered by Radio
Shack/'

"The TRS-80's importance," Korn-
feld stated, "goes far beyond the mere
design, constructionp and sale of the
fine piece of electronic merchandise.
Primarily, it signifies the dawn of the
microcomputer age in respect to avail'
ability and affordability to ordinary
people, schools, and businesses every-

Nstlomf Semtcof^dvctor's ADD370t singie CMOS chip.

•pSE-

where, even for personal yse and
entertainment.

"Secondarilv, the TRS-SO should
convince mi I Marts of folks that Radio
Shack IS 3 technological company as
well 35 a marketing company."

The new catalog also includes
coupons offering two Supenaps*
either reehioreeip 8-track cartridge, or
cassene, for the price of one, two
PBox kits for the price of one, and
any of the company's project boards
for half price.

Among the new items introduced in
the data 1 00 are 40 channel Realistic
C3 two-way radios and a setectton of
electronic calculators ranging in price
from S8.88 to SI 09.95 for a recharge-
able printing calculator with full
memory.

The new catiiog also lists hundreds
of specialized electron ics items, parts
and accessories, tools, tubes, semtcon-
ductors. wire and cable, intiH'COms,
microphones, timers, batteries^ and a
complete library of Radio Shack's
own books on electronics and related
subjects.

Radio Shack's 1978 Catalog -289
is available free on request from Radio
Shack stores and dealers, nationwide*

Radio Shacl<, a division of Tandy
Corporation (NYSE), has more than
6,000 stores and dealers in ail BO
stales and Canada, and near I y SOQ
stores overseas operating under the
name Tandy International Electronics^
Tandy CorparBtion^ 261? WBSt
Sgvmth Street, Fort Worth TX

CLEGG COMMUNICATIONS
PROFILE

It was a nice day in early May^ a
nice day to take a ride from Valley
Stream, New York, where I was
staying, to a more pleasant place.
Early In the morning, I drove into
Brooklyn to pick up Larry, who had
agreed to leave his homemade com-
puter for the day and act as my
photographer on this assignment. Our
destination some 90 miles away -
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, the home of
Ciegg Communicatior^ and Ihe man
behind the name, Mr. Edward T. CI egg
W3L0Y,

The three-hour ride from Brooklyn
gsve us a chance to reminisce about
the old days, the time when VHF
meant siie meter AM, a tlrne when
Clegg reigned supreme. I car^ re-
memher it as if it were yesterday,
though it^s rsow over 16 years ago. t
remember my very first transceiver —
a rather pretty gray and white box
that ran 7 Watts at 100% modulation
and featured a super sensitive state-
of-the-art (of that day) receiver that
gave the popular receiver/converter
combinations a good run for the
moneV' I remember placing this tittle
box atop Larry's SX-28 and Techcraft
converter to make a comparison, I can
even pkiiure the expressions on our
faces wtien we found ttiat the trans-
ceiver could hear as wetl as the Tech-
craft SX 28 comlDo, Not a very scien-
tific test I will admit, but for a pair of
teenagers, it was all we needed to be
convinced. The radio we literally fell
In love with was known as the 99er,
and It came from the man we would
soon see. The Clegg 99er - a radio

tt^t seit the industry and six meters
both on their proverbial eari^ es-
pecial iy when it came on die market
at a price that was half of anything
comparable.

The 99er was not the first radio
from Clegg, nor was it to be the Ian-
Fact is, Ed Clegg was designing and
marketing VHF communication
equipment for amateur use well be-
fore most of the competition con-
sidered it fashionable. The 99er was
my first personal exposure to the
famous "Clegg line/' a Une of amateur
VHF equipment that down through
the years has always managed to stay
a jump or two ahead of competitors^
There was the Thor VI - 60 Watts
AlVI with a VFO that automatically
tracked the transmftter to the recervef
tcommonpiaOT today In HF and VHF
SSB, but this was the early sixties and
six AM}. 5SB came to six In the
mid-sixti^. and one of the first entries
was the Venus and Its matching
ApoUo fin^f amplifier. And who can
ever forget the Cadillac of VHF — the
radio twins that meant you were on
the top - the Clegg Zeus transmitter
artd matching Interceptor receiver.

Whan we found FM and two
meters^ Clegg had already discovered
It The AM 22er gave way quickly to
the 22er FIVI, which eventually itseif
gave way to the first fully synthesized
radio to hit the US marketplace <- the
famous FM-27, 27A, and 27B. These
radios, five to seven year^ o'd, stiU
bring a pretty penny at resale tima
The FM*27 %&t'\es of radios was de-
signed to last as long as two meters
lasts, regardless of what band plan or
spilt may be in use. It would wofk
anywhere, and thai sold tt. Soon
though, in many cities, two meters
was bulging at the seams with activity.
What to do? Move up, up to 220 MHz.
Again, Clegg was first with his FM-21,
a radio that used but one crystal to
get both the transmit and receive
channels. The FM-21 that . . , we're
here . . . Che time has flown.

IVot one to tarry, Larry set to work
photographing everyone and every-
thing in sight while I sat down to
eyeball with Ed. We spoke of many
things — pending mlemaking, the
ARMA organization that Ed is a
member of, and finally, the ojrrent
line of equipment No matter How
much or how little yoy have to spend,
there is a radio in the Ciegg line to fill
your need, AM has given way to FM,
and the entire line shows this. Two
meters? We start with the IVIK-3 -
fifteen Watts and twelve channels in a
neat iittle box that comes complete
with mlc, mic hanger, and mounting
bracket The receiver is double conver-
sion and the price is well under the
$200 mark.

Want to be able to work any

channel yoy desire and never have to
purchase a crystal? Clegg has two
radios that will meet your criteria. At
around the S3S0 mark, there is the
FM'28. For your money, you get full
t44 to 148 MHz coverage, LED read-
out, €00 kHz up/down for repeater
use, option of other offsets, 5 kHi
split ability for repeaters on tertiary
channels, and one of the best
sounding transmitters found on the air
these days.

Top of the Clegg 2 meter line is the
FM-DX, a radio that has become a
legend in its own time. Fully digitally
synthesized with 40 Watts out and
coverage from 143.5 to 148.5 MHz,
letting the owner work MARS servicei
if he is so associated, along with every
other feature that the avid two meter
FM enthusiast might v^nt (except a
butlt-in tone pedK the FM-DX is a
radio appreciated by many discrimi-
nating amateurs. It's not Inexpensive,
but even at its approximate $600

price, it's well worth the money.
Those amateurs vifho own the FM-DX
will settle for nothing else. That says a
lot in itseif.

Not that two meters m the only
interest of Ed Clegg and his company.
Two meters in many places is gettir>g
really crowded. With an eye to the
future, about five years ago Clegg was
the first on the market with a 220
MHz radio designed and priced for the

Continued on page 55

Phovat by Urry Livy WA2INM

£d O&gg — servicing wf$st h9 seift.

WASiTF €fm the wor1d*s targesi coHection of FM-DXs^ aif ready for delivery.

One of the complete service faciUties et Cf egg's Lancaster PA factory.

Looking H/est

8iit P&stemak WA6ITF
24B54C Newhafi Ave.
N^whsU CA 9^321

Ths f>ews about 21033 first re^hed
this area at about 7:30 pm on the
evening of Septembef 23, in the fomn
of a lettphon© call from Jay O^Brnen
W6G0 to Jim Hendefshot WA6VQP.
current SCR A chairman. It took
everyone quiie by surprise.

THE B(G CHANGE IS ON TWO

Probably of most significance to
the average ham is the deregulation of
a second subband on two meters for
relay communication. This does not
mean that repeaters must be placed In
the segment from 144.5 to 145.5
MHz. Rather, it gives ustheopfro/r to
do so if we wishv In deregulating this
new ^ubband, the FCC has aiarined
many of the amateurs who specialise
in other aspects of MHf. such as SSB,
EME ex peri men tat ion, and local AM
rag chewing. Needless to say, these
people have been less than enthu-
siastic about thi5 change, and in some
areas organized non-FM groups have
already declared ^wsr^' on any
attempt to channelize this portion of
two meters and assign repeaters to it.
While no FM ^oup wants such a
confrontation to develop, rt is likely
to happen trt some places.

Coord ina^tors probably face their
biggest challenge yet Not only must
they deal with the needs of those
amateurs involved In relay communi-
cation, but they also will have to
come to terms with non-reiayHanented
groups. Remember, during the earty
days of coordinaiion, councils were
dealing for the most part with spec-
trum that W3S usually vacant and
unused.

Gro^ips of amateurs involved in
non-relay communication have
banded together over recent years in
an effort to preserve their special
interests and help foster the growth of
»jch interests. A well-known and suc^
cessful Texas organization of this kind
is Sidewinders On-T wo. Here in
Southern Caltfomla, we now have a
local chapter of SWOT, and this
ofgani nation has been growing. To do
well, the coordinator of today must
deal with the needs of the non-relay-
onenied ainateurs on a basis equal to
that of tho^ involved in FM relay
communicatron.

TWO METER BAND PLANS

lr» the five days since the deregula-
tion, several potential band plans have
been proposed. There is the right-
stde-up 20 kHz plan with builtin
protection for non-FM interests, al-
ready adopted by the Northern Ama-
teur Relay Council at a meeting on
9/25/77, at least two 30 kHz ptans
following the system used between
146 to 148 MHz (with the only
difference between the two being
which way the 15 kHz splits will go),
and, finaMy, the proposal that 100

kHz translators, rather than repeaters,
should be coordinated within that
spectrum so as to be compatible with
existing and future activity^ Only the
NARC 20 kHz pian and the translator
Idea take any great pains to protect
the interest of already existing
activity. The other plarrs seem to look
out mainly for the welfare of those
irwolved tn repeaters.

As outlined by Jay O'Brten W6GD,
here is the MARC plan, atong with
their reasons for adopting it: There
would be twenty repeater channels
with 600 kHz input-output spacing.
144,9 through 145.1 MHe would be
left open for direct (simplex] com-
munication of any kind* Repeater
inputs would be 144.51 through
144.89 MHz. Repeater outputs would
be 145.11 through 145.49 MHz.
Channel spacing would be 20 kHz.

Rationale: 1) since the FCC did not
allow the Technician SSB activity to
relocate to 144.0 MHz, the present
activity at 145.0 MHz is respected by
the provision of the 200 kHz r>on-FM
bind; 2) ehannd spacing was selected
to provide 20 completely usable
channels qi>aced 20 kHz. instead of 26
unsatisfactory channels spaced 15 kHz
— they were persuaded not to repeat
the 15 kHz spacing error made
in the 146 to 148 MHz band: 31 input
low was chosen to place possible
intermodulation products in the re-
peater band rather than in the 144.0
to 144.5 or 145.5 to 146 MHz seg^
ments.

As far as "band pians'' go, this is
the first to be adopted by any coord i
nation group. It's a good one tech-
nological I y speaking, and tries to serve
the needs of the non FMer. To date,
it's the only one that has met with
any degree of acceptance from the
non-FM amateur community.

While NARC went out of Its way to
give protection to non FM interests,
not everyoriie has. For instancej a plan
similar to the NARC plan calls for the
same 20 repeaters, the same 200 kHz
in/out separation, and the same 20
kHz spacing between systems — but it
also specifically channelizes 144^9 to
145.1 again on a 20- kHz- bet ween-
channels basis for FM point- to point
communication aniy. This is a selfish
attitude, and one that any sane co*
ordinal or must avoid liWe the plague.
Adoption of channelized FM opera-
tion in the 144.9 to 145J spectrum

would iead to wars.

There has b^i^n but one good 30

kHz plan to date. It calls for 30 kHz
between systems, 600 kHz between
Input and output. Inverted 15 kHz
channels for additional repeaters, and
a non-FM simplex band between in-
puts and outputs. The major problem
with this Is twofold. First, white
yielding a total of 26 possible addi-
tional repeater pairs, past experience
has proven that 15 kHz splits, even
when inverted, are marginal at best.
The 15 kHz split was bori> out of
necessity in the 146 to 148 MHz
spectrum, when we ran out of 30 kHz

pairs. The east coast went right-side^
up, placing the selectivity burden on
the user's receiver, while out west we
went inverted, feeling that it was
easier for repeaters to solve these
problems than for thousands of users.
Time has proven us right, and even the
ARRL now endorses the inverted
plan. However, since we have a chanoe
to do it right this time, why rwi do it
right? 30 kHz with IS kHz splits gives
quantity, but wouldn't we do better
with 20 quality systems?

THE LINEAR TRANSLATOR
ISSUE

Do we really need more 2m FM
repeaters? Here In Southern Cali-
fornia, and in some Texas circles as
well, consideration Is being given to
the implementation of coordinated
100 kHz linear translators compatible
with any and ail modes of operation
that any amateur might want to U»S.
Unlike with channelized repeater
operation, translators permit an ama-
teur to "roam free/' VFO-cont rolled,
to locate the person or persons he
mtay choose to QSO with.

In essence, a translator Is a wide
band repeater that has the ability to
*'repeat" irKiividual signals it hears in
one given segment of spectrum, on an
individual basis, to a specific point
within another given segment of spec-
trum. A good example of this is the
OSCAR satellites. These spacecraft
contain translators which listen on
430 MHz Of two nwters and "repeal"
rndmduaf signais heard back to Earth
on either two meters or 10 meters,
depending upon tfie mode in which
the OSCAR is functioned.

Translators In the amateur service
have previously been crossband, like
OSCAR. Are in-band translators pos-
sible for a 600 kHz separation be-
tween input and output? Exports dis-
agree, it would be a challenge worthy
of amateur radio pioneers*

220: TWO METERS,
YOU'RE NOT ALONEI

While this der^ulation will not
affect 220 in many peaces for a while*
here in Southern Caiifornta we are
already into multiple coordinations in
that band. For some time* the SCBA
has been under pressure to start the
coordination of repeaters below
222.30 MHz. There has ^so been an
opposing pr^sure from non-mpaater
groups such as the Los Angeles 220
Association. So where do we put all
the link and control channels wanted
on 220? Them is no room on 450 for
them, and there is already a lot of
money tied up in equipment-
Southern California already has over
300 repeaters operattonal on 146 and
220. Just how many more systems are
needed, anyhow? Every week^ the
SCR A gets at least a half dozen
requests for repeater frequencies on
146 or 220. Most of these requeits are
for wide coverage systems rather than
the local type (which are really what
are needed). Where do you put them?
What do you say to them? When will
it end?

On 220, simplex is alive and weM in
the form of the 220 Rag and Tech
Net. These chaps are determined to

perpetrate the current SCR A band
plan. They make no bones about it;
they will not accept further relay
operations, other than remote base
stations which are compatible with
simplest. At prseni, they are about
equal In number to the repeater en-
thusiasts, and just as technologicaHy
<»mpetent. The SCR A and 220 sim-
plexers have been getting along well
with each other so far. This may be an
area in which the translator concept
might work. This problem is already
in the hands of Tom Rutherford's
SCR A 220 Technical Committee and
the delegates of the 220 simplex
group.

WHEREAS 450 IN ALL THIS?
With the emphasis on two meters
and 220, the simultaneous deregula-
tion of 420 to 450 MHz has been lost
in all this. What about 450? What will
happen there? The Southern Cali-
fornia Repeater and Remote Base
Association, which coordinates the
420 to 460 MHz spectrum, has issued
no comment to date. The unofficial
Input indicates that linle will change,
UHF relay enthusiasts seem quite
elated at the deregulation aspects of
portable and mobile operation of
auxiliary link stations, as this is impor-
tant to successful remote base system
operation. Otherwise^ local UKF
people involved in relay communica-
tion tiave been very silent on the
entire issje.

GOODBYE WR

I can still remember the verbal
abuse aimed at the FCC in the early
'70s when we found out that we had
to get a special WR call for our
repeaters. We hated them at first . . .
but . . . lo and behold , . . rwDw that
the time has come to place them to
rest , , . what's this? . . , abuse again'

THE FINAL WRAPUP

Obviousiy, this has been written In
great haste. It's been based upon
personal contacts with amateurs
around the nation as well as here in
California. If it seems to cfwell on
what California faces and how it's
meeting the new challenge that is
inherent to this deregulation. It's only
because California really typifies what
is probably happening nationwide.
Since I am part of it, it is easier to be
accurate in writing about it. I am sure
that in these pageSi now and In
coming months, you will be reading
much about the feelings of others on
all that has transpired.

If i seem down on repeater ex-
pansion, it's only because I really
wonder just how many repeaters any
one area needs to serve its amateur
population.

Perhaps it's time that we amateurs
take another step forward and do
something truly constructive, some-
thing that amateurs generations from
now will look back upon with pride.
Whether It be translators or some
other exotic device not dreamed of
yet. the FCC has given the amateur of
1977 a chance to be again looked
upon as ths technological commit
nicstron leader. It's in our hands.

Vtat l$Ha

It's that time of year again . . . plan
your holiday gift giving and hope
that the gift you select is the right size
and shape and color for the receiver as
well as the right price for your pocket-
book . - - You're reading 73 now . . .
You know what a big, thick informative
magazine it is . , , And there wiU be no
siae, shape or color problem . . . The
price is right too! Twelve issues for only
$15, And well reduce the pric« of the

em A Gift

That Kaps Gcvinq AtP

Gilt SubAmptim

second and third gift one year subscrip-
tions too < . . Only $14 per year for the
second gift subscription and only $12
per year for the third gift sub. Think
about it, aH those articles, projects and
Wayne's provocative editorials to boot.
And all those ads with bargains, bar-
gainSf bargains!

ertainly one {or more) of your
friends is interested in hamming

and would appreciate your thought-
fulness in arranging for a copy of 73 to
be delivered to his mailbox every month
for a whole year. Not sure if your firend
is a subscriber or not? We'll check for
you ... Be sure to include the call
letters if at all possible. For notification
of your gift to reach its destination
before Christmas* please mail your
subscription orders to us no later than
December 5th.

ANY HAM who's hinting can give this ad to a friend as a "friendly reminder" of what he really wants for a gift.

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FCC

DOCKET 21033

1. Repeater, auxiliary (ink and con-
trol itations eliminated^

^ Immediate freeze on filing re-
peater, ayKJIiary link and comrol
station license applied ions.
^ Applications for ndw repeaters
on fi!e dismissed^

2. Portable and mabjle operation of
auxiUary links approved.

3. No more "WR" catlsigns for sta-
tions in repeater operatiofih

4. Stations operating as repeaters
hiipe to idafitify with the word "re-
p«tter" on phon« or the lattan
"RPT'* on CW, in addition to the
station callsign.

5. Stations operating m auxiliary
links have to identify wtth the word
"auxiliarv" on phone or the letters
"AUK" on CW, rn addition to the
station calisign.

& JD interval Inereafid fmnr B to 10
minutes.

7i Transmissions from open-access
automatical ly^controlled repeaters
need no longer be monitored or re~
corded.

8. 144.5-T45.5 fAHt and air fre-
quencies above 220 f^Hi made avail-
abtt for repeats n (except 435-43S

9. Technicians given prrvtieges on
144,5-145,0 MHz.

10. No action on priority in fre-
quency use, erp,

PAIfF §7— ^MATTUft RADIO SEftVTCC

SimpHtypng the Ucsnilnc «ncJ Operation of
Complejc System* of SUtioin and Modi-
fying Repeate^r Sitfadiiida Ifl ^^ Amflteur
RidEO Service

AGENCY: Ftderft] Cwnmanlcatlocia

ACTION: HneJ riiks.

SPMMARY: The FCC Is TevieiiiH Ita
ojnateur radio rult-a to elinirlnfite' sep&-
rate licenses for repenter. eiiKllliiry llnJc.
An4 coatrot stations, We &re abo aUo-
Cfttlng Ei^jditional frci^uciicles for oma-
t«iLr npeater opcratton. imd we ftjre
mAitins miEior icvlsttHis oT the nilei con*
cemlAf lo^,gmg and IdentiftcnUaa foi-
■tttiofi*? in. x^pemi^r opermtJoD mud n-
taoU^ ctmlztiUed sUtkm«. Adoptkm of
ttMM ruin vfn ftSionS uewteur ^ceomm
gnaMMS IksdbUll^ tn thtii operatlocBL

aUPFJ-EMENTAHY INFORMATION:

In tl» m»t%er of DtnvuiAttoc of P&rt
0T of th« Osftintaslal'a Buln Vo MmpUfy
Hm UG«natiiy and (^Mimtion of complCE
■jrftems sjul ttatkna Aiid moditj i-e-
pcftter ffublififidB to th« Amftteur E^dio
6ftrvic« (Docl££l 21033. HM-aSH. EM^
2780), Report and Order (Proceeding
Tenninat«lJ,

Adopted; Septflmber 2L 1977,
Released: September ai. 1077.

W»ilT I^ ThC BikCKGAOVHa OF

This FTiocEEDmo?

1. In a Notice of Inquiry and Kotlce of
Proposed Rule Making in Doclcct 21033
released Januarj' fi, 1911, 41 PR 2009
ili77^ ths CommlaaiQii Kcted putlaDr
In rmpcmse to rule makinK neUUons RM-
aSH and RM-27B0. i^ttbiiitttiKl by Hssis.
Oordon Schleslncer fiod WiUlam F Kd-
•9 aad llie MlddM Atlinuc FM and

tr, ft»d m^uskBs on it« own mouodi. Ttw
Ciiiiunta&toa proposed s^utHtAntiAl t«-
vUkUQA to F&rt B7 ol lie Rules, 41 C^JL
tT.l, et^ mm^ conecnitEis Uie Hfwtfc*tf*p

uid open^iioa of mieAter. »y:KJll&r^ Jjnk^
ftsd co^trt^ stAtSoos tn Iht Anwt«tir ha-
dlo Service, Dtber propoiak concerned
Uie licensing and c^persttrai of remotely
ooRLroUed BtaAAona in the Amateur Serv-
ice. Comments on our proposal* were due
no later than Aprtl 1, 1&7?, fleply com-
menta w&re due no later than April 15.

IfTT. Hie deodliBe for tlie miEindi^cin of
teply (SEDmAitfl vu isuteBeqiwnyr ex-
teodsd t& Uic Chief or the CommiMSmi'ft
Safetr and Special Radio 5ervir«i Btj-
t*au to April 29, 1&7T, We are now pre-
pm-cd to tAke action on ouf proposiiB iji
thlfl proceeding.

What Wehi Thi Comi^is&ion's

Specific P31OF09AL9?

2. In our Notice olliiqulry and Notice
of Proposed Rule Making In thj» proceed-
Inar^ wo made a number of propo9ftU con-
cernlriir the licensing tmd operation of
compkx flyatemg of stations In the Ama-
beuT Service, which, if adopted In their
entlretT. would have had a wlgnlflcapt
impACt on amateur Uc«n«kir BrleU^
iFummarlxed, owe propcsal^ In Do>eket
31033 yi?vt» aji follows:

m. We proposed to eliminate «#p*t^t^
Il^xnm for rtpeoter. aiutm*ry link, and
control stations. OpemilooA now eim*
ducted hj ittdi statknis «oiUd be per-
muted aU rennslnkif amabeitc ttMUoat
^thout prior Commtoaton ftpiniova] %m-
ds nffK formA of station pperaUon to be
koovn at "repeater DpenUOQ" and "iiu^
muf opemtiim''.

k We protJOeed no tonier to require
that an applicant irishlng to operate a
r»diiO fttnotelj- controlled station obiam
prfor Coaaiii&skm autJiorl^atlon.

c. We propoa«d to permit portable and
mobile operation by atatlona In ausdlUr^-
operation. tAuitlUary link st&ilona nre
preflently restricted to operation from a
fixed location J

d. We proposed to dlBContlnue tho la-
Buance. In most Instances, of Cfcll algns
with "^WR" preflxefl to atatlont to re-
peater oper^Utm,

f . We proposed to require ^at station.'!
in repcAter and euxlllar? operation
traiiamlt dlslincilTe «taUoii identiHea-
lloni.

f . We proposed to increa« ihe mini*
mtim tntenra] at which otaUcms In re-
peater dpetmtlim must Identify from fire
to ten iflirnrtgf.

t, Wt propcBed to dekte the current
nc|tttnsieiil tiut b^rwuifawtiona from vCa-
tjtons m repeater operation under auto-
matic control either be recorded or mom-
tored tn real Ume fcj a dutj control op-
era tor.

h. We propos^ed to require that the lo£S
of aU remote!;: contFoQed stations con-
tain a list of all aothorl3s«d control op-
eratort.

I. We prapoft&a to require thnt a phmo-
copj^ of the remotely controlled etatlon
license and a Itst of authorized control
operators be posted consplcuouA^y at the
r^moteljf controlled transmitter jilte and

the utabloti location of each control op-
erator and be carried by c^H contrai op*
em tor operating a remotelj^ controlled
atation from a portable or ffMSbile control
point.

j. We propo«ed to require that the an-
tenna or mABt associated with a reilK3<te-
tr coairolle^l tzsiiBiiitiB bear a durable
tac. marked with the remotely cootroOed
staChRl eill vtin. and the namrE of the
gm^kto. Uemmm and all autboriaed oon-
trd opetatofe-

^ We proposed to make alt aothoHaed
amateur frequencies, except 435 to 438
MHz, available for repeater and auxilLary
operation^

L We proposed a new rule itatlnK that
a station, occupying a frequency ha^ prl-
orlts^ In its. Ufie over other stations, aiid
thol D.11 f reqiiraieiK In the Ajnateur Serv^
ice mtijit be shared,

m, FLiii^lly, we requested comments
concerning present and future anti^l-
patod Interference patternji. the ndc-
fiuacjr of current techniques for keeping
interference to a minimum^ and tJii^! ade-
OuacjT of pre^tent voluntary sperlrum
manaRemenI fiystem^. We also ajiked for
comments conceminE the utility of the
Uraltatloiu OG the effective radtateii
power (ISRPi of stations in repeater op-
erattoa contained in Section f T^iT of the
Rula.

WiiT Dm Wa Maxx TtiE$e PiwvoAUia?
t. Our purpose tn i£suinc the Notice
of Proposed Rule Making in XhH proceed*
tov waa 10 continue the relasnition of
amateur regulaltons goverainc the U*
cefuUns and operation ol contt^ex aj^
tema of statiom. We ataled in our Notice
that since adoption in 1973 of reyulatlona
govern In R the licencing and operaUon of
rei>eater and a&fia€:lat^d Etatlotm, ^Report
and Order. Docket Id-BOS. 37 FCC 2d 225
USTS) ) . we have become Increaainiil?
convinced that amateur hcenseea could

develop and operate complex syatema ol
itationB with a miTiimiim of Commlsctoa
regulatloii. Accorlnily, In 1974 we began
reducinff the unnecesssiT btutletu Im-
posed on Itcetisees of repeater and a4»o-
dated atatlooa^ In a setim of mlemaklnR
[iFOceedlace, we deleted the requirementa
that certain technical data be aubmiited
with appUcatlons for repeater and re-
motely controlled ata lions and relaxed
the rules to permit the Unkings automatic
control, ami crotiband cpearaUon of re-
peater itatkma. This proceeding ks. In
part, an attempt to provide amateur
operator* even greater flexibHitF in their
opera tiona and to create a more favor-
able regulatory atmosphere for ilic Ama-
teur Radio Serv^lcep

Who C0M»af7T£a oh Oust Pt^oFOfiALs?

4. We received 88 timely commentd in
reapojise to our Notice of Propoaed Rule
Making. Of thesCj 34 were aubmlttcd by
clubJs or other oraanisatlon^. We received
two timely reply commexiti. T^fenty-four
comment* and one reply comment were
received too late to be considered In ityit
proceeding,' A IL-it of those ffubmtttln*
timely commentA in response to our No-
tice !■ contained In Appendix I.

WMAf Dia^ TtiOSl COMMEKttSS Q^ OtV

Fkikmau Bat?

5. Hie Elumber (rf' comment! we re-
ceived makea it impoaaiiiiie to titicuse each
cfHnment individually. Sach comment
has been read and caref ullj evaluated by
yw Dommitalon'ft itafT. however, Mo«t vt
the commentc received supponedi aome
aspecu of ottr proposals but oppoitd
oliiers. In general, exposition waa sreat^
est to the major propoeala. The leaa
BignlAcant proposals were generally fa-
YOred. In capnule form^ the commentii on
our proposials were along the&e linesr—

a. Most faspondenta argued tliat iep-
arate llcenBeA for repeater statiom
fihould be retained. To eliminate .lepfirate
repeater atation licenses would. It was
alleged, encourage "pirate'* or "fly^by-
night"'' repeater nUfctons, end, in the
words of T-MARC permit ""^an^* amateur
ta cai a moment's iiotice, decide [sic t to
operate a* a repeater," Commente. The
MM- Atlantic FM and Repeater Council
at L Others stated that o]ieration of a
i^ieats' itattOD to a iOtoiB and often
ejcpCTslve matter, and tbat effective
speeinim managemeut plaiminr and co*
ofdinallon reijuire that an amateur be
traced OQ notice, by means of a separate
repeater atatlon ti£en£e application, that
"somethlnf more than H^ grant of a
fiimple appiiCatlofi Is req^iired." Com-
ments. American Radio Relay Leajue,
Iiiicorporated <ARRL) at 15/ On the
other hand, our proposal to delete sep-
arate Uccnsef for QLUxUlary link and con*
tfol stations and create anotlier form of
amatem- operation known as "auxiliary
operation" met with general approval.
Pew comments «peclflcally addressed the
prtt posed delptlon of the requirement
that authortr>atlon from tile Commission
be obtained before remote control opera-
tion 15 und ertaken, but of tho^e thu t did.
moat approved-

b. Our propwal to permit ausUlary
operation from control points in portable
and mobile operation was nearly unani-
n!tou«I^ accepted. Operators of remotely
controlled base ttatiot^ were particu-
larly enthmiiaitJc. bemuse adoption of
this pTopoaal vonld permit them to op-
sate ti^eir remotely controlled staUone
from portable and mobUe iDcatlcms, a
p^ajctice not currently allowed,

c. Host of our respondents wybed to
retabn dlsUncttve call signs for eteUone
'm repeater operation and xcqueated thnt
the practlea o< lasumg call signs prefixed
by the letters **WR'" to $uch station^ be
eontmued, wheUier or not such stations
are actually Uoensed as repeater atatlone.
Tlie AHRL. among others, argued that a
difitincUve call slfiit for a station In re-
peater operation is necessary to let ihoee
monitoring know a station In repeater
operation l» on the frequency^ Because
most commentd favored diiftincine call
signs for a rations In repeater operation,
they oppo-^cd any other form of special
Identification for st^ tlons In repeater op*
eratloo, aithou^ there waa iiotiM sup-
port for requlrlnff a auiticp tn auxUlary
operaLion to trmnsmlt a distinctive bden-*
^fiealtot. Otir proposal to incr^M from
fire to tma. minute the tTMi^^^rmtim iattt-
operatloci to iransmit a difftincttre Iden*

«jccrptJag QMonun'ta in rut« nukHiy pnoewg*
tbga mHm tto» etimracait due dmte wm r<c*ntijr
be]d Ui bft |L Tlolmtlon at SectlDn 1.418 ot
the nxLltm. Home So£ 0#ce, Inc. v Federal

CommunicattCfu CommlsiiGn, -Fid "

(DC Clr- IFtt).

*Thft AKEL'i Comments Iti tlile prPCWHtf*
Ing wet* ffllte lat* t^ut. wtPt {L(?eoanphri,te>d bj
K Motlan tiO Accept Lit# fiitu Comnii'nTA.
we UTi? nr Anting i.tifl areL's MQiion.

tion mu0t tdentlfjr «as widely sujiporteil
in the comments..

d. Tlie vKt majority of our r^pond-
eni$ urged the Commission to adopt ttw
proposal to delete the requirement tJDttt
transmfesj-ons from open access automat-*
imnj eoQtrolled etatliini la repeater op-
eration either be reconfed or monltcatd
m real time. Many of the oHnm^oits
went furtlier, hevever. and offered a
suHestton mt«kl« the scope of this pro-
^edfog^ nasnely, that stations tn repeal
er operation be ^wmpted froan the tbtti!
party traffic loggtnff requirem^tE of See*
tlOfi 97.103 (bMa> of the Rules. Not bo
modify third party trafSo logging re*
QUlrements for open aceesa euiomatl*
caUy controlled gtailons in repeater op-
eration would f in the words of the ARh!u
"render the Commission's proposed re-
laxation ' * * a nullity In terms of prac-
tical appllcatlot) • • *," Reply Com^
ments, ARRX> at 0,

e. Our proposals to modify sltehtlj? the
loggmg requlremenCa for remotely con^
trolled stations, to rttiiiire the p^ieUng of
certahi InformatkH al the nanotely con^
tmUed traosmltter ttte, and to recuire
that a dttrabk tag beadng certain data
be attactied to the remotely controlled
transmitter antenna were relattvely un-
contznprersyd. Opposition «m espneiaiS
to the durable lag propoiil howevtt*
The Northern Amateur Relay COimcIl
(HARC) of Caltfornla, for example,
stated that such tag^i are easily stolen er
lost and that a requirement of thit eort
vould be an unDilr tMirden on Bt^naeei
operating stations at tnily "remote"
locatlonf.

f. Oitr propoeal to maite all amateur
frequencies available for repeater and
auxlhars^ operatJofi was the subject of
intense criticism by nearly all respond-
ents. Although a few groups, such aa
NABC, welcomed the opportunity to ex-
periment with the possibilities such a
relaxation would have offered, the vaat
majority of the oommentd opposed such
a mdicai clianfe. Virtually all thoee
comnsenttng oppoMd any expansiiiR} of
tbe repeater ^ubbandt below 36 MRz.
They stated tha£ there is no demon-
strated need flof repeater opcratimi in
the btglt fitiiiieney range, an^t that such
a^ expansloii wtmtd ezvaie many more
pfOtOem* than the Increased iJexifailitj
In repeater operation wouJd Justify,
^mUaity. tbe malority ol tb,oae submit-
ttn« comments eppoaied maJdng aU very
hljgh fneqiiency (VHF) and ulira hifh
frequency tUHP) bands availabk for re-
peater operatioin- Ccfteern wb£ efpe^ i^IJy
acute over opening ail frequencies fn the
two meter band U44-Ha MBz, to re-
peater operation. Respondents such as
the Radio Amateur SatcUtte Corporation
*AMaATJ stated that certain umjittio
aciivity in the two tneter band must be
provided protection from repeater op-
eration. This activity, which typically in-
volves the reception of weak signals. Is
said to he mcooipatlblc withi channelized
repeater opera ttoE. Many other respond-
ents. £uch as T^MARC. agreed that weak
signal work must be protected but argued
thai there Is a deftntte need for addi-
tional two meter lr«mencies for repeat*
er opcratloti. The ARRL said thai It may
well be desirable to lnoea«e tbe allo-
cation for repeater operatian in the
amatoir two meter bam] bot wt^gcd that
atiy sadh expanshn be tlse subject of a
separate rule making pinceedmg.

g^ Otor ptnpoeed new title coneemlnt
prtunty m usage of a fre<iue»e^r wae
oi^enrbdminetr oppoeed. Moet rei^Kmd-
ents said the pfmvscd rule wa£ Inher-
ently \ if nece$aartiy) raitue and tbst ibs
adopUon would create more pro^iems
than it woisld solt«. Itic general belief
appeared to b^' that existing rule^ and
practices are working rsuionably velL
and that, nbntnt a compelling indlc^lon
to tbe contmry, the Commission should
take no action hi this area at tbe pre^nt
time.

h. In resporv^ to our inquiries con-
cerning tbe adequacy of the current sys-
tem of voluntary spectrum management
and tbe r»ecei«lt!Nror the llmltaticms on
tiie effective radlfited powef of stAtloiU'
m repeater operation coDtamed 1(3 Sec-
tion Si?,G7 of the Eulea, we reeelved many
tnfonmitlve mnA hetpfol rcs^ponns,
Tliese comments mdoosted, icttieraliy.
A wtdeqitead <llflsaliifaction with the
ERF Hmftattofw on repeater operation,
as weil a* a beHef thai me Amateur Serf-
ice's vduntaiy $pettnim managemsit
STston tanettont witft conslileraMe ef-
fectivciiess tn moat Instances

WoAT BxiLMS Aa V We AM>Pli)ie «™ Www ?

6. After a cBFcfuT analysis of our pro*
posals and the commmts submitted In
response to our iiroposals, we have de*
elded that the public interst wiU be
beat served by the f ollowinB action—

a. We ore ellmlnatmg separate re-

peatjer. BU)ttlUit7 Itnk, and control sta-
tion tieenoes; aj propoftcd. Operations
now ccmdnjcted by »uch $isi%l<ms will be
authomrd other stations without prior
Cotmnisi&lon Approiml utider new forms
of amatpur i^p«rai;jon to be kno«^ a^
**rep«ater operaUon" asd '^auxiliary op-
eration.** We b«i|f ve the contention that
^HiELiiiatJcin of separate repeater ftation
licexxBO «U| etu^unt^ 'flj^^bi'-iil&hr re-
peater CKPcratl^n Ja f rtvoJoi^, Ai the Iowa
R«peater Ootmcll noted in Its Coniinentf.
"[rlep«it«rs are expensive, Ther tate a
lot, of haitl Tork * • *.**CiKmnHit5. lowa
Rvpaa^^ex- CotmcU al ff. We dotibt verr
mtJth whetber anjiine wSlllnf to expend
the dmc and effort eiecessarF ^ p4ac«
a station m pepeatw operatton Trill j3o
so on the aptzr of the mcmietJt, We strnpitr
do not twJlere Uiat the uirldenc* of so-
called *'effD«tiip" repeaters will be any
greater tmder the nc« rules tfaaii it fa
pre^nttr. Tikt aaicrtfon made 1)7 T-
MARC ^and oUimr> that eUmtnatlm of
separate U^etiMa for a ta lions In repeater
o|)«ratlon will permit a llcduee to decide
"on a mament'A notice" to engage tn re*
peater operation Ib no more tefiable now
than It was before the adoption of rules
for repeater stations in Docket U8D3 in
1913. iMoreovef, aa KAMC observed In
Its commerLts, Absence of a repeater sta-
tion license doca not nec&tiaarUy inhibit
repeater operation under Uie exMlng
rules. A Uceiiae« wiahlns to put a re-
peater station In operation need only
find the licensee of an existing riepeater
fitaUoD uUlinc to Aha re the reaponsibrU-
Ity of rflptater opemtion from a parfcaWe
iQcatlan. Ttie fLtat Ueensee then op-
erates a portable riFpcater elation under
tiie auihontr of the e^atms repeeiier
station IJj^en^J

Fujtbex. proe««Alnff and luulnff re-
peater, auxiliary link, and control sta-
tiim liceiLKs iA much more oopipisx than
pgpcffaoing and iaaoing timpie pnm&ry
atAttcn Ueeoiee. Differetit dai^ t?a5e:&
unit be maintained, and FCC sta^ must
tan detailed to pdions these opeciflc
flmeycma. Itt sujn, althoiacb repeater sta-
tioina are ntattvelr lev. In comparlsoD
vstb the popQlfttkm ol the Amateur Ra-
dio Serrice as b vbolei, tbelr Impact on
the processtrK of other atnateur licences
ii faf oui of propO'iiion to their number.
Ehminatifta of Mparite repeater, mixO-
larr link and control itationi wiU enable
lis to provide tht public with btti^r serv-
ice In other,^ more important areas, such
aa the processing of Norlce Cla^s and
other claj^es of operatoir license appli-
cslloiia^

Accordinel;. beginning with the effec-
tive date of tixis Eeport and Order, no
more llcenseA for repeater, auxiliary Unlc,
or eontrol itauotis will be issued. Exist-
izig repeater, i&uxliljirv link, and control
^LBttorks may C3;}nl;dtiue to be operated
untit expiration ol llieir Atatlon licensea.
£uc^ liceruea will not i>e renewed. Fur^
ther. in order to cnntLnue the efAcient
processing of other amiLl.eur radio Uoense
appHcailoiis, effective wiUi the adoption
of this Report and Qrder by tlie Com-^
mission w^ are Imposing a "freeze" on
the filing of applk^utlons for new, modi-
fied or renewed repeater. au?Eiliftry Utik,
«Lnd ei^ntfol statlori hcen^ applies tions.
The freeze will eontinue until the date
the regulatlona adopted in the Report
and Order become effective.

We Qnd that the piiblk interest wm
be best served tf the appilcBtions for new
r^ieater station Uo«ues presenily on
file are diMplawd^ and we hereby do so.
Pendina applkAUOitt for renewed le-
peater station llcensisi or modMed le-
peatcr ataiion hcenaei will be processed,
bovnrei .

li. Wc are auiMor^ag aiLjitmry jopera-
Uon /roBi eomirtd po^nff fm porf ohte and
mabUB Ofim^tHom, Thlt amendment,
vhleh was imoppoaed by the commsits,
will afford operators of remotely con-
ttoiUed atatiofif much greater flexibiUt?
In their opefntionj, U will permit oper-
ators of remotely controlled station^ to
operate their atationa aa they would to-
tally controlled fttatlonfi. without many
of the previous raetrJcUon^ pl^ed on
them.*

c. We arc dUc^fHUnuinu owr j^rm^Uce
of if ruing cctM aiiQi\& prefixtd bjf the let^
ten ^^Wff* to stations in refitatir oper-
atioTt. We do not believe 'WB' -prefixed
call signs are a ncocoaary aspeot of re-
pea t^er operation in the AniateLu: Service;
anf more now than they were before the
regulaiiotiii adopted in Docket 1BS02, We
are awniT, howcv{*r, of ihe desire of nuioy
of thc«esubi3iltling conajraetit&hi thISpro-

* We dci not brUrv« i«pLri*t« reguliiisciits Jor
so-endciii "f«niat4 b»iV' miMXloia axe 110K4-
«uy or i)e»!r^]9 ml ibU time. Am long lu
^le ftutlUiitir niDctkuu 4r fqcEi vtfrUOh^

cmtipif With Hm Hfulatiot^ fvf »uxmu7

CfW^t^QEU Tvmabt buH ins,f b« cspcnted tn

ceedJng, such as the ARRL, for rulea
ensurlnff that those m-onitoring a fre-
quency Itnow there i$ a $^taLloa in re-
peater operation using that IreQuency.
For this reiLwn. we are adopting regula-
tlom as proposed reQuirlng distinctive
Identification foe- statkms in repeater
and auxiliary opcraUon. Stations In re-
peater opermtJoav!lIlberequlF«l to trans-
nUt the letter* "HPT" Aits- the station
^kll ajgu U idenllfylng by telegraphjr^ or
tbe word "repeater" Lf Ldeiitifvmg by te-
Iqituny. 8tauo£L& m. auxiliary operation
wm lie teciuired to transmit the letters
''AUX" After the stetion call sign 11 iden-
t|f ytng by telegraphy, or the word "auxll-
lary tf identifying b^^ telephoaiy. finally,
there was no opposition to oor propceal
to Inceaae from flye to ten mtnutea the
miniiFiiim tnt^r*^ at which statlocts to
refKBier operation must Identify, and ve
are adopting It as proposed.

d. If e are eti-mtnatimifi at profioied the
Ttfiufremeni fAof trtinsfrtiasion$ /fom
oppti accrsii autmnaticufiy controtJed fla*
lion J in rrptater opertttkm be either
mtmitiyred tn real ttme or rwcorded. There
wu no oppothion tn the comments to our
proposed relaxation. Our purpose in
adopting this regulation originally w&a
Simply to ensure that Ifceneeea possea
adequate means to determine whether
their automiitloally controlled stations
were being opentted properly. Licensees
of iiioh stations continue to be respon-
llble for the propel operation of their
station 5, but we behn'e w? should provide
nnmteurs with sufTldent fle^ilblUty to en-
able them to determine comphance with
our regulations In other wnjs. In eddt'^
tjon. several rNpeodents a^ed thftt the
refulatton be *3ctended to exempt ila-
ttoni In repeater operation from third
partjr eraffic loeglng requirement£ en-
tirely- Of course, our proposal to delete
the monttorlng/recordlng reqyiremcnt
had nothtng wl^taoefer to do wnh third
party traffic logging requtrettiCDta;, nor
did ae intend it to hat-e. Although we do
wish to reUeve our Ucen&ees of uniseoes-
nrf htirdaB. auch as the mocLltorlng/fT'
eordlng reQuirement, we do not believe at
Ihia time that utationa Id repeater opera-
iiosi should be exempt from third pari^
trafCtc logging lequtremenU. We reeog-
piae thai ai a pracUcal matter many sta-
tions Ip refMfttar operation will conjttnui
to hjftve to reeord their transmtsiiena to
ensure compliance with the thhd pftflf
trafDc logging requirements. We also
recognize Ihene reouirements may be a
burden on centain stations in repeater
opefatlon^ particularly those with tele-
phone Interconnection C"autopateh">
capubllltletf. In our 1973 Report end C^-
der In Doeket 1B8D3, however, ameteur
licenfieee were warned about use of auto-
pEitch eqyfptnent in violation of Section
97.114 of the rukik to facilitate the regti-
lar buftiness ftflfairs of any party. Since
1S12, autopatoh abuse has become. If
anything, more widespread. The Ama-
teur Radio Service is not now, and has
never been, a common carrier, and third
party tjafRc of all types must, tmder
normal clrcumaiances. coq^iltute a very
small part of amateiu' activity. We again
warn the Amnt^ur Service of unlawful
use of telephone htterconnectjon facOl*
lies and etreas that tmJes^^ voluntary
oompllonce with our third party traffio
rerulatfons tncreasea stgntScantly. we
ma,y hate to take action to curb the
tnmsinlasioin of ail third part^ traffic in
the Amateur Radio Service, We are
Ihraefora eliminating Uie monitoring/ rc-
eordlng requirement cantained La Section
97JU<gH3> of the rides but are reLaln-
hig all existing third party tauffic regDr
U lions.

e. Wt are re^uirin^ that a photocopit
of the remolefy cofsiroZfed staikm Icceiue
be ported in tt ctmrpicuous p^ee at the
remt^telu co«f roJfed tmnsmittsr nte and
placed m f^^e fog 0/ the station tyf eath
auUtahztd ctmtrol operator 0/ the re-
mOh^ eaufroiled station. We will also
require that the ntinie and telephcme
number of the station licensee and at
leo3t one control operator be poprted in a
consplcuou.^ place at the remotely con-
trolled transmitter location. We are
aware that m&ny 1lcen:$ec3 consider re-
quirements of thL^ sort to be nn justifiable
buidetifi.^ but we believe it ^Essential that
there be adecitmte procedures to enaure
that the Commission Is able to contact
the llcenfiee or control operators of a re-
motely tontroUed station In the event of
station malfunction, We agree with re-
spondents, ftuch as NARC. that in our
proposal to require attachment of a dur-
able teg contftining certain information
to the antenna or antenna f eedllne of a
remotely controlled station xcould serve
no useful purpose, and we deoUne to
Adopt It. Our proposal to require the log
of a reaoteb" controlled station to con*
t«Lln a list of authorized control opera^tors
was generally supported In the com-

ments, and we are adopting It a4 pro-
posed.

f. We ore making an additiona! one
megahertz of spectrum available far re*
ptiiter operation m the amateur two me ^
ter hand. It i$ clear from the comments
that amateurs engage in a wide variety
of aetlvltieft azNl that repeater operation
is but one of these aettyitles. It !i also
clear that many amateurs beUeve their
■ctivitJeii mu»t be protected from pos&ihie
encroachment by stations in repeater op-
eration. For this rea^^n, ve «ill noi
adopt oilr pfiipoial to make al amateur
frequencies available for repeater ^nd
auxniarr ofMnttQa. Hie pcrpmahre op-
potJtke to otir pimjMWJd i^»xatlan con-
rincea u* that the Amatenr Senrk* ia not
ftilty prepar«I to aannne xesponaLbEllQr
for complete miuia^enient of its own spec
trum. We are therefore not allocayfif
any addttionai frequcncka for repeater
operatloti or auxiliary operation below
144 IbfHx Many comments, however,
stated that there is a definite. Immediate
need for additional frequeiicte^ for re-
peater operation In the two meter bend
and above. At the suggestton of T-
MARC„ we are aHocarting an additional
onemegai;ertzol spectrum, 144-5 to 14&.S
MHsc, for repeater operation. We are
Also increasing Technician Claims operator
privile«(*B to Include 144.5-145.0 MITt^. to
pem^lt Technician Class llcenseea to Lake
advantage of tho new allocation for re^
peater operation, We believe this addi-
tional allocation wUl meet the future
need for frequencies in the two meter
band for repeater operation, while pro-
viding adequate protection for veak sig-
nal and other aetiylty in that frequency
range. We do not agive with the ARRI#
that this alloc«tlon requires a new rule
iDAklnf proceeding. In onr Notice of pro*
po»d Rule Making in thja proceeding
we propoaed to make the entire two me-
ter baiMl andlable for repester operation.
Oitr Ucenaeea were put on notice that we
were actively considering additional fre-
queticlei for repeater operation in the
two meter band. Tlie clahn that nOgtsmUm
notice has not been given that 144 J-14S J
1CH& Might be allocated liv repeater
operatbxt cannot be atoiported. We «ie
alio maHmr all ama4£ur fregTMniiw
above 120 MH^ except 43S-43£ l£Hz,
avftUAble for both repeater and auxiliary
operation.^ There wms litUe. If any, og>-
poeition to an increase in the fre^ueneiea
avallabie for repeater operBtlon above
the two meter band, aiid we believe that
In making all amateur frequencies above
320 MHz flvallftble for repeater and aux-
iliary operation we are providing ama-
teur licensees with a great deal of flexi-
bility while at the same time continuing
to protect the "weak signal " two meter
activity. We will continue to evaluate the
spectrum requirements for repeater and
auxiliary ope ration, however.

g, Wt* G.re taking no action at th f ,^ Hm^
on our proposed new rule concernintj pfi^
Dtitff in «.tcrg<? 0/ amateitr freijuencies.
We may. liowcver, take action at some
13 me in the future if certain spectrum
management probleme within the ama-
teur community are' not settled by the
amateui-s themselves. As detailed tn a
recent Public Notice on this subject, we
are inereaningly concerned aitout tnuli-
cloiis interference to. and from, certain
amateur serrlce 'monitoring nets'. If am-
ateurs ouukot SDhre these conflicts and
others arlstng from compeitni demands
for i^Kctrum, thsi the Cdnunlsajbn tnust
ctma^^KT addltltmal restilatiaiu to fdo) ve
then matters. We are also not taking any
action at this time 00 chanEring repeater
E3P limlliL, Any action in mis a^^a wdl
be done tn a separate mleimaking pro-
ceedings

7> Accordingly, it ft of^d^ed. pursuant
to authority contained in SecUons 4<lK
5 ' e) . nnd 109 of the Communleatietia Act
of 1934, as amended. That Part &7 of tiie
Contmlasion's Rule£ is amended aa »t
forth b^low eflectlve Noirember 4. 1077.
It i» fi^ther ordered. That alt pending
applkatldns for new r^^eater station U-
censea in the Amateur Radio Service are
dLiml^T^ed. It U further ord^red. That tlie
Motion to Accept Late Filed Comments
submitted by the American Radio Relay
League, Incorporated is granted, and
that the Motion to Accept Late Piled
Beply Comments submitted by the Em-
pire Radio Ciub ts granted, tt Is fuTther
ordered, That to the extent BM-2e64
and RM-^'JQO have not been urant^Kl
herein, they are denied. Jt U further or-

. „£e/i us ifoti tact as

^#pm^243

dered. That this proceeding is termi-
nated.

iBecB. 4. £. 303, 48 Stat., ft4 omendad, iQflfl^
10C18> lOaa; 47 U.S.C. 1£4. 150. 303.)

Fl^SXRAL CoMUUKICATIOMrJ

CowMiessoif/

VUTCENT J. MtTLLmiH

SecTeiarjt,

Statehiekt or CoiooEsroMin M^KCtTA E,
Wmr* coitctmaiKG nt Fa(it avio Dia-
sAirrmo nr Putt

As a strong proponent of deregulation^
1 feel It is important that I explahi why
m thlf partleular initance I find it nee*
eaeary to disagree with the Commis^^lon'i
deetiion to no longer require separate
licensing of repeoter statlona. It should
b« noted, ho^^ev^^, ttiafc I do coocur in
the temalnder of the Ooinraission*! pro*
poaals to deregulate Fart 97 of the Com^
mkadOQ^i mis.

I vntf Impressed, after reading the
comments in this proceeding personally,
that almoet an the comments oppoied the
cUmlnatloii of separste repeat^^ station
UcenseB. The Commission bellerea that
the contentions of various repMlcr org^-^
nittatioos including T-MARC, petiuoner
In RM^^TSO, that elimination of aepa^te
repeater station licenses wUl encourage
more casual and hapho^zard operation
are frivolous. I respectfully disagree. The
elimination of separate repeater js tat I on
licenses will piake the volunUiry coor-
dination, frequency menagementi. and
voluntary enforcement of repeater oper-
ation much more difficult, thus inc^'eas-
Ing the probability of Increafling Inter-
ference— a probBbillty recognliQed by
several repeater assocjatlorm aa well as
by the American Badlo Eelay League
(ABRL).

The Comml^on is adopting ihe pro-
posed rules to decrease the adtninl£tra-»
tlve burden associated with the proc-
evlng and i^ulng of separate repeater
slftttoo licensee, however, tht^ burdui
which I do not view as substantial, Bin4^
presenUy there are only appn^dmately
SiAOO authorized repeater stations and
recently only about an average of two
applications a day are received ^for re-
peater atatfons, must be veigbed against
the Ufctilh ood of incre^ed CommisKloai
lawoivement tn Qifcffcranent problems. It
la quite likely that the potential enforce-
meat problBns wiH prote to be mote
ratUj than the savings to be gained by
eOlmlnatjon o{ the separate proeeaalng of
wpeater station liceDaes. Moreover, J
agree with the ARRL comment that by
requiring a separate appUcaijon for a
repeater station licease "'the applicant
ii pliiced on notice that something more
than the grant of a simple application t*
required/' Comments, ARRU p 15. 1 also
believe that repeater licensees hove a
special responsibility to sei^e the public
Interest and the requirement of a sepa-
rate license places the licensee on notice
find n^i3t3 in keeping the licensee ac-
countable.

Therefore, for the above reasanft. I
dlitsent.

^Our eeclilQU to Hmke the ffiitlr# 420-4flO
MHr nmateur tAn4, except 43£^?a M^,
avaUjii?l« for rep«atcr op&rAiibb moflt* the
'"blaoKet'* WKtvfef gtmnuKl by tbft Cliijaf,
fiatttj Knd Bpeei^ £Lidla Service* Bixtfau ta
iNUUiit fiAt-ar&n KnutHeur televutton rep«it«r
aptrmtlob In itut twnd. Tb^t umiYer li liate-
1^ ^arttiuiatcd.

'By the CammiBBiDn : CiialnnAn Wilc^ ison-^
eurrlng in the result:; CosnmlPiH'inriQr Quelle
aiaien.tiiig: Commicslon ei WlilL# cunctunring
In pu-i uid dissentdng tn p«rt uid tuulnf a

Reprinted from the Federal Register.

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Si 5. 00 encid*»d. D Caih D Chfck O Money Order

Bill D Waster ChiFp G BankAprvncard D Amertcan iMprfrii

Cird 7

Innrtiaitk -

.£xp dite.

Stgruturt , _

D &4ll rT% direct. (Tve signed above)

'T»t Shirt i«fit whflti b*ll it pftid. Alloi/v six viMks (or proogning.

Toll Free Subscription Number 1800) 2S8-5473
US pnt^ - off«f «xpfres 12/31/77

pETmboftotXik ptk OMf 6 73/1 2/7 7

I kllQlDCTlid i

AMSAT

LOCAL AMATEUR RADfO

OPERATOR ELECTED ARRL

SECTION COMMUNICATIONS

MANAGER FOR LA COUNTY

Stan S. BrDkl of Sunland, known to
his amateur radio colleagues as
K6YYQ, has just added aoother laurd
to hi$ crown. He was elected Section
Communlcaiions Manager for Lo$
Angeles County for the American
Radio Hetay League, the largest ama-
teur radio enthusiasts' organization.
The League acts as spokesman for a
large segment of the nearly a third of
a million FCC-licensed amateur radio
operators in the United States.

Stan (5 a senior engineering assistant
at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in
Pasader^. He has been an amateur
operator for twenty two years.
Among his earlier laurels were his
presidency of the JPL Amateur Radio
Club during 1976 and his handling of
the transmission of the JPL Viking
Lander pictures of the surface of Mars
to the amateur radio world via slow
scan TV. In many parts of the world,
Itieae pictures were ttie only ones
received from the surface of Mars. He
1$ atso the vice chairman of the Los
Angeles Council of Amateur Radio
Clubs.

The Amerrcan Radio Relay League^
in addition to its activity as spokes-
man for the amateur radio communi-
cations community, has a variety of
activities in which amateurs partici-
pate. For some of these, awards are
granted, such as for working ail states,
or working all coniir^nts. The ARRL
is also involved in emergency com-
munications when the need aris^. The
activity is called Amateur Radio
Emergency Service (ARES), which
handles commLinications in emer-
gene pes such as floods, earthquakes, or
other catastrophic occurrences when
normal communications media fail.
Radio amateur operators are equipped
to provide such communications with
their battery-powered and mobile
rad tos.

In an interview, Stan was asked
what his job was as SGIVI. He told us,
'The SCM is the only elected official
in the ARRL operming program. That
ISp programs involving "on-the-air" ac-
tivities. He fosters communicBtion
networks, makes appotntments of
qualified amateurs to various com-
munications fynctionsi, and generally
provides the leadership for the sec-
tion/'

One of Stan's plans ts to expand the

ARES activfty to place It in iBadine^
for any emergency that should arise.
He pointed out that ARES differs
from the Radio Amateur Civil Emer-
gency Service (RACES) in that the
latter is operated locally by the LA
County Sheriff's Disaster Communi-
cations Service to maintain communh
t^ations in the public service area
where officialdom most be in com-
munication with Its head quart ers and
the emergency services* On the other
hand, ARES provides what Stan called
"people-to-people communtcatfons/*

DECEMBER

FLIGHT TEST

OF AMSAT/ JAMS AT

SATELLITE TRANSPONDER

The Radio Amateur Satellite Cor-
poration (AMSAT) has obtained the
cooperation of a number of amateur
radio dubs up and down the state of
California in flying the AMSAT-
OSCAR D 2'meter*to-70-centimeter
n46 to 345 MHz I amateur radio
satellite transponder for a test to
provtde amateurs throughout the state
an opportunity to test their gear and
to familiarize themselves with the
techniques and procedures to be used
in oparating the transpo rider during its
orbital phase as AMSAT -OSCAR 8.
nnods J, The flight will take place
Oecember 3^ 1977. An aircmft con-
taining the transponder will fly a
course starting from Van Nuys Air-
port near Los Angeles to San Diego,
Santa Barbara, San Francisco, Stock-
ton, Fresno, Bakersfield, and back to
Van Nuys,

This will be the fourth flight test of
an amateur radio com muni cat Kins
satellite transponder since the
AMSAT-OSCAR 6 2 meter-to^
ID- meter was flown on the east coast
in May^ T971, by members of the
AMSAT Washington group. In
September, 1971, the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory Amateur Radio Club ran a
flight test similar to the one to be run
In December on the 2-to- 10- meter
transponder. JPL ARC was also in-
volved in a flight test of the 43115
MHz 10 145.95 MN/ "Umsctier"
(built by AMSAT Deutschland} which
became the mode 3 transponder of
OSCAR 7. The fatter flight test was
run in September, 1973,

A great many amateur operators
participated in these earlier flight
tests, learn ^r>g the ropes^ so to speak,
about ope rat ir^ through an amateur
satellite tranqionder under closely
similar conditions to those which
would occur in orbit.

Activity through the transponder is
encouraged during the December 3rd
flight, and a commemorative QSL will
be sent to all amateurs who send in a
report of Stations worked or heard*
The aircraft call \n flight will be
WA3N0S.

During the flight, a riata>n net will
be maintained at aboyt 7230 kHz,
using the call W6V 10.

The test flight is cosponsored by
the amateur radio clubs of Jet Propul-
sion Laboratory, Hughes, TRW, and
Pro|ect OSCAR, as well as several
other Celifornia amateur organiza-
tions.

One major purpose of the flight is
to assist radio amateurs in adjusting
their equipment for operation on the
new amateur satellite frequencies
above 435 MHz, the onfy available
frequencies in the 420-450 MHz band
open to sateHlte use under the ITU
regulations. A secondary purpose is to
determine the mutual interference
potential between AMSAT-OSCAR D
and amateur TV enthusiasts operating
above 435 MHz. Launch of the A D-D
amateur radio communications sal el -
lite is scheduled for February 17,
1978.

Reports should be sent to Skip
Reymann W6PAJ. at Post Office Box
374, San Dimas, California 91773.

StaniBY S, BfQkt K6YYQ was recemfy efectmi SCM for the ARRL LA sectton.
Hb is shown hefe examining an OSCAR dispfay at the JPL library. The
turntabh shows the four interior p&nds of OSCAR 7*

Dick Ufrich K6KCY puts finishing touches on the W meter whip for the
OSCAR 7 test flight in W73. Dick will participate in the flight test of the
AMSA T/JA MSA T spscecrsft in December,

tell Ma Bpl] Lhat she i^hou

Rampage f7

GE and various doctors wourd not
^ve me anv suggestions, I was liK^ky
enough to gel in touch with a man in
ihB School of Aerospace iVledicine,
who told me of their extensive experi-
ments wfth electro magnetic radiation
and pacemakers, including 15 models
of the G€, which proved them panic-
ularly susceptible. It is true that their
experiments were not on a ham fre^
quencv, but their frequencv was neaf
enough the 20 meter band to be
significanL It was here ihm. \ goT
suggestions for the gmuoded cage I
built.

Possibly you may have occasion to
pass along my experiences, or to
improve upon them.

F. L.WiltroutW9VFG
Elkhart IN

Tech meal Editor, QST
225 Main Street
NewingionCT 06111

Dear Sir;

Some time ago, \ wrote you that I
had a General Electric pacemaker in^
stalled, and that v^en I attempted to
make a transmission the radiation cut
rt out I asked if you kr^ew of any
articles In ham publications or other^
wise which might help me g&t on the
air. Your reply was negativa,

! have since read newspaper articles
to the effect that CBers, using illegal
amplifiers, were interfering not only
with pacemakers, but also with
hearing aids.

1 solved the problem in a somewhat
awkward manner, and I would like to
pass a^ong my experiences, thinking
that they woutd be a basis for further
refinement

To begin with, \ use a Drake TR'4
and a Heath kit SB230 linear, feeding
an old Hy-Gain 20, 15, and 10 meter
beam with coax. I have a switch
arrangement to go from the beam to a
Heath kit dummy load

Using an inexpensive field strength
meter, with the aid of my son twho is
also a hamh I found that the field
strength varied according to which
way the beam was headed — that everi
on the ground forty feet from the
beam, with the beam headed in my
direction, the pacemaker acted up. I
could tell when the rig was on trans*
mit merely by feeling my pylse.

The next step was to take reading
when the rig wss. on the dummy load.
There was no reading whatsoever even
when the meter was set on top of the
rig. (tnciden tally, the swr is down to
one to one.)

My son and I then constructed a
son of cage, five feet high and three
feet wide and deep, with both top and

bottom, of perforated aluminum
sheet, covefed by a layer of copper
wire. This was attached to a good
outiicle ground. The microphone with
switch was run into the cage, and I
was back on the airl There was no
field strength reading in the cage while
transmitlirg. it Is a little awkward
reaching out the door to tune in
stations, but you can't have every*
thing. The rig itself can be tuned up
on the dummy load.

So far I have tried only 20 and 40
meters, the latter on an Inverted V,
without the linear.

This is the old principle of the
Faraday Cage, discovered in England
many years ago, and hardly men-
tioned in the Handbook.

It occurs to me that the transceiver
itself coo Id be moved into the cage for
greater operating convenience.

You can understand why I am
reiuctant to do too much ex peri-
men ting personally when it might stop
my heart.

Perhaps a more simple solution
could be found, tike putting some
kind of shieid on the roof underneath
the beam, or on the ceiling of the
snac K .

Anyway, perhaps one of your
bright yotjng mefi might be willing to
take my experiments and build on
them. They are welcome to use my
observations and experience.

F. L. WiltroutW9VFG

21G West High Street

Elkhart IN 46514

SUPER PAT

Although in the past I've not been
in ^itire agreement with most of your
editorials, I will say this much — Tve
written several letters praising your
study guides (which you've never
printed). Wall, here comes a super pat
on your back with a request fol-
lowing.

On August 29* 1977, my emplov-
rrnent required that I Obtain a 2nd
Class Radiotelegraph license. The first
thotight in my head was, "Oh-oh. a
supervised code exam at 20 and 16
wpm/* so I got out your 20-^ tape —
the one with all the weird characters
- and listened to it for 16 hour ewery
day for 17 days. (Keep in mind that
I've been inactive for 3 years now.)
Come the 2&th in Detroit, the ex-
ami rver put 20 wpm on arvd I really
was shocked — tt sounded like about
t5 wpml \ sw^r I coold have
sharpened my pencil in between
groups. No kiddlngl t even copied 3B
wpm almost solid after listening to
that tape — the same tape that, by the
way, at first I spent 10 minutes of
each half hour cursing. I now have a

2nd Class Radiotelephone, a 2nd Class
Radiotelegraph, and an Advanced ham
license, which I can say w^e duck
soup to get after using your study
guides and tapes. Now I will be going
to Marquette to take the First Class
Radiotelephone, the Extra Class, and
the Radar Endorsement.

By the way, I'll be going for my 1st
Class Radiotelegraph In a few months
— do you have a 25+ wpm tape I can
purchase?

Kenneth M. Cubilo. Jr. WB8D01

Rogers City Ml

Sure, $4,00, - Ed.

BE A LEGAL JAMMER

We would like to invite a couple of
hams around the world for commur»i*
cation backup, m\d they can take all
their equipment We would give them
1/3 off the total cruise ooiL

Captain Mike Burke

Windjammer Cruises

PO Box 120

Miami Beach FL 33139

FEATHER

Just wanted to drop you a note and
put another feather in your cap. Last
June, 1 purchased your 21+ wpm tape.
When \ received it, \ played rt for
about five minutes. I then Ignored the
tape until the first of September, l
practiced your tape an average of 46
minutes a day for 3 weeks. On
Sefitember 21, [ went to the FCC and
took the exam. I aced the code test. 1

didn't have time to sleep in between
characters, but I did copy com-
fortably the 20 wpm. I could copy
your tape about 9B% — let's face it, a
code group like "kee ie*' is something
else. If you can't copy the group, it
does teach you not to be flustered by
missing a character or small group of
characters.

Once again, thar>ks — and be proyd
of those feathers and cap. I will be
forwarding my callsign change when I
get my 2x2 call,

Kevin C. Pot^r WA6DlStW
Arcadia CA

M.O.M.

With Christmas again rapidly
approaching, we at Military Overseas
Mail are conc^ned about the mar^y
thousands of our miitary perronnel
who will be away friom their homes
and families during the holiday
season. For many of these young men
and women, this will be the first
Christmas away from home^

Readers of 73 Magaime can help
make this holiday season a little less
lonely and a little more enjoyable for
many of these young people by
joining in the collection of Christmas
mail sponsored by Military Oy^rseas
Mail. This is an ideal project for
school clatses, clubs^ and other groups
as well as individuals and families. For
more Information, please send an
SASE to Military Overseas Mail, Box
4330, Arlington VA 22204, and men-
tion that you read abooC M,0,M. tn 73
Magazine, Thank you*

Lee Spencer
Arlington VA

Tracking

the Hamburg lar

HIJACKED: Heathkit 2 meter trans-
cervef HW-2036, series no. 03719,
Heathkit Micoder HD-1982. series no-
00622, from my company car on
October 10, 1977, at about 16:35
CDT, 1713 Webster St„ Omaha,
Nebraska. My ham call and social
security no. 482-62-4198 are engraved
in the chassis of the radio. A reward
will be offered to the individual who
returns the radio to me. Tom O.
Mjkkelsen WAOPOD, 902 Avenue G.,
Council Bluffs, Iowa 51501, (712)
323-8036: (office) Motorola Com-
munications, 11045 1 St., Omaha,
Nebraska 68137, (402) 331 7709.

RIPPED OFF: Atlas 350XL with
DDG-XL digital dial, s/n 877025, and
ac power supply for the Atlas, s.'n

877104 OS. Taken on October 1,
1977. Jay A. Leonard WSTSM, Rt. 1
Box 32A, Pottsville AR 72858.

RIPPED OFF: Regency HR^2B trans
ceiver, 2 meter, 12 channel. Serial no,
49^04353. 1 - 94-94, 2 - 34-94 3 -
52-52, 4 -^ 13-73, 5 - 19'79, 6 -
96-36, 7 - 16-76, 8 - 04-64, 9 -
25-85, 10 - police, 1 1 ^ 4&46, 12 -
sheriff. Carl R. Willis K8DK0, 464
FoTEsl Street, Mansfield OH 44903.
call collect |4T9) 524-2367.

TAKEN: Drake ML2, s/n 11546,
Stoken from: Tom Fraser WA0QQT,
Colorado Springs, Colorado. (303)
635-8911. ext, 3874. Frequencies
in^alled: 34-94, 94-94, t&76, 07-67,
22 82, 2B-SS

Corrections

Please note a correction to my
article, 'Track OSCAR With Your
SR-52" (November, p. 58)- Lines
20-21, column 4, page 59* should

read: 'In register 13. Steps Ot 8 to 038
solueecfuation 1 and".

Art Burke W6UIX
San Diego CA

Compare the Atlas 350-XL
with other transceivers . . .

TYPE 1 ALL SOLID STATE

HYBRID (VACUUM TUBE P.A.) |

MODEL

ATLAS
350 XL

TEN
TEC

YAESU
FT-301

DRAKE
TR4-CW

HYGAIN
3750

KENWOOD
TS-820

TEMPO
2020

INPUT
POWER

350
WATTS

200

1 200

300 ,

200

180

BANDS

1Q-160M

10-80M
, 160MQPT

10-1 BOM

10-80M

10-160M

10-1 BOM

10-80M

. . . and see why it's your best buy!

Above is a chart companng leading HF Transceivers
that IbW m appioxiiTiately the sam& price range as
the Atlas 350-XL. The Drake TR4-CW is least ex^
pensive, while the HY-Gain 3760 is the highest.
Rated power input {SSBj and bands covered are
listed in the chart but below is a discussioiT on a
number of other interesting comparisDns whicli will
help you choose the right transcetver for your
station.

1, STATE-OF-THE ART. ALL
SOLID STATE

The first 3 transceivers listed above are all solid
state. The real designs of the futuref Having n^anti-
facturtd and sold over 12,000 of our little 21 Ox/
Z15x's. we can attest to the high performance and
relabiflty of alt sotid state design. Tubes for the
driver and PA., with their tunmg circijits and high
vohage power supplies are rapidly becoming obso-
leEe. As a result theif resale vaiue witi be decini ng.

2.P0WER RATING.

The higher power rating on the 350-XL provides
you with a comfortable edge over the others. Run-
ning barefoot you can easily ride over the com-
petition. If you're driving a linear you don't have to
strain for every bit of drive hom the transceiver it
can loaf along with ease. The 350 watt input rating
IS realty very conservative. Typical input power runs
upwards of 400 to 450 watts without flat-topping.
Considerably more than the others.

3. BAND COVERAGE

Not only does the 35QXL cover the 10 through 160
meter hands (including all of 10 meters in four 50O
kHi segments), but one of its exclusive features is
that you can install up to 10 auxiliary 500 kHz
ranges anywhere from 2 to 5 MHi, and from 6 to
23 MHz. This gives you great flejtibility for MARS
operation and possible future amateur bands Crys-
tais for Auxiliary Ranges are installed internatly, fn
addition, the 350-XL provides reception of WWV at
5, 10. and ^5 MH2. without having to add any aux-
iliary range crystals.

4. DIGITAL FREQUENCY READOUT

On the 350-XL, the optional Digital Dial can be in-
stalked, and you still retain the conventional anafog
cfiaL with the option of switching the digrtal dial off
if you wish With the TenJec or YaesLi 301, you
lose the analog dial if you purchase the digrtal dial
modeL making you totally dependent on the digital
iml

5. FULL BREAK IN CW

Only two rigs offer this feature,^ the Atlas 350-XL
and the Ten-Tec ! The others are all 'semi^break-
m". And the Atfas includes CW sidetone with pitch
and volume adjustments.

6. NARROW BAND CW FILTER

This ts another standard feature in the Atlas, op-
tional on the Ten-Tec . Yaesu, and Kenwood. Ours
is an LR ftlter with 5Q0 fiz bandwidth, and shape
factor of better than 3 to 1,

7. A.F. NOTCH FILTER

This 350-XL standard feature permits nulling out
heterodynes and other interference. The Yaesu. Hy-
Gain and Kenwood include a similar feature.

8.SPEECH COMPRESSION

The standard Atfas ALC system provides up to 20
dB of R.F. compression which increases your talk
power and at the same time reduces "flat -topping"
and splatter. An optional speech processor to pro-
vide up to 2D dB additional A.F. compression will be

+ MADE IN AMERICA •^^••••••* + *•**••••* •*^

Jf We're very proud that every Atlas transceiver is rfiade right here in America^ (as are the TtiK jf
^ Tec and Orslte). We think thi American worker, and our empioyees in pariicufar. are the most J^^
^ tafented. industrious people in the world. The quality and versatilfty of our transceivers we ^^
^ proof of this. ^

And by using this American quality workmanship, advanced value engineering in design and
^ manufacture, and rigid quality control, the Atlas transceiver ts not only competitively priced ^
^ with the imports, but is actually a better valuel ^

**•••••••••••*••••*•••••*••• *•*

^^^ Merry Chris imas and H off day Greetings from all the gang at At las I

available soon for instaHatJon in the A£ supply. The
HyGain, Kenwood, and Yaesu also provide some
form of speech processing.

9. AUXILIARY VFD

All of the rigs listed offer an optional second VFO
for split fret^uency operation. But Atlas is the only
one with an Auxiliary VFO that is not an addon
box. The Atlas Auxiliary VFO plugs right into a
space provided in the upper right hand corner of
the front paneL Although miniature in size it tunes
the same 500 kHz as the primary VFO. and does it
smoothly with toarse and fine controls that have
10^ planetary drives. Green, yellow, and red LED's
let you know which VFO you have set up for
receiving and transmitting, Very neai. and all
seff-contained.

An option to the Mode) 305 Auxif ary VFO js the
Model 3t 1 crystal oscillator that provides up to 12
crystal controlled channels. It also plugs into the
front panel just liice the 305. Wrnier controls pro-
vide fine tuning of the crystal frequency.

10. MOBILE/PORTABLE OPERATION

The Atlas, Ten -Tec . and Yaesu, being solid state,
are unique in that they will operate mobile or port-
able directly from a 12-14 voh DC baUery Also, the
solid state rigs are considerably smaller and lighter
wemht than the hybrid rigs. The Atlas ts unique in
having a very handy plug-in mobile braclcet for the
350*XL that makes it a simple matter to plug-in and
go mobile,

11. OTHER 350*XL STANDARD

FEATURES include R.l.T. VOX, Crystal Calibra-
tion, ANL. and Noise Blanker.

Compare the Atlas 350-Xl SSE-CW Transceiver
with the others, and we think you'lf agrea the Atlas
has everything you'll ever need in a transceiver.
And it's made m America.
And let us not forget to mention Our Customer
Service which Is second to none. Just ask the ham
who owns one.

Model 350-XL (less options). . . $99S.
Model DDB-XL Digrtal Dial . . $229.
Model aOBAuxiliarY VFO . $1SS.

^igt ATLAS

" ^^ RADIO INC.

417 Vi3 Del Monte. Ocsansfde, CA 32054

- Phone (7141 433-1983

. .c Special Customer Service DJreci Line

1714)433-9591

J. Tom BadgBtt K4MDK
1 91 7 W^mgton Street
Bluefkid WV 247QI

Inside Ten-Tec

-' QRP innovators

t started with a telephone former president of Electro- field, a design engineer for
call in 1969. Al Kahn, Voice, rang up Jack Burch- Began in New Jersey. Kahn

Dick Frey K4XU/WJFCC ts Ten-Tec's chief engineer. Ttte Century 21 is fiis design, and he's
obviously proud of it "It works great on the bands, *' Dicti beams, and says he's finally doing
the job he*s always wanted to do. That seems to be the spirit throughout the Ten-Tec
operation.

had moved from Michigan to
Seviervillei Tennesseei after
he left Electro-Voice, and he
wanted to get back into the
mainstream.

''Hey^ Jack, come on
down, and let's do some-
thing/* he suggested in that
first telephone call. To hear
jack Burchfield tell it, a
second request wasn't
needed. He had so much con-
fidence in the man he had
worked with when he himself
was at E-V, that Jack imme-
diately packed up his family
and moved south to Ten-
nessee.

Both admit that Ten-Tac,
Incorporated, a company
now well-known for its solid
state ham gear, wasn't formed
in the conventional manner.
Once they got together in
Seviervillei the pair set about
adding some kind of manu-
facturing business to their
tool and die shop already
under construction. Hl-fi gear
came to mind first, since both
had a number of years of
experience in the field.

A! says they rejected that
idea pretty quickly becaiisCj
'^We both were sort of tired
of it. After the pioneering
days were over, the fun went

out of it.'* They agreed, in-
stead, that they should
pioneer some form of ama-
teur radio equipment for the
beginner. And the Power Mite
line of solid state transmitter
and receiver modules was
born.

Low -power, low-priced
solid state kits for lh« ama-
teur market was an idea
whose time just hadn't come^
however, Ten-Tec sold fewer
than five thousand of the
units, and the ones they did
sell went not to the beginner
but to the guy with the S-line
and the two letter call.

"If a Novice is going to
work anybody with two
Watts, he'd better have every-
thing just about perfect,"
Jack said. ''So most of the
equipment went to the ham
who wanted the challenge
and to the QRP group.'*

Whatever the reason, sales
volumes weren't high enough
to support the young com-
pany, even though the multi-
thousand square foot plant
was paid for before produc-
tion started. There were two
founding principles they
weren't ready to give up,
though: low power and solid
state design < The Argonaut
was the next logical step^ and
acceptance was a little more
general, even though it stilt
ran only five Watts. This was
in 197L There were four
more years of slim times
before this guts-formed com-
pany became a force large
enough to be reckoned with
in the ham radio market.

^ 'We're making money
now/* board chairman Kahn
says, '*We turned the corner
with the Triton/'

One reason for the stow
financial success may have
been the company's strict
dedication to treating the
ham fairly. After the Triton
came out. for example, it was
decided that some design
changes should be made. But
before marketing the new
unit, Ten-Tec made sure all
the dealers knew a new design
was on the way, and they
instructed their dealers to tell
Trilon purchasers a new box
was coming.

Remmiscent of Ten- Tec i earliest beginnmgs, this htest design — a solid state CW transceiwr —
began with a telephone call. Ten-Tec founder Af Kahn K4FW says he got three calls in quick
succession from people wanting a reasonably priced station for large Novice classes. The Century
21 was the result - all solid state^ broadband tuning, 10 Watts input, direct conversion receiver.
Complete with built-in power supply, the unit is selling for $289.00. This is a prototype, but
it's all there. Nothing Is missing, even though there seems to be lots of room leftover inside.

Ten-Tec President Jack Burch field KSjU (left, standing) and Board Chairman A I Kahn K4FW
(right, standing) watch as a technician gives one of the new digital Triton IVs an on-the-air

Ctt€Cl\m

Ei/en the power transformers for Ten-Tec equipment are
wound at the Sevieryffte TN plant. A madiine autamaticaUy
inserts l&mmathns in the transformer windings, then the
whole affair is dipped in a seaiant and put on a rack to harden.

This coil winder is a Ten-Tec innovation. The machine is

attached to a digital tarns-counter^ which also is programmed
to stop the winder after the proper number of turns has been
applied to the form, it sa^s time and cuts down on errors.

The familiar red and black Ten-Tec iogo ready to go on a

Triton IV, or Argonaut ^ or f^eyer^ or Century 21, or power
supply f or , . .

**lt probably cost us
$25,000 to $30,000 to do it

that way/* Al says, **but we
did it knowingly and it was
the right move."

Design standards are strict,
too. Until recently. Jack
Burchfield was chief engineer
as well as company president,
and, with ten or fifteen years
in the audio business, he
naturally put sonne of that
experience into the Triton —
less than two per cent audio
distortion, for example. Too,
he saySi computer predictions
show a useful life on the solid
state finals of 25 years. (In
thousands of Tritons shipped,
only 5 final transistors have
failed.) Each vfo board is
individually compensated for
temperature stability after it
is built. Toroids, coils,
cabinets, chassis, circuit
boards^ dial mechanisms,
transformers — they're all
built under one roof in
Sevierville, Tennessee,

What's the ham market
like loday? Challenging, Jack
and Al agree, and changing, A
ham doesn't have to be an
engineer anymore to have
fynctional equipment, and,
jack believes, more and more
people are gelling into ham
radio ''to talk to people, not
to tinker/' That's one reason
Ten-Tec is offering sophisti-
cated gear that's easy to
operate — broadband tuning,
for example, and instant
break-in.

Supplying the ham market
is a little like trying to please
all the people alt the time- It
means keeping up with chang-
ing technology, but, more-
over^ staying abreast with
what the buyer wants- To
that end, a digital readout
version of the Triton IV
already is moving down the
production line. Ri^t behind
it is a solid state, CW-only
transceiver, which eventually
will grow into a complete
station package — keyer,
tuner, antenna* A kilowatt
solid state linear is on the
back burner.

The Ten-Tec company
presents an unusual dichot-
omy - state-of-the-art hard-
ware and old 'fashioned

philosophy- Even though
starting with all solid state
equipment probably slowed
the company's development,
Al and Jack are adamant that
whatever they design will use
no tubes. They're putting
those modern circuit designs
in almost futuristic erv
closures.

They work hard, on the
other hand, to maintain a
small -company, personal
approach to the business as
they grow. Even with $3
million in sales projected next
year, there seems to be no
worry about the company
losing its personality,

•*We did it al Electro-
Voice," A! reflects, "It's just
got to start at the top and go
down/*

Wherever it starts, the
kcling is there. The people
throughout the plant ob-
viously take pride in their
work. They're proud of the
Ten*Tec equipment they're
turning out. They seem to
know a great deal about the
work they perform, and
there*s a comradeship among
all the staff that's heartening
in these days when most
people seem reticent in their
relationships.

It's encouraging, too, to
hear a ham equipment sup-
plier promise to supply state-
of-the-art gear based on a
good engineering design,
maintain a five-year warranty
on the product, and answer
every query and comment on
the equipment-
Ham radio is growing and
so are most companies
supplying these new hob-
byists. The hams at Ten-Tec
have a move-carefully
attitude - partly because
theyVe not sure what direc-
tion ham radio may uke in
the ftjture. But Al Kahn is
sure of one thing: 'Whatever
you're doing, do it the best
you can, and don't try to
move into greener pastures
until you can nail down your
present job*"

That idea pervades the
Sevierville planL It's as if
everybody is walking around
with a mouthful of nails and
a big hammer, *

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THE FOLLOWING MATERIAL DOES NOT COME WITH
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HOLDER, T-03 SOCKET, POWER CORD AND MOUNT^
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HAL-60OK (Same Spftcifications as MAL-600A) . ^_ $124.00

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HAL<50X

(Same Specifications as HAL 300A)
fSame Specifications as HAL-50A>

$99.00
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HAL-0-300PRE (Pre -drilled GIO board and all com-
ponents) _ ^ $19.95

HAL-0-300P/A (Same as above but wrth preamp)

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ponents) $39,95

HAL-IGHZ (New ftem - Available In December)

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(HAL-600A — $229,00) (HAL-300A — $199.00) HAL-
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*1|*AL" HAROLD C NOWL^ND

wezxH

Eric ^alkhauser W9CJ
527 Spring Creek Road
Washington IL 61571

The History
of Ham Radio

-- part V

Reprinted from QCC Mews, a
publication of the Chicago Area
Cliapter of the QCWA,

The first amateur radio
gel- together of any size
was the St. Louis Midwest
Convention in December of
1920, shortly after our li-
censes became available !n
1919, No sooner had the
enthusiasm at the St. Louis
gathering died down, than the

ARRL Board of Directors
proposed a national conven-
tion.

In these early years after
World War I, there was so
much newness in everything
connected with wireless, and
there were so many orignal
and worthwhile ideas to be
aired, that no mere Morse
code contact was sufficient*
Voice communication had
not as yet entered our ama-
teur wireless channels. Am a-

Hurry Up
Fellows !

WE DONT WANT TO MISS THAT
FIRST TItAIN TO THE

FIRST NATIONAL A.R.RJ.

CONVENTION &, RADIO SHOW

IN CHICAGO

AUGUST 30lii to SEPT, 3nL 1921

Atmvtt «fO W iu»i filled ntih «|Tp«m» mnd

Ami Oh ih<iii t^Bl lijii^fikn-i ui|( Ik: ont uTvai

■ rTalrt

Ciomii aUiii^t tvUvuf*. i^iifI »pi itd five f^t thu

bptfj^ii'vl iImjii ot yuut Uf* with h n^l Uttr

US No. L« SaII* £1^ Cliicyo

MBHufacturvrj mn4 ^BftUri Hiihinp bsIi^^^I
Apaf* flinuSil til'll* to

N. E. WUNDKHLICH
4SJ9 M«. S»wy«- At*.* ChUfltD

ALWAtt lU,VTTO?i Q ST WtHLH WHITtlvC TO ADVCKTUILmil

lot

teurs were on the verge of
many new developments.
Major Armstrong had an-
nounced his **sing)e'* signal
regenerative and then his
supen^egenerative receiver de-
signs. There were new circuits
to be tested in the transmitter
field, including the Colpitts,
the Meissner, the Hartley, and
the Heising, among others,

Amateurs wanted to be
informed. They found them-
selves in new technical sur-
roundings. So, for the first
lime, citizens of the United
States and Canada, all
interested in privately-owned
and operated radio com-
munication, decided to come
together from far and near to
a big first national con-
vention.

The first ^thering of the
clan took place from August
30 to September 3, 1921, at
the Edge water Beach Hotel,
located on the shore of l^ke
Michi^n in Illinois, History
relates ihat^ following the
success achieved at this first
national convention, it was
ordained that two succeeding
ARRL national conventions
were also lo be held at the
Edgewater Beach Hotel in
Chicago at two year intervals
- September 11 to 15, 1923,
and August 18 to 23, 1925.

There was no telling what
impact these get-togethers
would have on the future
destiny of amateur radio-
Great effort and meticulous
preparations were made for

months in advance to insure
success. Everyone connected
with the preparations hoped
that this first national
meeting would find at-
tendance coming from the far
reaches of the States and
Dominion, representing all
districts.

The midwest location
proved to be a most stragettc
and advantageous choice. The
Edgewater Beach Hotel was
at the Far north edge of
Chicago, away from heavy
traffic, with R.H.G, Mathews'
9ZN station located just to
the north on the lake shore,
spurting two tall Station
towers, a mulLiwjre antenna,
and up-to-date equipment in
his spacious shack. All agreed
that this was an ideal spot to
congregate.

The convention committee
had booked a large arena, the
Chicago Broadway Armory,
located within walking dis-
tance of the hotel. About
fifty manufacturers and
dealers in ham radio gear of
all description displayed and
demonstrated their products.
For the first time, amateurs
had an opportunity to talk
shop with those people who
had kept amateur radio alive
through their advertising in
QSTf Radio Amateur News^
Wireless Age^ catalogues, and
other literature. This was a
ham's paradise!

The convention hall,
where all the sessions took
place, was a beehive of
activity. There was no letup
in making personal contacts,
exchanging QSLs, and disr
cussing many subjects slated
on the agenda.

The Rrst Day

The ARRL President,
Hiram Percy Maxim, ad-
dressed the members with an
inspiring talk concerning the
aims and accomplishments
which amateur radio had
achieved in the relatively few
years of the ARRL's organi*
zaiion. In his introductory
remarks, the founder of the
League had the following to
say:

^*A$ we meet and open this
great convention, it is indeed

The First
NJational A.R,R.L Convention

Radio SKow

Tne Convention

HUV liK Jiany ir^n of amltettr ndw thcw ha ifiwkf[t&i an intre^ilnf
re la meet the titlicr fdlcnrf tfaai xn^ like jrmiipclf^ bfcrcsic^ m r^dio
iipQ cither as m paaJtiae ac buBncu. Aad ixnv cosies a tk^ wfa^
j^our widies ibjll be grmlihtd-

VtDtf m OiKipii PCI Au^ttsl 30, 31,^ September i, 2 aiiif I, )^t^ the Amcncaii
Radio Kclajr L«4i[uc wilt hold l Fiirt KttictnJtl ConveiUiaan afid lUdio Show,
which averyotie ii cordialty jnvilr<| to aLtend

Otti:^go iji ilself « wcmilerfiiF Aumnier reiortp DJTerin^ everv apporninirv in arty
j^iort or dav^uisn. Yon vtlt ncvi^r raf;¥V:t li^ri-ng spoil ;tart of your vacation
TIk dct*tti frf the EOntrftiiiflD an i^«tttdinc1y «Tn|ffidHj»{Tv j»ti4 mi>
of file converiticui wtlj be bSora up with ioierrMthff uvd ciuC^tifml
cenfiMce and teettirei^ ben^ in kH i tnoH coti^ptete and iiMHifiu-iip<f [wafT^vin
MomifipFv atftempfin; jtocl ei^tiii^ s^t futif arran;^ for^ Jia tint p>a win
RCfirmlier iMi cfin^eistiai 3& vxne o( i]w mxm oijfifatUe ilji]rt 6f vtinr life.

T>irrc vtiU be [leeifile tlist ymi know and many iKat fou ifo not know tfnu will
Im frcscni frtttn every district find city in ihti grrtat Uniml Sutcs. t'lnibaUy
the nloal imporuni fcoturc rif the cofivetiiion will be tht luigc baiifjuer nn ihe
ni|[hl of ^cpleinbci 3rd, and [here slioiild i>t nofie {jUin)^ to »i1lri]d. Mver^vlxHJj
ttom Ihc Ymju^ Squiti up ta Presidcfit H«rdinc wiU \k I here to ptt* you tlw
tqpr And leS jmi wtui a ireord statim Ik or tlie b fotPitE li» have Hut iu&cbl

Tbr fim day will be firoi ovrr cntinily to The ardhralt n^iiirstiiaa afid local ii^g
of llie majiy ddesalML Tbc profEam will Hart pnx^ll|' ■! ten A. M, Aiifist
J}itf io 3»a shoKild arrange to Inf in Quctfo Hntie lime di^riz^ ihe pferkiDs
ftajr* Aufv^ IQitb

"We h»ve armiriftd to nccotninftdatc you at rhi! finest boi«U b the cjly, irery
c]oi« lo all aclivtijfs„ at ratci from two dolfarv per day up

From ilic (norneni ihsir eatb delegate iiTi***, and ihfy ihould niM fereet to
brnif iJbe ladntf. unlll iJicrr dtpartufe, ibe itlmast Qjt eonsideratuin will tie
i|flvpi«d to their uletj, cttnlort and fdettnrc.

CodvaiitMa Ade^Mim will be ailaittl»4 t<> tlw Bieetlq^iv teditHft. speetrrt-
rvpeifitiaiH and Um Ratfin Sfcaw witbnut any cfaacfc

tlanqMcf ct^rgE^ Will be fivE dfdlvo p^r plate, and rTscrvntirm^ slmutd he made
imtnedi&lety with ccmventlD^ rescrvatiao min^gtt^

M. C. BOS
lid N«i USdJ* StitHt

tlCtA*

a historic event . ., In years
to come^ much will be said
about what we do here at this
first convention. We are strik-
ing out into the unknown,
and even the smaller actions
which we take here during
the next few days will weigh
heavily in the future, for they
wHl establish precedents and
standards , , . Let us not for-
get that we are pioneers,
blazing a way many are to
follow. Our responsibility is
great, and we must so reprd
iL It fs one thing to repeat
what has already been done,
but it is another altogether
different thing to do what has
never been done before. What
you see before you here to-
day has never happened in
the affairs of man. Not only
is it a great pioneer effort in
radio history, but it is a great
pioneer effort in political
history. We American and
Canadian citizens assembled
in this room represent
pioneers in the development
of something totally revolu-
tionary in the art of com-
munication. The like of what
we are doing and proposing

had never crossed the brain of
man a short ten years ago. We
already have a privately-
owned, absolutely free con*
tinentwide means of instan-
taneous communication and
no man may say we shall not
make it worldwide." (What
prophetic statements emerged
from this gathering of dedi-
cated and enthusiastic men!)
**lt is no small distinc-
tion," our President went on
to say, "to be one of those
who make history."

General and Technical
Sessions

There would be no point
in listing the names of the
high and low notables in
attendance. They were all
present. The program com-
mittee had topics scheduled
for discussion pertaining to
club organization, inter-
ference control, observations
of laws, legislative matters,
message handling, and many
technical subjects.

Charles H, Steward,
member of the ARRL legisla-
tive committee, reviewed
pending legislation, a matter

The Radio Show

HE manolaeturcxs wi4 deatert' eidiiiiit k the fitv Nuiotiat fiaiBo Show*
wbich js to be held tn conjinicliDnL with ibe coaventiQcip will be the taoft
s^tilacviat cfrnglonicnstinFi oi Htodcrrv raitirt ^^i^aipmutC thai hss evcf tieen put
on displjiy ui3di?r nite sooL Thm gorgeoui and pain|)uuK affair will Ik i/vell
«vorili ihe trip ittelf'

The Btradiray Armoty, the mtm (nodem Miid laifcsi eichibit and wfivcniJcni
boildiiif in ChicafE^ will be uted esjltrdy itx this great tbow.

Utildtd ima modiril exhibit biMilu and beaittifaDjr deettraud im mc icomS^ it
wiH eqaal in vpleiutor any of tlH ancceiaful rnmaadtHAt ihnwi Tha M^pitaiJt
«C ihe «SiJr is poijtrireljr MatKHkita^

It will indeed be a gnal thing for lite manufactuier and dealer, n-n il isi hdd
•It a time thai 4:iuiik.q Ehe opcTiiiii; ot a new and more active r^dio seoson-
Builfiesn coddLtioni tire j':ipidly irttpravjn|f mid a very nuccessful leaion is

predicted.

In iddJtKm to publktty (fana wikHit pufaIu:3lion«v droibn and pUc^iiii, lite daily
iKunfapers widli eirttibfiiHi tivcr ihe nutlion maifc iriJI l<€ co!iph>ved Ui ^dv^nise
tbe tihenr, Tliri thtxiiA nsult in i daBy aiiendlaiEf o( aBjubwe fnjm three
tA eij^hi tbctsaftd at halemted penpie. The fesolt5 Ui Ulc aiirrrlitArl^ bodi
direct md mdifvci. will be onpreGcdczttcd-

Thli is not R ni^ntry ntoltinff proposition and the brx^ttt* are beinf «nfd on
apf^rosi^ini^Ltely a prnriita baaii. The rtttivrininn delegatei wil! be Bttnttited
withnul charge;, imd Ih? eenttal pLil>3k wilt |»tiy an admiiJiioEi fee. Peritituient
paiseit wiEl be ittued to cxhihitorii The th&nr yeM apcn at the aame time 3.^
itit e<rti¥eiiiioii, len A. M. Aufiut list, and ever>^inf muit be m fcadines«
tbc day before

some ttasmA why evcfir iBinafiCTDrcj~ and d^er siwdid be ^i
It la the tii£c^ 4»ff4tr that faai trttr hecA pruiBDted ia the afe of
ntHn. It eQiax% at a time thai uut^ t)w optmn^ of the refutar r^dio sasoo.
There wdl probibly be oter fen clmuEEand pe^jiile rcvicwmif the apparatus, fiy
perioral contact with the field which he it *elltti|r he iiui)f jain gcmti ¥.M\. The
exhibit cost is Itrrt- and the rtJultji will be big,

Ymir corapetitor may have an exhibit and if you do not — welU thiidc il ovtr.

There wil) be every accwpnodiiioD. available for the c^hiUliiiir, deleg^lei and
the ffnent pidrfic The Ajmory H caoirefiiemly looted near ilie three holds
0] whkii the nsa^iy nf ifae dttciata will *^a^ TEici^ ate al^ excefleiir mmw^
OKtboa ^af by w|nf & wiU fspP^ ^'^^^ iparie and ^vxie iraBtnn^km for tfae
nctplkm «f adubitots.

It witi be a long while befon such oppottqfiities as are hexe offered will sigsin
be preioitedr

Han

which required constant at-
tention. Seven bills under de-

bale in Congress at that par-
ticular time related to sub-

jects concerning radio go!>

irol, radio regulation, and en*
force men t_ Observations
made at this meeting were
that: **lf just two of these
bills go through in their pres-^
ent form, the wavelengths,
power, and decrement are
then subject to control of the
Commission, and ihey keep
us champing around from one
wavelength to another, in-
creasing and decreasing the
power available for amateurs.
Constant vigilance is of vital
importance to insure the ama*
teur's place in the radio spec-
trum."

Probably the topic which
drew top attention during the
convention, and which was
subject to heightened debate,
proved to be the controversial
question of power factor in
ham transmitter circuits. As
one reporter remarked after-
ward, ''Without a doubt, this
debate was the main attrac-
tion at the convention/*

There were staunch sup-
porters of the two main par*
tki pants in the discussion,

and it did not take long be-
fore sides were chosen. At the
outset, Ellery W. Stone from
the west and W. B, West
8AEZ were the antagonists in
this struggle for definition
and thoroughness of detail
for presentation of facts.

Said Mr. Stone: 'Tower
factor is unity in any ac
circuit in which inductive and
capacitivc reactances cancel/'

Said Mr. West (ignoring
inductance and capacitance):
**\ confine my views in the

matter to the relation of real
Watts to apparent Watts."

This confrontation went
on for hours, with other par-
ticipants joining, until all
agreed that it appeared that
the confusion lay in the defi-
nition of power factor. There

was no common under*
siBneing reached by the two
parties. So it was decided, on
the spot, to submit the ques-
tion to the radio section of
the Bureau of Standards,
Washington, D,C The state-
ment submitted to the
Bureau read as follows:

**For information of
National Convention of
ARRL, please wire our ex-
pense immediately: In a
freely oscillating radio circuit,
and in a forced oscillating
circuit tuned to resonance
with the impressed fre-
quency, if the inductive and
capacitive reactances are
equal in magnitude and op-
posite in sense, is the power
factor unity? One side con-
tends that, according to pres-
ent alternating current
theory, the power factor is
unity, and reactance are
equal and opposite. Other
side contends that resonance
is that condition in circuit

which causes power factor to
automatically assume that
degree necessary for the com-
plete dissipation of the power
applied to the circuit,"

Within hours after the tele-
gram was forwarded to the
Bureau, the reply came back
. . _ with the answer which, in
essence, left both sides very
much up in the air. Sup-
porters of both Mr, West and
Mr, Stone hailed the outcome
of the reply as complete vin-
dication of their respective
sides. Even a committee
thereupon appointed to
review the entire discussion
finally ended up by stating
that they are not reasoning
from the same premise. Most
of those in attendance finally
concluded by these vague de-
cisions that another subject
could be more productive and
down to earth and headed for
other meetings.

Of great interest to ama-

January. t920

QST

Q S t

January, l*"'

RADIO 9ZN

Bajto t£if, tk» tisfcififi «f Ibe Cculf*!
Di*ij(iirii HuAccr, !■ lMAt«d at ESSf
Shcridaa EpAd, CMcajio, tkl, on tfa« itron-
of Laka MkhigsiL

Hie ttaLbn eausists of m t;wo ipoui, one
■tory fmma bsildltig- iituntpd cnidwuy \m-
tweeti tho twa towers ■upporting th&
AUteimQ. Thu liufldini^, townfi and pliLne
of the nriiimnq ura in ft north-flnd-iouth
line, at n tlintance of 00 fdnt fram the
«dg? of tha take, He{iiiii¥e of thia l&cationn
tbe station U tiLear of pnictle»Uf ail high
bnJlduiKt And «bstraayi»iu In sU dInetloiUv

Tl» «fiM] b 91 fed h^, owr mR, tlk-
Urwvn bcbuf of' ateelt 50 f«el h%!i. ma^
Utiv maala btli)^ slio of ute^l, 4^ feet If
hviglsL Tbt to wen art ISO fevt Hp^Lit^
the tiEQ wfrei cfimpoaiii^ Ui« nntaziiu b^ai^
«p«eed c*iuiilly iR-lLtiiii thi» diiUn^o, in th's
Wifll-kaovTi vortical fun foihian. The
Aftrial wires are 7 itraitd No. SK tmntnl
rnpper wirOt tho top cable bpinB T fttraT't
No. IS phoafihor bronze, witii thret 10 i^
litcb Eiectrofl? triButfltors nt flacb omJ, THfl
lood« end wire attached t4 Ut# t«wir ifddij
of tba tasalat«n u« to pnrrldi downhft.^b

for the ciftblff tbootd i^ aerliil ^V9 way.

Tbe groond i^itraii of tbe sUtioa a
perbaps one «f tbc pfiDCtokl lauotit for
it» ■acE:eB& It i» co]Q|Hiti^d of tvo baaikft
oiwwmt on« eOMMfag of Zd wirei (No. 14
hmrn copper) e*eJi SO feet loiscif buried
ndiaiif from tb< stsUoat Bod tae otbvr
coiudsdti;^ of It wires (7 fttuui No. 22
coppBT^ each lIQ fa«t long* barj«d sbuLuv
}f. In additlnn, t^o "srircai, each 1D4 feet
loTif; &r^ submerged in ther liiktj and a
number of B fowt rods aTtB driven into the
irround About th«; ^tattoiL

Power I4 provEdt^d by a 4 K'W- tipecbU
liowcr line, iihoviTi in th9 illaetTBtioil:-
TiJiipb4D« ii alio prortdedr tlut iiaiab«r

Hf^'Bad rotuT gmp^ Th& touut gsp is
ei>Btatpcd wit^n a douMa wmlXed padded
bbiTp just bdhmd li« unary* puMl, un
wliJkb ar^ moiuittd ihe rmMatkok wmmwtWg
power TsrsatiojD iwitfli, p^wer amfAtt^
and maifi Ewitcfa^ the tearLiformer being-
dlrrctJj boivath the gap box, Tbe oQ
cunderLAer U Immcdrntdr to th^A right of
the> vwitebboudi and cootlct]. of 1200
wiuare itLehea of UnfoSI supkEiitAet by %
iijcb plotc glan ifjuniers^d in trmtuformer
oiL Thfl oKcillnU^n transformer U made
of 1" s lis" brasFi ribbon and Is nidunted as
nhown. Tha fuJI ti^otidenacr in mad for
the A2$ mtter wmv«, but odI? & part It
U»ed on 20 D me tent, the BinDunt belnff racb
tkalt only ono tiurn o£ inifiiiitaiue b ii5sd

Thu roctirtr consiits of a Chlettp> Radio
LjiboTjitory I^arag^n EA-ll abort wave re-
j^Dnf^rittlire rtfoivor and AmpHflgon type
AON-2 fiudlon eontrol and two stop ampll-
11 er. An A ad I a tt on tubo ia uaed for
detector, W««t«rQ ElQctrie VT-i'a or
Uarcoitl VTi being; used as unplifioiif-
With tidi rteelT«r are luad Baldirm Mlea
EHaptuagni beadpkiiiieeL Pr^cti^^r atl the
hmg dstmeie junat^m- stji-tioi» wra ikeard
n^ik tit« pliHfcs OB tbe tebli on arertfs
nlielite; BU7» nd u 2CS, £25, BAF. BAA^
RgfC« 90T« iBH, «tiL, Uinf e^netafly
hcBtd at dJMadacc* up to lOf feet tmm the
b«adplunMt<i Six Isazm^vd metar itstlcmi
irn beard slinl!u^« . At pMsent no lei ii

Efcivided for tofiffi^ w«tq Ifaan 000 metetfl,
ut tm undamped wave rwttlvtr Ja under
ccinstroctionp

Tbe tranfltnltter coTLsiste ^f n MBrconi
(United W.T.Co,,) opan core 1 K^-W, tranA- 1
former^ hnrlnsr a steoTidary Toltage of
30,000, with itn oil Iniinenod plate glais
condeoserf and a ChliUigo Eadio tiibOTstofy

In the priTHnry ofi thSs wqi?o.

Because of tbo high fundamental wave
Ipftffth of the aoriftl (300 nietcrB) all 200
motor tmnamiBaion and rec^pHcrn oiu done
through &€^ries fondenieTit the tiaTtamltttng
Hrf« eomdeni^r irofialrtli^ of ITS ftquara
tnehie of tin foil separated by % " plate

Slaaa iiiid ImEsened in oii Thle nnffesuer
located jiut abev« the loader, which 14
Xi3ed for 4f 5 and tfOO ttet^r vkvil

ThjB iadiBi30q on 200 mebm Ii 8%
ampsre^ and on 41B meten m 9 mmpttta^
the 4tfi hm^ mllj better itkatu wwald
appear fToin a direct colB|^a^i■01l of tbc$«
raadiiigfir beemiue of the ebmtsatioii of the
pvHea condentcr^ and alio becHOMi of the
irreater carrying aliility of thii wave.

th^ tQfi meter wave ta u&cd ordinarily,
with a shift to 42 E to avoid interfennce
OT to wdtJc ov^t RTonter than average' dtfl-
tancea. The antwcrinj; wave of this etntien
fa invariably ^00 meten, tmlotti otberwiee
apeeified by the caltlnsj station*

(GoiiuJtided OQ page 31)

teurs who were still pur*
chasing and installing spark
gap transmitters was the sub-
ject of broadband inter-
ference. It was contended
that spark gap unfts were
doomed to fade out of ham
stations, because the waves
they transmitted on the air
were not as sharp as a CW
wave. It is true that they
could be held better in recep-
tion and did not have ten-
dencies to jam each other,
like the CW signals did. Atso,
each spark on the band had
an individual characteristic
that identified it, and what
distances could be covered
{having 1000 Watts avail-
able)! The overall sensEtivity
and selectivity of circuits was
a hindrance. The CW signals
were difficult to tune and
hold. Wave shifting was
usually noticeable. Regenera-
tive receivers had short-
comings^ especially since they
were asked to be equally ef-
fective in bringing in CW,
ICW, and the broad spark
signals. Receivers lacked ade-
quate control to meet re-
quirements. Being regenera-
tive^ they radiated energy and
caused considerable interfer-
ence, especially in more con-
gested areas.

For most signal reception^
the oversized loose couplers
in station equipment were
still serving their major pur-
pose. Donr»estic and foreign
longwave stations were very
much on the air with news
broadcasts, weather reports,
time signals, and general infor-
mation. Many stations served
as sources of code signals for

RADIO STATION 9ZN, 5525 SHERIDAN ROAD.

ChicagojUL fci r^t. . / l^^.-?^..

Your signals heard here. , . A'>^ ::....:' Audibility ....W. -S\^| . . _ . .

Characteristics , . , . , Note. _ ,

^
^

•

Other informati
Equipment at
Transmit

Aeriai — ^1 0-wir:
Wave lengt
Hours- of opera

^ -a if*

ises : —
500 cycle
60 cycle,
CW ani

n-Am]
an, 90

375 mi

igli

inken pa
ynchrono
ophone se
n (2rste|f)
fL 1

itiyp

S01^

:'■*

&2N is the Central Division Distributing Station of the A, E. B, L* and will be
i very glad to handle any traffic you may have at any time. Please QSL.

QHK ? .

« # t > f^ w ^

****** t

Operator, 9ZN,

practice - NAA, 2,500
meters; POZ, 12,000 meters;
PL, 10,000 meters; and MUU,
14,000 meters, continued on
the air for years.

So loose couplers were in
constant use by amateurs
until, with the introduction
of the honeycomb-coil de-
sign, units which occupied far
less space but had equivalent
inductance gradually replaced
them. Amateurs also began to
convert to shorter and shorter
wavelengths with the move to
CW and the appfication of
available transmitting tubes*
Amateur station layouts be-
gan to take on new and re-
vitalized appearances. Power
supplies had to be designed
and built to accommodate
larger tubes for that new re-
quirement of **iuice'* for the
"bottles/* In turn, many new
receivers were being built
using variometers and vario-

couplers.

As IS the case each year,
with the coming of fall and
colder weather, radio condi-
tions improved^ static tapered
off, and interest in DX and
relay activities increased. So
the ARRL Board of Directors
decided that a determined
effort should be made to span
the Atlantic via amateur
radio. There had been an
earlier try, not organized,
that had failed. Undaunted,
plans were laid by the ARRL
traffic department an-
nouncing that all radio ama-
teurs should enter into a
series of transmitter tests.
Selections would be made to
find the best and most far-
reaching transmitters to
qualify for the proposed
undertaking. The following
form appeared in QSTj
September, 1921, page 12,
directed to all hams:

"Traffic Manager, ARRL,
1045 Main Street, Hartford
CT.: Please enter my station
as a transmitter in the Trans-
atlantic Sending Tests, Dec.
8th to 17th, I will be ready to
transmit in the preliminary
tests on Nov. 7th to 12th,
and if I fail to cover the
specified distance in the pre-
liminary tests, I shall rdirn
quish my rights to transmit in
the final tests. Name . . - Call
... St . , . City . , . State . . .
Power of transmitter . , . type
(CW or spark) ,., greatest
distance heard (give three
records) . , .*'

The stated goal was: **We
want the Atlantic Ocean
spanned on schedule by an
amateur station, and we want
definite proof that it has been
done." ■

To be continued

fro w page 16

videamateiir radio with growth and to
offer 9 reasonable a I tentative to CB
manufacturers to op&ning 3 Citizens
Band in the amateur 220 MHj band.
Now that history has eliminated the
n«ad for a Communicator lic^se^ mi\
we be able to stop the FCC?

EDITOR iAL BY WA YN£ G8E6N

HAM GEAR FOR HAMS
Somewhere around 300,000 ham
transceivers have crowed over into CB
hands so far . . . vifhere wiU it end?
The manufacturefs and importers of
ham r»gs estimate that about 75% or
more of the new rigs end up in CB

Sure^ the use of these tran^eivers

by CBers in their ''HF" band, those
diannels in the 27.5 to 28.0 MHz
band, is ille9al But, Jike the S5 mph
speed limrt the enforcement is so
slight thai most C8ers use the bend
with impunitv- On those frequencies^
up above the hurly-burlv of the
"bottom 40," side banders sit and
make skip contacts with eaie^ Their
ham transceivers and ham power
ampfifiers, aided by antenna installa^
tions which would make a dedicated
DXer fidgety with envy, §ive them a
very good taste of hainming.

Most of the^ chaps are much like
the rest of us, a fact attested to by the
large number of them who are getting
their ham tickets. Recent estimates
from a number of ham c\ub% indicate
that almost 90% of the people m ham

classy ara CBers. Mo^ ham classes
have a dropout rate of around 40%^
thoi^h this depends a kit on factors
stKih as the instructors, the code tapes
ysedj etc. The fact remains that very
few of the HFers are among the
dropouts. They seem to have a much
higher decree of determination to
succeeds The estimate is that at least
40% of the newly-licensed hams are
now comfng from the HF group.

When you figure how relatively
smell that group is. the number of
HFers getting ham licenses is most
remarkable. This a J so may explain
why we have so far had only minor
trauble with HFers bootfegging in the
ham bands. The redneck crowd hasn't

Continued on page 190

R. J. Edmunds WE2BJH
48 Lakeside Trsil
Kinnelon NJ 07405

Try BC B DX !

-- when you're tired of twenty

Many amateurs are
familiar with DXing
the foreign broadcast bands
in the short waves, frequentty
from having DXed ihem in
the process of aiming toward
their licenses. There is^ how-
ever, another area of DXing
which offers a far greater
challenge to the DXer, al-
though he can no more
**work" this DX than he can
the international broadcast
stations- This is the standard

AM broadcast band, from
525-1505 kilohertz.

The hobby of listening on
this band, Hke all other forms
of radio listening which can
be called DX, had its begin^
nrng^ with amateurs. Before
the advent of the commercial
broadcasters on AM with
which we are most familiar,
amateurs pioneered here, too*
Many of the oldest broadcast
stations are outgrowths of
amateur or other experi-

mental operations. The first
broadcast licenses were
issued, indeed, for experimen-
tation and development. Per-
haps one of the most familiar
of these is New York's
WQXR, 1 560 kHz, which was
formerly W2XR.

In the old days, there were
only a very few frequencies
being licensed, due to the
small numbers of stations and
low powers involved. The
present set of frequency alio-

The author's shack. Left to right - clock timer with power selection pane/; stereo tape
recorder; speaker, audio input/output distribution panel, 58-620 spectrum analyzer; variabie
bandpass audio filter and HQ-J 50^

cations came into existence in
1934, when the old Federal
Radio Commission became
the familiar Federal Com-
munications Commission.
Actual commercial broad-
casting, with commercial mes-
sages being broadcast as a
means of revenue, began in
1924 over station WEAF
(now WNBC) in New York,
which broadcast spots for a
Long Island realty company.

The amateur practices of
sending reception reports and
rK;eiving QSL cards are also
found in AM broadcast DX.
Many stations will verify re-
ceptions with QSL cards or
letters, although the practice
is by no means as prevalent as
it was in the 1920s and 30s,
DX nights were common
during that time, as most or
all domestic stations would
leave the air at local midnight
on certain days, leaving the
bands open for exotic inter-
national DX. Many old-time
BCB DXcrs were able to hear
and OSL stations in nearly
every country which had
them.

Today, however, with the
over four thousand stations in
the United States alone,
many boasting extended
schedules and higher powers,
such a feal is impossible. It is,
nonetheless, possible to log
more than one hundred
countries on the BCB.
Country-counting is different
from what it is on the ama-
teur bands, and there are no
DXpeditions to add to the
totals, with the result that
there are many fewer "BCB
countries** than there are
"ham countries."

But why should we DX
BCB under these conditions?

Perhaps the best answer is
because It's there. We could
well ask ourselves why we DX
any band at all, and the
answers would be somewhat
similar, BCB offers several
challenges to the DXer,
including hearing stations
which are not intended for
long distance^ international
listeners^ but rather for
domestic ones; the challenge
of beating the local QRM;

and the old familiar
countries, state capitals,
counties or whal-havc-you
lists. Another aspect of par*
ticufar importance to begin-
ners and youngsters is the low
cost and ready availability of
equipment.

Equipment

Alt it really takes to hear
BCB DX is a standard AM
radio of medium to ^od
quality, and, perhaps^ a hunk
of wire strung in the back-
yard. The best portable BCB
DX equipmeni consists of a
transistorized receiver, with a
toopstick inside for an an-
tenna, which reuils for under
$40.00 (the Radio Shack
Long Distance TRF).

Of course, the DXer will
likely wish to continuously
upgrade his equipment, but a
very fine setup can be
assembled for less than it
costs to equip a mull i band
ham shack with a good set of
equipment Communications
receivers from the surplus
market, including such makes
as Hammarlund, National,
HallicrafterSj Drake, or
Collins, among others, are
often ideal for BCB DX,
Many enthusiasts consider the
Hammarlund HQ-ISO to be
among the top receiverSj
while others opt for the
Collins R-390A/URR. Any
number of other receivers
manufactured by the above
companies, as well as mjliiary
surplus units and current-
production Radio Shack
models, are also quite suit-
able.

Antennas are generally a
home brew situation, with a
four-foot air core altazimuth
loop with FET if amplifier
being the ultimate of these.
This is perhaps the most pop-
ular antenna in use today,
although the old standby
longwire and tuner is still
quite prevalent. One conv
mercially available antenna,
developed by a DXer and
former corporate engineer, is
the Worcester Laboratories'
Space Magnet series. This an-
tenna is a ferriteKiored loop
with amplifier, available in
several models in the $50.00

range from Worcester Elec-
tronics Laboratories, Frank-
fort NY.

There are many otl>er vari*
ations of BCB loop antennas
available as construction pro-
jectSp commercially available
kits, or assembled units.
Many DXers experiment to
obtain new designs which
combine high directivity^ high
"Q"j and small space con-
sumption to suit their indi-
vidual needs.

Among the most popular
accessories are tape recorders,
external Q-multipliers, audio
filters, stereo headphones
wired for mono, and osciIIch
scopes or spectrum analyzers.
The latter are used primarily
for observing signal traces and
band scanning for additional
signals not immediately
audible, as well as for identi-
fying interference and fre-
quency measurement. Most
of these, liowever, are really
not necessary.

Getting Started

Any new hobby can be
confusing to the beginner,
and so it is with BCB DX.
There are, however, a number
of very useful publications to
be had. Many of these are
published by the two national
BCB DX clubs - the National
Radio Club, headquartered in
Louisville KY, and the Inter-
national Radio Club of
America, in San Francisco,
The two clubs were at one
time one, but, as is often the
case with amateur clubs, a
split occurred in 1964,
resulting in the two clubs,
Both cover the whole con-
tinent and primarily the same
segments of the hobby, al-
though there are some dif-
ferences in orientation. The
NRC features more publica-
tions and a larger member-
ship, as well as a somewhat
more technically-oriented
outtooL

Each of these clubs
publishes a regular bulletin,
which is weekly during the
winter DX season, and less
frequent during the summer.
The NRC publishes DX A/ews,
which has appeared
regularly since 1933. It also

publishes a domestic station
log, night directional antenna
pattern book, receiver and
antenna manuals, and a large
list of article repaints, I RCA
publishes a foreign log com-
piling all reported receptions
on an annual basis, as well as
a somewhat smaller list of
reprints. Both publish intro-
ductory booklets. A copy of
an explanatory publication
and a publication list may be
obtained from the NRC by
writing to: NRC Membership
Center, P,0. Box 118,
Poquonock CT 06064, A
sample bulletin may be had
for 50^, from the same
address. Information on the
I RCA may be obtained by
writing to Richard Segalas,
P.O. Box 26254, San
Francisco CA 94126, An-
other valuable publication is

the World Radio/ TV Hand-
book, already known to
many hams and SWLs-

Most newcomers to the
BCB hobby start out with
domestic DX {US. and
Canada) and very little
foreign DX. Even a casual
listener will be aware that
there are many stations
throughout the U.S. and
Canada which can be heard
on even the poorest of equip-
ment, and it naturally follows
that the better the equipment
and the more DX ex-
perience on the band, the
more and rarer the DX will
be. Much of the BCB DX
hobby depends on knowing
what to took for and when to
look for it For these reasons,
one cannot take the publica-
tions too tightly^ nor should
the aspect of preplanning be

The author's shack. Variable audio filter^ HQ-JSO, and part of
4 ' altazimuth FET loop. At the extreme top left is a simple
fixed tow pass audio filten Not shown are monchreel tape
recorder^ cassette recorder^ and Nordmende Galaxy Mesa 6000
portable receiver.

A 2' oltQitmuth hop antenna for use with or without external

rf ampfifiefj modified and built by the author from 4' antenna
design

ignored. Much time is wasted
by beginners, who have
passed the first plateau of
hearing all of the regular and
semi-feguSar sutions,bul have
not v^l learned that simply
sitting and waiting for DX
isn*t good enough after that
point

Propagation

The optimum time for
BGB DX listening h between
midnight and local sunrise,
when many stations are off
the ajr^ thus reducing inter-
ference and allowing DX sta-
tions through. In addition,
many daytime-only stations
test during this so-called "ex-
perimental period" and may,
thus, be heard at far greater
distances than they are
normally heard during their
regular broadcast schedules.
Monday mornings (Sunday
nights} generally yield the
most silent periods from full-
time stations and the most
tests from daytimcrs, and are,
therefore* the most worth-
while. Many stations conduct
regularly scheduled tests
during the experimental
period, and lists of many of
these are available from the
BCBDX clubs.

Many DXers^ however,
find that listening during
these hours conflicts with

their normal lifestyle, and so
such listening is confined to
rare occasions. In this event,
the DXer will want to
capitalize on the other opti-
mum period for BCB DX,
namely the period around
local sunset At this time,
propagation conditions are
changing due to the sunset,
and many daytime stations
are leaving the air for that
reason. These two factors
combine to allow for more
distant reception of these sta-
tions just before they do
leave the air, TTie FCC has set
out specified times for sign-
offs and sigin-ons of domestic
stations, which correspond
with their average monthly
sunset and sunrise- The re-
sulting pattern ts an east to
west sequence of sign -of fs,
thus allowing for stations to
sign off leaving stations
further west still on^ and so
on^ until a full-timer becomes
dominant. On some channels,
a DXer may listen and hear
one or two new stations
signing off in every fifteen-
minute sigrhoff period- Maps
detailing the zones of
monthly sign-offs (or in some
cases, antenna pattern
changes or power reductions
for full4ime stations), as well
as the reciprocal times for
sign-ons (and increases at sun-

rise), are also available
through the clubs.

Propagation of domestic
signals on BCB is generally
accomplished by either
^ound wave, which follows
the approximate line of sight,
or by sky wave, which is
reflected back to Earth in the
ionosphere. Sky wave can be
broken down into various
levels of skip. In the daytime,
the "D^* and '*E" layer:; of
the ionosphere effectively
prevent any significant long-
distance skip on the medium
waves. During the mid*winter
period^ receptions at dts*
tances of up to 1 000 miles via
ground wave are not un-
common, but, throughout the
rest of the year, the average is
much less.

At night, the "D" layer
disappears, and the "E*' layer
weakens significantly, thus
allowing many signals to
travel on to the **F" layer,
which really is composed of
two layers, known as Fl and
F2, During the daytime
hours, these layers separate
from each other to a greater
distance than they are at
night, but this fact is not
immediately relevant to our
discussion. Both "F*' layers
are capable, as is the "E'*
layer, under certain cir-
cumstances usually associated
with geomagnetic disturb-
ances known as "sporadic E,"
of reflecting signals back to
Earth. To be technically cor-
rect, the process is really
refraction, but the ultimate
effect is sufficiently similar to
reflection to be so called
here- In general, most of the
ionospheric reflection ob-
served at BCB frequencies
occurs in the F2 layer.

Normally, ground wave is
reliable at night, up to a
distance of approximately
125 miles. Sky wave is
generally the predominant
mode of propagation from
about 160 miles on up. The
area in between is an irregular
combination of the two, with
neither one dominant. It
should be noted that some
sky wave components will be
present, but masked, at the
lower distances^ and that the

reverse will be true at the
lower range of the higher
group of distances- A single
hop reflection from the F2
layer can propagate a signal
over a wide range of dis-
tances, up to nearly 2500
miles, depending upon the
angle of radiation. A given
transmitter will radiate at a
multitude of angles, thus
allowing it to reach the entire
range of distances prescribed
herein. Skyline blockage,
such as mountains or large
man-made structures, can pre-
vent transmission at certain
angles by blocking or
absorbing the signal at either
end of the path.

Long-distance (in excess of
2400 miles) propagation is
primarily by multihop paths
of F 2 reflections.
Occasionally^ it may be
possible for propagation by
multimode paths, or other
unusual modes, which are be-
yond the scope of this discus-
sion. Included among these is
reflection by nighttime spcn
radic E.

There are, however, other
factors which materially
affect BCB signal propap-
tion. The most significant of
these is that caused by
auroral disturbances of the
Earth's atmosphere. At such
times, excessive absorption of
sky wave signals by ionized
particles in the ionosphere
takes place and alters the
character of reception in
some areas. This alteration is
geographically dependent,
due to the nature of the
Earth's magnetic field. It is
most strongly noticed in ihc
northeast, due to that area's
proximity to the North Mag-
netic Pole. When this
happens, absorption occurs,
depending upon the severity
of the disturbance, on signals
arriving from the north,
northeast, and northwest In
severe disturbances, or at
higher latitudes, signals from
the near southerly directions
may also be absorbed.

This process leaves those
signals which are ground
wave, thus yielding signals
from stations at an inter*
mediaie distance arriving

solely by ground wave, as
well as those sky wave signals
arriving from such a distance
and/or direction as to escape

the absorptive layer. Thus,
signals from the souths semi-
local, and local signals will
predominate. It may be seen,

then, that the sertous DXer
on BCB will frequently be as
hampered by an aurora as
DXers at higher frequencies
are aided by it.

Planning and Recordkeeping
for the DXer

Perhaps the most impor-
tant part of BCB DXrng in-
volves planning the DX ses*
sions. As noted earlier, there
comes a time when simply
turning on the receiver and
aimlessly looking about for
new stations becomes non-
productive, Ai this point, the
DXer should set about com-
piling realistic targel station
lists for each time btock he
plans lo listen. Factors to be
taken into account are inter-
ference, distance, s^son, and
even month. The first two
factors are obvious, but the
tatter two can use some ex-
planation. In BCB DX, winter
tends to be the primary time
to listen, due to the shorter
period the atmosphere is ex-
posed to sunlight, thus
allowing a lesser period of
ionization to occur. Likewise,
a case has been made for
better propagation due to
cold weather. Antenna radia-
tion patterns ^re altered
somewhat by a covering of
snow around the antennas,
and large fronts of snowy
weather can often affect
i ntermediate-range propaga*
tion by sky wave.

The month of the year is a
direct factor in the sunrise
and sunset times already dis-
cussed. Use of the maps of
these times for domestic sta-
tions, as well as maps
depicting actual sunrise and
sunset times worldwide, can
aid in planning the DX ses-
sion by allowing you to deter*
mine when the signal path is
in darkness, which predicts
good propagation, or partly
in sunlight, which does not.
The domestic maps also allow

the DXer to determine which
stations lie closest to the
borderline between one sign*
off (or sign-on) block and
another At sunset, those sta-
tions closest to the previous
block will be more likely to
be heard than those closer to
the following block, again
due to the relative degree of
darkness on the path. At sun-
rise, the reverse is true for
sign-on DX. Even this differ-
ence of five or ten minutes in
actual sunset or sunrise times
among stations signing on or
off simultaneously can make
a significant difference.

Recordkeeping is a major
part of planning, and it is also
a part of "saving" your DX,
Records of monthly sunrise-
sunset maps for the most
productive domestic fre-
quencies may be reused year
after year, as can lists of
target stations. Identifying a
station with marginal audio
may require not only a
knowledge of the rudiments,
such as call letters, location,
and network affiliation, but
also a knowledge of program-
ming type, special or local
networks, telephone area
codes, postal zip codes, sports
programming, and program
syndications. All of these can
be used to shed light on the
identity of a station for
which you can pin down
neither the call letters nor the
location.

As noted at the outset,
many DXers write for QSL
cards, or "verifications of
reception/' This requires
maintaining a log of what is
heard, with an emphasis on
items of local nature, ad-
vertisements, personalities,
and phone numbers. This
may be done via logging
sheets for the long term, and
by tape recordings, in order
to put the data down on the
logging sheets accurately.
Tape recordings also allow
you to play back partially*
readable IDs or tentative IDs
for analysis and ultimate
identification. Many DXers
maintain "ID tapes" which
contain the station IDs re-
corded from DX sessions and
rerecorded onto the master

Location

Los Angeles

Nashville

Nevy York

Chicago

San Francisco

Montreal

Cincinnati

Chicago

Toronto

Atlanta

Detroit

New York

Chicago

Schenectady, NY

Fort Worth

Minneapolis

Loutss/ille

Oenver

Toronto

New Orleans

New York

Chicago

Pittsborgh

Des Moines

Los Angeies

Cleveland

St, Louts

Salt Lake City

Rochester, NY

San Antonfo, TX

Philadelphia

Tabie I. Clear channel stations. All of the above stations
broadcast on channels designated as **cfear'' channels by North
American Radio Broadcasting Association agreements. All
broadcast with 50^000 Watts and nondirectional antennas on a
full-time basis.

kHz

Call

640

KFI

6S0

WSM

660

WNBC

670

WMAQ

680

KNBR

690

CBF

700

WLW

720

WGN

740

CSL

750

WSB

760

WJR

770

WABC

780

WBBM

810

WGY

820

WBAP

830

WCCO

840

WHAS

S50

KOA

aeo

CJBC

870

WWL

880

WCBS

890

WLS

1020

KDKA

1040

WHO

1070

KNX

1100

WWWE

1120

KMOX

1160

KSL

1180

WHAM

1200

WOAI

1210

WCAU

tapes. This creates a semi-
permanent record of the indi-
vidual's DX catches and pro-
vides a proof of reception as
well, although not in the
same way as verifications.

What Can You Expect to
Hear?

The beginning DXer mighi
best start by trying to log as
many stations on each
channel as he can by day and
by evening before settling
down into the "DX prime
time." This will weed out the
regular stations from the non-
regular and will give the DXer
a familiarity with the band,
so thai he need not waste
time trying to ID an un-
needed station. Following
that, one might try to hear all
of the 50,000 Wati, class 1 A
"clear channel" stations, altsl
of which is shown in Table 1 .

If foreign DX is more to
the DXer's liking, or domestic
DX has become boring, the
beginner's goals should be
toward Latin America
initially, and ultimatelVp de-
pending upon his geo-
graphical location, to trans-

atlantic or transpacifrc DX.
Here, the World Radio/ TV
Handbook is a must, in order
to set up target stations, as
well as to assist in identifying
what is heard. Due to the
fluid nature of many of these
Latin American stations, as
well as some differences
caused by the listener's loca-
tion, no list of widely heard
stations will be presented.
Such information, as well as
information on transatlantic
or transpacific DX, can best
be obtained by joining one of
the aforementioned BCB DX
clubs.

By this time, you have
either gotten Interested in the
concept of BCB DXing, or
not* If you havu, the best
advice is to start out with
some fairly easy targets, and
to contact one or both of the
two clubs mentioned. If you
feel that you require still
more information, again, you
should contact one of the
clubs, either for their descrip-
tive material or to purchase a
copy of their beginners* pub-
lications. In the meantime,
good DX! ■

E, Doren Vi/A6THG/KH6
58 Manaoiana PlacB
Hilo HI 96720

Build An Engine Analyzer

use your scope

(

If you are anything like
me, you hate to pay some-
one dse to do something you
can do yourself, and that's

the way it is with me and my
automobile. It has occurred
to me that I constantly find
myself involved with elec*
tronics. Yet here I am, a
self-professed expert, and I
have no way of taking on the
complexities of the common
Kettering automobile ignition
system. Or do I?

Recently, my daughter,
Marie, gave me a beautiful
automotive liming light. It's a
real peach, with an extremely
bright flash, and operates
from the car battery system,
*'Hey neat - , , just what I
always wanted," and, with
that, 1 ran out to the trusty,
rusty Pinto and eagerly
hooked up the light to the
four-banger gas burner-

The instructions say to
hook the red and black wires

on the light to the positive

and negative terminals of the
car battery and then clamp
the induction pickup around
the number one spark plug
wire. Elementary, so far. With
the engine running, and being
careful to watch that those
dangling wires don't drop
into the spinning fan blades, I
gently squeeze the trigger on
the gun and watch the light
spring to life* I love gadgets,
and this one had all the ele-

Photo A. This photo shows how the vertical input to the scope is coupled to the high tension
lead from the distributor to the coiL Notice that it is only clipped to the insulation and does
not maf^e direct connection to the wire.

ments of being some real fun.

Now, I have fiddled
around some with automotive
problems and knew that the
timing marks are found on
the side of the front pulley*
All that has to be done is to
rub some chalk into those
marks, so you can see them
easily, and, with the timing
li^t aimed at the spinning
pulley, press the trigger and
watch the strobing action, as
the number one cylinder fires
the timing light.

Somewhere back in my
mind, I recalled that I had
overlooked a few small
details. Let's see . . , yes, the
books did tell me that the
vacuum advance line to the
distributor must be pulled
and plugged (I used a 6/32
bolt from the funk box), but
wait, what's this? ...
'Timing must be adjusted
with the engine running at
manufacturer's specified rpm.
If necessary, use a tachometer
to set idle rpm."

Weil, I don't have a
tachometer. The first thought
that went through my mind
was to run out and buy one,
but that didn't settle well
with me. But 1 needed to
figure how many revolutions
per minute that little Pinto
engine was turning over, and
with a fair degree of accu-
racy.

We've all seen the modern,
automotive electronics shops,
with their big engine analyzer
scopes aJl nicely calibrated,
but who among us is going to
rush out and buy one of
those? What I do have is a
pretty fair B and K model
1461, 10 MHz, triggered
oscilloscopep with eighteen
calibrated sweep ranges. It
seemed to me that that
should workj somehow.

The problem was inter-
esting and one that took my
thinking through many
phases. I began by thinking in
terms of how the combustinn
engine works- It takes a fuel/
air mixture into the cylinder
on a downstroke, compresses
it on the upstroke, where it
begins burning the mixture
by sparking the plug some-
where before top dead center.

The resultant explosion gives
us the power downstroke.
Finally, the cylinder on the
last upstroke exhausts the
by-products of burning. Our
problem is to fire the plug at
just the correct time on the
first upstroke before top
dead center and do this
timing with the engine run-
ning at a specified number of
revolutions per minute. The
timing light flashing on the
timing marks will show us the
answer to the first problem,
but that rpm problem must
still be figured out. Remem-
ber^ that cylinder fires only
once for every two engine
revolutions.

What we must do is get a
good, stationary display of all
cylinders firing on our scope,
so we can measure the dura-
tion of all cylinder firings in
time. With an externally
triggered scope, this is a
dngh. Take a clip lead and
loosely couple it around the
number one spark plug wire. I
just use an ordinary ctrp lead
with an alligator clip on one
end. Clipping this around the
plug wire gives me plenty of
induced pulses to easily
trigger the scope (see Photo
A). Switching to external
trigger, the scope will now
make, one sweep^ from ieft to
right across the tube, for
every firing of that number
one cylinder, Then^ by
coupling the vertical input of
the scope to the high tension
lead coming out of the center
of the distributor in the same
manner (see Photo B), your
display will show the firings
of all cylinders in exactly the
sequence they actually are
firing. In the case of the
Pinto^ it will be, first, number
one cylinder, followed by
three, four, and finally, num-
ber two. It's a simple matter
to immediately see if all plugs
are firing, and also to see the
relative amplitude of the
spark voltage to each
cylinder. The vertical gain
control, along with the
vertical positioning control,
can be used to bring the
voltage peaks of all firings
onto the scope face. Just
remember, we are only look-

ing at induced voltage
through the insulation of the
spark plug wire. We have not
connected our scope directly
to any bare wire, as the plug
wires can carry well over
10,000 Volts of ac. In some
cases, it may help to put a
2200 Ohm resistor and .05
capacitor across the input of
your scope, to dampen out
much of the high frequency
information we are not inter-
ested in. Some experimenta-
tion is called for with the
exact values. Nothing is very
critical In this department.

Years ago, I learned a
remarkable thing that turned
out to be a gem of knowledge,
and, after having spoken to
other people in electronics,
was very surprised to learn
how few understood this fact.
Very simply stated: 'Time in
seconds is the reciprocal of
frequency in Hertz, and fre-
quency in Hertz is the
reciprocal of time in
seconds." Those of you who
knew all along can smile, but
those of you who didn*t
should read and reread that
until you understand its exact
meaning, because, with this
little nugget of knowledge,
many mysteries of the oscil-
loscope become child's play.

Remember, we want to
measure engine revolutions in
time — specifically, revolu-
tions per minute. Because^ as
stated above, frequency in
Hertz is the reciprocal of time
in seconds. All we must do is
measure, with the scope, the
time for all cylinders to fire,
take the reciprocal of this
time in seconds to get
frequency in Hertz, and then
multiply by 120^ thereby
getting revolutions per
minute. {Remember, thj^-t
cylinder fires once every
other revolution; therefore
we must multiply by 120
rather than 60.)

If we look at a calibrated
sweep oscilloscope, we see
that sweep time is usually
measured in milliseconds or
microseconds per division on
the graticule over the face of
the tube. All we must do is
count the number of
divisions, generally centi-

SCOPE

GN1TI0N
SWITCH

-=- BATTERY

Fig. h

meters, multiply by the
indicated number of milli-
seconds or microseconds per
division of the sweep time
scale of the scope, and take
the reciprocal to find fre-
quency. At this point, a small
calculator is an immense help,
unless you like to do long
division with a penciL

As an example, suppose
we have connected our scope
up as shown in Fig. 1 , and we
are driving a four-banger. Our
sweep time is set for 5 milli-

seconds per centimeter. As
seen in Photo C, the time
between firings is 6.6 centi-
meters. Multiplying this by
our sweep time of 5 milli-
seconds per centimeter, we
find that time between firings
ts 33 milliseconds, or 132
milliseconds for four cylin-
ders. Taking the reciprocal of
1 3 2 m i 1 1 iseconds and
multiplying by 120 reveals
our engine revolutions to be
909 revolutions per minute.
For those of you who hate

Photo B. This shows the method of obtaining the external
trigger pulse from the number one cylinder. Notice that the
wire is only loosely coupled around the plug wire and does not
make direct connection.

Time for all cylinder

Engine rpm

firings irt milli&econds

400

300 ms

450

266 ms

500

240 ms

550

218 ms

600

200 ms

650

185 ms

700

171 ms

750

160 ms

800

150 ms

8&0

141 ms

900

1 33 ms

950

126 ms

1000

120 ms

1(B0

115 ms

1100

109 ms

1150

104 ms

1200

100 ms

Fig. 2,

Photo C With the sweep time of the scope set to 5 ms per
centimeter^ we see the time duration between two firings to be
33 milliseconds. This represent is 909 rpm on a fa ur<y Under
engine.

this kind of math, refer to
Fig, 2, where I have figured
out ail firing times and con-
verted them to rpm for you.
Although the scope could
have been set up for a display
of all four cylinder firings, 1
personally feel a little more
accuracy is possible by using
an expanded sweep and
measuring the time for one
cylinder firing, rather than by

mutti plying by the total
number of cylinders. There
probably isn't much differ*
ence, so it will boil down to
what each individual feels
most comfortable witK

To set the curb idte speed
of your car, it is always best
to refer to the manufacturer's
specs, either in the owner's
manual or in a local library,
in a good automotive manual.

I like Chilton's Motor Manual
myself, and find it very com-
plete- Generally, it's a matter
of adjusting the correct screw
on the carburetor. Curb idte
speeds will vary, and the
specs may call out different
rpm for such cases as cars
equipped with or without air
conditioning, etc. Once the
idle speed has been properly
set, the timing can be ad-
justed with the fight This
involves loosening the lock
nut under the distributor and
gently turning the distributor,
while watching the timing

Photo D. Overall test setup used to determine the rpm of the Pinto, The ground connection of
the scope is made to the bumper.

marks on the front pulley in
the strobing flash of the
timing light, Timing will also
increase or decrease the
engine rpm, so you may fmd
yourself going back and
tweaking the curb idle adjust
again.

A word of caution is called
for here. Adjustment of
engine timing and curb idle
speed will affect the
emissions of your car. Go
slowly the first time, consult
your manuals^ and set your
car up by the book. Don't
forget to reconnect the
vacuum line back onto the
distributor when you are
finished.

It is beyond the scope or
intent of this article to go
completely into electronic
engine analysis and tune-up
procedures. Others before me
have done this with more
success. All I have attempted
is to introduce to you the
elements of using commonly
available test equipment,
rather than buying specialized
equipment. I have found that,
with a basic singlc^trace, trig-
gered scope, using calibrated
sweep and a good VOM,
almost any problem in the
ham shack or shop can be
solved with a little thinking
and some understanding.

At today's prices for auto-
motive analysis and tune-up,
it won*t take long before my
simple equipment will pay for
itself. Even if it doesn't, the
satisfactions of doing it your-
self, saving, and learning in
the process, are the real long-
term payoffs. ■

SCR 1000

state ot the Art in VHF FM Repeaters

•now
220llimxl

Optional Cabinet
$130.00

QuaKty Speaks
For Itself I

. The quality of the audio is
unbe/ieyab/0 — b true r^foduction
of tfw input it reBtty does sound fike
simplex. The receiver sensitivity of
our Spectrum system is at feast twice
the Motorola system we had in ser-
vice. We have 24 Watts out of our
Sinclair Dupiexen We aff have fallen
in love with your machine . . . Again,
thank you for an excellent piece of
equipment. We are certainly glad tha t
we purchased a Spectrum WOO
Repeater/'

Jim Wood W3WJK

Trustee WR3AHE

Butler County Amateur

FM Assoc,
Mars PA 16046

^The Model SCRtOO Receiver has
proven to be a fine unit We have had
ft in operation for nearly a year and
it has been entirely troublefree. ^'

H. Townserrd

Stone Harbor Amateur

Radio Klub (SHARK)

Cape May NJ

'We are quite pissed with the opera-
tion of the repeater and are very
proud of it Thanks for producing
such a fine product"

D.Totel W9NJM

Wheaton Commur^ity

Radio Amateurs, Inc.

Chicago area

^'During the first part of the year I
bought B repeater from your firm
and I thought you might be inter-
ested to know it is working out Just
fine. You have a product that more
than meets the specifications you
claim , . , In the receiver you have a
winner, the intermod is negligible , . *
We have many other repeaters both
amateur and commercial in the area
and a$ of yet no problem . , . In
closing, I would like to thank you for
producing a product that does what
is expected of it In dits world one
seldom gets what he pays for; I feel
our group has bought and received
our moneys worth/'

Jim Todd WASHTT
DaUasTX

The SCR1000 — simply the finest repeater available on the amateur market . . . and often comparaJ to "commercial"
units selling for 3-4 times the price! This is a 30Wt* unit, with a very sensitive & selective receiver. Included is a buitt-in
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provided are jacks for emergency power, remote control, autopatch, etc.

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The Spec Comm Repeater System ... a sound investment . . , available only by direct factory order. $950.00 Amateur
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COR/Timer/Control Board, IDIOO IDer - inquire. (See previous ads in 73.)

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SPECTRUM COMMUNICA TIONS

1055 W. German town Pk., Norristown PA 19401 (215) 631 1710

■ formerly of Worcester PA ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Bill Hosking W7JSW
S626 E. Clarendon
Scottsdale AZ SS2S1

More Repeater
Control Devices

-- control unit/audio interface

Over the period of the
last two or three years, I
have designed, built, and
installed a fairly complex
control system for a system
of five repeaters. Three of
those repeaters are local or
co-located with the primary
control system, while two are
remote, located from 20 to

50 miles from the primary
site. Since the system is now
fairly well finalized, I decided
to publish it. None of what ts
to follow was consciously
copied from any other
source, but, with a project of
this magnitude, there are
bound to be some out there
who can say, "Hey, that's my

PRIMARY OB LOCAL SITE

TELE^HDME

F-UBLIC PHCME UME3

LEftSe FROM PHONE

COUPLER

HELAT

AUOO

CONTB
STST£J«

CONTROL

ON/OFF

CONTROL

jumio

XMTR

1PTT
AkJO

kJOlO

^D'E»

AUKlLfAAlf
FUNC'^'CMS

rf tiitic

IIEWDTI SrTE

Ktnu

■ O'ER

AUQIQ

cowm

CONTHdiL

ON/OTF

UPTB

Fig. L Control system block diagram. Entry is via public
telephone using a Ma Belt coupler. The control system then
either controls the local repeaterfs) directly or activate a link
transmitter to relay control tones to a remote site.

circuit." To them I offer my
apologies.

The total repeater control
system is shown in block
diagram form in Fig. 1. All
primary control functions are
carried out via tone codes on
public telephone lines. There
is a control phone termina-
tion with a Ma Btrll coupler
on it. The coupler answers
the line and connects the
audio into the control
system. It also hangs up the
phone after a certain period
of tima After the control
phone number fs dialed, a
two digit control sequence is
sent with touch tones"'' ^ /The
present equipment at the
phone site has the capability
of about 30 functions, but
that can be changed to fit
system needs.

In order to control the
remote sites through the same
system, one of the local con-
trol codes wtif turn on a 450
link transmitter and couple
the telephone audio to the
transmit ler. Activating that
code also inhibits all of the

other functions at the local
site while the remote is being
functioned. Each of the
remote sites has its own
complete decoder system and
its own set of control codes.
The sites have a 450 receiver
coupled into the control
system. Under our present
system, each of the remote
Sites has the capability of
about 15 different functions,
but here again ^ that is ex-
pandable to fit different corv
ditions-

In addition to the control
functions at each site, each
has an audio interface board
for the control decoder and
an identifier. The identifier is
a CMOS version of my
original identifier circuit
which appeared in the
September, 1976, issue of 73.
As of this writing, the audio
interface board design is not
completed. I expect to com-
plete the design in the near
future. The basic theory and
block diagram will be
included later in this article.

The entire repeater control
system is built around a two
digit function code. The use
of two digits was the end
result of much discussion
about various code lengths. It
was decided that the added
number of functions available
or the added security afford-
ed by more than two digits
were not really worth the
increase in logic complexity
or cost.

The system started out
entirety in TTL for economic
reasons. The control at the
local site was the first built
and is still TTL, but the
remote site equipment is
CMOS and any expansion to
the system will use CMOS.
Only the CMOS circuitry will
be discussed in this article.

Basic Control Function

The basic control function
is shown in block form in Fig.
2. It consists of a tone de-
coder/clock generator and a
function ctecoder. The way
the system is laid out, each
function decoder provides
one primary function and up
to four auxiliary functions.
The way it works is that each

function decoder module
accepts a unique primary
digit (i,e.j a 1) and then a
second digit (i.e.^ 2) to com-
plete a given function. The
primary function has separate
two digit ON and OFF codes
having the same first digit
(le,, 1-2 ON, 1-3 OFF). The
auxiliary functions all have
separate ON codes, but all
share a cdrilmdh OFF code
(i,e., 14, 1-5, 1-6, etc, ON,
1-0 alt OFF). It is possible to
wire the function board to
provide more than one
primary function^ but t didn't
do it that way because it used
up more of the available
codes. Also, although it is
feasible with this scheme, I
steered clear of repeating
digit coding such as 1 -1 ,

Notice, also, that I show
the digit going to the func-
tion decoder modute(s). The
^ is a master reset which
shuts off all functions at a
site simultaneously. The # is
used as a reset function for
the initial logic states simply
to eliminate possible func-
tioning of an Lindesired code
if doing two in sequence. For
example, a sequence of 1-2
-# would turn on a function
and then reset the initial
stages of the decode logic. An
automatic reset function is
also provided which performs
the same function about 10
seconds after the last tone is
sent. The # and automatic
reset are ORed on the de-
coder module, and both
appear on the reset line.

Due to the many different
control requirements and the
low drive capability of CMOS
circuits, I also provided an
interface module which can
provide either relay or transis-
tor outputs or both.

Audio Interface Module

The as yet unfinished
audio interface module is
shown in block diagram form
in Fig, 3. The module will
provide the wide range age
action which Is so vital to
proper 567 tone decoder
operation plus high group/
low group tone filtering,
which, while not strictly a
necessity, will provide for

more stable, false-free de-
coding. At the present time, I
do have age amplifiers on all
of the decoders, but [ am
unhappy with the sensitivity
of the circuit to the parts
used. I (hopefully) will have a
new design done in the near
future. Also, since I'm not
happy with the present cir-
cuit, I haven't designed a
printed circuit board as yet.

Tone Decoder Module

The tone decoder module
consists of a set of 567 tone
decoders^ a clock generator,
and a reset jgenerator. The
basic 567 tone decoder cir-
cuit is almost right out of the
Signetics Data Book^ with
only a couple of component
values changed. The block
diagram of the module is
shown in Fig. 4, and the
complete schematic in Fig, 5,
NE567 tone decoders have
been discussed by me [73 ,
April, 1976) and many other
authors^ so I will forego any
detailed circuit description in
this article- It should be
remembered, however, that
the 567 output goes low with
the tone present and that the
NOR gates on the outputs are
actually functioning as AND
gates.

A look at Figs. 4 and 5
will show some circuitry not
included in most decoder
circuitry, but which is most
necessary to allow sequential
decoding* Those circuits are a
clock generator and a reset
generator. Gate U11 forms a
circuit which will provide an
output whenever any column
tone is present The output of
this circuit is used to drive
the clock and reset pulse gen-
erators.

As you look at the clock
and reset circuits, you may
well ask, '*Why the gates
instead of monostable multi-
vibrators (74121, 74123,
14528)?" Well, the TTL
version I mentioned earlier
uses 74121s, and they gave
me fits with false and double
triggering. The CMOS version
wasn't readily available to
me*

While experimenting one
night, I stumbled on the cir-

AUy. FUNCTION©

RCVR
OR
PHONE

RESET

AUDIO

TO ADDITIONAL
MODULES

OTHEfi
REPEflTERS

Ff'g, 2 Baste control decoder block diagram. The numbers in
the blocks are separate modules (J: audio Interface; 2: tone
decoder; 3: function decoder; 4: Interface). The outputs of the
tone decoder module are TTL logic levels. There Is one output
for each digit plus * and #, fn addition, there are clock and
reset pulse generator outputs. These outputs drive the function
decoder module(s). The function decoder outputs^ via appro-
priate interface module (s)^ control the repeaterfs) and aux-
iliary function(s). The Identifier module is a separate^ indepen-
dent module requiring audio and PTT to the repeater.

AUDIO ^^

INPUT '^

INPUT
LEVEL

■)h

l20&-l477:Ht

■DECODER
COLUMN rNPUTS

"){

697-941 rt?

ROW tWPUTS

Fig. 3, A udio Interface block diagram. Incoming audio passes
through an age amplifier which provides a constant output for
inputs varying from about 50 mV to over 1 volt rms. The
audio Is then filtered into high and low tone group ranges for
input to the tone decoder module.

LOW efiOU-P

E\=>- )h

IMfUT

697,

7 70

65 Z

i_ 941

HIGH GftOUP

mpiij

1209

1^36

1477

[>
E
C
Q
(3
E
R

I
R

■e
I

T
R

r ^^1

L7402J

-f — 15

^4'

^6'

'7'

'3'

]©

'*^

te"

-CZZlio

< — 111

CLOCK/
RESET

GENERATOR

CLOCK

RESET

+ t2V

REG

22a

-P-+I5V

EDGE CONNECTOR
PINS

t.&i >

■GROUND

Fig, 4. Tone decoder module block diagram. The basic decoder
consists of seven 567 decoder ICs and three 7402 gate
packages providing logic outputs for digits 0-9, * and #.
Additionally y the module contains clock and reset generator
circuitry. This circuitry provides a clock pulse output every
time a digit Is decoded and a reset pulse 7-10 seconds after the
last digit is decoded.

4liDlO \Z>

(A)

^EM^

UIO

ca — f

^\ —

R»

'g.

^a'

r>.

C3^
I?) ^

RZ ■
R4

PL>"-

'fi-

'0'

/©;

STROBE

i^^'t

(C)

^R5

r3I>

FieSET

Fig, 5, Tone decoder schematic diagram, a) Individual 567
decoder; the remaining six are identical, b) Digit decoder
connections* ICs U8, U9, and UIO are 7402 quad NOR gates,
c) Clock and reset generator, UJ / and UJ2 are CMOS gates
4025 and 4001 ^ respectively.

Guit of Fig. 6, and it worked
so simply and reliably that
I replaced all my monos tables
in the CMOS designs with the
gate circuit It works in a very
simple manner. When the in-
put goes high, it charges the
capacitor C to the supply
voltage. Then, when the input
goes back low^ the capacitor
has no place to discharge
Except through the resistor or
through the input of the
CMOS gate. Therefore^ the
output of gate Ul is a pulse
whose duration is determined
by the time constant RC,

As a matter of routine on
this and all the other mod-
ules, I provided LED indica-
tors on each digit output plus
the reset and clock pulses. By
this time, LEDs had gotten so
reasonable in price that I put
one on every control signal^
which could be useful in
determining proper circuit
operation. The LEDs are
driven by high gain transistor
switches such as IVJPS6521s.

Function Decoder Module
A schematic of the func-

tion decoder module is shown
in Fig. 7. Since each user
would have different coding
and different modules within
a given system configuration,
I have indicated the digits
simply as D1, D2, etc.

The basic function de-
coder building block \% the D*
type flip-flop. This type flip-
flop changes its Q output to
agree with the D input upon
application of a clock pulse.
If the output was already in
the same state as the D input,
no change will take place in
the output.

The D input of IC Ul A is
wired directly to the desired
master digit (as explained
earlier) for that function
board, Then^ if that digit is
high (a logical 1) when a
clock pulse comes along, the
Q output of IC U1A will go
high and remain high.

The high output of U1A
then simultaneously enables
all of the second digit g^tes
{U8 and U9). The other input
of gate use is wired to the
primary function ON digit.

Fig, 6. Basic CMOS pulse
generator. This circuit can be
implemented with gates or
with buffers. The one shown
IS a 4071 gate.

Now^ assuming the master
digit was sent and the ON digit
is now sent, the output of U8
will go high and place a high
on the D input of Ul B while
awaiting a clock pulse. When
the clock pulse arrives, It will
set the output of UIB high^
thus turning on the desired
function via flip-flop U2. The
same clock pulse will simuL
taneousiy reset the first or
master flip-flop since its D
input was low during the
clock pulse. About seven
seconds after the last digit, a
reset pulse will come along
and reset UIB to a low state.
This will not affect the out-
put state.

Flip-flops U2, U3, U4, U5,
and U6 are wired as set-reset
flip-flops and^ wired as such,
provide a latching function.
This function could also have
been provided with cross-con-
nected NOR or NAND ptes
as desired. When the high
from the output of Ul B is
applied to the SET input of
U2B^ its output goes high, in
turn energizing a function via
the interface module. The
reset input of U2B is ORed
with the master reset (*) and
the output of U2A which
responds to the unique two
digit OFF code. As a result^
the function is turned off
either by a two digit code or
by a master reset.

The remaining auxiliary
functions all activate in the
same manner as the primary
function and with the same
first digit. The difference is in
the OFF function. All of the
auxiliary latch stage's resets
are tied together and go to
the output of UIO A. They
are also ORed with the
master reset (*) input. With
this arrangement there is one
two digit code which resets
all auxiliary functions at the
same time, and they are also

Function

Primary
Aujciliary 1
Auxiliary 2
Auxiliary 3
Auxjflary 4

Table A
coding.

6-4
6-5
67

OFF

6-2
6-0
6-0
6-0
6-0

Typical function

reset with the master reset In
ail of the cases that I have
built so far, I have used X-0
(X is the primary digit) as the
auxiliary function OFF code.
To make the picture a little
bit more clear, refer to Table
1 , which shows typical codes
for a single function decoder
module.

The user could alter this
scheme to add more separate
OFF codes, but it would be
at the expense of total
number of functions. For
example, the F3 ON code
could be wired to reset the
second function instead of
the common reset line.

In most cases where I have
to bring a signal such as the
clock onto a board and drive
several devices, I have used a
gate to buffer the signal be-
fore using it on the module.
Also, to be on the safe side, I
added buffers to each furic-
tion output for more drive to
the interface module. I also,
as mentioned earlier, put an
LED and driver on the output
of each function. This proves
to be an invaluable aid to
both checkout and normal
use. As with all the boards in
this system, t provided an
on-card regulator. Also,
although not shown on the
schematics, I put .01 uF
capacitors directly across the
supply pins of each device.

Interface Module

It is necessary to provide
an interface between the
somewhat fragile CMOS out-
puts and the real world of
repeater controls. The circuit
to be controlled might range
from a Darlington transistor,
requiring only microamps to
operate, to a large power
relay, requiring tens or
hundreds of milliamps and
(most probably] capable of
producing a targe reverse volt-
age spike on release. Addi-
tionally, the output might

require a switch to ground, or
it miglit require dry (floating)
relay contacts.

To tal<e care of tfiese
diverse requirements, I have
used two standard interface
circuits, one transistor and
one relay. The schematics are
shown in Fig, 8. The tran-
sistors used are power
Darlingtons requiring little
drive and capable of sinking
six Amps. I provided a reverse
diode to clamp out any re-
verse spikes which might
appear on the line from
con trolling an inductive
device, in the case of the
transistor outputs, they are
switching to ground, and I
used common phone jacks for
control outputs* I mounted
the jacks on a small metal
panel on the front of the
circuit card.

The relay output uses 12
volt PC card mount relays
having contacts rated at least
to 2 Amps, The relays are
driven by a high gain tran-
sistor such as the MPS6521 or
equivalent I used a small
barrier strip to bring out the
relay contacts to the front
edge of the module. If
multiple relay contacts are
desired from one module^
they will have to be brought
out to the rear edge connec-
tor.

Identifier

The identifier module is an
offshoot of my original TTL
design which appeared in the
September, 1976, issue of 73,
The main drawback of the
TTL version was the current
consumption — almost one
Amp.

The second problem was
complexity. Most of the com-
plexity was a result of an
attempt to automatically
identify about three minutes
after the identifier was origi-
nally keyed, without restart-
ing the timing circuitry.

1 did some research into
the memories I was using and
found that I could drive the
address inputs with the out-
put of a CMOS device with-
out destroying the device.
With that in mind, I rede-
signed the identifier using

CMOS devices for the count-
ers and data selectors, but
retaining the TTL memory
and 555/556-type clock. The
revised circuit with ail the
reidentify circuitry removed
is shown in Fig. 9. The pro-
gramming for the memory is
shown in Table 2. The basic
IDer function is the same as
described in my earlier
article, so I won*t go into
much detail here.

Briefly, operation is as
follows. One half of the 556
functions as a clock which is
turned on and off by the
action of the start-stop flip-
flop made up of U4A and
U4B. The output of the clock
drives counter U2^ which
sequences data selector U3
through each of the eight
memory outputs, advances
the word address by one, and
then repeats the output
scanning operation. This
sequence is repeated until
256 bits are decoded. If
different length IDs, are
desired, a gate could be in-
stalled to decode the outputs
of the counter at the desired
stopping point.

Construction

I built all of my present
system on 4V2 by GYi general
purpose circuit cards with 44-
pin edge connectors. The
cards then go in a standard
rack for logic cards. This type
of construction makes for
easy changes and lots of
versatility.

As 1 mentioned earlier, I
put metal brackets on the
front edge of the cards, with
jacks and controls installed

4 UJ-UrO UN 0 JUMPERS

GNP-

Fi'g, Z Function decoder module schematic diagram, U1-U7
are 4013 CMOS dual D type flip-flops, U8 and U9 are 4071
AND gates, U JO Is a 4081 OR gate, and Ull fs 'a 4050 hex
buffer. The circles on the schematic represent locations for
on-board jumpers* The jumpers are for function coding.

on the brackets.

At the time of this writing,
I have started printed circuit
layouts on two of the system
boards, and I expect to have
some of the modules available
by the time the article gets
into print. For information
on availability and pricing
write to CONTACT Electron-

ic Research and Develop-
ment, 35 W. Fairmont Dr,
TempeAZ 85281.

Interconnection and
operation of a set of modules
as a system is greatly aided by
use of a logic card rack of
some kind. I tried to make
the PC cards' connections
such that wiring of the logic

Table 2. Programming sample for the CMOS Identifier. Shown Is the pro-am for DE WR7AHB
where an X indicates a "J" programmed in a bit position. The blanks In the first address
provide start-up time for the identifier and transmitter.

R/C

567

Frequency

697

770

852

941

1209

1336

1477

Table 3. Table of tone de-
coder settings. Attach your

frequency counter to pin 5 of
the 567s to read the fre-
quency,

rack wouldn't be too
difficulL To make power
busing easy, I made ihe
connections on both sides of
the board serve the same
purpose. Terminals 1 and A
arc GROUND, white terminals

22 and Z are +12 V. The
decoder outputs are on pins 2
through 13, and the clock
and reset are on pins B and C
respectively • These connec-
tions are then paralleled
down a series of connectors*
Unless multiple relay con-
tacts are desired, the only
other connections on the
back of the rack are a small
termifial strip for power
supply connection and a fuse
block. I also added a 2000 uF
capacitor across the supply
input lo the rack since the
actual power source was some
distance away.

Setup and Alignment

The first stage of system

wjEnoo

O-

^4/

r^^aot

■^

/T?

^t*

(8)

4 >r¥i ^

rP^ — ^

f-T J2M440I

■o

Fig. 8. Interface module sche-
matics, a) Transistor switch.
The transistor used should be
a high gain one. In my case^ I
used M/ El 100s. b) Relay
output circuit. The relay
driver must be a fairly high
gain transistor. I normally use
an MPS6521 for this type of
application. The relays are PC
mount with at least 2 Amp
contacts. The module pro-
vides ihe option of using
either 5 or 12 volt relays by
either instafling or bypassing
a five volt regulator*

setup consists of deciding on
the digit coding desired and
then wiring the appropriate
gates on each function de-
coder module. The PROM for
the identifier must be pro-
grammed for the desired call-
sipi- I have presented pro-
gramming information in
other articles, as have others^
so I won*t repeat it here.

Alignment is necessary on
the audio and tone decoder
modules. The age amplifier
input/output levels must be
properly adjusted and the
tone decoder frequencies
must be set.

Age alignment is easy, but
requires a source of audio and
an audio frequency volt-
meter. First, set the audio
input to the age circuit to the
maximum expected input
voltage and connect the audio
voltmeter to the output.
Adjust the output of the age
for a convenient reading and
start increasing the Input level
control. Increase the control
until the output no longer
increases. Now adjust the age
output level for the desired
input to the decoder {about
1 50 mV rms). Now^ you
should be able to decrease the
input from the audio source
by at least one order of

magnitude without the out-
put varying*

Adjustment of the tone
decoders consists of setting
each 567 to its proper
frequency. To be done
properly, this requires a
frequency counter, but it can
be done with a tone pad-
Power up the tone decoder
moduiei put your counter on
pfn 5 of Ul, and adjust the
pot for a frequency of 697
Hz. In a similar manner, ad-
just the remaining decoders
for their proper frequency, I
have shown the IC numbers
and frequencies in tabular
form in Table 3.

Now connect the audio
module and the tone decoder
module together either in the
logic f^ck or on the work-
bench. Here an extender
board (also available from
CONTACT) Is a great help.
Hook a touchione generator
to the audio input of the
audio module and apply
power to the system. Start
depressing the digits on the
pad. As each digit is
activated, its proper LED on
the lone decoder module
should light, the clock LED
should flash once, and, about
5-7 seconds later, the reset
LED should flash.

If all of the above has

progressed to a satisfactory
conclusioni you are ready to
plug in a function decoder
module and continue testing.
Once everything is connected
together, sending the correct
ON digits should cause the
LED for that function to
light, and the OFF digit
should cause it to turn off*

Interface module checkout
is simply a matter of seeing if
the proper transistor or relay
is activated when the correct
function code is sent, and the
proper LED on the function
board is illuminated. Identi-
fier module checkout requires
either an audio amplifier or
connection lo your trans-
mitter and a method of
monitoring the transmitter
audio. I have provided an
identifier test button in the
design. Every time this is
pressed, the IDer will send
the programmed identifica-
tion and should keep the
transmitter keyed through
the keying transistor. The
only adjustments that have to
be made are the ID speed,
pitch, and timeout delay.

Conclusion

A typical system configur-
ation would consist of the
following modules: audio,
tone decoder, function

+ 6VDC

5TJtBT

Ml - A-fcPtms FOSf 748116 it VCttSCOS

Fig, 9. G^OS identifier module schematic. The circuit is the same as my earlier article, but now
in CMOS and without the automatic re identify feature. Ml is an 8223 programmable read only
memory. If more than one message or a longer one is desired , a 74186 memory could be used

with appropriate wiring changes.

decoder (2), interface (2)^
and identifier. Addition of a
COR/timer module such as
Isid out in my afticle in the
January, 1977, issue of 73
would make a complete
repeater control system.

I have inad very good luck
v^/ith this system. The only
problems I have encountered
were mostly my own fault.
Don't use ceramic-type capac-
itors for the tone determining
capacitors on the tone
decoder module, I found out
the hard way that they drift
badly with temperature. 1 had
sorne initial trouble with
clock timing when I first
went to CMOS on the func-
tion decoders, but the delay I
mentioned earlier appears to
have solved that problem. I
gdt completely wiped out on
a remote site once by light-
ning causing a surge on the
power line and wiping out a
lot of devices. I have since
added various kinds of light-
ning protection on all of the
sites, but I don't really know
if it will be effective.

Use of this system requires
a method of sending tone
signals down the phone line
after the line is connected at
the receiving end. In some
instances we have controlled
our repeaters with an acousti-
cally-coupled tone encoder,
but it was not completely
satisfactory. A touch tone
phone is the key, but there is
even a problem there. In
many exchanges, Ma Bell
reverses the phone line
polarity when the answering
connection is made^ and this
shuts off the tone pad in your
phone so you can*t send
tones down the line. The
answer to this problem is a
little gadget the phone
company will install on your
phone called **polarity
guard." There is no charge for
the gadget itself as far as 1
know, but naturally it will
cost you a service charge to
have the thing installed-

Again J ! am trying to make
a complete system of module
circuit boards available, but it
is a slow process. If you are

interested, write to CON-
TACT as mentioned earlier If
you decide to put one of
these systems together and

have any trouble, please feel
free to contact me. The only
thing 1 ask is that you include
an SASE. ■

Parts List

Tone Dacodei'

U1-U7
US, 9, 10
U11
Ut2

NE567
7402
7410
4001
-7805

7
7
7

2.2 uF/15 V electrolytic

4.7iiF/15 V

J uF mylar

4.7k y* W

6.Sk y^ W

10k pot

Function Decoder

U1-U7

4013

ua, U9

4081

U10

4071

U11

4050

5
5
5

MPS6521 orequiy.
LED

100k y4W
.22 uF

Interface Boards

One of the following per contro fed circuit:

MJE1100

2M4401

1N4001

2.2k 'A W

12 volt relay

Identifier

555 timer

1 - MJE1100

- 500 % W

4040

2-\k'A\N

- 100k pot

4512

10 -6.8k 74 W

— 5k pot

4001

1 -2.7k V4W

-.01 uF

555

1 - ISk^/i W

-,22uF

S223/S2S23

1 - 180 y^w

- A uF

Nei^ Products

from page 25

amateur. It was called the FIVI-21,
originally marketed as a six-channel
radio that had twelve-channel expan-
dability and the rather novel feature
of requiring but one crystal per chan^
neE, The FM-21 has since given way to
a "kissin 'country -cousin" of the two
meter MK-3, the 220 MHz FIVl-76.
Other than coverage and power out-
put, the two radios appear to be
twins. 1 can personally vouch for the
FM-76, since one is mounted in my
car and is In use daily. For better than
six months, it has performed without
3 flavi/, and, due to my life-style, I
really Qtve any mobile installation a
real workout.

The FJVl-76 has something else
going for it. As most of you are aware,
the selection of 220 MHz amateur
equipment is still quite limited; and if
you are going to build a repeater, you
have but two choices. Either you
build it from scratch or you start with
a good radio and build from there.
(Nobody has a tally, but there are
many successful 220 MHi repeaters
out there that got started as an
FM-76, I know of at least or^e re-
mote-base using an FM-76 as a 220
downlink as well. Repeater and re-
mote-base service take a lot from any
radio, and in that department, the

FM-76 seems to excel.

There is more to this story, though,
than radios. Very important is what
does an amateur do when his radio
decides to do things it's not supposed
to do? Fact is, not every amateur is an
rf or digital expert. When a radio
decides to "go west/' wtiere do you
turn? If you ar^ lucky enough to own
a Clegg radio, you simply mail it back
(or drive ouer if you are not too far
away) to Clegg Communicattons, and,
in a few days, it's back in your hands
working properly. In fact, when we
drove out to Lancaster to do this
story, we took with us Lou Belsky
K2VIVlR's FJV1'27B. Three days later,
Lou had his radio back in his car and
on the air. This includes the time it
spent Qoing UPS back to Queens NY.
Clegg believes that product support
after sale is important and strives to
supply the best in the shortest pos-
sible time. No matter where you live,
if you have a way of getting your
radio to Ciegg, Clegg will make It play,
doing so at a price that won't bank-
rupt you,

Clegg sells only '"factory direct,"
and this has been the key to holding
the price to where we, the amateur
consumer, can afford bis goodies. His
current facility in Lancaster is well
stocked for quick delivery and good,
fast after-sale product support and

service. Also available are accessories
such as power supplies for base station
use, antennas, and many other items
we amateurs need. Soon, possibly
before you read this, Ed hopes to be
moving into even larger quarters that
will enable him to expand his ability
to meet our needs.

By listening to his peers in the
amateur community, by looking
ahead and being willing to "take a
chance/' by having something avail-
able for every VHF-interested amateur
in every price range, Edward T. Clegg
has become almost a legend in his own
time. He's a ham who cares about
amateur radio, an active amateur who
keeps in tune with the needs that we
have and endeavors to filt them. More
over, as 1 can personally attest^ he is a

human being who cares a lot about his
fellow man. Those of you who know
him, know of what i ^eak; those who
have never met Ed have missed some^
thing special. \ sincerely hope that one
of these days you have the chance I
have had.

Ed Clegg pioneered VHF at a time
when such was not realty fashionable;
he was there when it started and is
still here today- There are many of us
who hope that the "Man and his
Radios" wilt be here for many years
to come. Yes, I'm sold on Clegg
equipment. Why not? Tve owned a lot
of it over the years and never once
have 1 been dissatisfied. And I know
many others who fee! the same way.

Bill Pasternak WA6ITF
NewhalICA

Ham Help

I need information and a schematic
on converting the Motorola T43A
series of VHF transceivers. Keep up
the good work on a fine magazine.

Billy L. Nielsen W64APC

Rt. 2, Box 253E

Radcliff KY 40160

Help I To get on ON, I need a
schematic and alignment info on a
Gonset G-76 AM-CW transceiver.

Don Patterson WA1 FXK/2

Box 123. 773 RADS

Montauk AFSNY 11954

Do you know of any persons or
clubs that are into classroom instruc-
tions in my area? I would like to get
some help and get my license.

Medardo Cruz

491 1 Ave. I

Brooklyn NY 11234

I wonder if any of your readers can
tell me where I might purchase DC4
silicone grease?

Neil Johnson W20LU
74 Pine Tree Lane
Tappan IMY 10983

Alexander Mac Lean WA2SUT/NNmZVB
IS Indian Spring Trail
Denville NJ 07834

How Do You Use ICs?

-- part VIII

Recently I was asked to
try to unscramble a
little circuit that appeared in
another magazine/

I didn't have all the parts
needed to make the circuit,
but I was able to come up
with some suggestions for the
correspondent, and immedi*
ateiy sent for the materials to
build the circuit — just to
make sure-
It struck me that this
simple little circuit is a gc?od
demonstration of circuit
function and analysis.

The circuit is an LED
blinky circuit. All it does is
turn two LEDs on and off
alternately at a slow rate that
can be seen by the eye. How-
ever^ within that simple oper-
ation is the ability to show
the operation of digital cir-
cuitry visually,

M a secondary benefit,
you finally get to sit down
and build a real live IC pro-
ject, although perhaps it^s not
the most spectacular.

Let's take it from the

/fr

beginning, the circuit analysis
leading to the fault in the
original circuit.

Fig. 1 is the circuit as it
originally appeared.^ You can
read the circuit the way it is
drawn — it is simple enough
— but it will be easier if the
circuit is redrawn so that the
IC sections are shown indi-
vidually.

This is shown in Fig. 2.
The circuit uses the SN7400
ICj which has been described
in a previous part of this
series.

This is a four section IC.
The redrawn circuit shows
that two sectfons are not even
in the circuit. They are
grounded out.

That's one way to simplify
a circuit. Now, for the prob-
lem. When the circuit was
built as it was shown, it did
not work. This was because
the circuit is not correct It is
a simple defect, but iet*s go
over the circuit dpsely.

The basic technical de-
scription in the original

f f f t

) SN7400

50^^:^:::

HF^*

470oi

4700'

.ED

INO MORE
THAfJ 6V)

X)led

^20n|

120.^

article described the circuit as
a multivibrator* This is a
switching oscillator. The
LEDs show this operation
visually. Obviously, if you
build the circuit and the
lights don't blink, it means
the circuit doesn*t work. The
object in this case is to make
the lights blink. That's why
you buitt it in the first place.

However^ the lights
blinking is the result of cir-
cuit operation. We have
eliminated two sections of
the IC which are not even
part of the circuit - let's cut
out a bit more.

The blinky part of the IC
circuit is the two remaining
I C sections and the LEDs, We
can see that the LEDs don't
blink; what we want to know
is why.

The circuit can be further
divided into three main func-
tions, any one of which could
cause the malfunction.

In order to work properly,
the circuit must get the cor-
rect voltage, the oscillator
circuit must function, and the
LED indicating circuit must
function.

-^ SO>*.F

/77

No work, no blinky. Now
comes the easy part. You
have to start troubleshooting.
How do you go about it?

The voltage to an IC cir-
cuit is easy to check. In an
unkriown circuit, the first
thing to check is the pin
connections. If the Vcc and
the ground pin are correctly
drawn and wired, then you
measure the source voltage.

If the voltage to the device
terminals is within the correct
rangej you can eliminate it as
a possible cause in a simple
circuit like this, There are
circuits where pulses on the
voltage bus can cause mind-
boggling troubles, but they
won't cut off a simple circuft

That leaves two elements.
The oscillator supplies the
signal that lights the LEDs,
but the only function the
LEDs have is as indicators.
They are not part of the
oscillator circuit.

In this circuit the voltage
is correct, so we are left with
two possible troubles, Either
the LED indicator circuitry is
not correct, or the oscillator
is not correct.

There is not much choicej
really. The first thing you
have to know is if the oscil-
lator is working. Then you
can worry about the LEDs,

Now then, if the LEDs
aren't going to tell you if the
circuit works, what is? Let*s
look at the circuit again to
see exactly what we are
playing with.

The oscillator circuit has
been redrawn in Fig. 3 with-
out the extra section and the
LEDs, We are left with the
basic multivibrator*

This we have seen before.
In the article dealing with the
crystal oscillators^ it was
pointed out that they were
actually not an oscillator at

45-Gv

A
it

IIMiDi

/77

Fig, 7. Original blinky schematic (incorrect).

Fig. 2. Fig. J redrawn (still I neon eel).

all, but a form of IC multi-
vibraior circuit whose fre-
quency of operation was
determined by the crystal.

This circuit is an old
friend. If you remember the
basic configuration of the
other circuits, the problem
with this one should stand
out from the page as you
look at it now.

You have three basic fault
choices. The IC could be
defective, the parts values
could be wrong or they could
be defective^ or the circuit
could be wrong.

One of the first things that
comes to mind when looking
at an IC multivibrator is that
normally both sections are
symmetricaL Does that look
symmetrical to you? That
was the trouble. The circuit
was incorrect It didn't work,
but how do you test it?

You test it with another
indicating device. The thing
to keep in mind is what it is
indicating. A digital IC is a
switch. It's on or it's off. In
this case, it is supposed to be
on and off consecutively.

As this is an oscillator, it
must have a frequency. The
frequency determines the test
equipment to show its opera-
tion.

Here we have an awkward
situation. It is supposed to
flip-flop slowly enough for
your eye to see the blinks.
This might be a bit fast for a
meter and a bit slow for a
scope to really show the
waveform.

When I built the test cir-
cuit (Fig. 4), I changed the
values of the circuit con-
stants. I used 2200 Ohm resis-
tors and OJ uF capacitors.
This raised the frequency
high enough for the scope to
really show the waveform-

vcc

:^ &Oi(F

Fig^ 3. Simp/ if led circuit (Fig.

Once the circuit was
hooked up right, it took off
the first time. Then other
values were tried while it was
on the scope.

It also worked with 0.01
uF caps in the circuit. This
raised the frequency even
higher. Now, the baste mutti-
vibrator is a symmetrical cir*
cuit. Electronically, both
pulses are identical in shape
and duration. It is possible to
vary that to an extent.

Just to see what it looked
like, one of the capacitors
was made 0*1 uF and the
other was made 0.01 uF, This
resulted in a nonsymmetrical
waveshape. One of the pulses
was most definitely a dif-
ferent width than the other

There is a limit to how far
you can bend the circuit be-
fore it stops working, but if
you have a scope, try a few
different combinations to see
what it looks like once you
get the basic circuit working.

These values result in a
switching circuit which is
great for a scope but far too
fast to see visually. To get
back to the original idea,
much larger values are used to
get a lower frequency.

It is the combination of
the resistor and the capacitor
in each teg of the circuit
which determines the fre-
quency. Within reasonable
limits, there is a wide range of
combinations that can be
used.

The original article sug-
gested that no higher than
4700 Ohms be used, because
it would affect the bias too
much. 2200 Ohms was the
highest on hand, and the 50
uF capacitors called for gave
a frequency that blinked too
fast. The LEDs looked like
they were on continuously.
The 100 uF caps slowed it
down so that the blinking
showed fairly clearly.

Now then, without the
LEDs, how do you tell if the
circuit works? First of all, it
showed on the scope, but
instead of seeing the familiar
square wave, you got the
trace being deflected at a
slow rate.

What if you don't have a

scope? That's simple, too.
Stay with the switch action.
There is a dc voltage at the
output of each IC section of
the multivibrator. Here the
trick is making the meter
show tt.

In this case, you don't
want a fast frequency, so
start with the slow speed con-
stants. If you have to sub-
stitute, you may come up
with an inconveniently high
frequency, but you stfll want
to know if the circuit works.

If you do have a nice low
frequency, you can prove cir-
cuit operation with the dc
scale of your VOM or VTVM.
The meter may riot read cor-
rectly, but you will see the
needle fluctuate up and down
as the circuit switches on and
off.

If you can get that, you
know the circuit works. Make
this test carefully. The needle
may not follow the variations
well, and if the frequency is
too high, it wilt just quiver. It
still tells you the circuit
works> but it's really not too
good for the meter — so keep
an eye on it and get off fast.

If you can actually see a
back and forth meter pulse
rather than a fast quiver, it is
a good indication that you
have a nice blinking rate.

Of course, this would be
the ideal situation in which to
use a logic probe if you
happen to have one. It will
tell you immediately if the
circuit is switching, and you
won't have to fuss about fre-
quency at first.

When the circuit works,
you can add the indicator. In
the original circuit, the LEDs
went between the output and

the Vcc pin. That's a bit
redundant. You only need
one source to light the LED_
That way, it was relying on
reverse biasing to turn the
LED on and off.

When the test circuit was
made, the LED was put be-
tween the IC stage output
and ground. Thus, it was
switched on when the IC sec*
tion was in its high or **on"
state.

Schematic symbols are
nice, but if you really want to
know which way is up on the
LED, take one and its resistor
and connect it between the
Vcc pin and circuit ground. If
it lights, you're OK; if not,
reverse the diode. If it still
doesn't light, it may be
defective — try another LED.

Don*t forget those resis-
tors. As with the LED read-
outs, they are current-limiting
resistors and |ust as necessary
to prevent damage to the
single LED. The value isn't
too critical. ISO Ohms would
be the smallest you would
want to use; I prefer 220 or
higher. If you want to be
fancy, measure the actual cur-
rent drawn to get the value
you want.

Don't forget what you
have here. The IC multi-
vibrator is the operative part
of the circuit* The LEDs
merely indicate the operation
visually.

The circuit constants are
chosen to have a speed of
operation that the eye can
follow. It should be slow
enough that you can easily
see each LED go on and off
alternately. When one looks
on, the other should look off.
At the least, it should show

vcc

♦»VDC

^(^

OI-IOO,iF* *

T-^h

2^00

220

ii4

2200

230

"^i

Fig. 4. Correct multivibrator configuration test circuit. ^CI,
C2: bath of same value. **Optiona/ LED Jaw speed indicators.

Fig. 5. Basic binary display circuit

an alternating action, blinking
back and forth.

There is another, most
interesting, way of looking at
what we have here. This little
blinky circuit is showing us
the high and low state of each
section of the working part of
the IC,

Since that is at I that a
digital IC is supposed to do —
switch between two states -
we can see all that it does
right before our eyes.

To carry this a little
further, if the speed of the
switching operation Is set at a
speed that the eye is capable
of foi lowing, much of the
electronic operation of any
digital circuit can be pre-
sented visually.

Even with a more complex
circuit, it permits a visual
understanding of the actual
workings of a digital circuit
that would be unobtainable
easily by any other means.

This opens up a rather
wide range of circuit possi-
bilities that can be used to
further your own under-
standing of circuit operation
or as a teaching aid to demon-
strate IC basics to others.

For example, the !C multi-
vibrator circuit is quite
common in ham projects> It is
the basic iC oscillator. The
choice of circuitry determines
its function, such as crystal or
audio or whatever. The basic
circuit is much the same,
apart from frequency.

Probably the next most
important digital functions
are frequency dividing/
counting and circuit
switching (gating).

One W the hottest ham
projects going is the fre-
quency counter. These IC

functions are the main meat
of the I C counter.

Fig. 5 shows a beginning
application of the test
demonstrator. Starting with
our original blinky^ which
should be slow enough to see,
we add an SN7490 decade
counter IC. This is the basic
counter circuit hooked up to
show the counting action by

displaying the outputs.

The second IC is hooked
up to show its binary out-
puts. This is the whole key to
the ICs ability to provide a
coded output that can be
translated into numbers.

This should be slow
enough that the viewer can
actually see the binary num-
bers in lights, and watch the
combinations change visually
with each pulse. With the
explanation of the binary
number system and perhaps a
chart, a viewer will soon get a
feel for the numbers as they
change.

There you have two basic
IC functions: the initial
switching action and the
counting action.

There are a few other
points about this circuit. It
may still be a bit fast when
you are watching the binary
numbers blink.

It is not hard to get a feel
for them, but if you are using
this circuit for demonstration
purposes^ yqu might consider
putting in another 7490 IC
stage between the multi-
vibrator and the LED display.
That will slow it down so that
it can easily be followed.

You can have both 7490s
set up with LEDs to give a
fast/slow display. There are a
lot of possible options, de-
pending upon what you want

to show.

One other thing should be
mentioned. These ICs are neg-
ative edge triggered. It can be
confusing at first to see that
when the LED lights up at
the input to the 7490, noth-
ing happens. It doesn^t pulse
until the LED goes out on the
negative part of the pulse.

Your eye will get used to
it in a while, particularly if
you understand or explain
the circuit timing and what
the pulses are doing.

Fig, 6 is a chart of how the
LEDs will display the binary
coded numbers. It takes only
a short while to master it^ and
then it should be easy to
^Yead^' it.

Remember that it reads
from right to left, each
position adding to the next.
There are four positions used,
corresponding to 8, 4, 2, and
1. The lit positions are added
together to get the total,
which is the number that is
counted.

Now you see what a handy
little gadget the decoder/
driver IC really is. It does all
the work of translating the
binary data to a form that
can be displayed as an im-
mediately recognizable num-
ber by the LED readout IC.
So far we can flip-flop and
we can count. We can also
time. Many operations in IC
equipment involve the ability
to switch or pulse a circuit at
a specific point in the se-
quence.

It is a timing pulse in the
counter that gates the count-
ing circuit This is what
changes it from an event
counter to a frequency
counter - the ability to tie
the count to a known time
period.

This is usually no more
than an IC gate or two. The
hard part is knowing where
and when to do it.

We are c-oncerned with
two specific problemis.; the
timing of the pulse and the
polarity. Both of these can be
demonstrated with the ad-
dition of a few more 7400
g;ate sections.

You can use the unused
sections of the biinky IC, but

a * } 1

a 0 o t> 0

\ 6 ^. U

2 I? 0 * O

:3 !!> o • •
4 o • a o

o uMur

• LIT

5 O

g i;? * * a

7 o • ft/li'

@ * o Q a

^ ■ & o •

Fig. 6. Binary cfiart.

I found it easier to use a
separate IC on another part
of the IC board where it was
less crowded.

Fig. 7 shows the basic
takeoff circuit from one of
the binary outputs. This Is
also the basic IC inverter cir-
cuit, so let's go into a little
more detail about what's hap-
pening here.

The 7490 is being keyed
by a negative pulse. This
means that its input LED (at
the blinky) is out of phase
with the actual putse action.

If you watch the other
LED of the blinky IC circuit,
it will be pulsing with the
correct phase for the circuit.
When it is on, it is high,
which means that the other
IC half is low and pulsing the
7490.

For this hookup, the take-
off was from the 1 binary
output at pin 12. Now watch
the relationships between the
LEDs as they blink.

The blinky circuit LED to
watch is the one that is not
the input LED to the 7490.
This, in effect, is the visual
indication of the pulse that
keys the 7490,

Notice that the blinky
LED pulses twice for every
blink of the LED at pin 12 of
the counter IC. In effect, that
part of the counter is acting
as a divide-by-two circuit.

Now notice the pin 12
LED in relation to the indi-
cator LED of the 7400 sec-
tion fed by pin 12. They are
out of phase. When one is on,

the other is off.

Fig. 8 shows the addition
of another 7400 IC section to
reverse the phase of the first
section. Now the LED at pin
12 and the indicator LED are
in phase and blinking to-

gether.

The easiest way to demorr-
strate a timing pufse con-
trofling a circuit is to use the
7490 counter*s own reset cir-
cuit.

Fig. 9 shows a test circuit
for this. Notice that the basic
change is the connection of
the 7400 switch sections to
the reset pin of the 7490.
Also, the switch is connected
to the binary eight output
and will reset the circuit to
zero when the count reaches
eight.

For correct counting
action, at least one of the
7490's zero reset pins must
be at low logic. To interrupt
the counting sequence, it is
only necessary to pulse the
reset pin(s) to high logic.

As the pulse count changes
firom seven to the next pulse,
it produces a high output at
the binary eigjit pin. This
same pulse appears at the
reset pin of the counter IC

When this happens, the
counter automatically dis-
plays the binary zero output
code: all outputs low. This
happens so quickly that there
is no visual binary eight out-
put. The count goes from
binary seven to binary zero,
and picks up with binary one
on the next count

Thus, in effect, the eighth
count is zero, which is dis-
played instead of an eight
output code.

The counter reset can be
hooked up to other binary
outputs besides the eight. The
four output will give you a
visual count of one, two,
three, and zero. The same
principle holds for the two
output

While this is a simple con-
cept to apply, there are a few
pitfalls- In a counter circuit
the reset action is usually
keyed to the gating pulse.
This is to keep them working
in harmony.

You want the signal gate
open for the correct lime
period for the count, and you
want the reset action to take
place when the gate is closed
and be completed before the
gate is open for the next
count

Otherwise, you might have
the situation where the gate is
open and a reset pulse
appears during the count.

This means that the circuit
will reset itself during the
actual count, which will give
you an inaccurate count.
Things like this are why digi-
tal designers spend so much
time making graphs and
charts of circuit timing - to
find these glitches on paper
before they have to try and
find them in their equipment
It may seem odd to see
that the output for the next
counter stage is taken from
the D output^ which is the
binary eight output

This will take a little ex-
plaining. The problem is how
to get a ten pulse out of an
eight output

The answer is to follow
the actual outputs and how
they affect the next stage. To
do this we will pick up the
count at the end of the sev-
enth count.

Up to the end of the
seventh count, there has been
a low output at the binary
eight output and at the input
to the next stage which is fed
by that output.

As the next negative pulse
hits the first counter stage, it
causes a high output at the
binary eight output and at
the input to the next counter
stage.

This does nothing to the
next stage. The counter is
negative edge triggered* A
high output means nothing to
it yet, except to prepare it for
the next negative pulse.

At the end of the eight
count J^^he binary ei^t out*
put of the first fC remains
high. This is important. It
stays on the whole cycle.

The ninth count adds a
high output at the binary one
output and does nothing to
the eight output, which is still
on. All this while, there has
been no change to the next
IC stage.

At the tenth count ^H of
the binary outputs go to low
(which is the binary for zero).
At that point l^be low logic is
also fed to the next stage.
Since this stage is looking

)

S«)7490

BUM

1/4

/400

\lZ20

LtT

LED

£20

UilLITO

LED

Fig, 7, Inverted output indicator or switch section.

SM7490

I A

l,»T.

220

L^P

7400 J^ 1^ 7400 P

■i

£2€

LIT* ^fc L

Fig, 8. Non-inperted output indicator or switch.

14 SLINIcr INPUT

t_ r^QQjP \ [7400^^^^'

Fig. ft Non*inverting switch used to reset counter (at 8 count).

for a low logic inputs it reg-
isters its first count of one.
7Tius> even though the output
of the binary eight output
only registers as eight, i1^
logic results in the needed
pulse at ten for the next stage
to begin counting.

There is one obvious thing
about this test circuit. Since
the output pulse and the
pulse from the IC train which
resets the counter are the
same phase, the logical ques-
tion would be, "Why not use
the pulse from the IC itself to
reset, instead of adding
another circuit?**

In this circuit, you can do
just that. It works just as
well. The circuit counts to
seven, and on the eighth pulse
resets to zero and begins the
counting sequence again.

However, that would not
show the IC used as a switch.

In many circuits you will not
have the option of letting the
IC switch itself. You will
need separate switching ac-
tion that can be controlled as
you need it

It is probable that there

are many other circuits that
can be coupled to LED
indicators for a visual demon-
stration of circuit operation,
but you will have to be care-
ful.

Not all IC outputs will
drive an LED, and you may
cause damage trying. I shot a
handful of 7490s trying to
couple to the divide-by- two,
-five and -ten hookup. They
stili work as counters, but not
as dividers.

You may also have prob-
lems because of the phase of
the TTL logic (most of which
appears to be negative edge
triggered). That means that
the LEDs may not be on
when you want them.

Stilt, for a few dollars
worth of parts, there are a
variety of iC operations
which can help you become
familiar with digital IC opera-
tion through hands-on
practice. ■

Rsferences

1. Thanks to Ralph A. Schlegel
ex9HR, eX'^W2ICX, 10 Grand-
view Ave., Pawling NY 12564,

2 , Etec tfoaics Hobbyist, Foil-
Wimtr, 1978-

= a MERY imPORTUnT =

^nnouncEmEMT froiti

WORLD'S LARGEST SPEaALISTS IN THE DESIGNING* DEVELOPLNG
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Finally!
Practical Discriminator!

-- metering system, that is

Marion D, Kitchens K4GOK
7100 Men:uTy Ave,
Haym^kBt VA22Q69

The prototype discriminator meter^ the particular one used and described in the design process.

The do-!t-yoiirse!f
amateur can easily im-
prove the FM station by the

addition of a simple discrim-
inator meter. The meter can
be calibrated to read directly
the difference between the
transmitting frequency being
received and the frequency to
which the receiver ts tuned.
Receiver crystals can be
trimmed precisely to local re*
peater frequencies* You can
help other amateurs align
their transmit crystals to the
same frequency, which is a
big help in getting everybody
on the correct input fre-
quency to your local re-
peater.

This article describes the
design process used and the
results obtained in building a
discriminator meter for an
Uiiracom 25 2 meter trans-
ceiver. Although the particu-
lar design presented here was
based on components in my
possession, the procedure is
described so that custom
designs can be made with the
particular equipment and
components the builder may

already have. Assumptions
are made in the analyses to
keep the mathematics to the

simplicity of Ohm's Law.

Discriminator Characteristics

First, the characteristics of
the discriminator must be de-
termined. The discriminator
alignment procedure for the
builder's receiver will be of
assistance in locating the dis-
criminator signal input point
and the discriminator output
point An accurate means of
determining the discriminator
input frequency must be
available. A signal generator
and digital counter are pre-
ferred. Fig. 1 shows the
arrangement used to deter-
mine the discriminator out-
put voltage as a function of
the input frequency. Fig. 2
shows the results obtained for
the Ultracom 25. The dis-
criminator provides approx-
imately ,2 volts change for
each kHz frequency change,
at frequencies near its 455
kHz center frequency. This
characteristic is reasonably
linear up to about 460 kHz,
but is highly nonlinear as the
frequency decreases below
about 450 kHz. (The audio
characteristics of the discrim-
inator are quite different than
the dc characteristics of in-
terest here - don*t worry
about nonlinearity in the
audio responses,} A reason-
able frequency range for most
needs is about ±5 kHz. Exam-
ination of Fig. 2 shows that a
voltmeter covering +T0 volts
to -0,8 volts could be used, if
properly calibrated, to read
directly frequencies ±5 kHz
from the discriminator center
frequency.

A surplus 1 mA 4-inch
meter was available. Upon
careful disassembly, it was
found that this meter could
be converted to a 500-0-500
uA meter by repositioning
the friction -mounted return
springs. The meter internal
resistance was about 200
Ohms, much too low to be
connected directly to the
high impedance discriminator
output. If a very sensitive
meter, say 50-0*50 uA or
better^ is available, it may be

FREQUENCY

CO UN te: ft

a
>

10-

4
2

0.0

Rg. L Test setup for mea-
suring discriminator charac-
teristics,

practical to simply add the
proper series resistor and con-
nect it directly without un-
duly loading the discrim-
inator output. It is worth a
try.

Orcuit Design

The problem for the less
sensitive meter was to design

a high input impedance dc
circuit that would accept in-
puts both above and below
system ground without apply-
ing bias voltage to the dis-
criminator. The circuit must
operate from a single-ended
power supply (1 2 volts from
the transceiver) for conven-
ience and must provide both
plus and minus 0.5 mA to the
200 Ohm meter* The high

3 - ^

-6

|;R3

UluTftflCaV-25

f — -"UV

■€^

WPUT /p\ -OS""*

^ttE)

fl4

450 4% w

Fig. 2, Uftracom 25 discrim'h
nator dc c/iaracteristtcs.

input impedance and zero
volts dc bias can be obtained
with a self-biased junction
FET. The +1 volt to -0.8 volt
input signal suggests an FET
with a pinch-off voltage of
around 2 volts. Driving the
meter with plus and minus
0.5 mA suggests a bridgi: cir-
cuit with each bridge teg
drawing about 5 mA^ i.e.,
about 10 times the meter futi
scale current.

The circuit then begins to
take the form shown in Fig.
3* Since the meter current is
not significant (< 10% of the
current), the value of R4 +

-^ — 2 —

Fig, 3* Basic circuit configura-
tion.

R5 is readily computed.

R4+R5^ 12 V^ 2,4k

Using a 2.5 k pot for R4 +
R5 allows for easy zeroing of
the meter and accom-
modating variations in com*
ponents of the other leg of
the bridge* My circuit em-
ployed a surplus 5k ten-turn
trimpot allowing easy trim-
ming to zero.

In order to design the
active leg of the b ridge ^ it is
necessary to know the
characteristics of the FET to
be used. The test setup shown
in Fig, 4 can be used to find
the FET characteristics if
they are not available.

A second discriminator meter showing circuit board mounted to a small edge reading meter.
This one is ready to be installed in the box housing a home brew synthesizer. The FET is a
2N3819 available from Radio Shack as RS 2035. The input pot has been replaced with a fixed
resistor.

q-t5 VOitS

vftRmauf

jO\_

SUPPLY 1
OR

TAPPED
BftTTEH¥

n -

VTVM

' VG

3V _^ '*^;r"

•

r^, 4» Te^f se^i/p for finding FET characteristics.

-0.2

SftTE VOLTAGE

4 e s

DRAIN TO SOUf^CE VOLTftGE

Fig. 5, FET charocteristics as measured

Several FETs from the
junk box were examined and
a Radio Shack N-channel

FET (one of the P-channel|
N-channel pair in a package)
was found to have the desired
characteristics. Fig. 5 shows
the characteristics measured.
Once the FET character'
istics are known, a bias and
operating point must be de-
termined. In general, a drain
voltage of near 14 tiie supply
voltage is desired to allow the
maximum voltage gain. That

is, the drain voltage can theo-
retically vary +54 to -V4 the
supply voltage if the FET
drain is biased at the supply
voltage midpoint. For the
case in point, this ideally
should occur with an FET
current of about 5 mA, simul-
taneously with a gate
self-bias of around -1*0 volt
If a gate bias of -1.5 volts is
selected, a ±1.0 input swing
can be tolerated without driv-
ing the FET into its pinch-off
region. Examination of Fig. 5

t2V

Z5K

Jieav

-*"< I

jlZ^K

£7I6V

«E=J897K

l:£ 5K

9,ea4v

2 9K

ABC

Fig. 6. Equivalent circuits when the FET is "pinched off. "

JSn

I^ZSK

15ic

12V

kO MmA

REU^SJUK

^3K

ffr

AS c

Fig. 7. Equivalent circuits when the FET is fully conducting.

shows that a drain voltage of
5 volts can be obtained with a
-1-5 gate voltage at a current
of 4.3 mA. Six and Vi volts {5
+ 1.5) at the drain requires a
5.5 volt drop across R3 when
the current is 43 mA. Note
that when the bridge is
balanced, no current flows
through the meter and there-
fore all FET current flows
through R3.

— (d~" issw

A value of 1.2k can then
be used for R3-

The value of R2 can be
computed from the desired
g3te bias {equal to the neg-
ative source voltage) and FET
current.

R2 = _L5j- 349

A 330 Ohm standard value
resistor can then be used for
R2.

The load line should now*
be drawn on the FET charac-
teristic curves and the circuit
characteristic determined.
The load line can be found by
considering two conditions of
the FET: (l) an open circuit,
and (2) a short circuit*

Consider the condition
when the FET is completely
"pinched off," that is, it pre-
sents an open circuit to the
bridge as shown in Fig, 6(a).
Equivalent circuits are shown
in Figs. 6(b) and 6(c), where:

Be = (1.2 + .2) (2SI = .S9?k

(1.2 + Ji + as)

The voltage across Re is:

VRe = (12} imi\ =3,196 volts

and the voltage across the
1 .2k resistor is:

Vi 2 = C3J69^ (1,2) =2.716 volts

(1.5) + U)

Since no current is flowing
through the 330 Ohm resis*
tor, both ends of it are at
ground potential. That means
that the FET source is at zero
volts and its drain voltage is:

Vd = 12.0 - 2.7 16 = 9.284 volM

The FET drain to source vol-
tage is 9,284 volts when its
current is zero.

When the FET is driven
completely on, that is, it acts
like a short circuit, the equiv-
alent circuit is as shown in

Fig, 7 (a). Since the lower
2.5k resistor is large
compared to the 330 Ohm
resistor and the 200
Ohm meter, its effect on the
circuit is small* The equiva-
lent circuits are shown in
Figs. 7(b) and 7(c). The effec-
tive resistance of the upper
portion of the circuit is:

Reu - fL2m5+^^ m\ k
1.5^15+0 2

and the total current is then:

t^ 12 10.34 mA

.831 + .33

The load line can be plot-
ted on the FET character-
istic curves by locating the
two points, zero volts at
1034 mA, and 9.284 volts at
zero mA. A line drawn be-
tween these two points repre*
sents the load seen by the
FET.

Rload = 9^284/10.34 = .89Sk

The FET operating point,
or its bias conditions with no
input signal, can be found by
an iterative process. First,
guess a gate to source voltage,
say -1,25 volts, and find from
the characteristic curves the
FET current and drain to
source voltage at the point
where the -L25 volt ^te
curve intersects the load line.
Fig, 5 gives values of 4 J volts
and 5.1 mA, The 5 J mA of
current through the 330 Ohm
resistor produces a gate
self-bias of -1*68 volts. The
computed voltage and the
guessed voltage should be
averaged and the process re-
peated, using the average
value as the new guess, until
the computed and guessed
values are equal. The operat-
ing point for the character-
istic curves and load tine of
Fig. 5 were found to be:

'1.4S vofts galB to K>urce self -bias
5,30 vol IS drain lo source
4.48 mA FET current

The circuit response to in-
put signals can be determined
by examining the voltages
and currents along the load
line. If an input signal drives
the gate to source voltage
from its -1 .48 volt operating
point to -1.00 volts, the drain
to source voltage is 4.05 and
the current is 5,88 mA- The
input signal required is equal

GF^D

12V

TO DISC. OUTPUT

Fig. 8. Printed circuit board layout

Fig. 9. Component placement*

to the -1.00 gate to source
voltage plus the voltage across
the 330 Ohm resistor,

Vin * -UOO + (5,88) (J33> = ■M>.94 volts

Given the voltage at the FET
drain,

Vd » 4.05 + {5.88) (.33) - 5.99 votts

the voltage across the 1.2k
resistor and its current can be
found.

h^2 = 12.0-5.99^ 5.01 mA
1.2

The load line indicates that
5.88 mA flow through the
FET, so the additional
current must flow through
the meter.

Im ^ 5.Se 5.0T - 0.S7 mA or S70 uA

The circuit response in
terms of meter current for an
input voltage can then be
found.

Re^ = 870/0 J4 = 926 uA/^oft

Since the meter to be used
is ±500 uA ful[ scale, and the
signal from the discriminator
is about 1 voltp a voltage
divider of about 2 to 1 will be
required at the FET input.
The circuit input impedance
is determined by the 1 meg
resistor between the FET gate
and ground. A 580k fixed
resistor in series with a 500k
pot was used with the 1 meg
resistor to form a divider that
could be easily adjusted.

Notice the expected dis-
criminator output voltages of
+1 ,0 and -0.8 do not drive the
circuit into regions where it
cannot operate. That is, the
circuit is not driven too close
to zero mA current, nor is it
driven to a positive gate vol-
tage which would lower its

input impedance. The circuit
is also not driven near its
maximum current limit. All
three of these conditions
should always be checked to
assure proper circuit oper-
ation.

Construction

A printed circuit board
layout is shown in Fig, 8.
This layout fits the parts that
I had, but will fit most parts
by drilling holes in the cor-
rect location. The board is
easy to copy with an etch
resist marking pen. My
assembled board was mount-
ed by bolting directly to the
meter terminals. Fig. 9 shows
the parts placement*

The bridge balancing pot^
R4 + R5, must be adjusted
before connecting the meter
to the circuit. After
assembling the circuit board,
apply power from the source
to ultimately be used. A
well-regulated power source
must be used. Adjust the
balancing pot for exactiy zero
volts across the terminals that
are to be connected to the
meter. Now the meter can be
connected without fear of
damage.

A direct reading frequency
scale can be added to the
meter to make it easy to use<
Most military surplus meters
have scales on a thin alumi-
num plate. This plate can
usually be unscrewed and re-
versed, thus providing an
attractive blank scale that just
fits the meter. The plastic
meters with permanent scales
can be modified by the
addition of a piece of heavy

bond paper. In either case, a
temporarily attached blank
scale is to be calibrated. The
test setup of Fig. 1 is used to
accurately provide known fre-
quencies to the discriminator.
Apply power to the meter
circuit and connect it to the
discriminator output. Adjust
the signal generator in 1 kHz
steps and carefully mark the
blank scale accordingly. The
accuracy of the meter is de-
termined by the precision of
this calibration. Do it care-
fully 1 India ink and rub*on
lettering can be used to make
an attractive scale. Protect it
with a light coat of clear
plastic spray paint.

Using The Instrument

The meter described mea-
sures how far the discrim-
inator input frequency is
from its center frequency-
The absolute accuracy with
which a received signal can be
measured is then dependent
upon the accuracy of the
receiver local oscillator ahead
of the discriminator. Keep
this in mind when reporting
other amateurs* transmit fre-
quencies! The discriminator
meter can be used to align
two transmitters to the same
frequency. If a meter with a
targe scale is used, frequency
differences of less than 100
Hz can easily be read. One
hundred Hertz out of 146
MHz ain't half bad! Your
receive crystals can be
trimmed to frequency by
listening to local repeaters
and adjusting crystal trim-
mers until the discriminator
reads zero. You will be able

to measure receiver crystal
warm-up frequency drift.
Some of my crystals appear
to drift 200 to 400 Hz. After
you observe for a few
months, you may suspect
that some repeater output
frequencies vary a few hun-
dred Hertz from time to time*
The warm-up drift of a home
brew synthesizer was mea-
sured by comparing its trans-
mit frequency with a local
repeater. The transceiver re-
ceiver crystal was trimmed to
the repeater frequency. A
spot switch was added to the
synthesizer to allow it to
switch to the repeater trans*
mit frequency while the re-
ceiver was still receiving via
the crystal. An extension of
this technique with several
different repeaters can be a
big help in getting a synthe-
sizer on frequency without
need of a frequency counter.
You may find that all repeat-
ers are not quite on their
advertised frequency and that
a compromise on the synthe-
sizer frequency may have to
be made to get as close as
possible to all of the repeater
frequencies. Readers will un-
doubtedly find additional
uses for the discriminator
meter.

Concluding Remarks

The discriminator meter
was easy to design and build.
It worked as expected on the
first try. It was a fun project
that can be duplicated in a
week by just about anyone.
All in all, it is a worthwhile
piece of test equipment to
add to the FM station. «

Since the beginning of
amateur radio, hams
have worked on improving
the efficiency of Iheir signals.
And many, not want^
ing to spend the time^ would
buy a linear amplifier, instead
of putting up a decent an-
tenna.

Although a kilowatt ampli-
fier may boost a 200 Watt
signal 6 dB, the power is
often wasted by using a
dipole or vertical antenna.
After all^ you are generally
trying to conn muni cate with
one person in a distinct
portion of the world at a
time- Why, then, should you
send your sigfial to all parts
of the Earth? A beam or
antenna array would solve
this problem by directing
your signal in a distinct direc-^
tjon. At the same time, a
certain amount of gain would
be realized, and QRM from
many stations would be
minimized.

The variety of beam anten-
nas in use today is astound-
ing. Each has a distinct
pattern, ^in, and front-to-
back ratio (the difference, in
dB, between a signal trans-
mitted off the front and off
the back of the antenna),

Although it is possible to
buy a beam antenna, money
can be saved by ^'rolling your
own/' Books are available on
how to build your own beam
antenna, so the remainder of
this article will deal with the
choosing of a beam antenna,
not the construction of one.

The Yagi

The yagi is a parasitic
beam antenna. This means
that the reflector and director

elements are not connected

Loran Joly WB0KTHJ4
4Z2 Cenu^l Av^.
Mora MN 5S051

ORWEN ELE*rf£NT

A Kilowatt Alternative

-- try a gain antenna

to the feedline*

The main element consists
of a simple dipole. The re-
flector is slightly longa^ than
Vi wavelength^ and the direc-
tors are slightly shorter than
Vi wavelength. A tv^o-element
beam, consisting of a dipole
and a parasitic element, when
properly adjusted^ will
exhibit a reasonable amount
of gain. (See Fig, 1.)

All minor back lobes
cannot be completely
eliminated, but a gain of 5 dB
is to be expected when using
a two-element yagi. When
another parasitic element is
added, to make a three-ele-
ment beam, a practical g^in
of 7,0 to 8,5 dB is to be
expected. In general,
doubling the number of
parasitic elements will in-
crease the antenna gain by 3
dB, (See Table 1 »)

Yagis can be constructed
out of tubing and wire. Wire
yagjs are identical to their

■*- 'S^a

PARASITIC OtftCClOR

pipe counterparts in opera-
tion. For best operation, a
yagi should be elevated at
least 30 feet off the ground.

Vertical Beams

Because a single i^ wave-
length vertical antenna does
not exhibit any gain over a
dipole, many hams pass by
this low-angle radiator with-
out reafizing that two or
more vertical antennas can be
used to form specific pat-
terns. The vertical radiates rf
at a tow angle, making DX
much easier to work. Shown
in Fig. 2 is a two-element,
phased, vertical system.

Coax is used as a delay line

in this system. One vertical
receives rf Va cycle before the
other one does. This way^
two verticals can become an
end-fire array. Note: The
coaxial phasing harness
lengths mentioned in Fig, 2
are electrical, not physical,
lengths-

%/4

\f4

*/^

t./t

^TO TRANSMITTER,
ANY LENGTH

Cubical Quads

A cubical quad is an

efficient, low-cost DX anten-
na. It is li#it and has a small
turning radius. A quad is
effective even when mounted
close to the ground.

The quad consists of a
simple loop, with reflector
and director loops. Although
the quad may be more diffi-
cult to build and erect than a
yagi, the pin compares very
favorably to that of a yagi.
More details can be found in
William Orr^s book, AH
About Cubtco! Quad Anten-

Long Wires

Single long wires, vee
beams, and rhombics are very
effective DX antennas. They
have a high amount of gain. I
am not going to go into the
details of any of these anten-
nas, however, for most hams
would not have the amount
of land necessary for them.
For those who are interested
in long wire antennas, the
ARRL Antenna Book should
prove quite useful. ■

4 ^-lements

(3 parasitics)
7 elements
19 eJemenis
56 elements
933 elements

9dB*

12dB-

1 5 dB'
18 dB*
27 dB*

Fig, t

Fig. Z

Table h '^'Gain will be slightly
lesSi In actual practice^ by
about J dB^

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All About

Transceivers

-- Novices, take note!

Many radio amateurs are
searching for iheir

dream transceiver or their
dream station and are finding
the search and selection dif-
ficult. Selection, unfortu-
nately^ Is most frequently
based upon cost rather than
performance characteristics.

Dream stations have been
described many times over
the years — the best in spark
g^p and audions, a Collins
station, all solid state, all
mode (AM, FM, SSB, FSK,
ATV, SSTV, EME, etc.)
stations, and computer con-
trolled or "the lazy man's
station/* Every amateur has
visions of his dream station,
and as the years progress,
these visions change.

What you may set as cri-
teria for that dream rig (sizei
power, all mode, sensitivity,
selectivity, stability, fre-
quency coverage, etc*) are not
the same as some I must also
consider: Does its appearance
please the XYL? Does it fit

the shack decor? Does it have
pretty lights? '*You have to
sell your other stuff before
you can buy anything new!",
etc.

Since my XYL (WB5TNI)
fjnaily got her license after 27
years, I am at the stage of
converting my tube-type,
patchwork station into some
type of unified, solid state
station which we can both
use. First we must consider
the heart of the station, a
separate transmitter and re*
ceiver or a transceiver. We
chose to go for a transceiver
to which we hope to add a
remote vfo to give split fre-
quency capability.

Most rigs have much in
common as far as basic
chEracteristics are concerned
— they cost more than I can
afford, they do not cover all
the frequencies I wish to
operate (how am 1 going to
cover MARS frequencies?),
they do not function in all
modes 1 wish to use, they

have insufficient power at a
critical moment in the QSO,
and they are not quite sensi-
tive enough to pull that
station out of the DX muck. 1
am sure that you can think of
other basic characieristicSp

A dream transceiver, or
dream station, must fulfill
your needs. How do you like
to operate in amateur radio —
ON, SSB, RTTY, SSTV,
ATV, VHF, EME, satellites,
rag chew. Technician, Novice,
General, Advanced, or Extra?
Many factors must be con-
sidered when we get down to
actual hardware*

A station for the pio-
fessional Novice would seem
fairly simple to dream up as
the maximum parameters
have been established by the
FCC - 250 Watts, vfo, CW
only, and limited frequencies*
One still has to choose be-
tween solid state versus tubes,
kits versus factory-built
equipment, and new versus
old (used). However, most

Novices look forward to
advancing to higher class
licenses. These Novices must
consider most of the same
criteria as the General or
higher class licensee if they
wish to grow into their rig.
Many of the characteristics
looked for by the Novice
would also be good for more
advanced licenses.

The vfo must be stable,
and there should be provision
for offset tuning. As a
Novice, one needs only CW,
but the transmitter should
key cleanly (without chirps)
and have a fast break-in
mechanism. Almost all
current new equipment will
meet these criteria. Equip-
ment designed for a specific
small number of frequencies
can be belter designed than
that for a larger range. A CW
filter With 400 cycles or less
passhand is a must for CW
enthusiasts. Selectivity, the
ability to separate one signal
from another, should also be
good. Sensitivity, to dig
signals from the muck, ideally
should be 0.5 uV or less on
all bands. Although most
transceivers have a very
narrow output impedance
(50-70) Ohms), the ability to
tune the output over a wider
range would be helpfuL

The Technician's require-
ments on the high frequency
bands are the same as the
Novice's. However, he has a
range of choices in the VHF
bands. We will not discuss

VHF in this article.

We really come to a wide

range of choice with the
General, Advanced, or Extra
class licensee. A good method
of making a choice among the
many currently available
transceivers is to listen to the
discussions of ama^un on
the air. Amateurs are fairly
free with their comments
concerning the good and bad
characteristics of the various
rigs. Another method is to
listen to the quality of the
rigs you hear on the air.

In our area^ the popular
transceivers seem to be the
Heath SB series, Kenwood
TS-520, Yaesu^ and Orake.
The Swan transceivers have

never been popular here. We
are also noting a decrease in
popularity of the Drake
TR-4C and the Yaesu
FT*101. The Kenwood and
Atlas transceivers seem to be
increasing in popularity. Five
years ago, the Drake, Heath,
and Yaesu were the most
popular units, I personally
have a Swan-350 which is one
continuous headache, and a
borrowed Drake TR4. The
TR-4, in the experience of
hams in this area, is a better
rig than the TR-4C. In our
area^ there are probably more
Kenwood TS-520s (with
Heath being second) than any
other rig. (In our charts, the
Tempo "one" is added for
consideration as some
amateurs still prefer
tube-type units, Collins is not
considered^ due particuiarly
to costp the fact that other
transceivers can outperform
the KWM-2, and because the
KWM-2 has not been modern-
ized for many years.)

If I were to buy a new rig
today, I would have great
difficulty deciding just what I
would choose- Even after the
research I have done for this
article^ I still find choice con-
fusing. I like some features on
one unit, and others I don*t
like. So it goes with all avail-
able units. My dream
transceiver has yet to be
designed and built. However,
each of us has our own re-
quirements, and we must
compromise with what is
available.

What would I like for my
dream transceiver? Cost
should be below $500 (but
that is impossible in the
current market); buift-in ac
and dc power supply ; variable
power - 100 to 150 Watts
PEP output, with capabilities
of going to 300 Watts
PEP output when the going
gets rough; full coverage of all
HF amateur bands, plus
enough extra on the ends to
cover MARS frequencies; cap-
abilities built-in for CW, SSB,
FSK and AFSK, and adapt-
able to SSTV; digital dial
backed by an accurate fre-
quency counter; WWV
monitoring capability on 10

Transoetver

«0

■

c
o

■H

Characteristic:

Mod«: CW

LSB/USB

-»-

FSK

■>

Frequency:

160 meters

'mr

—

OPT

2E2SB MHz

OPT

■I-

OPT

29-29S MHz

OPT

29,S 30 MHi

■I-

OPT

WWV

-t

OPT

Aux. Bands

OPT

tm.

■^

OPT

Crystal Cali.

■*■

•

Suppression (-dB)

Carrier

Unwanted SB

Spurious

Harmonics

Sensitivity

(aVJ

.25

.35

.25

-5

Set^ctlvity

SSB

Selectivity

SSB

2.1

2,4

2.4

2.1

2,1

2.1

2.4

2.3

2,7

OPT

■ OPT

OPT

400

600

400

OPT

Noise Blander

OPT

Power Supply:

Internal ac

■^

Internal dc

-f

Power, finsi

Input. W PEP

300

200

180

160

200

180

300

200

Output, PEP

100

■

100

Sidetone

OsciMator

-(■

Fig. 2. Transceiver basic character/sties. + = present in transmiver^ - = not present; OPT =
optionaf accessory.

and 15 MHz; VOX and
push-to-talk; all solid state;
separate vfo to use split fre-
quencies for DX; sensitivity
on all bands of 0.25 uV, or
less, for 10 dB S+N/N; carrier
suppression of 60 dB or
better, unwanted sideband
suppression of 60 dB or
better, and spurious and
harmonics down by at least
60 dB; and selectivity of 2.1
kHz at -6 dB on SSB, and not
much greater than that at
-100 dB, On CW I would like
a filter or selectivity of about
150 Hz. And, of course, I
would like a noise blanker
and a sidetone monitor.

The Tempo 2020 and
Hy-Gain 3750 are still rather
unknown quantities, although
the specs look good. We are
beginning to see more and
more japanese-built rigs that
seem to be the same basic
unit with only the name
plate, front panel, and a few
options difference.

Although there are many

ways to broadly divide trans-
ceivers into groups, the
following are usually the first
considered:

Cost: Below $500,
$500-1000, $1000-2000, and

over $2000. New versus used
equipment.

Construction: Kits versus
facto ry~assem bled. Solid
state, tubes, hybrid.
Ixodes: CW only; CW/SSB;
CW/AM/SSB; ONjSS%lMAj
FSK.

Frequency: Single band ver-
sus ailband, or multiband;
vfo, crystal, synthesizer.

New equipment and new
models of present equipment
are coming out at all times, so
what is said in this article
may be superseded shortly.
Heath kit is featuring the
SB-104 which has superseded
other units in the SB series.
Although the Heathkit
HW-101 is still advertised, it
appears the HW-1 04 is des-
tined to replace the HW-101,
Kenwood brought out the

TS-520, and shortly there-
after the TS-820 appeared on
the market Yaesu is also
bringing out new models —
first the FT-101, then the
FT-IOIB, the FT-IOIE and
EE, and now the FT-301D.
With every new model the
price seems to go up. There
are now very few^ if any,
transceivers selling new for
under $500 if one considers
the total cost of putting the
transceiver on the air.

The question of new
versus used is faced by both
the newcomer and the
established amateur. New
units have a much better
warranty than used unitSj but
if repairs are needed, how
long would it take to get the
unit repaired under warranty?
Where does one have to send
the transceiver for warranty
repairs? There are different
types of warranties — factory
and dealer. A few dealers also
offer warranties in addition
to the factory warranty.

TRANS*

Dfakff

Ymm

Ymsu

Heatb

Heeih

Heath

Kenwood

Hy-Gain

Tempo

Atlas

Triton

CEIVER

TR-4C

FT-101E

FT-301

SB 104

HW 104

HW-101

TS520

TS-820

3750

2020

'One'

210X

Basic New

599-95

749 .00

769.00

N/A

W/A

629.00

830.00

1895.00

759,00

399.00

679,00

699.00

Basic Used

469.00

425.00

595.00

449.00

249.00

529.00

319.00

519.00

Kit

N/A

6a9.9S

4^.95

339.95

N/A

ac power

120.00

125.00

89.95

88.95

57.95

99.00

195.00

129.00

Crvstal

Catibrator

■■-

Speaker

24.95

1 9.00

29.95

19.95

59,95

19.00

'#»

Microphone

39.95

39,95

39.95

39,95

39.95

29.50

SUBTOTAL

784.S5

749.00

913.00

829.80

638.80

457,80

66895

8^.95

1994 SO

7S9.0O

556,95

913,95

827.50

dc Power

135.00

84,95

N/A

120.00

Noise Blanker

100.00

26.95

40.00

29.00

CW Filter

45,00

45.00

39,95

39.95

29.95

45.00

N/A

25,00

29-29.5 MHz

7,96

16.95

B.OO

28-28S MHz

7.95

•

1@Q meters

N/A

97.00

Dig. Dial
TOTAL

N/A
1035.75

N/A

794,00

X
958.00

X
896.70

N/A
723,65

N/A
572.70

N/A
713.95

170,00

1084S5

1994.90

Hybrid
759.00

• *#

•299
1 252SE

N/A

676.95

\ 983.50

Fig, h Cost comparison. X = Built into the transceiver^ N/A -
cost, *Aaxi/iary li'o Model 206 (digital dial) provides complete
also functions independently as a 100 HzAO MHz frequency
^^'^Availabfe as an option at one tinte, no longer listed.

Questions lo ask are where such a unil.

Not available^ ? = not known. A vailable options are listed with
coverage of 3-5, 6-8, 8-10, 14-16, 20-22, and 28-30 l^lHi. (206
counter. Price $299.) **Buitt into ac power supply console.

the repair work will be done
— factory or local dealer —
and how long it will take for
repairs.

When buying used equip-
ment^ you may be buying
someone else's troubles. If
you buy either new or used
equipment, you should buy
from a reputable firm or per-
son. In the charts we list new
and used prices as published
in amateur journals by rep-
utable firms. Used prices
from individuats can vary
greatly, as can equipment
condition* Locally^ the maxi-
mum used price is at least
1 5-20% less than east coast or
west coast' prices. Used
prices from individuals are
usually less than used prices
from retail stores.

If you do not know which
are reliable companies, then
ask your friends who may
have had dealings with the
firms or listen to the com-
ments made on the air by
other amateurs.

Buying used equipment
from individuals can be very
hazardous, particularly if you
do not know how to judge
used equipment. It is best to
take a friend with you who
can judge used equip menu If
possible, take a friend who
owns a unit like the unit you
are considering or has had
some experience operating

Several points should be
kepi in mind when buying
used equipment. First comes
visual inspection, externally
and internally, ts the unit
ctean or beat-up? Have mod-
ifications been made on the
unit? Is there evidence of
rewiring or soldering not of
factory manufacture or not
equal to factory quality sol-
dering? Are there any addi-
tional holes in the cabinet or
chassis that were not there
when the unit came from the
factory? Also determine if
repair parts arc still available.
Some of the older units are
sold as is because repair parts
are difficult to obtain. Other
units are difficult to repair
because the manufacturer has
gone out of business, or has
gone out of the amateur radio
business.

Second, you should check
the receive characteristics-
Attach the transceiver to an
antenna and check the receive
characteristics on all bands* Is
it noisy? Does it separate the
signals well? Does the S-meter
work? Compare sensitivity, or
ability to pick up weak sig-
nals, with a unit you know
works properly. Is there dis-
tortion or a broken cone in
the speaker? Do you gel ring-
ing on SSB or when the CW
filter is used? Does it cover

the frequencies you wish to
work? Does the crystal cali-
brator work?

If the receive section
seems to work well, then
check the transmit section. If
possible, make on-lhe^air con-
tacts, and get reports. Termi-
nate the output of the trans-
mitter through a wattmeter
into a dummy load to mea-
sure output power. Can you
load it to full rated power on
each band? Are the final
tubes soft? Docs the trans-
mitter cover the frequencies
which you would like to
work? Do you get maximum
output at the point where
you get the maximum dip on
the plate-current meter? If
not, you may find the trans-
mitter is improperly neutral-
ized.

Fig. 1 is a cost comparison
chart. The most important
figure is the total , which is
what it would cost to put a
new unit on the atr (exclusive
of the antenna system) at the
level to include options that
may be standard on other
units. For example, some
units have noise blankers as
standard equipment, whereas
this may be optional with
others. The cost of such
options is included in the
total. We also include both ac
and dc power supply cost in
the total. Under microphone,
we list the cost of factory

recommendations, but it is
realized that cheaper micro-
phones are available. Some
units have built-in speakers,
but an external speaker is
usually to be preferred. Three
of the listed transceivers have
digital readouts based upon
frequency counters, and one
has a hybrid readout com-
bining a digital readout for
megahertz and kilohertz and
a dial for hundreds of cycles.
Most of the units have fre-
quency readouts resettable
within ±1-2 kHz and a drift
of less than 100 H^ after
warm-up.

The FCC requires that the
amateur licensee have some
method of measuring trans-
mitter frequency independent
of the frequency-determining
device of the transmitter it-
self Most amateurs meet this
requirement by using a cali-
brated receiver with a 100
kHz and/or 25 kHz crystal
calibrator which has been
zero beat with one of the
primary frequencies of WWV.
Some transceivers have WWV
receive capability,^ others do
not. A few can receive WWV
on both 10 MHz and 15 MHz.
The capability to receive
WWV is a desirable feature on
a transceiver. In the chart,
crystal calibrator refers to
one with 100 kHz calibration
points. A few units also have
25 kHz calibration points,

and WWV also means that the
transceiver has receive cap-
ability for WWV,

All transceivers considered
in the comparison did cover
the full 8040-20 and 15
meter bands and 28.5 to 29,0
MHz of the 1 0 meter band- In
the chart, we list additional
coverage by the transceivers
that is in excess of these basic
bands* A few units also have
provision for auxiliary bands
which may be determined by
the user.

During years of low sun-
spot activity, there is con-
siderable activity on the 160
meter band, even though
there are frequency and
power restrictions in certain
geographic areas for use of
this band. I personally would
not pay extra for the 160
meter band. However, it is
important lo me that a trans-
ceiver be able to cover at least
to 293 MHz for OSCAR
activity and that it cover
sufficiently beyond the band
edges for MARS frequencies.
It is important to consider
the total coverage of the
transceiver — if you don't
want the extra coverage now,
you may want it in the
future.

Some transceivers have
selectable sideband on all fre-
quencieSi others have only
lower sideband on 80 and 40
meters and only upper side-
band on 20-15-10 meters, tn
our chart, an X in the
LSB/USB column means the
unit has selectable sideband.
The lack of selectable side-
band is not a serious de-

traction, as most amateurs

use only the lower sideband
on 80 and 40 and only upper
sideband on 20, 15, and 10
meters.

Final amplifier input
power is limited to a max-
imum of 250 Watts for

Novices and Technicians, and
other classes of licensees have
a maximum input of 1,000
Watts for CW and AM, and
2,000 Watts PEP for side-
band. FCC regulations state
that an amateur should use
the minimum amount of
power necessary to maintain
communications. For each 3
dB increase, one must double
the power. Assuming 100
Watts output as the baseline,
one must go to 200 Watts to
bring about a noticeable
difference in reception over
100 Watts, to 400 Watts for 3
dB increase over 200 Watts,
and 800 Watts output from
400 for another 3 dB in-
crease. Generally, one can
figure about 100 Watts out-
put from 160-180 Walts in-
put to the final Most of the
transceivers reviewed had an
input of about 200 Watts and
generally can produce satis-
factory communications.

Many amateur radio mag-
azines—/A//n RadfOf QST, 73
— carry articles evaluating in
depth new equipment as it is
marketed. These are usually
good sources of unbiased
technical evaluations, and
usually indicate how the par-
ticular unit under test com-
pared with the manufacture
er's published specifications.

We are using the man-
ufacturer's pu btished
specifications in our com-
parison charts.

Sensitivity is the ability of
a receiver to pull in weak
signals and is rated in micro-
volts (uV) for 10 dBS+N/N.
The 1977 Handbook defines
sensitivity as '^the signal at
the input of the receiver re-
quired to give a signal plus
noise output some staled
ratio (generally 10 dB) above
the noise output of the re-
ceiver/' Sensitivity can be in-
creased through the use of a
solid state, low-noise pre-
amplifier, as much noise is
generated by thermionic
emission from tubes. The
amount of thermionic noise
in tubes can be decreased by
running them at a lower volt-
age — e,g,, 100 V instead of
1 80 V — in the early stages of
the receiver where the most
noise is generated before the
signal is adequately amplified.
An all solid state receiver has
a lower noise level, and usual-
ly better sensitivity than does
a tube type receiver. The
newer transceivers are all of
the solid state variety in the
receiver section. Exceptions
to this statement in the com*
parison chart are the TR-4C
and HW-101, which are pre-
dominantly tube types.

Selectivity is a measure of
the ability of a receiver to
separate adjacent signals*
Selectivity is a measure of the
width of the bandpass at a
point 6 dB down {S dB)
from the peak of the band-
pass curve. For a receiver

with 2.4 kHz selectivity, the
bandpass is 2.4 kHz wide at
-6 dB. For SSB, a selectivity
of 2,1 to 2.4 kHz is good, as
an SSB signal is usually no
broader than 2.4 kHz. On
CW, since theoretically it is a
single frequency signal, the
bandpass can be much
narrower. Most receivers with
CW filters have a 400 cycle
bandpass, but some have only
150 cycle bandpass. In newer
types of receivers, a crystal
filter is used to provide band-
pass at ten uat ion _

The selectivity bandpass at
6 dB down must be sufficient
to pass the necessary signal
Information (single sideband,
double sidebands, or carrier
plus sidebands) without un-
desired attenuation. An AM
signal requires about twice
the bandpass of an SSB sig-
nal. A CW signal, as stated
previously, requires even less
bandpass frequency.

If your transmitter has a
sidetone oscillator, you can
hear yourself as you send CW,
The ability to hear yourself
with a sidetone oscillator in
the transmitter, or on the
keyer, helps in sending better
formed CW. Without being
able to hear yourself send,
you can have difficulty with
proper spacing and formation
of characters.

Other characteristics of
transceivers are also impor-
tant and are used as seJIing
points in advertising. We have

listed In the charts only what
we consider to be the basic
characteristics of importance
in a good transceiver, ■

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German
Amateur Procedures

-- and repeater information

This article has two pur-
poses* The first is to
inform anyone who talks to a
German ham on the HF
bandSi because he may be
interested in knowing more
about the other man's hobby
environment. The second is
to help anyone anticipating a
trip or work assignment in
Germany, who may well wish
to do some hamming while in
the country. For these
reasons, this article wilt ex-
plain the ham license struc-
ture and hobby activities
available in Germany,

Like most hams all over
the world, the German ham
you talk to has had io pass a
series of exams. They are
given by the Deutsche
Bundespost. The minimum
age at which one can become
a ham is 16 years. There are
two main divisions of
licenses, the class A/B and the
class C Holders of a class A
or B can operate all per-
missible amateur bands on all
modes, with the only dif-
ference between them being

the transmitter power autho-
rized. If you've worked a
German ham on the HF

bandsj he had eiiher a class A
or B license, because the class
C license is the equivalent of
the American Technician
class and allows only opera-
tion above 144 MHz.

If you will refer to Table 1
for a summary of the bands
and modes for each license,
you will note that^ unlike the
American Technician class^
the German class C ham may
not operate CW on any band.
He has not been required to
pass a CW exam to get his
license. This is the only dif-
ference between the class C
and cla^ A/B ham, because
all hams lake the same writ-
ten exam on technical, regula-
tory, and operational sub-
jects. The code test is at 60
characters per minute and re-
quires a solid minute*s copy
each ofp first, five-letter
groups, then German
language text, and then
English language text, A max-
imum of three errors is per-

missjble. If a ham has a class
C license, he need only pass
the code test to upgrade to a

class A license*

If the exam is failed, the
applicant may take it again, if

the second attempt is failed, a
mandatory waiting period of
one year must be observed
before trying apin. tf the
third attempt is failed, a
period of three years must be
waited out before trying
ag^in.

License fees are paid by
the month at 3 Deutsche
Marks (DM) ($1.25), plus 3
DM for the issuance of a new
or duplicate license. The
exam costs 15 DM ($6.25)
the first time and 5 DM for a
repeat,

A ham must operate as a
class A operator for a year's
probationary period before
he may upgrade his license to
class B status, if his record is
good. A class A station is
allowed a maximum of 50
Watts final power amplifier
dissipation^ a class B station

150 Watts, and a class C
station 50 Watts. While this

system is different from the
American use of power input,
you can readily compare
them if you refer to the
normal efficiencies of 5SB
and FM amplifiers.

just as in the U.S. A,, you
can tell something about a
German ham from his call-
sigi. Old-timers with class B
licenses are assigned a DL,
DK, or DJ prefix, and newer
operators have a DF prefix.
Class C stations are DC or DD
prefixed. If the ham is not a
citizen of Germany, but of
another country, he receives a
a D)0 class A/B prefix or a
DC0FA to )2 class C call.
American military stationed
in Germany receive a DAI or
DA2 prefix for a class B or a
DA4 prefix for a class C
license, depending on the
class of their U.S* license.

To operate in Germany as
an American, there are two
basic systems in use. If you
are a touristj you can obtain a
temporary reciprocal license
commensurate with your
U.S.A. license class, and you
will use your U,S-A. calf with
a /DL. The ARRL has an
information package available
for your use in applying
in advance for the license. Or,
if you Ye in a hurry or already
in Germany, write the
German equivalent to the
ARRL, the Deutscher Ama-
teur Radio Club (DARC), at
Postfach 1 153, 3507
Baunatal 1, West Germany.
Ask in your letter for a
tourist license valid for three
months, and include the fol-
lowing information in the for-
mat shown:

1. Family name, Chris-
tian name, nationality

2, Birthday

3. Place of birth

4, U.S.A. address

5. U*S.A. callsign

6, ARRL membership
status

7- Copy of U.S*A*
license

S. Dates of S-month
period desired
9. Mai! address in Ger-
many

10. Actual address in
Germany

It. 15 DM intep
national check or
money order, or wire to
the DARC bank
account, Postscheckamt
Essen 5613-430, with a
note (showing your
U.5-A. callsign) that it
is for a tourist license.
You should expect up to
six weeks processing time for
your license to go through
the DARC to the German
authorities and back to you.
If you are to be stationed in
Germany with the U,S. mili-
tary under the Status of
Forces Act, you must go
through the U.S. Army
liaison office to apply for a
license. Write for application
forms to the Commander, 5th
Signal Command, Attn:
CCE-OP-T-ML, APO NY
09056. This license will be
issued for a year at a timej at
an annual cost of 39 DM
($16.50), by the FTZ division
of the Deutsche Bundespost
(DBP). It will be a class B
license for ail classes except
Technician and Novice. Tech-
nicians receive a class C
license, and Novices are not
eligible for a DA call license.
However, a Novice can obtain
a three-month tourist license
to hold him over until he can
upgrade at the FCC examina*
tions given twice a year at
Ramslein Air Base, Germany,
Now that we've discussed
the license and privilege struc-
ture, it*s time to talk about
what can be done on the air
with the license. The HF
bands, you will note^ are
smaller than in the U,S,A*,
but are not legally divided
into modes of emission or
subbands. However, "gentle-
men's agreements" exist,
much the same as in the
U.S. A- German hams tike
working OX and rag chewing
as much as any ham, and the
usual blend of home brew
and commercial equipment
can be found, made by Ger-
man, Japanese, and American
manufacturers. Customs and
taxes really elevate the prices
on giear, however. Can you
imagine paying $1000 for a

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new Drake R48 receiver or
$800 for a Yaesu FT-221?
** Discount" is a word not
readily found in a German
ham dealer's vocabulary*
However p in the usual ham
spirit of "keeping the rig new
while forgetting to buy shoes
for the family," hams manage
to stay on the air. Hams here
also find themselves inter-
ested in CW, SSB, SSTV, and
RTTV, with, of course, the
usual local and internationat
blend of contests available to
jam the weekend bands into

an aspirin bottle.

Of the over 25,000
German hams, many, either
because of their class C
license or a genuine interest
and desire for the open spaces
of radio, find their interests
directed towards VHF/UHF
operation. It is in this area
that the German hams really
excel Technical proficiency
is, on the average, very high,

and these bands lend them-
selves to home brew and an-
tenna projects readily. As can
be seen from Table 1, there

are no 50 MHz or 220 HWz
bands in Germany. As a re-
sult, most activity is on the
144 and 430 MHz bands, and
even these bands are smaller
than in the U.S.A.

There is a high degree of
activity on FM using both
simplex and repeaters. The
main two meter and 70 cm
frequencies are given in
Tables 2 and 3, from which
you can see thai the Germans
use the standard two meter
600 kHz offset, and a 7.6
MHz offset on 70 cm- There

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Fig, 2. 70 ciw repeaters In Germany.

are ten two meter repeater
channeEs allocated to about
77 Ktjve machines on a 25
kHz spacing^ and with no
oddball or revei^e splits. Fig.
1 is a map of two meter FM
repeaters in Germany* The 70
cm repeaters number 45 at
present, and, although pro-
vision is made for the
eventual use of 25 kHz
spacing, present spacing is
mainly 50 kHz. Fig. 2 shows
the German 70 cm repeaters.
All German repeaters operate
on a dual entry of carrier

squelch plus a 1750 Hz tone
burst* No other entry tone
burst frequency is allowed^
and many commercial trans-
ceivers sold in the U.S. have a
special German "G** version,
which includes a tone burst
circuit for this purpose. The
DARC coordinates all re-
peater locations and fre-
quencies, and the* DBP will
not process a license applica-
tion for a repeater that has
not been approved by the
DARC. Some DARC
standards for repeaters in-

clude a 4-5 second delay on
transmitter turnoff, a 1-2
minute time-out on individual
transmissions, and a 1-1,5
second delay between squelch
off and timenQUt timer (TOT)
reset, at which lime a short
audio beep called a "roger
beep'* is sounded to tell the
repeater users that the TOT
has reset. This last feature
works wonders in dis-
couraging taiigaters from ex-
cluding breakers and emer-
gency traffic. In addition to
FM repeaters, there are a few

repeaters available for ATV
and RTTY, plus some linear
transponders. All German
two meter repeaters are ex-
tremety busy. Unless he has
an adequate command of the
German language, the
American ham in Germany
will usually avoid the re-
peaters and operate on the
simplex channels, with
145.550 MHz being the
standard frequency adapted
by the DA stations.

So far it would seem that
the VHF/UHF scene is ex-
clusively FM, but this is far
from true. Ttiere is heavy use
of two meter SSB, and it is
not unusual to work Austria,
Switzerland, Belgium, France,
Luxembourg, Holland, or
England on good days. Nor is
it unusual to talk to a two
meter station using a 1 5 Watt
transceiver and a 40 to 88
element yagi array! Also, the
Germans are heavily active on
OSCAR and, in fact, operate
a branch of AMSAT,
AMSAT-DL, which furnished
the mode "B" 70 cm to two
meter transponder now in
operation in OSCAR 7, In
fact, there are more active
mode B users in Europe than
in the whole UvS.A-

There are some FM re-
peaters appearing on the 23
cm band now, and several
groups are working with such
high frequencies as 10.5 GHz
microwave. But this is rela-
tively specialized and beyond
the scope of this article.

Those hams who aren*ton
the air talking may well be at
their benches building a
home brew project. Home
brewing is very popular,
especially at VHF and above,
and there is a whole subgroup
of hams devoted to this
aspecL There is even a maga-
zine, called i^HF Com-
munlcatfons, which is pub-
lished in both German and
English language versions four
times a year and is devoted to
home brew projects. The nice
thing about this particular
publication Is thai it offers as
a service the complete avail-
ability of critical parts and
printed circuit boards to
duplicate any project that has

been published. German
home brew equipment gen-
erally reflects a high standard
of technical sophistication
and construction technique
excellence*

If you have a radio fre-
quency interference problem,
don't despair- The
Bundespost has a large fleet
of specially equipped radio
test vans and friendly, help*
ful, proficient technicians
who can come to you and
evaluate your station and
transmitted signal. If you are
"clean/- German law requires
the owner of the TV, stereo,
antenna preamplifier, etc, to
fix his equipment by
shielding, grounding, and
filtering. Of course, if you are
at fault, you can be required
to install your own station
low pass filters, grounding,
etc., as may be required, plus
obey license restrictions until
you are clean, just as in the
U.S.A.

If you like to meet your
ham friends, look at the latest
commerciat equipment, or
buy some parts or kits^ have a
dinner with music and a live
dance band, you can do it all
at a German hamfest. Just as
tn the U,S*A*, these popular
occasions come in all sizes,
from large to small, ranging
from national to local in
scope. Not only are the
German fests categorized by
size, but they are also some-
times devoted to a particular
interest group. Can you
imagine a Dayton Hamfest
devoted to exclusively
VHF/UHF interests? In
Germany ^ one such event that
draws national attendance of
VHF/UHF enthusiasts is held
every autumn at Weinheimi
and is quite a feast for those
who like VHF/UHF FM, SSB,
commercial and home brew
equipment and antennas.

The national radio club,
the DARC, boasts a member-
ship of over 90% of
Germany's 25,000 hams and
offers a wide variety of
services. The club's national
magazine, CQ-DL, is pub-
lished monthly with 80 pages
and 30,000 copies- The club
is organized Into 19 districts,

each of which can have up to
50 local clubs* The club mag-
azine offers operating and
legal news on the internation-
al, national, and local fronts,
technical articles, etc., just
like any ham ma^zine. If
you think the new equipment
reviews written by the
American hams in American
magazines are worthwhile,
you should see the articles
written by the DARC engi-
neering staff after a checkout
in the club's lab. One com-
mercial Japanese all-mode
two meter transceiver that
got a one page review by an
American magazine received
an eleven page thoroughly
technical review by the
DARC!

Another service of the
DARC is an international and
national QSL bureau, which
handles cards sent and re-
ceived* Cards are processed
from the club and its allied
national QSL bureaus to the
individual district clubs. One
more service is a third party
insurance policy for hams to
cover damages; for example,
it might cover damages
caused by an antenna blowing
down or falling onto a neigh-
bor or his roof.

As mentioned earlier in
the article, the DARC works
extremely closely with the
German government. What
does all this cost? At first, the
anneal dues of 55 DM ($27)
seem like a lot, but when you
consider all the services avail-
able, as only partly men-
tioned above, it becomes
much more reasonable.

Incidentally, US. hams
stationed in Germany with
the military are generously
afforded reciprocity by the
DARC as a courtesy, which
means that the ham can defer
recetving the German lan-
guage CQ'DL Magazine and
the insurance policy, and still
use the full QSL bureau
services through a local
DARC club for only 11 DM
($4,60) a year. All it takes is
40 or more QSL cards sent
out by US. postage rates to
make the fixed charg^e look
good, and it looks even better
when you discover that, while

Frsquancy

35-3.8
7,0-7.1
14.0-14.35
21.0-21.45

28.0-29.7

144-146

430-440

Class A/ B modes

A1, A2. A3. A3J, F1, F3
A1 , A2, A3, A3J, F1, F3
Al, A2, A3. A3J, Ft,F3
At, A2, A3, A3 J, Ft, F3
A1,A2, A3, A3J, F1, F3
A1, A2, A3, A3J, F1, F3
A1. A2,A3, A3J, F1,F3

CfassC model

nont

npne

none

A3, A3J. F3

Table L Higher frequency bands are deleted.

Simplex: callmg/working fr«qy ancles

145,500/ 145.525/ 145.550/ 145.575

Re pea ten;

Channel

Input

Out|Mtt

1 45.000

145^600

145.025

145,625

145.050

145.650

145.075

145.675

145.100

145.700

145.125

145-725

145.150

145.750

145.175

145.775

145.200

145 800

145.225

145.825

Tab/e 2,

Two meter FM band p!an.

Simpfex: 435.0

Repeaters:

Channel

Input

Output

431.050

438.650

431.100

438.700

431.150

438.750

431 .200

438.800

431.250

438.350

431 .300

438.900

431.350

438.950

431.400

439,000

431.450

439,050

431 475

439075

Table 3, 70 cm FM band plan.

in the U.S. a first class letter
costs 13^, in Germany a first
class letter within the country
costs 21^, and international
European mail from Germany
costs 50^ or more. Nonethe-
lessi many American hams do
pay the full dues and enjoy
the full privileges of the
DARC. You*d be surprised
how well you can understand
the German language ham
magazine, even if you don't
**spricht Deutsch/* by look*
ing at the pictures and catch-
ing key words in the text;
after all, a dB or kHz in
English is the same in
German!

Speaking of clubs^ the larg-
est and most organized
American club in Germany is
the Wiesbaden Amateur
Radio Club. This club is head-
qu arte red in Wiesbaden,
Germany, has an inter-
national cast of members, but
is heavily composed of
Americans working in

Germany. This ARRL a:
iated club is associated with
its DARC counterpart local
club, and enjoys outstanding
cooperation and rapport with
the local German club and
the DARC. Members come
from over an hour's drive
away to attend the monthly
club meetings, and the club's
activities include the only
"Americanized" hamfest,
hetd once each May in
Germany, as a regular event*
The hamfest is an excellent
meeting place for hundreds of
German and American hams,
as well as those of several
other nationalities. It's a real
sight to see the German hams
eating the club's food con-
cession's barbecued ham-
burgers, while the American
hams eat worst and brotchen.
The hamfest has a technical
boothj where FM transceivers

are checked for frequency,
power, and deviation. Other
fest features enjoyed by all

are the flea market, door
prize raffle, and end*of-the-
day flea market auction, with

the lalter being especially
novel and enjoyed by the
German hams.

AlsOj of course, the club
offers code and theory classes
during the year. Since elimi-
nation of the mail exams^ it
has become harder to get new
hams or upgrade licenses^ but
the FCC has been very help-
ful by working with the
authorities to allow an
examiner to come to

Germany twice a year to give
commercial and amateur
exams* If you want to
talk to a club member, you1l
find him on 145.550 MHz
FM or on the club's repeater,
DA4FB, This open repeater is
the only one in Germany that
has a license granted to an
American-backed club, and
operates on channel 87^ as
per Table 3. So, by all means,
bring along your two meter
and 70 cm FM rigs when you
come to Germany.

As you can see, hamming

in Germany has a lot to offer.
fferhaps this article wilt allow
you to have a more meaning-
ful and interesting rag chew
with the next '^D" prefix
station you talk to, or, if you
are coming to Germany to
visit or work, you will be
better prepared to enjoy your
hobby more fully. The hams
in Germany and Europe are
very friendly and helpful, and
you are sure to en|oy your
next QSO or visit,

Tve had the pleasure of
living and hamming En

Germany for three years, and
would like to take this oppor-
tunity to express my deep
appreciation to at I the hams
in Germany, the DARC, and
the Wiesbaden ARC, for
making it so much fun and
for helping me to see another
aspect of my hobby. A
special thanks to Jean Binet
DC0HO/F0AOB and to Herb
B r as i n gton D Al KD/
WB4EWX for their help and
encouragement in the writing
of this article. Auf Wieder-
sehen! «

Same dsy shipment Fif 5,1 tine parls only. Faclory
tested Goarameed money back Ouatity IC'£ and
other components at faclory prices

RO. Bqi 443QM Sanla Giara, €A 950&4

(408) 9a8-164D

INTEORATED CIRCUITS

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32^-230'F Disposaiile probe coyif _ ^
accuracy Ccinp. assy in

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Indudies »«fyit)ing €xc£p1 case 2 -PC
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lull ^nsiJ-Lictioni^ Sanie clcdi til with .SC
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Digital Temperature MeterKit

Indoor and ourd^ar Au^
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Clock Gaiendar Kit SI 9J5

CT7015 dirBd cfrive thip (Jtsplay^ date
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cator. Aiarm/doiB (^eature includes buz-
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1977 IC Update Master

Manual Complete UttlORrtHt drotit
dati MifOor tiiMn d nuruifictunrs
T.234 pape inis^ retennct gukte to
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&D Hz Crystal Time Base

Kit S4.75 Ganven^ d^o^ d«ct>«
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CPU mode and four CPU states Sing re
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smir, 256 Sytis of RAM, »dto imp. A
£pkr Pender assy. fFOfi. «M board &
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RCA Cosmac VIP Kit 275 00

Vldw camputer with oarn^and graphics.

Home Alarm Kit $18 J5

tlesaigiied tor use wiOv dcdfonic sifcn
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FlII &^)c digii b(]ttisry operar&d 2-5 vdlts,
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splfcl and Taylo*^. 7205 chip, all comf»o-
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2.5 MHz Frepeni;^ Counter Kit

w'PC bo^. parts & full insdmi; SiLSB
Fully wired artd tested SS7.50

Povv^r supply kit Imd PC board) St. 50

Orfginal Cosfnac aF' kit

Aicn PC tKiajd. monttDf. poiMflf aippty
pJus J] I parts and iittiftioa. fil.it
3{]ard mify 14.^

30 MHi Frequency Counter Kit

Same bds.lc CMOS couriler as abdva pJus
level cdntrols and dual FET Inputs. Pr^
scalabfe lo 200 MHz vyiih PC b^ard and
full insrrucbons s*7 7S

hjlty wrr^ and ti^lsd. ^7 ,75

Power supp^ kit (ind PC boards SI 50

4^ Oigit OMM m S85.Q0

VoFls— ohms— niilhamfitef accuracy ^ i
count Ranges Voiis— 2, 20, 2O0 Onms
— 2K. 2 meg, 20 map Ma— 200, 2000
4" display, ytrlablo update rais Comp
w/parts^ PC bDarcts. insfcucts., less case

Auto Clock Kit S15.95

DC dock «riin 4- ^' (ftsplrys Uses
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TERMS; $5.00 mjn, order OS. Funds, Caili residflnls idd 6% tax, ^|£- ggnj f^, your copw ol o«r 1977

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2K JS MM-' VM rettfivei \\\\\\ 2
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RF3B KtT .
RJ- SO Kil ,
RF|44n Kit

R I- 3 2 on Kit

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IF 10,7F Kit

FM455 Kil-
AS2 Kil , .

accessory Olter fur ubove receiver kits

glvtfs 70 dR adpceiit Lihsrine]

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10 mtr RF fr<ml end 10.7 MHr »ut 1 Z.SO
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4 J2 MHr RF front tfnd tO,7 MHf

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TXSOW/1 - .

TX144B Kit .
TX144B V^;T
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transmittvr Ciciier, I wjU.tjmtr^ 39. 9S

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TX432H Kit -
TX4J2BW^
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transmitter exciter 4 J2 MHz - , J9.95

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2 mtr pTiwer jtmp— kil |w in-2Sw

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2 mtr power amp lOvv in -40w

out-relay iwilchini;^ S9,95

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6 mtr pcnveT amp. 1 w in. 25w oyt.

le^s case, cunnectUT^ & vi^ilchitig . 49^95

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same ^ Pa 144/15 kit but 25w . . 49.9S

simibr lo PA 144/1 S fat 220 MHt J?. 95
power amp -Similar iti J' A 144/15

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30w in- l40w i?ut-2 mtr amp .. 159.95

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Blue tine
Mod«l

KF pawer ^mp, wired ^ tested. emissiDii—

t'W^FM-SSB/AM

Power Power

Inpui Oiitput

BLC
BLC
BLC
BLC
BLD
BLD
BLD
HLt:
BLE
BLF
BLF

10/70

2/70

10/150

30/1 SO

2/*0

10/60

10/120

10/40

2/40

jo/eo
to/so

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144 iVfHz
144 MHz
144 MHi
144 MHz
220 MHz
220 MHz
220 MHz
420 MHz
420 MHt
420 MHz
420 MHz

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low

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tow

low

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I50W

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259,95
239.95
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PS ISC Kit

PS15CW/T . .
PS25C Kit , , ,

;35CW/T , .
llSfA Kit. . .

ps:

PSISI
PS2SM W/T

1 5 amp- 1 2 volt reeulated pt>wer sup-
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2 5 jnip'|2 volt regulated power sup-
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same as above- wfred & tented . . 149^95
same as PS2 5C with meters . . ^ . E49.9S
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vJ ■ V ■ M^ 4 ■ ■ +

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J'S3012 W/T

addi mrer vnlta^e prcilectiart to your
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new coinmei-ciat duty 30 amp 12 VDC
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overvottaiee prtilection ..... 239.95

RPTSO Kil. ,
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RPTt44 KU ,

RPT220 Kit ,

RPT432 Kit .

RPTI44 W/T

RPT22 0 W/T
RPT432 W/T
PPLASO

repealer— 6 rtieier . . , , ^ . . . . . 465.95

rEpeaier-6 meter, wired & tested 695.95

repeater- 2 mtf— 1 5w -complete

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DPLAJ44 .
l)PLA220 -

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,. duu hie shielded duple ler flab] es

with PL2S9 c<*nneciti« <pr.> , . . 25-00
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DPLA432 .
DSC'U . . .

TRXSO Kit

TRXI44 Kit
TRX220Klt
TRX432 Kit

TRC-l . . .
TRC-2 , . .

Complete i> mtr KM truni^ceiver kit^
20w oul, I Q chiinnel sc»n with ca&e

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same as above, but 2 mtr & ISw out 2 19,95
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transceiver case only . » , «^ » < , 19.95
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SYN II Kil

SYN U W/T . ,
MO] Kit. . . .
TO 1 Kit. . , .

2 mtr synthesizer, ir^nsmitt offsets
rogrammabte from 1 00 KHz - 1 0 MHz,
Muti uffitetA with ctptionjil

adapterij) . . ♦ 169.95

&anie UK above— wired & tested . . 2.19.95
Mars/cap offset optiunul ...... 2.50

1 S MH ?

SYNTHESIZERS

optional triplet

2.50

HT I44B Kit

NICAD. , , ,
BCt 1

Rubber buck

2 mtf, 2w, 4 chsiineil, tiand t»eld transceiver
with cry stats for 146.52 simplex. . 139.95
b^ittery pack, 11 VDC. 'i amp. . . 29,95
battery charfet for above ..... 5,9 S
2 mtri with mate BNC cfinnectox . 1 2.95

WALKIE-TALKIES

OTHER PRODUCTS BY VHF ENGINEERING

€01 Kit . .

Ci>2 Kit . .

t IJ3 Kit . .

tt3R2 Kit .
iR 3 Kit . -

Crysiub . •

CWEO Ktl .

cwm . .

Mli 1 . .

T*ii W/T. .
TSI W/1 .

Tn3 Kit . ,

TIKI w, a ,
Hn44 W/T

HI 22U W/T
HI 4.12 W/l

to chunnc'l receive iiit^l dt;4'k

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to cha!incl xmir deck w/swiictt

jriU Iriixtmet-^ 14.95

VHy vftsion of Cni deck, needed

fcic 432 multi-channel nper^liita 12.95

curtier operated f eta y, *.,,.« 19.95

10 chjnnet auio-ikcan aidapler

for HX wtih priority .,,..,. 19.95

we Mfick most repeater and ilmple^

pjjrsfrom 1 4(j.O" l47-f> feach>. . 5.00

15'i* hit, field prt^grammahle, code iden-

1 hull
in tImLfri

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39,95
54. SIS

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v^'JrciS lirid iir-sicil, p3Mi|!Tijmnu-Ll ,

2,000 ohm dyn;imic niiki- ivirh

I'.l . t. and ctiH ciifd . 12. MS

tone Jk|uetch decoder , 59^95

ui^talled in repe:itiT, iriL'fudin^f

interface stcLiessonei 119.95

1 tone dectider , , 29.95

4^me ;is aNivc wired & tested 39,95
4 pide helical re'h'^iiMitdf. wired & tested,

iwept luned to I 44 MHz hjn . . 24.95

sui m e Lt!i 3 bov e tu ne d to 2 2 0 M 1-1 / ban 24. 9 5

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iTidsirr cuaig^

HSii

iff enain^^'^'na

DfVlSlOlV OF BROimiAN ELECTRONJCS CORP.

BOX S / 320 WATER ST. / BLNCHAMTON, N.Y, 13901 / Phone 607-723-9574

auHJUilffllCldllt

Herb Brasington WB4EWK/DA1KD
301 GemmiDriv^
Satellite B&ach FL 32955

The DA4FB Story

-- American repeater in Germany

SCnuEs

:¥»

HILES

* I KM

10 20 30 40 50 60

FRANKFURT

I^£IN-|^IN AB

DARMSTADT

HANNHEIH
HEIDELBERG

FRAKCE

JCARLSRUHE

Fig, h Arm of coverage of DA4FB 70 cm repeater^ with major dlies and USAF military
inswlla lions indicated. The antenna is at a height of 800 meters (2624 feet), and has a cardioid
pattern oriented toward Frankfurt.

How do you draw to
gather amateurs who
are spread over a large geo-
graphical area (4700 square
miles) and provide for reliable
communications among
them? One obvious solution
to this problem is the instal-
lation of an FM repeater. But,
when you consider that the
geographical area of concern
is in the Federal Republic of
Germany, and that the major-
ity of the amateurs are
Americans, the solution to
the problem is a little more
complex.

Members of the US
Wiesbaden Amateur Radio
Club (USWARC), a large
group of amateurs composed

heavily of Americans living
and working in West
Germany, began discussing
this problem in ^4ay, 1976- A
repeater committee was
formed^ and various members
of the club and committee
were tasked to begin to look
for a suitable site, secure
equipment, and apply for the
station license.

The area of desired cover-
age was so large that a central
location for the repeater was
necessary. The terrain con-
sists mainly of rolling hills,
and is divided almost in half
by a range of mountains that
runs northe ast/south west
through the area. Jerry
Stewart K5CFQ/DA1HZ was
able to secure permission to
imtall the proposed repeater
at a military communications
site near the center of the
area. The site is on a 2300-
foot mountain J has a 300-
foot microwave tower, is
manned 24 hours a day, and
has emergency backup
generators. What more could
be asked for?

Preliminary negotiations
were initiated with Deutsch-
tand Amateur Radio Club
(DARC) officials for the
authority to install and oper-
ate a repeater. The FTZ divi-
sion of the Deutsche Bundes-
post (DBP, the German
equivalent of the FCC) will
issue a license for a repeater
only if the license application
has been coordinated with

the DARC The DARC
analyzes the application and
insures sufficient separation
between repeaters (both in
frequency and distance) be-
fore giving the OK to the
FTZ to issue the license. The
DARC makes the frequency
assignments and tells the FTZ
what frequency pair is to be
on the license. As you can
see, the DARC is a very
powerful or^nization. But
their power is welf directed^
and repeater wars are almost
nonexistent in Germany.

DARC officials indicated
that the 2 meter band was
extremely crowded and that
they could only agree to a
repeater in operation on the
70 centimeter band (430-440
MHz). The USWARC dis-
cussed this proposal and
agreed that a 70 cm repeater
was acceptable.

The search for equipment
then began in earnest. About
the only rig available at first
was the VHP Engineering 70
cm repeater The projected
cost of the repeater, coax,
antennai control logic,
duplexer and miscelfaneous
parts soon grew to over
$1000, and the repeater
committee started looking for
fundraising projects.

Some of the USWARC
members are associated with
Motorola GmbH, and high
level corporate management
was informed of the club's
repeater pfofect- Soon, a
rebuilt 70 cm MOT RAG
repeater, complete with con-
trol logic, duplexer, and 350
feet of 7/8*' foam coaxj was
donated to the club by the
corporation!

By this time, ei^t months
had passed since first dis-
cussion of the project, and
the committee was ready to
install the repeater antenna.
A CushCraft 4-poie phased
array was purchased, and it
was decided that the cardroid
paUcrn should be directed
toward Frankfurt (as that
city was the farthest distance
from the site in the area of
desired coverage). Installation
was planned for the first
weekend in December. (Why
do all complex antenna proj-

ects have lo be accomplished
in the winter?) The weather
cooperated, and the weekend
turned out to be clear and
cold. Normally, German
winter weather would prevent
anyone from seeing the lop
of the tower from ground
leveL The job was time-
consumlna with the instal-
lation of the heavy coax
being the major back-breaker.
The antenna was placed
about 5 feet below the top of
the tower, a definitely im-
pressive location with a
commanding view of the
countryside-

The repeater was installed
in a new upright cabinet^ and
work began on the control
logic to conform with DARC
standards. At about the same
lime, the repeater frequency
pair was changed by the
DARC due lo complaints to
the DBP by a repealer group
who had previously operated
a machine on the frequency
pair assigned to the USWARC
in the same general location
as the club's repeater site. A
new pair on standard channel
R87 was assigned to the club,
with input on 431.475 MHz
and output on 439.075 MHz.
This provided 25 kHz sepa-
ration from the next adjacent
channel (R86} and is the first
such channel assignment in

Germany. New frequency
elements wer^ purchased for

the machine, and work con-
tinued.

Finally^ all the modifi*
cations were complete and
the repeater was tuned and
adjusted for proper oper-
ation. The only remaining
items were the repeater
license and correct pro-
gramming of the ID unit,
which is a little tough with-
out the correct callsign. The
wail for the license seemed
eternal, and was due to slight
confusion over what the
correct licensing office was,
since the ctub^ trustee, and
repeater were in different
DBP administrative areas-
This was cleared up, and in
the third week of March,
1977, the license was issued
with the callsign DA4FB.
This is another **firsi,'* as al[
other repeater callsigns in
Germany have DB0 prefixes.
Thc DA prefix simpiy reflects
the American club's oper-
ation under the German-
American reciprocal licensing

agreement.

The ID unit w^ pro-
grammed, and the machine
went into test operation for a
week before being trans-
ported to the site* On April 9,
1977» the repeater was in-
stalled on-site» and DA4FB

became the first American-
sponsored repeater to be
licensed and in operation in
the Federal Republic of
Germany.

The repeater system was
designed to give base station
to base station coverage over
most of the area depicted in
Fig. 1, It was soon found that
coverage was better than that
planned for. Solid mobile
operations are possible within
about 30-40 miles of the
repeater site, A five Watt base
station with an eleven ele-
ment beam is able to fully
quiet the repeater receiver
from Rhein-Main Air Base
near Frankfurt, a distance of
72 miles from the site. A
mobile station using a ten
Watt transceiver and a 5 dB
gain mobile antenna has
copied the repeater signal
with full quieting in the city
of Heidelberg, a distance of
75 miles. Occasionally, a QSO
will be conducted with a
station outside of the de-
picted area. One station,
D C 5 N B , I oca ted in
Aschaffenburg, is a regular on
the repeater. He is 97 miles
from the site, and uses two
91-clement yagis: one for
transmit and one for receive.
(The Europeans are big on
VHF, UHF, and microwave
wofk.

Marly American hams
reside in the covera^ area,
but not too many are active
on the 70 cm band. Many US

Army installations and all
major USAF installations in
Germany are within range of
the repeater. Kaiserslautern
boasts the largest American
community outside the US,
with over 50^000 Americans,
AH hams are invfted to use
the open repeater and also
join in the activities of the
USWARC. If any further
information is needed about

the club or the repeater^ con-
tact the club vice president at
the following address: Jean
Binet DC0HO/F0OAB, In

den Hafcrwiesen #30, 6506
Nackenheim, West Germany,
Many of the club members
participated in this project
and, without everyone
working together, the job
would have taken much
longer and probably would
not have enjoyed such
success* The following is a list
of the hams who devoted
their time and energy to the

USWARC repeater project:
Mike Baker W8CM/DA1BM,
Carl Beckenbach WAILHW/
DAITT, Tex Bell WDSBGA/
DAI 80, jean Binet F0OAB/
DC<?HO, Herb Brasington
WB4EWX/DA1KD, jerry
Cole WA7YMR/DAIJC,
Chuck Elquist W6JIF/
DAIBZ, Ed Goldsby
W3JKL/DA1UC, Terry
Huston WA8RYC/0A1TH,
Gerhardt Pless DCSCX, joe
Roman WB7CCK/DJ9NA,

Jerry Stewart K5CFQ/

DAI HZ, John Stohel

WOT FOR EVERYONE. . .

Model 703A -

$269*95

ONLY For The Purist

• RUGGED

• Seven Elements

• Three Bands (10 15-20)

• Single Feed Line

• Flexible Tuning

• Close To Mono-Bander Specs
With Optimum Spacing Fon

High Forward Gain
High F:B & F;S Ratios

For Specifications Wnte To:

BROOKFIELD MANUFACTURING CO.

50 Whippoorwill Road

Bethel. CT 06801

(203) 792 8944 B13

COMPLETE YOUR SHACK

THE PERFECT ACCESSORY

PROFESSIONALIZE YOUR STATION

Avoid interruptions tit home— your family and friends will know youVe
•*ON THE AIR'%

Mounf on desk or above door at your station*' a djusf able
mounting bracket included.

Plexiglass face plate enclosed in
black satin-finbh steel case.

1 Vi-inch brilliantiy iltuminoted
RED letters. Unit siier T0V4" x

AN OUTSTANDING GIFT ITiM.

aAKS] NOT iKm^

S^F AMATEUR RADIO SERVICES S33

P.O. BOX 10-20 GATEWAY STATION
CULVER CITY, CA 90230

Please send ^sfgns Cu- $15.95 eoch.

Post Paid— checit or money order enclosed.
Colif, residents odd 6%.

Pl£A5£ PRINT

Noni«

Address.

City

SNi!e_

?'P-

WB7CVU/DA1AY.

Special thanks are due to
Mike Baker, who was the
design engjneeri mastermind,

and driving force for the
whole project Without the
multi'linguistjc talents of
Jean Binet and Carl Bee ken-
bach, the liaison work with
the DARC and the DBP
would have been difficult
indeed The USWARC wouid
also like to express its un-
failing gratitude to Motorola
GmbH for its complete sup-
port of the repeater proiect- ■

DISCOUNTS

MIDLAND • CUSHCRAFT
NYE • STANDARD • TEMPO
HUSTLER • TRhEX TOWER

CDE Rotors • Shure • Astatic
Antenna Inc. ■ BW * Hy- Gain

Monthly Specials!

rHEPAID

MIDLAND sM,PfiNO

13-510 2M 25 w Synthesiier 339"
13-509 220 MKz lOw 12ch 138*'
13-505 2M 30w 12 ch T89'*

'|gg:FREE CATALOG

ADVANCE
A41 SOUND

COMPANY, INC

(Mft) 667-0973

7t1 DEEI PARK RD!
DIX HILLS NY 11746

CSdc Silicon Rectifier Modules

« VoEtagt ratings up m 2O.€Q0 volis
m Currant mingt up ta 6.0 amp

GENERAL ftiailC

• Wfdt wwty 9' skifviand s^sf^nn im^itJft kf ronfij^' i

• B-ziih slsntlwd power tme. Irmcncy ana t^&. sntEFi -g

• Cfipibi« ^ nptackft iTiany other minufaciuFefs' tytvl
w?ifCli are rm \tmg» availaUt «ii^ n til^on retr^f'ti
kf tube typfis B56, 87Z 8020. «te

9 CuStcrtn dc^i^fis Af\ti engineering ^rvtices

• Appkicablft la higher rEliabiliti' appUcjations ^wh as In-
dustri.31 tC5ntrnt syst&ms, communication flquipmenl, ham
radic5 gear, ;amokE stack ptKipitrilors, etc

FOft MORt FN FORM AT JON CONTACT^
CONDITION ING StMJCONOUtTOft DtVtCES CORP.
P«f Offic* %an N«. ai6 Woyn*, N* J. 07470

T*laprton«: 30U227'aS39 q^ ^

TEMPO

MORE POWER

25 OR 5 WATTS OUTPUT SELECTABLE

REMOTE TUNING/

ON MICROPHONE

NEW LOWER PRICE/

NOW ONLY S399.00

SIDEBAND OPERATIOIV WITH SSB/ONE adapter / MARS
OPERATIOIM CAPABILITY/ 5 KHz NUMERICAL LED

The Tempo VHF/One Plus is a VHF/FM transceiver for dependable communication on the 2 meter
amateur band • Full 2 meter coverage, 144 to 148 MHz for both transmit and receive • Fuii phase lock
synthesized (PLL)# Automatic repeater split — selectable up or down • Two built-in programmable
channels • All sotid state • 800 selectable receive frequencies with simplex and +600 KHz transmit

frequencies for each receive channel.

^^^Br."

PO FMH-2, FMH-5 &
FMH-42(UHF)

6 channel capabil-
ity • selectable 1
or 2 - 1 or 5 Watts
output* Solid-state

• Battery level met-
er • Earphone jack

• Built-in charging
terminals and sep-
arate chargmg jack
forNi-cad batteries

• Flex antenna •
Carrying case stan-
dard • Excelfent
frequency stability
allows use with
booster amplifter
for high power out-
put over 100 Watts
m 8 A A batteries or
10 AA Ni-cadsf

''Noi furrii$hiid.

I^CC Type accepted modeis
aval labia.

TEMPO

VHF & UHF AMPLIFIERS

VHF t135 to 175 MHz)

Dnve Power

Output

Model No.

Price

1 30W

1 30Aa2

$199

low

130W

130A10

SI 79

30W

130W

130 A 30

$189

SOW

80A02

S169

low

8QW

80 A TO

S149

30W

SOW

80 A 30

SI 59

UHF (400 to

512 MH2

Drive Power

Oulpiit Model f\

\o. Price

70W

70D02

S270

low

70W

70D10

S250

30W

70W

70D30

S210

40W

40D02

SV80

low

40W

40O10

ST45

low

10002

£125

FCC Type accepted modeis a^ajJabie.

TEMPO

POCKET

RECEIVERS

MS"2, 4 channel scan-
ning receiver for VHF
high band, smallest unit
on the market. MR-2
same size as MS-2 but
has manual selection of
12 channels. VHF high
band. MR-3, miniature
2-channeJ VHF high
band monitor or paging
receiver. MR-3U, single channel on
the 400 to 51 2 UHF band. All are
ow priced and dependable.

Sold at Tempo dealers throughout the U.S. and abroad. Please call or write

for further in format ron. prices subject to change without notice

11^40 W Olyitipic Blvd., I.09 Angeles,

Calit 90064
93 1 N, Euctfcf, Ansheim, CaJ^I. 92801
Busier. Missouri B4730

213/477-6701
714/772-92^
016/679-^127

^ H3

YD-B44
Dynamic Mike

ADVANCED COMMUNICATION

EQUIPMENT

QTR-24
World Clock

Left to right - FRG-7, SoMd State Synthesized Communications Receiver • FR-101 Digital, Solid State Receiver • SF-101B,
Speaker • FR-101, Digital Solid State Receiver • FL-101p 100 W Transmittef * FL-2100B, 1200 W PEP Input Unear Amplifier

Left to right - FT-620B, 6 Meter Transceiver • YP-150, Dummy Load Wattmeter • YO-100, Monitor Scope • FTV'250,
2 Meter Transverter • FTV-^50, 6 Meter Transverter • FV-101B, External VFO • FT^IOIE 1 60-1 OM Transceiver

Left to right - YG-601, Digital Frequency Display • YC-3550, Frequency Counter • FP-301, AC Power Supply • FT-301S
Digital, All Solid Stat© Transoerver • FV-301, External VFO • FT-221, 144-148 All Solid State All Mode Transceiver

USED GEAR • TRADE UP • FREE UPS SHIPPING ON PREPAID ORDERS

THE PACESETTER
IN AMATEUR RADIO

TS^VeOA

5599.00

2M ALl MODE BASE/MOBILE TRANSCEIVER,
SSB (upper and lower), FM, AM and CW, AC and
DC. ^ MHz bind coversgs (144 to 148 MHz). Dial
m receiver fr&quency and TS'700A automatitalfv
switches xmiliir freq. SOO KHi fof repeater
QperBtion. Xmit, Rev capabilitv an 44 Ch. wi^ It
xtils.

TR'7400A

$399.00

ZM MOBILE TRANSCEIVER. Synthesized PLL.
Selectable output, 25 watts or 10 watts. 6 Digit
LED freq. display. 144'14fi WiHi. 800 CH, in 5
KHz nepL 600 KHz tepeatfir olfset. Continuoui
toi>e-coded squelch (CISC). Tom Burst.

TS-B20

S869.00

SSfl TRANSCEIVER. PLL Rf Monitor Noise
Blanker. Digital hofd tock$ taunter & disfilay at
4ny frequency, but allows VFD to tune normally.
True RF compressor adjustable speech processor.
IF shift control. RF attenuator. VOX, GAIN,
ANTtVOX and VOX delay cuntrols. HF negative
f^back. OptiunaP digital readout DRS Dial. High
stability FET VFD.

TS520S

S79J0

POWER SUPPLV FOR
TRBIOO. Designed espe-
cially for home QTH-

TR720OA

$&49.0Q

SSfl TRANSCEIVER, Proven in thi shacks of
thousands ol discriminating hams, field day sites,
DX and conttst ftationi and mobttt installations.
Superb eogineering and styling

SP520 $28.00

optional external speaker far batter readability^

TV-5D2 $249.00

TRANSVERTER, Puts yoy on m the easy way.
144-145.7 MHz or [optional 145-146 MHi.

$249.00

m MOBILE/BASE FM TRANSCEIVER. Ignition
interference control. 2 pole Xtal filter in IF rcvr.
Protection tor final stage transistor & reverse
polafiiy cnnnecOons. Priority Ch. switch. Quick
release mnynf, LED CH, indtcatort, Switchable
low or 1W output

MC50

$39.50

Dynamic micrnphnne designed expressly for ama-
teur radio operation. Complete with PTT and
LOCK swiidiei, and a microphone plug. {SQO or
5 Ok ofim)

VF042a

CQMMUNICATIOMS RECEIVER, 1.8 to 29.7
MHz. WWV and CB hand. 50 MHz, lUMHzcon-
werref optional Stable VFO & osciilator for 5
fixed chaniels. 1 KHz dial riadoul. Xtal filters
(SSB/3 pole, CW/B pole, AM/G pole}. Squelch.
S meter. Noise b Ian! er.

S-raa $19.94 R 5990 $499.00 T 599 A $499.90

SSB TRANSMITTER. 3.5 to 29.7 MHz. Stable
VFQ, 1 KHz dial readout, B pole Xtal filter. AM
X miss ion available. Built in AC pwr supply. Split
tfmiiency corvtrol availabli.

$145,00

Designed ex clu lively for use with T$'920. RIT
circun and control switch. Fully compatible with
optional digital display.

VFQ-S20 (NotStiown) $115,09

Solid State Remote VFO. RIT drcutl mth LED
indicator.

TR-2Z00A

sa2d,oo

PORTABLE m FM TRANSCEIVER. 12 Ch.
capacity. Removable telescoping antenna. External
12 VDC or internal NUCAD batteries. 145-1 4 B
MHz. S CH, supplied. Switdiabfe 2W or 4a0mW
output.

R^300

ALL BAND COMfiAUNICATIONS RECEIVER.
AC, batterias or external DC. 170 KHz to 30 MHz
in 6 bands. Foreip broadcasts or ftem radio in
fm, SSB and CW. Dual gate MOS/FET transistors
& double conversian. Band spread dial 500 KHz
markef.

MASTERCHARGE & BANKAMERtCARD ACCEPTED

DIVISION OF TREVOSE ELECTRONICS

4033 Brownsville Rd • Trevose. Pa. 19047

DRAKE

KNOWN FOR QUALITY
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

RECEIVERS

SSR-I

General Coverage, .5 to 300 MHz

$350.00

SPR-4

Programmable, Solid State

$699,00

DSR-2

VtF-HF Digital Synthesized SSB,

AM, CW, ISB, RTTY

$3200.00

R-4C

C-Line, HF, 160-10M

$699.00

4NB

Noise Blanker for R-4C

$74.00

5NB

Noise Blanker for SPR-4

$80.00

TRANSMITTER

T-4XC

C-Line, HF, 160-1 OM

$699.00

TRANSCEIVERS

TR-4CW

80-10M. SSB, AM, CW

$799.00

TR-33C

2M, FM, 12 CH. Portable

S229.95

MMK-33

Mobile/Dash/ Desk Mount for TR-33C

$12.95

34PNB

Plug-In Noise Blanker for TR-4 Series

$100.00

MMK-3

Mobile Mount for TR-4

$7.00

RV-4C

Remote VFO for TR-4 CW

$170.00

FF-1

Crystal Control for TR-4

$46.95

SYNTHESIZER

FS-4

Gtneral Coverage for 4* Line and
SPR-4

$300.00

LINEAR AMPLIFIER

L-4B

Linear and w/power supply 8e tubes $995.00

MATCHING NETWORKS

MN-4
MM 2000
RCS-4

W-4

WV4

7072

7075

1525EM

HS-1

AA-10

TV300-HP

TV-75-HP

TV-42'LP

TV-3300 LP

TV-5200LP

la Matching Network. 200W Si 20.00
Antenna Matching Network. 1000W S250.00
Remote Control Antenna Switch $120.00

R F Wattmeter, 1 .8 to 54 MHz
RF Wattmeter, 20 to 200 MHz
Hand Held Microphone
Desk Top Microphone
Push-button Encoding Microphone
Head Phones
low, 2M Amplifier
300 ohm High Pass TV Set Filter
75 ohm High Pass TV Set Filter
Transmitter Low Pass Filter. lOOW
Transmitter Low Pass Filter* 1000W
Transmitter Low Pass Filter. tOOOW.
100W. 6M

$79.00
$89.00
$19.00
$39.00
$49.95
$1000
S49.95
$10.60
$13.25
$14.60
$26.60

$26-60

USED GEAR • TRADE UP • FREE UPS SHIPPING ON PREPAID ORDERS

COLLINS AMATEUR EQUIPMENT

KWM 2A TRANSCEIVER S3533,D0

UnmatchBd for mobile and fixed station appdcations, 17BW
on SSB, 160W on CW. Switch select up to 14 optional XtaU.
Can be u^ed for RTTY. Filter type SSB generation. Automatic
load controip Inverse RF feedback. Beimeability -tuned variable
oscillator.

75S-3C RECEIVER $2504.00

Sharp selectivity, SSB, CWand RTTY, Single control rejection
tuning. Variable 6FO. Optional mechanical filters for CW,
RTTY and AIV1. 2.1 KHz mechanical filter. Zener regulated
oscillators. 3«po£ition AGC,

32S-3A TRANSMITTER $2957.00

Covers all ham bands between 3.4 MHz and 30 MHz. Nominal
output of 100W. 175W, SSB and 160W CW, Dual conversion,
Automatic load control. RF inverse feedback, CW spotting
control. Collins mechanical filter.

31 SB-} SPEAKER
$80.00

30L-1 LINEAR AMPLIFIER

$1536.00

1000 Watts PEP on SSB and 1000 Wet rs average on CW.SSB end CW^cov^s the 30,
40, 20, 15, and 10m bands - general coverage use, too. Autsmatic (ofld central
provider nfiBKimum talking power withoyt over-drivinQ and distDrtion. Grounded
grid Unaar amplifisr using four B11A triodes, instamly hiaied, no warm-up delay.
Usei an exclusive comparator circuit opiated by adjusting tuning and Joading
controls.

31SB-4
SPEAKER CONSOLE

$54^.00

312B-5 VFO CONSOLE
$1213.00

Sf6F-9 AC POWER SUPPLY
$440.00

30SC-3 DIRECTIONAL WATT METER

$360.00

DL-1 DUMMY LOAD
$St70.00

MASTERCHARGE & BANKAMERICARD ACCEPTED

DIVISION OF TREVOSE ELECTRONICS

4033 Brownsville Rd • Trevose, Pa. 19047

A^£M^ ve inr Jft K riTiHMi irtWArwAAf II |]

BAWi THRULINE® WATTMETER

• BUY ONLY THE ELEMENTS YOU NEED
AND ADD EXTRA RANGES AT ANY TIME

• READ RF WATTS DIRECTLY

Table 1

STANDARD
ELEMENTS

Power

MODEL 43

100

2S0

5C»

lOtO

2^00

5000

watts

watts
watti
watts
watts
w^ns
watts
watts
watt»

Fr^uency Bands iMHzj

25-
60

so-
las

100-
2S0

200-
500

400'
1000

50H

100H

250H

SOOH

lOOOH

250OH

5000H

5A
IDA
2SA

50A

100 A

250A

500A

1000A

toe

258

100B

socm

1000B

IOC
25 C

soc

100C
250C
500C

1000C

100

25D

500

1D0D

250D

500O

ItXJOD

SE
10€
25E
SOC

TOOE

250E

500E

IDOOt

Table 2

LOW.

POWER

ELEMENTS

1 wall

Cat ISO,

2.S walti

Cal. No,

60-80 MHz

060-1

W-m MHi

obo-a

80-95 MHi

OBO-1

80^5 MHz

0»2

55-125 MHi

095-1

95-150 MHz

095-2

110-160 MHi

110-1

150-250 MH J

150^2

150-250 MHz

TSO-1

200^ K» MHz

2Qfh2

200-300 MH I

200-1

25(M50MHi

2S^2

275-450 MHi

275-1

40C^850 MHz

ma-2

425-850 MH2

425-1

800-950 MHz

800-2

000-950 MHz

800-1

WE HAVE A COMPLETE STOCK OF ALL BIRD WATTMETERS AND SLUGS

NATIONAL RADIO COMPANY, INC.

NRCI

NCX-1000

Tha only tODO wstt, "single packaye"
transceiv&r. Heavy duty design . - . results
of 50 years of design leadership in amateur
equipment. State of the an speech pro-
Ctssin§, linear amplifier, power aipply. sH
in OTte package. Nothing eiccra to buy^
Covers all amatetjr bands in th« HF
mettrum . . . AM, SS' CW' $1^600

NCL-2000

Linear Amplifier. A Full 10 dB gain. 20
watts in 200D watts out. Can be driven
wrth one watt. Continuous duty design
yiilizes two BI22 ceramic tetrode output
tubes, designed for botti AM and SSB
operation. Tlie indu^ry standard for 12
years. Thousands in use a II over the world.

$1 ,200

HRO^SOO

1 H i

The ultimate shor( wave receiver. This synthesized {phase lock loop) rgceJver mcorpo-
rates all fadlitiei for AM, Single Side Band (SSB), and CW receipt ion in ail frequencies
from the bottom of the very low ffequency band (VLF) to the lop of the high fre-
quencY band (HF). Nationars "dead accurate" dial means no searching for tnns-
minions. Dial up ttie frEquency ^rid it'$ there: aeronautical, marine, CB^ amatetif,
military, etc* Continuous coverage. ^ ^ * ^ ^

$3,000

USED GEAR • TRADE UP • FREE UPS SHIPPING ON PREPAID ORDERS

•

ICOM

VHF/UHF AMATEUR
& MARINE EQUIPMENT

VHF/UHF AMATEUR

&f\/EAHINE EQUIPMENT

lC-245. 146 MHz FM TOW XCVR, LSI
synthesizer with 4 digit LED readout.
Xmit & Rev frequencies independently
programmable, 60 dB spurious mtenua-

^'^" $499.00

IC21S. 2 METER FW PORTABLE.

Three narrow filters for superb perform-
ance, 3W or 400 mW. 15 CH. capacity.
MOS FET RF Amp & 5 tuned ckts,
S-meter front paneL $729 OR

IC'2t1

tC-2Tl. 4 MEG, IVfULTlMOOE 2M
XCVR. 144 145 MHz on SSB & CW,
plus 146^147 MHz on FM. Work AMAT
OSCAR six or seven. LSI synthesizer
with 7 digit LED. ^/lOS FET RF Amp,
5 helical cavities, FET mixer & 3 I.F.
filters $749.00

$249.00

iC-502. 6 METER SSB & CW PORTA*
BLE XCVR. Includes antenna Si battery
pack, 3W PEP & stable VFO for fun &
FB QSOV Covers first 8Q0 KHz of 6M
band, where most activity is.

$299.00

IC'2ZS. 14E MHz FM lOW XCVR, CMOS synthesizer can be ml to any 15 KHz ch. between
14G 8i 148 MHz by diode matrix board. Spurious attenuation far better than FCC spec. 10W
or 1W. IDC modulation controL

IC'21 A. 146 MHz FM lOW XCVR, MOS
FET RF Amp 8i 5 helical resonator
filter, plus 3 I.F, fillers, IDC modulation
control Variable output pwr: 600 MW
to lOW Front panel rfiscrimmaiDr meter,
SWR bridge. 117 VAC and 13.6 VOC

pmsuppl.es. $399.00

DV-21. DIGITAL VFO. Use with IC-
2VA to complete 2M band.

$299.00

IC'20Z. 2 METER SSB
PORTABLE XCVR. Pyts
sideband in your hand!
Internal C batteries or ex-
ternal 12 VDC. 3W PEP.
True I.F. noise blanker.
144.0. 144.2 on two other
ZOOKH^bands.selectable,
Hamtfonia stocks 145*2
arjd 145.8 146,0 MH2 for
cdlJing frequency & sste^

^^'^'''^ $259.00

IC~30A. 450 NiHi FM LOW XCVR. 1W
or 10W. Low noise MOS-FET RF Amp
& 5 section helical filter, 22 CH,
capacity. S-meter fi relative power out-
put meter. IDC modulation control.

$399.00

MASTERCHARGE & BANKAMERICARD ACCEPTED

DIVISION OF TREVOSE ELECTRONICS

4033 Brownsville Rd • Trevose, Pa. 19047

Wmfm\

TEMPO

TEMPO ONE

HF Transceiver. 80 10M. USB,

CW Si am

399.00

AC/ONE

Power Supply for TEMPO

OME

99.00

VF70NE

EKternat VFO for TEMPO

ONE

109.00

TEMPO VHF/ONE

Transceswer* 2M. 144 yo 148

MHi.PLL

399.00

TEMPO SSB/ONE

SSB Adapter for TEMPO

VHF/ONE

199.00

TEMPO 2020

Transceiver. 80 TOM. USB,
LSB, CW and AM. PLL,

DigftsI

759.00

FMH

2W. VHF/FM, 6 Ch. Hand

Held, 144-148 MHz

199.00

RBF 1

Wattmeter & SWR Bridge

42.95

DM20

Desk Mike. 600 or 50K olim.

PTT & Lock Switches

39.00

IVSS2

4 Ch. Pocket Scannmg Rcvr.

99.00

ATLAS

21 OX

215X
OMK

220CS
350-XL

DD6XL

305

3t1

350-PS
DMK-XL

Transceiver. lO-SOM. 200W 67900
Transceiver, 15-160M. 200W 679.00
Deluxe Mtg. Kll for 21 OX St
215X 48-00

AC Console for 210X & 21 5X 149.00
Tranvceiver. SSB, Sotld State.
10-160M, 350W. 995,00

Digital Dial Readout for 350-
XL 195.00

Plyg-ln Auxiliary VFO* For
3S0-XL 155.00

Plug-In Auxitiary Crystal Os-
cillator for 350 XL 135.00
AC Pwr Supply w/Spkr St
Phone Jack for 350^ XL 195.00
Mobile Mounting Bracket for
350'XL. Easy Plug In 65.00

SWAN

700 CX

VX-2
SS16B

MARK II

1 200 X

FP^l

FC76
WM6200

FS2

SWR*3

SWR-1A

W2000

WM-3000

FS-1
WM1500

MARK II

1200 X

Transceiver, 700W PEP. SSB.
80-1 OM. USB, LSB or CW
Plug-In VOX for 700 CX
Suptr SeEecttve IF Ftfter for
700 CX

Linear Amplifjere Full Legal
Power. W/100W input. 80-10
M.

Portable Linear Amplifier,
1200W PEP. SSB, 700W, Ch.
300W, AM. 80-1 OM.
Hybrid Telephone Patch. Con-
nect Rcvr/Xmjtter to Phone
lines

649.95

44.95

99.95

849.95

349.95

64.95

Frequency Counter. 5 Digit

LED 169.95

In- Line PresicJon Wan mater

for 2M, 2 Scales lo 200W.

Reads SWR, 5995

SWR & Field Strength Meter 16.95

Pocket SWR Meter 12.95

Relative Power Meter & SWR

Bridge 25.95

In-Line Wattmeter. 3 Scales

to 2000W. 3.5 to 30 MHz 59.95

Peak/RMS Wattmeter. Tells

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Decode Morse

- - with an SOSO

Why should you want
to read another
article on Morse decoding? 1
could leli you thai this was
the ultimate program (which
it isn't), or that I have in-
vented a new technique (I
haven't)* In fact, there is
nothing tremendously novel
about the material presented
in this article. However, you
will read about a completely
general decoder algorithm
which can be implemented on
any microcomputer system.
For those of you with an
SOSObased system, a full
program listing of the al-
gorithm Ts included as an ex-

variable

Ttm

srtAT

5T^T2

COIHE

CPTR

ample.

My fascination with auto-
matic decoding was fostered

by the introduction of the
first microprocessors. Up un-
til then, I had considered the
project too inflexible, from a
hardware point of view. The
microcomputer concept was
appealing because of the easy
way in which changes in the
system could be imple-
mented. 1 must admit that»
from the very beginning, the
problem of computer-
generated Morse code was not
as interesting a project, since
it is relatively straightfor-
w^d. Hence^ this article will

Rescript, ion

elapsed tlH* counter (14 biuc).

If &vEz:fl&w occtJrat^l4 bits It, tine

i,p set to large value.

Dct^dast] ttinfl{fi^l5 biti)» Value ia
calculated Ln Bot and Daah routina,

Latter-spactt timei^lB bitMK

fl«4-B stLatua nrgiflter;

Bit 7 Key stattLs * 1 if Ney 4omi

6 CO Flag « 1 if TUfC DG

5 LS Flag > 1 if T1K£ L5

4 Sldetotte

a —

0 J

Dft bounce counter

Secondary st*tii« register
lite 5^0 mrm the csiLW couAtCF

Cod* ^^^imtmr , m»«d for etAra^ of
inc<^uj)9 dot* audi dasbea. For doti
cose =^ COPE • 2, for dachee QGtm =
(CCi^£ I* 2} -t^ 1« BitB 5-0 are uaefl^

ColtEniTi pointer, used for autooatlc
CRLF funCtiQijp Six biti er more
fflay be requifed for etorag*.

Table /. Descnptton of variable storage requirements^

not be concerned with that
aspect of a system.

The concepts used in this
decoder are from many
sources, including my own
work. The magazine articles
which I have studied are
listed at the end of this
article. Most authors start
their presentation with a list
of features and a description
of the method for dis-
tinguishing dots from dashes.
This is a good approach, so I
will do likewise.

Decoder Features

My idea of desirable fea-
tures are those that minimize
the external hardware re-
quirements for normal opera-
tion. There will always be
special cases, which need ad-
vanced hardware for error-
free operation.

Here is the list of features
incorporated in my al-
gorithm:

1. All program timing is done
with software delays,

2. A sidetone is generated for
monitoring the operation of
the decoder,

3. An automatic carriage re-
turn/line feed (CRLF) se-
quence is generated.

4. The code input is de*
bounced for reliable perfor-
mance from a variety of
sources,

5* The speed range is from at
least 5 wpm to about 50
wpm.

6. The )/0 routines that
must be supplied by the user
easily patch into the program.
The method used for inter-
preting dots, dashes J letters,
and spaces is adapted from
Petit's original article. Briefly,
the rules are as follows:

1 . If the key-down interval is
> DD (the last dot^iash time,
explained later}, then the
present element is a dash;
otherwise, it is a dot.

2. If the key-up interval is >
LS (the last letter-space
time), then a character has
been completely received and
should be processed.

3. !f the key-yp interval is >
2LS, then a word has been
compfeted.

Assuming a dot has been
received, by rule I, then DD
is set to twice the duration of
this dot For dashes, a more
complicated set of calculi
tions is performed. In hand-
sent code, which Is most diffi-
cult for the computer, a ten-
dency for variations in dash
duration is common. This
usually occurs at the end of
words and often precedes a
long pause during which the
operator collects his
thoughts. Therefore, I de-
cided to average the received
dash interval with the last
received element The aver-
aging is accomplished by
dividing the duration of the
present dash by two and,
then, adding the last value of
DD- This is the LS value
referred to in the above rules.
By dividing by two once
more, the new DD value is
calculated. Two features re-
sult from this set of manipu-
lations: (1) The letter-space
decisions are heavily weighted
by the duration of dashes,
and (2) the effect of excesr
sively long dash intervals is
reduced. These seem like
desirable traits, and yet do
not add much complexity to
the algorithm.

Software

The algorithm which has
been partially discussed is
presented in flowchart form
in Figs. 1 and 2. A gen-
eralized symbolic approach,
similar to BASIC state nient

a 92

structuref is used, except for
the status subroutine. This
routine will be discussed in
detail, since it is the corner-
stone of the decoder.

The main routine is pre-
sented in Fig. 1. All the op-
erations necessary for trans-
lating the received code into
text form can be easily iden-
tified. Starting from ihe top
and working down, the first
step is program initialization,
followed by a routine for
printing a space.

After the space is printed,
a key-down input causes the
program to go to the Down
routine. When the key returns
to the up state, a branch to
the Dot or Dash routine
occurs. Within each routine,
calculations for updating DO
and LS, along with storage of
the received elements, are
made.

While the input continues
in the key-up condition, the
elapsed time is measured in
the Wait routine. If an end of
character is detected before
the next down state, a transi-
tion to the Decode and Print
routine is made. After
printing the character^ an-
other wait loop is entered. If
it times out, then a word has
been received. Before printing
a space, a check as to whether
or not the algorithm should
stop is performed. Usually
the program will continue by
printing a space.

Looking at the program
subroutines presented in Fig,
2 will illustrate further details
of the software. Four internal
subroutines are called by the
main program routines. These
are (1) Status, (2) Print, (3)
Decode, and (4) Delay. The
Delay subroutine times out
after 1 ms has elaps^. Ob-
viously, this function will re-
quire different initialization^
depending on the microcom*
puter used. The Decode sub-
routine performs the actual
conversion from the dots and
dashes, stored as a unique
digital pattern, to the ASCII
character representation.

In this algorithm, an auto-
matic carriage return and line
feed sequence is initiated by
the first space character oc-

curring after the 55th
column. This is handled in

the first section of the Print
subroutine. Normally, the
character is printed by calling
a user-defined subroutine.
However, if the CRLF se-
quence must be printed, the
CR is immediately output,
and a counter is set up for
delaying the printout of a line
feed.

The Status subroutine is
the most complicated portion
of software in the decoder.
Note that all the timing in the
main routine is determined
by this subroutine. A cat! to
the Delay routine, which re^
turns after I ms, is the first
action taken. Then the pos-
sibility that a line feed must
be printed is tested and
appropriate actions taken.
Next, the key input (or re-
ceiver) is sampled for an up
or down state. If a new state
is detected, the debounce
counter is decremented. A
zero debounce count signifies
that, in fact, the key has
changed state and causes the
key status to be updated.
Otherwise, the debounce
count is stored and the rou-
tine continues. Now the user-
written routine for out-
putting the sidetone value is
called, and, then, the elapsed
time counter is incremented
(checking for overflow).

Lastly, the LS and DD fla^,
which indicate whether the
time is > LS or DD, are

stored. These flags are easily
checked in the main routine's
decision-making process.

Details, Details , . .

Many flags, counters,
pointers, and registers have
been mentioned in the al-
gorithm description. These
are summarised in Table 1. In
the S080 listing presented,
they occupy ten bytes of
memory. Further explanation
of the characier^tics of these
variables will complete the
description of the algorithm.

The TIME counter is incre-
mented as each pass through
the Status subroutine is com-
pleted. An overflow condi-
tion is checked, and the vari-
able is set to a large value, if

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Fig. L Main decoder algorithm.

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F^* Z Afff/fi subroutines of program.

necessary. Both ihe DD and
LS counters have been pre-
viously described, and they
should be about one bit larger
than the TIME counter. The
main status register, STAT,
holds the flag^ and single bit
variables. There is nothing
unique about its organization,
except where it might sim-
plify programming. A
secondary status register,
STAT2, is used for counting
the delay necessary after a
carriage return and before the
line feed is issued. This fea-
ture may only be necessary
for mechanical printers.

The CODE register is used
for storage of the incoming
dots and dashes. It is initial-
ized to a value of 1 before
each character is received.
For a dot, the value is
doubled; for a dash, it is
doubled and then incre*
mented by one. This is the
simplest technique for storage
of the elements, which results
in a 64-1 oca tion ASCII look-
up table. To make sure that

the contents of the counter
are less than 64, an overflow
condition must be checked
after each entry. If an over-
flow occurs, the value is
divided by two, and the algo-
rithm continues. In using
such a simple method^ a sacri-
fice is made in not uniquely
decoding a few special char-
acters- For example, an error
is decoded as the number
five. The corresponding
ASCII look-up table is pre-
sented in Table 2.

For the automatic CRLF
feature, a pointer for the
column position must be
kept. This is the function of
CPTR, In my version of the
algorithm^ 1 check for a value
greater than 55, at which
time the CRLF sequence is
initiated.

Subroutines

There are two kinds of
subroutines necessary for
proper operation of the algo-
rithm. The first kind, the
main program subroutines.

¥.

S, and arror

# (SK)

2«

- {Ail

£&

L (BT)

3«

+ (igrj

Table 2. ASCIi look-up table for character decoding. T/ie fiex
number corresponds to the value of the code counter.

are well-defined for any
microprocessor chosen for
implementation of the de-
coder. The second type, user-
sup plied subroutines! will
vary from one particular
equipment setup to another
A few more comments con-
cerning the first type will be
made before attention is
focused on the user-supplied
subroutines.

There are several subtle
aspects concerning the Status
subroutine- In Fig. 1, the
subroutine is called re-
peatedly while in the down
state. The rate at which this
loop is executed defines the
frequency of the sidetone
output. If all the possible
paths through the Status sub-
routine are not matched for
execution time, an instability
in the sidetone output will
result. A difference of only a
few machine instructions can
be detected by the ear- This
problem can be handled by
whatever method is easiest
for ttie microcomputer used,
In the 8080 example pro-
gram, 13 bytes of extra jump
instructions are used for the
timing equalization.

The second point worth
mentioning is the comparison
of the TIME counter with LS

and DD. Since these are

16-bit unsigned values^ you
will have to be careful if it is
necessary to break it up into
8-bit comparisons. Beware of
your microcomputer's 2*s
complement arithmetic!

The user-supplied I/O sub-
routine requirements are sum-
marized in Table 3. There are
four routines, which are con-
cerned with printing a char-
acter, sampling the key input,
generating the sidetone, and
stopping execution of the
program. All these functions
require interfacing with your
particular computer configur-
ation.

As examples, the sub-
routines that I used in my
8080 program will be de-
scribed. First, notice that
they are linked to the main
routines through an t/0 patch
table, which follows the De-
lay subroutine- This makes it
possible to call the user sub-
routines from one section of
code. There is no need to
hunt through the listing for
the subroutine calls when
supplying your customized
I/O. The Cout subroutine
sends the ASCII character to
the UART or display device,
after checking if the device is
ready. For sampling the key

COUT

SK£¥

CCKT

TOKS

Called by the Prmt «ubroutin«,
A character ts pa«A*d^ the UATtT
status la ehHci]c«d, and the char-
acter 19 aent to tb* display
device.

An input line is t»«t«d foirthe k«y
up or di>«fn statA. Hia appropriata
result im returned to t]i« sntva
■uJargut:^!!*^

The Biain progr^B can lEw stcrpped by
an appropriate hardware input
v^hich is checl^ed toy this routina.

Called by the statua aubroutina.
If th« k«y i» da«#n^ toggle tha
aldetone output^ llh* and save valtia
in STAT re^latetr. If key la np ^q
tiothin^^

Table 3, User ffO subroutine specifications.

input, the Skey subroutine
reads an input line and then
returns with an appropriate
flag. The Cont subroutine
reads a status line and then
either returns to the main
program or stops execution,
(Instead of stopping execu*
tion, a branch to another
program would be possible,)
A sidetone is generated by
the Tone subroutine. The key
state is checked, and, if the
key is up, a return to Status
occurs. Otherwise, the last
sidetone value is toggled, out-
put, and saved for the next
iteration. This generates a
square wave with a period
equal to two passes through
the Status subroutine.

User Modifications

Perhaps one of the most
interesting aspects of playing
with computer programs Is
making changes which reflect
how you feel the program
should have been written-
Since 1 suspect many of you
are already considering
changes to this program, let
me suggest a few first.

One possible modification
would be to calculate a
smaller value for LS (but not
for DD}. When copying the
18 wpm code bulletins from
WlAW, I set LS = DD =
irnME/2) + DD ] /2, which is
a simple change. Since the
original LS value calculated in
the algorithm is approxi-
mately equal to the average
dash, this would suggest that
Pe tit's rule, of using 3/4 of
the dash, might be a good

compromise-
Other possible changes in-
clude timing modifications

and altering the line length
for your particular terminaL
Timing changes would be pos^
sible in the CRLF sequence
(i,e,, change CRDLY) or in
the 1 ms Delay subroutine.
By changing the duration of
the delay, the sampling rate
and sidetone frequency
would be affected. If your
display device doesn't accom-
modate at least 55 characters
per line, this value could be
changed (in the Print sub-
routine).

The four user-supplied
subroutines are obvious
places where you may require
different code than in my
examples. This could be as
simple as changing port
assignments.

Hardware

Simple hardware interlaces
were built for the initial
testing of the decoder. These
are illustrated in Fig, 3 and
consist of output and input
circuitry*

The sidetone output is a
square wave, which can easily
drive a speaker using an emit-
ter follower. The NPN tran-
sistor can be any power tran-
sistor out of your junk box.
The interface for driving your
display device is probably
available from other projects,
so I won't make any com-
ments concerning this sub-
ject.

For receiving code, two
simple circuits will get you
going. Initially, I would sug-
gest hooking up your favorite
key or keyer to the code
input line; a Ik pull up re-
sistor may be necessary. After
the operation of the algo-

COMPUTEfl

470
■*vw-

OUTPUT

LINE

5PEAKEW

(0}

INPUT

LFNE

i _Li 1

COMPUTER

fCJ

470

^ A? usi

INPUT
UME

COitfHJTEir

QH JMALte»

USE ^ENEHAL PURPOSE NPN '5
AND D9D&E

Fig, 3. Simpie hardware interfaces, (a) Speaker connections;

(b) key input; (c) receiver audio adapter.

rithm has been checked, it is
time to connect a receiver to
the computer,

I know of no easily con-
structed optimum interface
between a receiver and a com-
puter. Many ideas have been
proposed, including narrow
pass band filters and phase
locked loops* These ap*
p roaches are not appropriate
for the goal of minimizing
external hardware under nor-
mal conditions. Instead, I will
assume you have a good re-
ceiver with an adequate ON
filter. Connecting the circuit
of Fig. 3(c) will provide satis-
factory operation in most
cases. TTie audio input is am-
plified {only about 2 V p-p
input is required) and then
applied to a peak detector,
which follows the envelope of
the received signal. The vari-
able resistor can be used for
adjusting the decay time con*
slant, or a fixed value can be
substituted. The output stage
operates as a switch for
driving the computer. By
monitoring the sidetone out-
put, the input level can be
easily adjusted for any signal.

The Next Step Is Yours

With the information pre-
sented in this article, you
should be able to program a
computer for Morse code re-
ception. If nothing else, this
is an impressive demonstra-
tion for your friends. I hope
you will not restrict your
efforts solely to the ideas

presented here, but will con-
tinue with further experimen-
tation on your own.

Possible areas of experi-
mentation include a different
LS calculation^ a BASIC pro-
gram implementation, or
matched filtering for the re-
ceiver interface. With a fast
BASIC interpreter, most of
the algorithm could be writ-
ten directly from the flow-
charts. However, the Status
subroutine would be best left
as a machine langua^ pro-
gram. Using some of the
newly-available tapped analog
delay lines (such as the Reti-
con TAD-32}, an adaptive
matched filter for optimum
detection may be possible.

As a final challenge, con-
sider how It might be possible
to implement the decoder
using one of the new single-
chip microprocessors* The
8080 listing which follows is
less ihan 512 bytes!

Thanks

I would like to thank the
authors for writing the
articles which are listed under
references- A special thanks
goes to Steve Belter WB9SGP,
for his suggestions and sup-
port.

I will be happy to cor-
respond directly with anyone
on this subject; please include
an SASE, ■

Reference

1. Petit, "The Mor^e-A-Verter,"

QSr, JanuafV, 1971.

2. Riley, **A Morse Code to
AlphanumerN; Canverter and Dis-
play." QST, October, 1975.

3. Levy, "A Morse to RTTY Con-
Vtrter," 73, June, 1976,

4. Thomas and BeJtef, "Meet the
Microprocessor/' QST, August,
1 976.

5. Hickey, 'TTie Computer . . .
Versus ,,. Hand-Sent Morse

Code," Byte, October, 1976.
6. Grappel and Hefnenway, **Add
This 6800 Mor^r to Your Amar
teur Radio Station." Byte,
October, 1976.

7. Filgate. "A Morse Code Sta-
tion Data Handler/' Byte,

October, 1976.

8. Wells, "CW for the 6800/' 73,
April, 1977,

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ATTENTION: HAM OPERATOR/COMPUTER OWNERS

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IDS

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aMi M^,mm. n f^igt* pr«4 Tti^phofl* (703 J S3lt»7373

INTERNATIONAL DATA SYSTEMS, INC,

400 North WBhktglon Stnet. Suitr 200. F«lt« Churcii. Virginia 220«i, U^JL

IDS

110

Frank J. Oerfler K9KIC
99-1440 Aim Hts, Dr. #5 J
Aiea HI 96701

Futureshot

-- just around the corner

Fred Thompson hurried
through the shopping
malL His watch showed him
that it was 8:57^ and he knew
that Harry closed the doors
promptly at 9 pm. Harry's
Computer Store was the
largest in the city, and Fred
was sure Harry would have
the iritcgrated circuit he
needed .

"Whoa," Fred said, "got
time for a paying customer >
don *t you?"

*'Sure," Harry backed
away from the door he was
about to close and chuckled,
"glad to take your money.
What do you need?"

"Program chip." Fred
answered, "Got a French
language course?"

"Check the wall unit over
tfiere. We don't get too much
call for those, so it's probably
down in the bottom cabinets
someplace;**

Fred keyed "French
language" into the wall mint*
terminal- The liquid crystal
disptay listed two brand
names.

"Hey, youVe got two
kinds in stock,"

**Better check/* Harry ad-
vised, **one might use two
chips,"

Fred asked the computer
for a compare and contrast
Sure enough, one program,
which gave complete

branch irtg and learning rein-
forcement, used two chips.
One chip was the program
and a file* The other was just
a vocabulary file of four
megabits. The price differ-
ential was only about 30%.
Fred touched the lisung for
the two-chip version to indi-
cate his choice. A green LED
came on over the handle of
the bottom drawer. He
opened the drawer and took
out one of the bags from the
cubbyhole indicated by a
photoluminescent paneL

"What, no servo-
mechanism to drop it in front
of the point of sale ter-
minal?" Fred chided.

**1 told you we don't get
much call for that program/*
Harry responded. "Gotta save
the ^dgets for the big sellers
— private secretary and the
like,"

"Been selling a lot of the
private secretary?"

"Oh yeah, been selling a
lot of the vocal interfaces,
loo, both male and female
voices/*

**l didn't buy the talk fea-
ture. I think it's great telling
the machine what to do with-
out any backtalk,"

**Yeah, they say the
darned^i things. Don't know
what some of those pro-
grammers are thinking of
sometimes. Well, anything
else? We called up a back file

of *Sur Trek' on the TV

tonight, and 1 want to get
home to make sure it gets
recorded okay."

"Captain Kirk still chasing
Klingpns, eh? How much do I
owe you?"

"With state and federal
sales tax, twenty dollars and
forty cents. Want to use my
terminal or have you got your
remote toy with you? l^st
ham radio operator I had in
here insisted on using hfs
homemade handi-term* Took
him three tries^ and he wound
up crediting me with a
hundred dollars too much."

"Never fear, mine works!"
Fred said. He pulled back his
shirt sleeve to reveal what
appeared to be an odd-shaped
calculator, with a rubber stick
attiiched, 'M don't mind an
exterior antenna. Gives me
great coverage through the
local repeater," he said. As he
talked, he composed a digital
message that consisted of his
amateur radio callsign,
Harry's account number, his
account number, the date
(November 2, 1985), and the
amount. He pressed the irans-
mit button, and Harry's
counter terminal registered
the correct transfer on its
readout. '*Hah, see!" he said
proudly,

*'How long do yoy figure
till everybody has one of

those?" Harry asked.

'Trobably never, except
for a few kinds of salesmen.
It's just a toy, like you said.
Well, thanks a lot."

'Thank you. We've got
Spanish, Russian, any kind of
language course you want,"

"This is for my daughter's
French class. A few of the
kids don't have access to a
microcomputer at home yet,
so I thought rd let her take a
CPU to school in her book
bag and use the school's
peripherals."

"If I can help, let me
know. Night, Fred.*'

"End," Fred responded in
BASIC.

Fred got back to his car
and saw that the parking
meter had almost run out.
'*Boy, a dollar sure doesn't
buy much time anymore/' he
thought.

On the way home, the
message indicator on his ama-
teur radio rig was blanks so he
put out an "available" or CQ
message. Almost immediately
the display showed a response
and the callsign K9KIC. Fred
knew that this was the call of
a young man named John,
who lived nearby. They had
never met, but they had
shared many interesting con-
versations over the radio. At
the next stop sign, Fred saw
that John wanted to switch
over to voice transmission. He
picked up a pencil-thin micro*
phone which was connected
to the radio by a piece of
slender plastic line, "Hey,
John, what brings you on this
band now? Did the amateur
radio satellite fafi out of
synchronous orbit?"

**No/* came the voice
through the solid state
speaker, "Murphy has struck,
and I need some technical
help."

"Well, tell mewhatyou*ve
got, and I'll make one of my
educated guesses," Fred re-
sponded.

"You were with me when
I bought that old Z 80 CPU
at the swap meet. I've got it
up and running on an anten-
na-aiming program for the
Russian amateur radio satel-
lites. Everything goes fine

uniif I actually hook up the
azimuth and elevation rota-
tors. The first time it changes
the azimuth, everything
stops. Whaddya think?"

"Well, my young lad, my
educated guess is spik^/*

**Spikes! But there are lots
of capacitors everywhere, and
the power supply just has
tons of farads hanging on it."

*The power supply, yes,
but you are about to learn
one of the main reasons why
computer designers^ radio de-
signers, and almost everyone
who pushes an electron has
gone to fiber optics for signal
'Circuits. These program chips
that I just bought are a good
example — two power con-
n^tors and ten optical signal
ports each. Sure makes it
nice.

"Okay, Fred, I can see t'm
going to have to listen to one
of your lectures, if I want to
get my antenna pointed. Go
ahead."

''You are aware that wires
used to be used for carrying
things other than power?**

'They still carry rf> Fred/'

'*Hrumph. That*s power^
100. Anyway, all the signal
leads in computers, radios,
phonographs, and everything
else once were metallic. The
time and money we used to
spend eliminating hum, rf
interference, and all the other
kinds of unwanted signals
were amazing. Bypass capac-
itors by the bushel, special
circuit board and cabinet de-
signs, tons of sheet metal.
Then, about '79, the use of
fiber optics for carrying
signals really came of age-
Practical microcomputers
were only a few years older,
so the marriage was a natural.
Their use in radios and TVs
was spurred along by federal
legislation aimed at reducing
TV interference, so you just
don't find many of the
metallic signal bus syslems
anymore/*

'*Wett, tdid"

** Right, and now we have
to reinvent a few old tricks, I
think that every time the
relay in that old antenna rota-
tor control unit of yours
clicks, a big spike is sent back

to the computer over the
control wires. That spike
drives the microprocessor
crazy. Do you have any old
discrete optoisolators in your
]unk box?"

**rm not really sure what
they are/*

"Nowadays they are just a
part of many chips, but basi-
cally, they relay a control
signal, via light, to get rid of
any spikes thai might be in-
troduced. You come on over
tomorrow, and TU see if I can
find a reference that tells us
how to use them. Here, I've
keyed op my address. Come
over about 10 am."

'*Okayl Thanks a bunch,
Fred. See you then/'

As he signed off from his
contact, Fred pulled into his
carport. He put the tires of
his car into the wide grooves
in the composite floor and
Stopped when a light glowed
on the dashboard. Beneath
the car, twin spring contacts
were already recharging the
car's battery. He opened the
front door of the house by
punching a four digit se-
quence on the lock.

"Hi, anybody home?" he
asked.

**WeVe downstairSp'* a
female voice answered.

He went down into the
main portion of the house,
which was below the level of
the surrounding ground. This
arrangement gave both superb
insulation and a nice land-
scape. The family room was
dark, with the skylight in the
clear mode to give an un-
distorted view of the night
sky.

"Did you just get off
work, dear?** he asked* His
eyes were still adjusting to
the darkened room*

"Yes, we had another one
of those late conferences —
more decisions and options/'
his wife replied.

"Tm glad youVe home,
Daddy,'* his daughter Jeanne
interjected. 'This is one of
the first tries for our class
project* Mother may under-
stand stocks and bonds, but
laser communications are too
much for her/'

"Oh great/' Fred said, "I

had forgotten it was tonight
We must not have entered it
into the secretary. Where is
the Urget?"

"The computer says that
Orbiting Base I is due to pass
over in about 1 5 minutes. We
are going to try hitting it with
a laser from the roof of the
school- We want to use the
communications mirror on
the Orbiting Base to bounce a
signal. I've got this laser
detector set up here, and Sue
and Billy each have onC| too.
It's not very precise, but we
can show the principles in-
volved/*

"That would be a pretty
fair accompitshment," Fred
replied* 'The military and
some hams have been using
the satellite mirror incre-
mented light element system
for some time, but if you kids
can bounce off the Orbiting
Base^ you can get some good
communications ind good
tracking data at the same
time." Fred walked over to
the small computer terminal
hanging on the wall of the
family room. He touched a
sensitive square on the top of
the visual display and said,
"Print time; Print Orbiting
Base time; Print difference;
Run/'

Immediately the solid
state display showed:
2137:20
2143:33
6:13

*'You going to work
through the skylight?" he
asked his daughter.

*'Yes, I don't think we'll
lose very much, since it's in
the clear mode/*

"If you two will excuse
me," his wife said, "I'm going
to take a bath. Secretary/'
she said, touching the
computer terminal. The
screen printed "READY'*
above the time numerals still
on its face. This indicated
that the secretary program
was ready for use. "Bath;
Hot; Full; Run/' she said.
*'tsn*t science wonderful!?"
she chidedj after taking her
hand off the computer's
touch spot. '*Let me know
when you talk to the woman
in the moon/*

"Ouch/' Fred said, ''give
*em females on the Orbiting
Base^^ and they want the
whole moon/*

**Just our fair share,
Daddy/* Jeanne laughed*

The minutes and seconds
displayed on the computer
terminal went by swiftly. The
Orbiting Base passed over-
head. The laser detector was
operating at its highest gain,
but nothing was heard. Ten
minutes after the direct over-
head pass, the phone buzzed
and leanne hurried to answer
it.

*'No, Billy, we didn't hear
anything. What? You did. I
know I had everything set up
right. OK, well have to check
it out tomorrow/'

'They heard the bounced
signal?"

'*Yes, but without all three
results, we can't get any accu-
rate position data to
write up. !t isn't just enough
to receive a signal; we have to
be able to show good tracking
data, too^ if we are going to
get a good grade on the pro-
iect/^

"Boy, high school science
projects sure have changed,"
Fred mused. "Let's see if
there is anything wrong with
your receiver that an old
technician can recognize/'

Fred placed the equipment
in self*test and made all of
the checks with no dis-
crepancies apparent. Opening
the small cabinet revealed
only two lumps coated with
protective mater raf One was
the entire detector and
amplifier, and the other was
the power supply. **Not an
adjustment anyplace; besides,
everything checks out okay/'

'Thanks anyway, Daddy*
At least I know I had it
turned on and pointed the
right way. The Orbiting Base
will be over again tomorrow
night. Maybe we can get a
new receiver by then/'

Later, as the house quieted
down for the night, Fred
addressed the computer
again. "House; Status; Run/'
A floor plan of the house
appeared. All doors and
windov*^ were shown in
green, indicating they were

locked. Below the diagram, a
row of numbers beg^n to
appear on ihe screen. They
showed the temperature of
the water in the solar heaters,
the output of the wind geth
era tor, and the amount of
power that had been drawn
from ihe commercial mains
to supplement the wind gen-
erator over the past 24 hours.
The temperature in the
various rooms and other
factors, such as circulating air
flow, were also shown.
Security systems, fire detec-
tion, and environmental con-
trol were all under the con-
trol of the home computer
system while the family siepL
The next morning found
Fred hard at "work."
Actually, he went into the
office less and less each year.
The marriage of cheap data
processing with high quality
communications interconnec-
tions allowed many people to
do a great deal of their work
at home. As a lead design
engineer, Fred had lies, via
telephone lines, to the five

design engineers in his group.
They were able to exchange
ideas, diagrams, and com-
ments through their com-
puter terminals at home.
They could confer individ*
ually^ or as a group.

The *'smart" terminals
they were using contained
powerful microprocessors and
were actually stand-alone
computers. They could work
individually, in concert with
other smart terminals, or as
an extension of the central
"big memory'* operated by
Fred's company. The savings
in real estate and overhead
more than paid for the cost
of the additional communica-
tions circuits. Many busi-
nesses still required the
personal touch. But those
that could were encouraging
their people to work at home,
Fred's wife was at "work*' in
another part of the house.
Their breaks were frequent,
and their family life was quite
strong.

At a little before 10 am,
the secretarial program in

Fred's computer printed out
"K9KtC COMING TO VISIT

AT 10 am;'

A few minutes later, the
doorbell rang* The young
man he admitted was quite
different from the bookish
boy Fred had expected to
see. John was tall and
athteiic. He held out his hand
and said, "Hi, Fm K9KIC/*

*'Come in," Fred said.
**rve got an optoisolator on
my desk-"

They discussed optoelec-
tronics, the good old days of
ham radio, and several other
topics. Fred was just about to
relate how he had changed
over his old receiver to fiber
optic elements, when his
daughter walked in,

*'Hi, Dad, can you help me
for a minute?" She was
weighted down with various
pieces of her laser project.
"Oh, Km sorry, t didn't know
you had company."

** Jeanne, this is John, one
of my ham radio buddies,
John, my daughter Jeanne."

'^Say, isn't that a laser

detector?" John asked.

"Yes, I just brought it
back from a complete check-
out. Everything seems to be
fine, but it wouldn't work on
a beam we bounced off the
Orbiting Base last night."

**Maybe your bandpass
was too narrow/* John said,
helping her with her load,

'1 checked ..." Fred tried
to say.

"Or maybe you were gel-
ling a frequency shift,"

"That could • . /* Fred
tried again,

"Oh, do you think so?"
Jeanne asked wide-eyed* "I
just don't know much about
these things," the winner of
the local science fair for the
last three years said in-
nocently,

"Maybe we can try it on
the ridge outside of town
tonight , , ," were the last
words Fred heard as they
disappeared out the door

He chuckled. "Bubble
memories, laser mirrors, and
electric cars, but some things
never change!" «

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Try

Micro

Contest Logger

-- the 6800 does it all

Gary E, Belcher KH6GMP
91-962 Akahoio St.
Ewa Bead! HI 96706

Any con tester will tell
you that the removai
of duplicate contacts from a
contest log is absolutely
necessary but can be an
arduous and time-consuming
chore, particularly when a
large number of contacts are
involved. For example^ say
2000 OSOs are made on one
band. Each call sign must be
compared agiinst all other
callsigns on that log, in order
to determine if a duplicate
exists. When done manually,
with pencil and paper, this
operation can take nearly as

long as the actual on-the-air
operation, and, needless to
say, it's nowhere near the
fun.

Naturally, since I do
operate in all the major con-
t^ts, the first function I
wanted to perform with my
new micro, once it was up
and running, was the removal
of duplicate contacts from a
contest log. The program
presented here does iust that.
It reduces the operation to
merely entering each callsign
from the log into the pro-
cessor via the control key-
board. Duplicate contacts are
identified with both an
audible and a visual indi-
cation.

The ultimate contest pro-
gram, of course, would be

< <r

AC 30

WOTDfi CONTROU
JACK

-9;

H'|t-

ANY 3M4LL

AUDIO DEVICE

Fig. I

used during the actual oper-
ation of the contest and
would identify duplicates
before they were logged. It
would maintain the log for
you, priming it out on hard
copy for submission to the
sponsor. Such a program
would be beyond the
memory capacity of my
system, and I have no hard
copy device. I, therefore,
designed this program to be
used after the contest* Call-
signs are taken from the
completed logsheets, and the
duplicate contacts identified
must be marked on the log-
sheets as such^

This program is written for
the SWTPC 6800, with the
CT-1 024 control terminal and
AC-3G cassette interface. The
AC30 is necessary only in
the generation of the audible
alarm described below. As
suggested by SWTPC, mem-
ory locations 0000 through
0020 are unused. The pro-

gram requires 478|-|0) bytes
of memory, leaving all re-
maining memory for the
workspace. Each callsign is
assigned six bytes^ plus one
for the end-of-callsign control
character (a period).

It is possible to process
nOO callsigns in 8K of
memory, while 500 may be
handled by 4K. As you wil!
notice in ihc assembly listings
maximum use is made of the
INEEE and OUTEEE rou-
tines contained in the
Motorola Mikbug firmware,
and direct addressing is used
extensively.

Upon execution of the
program from its starting
point, location 002F, the
home-up and erase to end of
file functions are performed
to produce a clean screen,
and then the *'Enter Call-
signs" screen message appears
on the control monitor. Call-
signs of variable length are
entered from the keyboard,
each followed by a period.
They appear on the monitor
in column format at the left
margin. In the event of a
typing error, a slant bar is
entered (anytime before the
period) and the erroneous
callsign may be entered cor-
rectly. A line feed, carriage
return, and erase to end of
file string follow each callsign
entered, to produce the
column format and to cause a
clean screen on pagp changes.
The compare routine is
bypassed for the first callsign
entered. After that, as each
callsign is entered, it is com-
pared to all others already in
the workspace. Upon de-
tection of a duplicate entry,
the screen message '*Dupli-
cate — Type A Space''
appears following the callsign,
and the audible alarm alerts
the operator. The alarm is
extinguished when the space
(actually any character will
do) is typed.

This audible alarm feature
was included only as a con-
venience, so if your system
does not include the AC-30,
don't worry; the program will
still function as written. You
will, however, have to glance

^ 1

up at the screen after each

entry lo check for the visual
indication of a duplicate on
the monitor screen. Any
audio device may be used for
the audible alarm. Simply
place the auto/manual switch
of the AC-30 in the auto
position, engage input A as a
reader, and use the motor
control jack A as a switch to
turn on the audio device, (See
Fig. 1.) The '*Dupiicate'* and
"Memory Full" screen
message strings contain
reader-on commands, and a
reader-off is generated after
keyboard input, I merely plug
in a cassette recorder locked
in the play mode and con-
taining a program tape. Crude
as it may be, the Kansas City

Fig, 2

Standard tones never fail to
get my attention when the
recorder is activated by the
remote switch.

After the last callsign to be
processed, key in a dollar
sign, which terminates the
entry and compare function
and begins a "Print*' func-
tion. Should the end of your
memory be reached before
you have come to the last
callsign, the "Memory Full"
screen message is displayed
along with the audible alarm.
The dollar sign must then be
entered to begin the "Print**
function.

The "Print" function
actually serves no purpose,
except to allow a simple re-
check to insure all duplicates

0021
0023
002S
0027
0029
002B
002C»

002F

003 3
OOJS
0OJ7
O0J9
OOlh

003C
003P

D043
G045

oo4e

00 4«
00 4A
0Q4D

C»04F
OUSl
0O52
0054

0057
0Q59
OOSA
005C
0D5E

006Q
a0€2
0O63
006S
0066

D06B
OOBB

006F
0072

0074
0076
0077

Q07fl
[J07A

007C
007^

floei

00S3

00 B 5
OD88

OQSB
ODBD
ODB£
0090
0092
0034

EIDI
E07E

OlD^
IFTF

00oa<

0002
0002

Dl 21
86 7Q
hi 00
9C 23
27 03
06
20 ¥1

m> 0141
DE 21
C6 20
A6 DO
11

26 2C
DF 27
BD El2iC
K7 00
C6 24
11

26 03
7^ DOEA

C6 2F
H

2e 04

DE 27

20 EA

C6 2E
11

27 03

OS
ao E2

CE OOOO
9C 25

26 27
BD 014f
20 CB

C6 07

08
5A

2F 02
20 FA

DF 2S
aC 1FF9

27 02

:eo itc

BD 0I3C
BD ElAC
C6 24
11

26 FS
D£ 25
A7 00
20 54

HAI4

OtrTEEF Egtr
PDATAl EOU

t NEE]E EQU

FD&
J<K6

Rita

RHB
ORG

SD^ERDUPER

$E1I>I MXKBOG FinMVAR£

SEtjTtr MIKBUG FIltMWARE

$ElAC WIKRUd FIRMWARE

5 a IDE ConBtftiit st^rt of woirkipfpce

51FFF Canst«Jit lilgh frtcflTiory »d dress

SQOOO initjoliie with zeros

2 Re^CfVe for toffp storage

2 Reserve for tedp storage

2 He serve for terrp Ktarajge

2 Reserve for tcinp srtarago
$00 2F

EBTEfl

EKTEH2
LOADS

STARTING X.f3CATION

LDX $Ey021 Start of workapsicci

LDA A #?20 put a space in h

STA A 0,X Load the space in metnory

CPX $0023 Re^ch ena of oettv^ry yet?

BEQ EliTER Ye^, to enter

INX Ho, go to next w&A loc

BRA KEXr To NEXT

BECIH ERTERlirG CALLSIGH5

JSR STG4

LUX $ooai

LDA B #$20
LDA A 0,X
CEA

EltCBAB

SLNT?

Display HSG4
St^ixt of w?rkB|>sc6
Put A fipace in. B
Load A from mamory
Is it a space?
^3o, to LOCTR
Yes< fitore X tc^p

Hii^na

Store char in afisiorf
Put S in B
IS it a $?
no, to SLNT?
YeSr to ZWi

Fut a / in B
Is it a /?
Ko. to PD?
Yes, restore X
To EMCEAR

^it A . Ln B

Is it a ,?

Yes, to FIRST

No, get another char

TO ENCHAR

FIRST?

BNE LOCTR

ST3e 50027

JSIt IH^

STA A O.X

LDA B fS24

CBA

BNC SUfT?

J HP EHD

ERROR?

LDA B #$2F

CBA

aH£ ?D?

L£3e $0027

BRA BiaCKAR

FERIOO?

LDA B #S2E

CBA

BEQ FIRST

INX

BRA EKCftAR

FIRST CALLSIRM7

LOX $0000 If this Is the first

CPX 50O2S entry J, doti ' t search

vm. s£A]«:m to search

JSR STC3 Di$^lav «SC3

OFtA EirrERS To EKTBR2
CHECK THE COl/WTER

LDCTR
LOQP

FULL?

MEHFDL

LDA B #507

DEC B

BLE FULL?
BRA LOOP

Load the counter with 07
XncJTiSinetnt K

DecreJTtGfit the counter

I^ Kcro, to FULL?
Els« tq Lnoo

JS THE MEHORV FtJLL?

0096 D£ 21

SEABCS

STX $0025
CPX S51FF9

JBR ST<; I
J SB INEEF,
LDA U #524
CBA

BNB HEMFUL
VOX 50025
SXA A 0«X
SUA Etm
SEARCB ROtlTIKE
LOX S0021

Store K tairp
Se« it reached ernS
Vc-sj^ tf ttEJ^PUL
SO* to LdA&B

Display KSGl

HIKBUC

Put a S in B

Is it a $?

Ro, to HEHPUL

YeSj. store X temp

Ifsad the S in Beiaory

To OfD

I,o4d X fzrtiris tanp

have been properly marked
on the log. The callsign s are
displayed at the left margin in
column format. Priming con-
tinues rapidly until an identi-
fied duplicate contact is
reached. The callsign is fol-
lowed by a "Duplicate"
screen message, and you are
instructed to type a space to
continue. After the last call-
sign is displayed, a screen
message instructs that you
type a "P** to print again or a
*^C' to clear. If the "P" is
selected, the print operation
cycles through again, while a
"C clears the memory work-
space and prepares for the
entry of a new series of call-
signs, perhaps the processing
of another band.

Included in the pro-am
are two constants, which are
dependent on the memory
capacity of your system.
Location 0023 contains the
highest memory address,
while 007 F contains the
address of the highest callsign
starting point in memory, f
have used IFFF and IFF9,
respectively, for an 8K
memory. If you are using 4K,
simply change to OFFF and
0FF3.

This program should prove
to be a most valuable
addition to your program
library p You can process your
log in a minimum of lime and
still have complete con-
fidence that you are sub-
mitting a clean log. ■

oo9e

DF 2B

ACN

^rx

S002B

Btsore X in temp

009A

DF 2D

STX

?aa2D

Store X in twira

00 9C

OB 27

LDX

&D027

Loa4 X ^rt^n tcp^

OOSE

DF 29

STX

S0029

Store X in temp

OOAO

C6 07

LDA

i$07

Load the counter with 07

00 A3

BD 14

BSR

CPRFIEM

To CPW^KM

mhA

27 23

BED

D[T»S

It la a dnpsj to DUOE

O0A€

D£ ZD

U^X

$00 2D

Mo, then load the location

fSOAS

IIUI

of this c^allsivn in 7.

D0A9

IHX

MtiA tucr^nent 7 tiia«5

^CAA

HOC

to bcfifiii looklQii at

OOAB

imc

the next callsign

00 AC

letx

ODAD

THX

OOAE

INX

OOAF

9C 27

CPK

$0027

is it this callsign?

ooai

Z^ ES

BHE

AGN

Ko, to Ar^

D0B3

20 7P

BRA

ISLAND

Yes. to ISLAND

CQKPAKE StmROOTINE

OOBS

CPBCOSi

IHX

Xncircneiit; X

1^ "IP ■ *f^

OOBC

DF 2B

STX

$0023

Store X ts3,p

O0B3

OE 29

U)X

$0029

Load X from t«atp

eOHA

A€ 00

LDA

0/8

Load A £r<?ai mraaory

OOBC

inx

Increment X

OOBD

DF 29

STX

90029

store X temp

OOBF

DE 2B

I.DX

$Q02B

Load X from temp

OOCl

Al 00

CJWp

Q,x

Compare A and X

00C3

26 03

BMt

CPRKT

Not equal r to CPRET

00C5

DEC

Decrament coitntor

00C€

2§ EO

CPHCOM

Counter not zercij to CPfECCft

OOCB

l^i

vets

Counter zero ^return, v/flaq coind

DUPLICATE CALLSTiSl FOCMD

ODCf

fi6 11

PUi»E

LDA

#511

Put Sll in A

ooce

BD ElDl

JSft

tJirTEE^

MIRBUG (turns on alamt}

OOCE

BD 0141

jsn

STG2

Display MFG2

OODl

DE 27

l,^K

$0027

Lesad X f3ram toinp

ODD 3

C6 2E

LDA

§$2t

E'ut a . in B

0DD5

A6 00

LOADA

LDA

a,x

Put pijmorv char in A

0DP7

CBA

Is it a , ?

OODB

27 03

FDFWD

Yes, to PDFKO

OODA

XlfX

nOp look next cfaar

OODB

20 FB

BRA

LQADA

To I^OAQA

REPEACE PEHIOO

WITB A$T£BI5K

OODD

C6 2A

PDFND

LDA

f52A

Put an * lit B

OODF

E7 00

STA

o,x

Put the * in m^aoiy

OOEl

BD ElAC

asR

iwEEs:

MIKBUG

0DE4

BD 0146

ISLAND

JSR

SI^GJ

Display HSG3

0OE7

7E 003F

JHP

ENTTiR2

TO SMTER2

•

END

OF MEMORY

OOCA

BD 0150

END

JSB

STG5

Display ?4SG5

OOED

DE 21

r^x

$0021

StJLTt of Horkspace

OOEF

A« 00

EMD2

LDA

o,x

Put char fa mamorv in A

OOFl

C« 24

LDX

l$24

Put $ In B

O0P3

CBA

Is it a $7

O0F4

27 07

&BQ

DEC IDE

Yes, to DECIDE

OOFfi

C6 2A

LDA

IS2A

Ko, put an • in B

OOFfl

CBA

Is it An *?

0 0F5

26 IB

Bim

PRCHAH

NO, to PRCKAR

OOFB

20 3D

BAA

DUPRNT

Ves, to DUFHNT

•

DECIDE

OOFD

BD 0155

DECIDE

JSR

sree

Display H5G£

0100

BO ElAC

JSB

IMKEE

miubik;

0103

C£ 50

LDA

IJ550

Pat ASCII P in B

0105

CBA

13 It a P?

oloe

27 E2

END

Yes, to END

OlOfi

C# 43

LDA

t$43

Ha, put ASCII C in B

OlOA

CBA

Is it a c?

OlOB

26 FO

BNE

DECIDE

Ndi invalid reply ^ ask again

0100

7F 0025

CLR

$Q02&

Re sat fl tor age loc to sero

alio

7F 0Q2g

CLR

$0026

Reset storage lee to «*r«

0113

7E 002F

JM?

START

To START

PftilfT

THE CHAKACTER

01 Ig

ee 20

PPCHAS

LDA

1520

Put a space in B

one

CSA

IS it a space?

01X9

27 00

BEO

ihCX

Yes, to IXKHl

103

BIXB
Dll]>
01 IE

Diati

□ 12 3
C124

012B

012D
012r
0112
0135
013 B
dUl^

oiir

0141
C144
Q116
014^
014B
014E
0150
0153
0155
0158

015C

QITA

017B

CG 2E
11

27 06

BD ElQl

20 C9

DF 25
PD 014€
20 OB

BD
BD
BD
DE
20

INCX

PRcaio^

OtTPRKT

UtfL B t$2E

BEQ PRCRLF

JSR DlJTEEE

IN3C

QiiA END 2

PBIWr CE AMD LF

STX $0025

EHA LDX

^RINT CKIPLICL^TE

Mo, put aji "* in B
Is it an *?
¥es, to PHCRLP

Ko, MIKBUT

To get next char

Td END2

Store X t@rp
Display- K5G3
To Lax

019*
019A

0191
0l9f

0141

ElAC

0146

as LDX

STX $0025

JSH STG2

JSR INEEE

JSB STCa

LDX S0§25

BRA X»CX

Store X temp

i^isfklay MSG2

MIKBTjn

0i Splay HSG3

To IBSCX

20
20

CE OISC
20 17
CE 017B

D19A

CE oitr

30 08

CE OlBD

20 0 3

CE OlCl

BD BOTE

114D

4S4D

4F52

5920

4£55

4C4C

2£2B

2E54

5950

45?.0

2420

544r

2050

5249

4E54

ODOD

1717

2E2B

2£44

5550

4 52E

2E2S

STGl

STG2

STG3

STG4

5TG5

STGf
«fliNTa

HSGl

DISFIAY HE&SAjC£ SUBROCITTRES

LPK HSGl Load K start of KSei

BRA PRnaro To ?RrMTO

LDX MSG2 !^ad X start tit KSG2

BRA PR I WTO To PRlWTO

LDX MBC3 Load K start of HSG3

BRA PRINTO To PRINTO

LDX HSQ4 Load X «tairt oC Kg64

BRA PRIIITO To PRtiTTO

LDX HSG^ Load X al^art of Hg^S

BfIA ^HTWTO To PHUTTO

LBX nBG% U)ad X start of 14SG$

JSR »l>^tAl MIKBOG

RTS Return from stibroutlne

ASCII MESSAGE DISPLAY STRINGS

FCC /Reader On followed hy screen

ittessage (MEMORY FULL... TYPE $

TO PfiJNTJ

OIBC
OIBD

OlCQ
DlCl

OlOD

MSG2

FCB End of Kess^ge

FCC /Header on* carriage return ^ six

apache followed by screen mesaage

U*-DUP?:.,.TYPE A SPACE)

S459

5045

2053

5041

4345

13QA

0016

101£

2020

soao

2F2E

2E45

4E54

4552

2043

414C

4C53

4947

4£53

2E2E

2K0A

1310

1€

1016

2020

3050

2^5^

4F20

S053

444E

S420

3020

4 325

544F

2043

4C45

4152

KSG3

MSG4

FCB
FCC

FCB

FCC

Ksqs

MSG6

FCB
FCC

End of Mes 531^0

/Reader off, line f e«d , camriage

return » era^s to end of file
End of He s sage

/Bamm up, erase to end of file^
four apaces, followed by screen
message (.. .ENTER CAl.L?ICj^S. ,. j
followed by line feed, carriage
return

End of IVessage

/Reader off, heme up. arase to
end of file

End of IteEsago

/Bone up, eraae to end of file,
three spaces followed by Ecrre<tn
:nieGaage [P TO PRII3T C TO CLEAR)

FCB End of Message
Beginning wit^ QlUZ, all
ccnprises the mrltipace
EHD

reBaining aesiory

START

ENCKAR

LOOP

CPR^OH

PDFND

PRCHAH

ST^l

STG«

MS€4

002F
004A
0076
Q0a5
OODO
0116
013C
01 SS
019F

SLNT7

FULL7

CPRMEM,

ISLAND

DiCX

STGa

PRUffO

K5C5

0033
0flS7
O07C
OOBB
0DE4
0123
0141
0158
DlBD

EttrZR

MEMFUL
CpRET

PRCRLF

STC3

I^Cl

0D3C

ooeo

0085
OOCB
ODEA
013«
014£
015C
OlCl

ENTER2

FIRST?

SEJ^H CH

DUPE

END2

DirPRWT

STG4

KSC2

003F
0068

0096
00C9
ODEF
012D
0L4B
017B

LOADS
LDCTR

LQADA

DECIDE

LCIX

STGS

MSG3

0041
0074
0090
00 P$
OOFD
0133
0150
019A

$
$

$
$
$
$
$
$

$
$
$

$
$

Wasye

riz

OK, so you want to save money — cani blame you for that!

After you have called the 800 numbers, got your '*best price/' sent your money — what do
you get? A box. Suppose it doesn't work? (Murphys' law). Ship it back (at your own ex-
pense) and wait* Or — two weeks after the warranty expi res — so goes the rig _ , what to do?

And since you got that great discount how much attention will you get? Rotsaruck fella!

Today's amateur equipment is far more sophisticated than that of even a few years ago,
and ifs getting more so every day. Service becomes an important issue. At CFP we have
decided to offer you an alternative: If you are willing to pay the regular list price on any
Drake or Yaesu product CFP will provide an additional 90 days of warranty protection.
This v^arranty will be identical with the normal warranty with the exception that we wilt
pay all charges including shipping both ways!

There may be occasions when we won*t have the item you desire. Should you place an
order and we don't, we will refund your money and advise you when it will be available.

We won't sit on your money! If you wish a high demand item and want to make a deposit to
ensure getting what you want — fine.

Because we are amateurs and concerned about the issues, we limit our transmitter and
amplifier sales to licensed amateurs (a license photocopy will do).
Amateur radio is a great service and a greater hobby — lets keep it that way!

Mail Orders accepted. N. Y. residents add sales tax. SASE will get our list of used Amateur Equipment.

WANTED: GOOD
CLEAN TRADESl

WA2KTJ

WB2LWV

CFP COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

211 NORTH MAIN STREET

HORSEHEADS, N.Y. 14045

PHONE: 607'739-01 87

Store Houn

Tyes. to Ffl. 10-6 p.m.
Sat. 10-4 p^in.

Fa&Sai sutsiectio
Hamfesi weekerids
Closed Sun, Si M§n,

C54

$
$
$
$
$

$
$
$
$

$
$
$

$
$

104

CANADIANS!

ENminate the Customs Hassles.
Save Money and get Canadian
Wan^anties on IMSAI and S-tOO
compatible products-

fMSAiaoeO KIT $ 838.00

ASS. $1163 00
(Can. Duty & Fed. Tax locluded),
AUTHORIZED DEALER

Send SI. 00 for complete IMSAI

Catalog,

We will develop compMd appltca-

lion systems,

Cgntac! us for further information.

Rotundra
Cybenwtics

Box 1448. Calgary, Afta. T2P 2H9
Phone (403) 2S3-8076

R13

ernanioiHiD
Amateur.

MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE

NO MONKCV BUSINESS!

(A) Complete Service Facilities

(B) Good Deais on most Brands

(D) All inquiries handled by Active Hams with
over 20 years experience in ham radio

CALL TOLL FREE

1-800-238-6 168

fN TENNESSEE, CALL 90^452^4276

MONO A Y-SA TURDA Y 3:30-5:30

FQH YOUR SPECIAL.

CUSTOM HIGH POWER AMPLIFIERS

G-12

Write: 3202 Summer Ave,, Memphis, Tennessee 38112

Don Lancaster's ingenius design provides software controllable
options including;

P9 -

•Scrolling • Full performance cursor

• Over 2K on-screen characters with
only 3MHz bandwidth

• Variety of line/charwrter formats

including 16/32 , 16/64 even 32/64

• User selectable line lengths

TELL ME MORE I ( ) send free catalog

( ] Send instruction manual for the TVT-6 Kit with full operalionaJ details j
%1 enclosed. *

Namcr ;

MAH. today To: Address: '

City:

State:

Zip:

ELECTRUNICSJNC, DEPT. 10-H, 1020 W.WILSHIRE BLVD.. OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73116 -

105

Computerized
Global Calculations

-- finding the best way to Pago Pago

Carl Wagaj' VEZEKR
PO Box 71 1
Waterloo, Ontario
Canada N2J 4C3

10 PHINT "THIS IS GLOEiL**

20 PRINT " "

30 REM TWPUT DATA FOB «T LOCATIOK

kO PHINT "MY LOCATION IS"

50 PRINT "LATI'nJDE(Di:0,MIN, 1 FOR NORTH- 0 FOR SOUTH)**

60 INPUT L2,M2»Y

70 PRINT "LONQITODE(DEG,MIN, 1 FOR EAST- 0 FOR WEST) »

80 ITTFUT L1,MT,Z

90 PRINT " «

100 HEM CALCULATE COITSTANTS FOR HT LOCATION

110 L1 = (I1+(Kl/60))*3.ii»i59/180

120 L2=(L2+(M2/60})*5*ll|159/l80

130 K1=SINCL2)

1^0 K2=C0SCL2)

150 IF Z=0 THEN 170

T60 Lt=-L1

170 IF T=1 THEN 190

180 KI=-K1

190 PRINT " ^

200 REM INPUT DATA FOR HIS LOCATION

210 PRIIIT "HIS LOCATION IS"

220 PRINT ^'LATITUDECDEGjMIK^ 1 FOR NORTH-0 FOR SOOTH)"

230 INPUT Lif,Mi+,B

240 PRINT ^^LONQI TUBE (DEG^ KIN ^ 1 FOR EA;ST-0 FOR WEST)"

250 INPUT L3rM3»A

Z€Q PRINT " "

270 REM CALCULATE CONSTANTS FOR HIS LOCATION

280 L3=(L3+(K3/60))«3.iV159/t80
290 Lif={Lifr+(M%/60)) •5.11^159/ 180
300 IF A=1 THEN 530

510 C1=ABS(L1-L5)
520 GOTO 3ifO

530 C1^AB5(L1+13)

31+0 IF Cl<3-1i4l59 THEK 360

350 Cl=(2*3.m59)-Cl

360 IF 1=1 TREK 390

370 K1=-K1

380 REH CALCULATE DISTANCE

390 Al^(Kl*(SlNCLW)) + (K2*(C0StLi|))»CC0S(C1)))

i|00 l>=(5pli|l59/2)-(ATN(Al/(SQR(1-Att2))))

k^0 D=69•15*180*D/5.^t^T59
If 20 PRINT " "

i+30 REM OUTPUT

J+40 PRINT "DISTANCE IN MILES", D

If 50 D1=1,6093'D

1+60 PRINT "DISTANCE IN OLOMETRES",©!

k?0 STOP

480 END

Fig, }. Program /is ting for GLOB A L

HOW many of you DXcrs
now keep 3 hand calcu-
later next to your rig? After
Frank Kelly described "Glo-
bal Calculations for the
DXer" in tne August, 1976,
issue of 73 Magazine, no
doubl some of you have Iried
it The article showed how to
calculate the distance be-
tween two places anywhere in
the world.

When you're working that
rare DX in Timbuktu, it's
always nice to drop a tidbit
of information like, 'i cal-
culate that our QSO spans a
distance of 8346 kilometers,
0 S L ? " Pretty im pressi ve-
sounding information, no
doubt J and it's a novel topic
for conversation.

After a while, though, you
can become tired of doing all
of thai number-crunching
every time. No doubt some of
you have let the bit bug bit^.
Either you have picked up
some type of microcomputer
or are at least interested in
them. If so, let the number-
crunching bother you no
more. Let the computer do
it!

This article describes a
computer program that cal-
culates the shortest distance
between any two points on
the globe. All you need to do
is type in the latitude and
longitude of any two loca-
tions on Earth, and it prints

out the distance in miles and
kilometers,

I call the program GLO-
BAL, for obvious reasons,
and it is written in the pro-
^mmlng language BASIC.
GLOBAL is listed in Fig. 1. It
is very straightforward and
takes very little time to run.
In Fig. 1, statement numbers
40 through 90 have the com-
puter ask you to input infor-
mation about your location
or the location of the first
station. {If you are holding a
three-way QSO, you could
tell the other fellows how far
apart they are.) Statements
100 through 180 calculate
the parameters for the first
station. Unlike Kelly's meth-
od, your station can be lo-
cated anywhere in the world*
So, if you're not in North
America, you can still use the
program. Statements 200
through 250 ask you ques-
tions about the second sta-
tion's location, and state-
ments 280 through 370 cal-
culate the parameters for his
location. The actual calcula*
tion of distance is carried out
from statement 390 through
410, and then the distance is
output in both miles and kilo-
meters.

The language BASIC that I
used may be slightly dif-
ferent from the one that
you Ye using, but Tve at*
tempted to make it so that
the program will work on
most machines. Notice that
when inputting latitude^ you
must type 1 for north or 0 —
zero for south latitudes. If
your machine will accept
what they call string variables
(mine won't), then you could
change the program to accept
the letters ''N'^ or "S'\orthe
words ** North*' or ''South/*
The same applies for longi-
tude. You will need to alter
the IF statements; 150, 170,
300 J and 360, For instance,
150 would become: 150 IF
Z$=^**W" then 170. Also, all
of the variables, A, B, Y, and
Z, would need to be changed
to A$, B$, Y$, and Z$, since
these usually denote string
variables.

One other important point

THIS IS SLOBAL

RON

THIS IS GLOBAL

MT LOCATION IS

LATITUDE(DEG,MIN, 1 FOR NORTH-0 TOH SOUTH)

7*10.52,1

LONGTTUDECI>EG,MIFr, T FOB EAST-0 FOP W13T)

775* 19,0

HI LOCATION IS

LATITODE(DSG,Mra, 1 TOR KOOTH-0 FOH SOUTH)

?40»52tl

LOKGITUDE(DEG,MIir, 1 FOR EAST-0 FOR WEST)

?73,19,0

HIS LOCATION IS

LATITUDE CDEG J tilN, X FOE NORTH-0 FOR SOUTH)

?£f8. 52,0,1

LONGITUDE{DEG,MIKJ FOR EAST-0 FOR WTEST)

?2.2,0,1

HI 5 LOCATIOfT IS

LATITUDE(DEG,MIN 1 FOR PTORTH-O FOR SOUTH)

?22.5itjO,0

LONQITUDE(DEQ»MIN, t FOR EAST-0 FOR WEST)

?it3* 15, OpO

DISTANCE IN MILES
DISTANCE IN KILOHin'RES

5596-772218
5788,28553

DISTANCE IN MILES
DISTANCE IN KILOMETRES

4793.847786
7714*759241

Fig, 2 Two runs far GLOBAL, The first calculates the distance between Huntington^ Long bland, NY and Paris^ France. The
second calculates the distance between Huntington and Rio de Janeiro^ Brazil,

is that GLOBAL converts
degrees to radians before
caEculating. Make sure that
your version of BASIC uses
radians for angle calculaiions.
If your BASIC needs degrees,
then youll have to eliminate
the conversion factors
(3.14159/180) from stat^
ments 110, 120, 280, 290,
and 410, and you'll have to
change pi (3 J 41 59) to the
value 180 in statements 340,
350, and 400. One last thing
yotj should know is that part

of statement number 400
reads like this: SQR(1 -At t2).
The Alt 2 means Al to the
exponent 2, or AT squared.

Some machines may need
that written Al *'*=2, or^ if all
else fails, just multiply A I by
itself (A1*A1). So with these
hints in mind, you should be
able to get GLOBAL to per-
form for you, no matter what
kind of BASIC your machine
eats.

Fig, 2 shows the output
for two different runs of the

program. These two runs are
identical with the examples
that Frank Kelly gave in his
articte. The first run calcu-
lates the distance between
Huntingtonj Long Island, NY
{40^52^N., 73'19'W.) and
Paris, France (48.52'*N.
2.2'' E.) as a total of 3595
miles, which is the same as
Kelly's figure. The second run
calculates the distance be-
tween Huniington and Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil (22.54*5,,
43J5^W4 as 4794 miles,

again the same as in Kelly's
calculations.

If you get tired of typing
In your own location, you
can always calculate LI, L2,
K1, and K2 from your loca-
tion and assign these in the
first statements of your pro-
gram. You could then elim-
inate statements 40 through
180- By the way, GLOBAL
takes up very little space in
memory, less than IK, and
the above measure would
reduce it even more, ■

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D Decode sensitivity better than lOnnvRMS, bandwidth, ±2 Hz max^ linnited

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D Frequency accuracy, ±25 Hz, frequency

stability ±.1 Hz
n Encodes continiKDusIy and simultaneously

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hang-up
D Totally immune to RF

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CATIONS SPECIAUSTS

P.O. BOX 153
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(714) 998-3021

107

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1912 Huntington
Hofiman Estates IL 60195

Bob Lmdse/ WB9WXM
2120 HasseU Rd.. Apt. 106
Hofiman Estates IL 60J 95

Micro Meets JANET

-- meteor scatter, anyonev

The idea of utilizing
meteor scatter propaga-
tion for data transfer first
occurred to W5HK and
WB9WXM during one of their
long, frequent bull sessions
on FM this past AprIL Bob
had just received his first
computer, an 8080, and Steve
was nearly through reading
Hobby Computers Are Here.
Both were looking for a way
to genuinely show the
computer's vatue in VHF
communications. It was not
long before the pulse data
characteristics of data trans^
fer encouraged them to look
at an old mode that has been
almost forgotten — meteor
scatter. This mode has never
been highly popular, either
commercially or with the
amateur^ because it requires
either high speed CW or a
very quick mouth on SSB to
communicate. Information
transfer Is tedious and re-
quires more patience than
most of us have. But
wouldn't this mode be ideal
for the microprocessor and
the transfer of data in quick
bursts?

A look through a nearby

VOK

iiyOi<3 m

Audio out

MODUtATCO

r-iicQi(TPfaL

technical library showed an
interesting fact: Most infor*
mation on meteor scatter was
written in the 1950s, and
there appeared to be consid-
erable interest in it until
satellites attracted the
interest and backing of
government and industry.
Almost an entire issue of the
Proceedings of the IRE was
devoted to the mode in late
1957. In it were described the
successful commercial experi-
ments conducted between
1953 and 1956 using meteor
scatter. The JANET principle
refers to the technique first
suggested in 1950 by
McKinley and proven
commercially in a long term
RTTY link over a 950 km
path in Canada between 1954
and 1956- JANET utilizes a
duplex system of two stations
and a continuously transr
mttting carrier. When A is
transmitting^ B Is lisieningfor
the signal to appear from a
trail. These ionization trails
appear in the upper atmo-
sphere and vary in length
from 1 5 to 40 km. They have
a thickness on the order of 1
meter.* When the detector

IMiT*

registers a
signal level,
storing data-

predetermined
it will begin
JANET, as the
IRE article states, was named
after Janus, the Roman god
of the doorway who looked
both ways at once.^

Meteor scatter itself is a
result of the continuous,
although sporadic, bombard-
ment of the Earth by meteor-
ites. Approximately 10^0
particles, representing a mass
of approximately 1 ton, hit
the Earth each day.^ The
important point is that a fiery
spectacle is not required to
produce a usable trail; grains
of sand that are invisible
when entering will suffice.
The meteoric particles enter
the ionosphere at a height of
80-120 km. "Although a
single observer may see only
two or three visible meteors
per hour, hundreds of trails
can be detected in the same
period by sensitive radio
equipment/'^

The average number of
trails varies from season to
season, for reasons best left
to further reading, and
meteor showers can greatly
enhance the duty cycle of
communications. For pur*
poses of reliable year-round

communications, we are
interested in the fact that
trails are always present and
that their occurrence is
always frequent enough to
ensure a reasonable informa-
tion rale (60 wpm at a
continuous RTTY speed of
1300 wpm, for example, in
tests conducted in the
1950s).

The characteristics of the
trails are such that fading is a
problem because high altitude
winds can shifl the ionized
gas trail slightly; trails that
are either underdense or over-
dense can introduce distor-
tion of the signal, A small
number of trails appearing at
the optimum angle betvween
two points become the
vehicle for the communica-
tions link. An effective
system would endeavor to use
a single trail at a time in order
to minimize fading and multi-
path distortion, Thus^ the
practical duty cycle would be
decreased, to less than .05.^
Because of the critical angle
of entry for meteors to form
usable trails between points A
and B, the optimum path is
not a great circle route, but,
rather^ a few degrees to either
side. An effective antenna for
50 MHz would be a non-
highly directional yagi. Great
success was achieved with
JANET, using two five-ele-
ment yagis aimed 8° either
side of the great circle path
and 8*^ above the horizon.
Because of the Earth's rota-
tion^ more trails will appear
on one side of ihe direct path
in the morning and the other
in the evening. This antenna
permits both propagation
paths to be utilized.

At the time the JANET
principle was published and
advocated as a com mere iaJ
viability^ the error rate had
been reduced to less than 0.1
percent, and average informa-
tion rates from 30 to 50 wpm
were achieved- The major

START
CODE

£MD
CO DC

■ — "

njk'r*. lO: ■ A tia

■■

Oa,

■«i

* 1

Fig, 1.

Fig. 2.

problem, as was to be expect-
ed, was to develop effective
gating equipment to deter-
mine when the signal from
the distant station was at a
usable threshold.

Since most of the work on
the meteor scatter mode has
been done in the 30-50 MHz
range, it is difficult to predict
exLtctly what the relative
values for error rate and duty
cycle would be on 144 iVIHz.
From discussions with other
amateurs, we learned that
meteor scatter commonly
provides 3-6 second trails on
six meters, 1-2 second trails
on two meters, and possible
occasional trails on 432 MHz,
From our attempts to find
articles and to locate other
individuals who were familiar
with the mode, we learned
several things that were
disappointing. Very little was
done with the mode commer-
cial ly after Uie satellite
became a reality, very few
VHF amateurs had ever
worked the mode or knew
anything of it, and a great
deal remained to be done at
144 MHz and above to deter-
mine its characteristics.

From our investigation of
the mode, we became
convinced that meteor trail
scatter J although practically
forgotten, had very consider-
able potential for data trans-
fer and that experimentation
on I wo meters would be
essential to find the answers.
In summing up the mode's
disadvanta^s (from a data
viewpoint), there are few.
The path appears to be
limited to 2000 km, is not as
fast as satellite or other
continuous modes, and would
require well-aimed antennas
and precision tuning between
amateur stations to effective-
ly utilize the short burst time
with a minimum of '*search
and setup** time. These dis-
advantages are vastfy over-
shadowed by the advantages:

1. Reliable communications,
regardless of sunspot or solar
conditions;

2. 24 hour a day usability,
unlike the amateur satellites;

3. A reasonably low error
rate, due to the inherently

Stat (DTI

Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station

A Send
B Receive
B Ser^d
A Receive
A Send
B Receive
B Send
A Receive
A Send
B ReceJv©
B Send
A Beceive
A Send
B Receive
B Send

/ / /We9WXM (S) BOB (S) IL {R» +++

WB9WXM BOB tU
/ / WB9WXM {S) W5HK (S} STEVE (R)

WB9WXI\/J W5HK STEVE
/ //TS700 <S) 100W (S) 4L {S\ YG (RJ +++

TS700 100W4LyG
/ / nx (S) YS221 (S} SOW (S) 5L (S) YG (R)

TX YS221 50W5LYG
/ / /PLS tS) OSL fS) TNX iSi 4 (S) QSO (R)

PLS QSL TIMX4QS0
/ / /73 (S) BOB iS) OK (S) QSL (RJ -m-

73 BOB OK QSL
/ / /73 (S) W89WXM (S} QRX (R) +++

73 WB9WXM QRX
///W5HK (S) QRX (R) +++

This is how a typical QSO might appear. Total QSO time — 8 minutes. A new state was worked
on two meters, direct and with meteor burst data transmission. (S) = space^ (R) - return^ / / / =
start code, and -f-H- = end code.

stable condition of the path

for the short lime it is there;

4. A degree of security and
privacy not achievabte on HF
or satellite repeaters - the
critical angle of usable trails
between points A and B
precludes usable signals being
detected beyond several
iiundred kilometers around
each station;

5. Spectrum efficiency and
reuse as a result of 4 above —
indeed, ihe authors of the
1957 article on JANET be-
lieve stations could operate
on the same frequency if they
are operating from moderate-
ly right angles to one
another's paths;

6. Above all, this mode is
uniquely suited to the sporad-
ic, parcel nature of data
communications; the birth of
hobby computers makes
meteor trails viable as they
n^ver have been before,
making possible an inexpen-
sive and reliable way for
nationwide contacts using the
home computer.

At this point, we decided
to develop a working system
built around the 8080 uP.
First^ wc had to decide what
basic system configuration
could best utilize the meteor
burst mode in a relatively
economical fashion.

Meteor Burst Modes

Several possibilities exist

for the automatic transfer of
data via meteor bursL In
decreasing order of complex-
ity:

1, Full duplex — A duplica-
tion of ihc )ANET system
provides a station with the
ability to utilize the greatest

number of trails, thus

increasing usable transmission
rates. For the exchange of
large amounts of data, it is
probably the only viable tech-
nique. For the amateur, it has
several pitfalls. The narrow
spacing that would have to be
used on two meters (if the
repeater segment were to be
avoided) would require an
expensive duplexer and cavi-
ties. Critical retuning would
have to be performed every
time the frequency was
changed. A much simpler
duplex system, available to
any amateur, would involve
crossband operation between
2 and 1V4 meters or 2 and 6
meters. This alternative
should be considered in the
future.

2. Modified full duplex - In
theory, a commercial base
station, amateur repeater, or
television station could be
monitored by a distant
meteor burst station. The
reception of the monitored
signal from point A at point
B could be used to gate the
amateur transmitter to release
data. If both points A and B
utilized this gating method,
higher transmission rates
could be achieved.

3. Simplex — This requires
selection of defined irans-
mission periods that are long
enough to have a high
probability of hitting one
usable traiL Much less infor-
mation could be exchanged
than with 1 or 2, but for the
VHF amateur using a 300
baud per second rate with a
microprocessor, 30 baud, or
approximately six words,
cou!d be transferred in a 1/10

second bursts This is more
than adequate for DXing or
short messages. It is the
suggested technique because
of its relative cost. One
minute transmissions would
result in a high probability of
completed QSOs in less than
ten minutes, with none of the
tedium associated with
conventional meteor burst
operation. Experimentation
would determine the best
transmission length and data
pared size. After this tech-
nique was developed, trans-
mission bursts might
effectively be decreased to
rapidly transfer data. Of
course, an individual
interested in high volume
traffic would then find
considerable merit for con-
structing a station based on
duplex or crossband
operation. For most amateur
operation, simplex operation
would be fully adequate. It is
this system we are developing
and to which we are encour-
agng interest be directed.

5im|>lex Version

Having determined that we
would utilize a simplex
system, we decided that we
would need the following
basic components:

1. 2 meter FM transceiver
with 100 Watts and 4-7
element vagi;
2- Microcomputer;

3. TTY or video terminal;

4, Modulator and demodula-
tor.

A block diagram using the

simplex version is shown in
Fig. 1. The data format is
shown in Fig. 2*

103 im

BflMPLE ^(JP

fE5

'IWERI

Ihlf'Ut DAI A
U&1

l«

EMI C03E

CtCLE iiMt:

l>»

141 04 T A

KIT Tl^JlifS

»«

STftHT C»CLE
TiMtPf

SEVm DATI,

YES

TWAH =

»2

Fig, 3. Flowchart of the program that will be used in the fir^
system.

Mode of transmission wifl
be narrow band FM with
deviation between 2.5 and 5
kHz. Experimentation will
begin at 5 kHz. The modula-
tor and demodtjtaior are
based on the Audio Cassette
Standard described in the
article entitled *'A Nifty
Casset teCom pu tcr System "
in Hobby Computers Are
Here. Since this standard has
been adopted by the industry
for the audio transfer of
digital information, it
provides the most economical
and effective means of trans-
ferring data, at the reasonably
fast rate of 300 baud per
second-* Secondly, although
the original JANET system
utilized double sideband AM
with audio frequency shift

•In this article, the lonesof 2400
cydes for mark and 1200 cydes
for space are suggested. These
tones are refatively in©)<pensjve to
generate; a stable 4800 Hi can be
divided by 2 for mark, and
divided by 4 for space.

110

keying, narrow band FM
provides advantages in terms
of signal to noise ratio and
noncriticalness of tuning.
Those who have operated
FSK on HP wilt appreciate
the criticalness of exact
tuning. FSK is not tolerable
with a short burst meteor
mode. With FM, a signal
tuned in reasonably close will
provide a usable signal, and,
unlike FSK, the frequency of
the audio tone is automatic-
ally in tune. As a further
bonus, this provides the
multitude of VHF FMers
with the ability to use exist-
ing FM gear^ if they couple it
with an inexpensive micro-
processor-based data system.
Of course, further experi-
ments can use SSB^ FSK, or
other more exotic modes,
such as decimal frequency
shift keying. The goat here is
to provide the largest number
of amateurs with an
inexpensive yet effective way
of using this mode.

K tnifiai program waits for a command.

Z Decision block: If a tT) is typed Jn or an (R)^ will either

jump to block #3 Of #1 2.

3. Start Code block: Type in the Start Code to be sent and to
be sampJed when in the receive program.

4. End Code block: Type in the End Code to be sent and to be
sampled when in the receive program.

5. Type in the cycle time desired: '^, 1. 2 min. etc. This is the
total time the data message will be cycled.

6. Type »n the message to be sent, up to 19 diaracters. Tht last
character of the message has to be a carriage return,

7. Because of carriage return being typed^ the system keys the
transmitter.

R The cycle timer h activated (this is a sof tvkfare timer}.

9. The total data is sent — Stan Code» message data. End Code.
10. Decision btock detects if the End Code is sent, if {no) is
generated the program loops back to #9 until a yes Is generated
in ^10. Once this happens the program jumps lo # 1 1 .
11- Decision block to determine if the cycle time is reset: If
(noj the system continues to ^end the data until the cycle itmer
is reset. Once this is irue, the program jumps to the receive block
#12,

1 2. Un-ktys transmitter for receive portion of program,

13. Sample for Start Code.

14. Decision: If Start Code is false, then continues sampling. If
true* jumps to #15,

1 5. Start a timer whose length is equal to the maKimum number
of remaining characters, which is 22.

16. Load data to buffer register.

17. Sample data for End Code,

1 8. Decision block for End Coder If true, go to #19* '\f false, go
to — 20,

19. If End Code vsas detected, then the da^ between Start Code
and End Code fs printed out.

20. If End Code was not detected, this decision block is used to
determine if the 22 character timer #15 has timed out, If no,
jump back to #17, If yes, return to #13. Begin Start Code
sampling.

Fig, 4,
Now let's return to the circuit; this will enable the

data format and give it a
closer look. Total trans-
mission was chosen to be 25
baud in 1 /1 0th of a second or

less, repeated for 1 minute.
The repetition is to insure
that a complete data trans-
mission will be received. The
first 3 baud are the recogni-
lion code, thus allowing the
receiving station to know if a
transmission is starting. The
next 19 baud are information
such as call, QTH, handle^
etc. Last, the remaining 3
baud are the ending code to
Lei I the receiving micro-
processor that the message is
completed. Tola! trans-
mission time is < 1/lOtJi
second; repeating for \
minute will cycle this 500
times. Only experimentation
will determine if this time is
sufficient. When the receiving
station has decoded an ending
code, it will print out the
message, and the receiving
station can then send a reply
by the same format. When
sending data, the micro-
processor will key the trans-
mitter by using the VOX

transceiver to be either

receiving or transmitting as
determined by the micro-
processor program.

That's the total system in
operation, but one of the
most important things is the
microprocessor program.
Since both W5HK/9 and
WB9WXM are not the most
proficient programmers of
microprocessors (we are both
learning), we brought in a
third party to write the
program, (See Figs. 3 and 4.)
Gary Chaff in is a non-.
amateur who has a great love
for the microprocessor and
programming; he is also one
of the sharpest people we
know in that field. The
microcomputer we jjc using
is the lASIS Computer in a
Book. Besides being a
learning tool, it is also a
powerful microcomputer
using the 8080A,

Condusion

At this point in time^ we
are actively constructing a
system based on the
principles described in this

article- The reason for writing
til is article now, rather than
after a system is fully opera-
tional, is quite simple; we
need the assistance of other
interested VHFers outside of
this area to prove the system.
Whereas an EME enthusiast
can test his system by listen*
ing for his echo, the narrow
propagation angles and short
time for reflection from a
meteor trail only 100 km in
altitude make it impossible to
ose the same technique.
We believe this technique

has considerable potemial
and feel it is an effective
marriage of the microcomput-
er and the meteor burst
mode. It has the potential for
contacts that are not limited
in duration as are present
OSCAR QSOs, or distance as
is the case with conventional
VHF propagation. From the
Chicago area we should be
able to work most of the
country on meteor burst. We
welcome those with
computers and interest to
join us on 145.180 this

whal can
JANET is
utilized in

winter. We could all be
pleasantly surprised with

be done when
refurbished and
an environment
where she best functions —
the short data bursts of the
modern microprocessor. ■

Reference

1. ''Radio prDpag^tton by reflec-
tion from meteor trails/* Susgar,
G . R ., Pfcmedingt of the fEEE
{t964),52, 116,p. 121.
Z "The Pnncipfes of JANET - A
Mete or -Bur St CommunicatiDn
System/' Forsyth, Vogan, Han-
sen, and H\T}es, Proceedings of the

IRE, December, 1957, p, 1643.

3. Ibid,, p. 1644.

4. Ibid., p. 1644,

5. Ibid., p. 1653.

Suggested BiMiography

Proceedings of the IRE, Decem-
ber, 1957 (numerous articles).
Meteor Astronomy , A.C.B.
Lovell, Clarendon Press, Oxford,
England, 1954.

"Meteor scatter: a newly dis-
covered means for extended range
communication in the 15 and 20
meter bands/' QST, Vol, 37, pp.
11-15, 15b April, 1953.
"Radio propagation by reflection
from meteor trails," Sugar, G.R.,
Proc. IEEE (1964), pp. 52, 116.

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Edward J, Mufvnn WB01FF
4606 Merle Hay Road, Suite A
Des Moines lA 50322

Run, Sheila, Run!

-- real-life radio control

The flfteen-year-oId girl
was placed in the
starting blocks, A silence fell
over the stadium. Everyone
was tense, straining. The

starter raised his pistol and
called, ** Runners on your

maric, ready!"

"BANG!" The report of
the starter's pistol pierced the

ibn

B5&

Coach Jim Blasingame aims Sheila Hoizworth in the starting
blocks.

silence and tenseness of the
stadium. Sheila leaped from
the blocks like a coiled
spring, and, for the next 14,2
seconds, the only sound to be
heard was the pounding of
her feet on the cinder track,
along with the almost-
monotone of my voice
speaking into a microphone
telling the blind Sheila, "Left
— left — right - looking real
good — half way — now,
youVe there - real good -
that*s alh you're done now,"
I laid the microphone
down and turned the trans-
mitter off, as there was no
longer any need for it. Her
teammates had met her and
were now walking her back to
the stands. Sheita was very
dejected with her time. The
14,2 was not very good for
the one-hundred-yard dash.
She had been very nervous on
this run, as sfie had gotten
into the fence on an earlier
practice run that day. She
had had only about a dozen
practice sessions with the
radio equipment she was
using.

14.2 seconds for the one-
hundred-yard dash may not
be a good time for your
average runner, bul Sheila
changed that the following
week with a 13.2 time. The
second time she was not as

nervous and had had a few
more practice sessions. Sheila
Is now within three-tenths of
a second of the rest of her
team, which is not bad for a
grrt who, only five years ago,
lost both of her eyes. It was a
freak accident in which the
orthodontic headgear she was
wearing broke and flew
into her eyes. Her father,
being a doctor, had given her
immediate first aid, and she
started to recover. But a
secondary infection set in,
and it became necessary to
remove both of her eyes.

Now, five years later, she
wants to do, and does do,
everything that other fifteen-
year-old girls do - skate-
boarding, roller skating,
riding horses, bicycling
(tandem) — and she planned
to participate in the bicycle
ride across Iowa this year.
She also beg$ to be allowed to
drive a car. Prior to the acci-
dent, she was very active in
track and athletics, but the
accident slowed her down a
bit- She used to run with her
coach in front of her, but in
the high school meets this
can't be done.

A friend of mine, who also
knows Sheila*s family, asked
me one day, '*Ed, you're a
ham and know about radio; is
there any way thai we can

114

wire Sheila for sounds so she
could run in track?^*

My response waSj "Let me
see what [ can scrounge up
and what is available/* I was
th inlying of two meters and a
pocket scanner, on a little
used frequency, with ear-
phones. It sounded like a
good idea, if a bit bulky. But^
at least. It could be made to
work, and this kid really
wanted to compete with the
other kids on their level,

A quick call to another
ham, Ron Kinton WB0MBZ
(who knows a lot more about
radio than I and has a bigger
junk box), revealed that it
might take time to get
crystals for an odd frequency
and that the plain bulk of the
pocket scanner might not be
good. He said he would get
back to me the next day.
Sure enough, he did, with a
model airplane receiver
donated by another ham,

Tom Taylor K^HHE, It was
already on six meters, so Ron
proceeded to modify it by
removing all the heavy digital
circuits and adding one stage
of audio amplification. This
proved to be sufficient
to drive a high impedance
earphone. To get the receiver
down to the lower part of six
meters, a surplus crystal from
an old Collins aircraft trans-
mitter was found. These com-
ponents combined to give us
the magic number of 50.4
MHz for a receiver frequency.
Ron gave me the receiver
and totd me to tune it up and
make it work. He even
donated his ancient Gonset
Communicator III for the
cause. But he didn^t have a
50,4 rock. His vfo for the
Gonset didn't work either. I
had a Heath sixer and a 50.4
rock, which ! soon found out
was no good either. But the
Heath H W-1 6 I used for a CW

station had a vfo that worked
on six meters. It was pressed
into service to provide the
proper signal to tune the re-
ceiver with. The HW-T6 and
vfo combined with a counter
enabled me to tune the re-
ceiver down to the proper
frequency, and, in the mean-
time, I was able to locate
another 50,4 crystal. After a
Few hours of tweaking i-fs
and coils^ it became apparent
that I needed to get further
away from the transmitter. I
then called yet another ham.
Ken Freberg WB0IFE, Good
old Ken, he never questions
the crazy stuff I do, just helps
out any way he can. We took
the Novice course to-
gether and got consecutive
calls, and I have had him over
for several projects. Ken took
over the duties of operator,
and 1 became a **Sheila" and
proceeded to walk up and
down the street at night, in a

light rain^ muttering to my-
self, while trying to fine tune
that tiny receiver, which we
now had down to just about
one ounce of weight, in-
cluding the earphone.

After satisfying myself
that this just might work, 1
contacted Sheila's family, and
we made arrangements for a
few tests. This proved to be
very encouraging. I presented
to Sheila the tiny receiver and
the large, seven ounce carbon
battery that we had for
practice. Now was the time
for the first of many trips for
Sheila^ with my voice in her
ear. She held the receiver and
battery in her hand, while
holding the earphone in her
ear — it wouldn't stay in her
ear, so she had to hold it. A
walk down her long, broad
driveway was an outstanding
success for both of us. I was
even able to guide her up to
and around several parked

EM^t^E-*

Receiver module showing the high impedance earphone with
medical IV tubing and Y junction. The splice between the IV
tubing and the Plant run ics earphones is medical catheter
tubing.

Sheila with her headband. The object on this side is a nicad
battery. One antenna is warn in fronts the other in back, both
under her shirt

115

cars. It is difficult to say who
was more excited over the
promises this held for Sheila,
but il was decided right away
that she should try to run
with the radio. A belt was
brought out to tape the heavy
battery to. Some surgical tape
was used to hold the ear-
phone in pEace and also to
wrap the receiver with, so it
could be pinned to her shirt.
Her coach ^ who lived nearby,
showed up, and we proceeded
to let Sheila run. In her very
own tunnel, in the absolutely
black abyss world of the
blind, with only the voice of
the person who held the
microphone to guide her^ she
ran.

Her best friend, Kim
Novak, was asked to try as a
controller for her. Because of
their long friendship, we
thought she would be good,
but Kim got too excited and
was unable to tell Sheila what

she had to know. Her coach
then took over the micro-
phone for the rest of the test
that day. It soon became
apparent that we had a real
winner on our hands. This girl
and her abilities are fantastic.
t returned to my home
and proceeded to rework all
the external hookups, so the
f^eiver could be placed in a
sweatband. My wife made a
pocket in the headband for
the receiver. Another pocket
was added later for a nicad
battery, which was added for
the competition runs. The
placement of 2 antennas was
necessary, as her body would
null the signal when she was
between the transmitter and
receiving antennas* With the
system pretty well completed
and refined, I met with Sheila
nearly every day for poctice.
Because of our practice
schedule^ I have become
Sheila's controller. True, it

takes time, but what better
way to develop a hobby into
something positive?

This girl was so eager and
trying so hard that she
developed shin splints, which
were extremely painful, but
she kept on trying. We finally
had to quit for a few days, so
Sheila could recover, I found
that if I asked her if she hurt,
the answer was always **no,"
but if I watched her very
closely, I could tell when she
hurt. I had to watch her
constantly, until she finally
realized that she couldn't per-
form when her legs were sore,

!t is still a real problem to
keep her in the narrow space
that is allowed on a track, but
I am sure that the day will
come when Sheila will keep
in her lane, and she will come
out in one of the first three
placK, The amazing thing is
the faith and trust this girl
has to run down a track with

no more than someone telling
her which way to gol We have
all tried it at one time or
another^ and the results of
seeing another ham walking
down the track blindfolded,
with the radio for a guide,
can sometimes be quite
funny. When Sheila does it,
running faster than any of us
old men can, it is nothing
short of amazing. She makes
mistakes^ but don*t we all?
They don't make her feel
very good, but, with practicCp
I am sure that she can do the
things thai she wants, I don't
think I can ever take this girl
and her efforts as common*
place or for granted. I con-
stamly marvel ather abiliti^,
and I will be forever fateful
for the opportunity I have
had to work so closely with
her. The fact that amateur
radio has had a hand in this
project just makes my hobby
that much better, ■

Rear view of the headband showing the pocket holding the
receive' and battery and the placement of the audio tubes. The
two wires coming down are the antennas.

Ron Kinton WBQMBZ making some adjustments on the
Gonset Communicator til duritjg a practice session, with
Sheiia standing next to him. The antenna is a 5/8 wat^e on 2m
extended to % plane on 6m using aluminum foil for a ground
plane. Works FB, 1:1 swr.

116

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with all milt«s ef tnisciinn $liQ°5
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»ntf trt« folbwiig ftiNiri crf^tals
6 $£.S1) <ich: f

$2995
$2995
$5995
$4995

n BankAmerlcard #.
O Master Charge #.
□ Interbank #,

ExpFres
E;(pires
Expires

IN residents add 4% sales tax:

Afi orders sh'tfiped post paid withif} continent ai U^$.

Add %A per l^adio for Shippmg. HandMne, and Crystal Netting,

ACCESSORIES FOR GTX-t and fiTX-lT
D PSMt Optional Nicad battery pacl< ..„ *29'*

n PS-2 Charger for GIX-ltT) battery pack ....... '39'*

D GLC-1 Leather carrying case „ 12

D TE-II! Tone Encoder (for use with GTX4) .„ *49'*

y >N 78 0

N 78 ORLANDO HAMCATION 78 ORLANDO HAMCATION 78 ORLANDO HAMCATIQN

o
<

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O

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D

.,...Have you been thinking about a wonderful Florida vacation, to places
such as Disney World, Cypress Gardens, Sea World, the famous East and

West coast beaches, and many of our other near by attractions??.^.

NOW, think about combining that vacation with one of the South's'

greatest Hamfes ts^ . . , ,

and the

FLORIDA STATE

CONVENTION

AT THE SHERATON'S TWIN TOWERS HOTEL & CONVENTION CENTER, ON S-435
NEAR THE CROSSROADS OF THE FLORIDA TURNPIKE AND 1-4 INTERCHANGE.

FEBRUARY 17-1819, 1978

DOORS OPEN... *6PM FRI. the 17th (Swapfest area only).

7AM SAT. the 18th, SAM SUN. the 19th.

ADMISSION, $3 Advance, $4 At the door.
Ladies FREE, Children 14 and under FREE!!!

THOSE ADMITTED FREE MUST BE IN THE COMPANY OF A REGISTERED TICKET HOLDER AT THE DOOR.

MANY DOOR AWARDS

>^o%.

GIGANTIC SWAPFEST AREA

25,000 SQ.FT. OF AIR CONDITIONED INDOOR COMFORT.

SWAPFEST TABLES $5 PER TABLE PER DAY

oO^V^^

'''So

SATURDAY NIGHT BANQUET

$8 per person —Great speaker lineup.

RESERVE BANQUET TICKETS IN ADVANCE.LtMlTED QUANITY AVAILABLE.

FOR ADVANCE REGISTRATION, SWAPFEST AND BANQUET TICKETS

SEND CHECK PAYABLE TO: THE ORLANDO AMATEUR RADIO CLUB. INC.

HAMCATION CHAIRMAN, WB4HAK
6 CAMELLIA DRIVE

De BARY. FLORIDA 32713

All advance ticket sales will be confirmed by return mail, Last postmark for advance sales will be Feb. I2th 1978.

^■^^

FOR SHERATON TWIN TOWERS HOTEL RESERVATIONS, WRITE DIRECTLY TO;
The Sheraton Towers, 5780 Major Blvd. Orlando, Fla. 32805. Sing. $28, Doub, $36 per day.
Call toll free 1*800-325-3535, Mention that you are attending Hamfest Convention,

Ntf^^^q^

Sorry!!! City ordinance prohibits overnight camping (Rec. vehicles etc J on parking lots.

ORLANDO HAMCATION 78 ORLANDO HAMCATION 78 ORLANDO HAMCATION 78 ORLANDO HAMCATION

'sl
09

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118

Booinlng 25 watts output power
@ 14v DC input

Separate controls for independent trans-
mit and receive frequency selection

Switch for lock-in of pre-selected fre-
quency pairs allows one-knob operation

Supersensitive dual-gate MOS FET in
receiver head end

Backlighted for night operation

Factory-Installed, front panel mount 12
digitp alpha-numerrc tone encoder

GTX-200T

(incL 146.94 MHz)

'249"

Featuies Like These Make Genave
The FM Transceiver For You?

The GTX-200T is only one of the superior 2-nieter
transceivers in Genave*s complete line of American-
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All Genave gear is carefully handcrafted under the
strictest quality control conditions in a facility in-
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government for the production of precision aircraft
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And, all Genave amateur FM transceivers are an
unprecedented value because you order factory
direct eliminating middlemen profits!

Each Genave unit has 10,7 MHz first IF and 455
KHz second IF filters for high selectivity, with RF out-
put stages VSWR protected. In addition, Genave
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Standard features include netting trimmers for each
transmit crystal and single circuit board designs
which permit easy modifications.

So, take a good look at the GTX-200T and other
Genave amateur gear. Then fill out the coupon be-
low— better yet, call collect: 317-1-546-7959, today!

GTX-2

2 mster FM, JO Channels, 25
watts wil^ ;)U£hbuttQn frequen^
cy sslector (incl. 146.^ MHi)

D *189"

I
I
I

GTX-200

2 meter FM, IDO channel
combiratians, 23 watts (lACl,
14fi.94 MHl)

□ $13995

GTX-200T

2 meter FM, 100 channeF
combinations, factuiy-inst ailed
front panel nDunt \t digit i\-
pha-numeric tone encodsr.

n 5249'5

GTX-10S

t meter FM, 10 chanrtels^
la wstis ()(tals not in-
cluded)

D »149"

GTX-1

D »249"

GTX-1T

D $299"

ttsnd-lieldj 2 meter fw, 6 cdannfi,
3-0 wattSt GTX-IT ttitft factofy in-
stalled lone encofief.

4t4T Kin^an Ortrt
Indianapolis, IK 4S22S
Pliiie in orders accepted
317/546*1111

Name

Aifdriss

Cily

State & Zip

» Amateur Ca[l

□ Personal Check

Payment by:
0 Certified ChecK/f Money Order
□ C.O^D. Include 20% down

Note; Orders accompanied by personal checks will require about

two weeks to process.

20% down payment enclosed. Charge balance to:

D BankAmericard #_
Q Master Charge #.

D Interbanik #^

Expires.

Exptres.

IN residents add 4% sale^ tax:

All orders shipped post-paid within continental U.S.

Mi $4 per latfia for SfiippinE^ Handling & Zrf%t^\ ftetttni

ACCESSORIES

Q RiDgo Ranger ARX>2 fi db 2-M Base Antenna

□ lamMa/4 IM and 6'M Trunk Antenna „.

□ TI4 Tone Encoder Pad
n TE^H Tone Encoder Pad

w^^^fl^^v^w^^wmm^»

$9S.95

.$23 J5

Q PS'1 Regulated AC Power Suppty for use with all
makes of transceivers 14 VDC 7 amp „.

and the following stanifard crystals

@ $4.50 eacti ......

^..$59.95

■ ■■»■■ 11 If |i*B|fcB>fc ■ #^i-i aria

„...J.

NDn-standanf crystals
@ $6-50 each: „..

ACCESSORIES FOR GTX-1 and GTX^IT

D PS MB Optional Nicad battery pack ......_...... ,„Mim

U PS*2 Charger for GTX-lfT) battery pack ^39.95

n ELC'I Leather carrying ease ^ ... .$12.95

D IE-Ill Tone Encoder (for use with GTX-I) .^.™.JHi.95

-- part VI: antenna suggestions

Tom M. Murphy K5UKH
Rt. If Box ZQIA
Ethel MS 59067

One of the better things
to happen to amateur
radio lately is the availability

of lots and lots of low cost
communications equipment
— new and used Citizen's
Band transceivers. These
range from old tube types to
modern solid state units.

Want to be cheap? )ust do
as I did — find an old tube

photos by James Clegg

radio^ get it into operating
shapej and convert it to 10
meters. I was given a Johnson
Messenger 1 tube radio by a
"good buddy'* who was all
hung up on his latest 40-
channel play-pretty. Well,
sort of "given" , . . it cost me

fO Watts at 29M00MH2,

three beers and a quick radio
repair job, A couple of tubes
later (which I scrounged), I
had it going great on CB
channel 11, The radio was
putting out 10 Watts AM into
a wattmeter and dummy
load.

That's one of the reasons
most of the tube types were
(and still are) so popular.
They could be "tweaked'* for
more output very easily. In
this area, 29,000 MHz is
coming into use for channel
\f since there is really no
established band plan For this
equipment. Let the CW boys
use 28 to 28.5^ of course;
SSB has 28.5 to 29; and let
the AM activity start at
29,000 through 29.290. That
gives everyone a lot of room.

The 2 meter band Is get-
ting more and more crowded.
Onward and upward is the
cry, but the cry I hear right
now is my pocketbook. So,
Iet*s fall back and regroup
and have a whoie bunch of
fun in the process. The John-
son has a 5-channel capacity,
a built-in ac power supply,
and puts out 10 Watts with
no problems. The conversion
was about as simple as
sticking a couple of crystals

in. You just have to tweak on
the rf stages, both receive and
transmit, for optimum perfor-
mance at 29 instead of 27
MHz.

Checking with a number
of good buddies in the area
reveals a huge quantity of
tube type radios. These are
just ideal for conversion to 10
meters. I have a solid state rig
converted to 10 in my truck,
and it works like a champ.
Having solid state for mobile
and a cheap tube set for base
us^ is the way to go. The
people I want to talk to can
now get me on 10 meters
instead of 2. Because it's
sparsely populated^ there's no
problem like on 2, !t was
hard to work SSB on HF
without the 2 meter radio
sounding off. So, this way, if
DX is around, I can get a call
or give one to alert the "good
guys.*'

What about antennas?
Well, there is a lot of "scrap'*

120

lying around. This scrap is
good stuff, and it can usuafly
be obtained for the asking.
Tve seen many antennas
whose only problems were
that the fellows using them
couldn't make them work,
shorted PL-259, cut coax loo
short, etc. The latter may be
just fine for this use because
that's what you have to do to
go up in frequency, of course
— generally cut off about 2
inches for 29 MHz.

The antennas for mobile
use are of many types,
ranging from cheapos to the
expensive, high quality items.
With base-loaded coils, ! just
snip a couple of inches off
the whip, rather than
worrying about getting into
the coil. Then there are the
center-loaded types; again,
take a couple inches off*
On my truck I use a 4-foot,
fiberglass, top-toad ed antenna
(Radio Shack, new $9.95
with $4,95 mirror mount),
which I got for no cost when
one of the fellows was getting
the swr down and trimmed it
off too short. It started going
up on him, and that was it; he
had to scrap it and get a new
antenna- That was fine with
me; it*s going in my direction
anyhow. There's a rubber tip
over the end; remove it, and
you will see the end of a wire.
Carefully take your pocket-
knife, fish the wire out, and
trim. Of course, all the trim-
ming is done while using the
10 meter radio in coni unction
with an swr meter.

Then there's the full
length 'Vhip/' 102 inches
long^ plus a 4*inch spring and
ball mount. If you like it
"whipping** around, trim a
couple and get talking. As
you go down the street, you
will come to know the height
of tree branches above the
street.

Seriously, there's a world
of CB antennas out there just
for the seeking, so put the old
ham spirit to work and
scrounge! Base station an*
tennas are equally as easy to
convert. ]ust a little trimming
is all it takes. They range
from the cheapies that have
no gain (actually a loss com*

pared to dipole reference), to
quartt^f wave, to the big, long
ones, more than 1 9 feet, that
have several dB of gain.
Again, I have a preference as
to type. I just don't like the
big, long ones; they're hard to
handle and sure do catch the
wind. However, if it's cheap,
the price is sure hard to beat,
so that couid be the way to
go. I use a compact antenna
called the "Starduster," I
believe il sells new for about
$45.00. I spent a couple of
hours helping with an an-
tenna erection and inquired,
"What are you going to do
with that old antenna?'* I got
it firee or, at least, as a reward
for my help.

The advantage of a com-
pact antenna is that it can be
easily mounted on top of the
HF or whatever beam with-
out a lot of trouble, whereas
the long ones would be just
about impossible. Of course,
the trimming takes place
closer to the ground. I just
put the antenna on a 20-foot
mast to make adjustments,
and it changes very tittle
when I finally put it way up
Ihere*

Beam antennas? Well,

there are uses, of course. Say
there's one specific direction
you want; you could convert
and side mount the beam.
The average CB beams are
just loo big and unwieldy to
be practical for our use, un-
less they're on top of a tower,
^nd the chances are you al-
ready have a good HF beam. I
have a TH6DXX, and 4
working elements on 10
meters, which are enough for
me. If it is difficult to make
contact on the vertical
polarized ground plane, then
we just switch to horizontal
on the existing HF beam.
Also, the ground plane works
very well in the omnidirec-
tional pattern, to catch calls
from mobiles that may be in
any direction^ and, of course,
band openings. With the
ground plane, I can hear sta-
tions that I would otherwise
miss if I was using the beam
and did not have it turned in
their direction. The ground
plane is up 85 feet, and the
distances worked are amazing
— base to base^ and base to
mobile. If I want to talk to
my good buddy 60 miles
away, I iust ring his number
(channel 1, 29.000 MHz), and

away we go.

There are all sorts of
goodies to be found. I
honestly believe that those
fellows must buy PL-259s by
the bushel. J ust scrounge, and
you can come up with all
sorts of radios, antennas, swr
meters, coax, plugs^ con-
nectors, microphones, power
supplies, external speakers,
coax switches, and a whole
raft of stuff.

I'm looking forward to
conversions of HTs to 10
meters. They sure can do
everything a 2 meter unit can
(using direct frequencies),
and they're a whole bunch
cheaper. It should be lots of
fun for hidden transmitter
hunts, and, when the band
opens, I think it would be a
real kick to talk from here to
California on an NT! SSB CB
radios have come down a lot
in price for the 23-channel
models, but are still fairly
high, I believe they'll come
down some more. How about
a conversion to 29 MHz for
23 channels of AM, with
switching to drop it to the
28.5 MHz region for SSB? It^s
sure going to be fun. So, start
scrounging! ■

Heavy 'duty rf section.

121

Paul Hurm WBBCLF

Box J 73

Seven Mile OH 4S062

CB to

-- part VII: convert a TRC-II

A lot of hams have been
talking about cotv
verting CB rigs for 10 meter
use, Tve even seen band plans
for use with converted
synthesized rigs which retain
the same spacing as the CB
channels. If you would like to
avoid the work needed to
convert a synthesized rig, but
still want to join the group on
10 AM, liy Radio Shack's
Realistic TRC-1 1. It is a six-
channel rig, which requires
very little effort lo be put on
10.

Like most of us who have
to watch our pennieSi 11 ike
to be able to justify buying a
new rig. The justification I
needed grew out of the
results of our first Red Cross
simulated emergency test of
1977- Our drill went well,
but, during the debriefing, it
became apparent that, in a
real emergency, our depen-
dence on 2 meter FM simplex
channels might lead to prob-
lems. We sent three field
teams out. Each team used a
separate simplex frequency,
either 46^ 52, or 94, for their

own communications. The
field control stations also
used our 146.37/97 repeater

for relay to Red Cross head-
quarters.

Our later discussions
pointed out that we should
avoid 94, because it is a re-
peater frequency and mutual
interference could arise. 52 is
a nationally recognized fre*
quency and could be
crowded 46 is set aside by
the Ohio Area Repeater
Council for statewide emer*
gency use. All the frequencies
we used had a potential for
severe interference in the case
of a real emergency, so we
talked about possible alter-
nate frequencies, 10 meter
AM with a converted CB rig
seemed like a natural.

Crystals

The TRC-1 1 is a crystal-
controlled rig and uses
separate crystals for transmit
and receive. The transmitter
uses fundamental frequency
crystals. To transmit on 293
MHz, get one cut for 293,

The receiver is single con-

version with a 455 kHz inter-
mediate frequency. The re-
ceive crystal frequency is 455
kHz less than the frequency
to be received. To receive on
293 MHz, get a crystal cut
for 28345 MHz.

I ordered my set of
crystals from International
Crystal Mfg. Co, 10 N. Lee,
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
73102, They cost $7.90 each.
It may be possible to get
them for less elsewhere, but,
in two separately mailed
ordersj the crystals have been
received within two weeks, so
the service was worth any
extra cost. Their catalog
number for transmit crystals
for the TRC-1 1 is 820308,
For receive it is 8203097.
Specify catalog number and
crystal frequency when
ordering, 1 suggest sending a
check when you order — it
will save time on processing
your order, and International
pays the shipping if you do.

Adjusting the Crystal Oscil-
lators

Don*t! That*s right, you

don't need to do a thing to
the oscillator circuits. They
are broadband enou^ that
they lake off with no prob-
lems at 10 meters. Before I
received my crystals, I
wanted lo see if 1 would need
to work on the oscillators.
The only crystal I had was a
spare for my Hcaihkit SB301
heterodyning chain, and it
was at 29.895, which is above
the 10 meter band. I did want
to check it out, so I jumpered
the crystal into the circuit
and tried it into a dummy
antenna. It worked with no
trouble, so I was sure il
would work in the band as
well.

Tuning for Output Power

Tuning up for maximum
output power on 10 meters is
very simple. Before I retuned
for 10, I wanted to check
how much 1 was getting on
CB channel 9, which comes
with the rig. Before retuning,
channel 9 had 3 Watts, and
293 MHz had about a
quarter of a Watt, After
retuning for 293 MHz, I had
3 Watts there and 1.5 on
channel 9.

To peak the TRC-ll for
10 meters, simply adjust the
settings of coils L5 and L6
for maximum output, as
measured on a wattmeter. All
coils are plainly marked on
the printed circuit board. L5
and L6 are very near the
coaxial connector, towards
the left rear side of the unit.

That's all the work you
need to do to get the TRC-1 1
going on 10 meters. Simple,
isn't it? Although I have
not tried it^ I believe the
Realistic TRC*9A should con-
vert just as easily as the
TRC11. The TRC-9A is
listed as the three-channel,
economy version of the
TRC-ll. It uses the same
crystals, and ihe schematics
are neariy identicak

Antennas

As I mentioned earlier, my
major use for this rig is as an

alternate frequency for emer-
gency use. I did not want to

122

put a permanent antenna on
my car, so I iried Radio
Shack's magnetic mount CB
antenna, model 21*940, and
found that it, too, is very
simple to convert for 10
meter use*

The swr Is adjusted by
decreasing the length of the
whip, using the cut-and-try
method. I physically
shortened the length of the
whip to about 73 cm. On my
unit, minimum swr was ob-
tained with 66,3 cm of the
whip extending above the top

of the collar where the set*
screw is located. I was able to
get the swr down to 1 .2/1 ,

Results

During our second Red
Cross drill, Ted White
WASWQC and I tried identi-
cal mobile setups using the
TRC-n and model 21940
antenna. Our results indicated
nearly 100 percent usability
over a 5-miie path with
several hills and numerous
buildings. Ltne-of*5ight paths
yielded good results at nearly

double this distance.

The only problem we en-
countered was caused by the
fact that I have a rather soft
microphone voice. Using my
usual voice gave poor results,
because I was noti driving the
modulator circuit hard
enough. With a little
self-coniiul, 1 find it is easy
enou^ to speak a little
louder and closer to the mike
to overcome this problem*

If you are looking for a CB
rig that is easy to convert for
use on 10 meters, and don*t

want or need to convert a
23-Ghannel synthesized rig^ I
suggest trying the Realistic
TRGIL

No matter what type of rig
you convert to 10, the model
21-940 magnetic antenna
from Radio Shack is easily
converted to fill your need
for an antenna.

With such an easy way of
getting on 10 meters AM with
a converted CB rig available
to you, you no longer have an
excuse to miss the action. See
you on 10! ■

With the addition of a
^ crystal time base to
my digital clock, it began to
keep time very accurately —
to about a second a month.
Unfortunately J my house
seems to have more than its
share of short power interrup-
tions and blown fuses. An
accurate clock is of no great
use if it must be reset every
few days. Power line inde-
pendence is a necessity for
electronic digital clocks.

None of the ideas on bat-
tery power for clocks could
be adapted to mine without
cutting the foil on the printed
circuit board In at least a
couple of spots. Since I seem
always to manage to slit my
thumb along with the circuit
board, I like to avoid this
approach if at all possible.

The circuit in Fig< 1
should work for just about all
clocks^ wilhout any modiflca-
tic»i to their circuitry. It

amounts to connecting a bat-
tery in series with a resistor
across the output of the clock
supply.

Rl serves two purposes.
First, it limits the charging
current supplied to the bat-
tery while the clock is
plugged in. Second, when
power fails, it limits the dis*
charge current to about S
mA. This causes the clock
LEDs to extinguish I and the
clock runs with no readout,
consuming very little power.

Depending on the clock, a
different value for Rl may be
needed, A little experimenta-
tion will determine an appro-
priate value. Closing SI will

Joseph W. Long WA2EJT
2406 Maria Blvd.
Binghamton NY 1 3903

Battery Backup

for Digital Clocks

-- don't miss a second

allow the readouts to func-
tion on battery powerj but
the battery won't last long
this way, so I used a mo men*
tary contact push-button-
Battery life seems to be
very long in this circuit. After
several months of **fleld test-
ing,*' the battery tests as good
as new* The trickle charge

current it draws seems to do
no harm.

Upon power failure, my
timebase slows down from
3579545 Hz to 357951 5 Hz.
This is a change of about 10
parts per million and is
equivalent to about 5 minutes
per year, or less than one
second per day. Most failures

CLOCK POWEfl SUPPLY
12 W OC

-• ♦

FTI

y* .

Q €LDCM AHU TIWEOASC

Ffg. I, Rl - 2k Ohm, see text; BI - smalt 9 VbaUeryiSI

momentary contact switch.

last a few minutes or a few
hours at most, so this drift is
not really any problem.
Regulating the voltage at the
timebase could eliminate even
this drift.

This kind of project is my
favorite — it uses only three
parts, total cost could not
exceed two dollars, it requires
no "mods" to existing equip-
ment, it gives real improve-
ment, and it can't fail to
work! There is something
awfully nice about pulling the
plug on your digital clock,
plugging it in again and seeing
it still displaying the correct
time- ■

123

DENTRON MT-3000A
antenna tuner

The IVIT-3000A is Oentron's "ultimate
tuner" Tunes 3 coax, random wii*e and
balanced feed system, just select the
one. Handles in excess of 3KW PEP.
BuiH-in 50 ohm - 250W dummy load.
Dual watt meters. 3 core heavy-duty
Balun.

349.50 list price Call for quote.

DENTRON 160-10AT
sqper tuner

The only tuner for 160-10 meters that
accepts all feed lines at 500 W DC - 1
KW pep Has extra heavy-duty ceramic
inductor switch. Continuous tuning:
1.8 to 30 MHz. Tunes unballanc^d
coax, random wire, or balanced
feeders.

129.50 list price. Call for quote.

MFJ 16010-ST
antenna tuner

Matches everything from 160 thru 10
meters; dipoies^ inverted vees. ran-
dom wires, verticals, mobile whips,
beams, balance Eines. and coax Hnes.
Up to 200 watts RF output. Buill-m
balun. A wide range, 12 position
variable inductor is the 16010-STs
secret-

69*95 Call for yours today.

MFJ 16010

antenna tuner

All band Operation, 160 thru 10 meters,
with a simple random wire. Works with
most transceivers, 200 W RF output.
Has same 1 2 position variable mduclor
as the 1601 0-ST. Pocket-siied: 23/16^'
X 31/C* X 4". Perfect for DX-peditions
or Field Day.

39.95 Gall for yours today.

DRAKE MN-;

rnatching network

MN-^OOO features: • Frequency
cov0ragp:3.5to4.OMHz,7.Oto7.3MHz
14.0 to 1435 MHz. 210 to 21.45 MHz,
28,0 to 29.7 MHz • Input impedance: 50
ohms resistive • Insertion loss: 0.5 dB
or less • Watt meter accuracy: ±5% of
reading • 1000 watts RF continuous,
2000 W PEP

250*00 list price. Call for quote.

DRAKE MN-4

matching network

The MN-4 has the same features as the
MN-20Q0. except its power capability is
200 watts RF continuous Both enable
feedllne SWRs of 5:1 to be matched to
the transmitter Suill-m RF watt meter
give accurate & continuous po^fpr
measurement

120*00 list price. Call for quote.

Remember, you can call TOLL-FREE: 1-800-633-3410 in U.S.A. or call 1-800-292-8668 in
Alabama for our low price quote. Store hours: 9:00 AM til 5:30 PM, Monday thru Friday.

i^r

BanxAmerlcaro

Longs Electronics

MAIL ORDERS- PO BOX 1T347 BIRMINGHAM. AL 35Z02 • STREET ADDRESS 3809 7TH AVENUE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM. ALABAMA 35233

124

©«.©©€>■

^jmj

MFJ 8043 IC

deluxe keyer

8043 IC features: • 4-way sendmg:
iambic, automatic, semi-auto. &
manual • Iambic squeeze key opera-
tion • Semi-auto "bug" operation
provides auto dots & manual dashes
• Dot memory: seft-compjetmg dots &
dashes* Totally RF proof • Solid-state
keying • Weight & tone control • Op-
tional squeeze key shown: only 29.95

69.96 Call for yours today.

MFJ 8043

CMOS keyer

Features: • Budt-ln key w/adjustable
contact travel • Dot memory • Iambic
operation w/external squeeze key

• Jam proof spacing • Variable weight
control • 8 to 50 WPM • Sidetone &
speaker w/adjustable volume & tone

• Ultra reliable solid-slate keying.

54.95 Call for yours today.

TEN-TEC

KR-50 electronic keyer

KR-50 specs: • Speed range: 6-50
WPM • Weighting ratio range: 50% to
150% of classic dit length • Memories:
Dit 3n dah with individual defeat
switches • Paddle actuation force: 5 to
50 grams * Power source: 117 VAC
• Side-tone: 500 Hz tone

1 10.00 lis! price, CaJl for quote.

TEN-TEC

KR-20A electronic keyer

KR-20A • Keyed output: reed refay, 15
volt-amp contacts. 400 volts, max.
• Speed range; 6 to 50 WPM • Time
base; keyed to start with paddle actua-
tion • Character generation; self com-
pleting dits & dahs • Weighting: Dit
length increased approx. 10% at 20
WPM

6 T »50 Calf for yours today.

TEN-TEC

KR*5A electronic keyer

Similar to KR-20A but without side-
tone oscillator or AC power supply.
Ideal for portable, mobile, or fixed sta-
tion, Housed in an attractive case with
aluminum front, with black textured
top & sides. 6 to 14 VDO operation.

38«50 Call for yours today.

NYE VIKING
SSK-1-K keyer

Features • Long,
w/ adjust able spn
tact spacmg • Ex
silver contacts •
speaker • On-Off
control • Polarity
change from posi
ing.

98-00 list price. Call for quote.

fomn-fitting paddles
ng tension and con-
tra-large gold plated
^ Audio oscillator &

vol. switch • Speed
switch allows instant
tive to negative key-

Remember, you can call TOLL-FREE: 1-800-633-3410 in U.S.A. or call 1-800-292-8668 in

Alabama for our low price quote. Store hours: 9:00 AM til 5:30 PM, Monday thru Friday.

SAHKAMfROflO

LcMig s Electronics

L9 L

MAIL ORDERS: P.O. BOX 11347 BIRMINGHAM, AL 35^02 • STREET ADDRESS: 2808 7TH AVENUE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA 35333

125

■^

NPC 109R

power supply

The 109R is 25 amp regulated. 4-way
protected. Other features: • Output
voftage and current meters • All solid-
state • Output voltage: 13,6 ±.2 VDC.
typica* to 13.6 ±3 VDC. max.
• Line/ioad reg,: 50mV, typica! to
lOOmV, max. • Rippie/noise:5mVRMS
to lOmV RMS.

149.95 list price. Call for quote.

NPC 108RM

power supply

The 108RM is 12 amp regulated, 3- way
protected. Also: • All solid-state
• Current meter • Output voltage:
13.6±^ VDC. typical to 13.6 ±.3 700,
max • Line/load reg.: 20m V, typical to
50m V, max. • Ripple/noise: 2mV RMS
to 5mV RMS.

99.95 list price. Call for quote.

r * ^^

^^^^^^^^^ N RC ^^^^^^^^

1 ittonvEii supi>t:r |

MEGULAVKO »

r — T

f-^ «« tit , . *^»4fraw |Sj

NPC 104R

power supply

104R is 6 amp regulated, dual overload
protected. Features: • Output voltage:
13-6 ±.2 VDC, typical to 13.6 ±.3 VDC.
max. • Line/toad reg 20mV, typical to
50mV. max. • Ripple/noise: 2mV RMS
to SmSf RMS • Excellent DC stabihty
• Trickle-charge 12V auto batteries*

49.95 Call for yours today.

ESI POS-1220Z
power supply

This one really workaf • 13.8 VDC
regulated power suppty • Current
rating: 20 amps continuous. 30 amps
surge • Fuse protected • LED power
indicator • ON/OFF switch on fror\t
panel. This unit will power a TR-7400A
AND a KLM 160 watt 2m amplifierf

69.96 Call for yours today.

DRAKE AC^4
power supply

The AC-4 power supply works with all
Drake 4-tine transceivers and
transmitters- Fits inside the MS-4
speaker cabinet, • Input: 120 or 240
VAC • Output: 650 VDC at 300 mA
average. 500 mA peak, also: 12.6 VAC
at 5.5 amps. Just what you need to
complete your Drake station!

150*00 list price, Call for quote.

TEN-TEC

252G power supply

The 252G power supply Is fully voftage
regulated and solid-slate to provide
highly stable, pure DC from commer-
cfat mains. Instantaneous overload
protection circuit prevents damage
caused by excessive current drain.
Reset by momentary turn-oH,

99.00 ijst price. Call for quota

Remember, you can call TOLL-FREE: 1-800-633-3410 in U.S.A. or call 1-800-292-8668 in
Alabama for our low price quote. Store hours: 9:00 AM til 5:30 PM, Monday thru Friday.

BanmAmeriuro

Longs Electronics

MAIL ORDERS; P O. BOX 11347 BJRMIMGHAM. AL 35202 • STREET ADDRESS 2808 7TH AVENUE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA 35^33

126

DENTRON'S NEW

Big Dummy Load

Now you can tune-up off the air wfth
Dentron's Big Dummy Load. A fui
power dummy load, it has a flat SWR.
fuH frequency coverage from 1,8 to 300
MHz and a high grade industrial cool-
ing oil furnished with the unit Built to
last! Fulty assembled and warrant ied.
Help cut out the QRM factor now!

29.50 Call for yours today.

The model 43 features: • 50 ohms
nominal impedance • VSWR insertion
with N conneclors: 1.05 max, •Ac-
curacy; pius or minus 5% full scale
• Shock mounted 30 microamp meter
has 3 expanded scafes of 25, 50 & 1 00 to
permit direct reading of full scale
power from 100 miHiwatts to 10.000
watts.

1 20.00 Call for yours today.

5W
10W

25W

SOW
100W
250W
500W
1000W
2500W
5Q00W

50H

1000H

250H

SOOH

1 0OOH
2500H
SOOOH

IDA

25A

50A

100 A

250A

SODA

1 0OOA

IOC

25C

50C

^WC

250C

SOOC

1000C

10D

25D

SOD

TOOD

2S0D

500D

lOOOD

H'Elements (2-30 MHz) 42,00 ea.
A-OD-E-Bem©nts

(25-1000 MHz) 36*00 ea.

Call Toll Free for yours today-

COVER

CRAFT

vinyl dust
covers

Cover Craft dust covers are designed
to fit your equipment I ike a glove. Made
of tough, high quality, clear vinyl
plastic with a "pearl ized" texture finish.
AM seams are machine stitched for
maximum strength. Remember, keep
your equipment clean and it will need
less maintenance and bring you more
at trade-in time. We carry covers for
Kenwood, Yaesu, ICOM. Drake, Ten-
Tec, CDE, and Dentron.

3.95 Some larger Slies, 4.95.

MFJ

digital station clock

This LED. soJid-state clock is perfect
for your station. Has large digits {over
Vi" high). Separate AM or PM m*
dicators that blink at a 1 Hz rate if
power goes off momentarily. Gives you
an ID buzz every 9 minutes for up to 1
hour. Handsome buff color w)th black
face looks good anywhere. Fully
assembled.

19.95 Call for yours today.

DRAKE RCS-4

remote coax switch

• Remotely selects one of 5 antennas

• Grounds alJ unused antennas

• Grounds ail antennas in the GND
position for lightning protection • SO-
239 connectors provided fof main coax
feed-line and mdividual antenna feed-
lines • Handles 2000 watts PEP

• Available in 120 VAC or 240 VAC
versions.

120.00 list price, Call for quote.

Remember you cafi call TOLL-FREE: 1-800-633-3410 in U.S.A. or call 1-80D-292-8668 in
Alabama for our low price quote. Store hours: 9:00 AM til 5:30 PM, Monday thru Friday.

yft/r

BankAmehicard

aiihmf ^it

Lonas Electionk:s

MAIL ORDERS PO BOX T1347 BIRMINGHAM. AL 35202 • STREET ADDRESS 2808 7TH AVEWUE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM ALABAMA 35233

t27

TEMPEST LCT-905
AC/DC cassette player

The perfect machine for the Ham who
wants to improve his code speed. Just
put in a code tape (see listings on this
page) and tisteo. • 100% solid-state

• Rotary knob operation ♦ Complete
with batteries, earphone, and AC cord

• 6 VOC jack.

24.95 Call for yours today.

PANASONIC RQ^312S
recorder, VC-12 album,
& 1 0 C-60 cassettes

This package is just what you need for
code practice or making station recor-
dings. The RQ'312S is a full feature
AC/DC recorder complete with
batteries, built-in mike, ar^d AC cord:
The VC-12 album wili store up to 12
cassettes. We give you lO C-60
cassettes as a starter. All this for the
recorder's price alone!

49.95 Call for yours today.

TUNE IN THE WORLD
WITH HAM RADIO

This nifty package wJtl completely In-
troduce you to Ham Radio. The book
will show you how to pass your Novice
exam and set up your first station. The
code tape provides the necessary in-
struction m Morse Code, All con-
sidered, a great introduction to Ham
Radio.

7.00 Call for yours today.

nn WW

AI»^.<:OI3l= KI1

I I K, i,h roil- MK h llirutil 1-\\-Jr\tm

ai..3aiM^. ^y i j

Good practice tor increase ng your code
speed Booklet and two C-60 cassettes
with 30 mm. each of 5. 7^j^, 10 & 13
WPM.

6.00 Call for yours today.

73's

Novice

Theory

Course

You'ff be amazed how easy it is to learn
the theory when you listen to these
tapes. Three tapes cover all Novice
Theory and one has questions and
answers from the latest Novice exams.
You can listen in your spare time and
breeze thru the exam,

15.95 Call for yours today.

73 end

AMECO

code practice tapes

73's "Blitz" code practice tapes will
more than prepare you for any FCC
exam. Avatlable in tour speeds: 5, 6, 13.
& 20 WPM. One tape for each speed,
one hour each,

4.95 each, all four: 15.95,

AMECO's code practice tapes: Junior
Code Course, 0 to 8 WPM; Advanced
Code Course, 8!^ to 18 WPM: Bctra
Class Code Course. 13 to 22 WPM.
Instruction booklet included with each
course.

4.95 each. Call for yours today.

Rememben you can call TOLL-FREE: 1-800-633-3410 in U.S.A. or call 1-800-292-8668 in
Alabama for our low price quote. Store hours: 9:00 AM til 5:30 PM, Monday thru Friday.

BankAmericarq

LcMig s ElectrcMiics

MAIL ORDERS P.O BOX 11347 BIRMINGHAM. AL 35202 • STREET ADDRESS 2808 7TH AVENUE SOUTH 8IRMINGHAM ALABAMA 35233

128

Get the HAM RADIO BOOK you need today!
No watting. Every listing below is in stock.
Call Toll Free: 1-800-633-3410 today.

ARRL Publications

Understanding Amateur Radio (NEW) , , . .

Hints and Kinks , ,

Specialized Communications Techniques
FM and Repeaters (for the Radio Amateur)
Single Sideband (for the Radio Amateur} .
The Radio Amateur*s VHF Manual , , .

A Course in Radio Fundamentals

Learning the Radiotelegraph Code , . ,
The Radio Amateur's License Manual
Solid-State Design for the Radio Amateur
Tune-in the World with Ham Radio . .
The Radio Amateur's Handbook • * —

ARRL Code Kit ....,

ARRL Antenna Book ,

ARRL Electronics Data Book ,

ARRL Ham Radio Operating Guide . .
Learning to Work with Integrated Circuits
Getting to Know OSCAR from the Ground
ARRL Prefix Map of the World

Amateur Radio Station Log

Amateur Radio Mini Log .

s.oo

2.00
3.00
4.00
3.00
4.00
3.00
1.50
3.00
7.00
7.00
7.50
8.00
5,00
4,00
4.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
1.50
.75

Extra Class Q&A License Guide ,..,.....,..,, ,90

Mastering the Morse Code ,, .75

Radio Electronics Made Simple 2,50

Amateur Radio Theory Course . . , , 4.95

Commercial Operator Theory Course 5.95

Commercial Q&A License Guide for

Elements 1 . 2, & 9 , ..,.,... 1-25

Commercial Q&A License Guide for

Element 3 , 2.50

Commercial Q&A License Guide for

Radio

, Inc.

+ * * ♦ , h

73 Publications

Amateur Radio Novice Class Study Guide

General Class License Guide . ,

Amateur Radio Extra Class License

Study Guide —

VHF Antenna Handbook , , . . ,

How to Make Better QSL's

Coax Handbook — * - .

AM ECO Publications

Novice/General Class Q&A License Guide
Advanced Class Q&A License Guide . . .

Beam Antenna Handtiook by William Orr,

All About Cubical Quad Antennas by

William Orr. W6SAI

The Truth About CB Antennas by William Orr,

W6SAi ,

VHF Handbook by Wiliiam^ drr[ "WSSAI '!!!!!!!
Better Shortwave Reception by William Orr,

W6SAI .:.,....

Ei mac's Care and Feeding of Power

Grid Tubes . . *

W2AB"s Second OP DX Aid . ,

1 ■■ A dj

I ■• ■■ I I V

V i • * ■■ -P F

^ * « 4 # •*

4J5

4.75

5.95
5.95

4,95

4.95
3.50

. . ♦ -

4.95
5.95

5.95
4.95
4.95
3.00

Radio Amateur Callbook Publications

U.a Radio Amateur Callbook. 1978 .._.,,.., 14.95

DX Radio Amateur Callbook, 1978 13.95

Prefix Map of North America 1.25

V 4 4 * 4

■ I IT tt ■■ I

1.00
,90

Zone Prefix Map of the World

Great Circle Chart of the World

Radio Amateur's Complete Map Library

(Includes: Prefix Map of the World. Great
Circle Chart of the World. Map of North
America, and World Atlas)

Radio Amateur's World Atlas

1.25
1.25

* » * +

3.75
2.50

Remember, you can call TOLL-FREE: 1-800-633-3410 in U.S.A. or call 1-800-292-8668 in
Alabama for our low price quote. Store hours: 9:00 AM til 5:30 PM, Monday thru Friday.

GankAmeoicard

JitwWMf M0tF

Lomas Elec:tronk:s

MAIL ORDERS: P O BOX 1 1347 BIRMINGHAM. AL 35202 ■ STREET ADDRESS 2808 7TH AVENUE SOUTH BlRMiNGHAM. ALABAMA 35233

129

Terry Weather ley G3WDJ
1 6 B&fBrhy Court
Chiton ColviUe
Lowestoft, Bui folk
England

Roll Your Own QSL Cards

-- originality for rare ones!

The QSL card is as old as
amateur radio itself, and
cards are as varied as the

operators and the gear they

use. This article describes a
method of photographically
home brewing cards that
stand out from the pack and

are very suitable for that
special contact. They also
might winkle out that card
from the rare DX station.

The technique is simple.
Ordinary darkroom equip-
ment is all that you need. The
process is based on *1ith" and

e
s

t
o

g3wdi

Photo t

Photo 2.

130

Photo 3,

Photo 4.

"line*' film, together with lith
developer* Advertisements in
the photographic press should
provide the names of suitable
suppliers of these materials.
Lith film is very contrasty
and produces pictures in two
tones — blaclc and white.
Greys on the original picture
are thus rendered black or
white^ according to their
density.

A suitable photograph for
a QSL card is taken or selec-
ted from the negative file. In
my case, a photo showing my
shack and "antenna farm'*
was selected. As a normal
print this had been less than
successful, and it was in the
reject file. However, it was
most suitable to experiment
with. A print of suitable size
for a QSL card was made
from this negative on a sheet
of lith film- The result, after
processing and drying {careful
use of a hair dryer speeds up

the drving)j was a targe black
and white transparency
(Photo 1). Using self-adhesive
letters, the callsign and other
details were added to the
picture. In my case^ a strip
had been masked on the left-
hand side for this purpose. A
contact negative was then
produced on a sheet of line
film, and the result is shown
in Photo 2.

The negative and positive

transparencies are now taped
together, slightly out of
register, and printed onto a
sheet of lith film. The result
is shown in Photo 3,

A negative is then
produced from this print*
Using either the positive or
negative, prints are now made
onto normal photographic
paper for use as QSL cards
(Photo 4). In my case, the
prints were stuck onto a card,
and QSL information was

written on the back, since
writing directly on the back
of photographs is difficult.

Some control over the
finished picture can be ex-
ercised during the processing
— unwanted detail can be
blacked out or scratched in.
The six over six in my picture
was scratched in with a pin,
when it disappeared into the
sky during processing.

This process of tone sepa-
ration can be used with filters
and colored paper lo produce
exotic, if expensive, QSLs. At
G3WD1 these cards will be
reserved for special contacts.
My first 2m contact with the
USA will certainly receive
one, while G8HRF in the
next block may not! I will
watch my incoming QSLs
with interest, ■

CDAKIT

Now stocks AMPHENOL!

P.O. Box lOI-A - Dumont, N. J. 07628

C21

131

NEW

TV CAMERA

WITH ZOOM LENS

ADVANCED VIDEO
PRODUCTS

NOT A KIT

ONLY

$149.

COMPLETE

This new compact monochrome
TV camera is very rugged yet it
weighs only 2,7 ibs. Use it with a
video tape recorder, for ATV,
SSTV, home security or dozens of
Other uses. The output of the

FSn is standard composite video:
I vok 75 ohm, negative sync. No
external drive is required for the

FSn . Use it indoors or outdoors.
Extra lighting is usually not re-
quired as the FSS "sees** well in
normal room light. The FSB has
ail solid state construction, except
for vidicon tube.

FULLY GUARANTEED

CHECK THESE FEATURES: Dual Range ALC; Full 1:2 interlace, 525 line scan; pistol
grip or tripod mount; zoom lens: 9 to 30 mm f 1:9; optical viewfinder; popular type 8844
vidicon; 15 foot cable and connectors included; close up and wide angle lenses available;
low power consumption: 350 ma at 18 vdc: can be run on batteries; sliding lens protector;
all manuals included. AVAILABLE FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT.

73 de W6LVY

73 1 277
ADVANCED VIDEO PRODUCTS
5835 HERMA, SAN JOSE, CA 95123

A45

Please send

FSff(&S 149.00

Name,

Address.

City-

state.

Zip

Calif

residents
add 6'/i%

sates tax.

Phone Orders:

408-224-0606

COD Orders Accepted

We Stock

Video Tape

RF Modulators, Video Tape

VTR to TV Interface Boards

132

VIDEO ACCESSORIES

ADVANCED VIDEO
PRODUCTS

Magnetic Tape

^h X 1200^ on 7" reels
% X 2400^ on 7'* reels

Memorex Our Brand Used Tape

$18,00
S27.00

$10-00

$18.00

S4.00
$7,00

For Cartrivision VTR Memorex OEM Brand Used lape

60 minute $22.00

100 minute $31.00

Roll Your Own and Save

$17,00
$22,00

$10,00
$13.00

Carlri vision casettes for reloading: —

T' reels for reel to reel VTR's: —

Bulk tape for VTR s 9,600\ % '' (used):

$6,00 each

— - — S2.00 each
—--- $15.00 each

CartrivLsbn *Rsh Tank' electronics module. Contains ad-
justable three output precision regulated power supply and
nearly a thousand easily removed components. IC's, tran-
si^stors, .1.58 mhz xlal, and hundreds of popular component
values make this module a handy source of inexpensive
parts. S20.00

\ ideo Modulatar Kit: com-
plete kit of parts for video
modulator; convert any com-
posite video signal to RF on
TV channel 2-6. Power re-
quirements 9-18 vdc. When

used with PSVt and FSU
converts any TV set into
CCTV system: $12.00

Power Suppl) PS V I —
For fSU camera: sup-
plies 18 vdc for fSU,
provides video output.
$29-00

4 4<

Set of 5 heads for
(artriviHion VTR

$20.00

Interface Board —

Convert your B/W
or color TV set into
a receiver / moni tor:
instructions
provided — S65.00

Wide .4ngle Lens
for FSir — S55.00

Close-up lens set for F51I ;
use any combination of
lenses to attain up to 6 X
magnification — $10.00

We stock a complete inventor) of Cartrivision parts

and accessories.

BANKAMERICARD-VISA— MASTERCHARGE

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year from W6LVY

t
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

— ^ ^ COUPON ^— — — — —

73 Magazine Christmas Bonus

10% Discount on all orders of $50.00 or more.
This ofTer good on all orders placed before
January 1, 1978.

^. = - COUPON

t33

Pete Carr WB3BQ0
329 Utile Ave.
Ridqway PA 1 5553

Glide On Six

-- radio control primer

Radio-controlled model
sailplanes and the six
meter band were made for
each other. We alt know how
quiet the activity has been on
six since the dip in the sun-
spot cycle has chased all the
good DX away. Well, when
your twelve-foot-span saiJ*
plane is just a dot on the
distant horizon, and the rf
link that wilt guide it back
home is only 750 milliwatts
into a crude rod type an-
tenna, you can appreciate all

that peace and quiet. While
other types of flying models
use radio control guidance,
none test the range of the
equipment and the vision of
the pilot like sailplanes. These
planes depend on the rising
air currents which drift down-
wind to sustain them, and
they must follow these
currents to gain attitude. This
results in flights that roam alt
over the sky in search of lift
and gently circling climbs to
heights of several thousand

A modified Wiftdnfter saiipiane with transparent yellow pimtic
covermg to show off interml cmftsmanship. Span is 99 inches.

feet before a landing in the
grass at the pilot's feet.

In addition to pleasant
Sunday afternoons at the
(oca! meadow flying for fun
and practice, the coming of
summer brings the contest
season, with trips to places
like Harris Hill near Etmira,
New York, and the rolling
fields of York, Pa. There,
contestants numbering over
100 pilots and their planes
gather to see who can stay
aJoft ten minutes precisely,
and then land in a fifty-foot
diameter circle for additional
points. The majority of these
planes are guided by four
meter R/C rigs on 72 MHz,
requiring a Class C CB license.
But since there are only 7
channels authorized for R/C
use, much time is wasted
waiting for your particular
channel to be clear. With 6 to
10 pilots on your channel,
the wait can be a long one.

The equipment functions
by digital pulse coding of the
transmit carrier consisting of
a clock pulse and additional
data pulses, each of which
controls a specific aircraft
guidance function. The
superhet receiver detects the
pulse train and passes it to
the decoder, which divides up
the various data pulses and

distributes them to the servo-
motors, A pulse width
comparison circuit in each
servo determines where the
servo output arm is in re-
lation to where the incoming
pulse says the the pilot wants
it to be. The error voltage is
fed to a small dc motor which
moves the output arm and a
small potentiometer until the
error disappears. There is one
servo each to control the
rudder, elevator, spoilers, and
captive lowhook on the air-
craft. Power for operation is
supplied by AA size nicads in
both transmitter and airborne
system, with a usable dura-
lion of three hours or so.

An interfering frequency
has the effect of lengthening
the data pulses fed to the
servos, causing them to run to
one end of the output arm
and spiral the aircraft into the
ground. Loss of radio contact
generally has the same effectj
in that the receiver age cranks
the t-f strip gains wide open
and random noise triggers the
servos, all of which used to
occur with great regularity
when the rigs were on II
meter CB. Although the S
frequencies there were not
shared with *>hone ops," the
close proximity and large
difference in power levels
made those channels urh
usable.

The resulting crowding in
the four meter band has re-
sulted in pressure on the FCC
to create a special code-free
R/C controller's license class
which would allow the pilots
of planes, cars, and boats to
pursue the hobby with re-
liable guidance systems. When
one considers the damage or
injury which could result
from the crash of an aircraft
welghir^ four to twelve
pounds diving to earth at a
hundred miles per hour, it's
easy to see why modelers and
R/C equipment manufac-
turers are pushing for space
on six meters.

The majority of modelers
arc like most CBers, in that
their interest is in using the
ri^p not working on them.
There are many, however,
who would make fine

134

A "HhPro** sailplane with molded fuselage and rudder. Wings
fmve targe mailable flaps to change the airfoil and aircraft
speed.

amateurs, given some en-
couragement from local
hams. These Class C CBers
already have a good record of
compliance with FCC rules;
indeed, pilots must show
their licenses in order to fly
in contests. These pilots
would find that, in addition to
reliable mode! control, there
are some other, rather in-
teresting things which the
ticket offers. All they need is
a little push in the right

direction. And in case you
think that big numbers are
important, there are over
61,000 members of the
Academy of Model Aero-
nautics, and 3 out of 4 of
them fly Radio Control. It
would make a significanl
increase to the amateur ranks
if this resource could be
tapped.

Which brings us back to
that open field in the sun-
shine and the sailplane flirting

An all molded plastic and fiberglass model of a KA-6 sailplane.
Span is J0J6 feet^ weight Is nearly 12 pounds - ready to fly*

with the puffy white clouds.
The confidence that a ham rig
gives to the sport of glider
flying contributes in large
part to the pleasure these
birds have to give. To see
your own creation so at home
in the sky while it obeys the
smallest movement of your
hands makes all the code
practice and radio theory
sessions worthwhile. And at
day's end| when it's time to
key up the local repeater for
some friendly ragchew^ there

is no end of ways to work
models and flying and infinite
descriptions of launches and
landings into the conver-
sation.

The next time youVe
driving down the road and see
someone out in a field flying
his plane, stop and say hello.
He may be a four meter pilot
who might like to be a ham
or a ham who might give you
some stick time on his latest
creation. Either way, you
can't lose! ■

Dave Gray of Etmlra^ the contest director, ready to taunch his

Hobie Hawk giiden This plane Is sold through the Heathklt
catalog.

Dave Lear WA2ERM throws his Pierce Paragon sailplane off
the slope at Harris Hill The horizon is over 8 miles away and
the temperature that day was plus 16 degrees.

135

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111

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136

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137

Howard A, Motxe KQHPF
J33S6 W. Cmier Drive
Lskewood CO B02Z8

More IC-22S

-- add a programming switch

I have found the following
modification of the
loom 22S to perform in an
entirely satSsfactory manner,
and to add considerably to
the practical capabilities of
this machine. As you who
already own one know, all of
the possible frequencies may
be obtained by ytitizing
various combinations of
diodes soldered into the

programming board. It
follows naturally that, if one
could switch in various com-
binations at will/ then all of
the capabitities would be
possible.

The first problem was
where to put such a switch,
so that it could be always
available and wouldn't be
dangling on a cable some-
where. You will see in Photo

A where I chose to place this
switch. I chose a small,
8-position SPST rocker
switch made by AMP Special
Industries, This switch plugs
into a regular 16-pin IC

socket. I bought two of the
switches because, should a
switch fait with use, 1 might
not be able to find an exact
duplicate later.

Photo B shows a detail of
the switch in place^ plugged
into a 16-pin IC socket which
is mounted on a small
piece of 10 x 10 perfboard.
The perfboard is supported
on two arms, which extend
from the small aluminum
bracket plate. My aluminum
bracket was cut from a junk
box - extruded aluminum
T-section. A bracket made
from any piece of metal
would serve just as welL

A look at Photo C shows
the bottom of the transceiver
with the 8 hookup wires
soldered into position 13, in
my case. However, you can
use any channel or switch
position you choose.

There is a ninth wire
required, which is attached to
the common channel position
you may choose, and which
goes down to the new switch
common bus.

In Photo D, the hookup
cables have been pushed aside
to expose the underside of
the bracket^ perfboard,
socket, and switch combina-
tion. Here you will note that

Photos by Dale Andrews

BOtTW or Ifr
PM-i SPST
TOfl«-E TY1»€
DIP S«NT1CN

3W(TCH m^ *
r TO a-

LtFt TO 5

HiaiT

BAHDED CATHOQE

^TH WIRE- COMMON BUS
TO SELECTED CHANNEL.

fi WINE n.tLT Ci&.l

OlOOe HATRtK

W. ^ ^M \6^^'

WtHES TO

CHANUeL 3WrTCH

Photo A

Fig, I. A poriiOF} of the diode matrix program board. The
8-wire cable Is attached to channel 21, with the ninth wire
connect i if g the new switch assembly common bus to the
program board channel 2 J common bus. Note thai your dip
switches will probably be numbered from ! to S, Thus, no. I
switch will attach to no, DO program board hole^ no. 2 switch
to no, DJ program board hole^ eta Thus, when setting up
frequency, you must remember to call no, T switch DO, no, 2
switch DIf eta As you can see^ this arrangement allows you to
switch in any combination of diodes on your selected channel.

138

a common bare wire was bent
and installed between the two
rows of socket pins* The
bent-down ends of this wire
were epoxied to the perf-
board. Eight diodes were
installed, with the cathode
(banded) ends going to each
of the eight socket positions
on the right, the anode ends
going to the comnnon bus
wire, and, you can also see,
the ninth wire, mentioned
above, attached to the com-
mon bus. The eight wires
going to the program board
are attached, one to each
socket pin in the left-hand
run. Be sure to identify the
wire for installation in the
proper holes of the program-
ming board.

Construction Hints

The bracket, IC socket,
switch, bus bar, diodes, and
wiring were all constructed
outside the cabinet. The
switches, diodes, and wires
were all tested for continuity
before installation.

The entire bracket assem*
bty was then installed and
epoxied to the circuit board
and transformer can, as
shown in Photo B. Note thai
this assembly was positioned
far enough to the left of the
machine, or towards the top
of Photo Bj to allow access to
the meter pilot light* The
perf board is also epoxied to
the bracket arms. The socket
itself is held by the solder on
its pins below.

The bracket must be so
sized as to position the top of
the body of the switch level
with the underside of the
transceiver cover plate, allow-
ing the rockers to extend into
the opening. After the switch
was in place, with careful
measuring, a rectangularly-
shaped hole was cut tn the
cover plate. This hole was
filed to size, and, as you see
in Photo A, I touched up the
raw metal edges with paint
and used bright red tape to
set it off,

I hope, with the above

description and accompany-
ing photos, that you will be
able to install a similar im-
provement on your Icom
22S and will enjoy using it as
much as I have. Of course^ I

recommend installing diodes
permanently for those chan*
nels you use frequently, but
this little pdget will get you
into all the others when you
want to. ■

Photo C

Photo B.

Photo a

139

7S Ma^zine Staff

Amplitude vs.

Frequency

-- poor man's spectrum analyzer

Anyone who has used a
spectrum analyzer for
checking the frequency re-
sponse of audio or rf fiiters
quickly appreciates its great
convenience. Filler values can
be changed, and you note
instantly the effect upon the
selectivity, the change in cut-
off frequencies, etc. But, even
when using a $12,000 profes-
sional instrument, you often
find it desirable to switch it
into a manual scan mode. In
this mode, you turn a single

knob, which varies the fre-
quency being fed into a filter
under test and simultaneously
moves the spectrum analyzer
display along its horizontal
(frequency) axis. So, as you
manuaity turn the knob, you
can note, at any given fre-
quency, the displayed ampli-
tude, or, conversely J you can
look for changes in amplitude
and note at what frequency
they occur.

The manual scan feature
on professional instruments

was the idea responsible for
the simple adapter described
in this article. This adapter
uses a signal generator and
oscilloscope combination. It
will not turn them into any-
thing near the equal of a
$12,000 instrument, but it
does provide an extremely
useful method to develop a
simplified amplitude versus
frequency display on an osciU
loscope.

The idea is to turn off the
horizontal sweep on the oscil-

loscope and use an external
voltage to move the trace
horizontally, at the same time
tfiat the frequency being fed
into the circuit under test is
varied. Fig. 1 presents the
main idea. If you can simul-
taneously use one hand to
rotate the frequency control
knob on the signal generator,
and the other hand to rotate
the potentiometer connected
to the battery, an amplitude
versus frequency display is
created. Stopping at any
given point, you can te^^^
porarily use paper tape on the
oscilloscope face to mark
down the frequency, and thus
calibrate the horizontal fre-
quency line on the oscillo-
scope-

In practice, you need to
add a feature to the signal
generator so it provides the
horizontal control voltage —
in order to make the scheme
a practical reality, as only one
knob is rotated. The practical
details for accomplishing this
depend upon the equipment
being used.

For instance, one setup on
which this scheme was tried
utilized a 3" scope and a
Southwest Technical Prod-
ucts function generator. The

horizontal sweep was
switched to "external/' and
the horizontal position con-
trol used to move the dot on
the oscilloscope screen to the
extreme left. Then, by
applying a variable dc voltage
to the external horizontal in-
put terminals, it was deter-
mined that the voltage had to
vary from 1 to 9 volts to
move the dot completely
across the screen. The func-
tion generator uses a single

GENtRATOfl

ClftCUlT
TEST

"• VERT
_ 1*1

Fig, 7. Basic idea for setting up a manual scan system with a
signal generator and an oscilloscope.

,ilK

ON SC0F»6

Ct^NTROl, POT
IN QENERATOn

Fig, 2 This simple adapter circuit can be added to an
audio-type generator whidi uses a potentiometer for its
frequency control element.

140

10k potentiometer as a fre-
quency control- This poten-
tiometer was replaced by a
dual 10k unitj as shown In
Fig. 2. The two 1 k PC poten-
liometers simply allow
trimming up of the voltage
range covered by the 10k
potentiometeri so the dot on
the oscilloscope screen moves
exactly from extreme left to
extreme right, as the gen-
erator is turned through one
frequency range,

A similar scheme can be
applied to other generators,
even those using a variable
capacitor as a frequency con-
trol element. The only prob-
lem which must be solved in
each individual case is the
mechanical coupling of a
potentiometer to the shaft of
the frequency control ele-
ment in the generator.

You could add further re*
fjnemcnts to the basic idea,
depending upon need and the

specific equipment involved.
For tnsLtince, it might be
desired to scan across the

oscilloscope screen, as the
signal generator is only tuned
across a narrow part of its
frequency coverage on a given
band, A higher dc voltage to
the control potentiometer
will allow the potentiometer
to sweep across the required
voltage range over less of its
rotational range. A better
solution is to make the con-
irol potentiometer pari of a
resistive Wheatstone bridge.
The bridge can be balanced at
any given point, as the corh
tro! potentiometer is rotated,
and the scan across the oscil-
loscope screen is started at
that point. A typical circuit is
shown in Fig, 3. Further-
more, by making the dc volt-
age to the bridge variable,
you could expand or con-
strict the width of the scan.
An ultimate embellishment
might be to add a variable
gain, dc voltage amplifier to
the output of the bridge cir-
cuit The display, which you
see on the screen as a circuit
is tested, will be a vertical
line, changing in amplitude

-»4V

FOTtlvtraHETPi — — ^^^^

IIDOK

H
1

ON S»,ME SHAFT ^^--^

AS QENERATOH
FREQ COMTflOL

BAtAHCtQ

POT
lOQK

ELEMENT

1 r

1 '

;lCKm

1 fc

ItQOK

ON SCOPE

Fig, 3, Bridge circuit to al/ow better control over setting point
on signal generator scale v%'here scanning starts across oscillo-
scope.

both above and below the
center line on the oscillo-
scope as it moves across the
oscilloscope screen. You can
adjust the vertical position
control on the oscilloscope,
so only the top ''half" of the
display shows. This does get a
bit closer to a real spectrum
analyzer display. But, de-
pending upon the circuit
under test, it may hide nega-
tive peak clipping taking
place in a circuit

You should neither over-
estimate nor underestimate
the usefulness of this adapter.

tt displays only a simple plot
of amplitude versus fre-
quency for a circuit under
test. Many other things, such
as phase shifts, might be
taking place in the circuit
which you would not be
aware of. Nevertheless, for
someone who Irkes to experi-
ment or needs to adjust
simple tuned circuits or
filters, thfs simple adapter
will give you a little and very
useful hint of what life would
be like with a $12,000
Hewlett- Packard spectru m
analyzer on your bench. ■

- D/POIfS - IRAVS - BAIUHS

TRAF VERTICAL ANTENNAS
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AKTENNA SUPIIMARKET P.O. Box 1682 Urgo. FK 33540 813/585-9688

A 14

141

Dexter S. French, Jr^ K4TSY
142 Stoney Ridge Dr.
Longwood FL 32750

How About

An Auto CQ ?

-- generate some lOm activity!

How many times have
you tuned across 10
meters and wondered if it was
really dead? I used to sit
down and call CQ for a while,
until 1 got tired of it or else
got hoarse. Wouldn't it be
nice if I could call CQ auto-
matically? Then 1 could
spend the time more con"
structively^ and I iust might
beat a hole in the band!

I could use a tape and
operate VOX\ but this
would be plagued by nuisance
tripping as I shuffled papers
or stumbled around the
shack. No - I must have a
more sophisticated solution!
And so was born the tone-
actuated, tape-driven auto

CQer described below.

Certain requirements for
this magic machine were
immediately set forth:

1 . The device must be
immune to ambient
noise,

2. Any tone used must
not be transmitted*

3. The circuitry must
include capability to
make the control tape.
4* The automatic
operation must be easy
to cancel .

To make all this happen,
the block diagram shown in
Fig. 1 shows briefly how the
auto CQer works. A tone on
the tape is detected and
clocks a flip-flop- The flip-

FROM

'kJ ^

7*t
Lt>MPAflATOft

^ F f

OUTRJT

SPf

T •"" PI T

•

sas

>T0 TAPE INPUT

TIfc

lER

PTT

F/g. J.

flop, in turn, drives a relay to
activate the PTT line in the
transmitter, A 4 kHz tone
was chosen because it falls
about an octave above the
bandpass of SSB transceivers
available today and, thus, is
not transmitted. The tone
from the tape on playback Is
first applied to an active
filter, A\, whose narrow
bandpass is centered on 4
kHz. The output of this filter
is rectified by CRT and
averaged by C2. The resulting
dc voltage is fed to com-
parator A2, whose output
clocks the 948 flip-flop for
on-off control of the PTT
line.

The result of this is that
the state of the 948 is
changed only when a tone is
detected. The transmitter Is
thus protected from nuisance
tripping.

Basics

The circuit shown in Fig, 2

has two modes of operation,
The first develops the tone
and mixes it with the micro-
phone audio to be recorded.
The second mode^ playback,
detects the tone from the
playback audio^ as outlined
above, and activates a flip*
flop to control the trans-
mitter.

In the record mode, the
555 tone generator develops a
4 kHz square wave. This is
keyed by unshorting the
timing capacitor, CI , with SI .
The square wave is fed to an
active filter Al. This 4 kHz
active bandpass filter provides
a clean sinusoid to mix with
the voice audio for the
recording.

In the playback mode, the
audio from the recorder is fed
into the active filter, and the
tone IS separated and de*
tected- The rectifier/filter on
the output of Al also inte-
grates or sums the tone. This
means that the tone must be
detected and remain so for a
certain minimum time. After
about a second or so (de-
pending upon the playback
amplitude of the tone), the
reference threshold of the
second 741 (A2) is reached,
and, acting as a comparator,
it flips from a high (+) to a
low (^) output voltage. This
voltage ciocks the flip-flop to
its opposite state. The output
of the 948 drives the tran-
sistor, which in turn activates
a small relay to key the trans-
mitter PTT line-
To prevent audio feed*
through to the transceiver
speaker, the audio to the
mike jack is shorted to
ground by C3 when Q2 con-
ducts during receive- This
short Is released in transmit
to pass audio on to the mike
jack on the transmitter. The
normally open side of SI
serves to reset the 948 flip-
flop, just In case the PTT line
gets stuck in transmit, S2
shifts audio control from the
auto CQer to the station
microphone. Just remember
to operate S2 when you
answer someone!

Building It

I built the circuit on

142

vector board, and the layout
h not critical at all. However,
I have foiind that if the part
locations follow the way the
schematic is drawn, it is a lot
easier to troubleshoot taier
on. In addition, inputs and
outputs fall to the edges of
the board more readily,

A word about parts: The
741 operational amplifier was
chosen for its ease of use and
procurement, TTie 948 flip-
flop, though an old DTL de-
vice, is hard to beat at 20^
from James Electronics.

Care and Feeding

My audio input is from a
compressor which puts out
.25 volts p-p. The mixing
resistors are set to divide this
audio down to the proper
level for the recorder input.
The same goes for the tone
leveU It may be necessary to
adjust R2 so as not to over-
drive the tape recorder. The
speaker output of the tape
recorder feeds the audio to
Al* The audio level at the
output of Al determines if,
or at what time delay, the
comparator, A2p switches. A
tittle experimentation may be
necessary here to determine
the required audio output
level for a one or two second
delay. This delay provides
further noise immunity. If a
scope is available, 2.5 V p*p
at Al is sufficient. Any more
output volume than that may
well overload and distort the
voice audio into the trans-
mitter.

Set the tone frequency by
measuring the dc voltage on
C2. Use a VTVM or other
high impedance voltmeter,
and adjust the value of Rl for
maximum deflection. The
response is slow, so wait for
the voltage to stabilize. The
voltage should be greater than
about 0.4 volts dc for the
comparator to operate.

The comparator has
positive feedback around it to
provide a noise margin of 90
mV, which results from the
hysteresis. This means that
with a threshold of, say^ 0.4
volts, the input voltage must
get to 0.445 V {0.4 + .09/2)

0047

S»V

33 OK

-9

5S^&

2:680

♦— •

PiC, NO

— --i *—

■ y'

03^5

■4h

r Li

f * f

543

96K
i t — Vt^ ■

::a^

/fr

I2K 4 7K

-VA f VUHi— — 1^

TAPE >

36X

fff

900

illC AUDIO IMPUT
fFROM OHdPflfSSOfil

before the output changes
state. The reverse is also true.
If the input starts above
0.445 volts, it must fall below
0.355 volts (0.4 - .09/2) for
the output to change*

A word of caution in sub-
stituting parts: The 948 flip-
flop clocks at a threshold
voltage and is, therefore, not
dependent on the rise and fall
times of its clock signal A J K
TTL flip-flop like the 7473
should be clocked with a fall
time of, at most, 30 ns. The
output slue rate of the 741 is
much too slow at 30 ^s- The
transistors, on the other
hand, can be any common
NPN, The 2N2222 is a good
choice because of its price
and availability.

My intent is not to limit
substitutions, but rather to
provide a starting place for
the experimenter. A little
thought given to certain sub-
stitutions will save a cor-
responding amount of grief
later on*

The simple power supply
is shown in Fig. 3*

How To Use It

The first step to using the
auto CQer on the air is to
make the tape. Plug the tape
input, PI , into the mike input
of the tape recorder and a
microphone into the audio
input on the CQer, Now
youVe set to record the tape.

tiPE INPUT

iOOM

J1 BBkHO

n v-^^

/■-£J

TRANSMITTER
M^C INPUT

iTlP

I T

OUT

PTT

2—ry —

Ffg. 2.

You will need about 3
seconds of tone {just to be
safe) to activate the flip-flop,
so plan accordingly. I made
my tape on a 30-second CQ,
30-second listen program, but
this is offered only as a
starting point. Just remember
to give the tone at the
beginning and at the end of
theCQ.

To use the CQer is even
easier. Plug the transmitter
mike input, PI, into the
transmitter and the station
mike into ]1- The tape re-
corder speaker output plugs
into the tape output jack, )2.
Set the playback volume to
trip the PTT in about 1 to 2
seconds, but not so high as to
overmodulate. If the recorded
audio of tone and CQ are of
the same relative level, it will
be possible to achieve the
right balance of playback
volume and mike gain on the
transmitter.

On the air, set S2, punch
up playback and sit back and
relax. Even though the band
may be dead» at least alt
youVe doing is wearing out
the tape and not your vocal
cords!

To answer a call, Just
switch S2, shut off the re-
corder (you might do this
with another position on S2,
if your recorder is equipped
with a remote jack), and
operate your rig normally.

The reliability of this
machine has been excellent.
After about 1 8 months of use
on the air, the only problem
has been when the recorder
batteries run low, and the
tone frequency shifts and
goes undetected. It is for this
reason that the reset switch,
SI, was included, just in case
the transmitter gets stuck.

Since IVe built this device,
I can*t imagine not having it.
It actually is my way of
having a beacon on 10
meters, to which 1 am so
devoted. You can hear what
is being transmitted, and so
can catch it if anything goes
haywire. 1 hope that the
utility of this machine will
provide you with more time
to really enjoy this great
hobby of ours. ■

Rofgrance

Fischer, ''Bring a Dead Band to
Li^e," 73 Magazine, December,
1976, p. 125,

Fig, 3.

143

Carl C DrumeUer W5JJ
5824 N.W. 53 Street
Warr Acres OK 731 22

SSB For

-- tame the croak

The Yaesu FRG-7 is a
remarkably good re-
ceiver for "all-wave'* recep-
tion of AM or radio teleg-
raphy. It falls short, however,
of being good for SSB recep-
tion, unless you have one of
the new models featuring a
fine tuning controL This
article is addressed to the
owners of FRG-7s having
serial numbers between
502001 to 505999 or be-
tween 060001 to 072000. If
you have one, read on.

For $7.25 you can buy a
modification kit from Yaesu.
I did. You shouldn't. Why?
Except for matching knobs,
you can buy the needed parts
(if you can't find them in
your junk box) for a small
fraction of the cost of the
modification kit.

You need just two items.
One is a small variable capac-
itor, small in physical size as
well as in capacitance. The
latter should be somewhere
around 5 pF -- not much
more, not much less. It
should have a shaft about one
inch long (2,5 mm) and must

be of the single-hole mount
type. The other item is a

knob to fit the shaft of the
variable capacitor. If you
have a choice, get one with a
dot or other type of position
indicator. If youVe a purist,
buy a re placement for the
volume control of your
FRG-7. It's a bit large, but
iril match.

Now youVe ready to dis-
sect your FRG-7. You'll need
a Phillips, or Reed Prince^
type screwdriver and a 14 -inch
nutdriver. With the latter,
take out the two screws along
the bottom rear lip of the
cabinet. With the formerj re-
move the six small screws
around the front edge of the
cabinet and the one small
screw at the top of the rear
edge. Now, slip the chassis
forward out of the cabinet*

Use a small, blade- type
screwdriver to loosen the set-
screws, and then remove all
the control knobs. Then use
the Phillips screwdriver to re*
move the three screws re-
taining the escutcheon plate*

With the slimmest

soldering iron you can find,
unsolder ihe two wires
leading to the "Lock" tamp.
Then remove the nut from
the "Mode" switch. Next,
take out the four screws that
hold the external front panel
to the inner one. Slip off the
panel, and prepare to do
some precise measuring.

If you have a metric rule,
as everyone should, use the
following figures. Otherwise
convert them to inches.

From the right-hand edge
of the front panel, measure in
14.4 cm. Then, from the
bottom edge, measure up 6.2
em. Mark the intersection,
and drill a very small holci
barely through the paneL
Pause there, turn the panel
over, and carefully cut out
the padding around the hole
you just drilled, removing
enough to leave a clear spot
about 18 mm in diameter,
centered on the hole in the
panel.

Put the outer panel back
on the receiver, and run the
drill through the hole just far
enough to clearly mark the

spot to drill through the inner
panel. Remove the outer
panel, and drill the inner one.
Make a hole iust large enough
to mount the variable capac-
itor- The one I got fi^om
Yaesu required a 7.5 mm
(about 5/16 inch) hole. Note
thai you*ll need a semi-
circular bushing between the
capacitor and the panel; the
speaker mouni intrudes into
the space nL\Jed for the ca-
pacitor. This is easily made*

While you're drilling, en-
large the hole through the
front panel to 14 mm (about
9/16 inch).

After you've mounted the
variable capacitor and
screwed tight its retaining
nut, replace the front panel
and also the escutcheon plate.
Don't forget to reattach the
two wires to the "Lock"
lamp or to replace the nul on
the **Mode" switch! Very
carefully set the plates of the
variable capacitor to half
mesK Then attach the con-
trol knob, having the dot or
pointer straight up. Replace
all control knobs.

If you bought the Yaesu
modification kit, do not in-
stall the 33 pF capacitor in
place of the 51 pF capacitor
C-458.

Note the printed circuit
board just behind and a bit to
the right of the variable ca-
pacitor you just installed. All
the parts you'll be concerned
with are located close to-
gether on the corner of the
board that's next to the vari-
able capacitor. The parts
identification numbers are
marked on the board, but
you must look closely to see
them. Locate T-403, a trans-
former in a tiny square can.
Then spot TC-403, an adjust-
able capacitor just to itie left
of T'403 and a bit behind it
Look a bit behind TC-403,
and spot the two terminals to
which dx^ attached wires run-
ning down under the chassis
to the main variable tuning
capacitor. The rearmost of
these two terminals is the
"ground" one. The foremost
one is "hot"

Now run wires from the

144

variable capacitor you in-
stalled over to these two ter-
minal posts, being careful, of
course, to hook the rotor to
th€ rearmost and the stator to
the foremost !

If you bought Yaesu's kit,
now you're ready to file the
provided instruction sheet
very carefully in the waste-
basket, and get out the in-
struction manual that came
with your FRG-7. Turn to
page 12 of your manual.
Look under the heading
"Main Tuning Dial, T-403,

TC-4D3," 1 quote:

"The following alignment
should be done after warm-up
of the receiver-

"Set the dial hairline to
the center of the dial
window. When the main
tuning dial is rotated until it
stops over the 1000° scale
mark, the delta mark should
be within 5 mm of the hair-
line.

"Set the Mode switch to
Isb and the MHz dial to 0^
Set the main tuning dial to
1000^; a beat tone may be

heard. Adjust T403 until the
heal is heard and is brought
to zero beat. Set the main
tuning dial to 0*, and adjust
TC-403 for zero beat. Repeat
these two procedures until
zero beat is obtained at both
O'^and 1000°;*

The procedure in the
manual works quite well. The
one contained in the instruc-
tion sheet is utterly worth-
less!

The addition of the fine^
tuning control makes the
FRG'7 quite easy to use for

SSB reception- More selec-
tivity might be desired.

Should you feel you need
that extra seieclivity, read the
artfcle by Ron Risher
VK30M in the March, 1977,
issue of Amateur Radio, He
describes a non butchering
operation^ one using a spare
deck on an existing switch to
select an alternate filter, con-
sisting of four cascaded
SFD45SB solid state filters
linked by small coupling ca-
pacitors. I haven* I tried it,
but it sounds intriguing! ■

There comes a time in
every kid's life when he
wants more out of study hall
than just studying. My time
came about two weeks ago,
and being a ham, I naturally
wanted to do something with
radio, I knew from the start
that it would be hard, for Ma
(as we had nicknamed our
teacher) had an eaglets eye
that could weed out a welt-
hidden game of solitaire in a
class of 55- Anyway, I began
to think of ways to outwit
Ma and still have fun. A code
practice oscillator was out, as
I had already bored myself to
tears tapping out English
assignments on the desk with
my pencil. Of course, the
ultimate goal would be a QSO
with a portable transceiver,
but it seemed a little far-
fetched at the time. But the
more I thought of it, the
more feasible it sounded. The
walls of the study hall were
made of wood and plaster,
easily penetrated by radio
waves.

I bepn my search for a
suitable battery-powered
ORP transmitter This proved
easy, for the second
magazine I looked at was the
January, 1977, issue of 73,
which contained a dandy
little porUble transistor QRP
transmitter, easy to con-
strucU and, from the descrip-
tion by the author, pretty
potent at getting those waves
into the sky.

Having decided on a trans-
mitter, I was then faced by
the dilemma of what to house
the thing in. It must be

Kurt Bjom WB9YKR
1 874 Big Oak Circle
NoTthbrook IL 6Q062

Beat the Books

-- study hall special

inconspicuous, but large
enough to handle the trans-
ceiver and batteries, which
amounted to quite a load. I
decided on a card filing box,
for these were a fairly com-
mon sight at school.

For a receiver, I decided
on a converter for a broadcast
band radio with an earphone
attachment, I wasn't taking
any chances with Ma, who
had the ears (and the temper-
ment) of a wildcat. The
pocket radio conveniently fit
inside the lid of the card fite
box with a bit of double-
sided foam tape.

I then constructed an
aluminum chassis to fit the
box, and on this I mounted
the transmitter, which con-
sisted of a transistor oscillator
and a tuned circuit tuned to
40 meters, the chosen band.
The BC converter was a bit
tougher, as a bfo had to be
constructed to take in the

signals without the tones
sounding like pure ac.

But eventually everything
was straightened out and
ready for initial testing, I
plugged in a 40 meter crystal,
plugged in a dipote, and
flipped her on. A little tuning
later, and the receiver began
hauling in all sorts of signals,
and with my station receiver,
I roughly calibrated the dial.
The transmitter really blared
away on my station trans-
ceiver. Finally, after a gru-
eling two hour slop-together
job, ail was ready. The next
day, after breakfast, I tucked
away a tiny earphone,
grabbed my 98^ "|unior"
code key (I wonder how
many old*timers stil! use
those things), snatched a long
wire antenna with a phone
plug at one end and an alli-
gator ciip at the other, and
smuggled the whole mess out
the door past my mother.

When I got into study hall
that day, I sat in the back
row where there was a radi-
ator for a grounding, and
connected the transceiver. I
didn't have the slightest idea
about where to connect the
antenna, and glanced around
for a support. 1 ended
up connecting it to a
vacant desk three seats to the
right. I ran the earphone up
my shirt. Even Ma doesn't
have x-ray vision. I turned
everything on, and imme-
diately zeroed in on
WB9 — " calling CQi S9. I
answered him, hoping the key
clicks (audio, not rf)
wouldn't be noticed. To my
great joy, he came back TNX,
OM, UR RST IS 369. NAME
IS, - . Immediately my mind
soared. Mini rotary beams!
DX! SSB! Maybe later, that
W8 is really giving me QRM. I
might lose my first study hall
QSO! ■

t45

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Increases usable bandwidth of any antenna. Tunes out SWR
on mobile whips from inside your car.

Uses toroid inductor and specially made capacitors for
small size: 5!^" x 214" x 2/2/' Rugged, yet compact
Attractive bronze finished enclosure. SO-239 coax con-
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antennas. Convenient binding posts are provided for rarv
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Clocking
Those Clock

- check out the MK-03!

The current plethora of
digital readout clock
kits makes it very difficult for
the potential buyer to decide
which is the one best suited
for his needs. One of the
many that are presently avail-
able, and which has not been
advertised to any great extent
by its suppliers, is the MK-03
Aircraft Clock-Timer kit.
Bullet Electronics^ the kit
maker^ may be under-
estimating the potential pop-
ularity of thi^s kit. Its many
unique features place it apart

from others that are available.
Although this clock may
have its primary application
in cars, boats, and planes
(FAA certification may be
required), its compactness
and features have a number
of good applications in the
ham or CB shack, OSCAR
buffs will find it ideal for
alerting them to the next
pass, as the quick-setting
alarm feature enhances this
type of use. Power supply
voltage requirement is 9 to 18
volts dc^ thus a simple base

station power supply is all
that is required for fixed use.
A power supply for this pur-
pose is available from the kit
supplier.

The kit, as received from
Bullet, contains all parts^ ex-
cept switches and a case, to
make a working clock*timer.
The lack of case and switches
allows you to design the en-
closure and panel to suit your
exact needs- In my case, the
objective was to place the
entire assembled unit inside a
standard aircraft instrument

But/et MK-03 Clock-Timer completed and ready for installation in aircraft instrument case.
Digital readout t^oard is attached to plastic escutcheon.

case for use in a sailplane
(glider). This was an old al-
timeter case, as shown in the
photo. Doing this required a
fair amount of ingenuity, but
the result was very atis*
factory. Others may wish to
use a larger, less difficult
package, and, if panel space is
available, as at a fixed station
installation, larger switches
and layout would be more
convenient.

The printed circuit boards
for this kit include a six-digit
readout board (allowing
the FND 70 0,5-inch readouts
to be directly soldered to the
board)^ a main clock- timer
board, and a timebase board.
The latter uses a (^ramic
resonator as its standard, and
a CD4060 CMOS as a
14-stage binary counter/
oscillator. The oscillator fre-
quency is divided by 2^^ to
produce the output fre-
quency (50 Hz in this in-
stance). My scope showed the
output of this oscillator to be
an excellent 4.9 volts square
wave. Bullet advertises this
oscillator kit as being avail-
abte as a separate item^
incidentally.

The main clock-tim^
board is standard, as far as
digit drivers are concerned.
However, the board uses two
50252 28-pin ICs, stacked in
parallel, to accomplish the
separate clock and timer
functions.

The clock chip (bottom)
operates as a normal 24*hour
six-digit display clock. The
timer chip (upper) operates
as a 24-hour six-digit display
elapsed time indicator. As
received, the two chips are
piggy-backed together, with
the pins, which are paralleled
in operation, already soldered
together by the kit supplier.
No soldering to the pins is
required, as the dual IC is
eventually installed in a DIP
socket, which the user has
previously soldered to the
board. Connections to the
top chip which are required
are made with slip-on con-
nectors (not supplied).

Components in the kit
appear to be of good quality,
and, for the most part^ are

148

"house-numbered" ilemsi
indicating that they were
probably not to the manu-
facturer's standard, but are
quite satisfactory for general
use. Two of the FND-70s, as
received with the kit, had one
open segment* Otherwise, all
parts were excellent. All resis-
tors for board mounting were
precut and bent to radius,
and all diodes and transistors
were cut to length for mount-
ing and soldering* Material
was provided to assemble a
toroid choke, in the event
that the unit Is to be powered
by an ignition-type engine
power source. In addition, an
input protection diode is pro-
vided to prevent an incorrect
polarity connection from
damaging the unit.

Circuit board solder plat-
ing tended to have a duil
appearance^ and occasionally
some difficulty was
encountered in preparing
satisfactorily soldered con-
nee lions. This was particu-
larly noticeable when work-
ing on the readout board.

which has rather closely
spaced traces thai com-
pounded the problem. Manu-
facturers would be wise to
increase the cost of a board
by a few pennies to provide
good traces and well-plated
boardSj in order to insure
customer satisfaction and
trouble-free operation.

The many switches re-
quired for full operation of
the clock-timer increase the
complexity of the wiring
external to the board, but
they do not create any prob-
lems, if care is taken in rout-
ing the leads.

Instructions and diagrams
supplied with this kit are
quite complete, with ten
pages of information. Never-
theless, they must be read
thoroughly prior to con-
structing the kit, in order not
to overlook some item of
importance, not necessarily
mentioned where you think it
might be in the text. There
was a schematic error in my
instructions, which may be
corrected now, as this has

been brought to the alteniion
of Bullet.

Upon completion of the
entire assembly, I used a 9
volt transistor radio battery
to test the clock-timer (this is
not recommended for other
than testing because of a
.085 A current drain). The
unit operated immediately,
with no difficulties what-
soever, and it was fun to be
able to run through the inter-
esting list of functions that
this clock is capable of
performing.

The fact that the timing
and clock functions perform
independently of each other
permits using the features of
one without interfering with
the ongoing action of the
other. For instance, the
elapsed time function, which
displays hours, minutes^ and
seconds, may be started, held,
restarted, or reset to zero
while the 'Veal-time*' clock
continues its normal opera-
tion, undisplayed.

The switches may be con-
nected to perform the follow-

ing listed functions* The dis-
play switch may be switched
either to the off position (in
which case all functions
continue, but are not visible),
or to display either the timer
action or real-time clocking.
Real-time clock — Hours set,
10-minute set, minutes set,
alarm enable, and clock dis-
play mode (shows either real
time or what the alarm set
time is).

Timer — Start, hold, and
reset.

An additional feature may
be used, but was not neces-
sary for my application. This
is a photo intensity input to
the clock chip, which will
reduce or increase the display
intensity, dependent upon
the ambient [ighting.

As a full-function device in
the shack, or mobile any-
where, this clock-timer
appears to have all the re-
quirements, for a modest
$26.95. Bullet Electronics,
P.O. Box 19442, Dallas,
Texas 75219, is the sup-
plier. ■

TEtETYPE' TERMINAtS

Large Quantities Available

28 ASR $650.00

28 KSR $375.00

28 RO $265.00

All Units Tested

Call Collect 214-258-6620
Ask for Jim Carroll

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switches white enjoying scan action.

Switch selectable "start scan" frequency.

Automatically advances after 30 second listening

time, 3 second scan delay.

Manual 15 kHz advance button.

Lock switch holds scan action or disables 30

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Low power CMOS circuitry, 10 mA typicaL

Small size, 4'T/V x V'H x 2.75"D,

Memorize simple formula to convert binary

frequency readout-displays in scan or manual.

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GRAND RAPIDS, Mi 49508 SHPG $2.00

(616)455^3915

149

Arvid G: Ettans K7HKL
5128 S 3600 W
Kmms err B4118

•tev

♦ *i

jt sT

jpW yft

.004

/T7 ^fr

/fr

Fig. h

WWIAIMJ
OIITPVT

/7^. Z

Digital Signal Source

- TTL signals for counters, micros

In playing with logic cir-
cuits over ihc past few
years, I repealedty encoun-
tered the lack of a suitable
sigrial source. Several things
were tried, including squaring
circuits on the wide-range rf
generator and several pulse/
function generation units,
with only marginal success*
Recently^ while working on a
frequency synthesizer, an
idea occurred Ihal after
breadboard construction
seems to be the answer.
Development oT this idea as
outlined below will result in a
square wave signal source
covering from 20 MHz down
to subaudio in fully tunable
decade steps. For my pur-
pose, it has proven to be an
id^l unit for experimenting
with amateur radio applica-
tions of TTL and CMOS
logjc.

Theory

The basic idea as presented

in Fig, 1 is for a tunable
oscillator in the 10 to 20
MHz rang^ with switchable
decade dividers for the range
selection and switchable
binary dividers for band selec*
tion. The resulting frequen-
cies and time constants are
listed in Fig. 5.

Construction

Fig. 2 is the oscillator
which I used — others would
do as well. Try your favorite
. , . just be sure the output is
adequate to drive the digital
buffer. Drive requirements to
the first TTL stagie can be cut
down by biasing that stage
into its linear (?) range with a
2.2 k resistor to ^ound as
indicated in Fig. 2.

Fig. 3 represents the
power supply circuitry and is
self-explanatory. Fig. 4 in-
cludes the dividers and out-
put circuit. Construction is
straigjitforward with few pre-
cautions. It would be wise to

klVRliS

\f«^

Fig. X

keep all divider'to-s witch

wires separated from each
other slightly (just don't
bundle them all together in a
cable harness). Run a separate
power and ground lead for
each IC, That way you need
only one bypass capacitor on
the common +5 volt and
ground point*

My final version has a cali-
brated dial and tunes with a
20:1 VFO drive. However, I
find it more convenient to
cable the output to my digital

counter for direct frequency
readout,

I wired the VFO portion
using point-to-point tech-
nique on insulated standoffs.
The divider is on perf board
and wired with wire-wrap
penciL

Summary

While my unit is just the

basic generator, hindsiglit has
indicated many additions
which might enhance its oper-
ation. Some of the possible

UHl

K}-ao

I* I t # » ♦ » # T T"T f f f f — y T t T 1.
a 4 7 2 i 6 T k 3 6 I? 2 5 t T Iz 3 i^ T ^

/190

Hf J<

U<t 4 00

74 9 C

n H

□iz 0
tt hit

fMl

I — I vy

ii ixx^ lti4i \\<\X

*9V

^ \t2

S-iO

1/2
747*

a.3-s

l/f

7*T*

L2&-2.5

tAT't-

T-4 T4

t^V

ffr

^\L^,

*av

T*90

S 1

*5w

Fig. 4.

150

addi lions and tfreir ap plica-
tjons are listed below:

K FM the VFO with an
audio oscillator and voltage
variable capacitor for working
with FM receivers, phase
detectors, or PLL circuits.

2. Switch the divider
chain from the internal VFO
to an external input jack.
This would allow signals from
external sources to be
divided.

3« Switch the divider
chain input between the
internal VFO and a crystal
oscillator to generate harmon-
icalty- related standard fre-
quencies,

4, Add a second buffer
and output circuit for
opposing polarity outputs.

5. Run the output
through a one-shot multivi-
brator for ihin-line pulse
generation.

Incase you use this as an rf
generator for general purpose
work, you mi^t be inter-
ested to know that the square
wave output generates strong
harmonics beyond 2
meters! ■

Frequency

Time (Oj)

Frequancy

TimefOiJ

10-20 MHz

0,1^.05 uS

10-20 kHz

100-50 uS

5-10 MHz

0^-OJ uS

5-10 kHz

200-100 uS

2,5-6 MHz

0.4-0,2 uS

2.5-5 kHz

400-200 uS

1.25-2.5 MHz

0.8-0.4 uS

1^5-2,5 kHz

800-*00 uS

1 -2 MHz

1<),5yS

1 -2 kHz

,001 -,0005 Sec

0.5-1 MHz

2-1 uS

0.5-1 0 kHz

.002-001 Sec

0^5^.5 MHz

4-2 uS

0.25-0.5 kHz

.004 -.002 Sec

0.125O.25MH2

84 uS

0J25^.25 kHz

.008 -.004 Sec

1 00 200 kHz

1 0^5 uS

1 00-200 Hi

,01 .005 Sec

50-100 kHz

20-10 uS

50-100 Hi

.02-01 Sec

25-50 kHz

40-20 uS

25^0 Hi

.04- .02 Sec

12.5-25 kHz

8040 uS

1 2.5-25 Hz

,08 -,04 Sec

Fig. 5* Suggested dial layout.

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151

73 Magazine Staff

enerated CW

- - CW: as you like it

One of the useful acces-
sories to a receiver for
CW operaibn rs a device that
will key an audio oscillator in
accordance with an incoming
CW signal. Then one doesn't
have to listen to the original
CW signal with its back-
ground noise and QRM, but
can listen to a clean, locally
generated audio signal. Tin is
sort of device also provides a
bonus feature useful with
transceivers having no tunable
bfo and where one must
listen to a CW note deter-
mined by i-f filter charac-
teristics and the crystal-con-
trolled frequency of a
product detector. Usually,
these transceivers are set up
to produce CW notes of from

600 to 900 Hz. But not
everyone enjoys listening to a

constant pitch CW note for
extended periods. However, if
the incoming CW keys a local
audio oscillatorp one can vary
the pitch of the tone actually
being listened to without
affecting the correct tuning
of the transceiver.

Such local oscillator
keying devices for CW recep-
tion are not new. Many
designs were buitt in tube-
type days and worked quite
welL The problem was that
such a device got to be rather
elaborate and costly with
tubes. Such devices usually
consisted of a sharply tuned
audio filter followed by some

^:— * V*rt ■

f f\ LEI

Fig, h Tunable audio filter uses a 567 PLL /C The
opioisofator can be a Sprague ED702 (many other surplus
units at lower cost will also suffice), A multi-turn potenti-
ometer for the tOk frequency adjustment control will facili-
tate adjustment^ but a regular potentiometer with a large knob
will also work.

audio amplification. Then the
audio signal was rectified and
used to operate a sensitive
relay. The relay simply keyed
a locals variable frequency
sine wave oscillator which
one then listened to as it was
keyed instead of the original
signal.

Using solid state devices
one can, of course, duplicate
the original circuit idea.
Sharpy single frequency audio
filters can be built using the
commonly available 88 mH
toroid coils. The filtered
signal can be amplified by an
audio IC stage, rectified, and
the dc signal used to control a
reed relay. Any desired local
oscillator can then be keyed
by the relay.

i*is flHi

Z90K

111599

This article presents a
simitar but slightly different
approach by taking advantage
of some of the new phase
locked loop ICs on the
market Basically, a phase
locked loop is used lo serve as
a tunable audio filter and
LED switch driver. The LED
switch in turn activates a var-
iable frequency tone oscil-
lator. The circuit is compact
and inexpensive. Its only dis-
advantage is that it must be
more carefully tuned than a
circuit configMration using a
passive input filter. But this is
mostly a matter of becoming
used to the adjustments in-
volved, and it is not a tedious
affair. Only parts of the basic
circuit can be used if one
further wants to simplify the
device. For instance, the PLL
tunable audio filter can be
replaced by a passive LC
filter. This eliminates any
tuning but takes away from
the versatility of the unit
since the receiver tuning con-
trols then have to be adjusted
so the CW beat note falls in
the filter passband. Still
another alternative, if one has
a receiver with already good
i-f or audio signal selectivity
but gets tired of listening to
the hollow ringing sound of
such a receiver, is to use only
the LED and audio oscillator
portions of the circuit. The
LED is driven by rectified af
and activates the audio oscil-
lator. Each of these applica-
tion variations is discussed in
the following paragraphs.

Fig, 1 shows the diagram
of the 567 PLL tunable audio
filter. The 10k potentiometer
by pin 5 serves as the fre*
quency tuning control^ and
the 10k potentiometer in the

Wr m

:=f p

40 J

L5K
VCX-UME

©HEP
SSOOi

4-611
SPEHitJER

? V

O^TO-ISOL*TOH
OF FtCllfiC 1

Fig, 2. NE555 audio oscillator/amplifier which can be driven
by the PLL tone filter of Fig, L Note the simple but effective
S500S amplifier stage for the square wave output of the 555,

152

input l^d is used to adjust
the input level. This extra
control is provided since one
will usually initially monitor
the receiver's audio output
aurally until the filter locks
into place on the incoming
signaL The af input level
(from a headphone jack^ for
instance) that provides good
aural level may overload the
PLU Hence, the 10k input
potentiometer is nefcessary.
The bandpass of the filter
varies with the input voltage
levei, and carefui adjustment
of the frequency and input
level controls is needed. It is
best to practice first with
steady tone input signals
rather than a keyed sii^naL
The output of the PLL drives
a regular LED and an LED
optoisoiator. The regular
LED simply serves as a visual
tuning aid to indicate the
PLL is locked on to the in-
coming signaL Of course, it
will lock on to any input
frequency to which it is
tuned (or even harmonics of
the input signal if it is over-
driven). However, by pro-

viding a switch to go back
and forth between the audio
input and the output of the
keyed audio oscillator stage,
confusion will be eliminated.
The optoisoiator LED is used
as a switch to key an audio
oscillator stage. It can be used
to key any desired oscillator.
Some operators prefer a sine
wave signal, while others find
a harmonic-rich square wave
more interesting to copy.

Fig. 2 shows an NE555
oscillator/amplifier which can
be keyed by ihe circuit of
Fig, 1, The circuit is straight*
forward and provides both
variable frequency and
volume controL It will drive
directly a small loudspeaker
or low impedance head-
phones.

Fig, 3 shows some addi-
tional circuits which can be
used with the circuit of Fig.
2. Fig. 3 (a) shows a passive
900 Hz audio filter and recti-
fier which can be used to
drive the LED optoisoiator to
key the NE555 oscillator.
The PLL stage of Fig, 1 is not
used and the 900 Hz filter is

007

00?

jjl^Z-^"",*,

811:60011

I OK

ISOLATOfi^^i *

OUTPUT

Ba TO IK QA MDR£

OPTO-
ISOIATOR

Fig, 3. Two other circuits that can be used to key the NE555
osc ilia tor without using the PLL circuit of Fig. J, Myiar
capacitors should be used in fa). The .007 capacitors are

paralleled M05 and .002 mF units.

driven directly from the
speaker output of the receiver
being used. Fig. 3(b) shows
just a rectifier circuit driving
the LED optoisoiator. This
ultrasimple circuit can be
used when the receiver has
adequate selectivity and it is
only desired to key the
NE555 oscillator. The opto-
isoiator approach in the fore-
going circuits may seem a bit
elaborate for a simple switch-

ing function. However^ they
allow versatility in keying
various oscillator circuits and
if purchased in untested lots
can be very economical. The
pin arrangement of most
types is as shown in Fig. L
One can locate the basic ele-
ments with a VOM and use a
1-5 V battery with a scries
47 f2 resistor to see that
switching action takes place
when the LED is activated. ■

We have DenTron's New ML A- 12

• II

The M LA- 1200 is a compact KW designed to ffll the gap
between your barefoot transceiver or transmitter and a
full power 2 KW amplifier. A single 8875 external-anode
ceramic metal triode, (the same revolutionary tubes that
power the M LA 2500) yields r200 Watts PEP SSB and
1000 Watts DC CW with as little as 70 Watts drive. (An
automatic swamping circuit prevents damage to the final
if more than 100 Watts drive is applied to the M LA 1200.)
There are scores of features common to both the MLA-
1200 and IVILA'2500, like forced-air cooling, all-steel
chassis construction with tight fitting black wrinkle fin-
ish cabinetry, a plug-in PC board for metering, ALC,
and mandatory warm-up timing. The IVILA-1200 is the
same size as our Super Tuner (just 10" W x 6%" H x 10'' D), and weighs only 10 pounds! Twin
outboard power supplies are available for AC or DC operation, with the lVtLA-1200's low filament
current drain characteristics allowing for standard 6 foot cabling between units. Both supplies
are constructed of high quality, high current components, and are designed for a lifetime of
trouble-free operation.

MLA-1200 S399.50
AC1200 - SI 59.50 DC 1200 - SI 99 50

80 thru 10 meters

1 200 Watts PEP input on SSB

1000 Watts DC input on CW, RTTY, or SSTV

Forced Air Cooling System

AC or DC Outboard Power Supplies (AC-1200,

DC'1200)

EIMAC 8875 external-anode ceramic/metal triode

operating m grounded grid

W17

COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION
1320 Grand Ave. San Marcos, CA.
(714) 744-0728 92069

153

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 39&*8280

PROFESSIONAL HEADPHONES

& HEADSETS

, BOOM MIC HEADSETS

For the uttirnate in co mm u nictations conveniencft arvd effkiency select a boom mic headset. Long-time favorite of profefflonal
communications, boom mIc headseis billow more personal moblHty while always ka^ptng the mic properly positioned for fast, precffte vorce
transmission. Boom microphones are completely adjustable to allow perfect positioning. And, boom mic headsets t«ave both hands freB to
perform other tasks.

All models are supplied with "close- talking" microphones to limit ambient noise pick-up and provide superior intelligibility. Each modet has
a convenient, inline push-to-talk switch, which can foe wired for either push-to-talk relay control or mic circuit interrupt for voice operated
transmitters. The switch may be used as a mon>entarv push-button or it can be locked in the down position^ AM models haiue tough^ flexible,
8 foot cords whlrh ire ttripped and Tinned, unt^rm^nated. Communication frey with black trim.

MODEL C-G ID

MOf>ELC-1210

Deafer Programs
NOW A s^ailabfe

MODEL CIVI 1210

MODEL CM^1320S

MODEL CM-eiD

MODEL C-61 0 Ecanomical, dual receiver
magnetic headphone. Delivers clear re-
cepiion. Lightweighi and comfortable yel
ruggedty constructed for dally use. Ear-
cushions seal out distracting noise and
are removable lor cleaning. Price: $9,96

MODEL SWL-610 Simitar lo Model C-610
but With 2000 ohm imDedance. Ideal for
shortwave receivers requiring high im*
pedance headphones. Price: S9.95

MODEL C-1210 Medium priced, dual re-
ceiver dynamic headphone. Precise
sound reproduction. Deluxe foam-filied
earcuslrions are extremeiy comfortable
for those long sessions. The removable
cushions reduce ambtent noise penetra-
tion and concentrate signal strength.
Great for noisy environments or for dig-
ging out weak signals. Price: $28.30

MODEL C-1320 Our finest communica-
tions headphone Audiometric-type dual
dynamic receivers assure the ultimate in
receplion and performance stability. Ex-
Iremely sensitive receivers provide high
output levels even from weak signals.
Luxurious foam lilled ctrcumaurat ear-
cushions are removable for cleaning.
Pries r $37.90

DUAL MUFF HEADPHOfStFS

The following headphones offer outstanding sound quality and superb comfort for lon^ term weaf ing. All the models have circumsural
earcushlons to seal out distracting ambient nobe ar^d concentrate the signal at your e^r. Foam f tiled vinyi earcushjons on Models C-1210 and
C-1320 add an extra margin of comfort. Adjustable headbands and self -aligning earcups assure proper fit. All models are equipped with a
f iv« foot cord termi resting in a standard .250" diameter phone plug and have 3.2 to 20 Ohm impedance, CommunioaLion grey with black
trim,

MODEL CM^IQ Li||htweTght, dual receiver
magnetic headphone f similar to Model
C^IO)^ Ceramic boom microphone with -Si
dB output. Can be u$ed wittt any mobile or
base station with high 2 mic Input and 3.2
to 20 ohm audio output* Price: $42.80.

MODEL CM-T320 Deluxe dual receiver
dynamic headphone with audtometric-type
headphone elements (simrlar to Model
C'1320K Ceramic boom microphone witti
-51 dO output. For use with any mobile or
base statton requiring high impedance mic
mput and 3.2 to 20 ohm audio Output,
Price: $68.30,

MODEL CM'1210 Rugged, reiiablep dual
receiver dynamic headphone (similar to
Model C 1210). Ceramic boom microphone
with -61 dB output. For use with any
mobile or base station with high ^ Input and
3,2 to 20 ohm audio output. Priced $56.90.

MODEL CM I320S Deluxe single receiver
dynamic headphone with audiometric-eype
headphone element (similar to Model
C-1320), Ceramic boom microphone with
-51 dB output. For use with any mobile or
base statton requirmg high impedance mic
input and 3^2 to 20 ohm audio output.
Price: S54.50.

MDDEL

C-GID

SWLStO

C1Z10

CI 320

CM GIB

CM1Z10

cm 1 320

Pi f3203

HesdphDne Sensitivity
Rel 0002 Dvies/cm^
@lmW input. IkHz

lD3dBSPL
±5dB

i03dB5Pi

I03de SPL
J^dB i

lOSdSSPL
±5dB

J03riBSPl
±5dB

103tlBSPt
iSdB

] 05dB SPl
±Sde

iDSdBSPK

Hfiariphone Frequency
Response! useable!

15,000 H^

40-
15,000 H2

20
20,000 Hz

20'

20.000 Ht

4D- i
16,1300 H^

20
20.000 Hz

20
20.00D Hz

20
20,000 Hi

HBadphone
Impedance

32
20 ohms

2000 ^hm

32
20 otims

3 2.
20 ahm$

32' '
20 ofims

20 ohms

3 2-
20 Q\m%

3 2^
20 Dhms

Mic/ophone

FffquencY

' i

50-
B0Q0I&

50
BfflKlHi

50 ]

BOOClKz

Microphone
Impedance

—

High

H»gh

Hk^f]

Miaophone

Sensitivity
Below 1 vali/mEcrohai

ar IkHi

-5ldB

-SldB
£5dB

-Bide
^dB

SidB
*6dB

Cord

&■

f2 4mj

Plug

2S0 dta

250 d.3

2SD' dta

250'^ dia

unter-
mmated

unrer
minared

unrer
^ m mated

unter
minated

Gross Weight

B0;
I227gi

fl Of

12 01.

f341g|

15 01
142Bi]|

12 DZ

l^Qi

IB at

(511 gl

12 02.
I341g]

Caiilog Nunilier

&1G30 06:3

fi!63Q062

$1210031

61320-012

G1B30 064

Giaoo^sa

G 1320013

6132(MI1S

Tufts Radio Electrofiscs • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395^280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

SST T-1 RANDOM WIRE ANTENNA TUNER

AU band operation (I €0-10 meters) with
most any rafidom length wire. 200 Watt
power capability, tdeal for portable or home
operation. A must for Field Day. Size: 2 x
4-1/4 X 2'3/S. Built-in neon tune-up indica*
tor. Guaranteed for 90 diiys. Compa<;t ^
easy to use. Only $29.95.

talk

power

ASTATIC
MICROPHONES

SILVER EAGLE - $69.95

T4JG8-D104, transistorized $48.60

T-UG9-D104, "Golden Eagle," tran.sbtorized $9^.40
T-UG9-D104, "Silver Eagle/' transistorized . $69.96
UG -01041 ceramic or cryfitul •«. * , ^ *.«,,, . $42.60

Model
200 V

CES Touch Tonfl Pads

Model 200 V — acoustic coupling. $49,95
'Model 210 — for mounting on walkies or
iand4ields. $39.95

♦Model 220 — CES ean now offer yoti 3
OUCH TONE back for Standard Commyn-
stions hand-held radios. This is the com-
letB back assembly with the TOUCH
ONE encoder mounted and ready to plug
ito the private charrnel connector. Aiso
icluded is 3 LED tone generator indicator
nd an eKtefnal tone deviation adjustment.
*59.95

for an Economy Price?

THAT'S RIGHT!

introducing the ECONOLINE

Moci»l (fiput Okitnut Tvpl-CiH Fraquvnuv Pric*

702 5-30W 60-90W 10 In/70 OiJl i43 14gMHe SlS^.CD
^02& l^W GOSOM 1ln/70out 143 149 MHr $169.00

Now get TPl, COMMUNICATIONS
quality and reliabtlity At an economy
price. Th« new Econo-Line gives you
everything that you've come to expect
from TPL at a feet cost reductfon. The
latest mechanical and electronic construc-
tion techniques combine to make the
Econo-LJne your best ampiifier value-
Unique broad band crrcuitry requkes no
tuning throughout the entire 2'meter band
and adjacent MARS channels. See these
great new additions to the TPL COMMUN-
ICATIONS product line at your favorite
amateur radio dealer.

For prices and specHications please write
for our Amateur Products Summary! FCC
type accepted power amplifiers al^o avail-
able. Please calf or write for a copy of
TPL's Commercial Products Summary,

FT- 101 E TRANSCEIVER

FT 301

FP301 DIG
FP 301
FP301 CID
FRG 7
QTR 24
FT lOt-E
160 10M
FT 101EE
160-10M
FT- 101 EX
16EH0M

FU 2100B

FTV 65QB

FTV-250

FV'IOIB

SP-101B

SP-101FB

YO-100

YD 944

FA'9

MMB^I

RFP-102

XF30C

FR-101S

SOLID STATE

FR 101 DIG

SOLID STATE

FT 301 S

FT 3*1 S

teOM-lOM Trarvsceivaf - 200VyPEP $769
160M 10M TrafT&ceivar - 200 WPEP 935
AC Power Supply 125

AC PS, w/Clock and CW ID 209

GeR«ral Cow. Synthesized Receivw 299
Yaesu World Clock 30

XCVR W/Processor

XCVR W/O Proce^or

XGVR W/O Processor
AC Only, Lest Mike
Linear Amplifier
6M Transverier
2M Transverter
Exvrnai VFQ
3pe;frkflr
Speaker/Pdtctl
Monitor Scope
Dynafnic Base Mika
CooJIng Fan
Mobile Mount
RF Speech Prcscessor
^00 Hi CW FlU«f

160 2M/SW RCVB

160 2M/SW RCVR
160-10M40WPEP
leO-lOlW WWfEp Digital

729

64 9

589

3d9

199

109

199

489
765

$43.95
Kit

SLINKY!

A LOT of antenna in a LITTLE spaco
N0W Slinky® dipoie* with helical
loading radiates a good signal at 1/10
wavetength long]

'potent ffA JM3SJ2(f

^ WPl

-% iin;«4a:HitifH

tmmt tlwtt [mi

urwm.i Euiii

«fe£iK<u mm*im urn

tm. * iM 1 11

•1 grtf P«ngth from 24 to 70 i««l « no vttri tulun or rr invnqlcA
n««d«d • poriatil*— erccii ft xtorsm in ftiinuiiat * small
ftirouOhlDtitinarticorapdrtnipnl • fuJiiB^aipuwef • law 5WR
qvff complat* 60 .' 75 , JO . i yo merer tiands ■ muc n lowef aimtj.
sph«rlc noiaa pickup ttian « v«rttcal and Hands no fadtaJs ■ \u\
indudtn a p«ir qI ip*eiiilly»-fiiMKto Annch tfa. itf 4*knct^ l4ni
C04», conldinifig 33S tmil of r»di4ting, con4u[;(Qf b*lun. 50 H

u«l • rw m uHJi by US Dmpt ot SfalK U^$ A/m)i, rMM^ ichoolt.
f)AL« tnou4«nd]i gt Kama th« f*orW ow

Accea^jriei:
FC-6
FC2
FM-1

6M Convarter
2M Converter
FM Oetectof
Aun/S\N Crystals
AM-Wfde Filter
600 Hz CW FiltBf
FM Filter
Speaker

XF30B

XF 30C

XF 30D

SP 1016

FL101

SOLID STATE 160^1 OM

TRANSMITTER

Accessories:

RFP-101 RF Speech Processor

MONITOR/TEST EQUIPMENT

25
20
5
40
40
49
22

&2B
79

VC 500 J

YC&OOS

VC500E

YO'IDO

YP 1 SO
YC'SOI

VHF FM Si SSB

FT-620B
FT-221
Accessories:
MMB-4

BOO MHz no PPMI

Counter 249

SOO MHz (1 PPM)

Counter 399

500 MHz 10.02 PPW)

Counter 537

Monitor Scope !99

Dummy Load/ Watt Meter 69
Digital' Readout
M01/401 series) 169

TRANSCEIVERS
6M AM/CW^SSB 365

2M AM/FM/CW/SSB 629

Mctbtte Mount
(FT-620a, FT-221 >

Name.

Calf

Radio Electronics

209 Mystic Avenue ,
Medford MA 02155
(617) 395-8280

REE Gift With
Everi) Order!

Address.
City

State

Order;

Zip

D Check enclosed !- Visa ci Master Charge ^ American Express

Credit card ^-
Signature

Interbank #

Card expiration date

Dealer Programs
NOW A vai fable

Master Charge

American Express

Visa

Prices FOB Medford
MA. MA residents ^dd 5%
sales tax. Mintmum $3.00
for shipping 8c handliiiQ on
all orders.

Dealer programs
NOWavailablel

Tufts Radio Efectronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

Ttrfts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenm • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

HRM RRDIO/

COMMUNICnTIONS

MODEL
12V4
600
102

612

107
12HfVI4

THOMSON-CSF

NPC

ELECTRONICS

NETIfllCS

$19.9B
S20.50
S24.95
$27.95
$28.95
$29.95

103R

•13HM4

104R

12/115

108RA

108RM

109R

$39.95
$41.95
$49.95
S69.95
S79.95
S99.95
$149.95

At SOT AwMlafala n
13 KM 4 with bur^-in
lauds p«ahflr,

Output Vatlagfr
Conmnuous Current

MODELISHM^

NPC 3,6 Amp n9if^Ut*4i Po^Bf Supply.
BoHni StMtm Siioft Circuit ProT«CT«d-

Low cost regjlaled power EUppFy
quiotly ccnv^S 115 VqKs AC tQ
13^ vails DC ' 200 mi I li volts
1 ^ amps cooiinuttus, 2 5 imfis
reg \tks)Sltf jWiled for BfWfiting
mobile CB tfajisctivers in ytiuT
home or omce base slatKiii

yypiCAu

13.S i.liVDC
1 5 Amp
£^5 Amp
SmVftMS

14V DC

to mv ntfS

c*m y mi ■ *' <wi » 51*' m snipiN^ MM9M $ itH

MODEL 107

NPC 4 AFnU Power
Supply. 6 Anifi Mac
Sol^d Sut«. Overica;!
Pri>t«c(«|

RmctKm siieaUy in

115 vtim AC Id 12 velt$ DC

or or radio kPi « tkone o dict-

Oulpul ValT^gp (Fyll Loadl-
Ftdqriiig Cfip^ciilpr

4 Amp

1C V max

12 Vmin
ta.OOO LiF
.IV RMS

NPC

iitciir ■

ROWER SURRLY

HOPE I 1ICI4

fon c p
i<T& "vMLCiri t woe I a amp. aeo

M0DB.ia3

NPC 4 Amp Regulati
Powuer Supplv.
SQhd Stdt*. Dual
Oi^««lO>a4 Protection,

Convens 11& voJIe AC !□ 13.6 voUs DC f 200 mUlivoHs HamJtes
amps CQnil(iLiqu5.3n(f 4 amps majc. idtaf^y stilled ioi applicati^
wtiere no hiuir and DC s^b^lity ve tmpaflarvt such as C8 transmit
small Ham radio tansmtter^ .avid lugti ipjalify e^-lFKlt cv st^
C^ ilsa b# usflS la ihcUt-ctafec 1 £ wft car tnOBriK

OuiputvoKig«
tii^Loid n«Qij(«lion
tipple/ Nofite

TranslflnL F^esponna
tutrenS Cont^nijous
Cumnl Umur
CVfiWH FoKlb&cJi

TrpfCAL MaximijkI

20 mV SOnnV

?QuSec

f,S Amp

4 AfTip

1 Amp I

COlt £»h4poir^) weagm 4 ti»i

MODEL lOBRM

NPC 12 Arrtp RAtQul^teti

Pow«r Supfslv-

Solid Suit*.

3 Wav Frotactwl.

Currtnt fiAmm-

This tie«vv duty unit qufet(y Cdnverts ITS volts AC to 13.6 volts DC
-i:20D FTillhvfhMg. G jiitips dQn!liriiji3-ij&, 12 amps max. All .soJid stais,
Features dual currsnl overload aod ovefVoUape prolect^Dn Idoiiilv
suited lor op«>faiinQ mobile Ham r^io ? meicr AM-FU^^B iraio-
CEtVffS in fom bome ft otfici. Cati ahfi be osed tn thd^e-dynpfe f ?

Linc/loAd. RegulnAii^
Rippla/NoisD
Trat^aififit Rs'Sponta

C urrent C Q rtlinuQilt
CkirFefit Limit
Curranlf Oldbatt
OvsfWQiuiQC' ProActiwi

TVPIC*!.

13 G r 2VPC

2 mV R1^S
S*0 uSec
It Amp
12 Amp
2 5AjmEi
I4.SV

CAsiF 4*- fH J * Tl*-^ (Wl ■ 5H' ( D\ ^np&m^ WMQM: » 5 tb*

ALSO A V At L ABLE AS MODEL IQHRA
WrThfOUT METER AND OVERVOLTAGE
PROTECTION,

MAXIVUM

1S.6 i ?voc
SOmV

S-rnVRMS

ISiV

MODEL 109R

NPC 35 Amp Re^F^lfid Poi^t^r Sup^ply^ d-Wvv ^rpttcTad.
Output Vottag* and Current Matift.

£jiTghegyy-dutyijniiiquieflytJWi»wUtBiMttiAClo 13.6 vote OC ^209
mihivodis 1Q amps conrinuom 2S amps max Ml solfd stale Ffitures
dual curreni Dverloacf, overvoltagt vid iheitnai o^oiection Idleally Sidteti

Inr DpBT^tmg inol3i1« HarnrariiDarKli linear amplifier m yoijj horriB w office
Excellent inench power suppiy lev lestngi >LniJ servjcii>g or mobJlB commj-
ni cations QquipitiBnt,

3VDC

OidputVoMaqe
Lifie/ii!Md~
Ripfrtft Noii«
Trart£i«nt fiBsponiv
CuTtBnr Oontiniiai/s
Cutrqnl Limil

13.6

50 mv
5mVnMS
20uS«c
ID Amp

?6 Atnp
K,5V

MA:^iMUM
)3 G ; 3V0C

lOmVFlMS

1SV

t>fl1^WE» «IUi>f>LV

Case: 4H' tHj k 3" (Wl n BW (Of, Stiipprn^ Waight if (tu.

MODEL i04R

NPC & AiTip Pdw^r Supply
RvQuiated.
SoUd Stats. Dual
OvtirlOdd Protactton.

Convtrts 1^15 votts AC 10 13 6 vo^
DC j.200 miltivaEts, Haivaies 4
irr^ps coFitBuous ami S amfs max.
Ideally suited lot ip^icsnom. w0mt
15 mponamt. sudi a^ Ci irBnsmissiati, small H^m
liigh qLailtv i^ighl -track car stereos. Cart t» used Co
car battBTl»s>.

t3.6 :!! 2 VOC 13J :t 3 VOC

n SQ mV SO h^V

Z mV RMS 5 iriV R1«S

4 Amp
% AlTtp
a Amp

( W J X 6 ' r' • ^ D> S h ippmg We^gtil ■ 9 lb?.

excelletil DC staliility

radio transmitter, and
trickte^chjifp 12 vcjii

Output V^lifltg*
UfK/Lowi Ae^iifha
Fttppie/I4at»

CumKtt Cdi'tlinuOta
CufTvm Lirrui
Ci^rtefll Foldtjact^

dsbe; 3'.t"(Hi«5V"

■ • =i

iZV4

NPC t. 75 Amp
Fo^H«f S*jpp*v.

3 Amp Max.

Functicfis silently In converl-

ing 115 volts AC i^ 12 volts

OC Idifsily suited lor masl

applicahofts bncMt'nu B-lrack stereo, burglar alann. car r»^ a

cassfttc tape play« miim pofwer i^tn^

1 79 Amp
16 V mu
1^ V mjn
5,000 «F
.4 V HMS
Ttrormal Br^mk

(01 Sttippiiig VMnflm: 3 is».

Oni^lplll VattBa? fito L&td)
Output V F^n Lcuidi

Flllenng wufirti-iiQ-f
ftippJe jFlllt Uslad}
^horlCtrcuil Prolectiun

CftM-yim*'i' jW) tiv

MODEL 102

NPC 2.5 Amp
Pov^tr Supply.
4 Amp Man. Sdlkl Sllit
Ov«ric»it Pfoiatfed.

IFuWions silently ifi (aiOvef

rng Wh vol Is AG Id 12 .vol

DC. 2.& amp^ conllniious, 4 amps max Enables anvonfr lo enjoy C

insulbQr ca/ B-irack cartridge, cassflte lape plsyej' or car radio In a Iiiut

or office

Continuous Current ll^uii Load).
Output V04t*g« (Na Law3i»
Ow^HA VoHBoc I Fun i. o«d}
rUkJiMigiCipacitor
l^pplfr {Full Uoad)
SliDi^ Circuit PratQctlon

2.5 Amp'
lAVmn

S.OO&WiF

Cass: 3"(H] k 4^'" |W) x 5^" (D) Stripping WeiQnh 4 Ibi.

A General Multi -purpose V-O^^s

• Drop B^sistant
•Hami Site

• Model 310V^O-M

• Type 3

1. Drop^resistant, hand-size V-O-M with high^impact thermofttetic

Deafer Prpgrams
NOW Available

2. 20,000 Ohms per volt DC and 5.000 Ohms per voJt AC: diode
overload protection with fused Rxl Ohms range.

3, Single ran^e switch; direct rflading AC Amp ran^ to facilitate
clampH^n AC Ammeter usage,

RANGES
DC Volts: 0-3-1 2-60-300, 1.200 (20.000 Ohms per Volt).

AC Volts: 0-3-1 2^0-300-1,200 (5.000 Ohms per Volt).

OhfTts: 0-20k-200k-2Mf2-20M 12 (200 Ohm center scale on low

rangeK

DC Microamperes; 0-600 at 250 mV.

DC Milliamperes: 0-6-60-600 at 250 mV,

AcGuracv: ± 3% DC: ±4% AC; (full scale).

S<ale Length: 2-1 /a*\

Meter: Self -shielded; diode overlaad protected: spring backed jewels.

Case: Moldedr black, high impact thermoplastic with slide latch

pover for access to batteries and fuse, 2-3/4" w x 1 -5/16" d x 4-1 /4"

Batteries: NED A 15V 220 (U, r^V 91 OF {%): Complete with 42"

leads, alligatoc clips, batteries and instmction manuaL Shpg. Wt. 2

lbs.

Model 310 Cat. No. 3018 • . * ► , • , , , ,,...., $53.00

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617 J 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • {617J 395-8280

imr

TEN -TEC

Dealer Programs
NOW Avaiiabie

ARGONAUT

^00

AMfLli^lER
=405

ARGONAUT, MODEL 509

Cnvers ah AmatDur bands 1 0-80 rneters.
9 JWH/ trvsial filter. 2,5 kHz barkdwidth. 1.7
stiiape f^ciof 1^ 6^50 dS points. Power
reQuired 121 5 VDC ^ 1 50 mA receive, 800
iTtA iransTTTft at rated output. ConsTruaion:
aluminum chassis, lop and I runt panels
molded plasitc errd piineEs- Cream frofrt
panel, i^ralnut vmyl lop snd end trim, Si^ei
HWO 4'v" X 1 3" X T\ Weight 8 lbs.

LINEAR AMP LI F IE REMODEL 405

Covert all Amateur bands lO-EO meters.
SO viAtts output iKxvver, qontinuous fine

wave. RF vvattmeter. SWR meter. Power
required 12-15 VDC @ B A, max, Construc-
tion; ajuminum chassis, top and from panel,
molded plasnc side panels. &eam from
panel, nAsJmit vinyl top ^nd &nd trim. Sr^e-
HWD 4%-* * 7" y K' Weight 2V. lbs.

Argonaut, Model 509 , . , , , $359.00
Linear Amplifier, Model 405 . 159.00
Power Supply, Modal 2S1

(Will power tioth units} . , 85.00

Power Supply. Model 210

(Will power Argonaut onlyli . . 30 .DO

The new ultra-modern fully solid-state TRITON makes operating easier
ADrd a lot more bm^ witlioiit the limiiatlona of vacuum hibes.

For <sm thmg^ yoni can change bands with the flick of a switch and no danger
of off-reaonance damagi. And no detedomtiqn of pedormance with age.

But that's not all. A superlative 8-pole i-f filter and less than 2%
audio distoiiion, transmitting and receiving, makes it the smoothest
luid deanest signal on the air.

The TRITON IV ^pedflaitioit& are imp©:cable. For sel€ethit> . aUbiBty and
fecdver s^mtivity. And it has features such as fuU CW foreek-in^ pfe-
BclectabJ^ ALC, off-set tuning, separate AC power Hupply, 12 VDC operation,
perfectly shaped CW wave fotxiit built-in BWR bridge and on and on.

For new standards of 5SB and CW oommunication. write for full details
or bilk it qvET with your TEN^TEC dealer. We'd lika to tdl you why "Hiey

Don't Make 'Em Like They Used To" makes Ham Radio even more fun.

TRITON IV $699.00

Model 3^n One^Sixty Converter I 97.00
Model 244 Digital Readout ^^ 197.00

Mcxld 345 tyi Filler ....... S25.L. '

Model 249 Noise BLnkfir 29.00

Model 25 2G Powcf Supply 109.00

Model 262G Pov,^t-r Supply/VOX . . 1 39.00

TEN-TEC

TRITON IV

Digital Mcxld 544

S869,00

KR20-A ELECTRONIC KEYER

A fine instrument for all-around iiig.h perfor-
mance electronic keying. Paddle actuation
force is factory adjusted for rythmic smooth
keying. Contact adjustments on front.
Weighting factor factory set for optimum
amoothness and articiJElation. Over-ride
"straight key*' conveniently located for
emphasis. QRS sending or tune-up. Reed
relay output - Side-tone generator with
adjustable level, 5ell«com pie ting characters.
Plug-in circuit board. For 117 VAC, 50-60
lit. or €-14 VDC, Finished in creAtn and
wajnut vinyL Price $69. &0

KR5-A ELECTRONIC KEYER

Similar to KRliO-A but without side-tone
o&cjU^tor or AC power supply. Ideal for
portable, mobile or fixed station. A great
vttJue that will give years of trflublefree
service. Housed in an attractive case with
cream front, walnut ^-inyl lop. For 6-14
VDC operation. Price $39.50

KRl-A DELUXE DUAL PADDLE

PaddJe assembly is that used in the KR50,
housed in an attractive formed aluminuno
case. Price SB&.OO

KR2-A SINGLE LEVER PADDLE
For keying conventional **TO" or discrete

cburucter keyers* as used in the KR20-A.
Price $17.00

KR50 ELECTRONIC KEYER

A completely automatic electronic kcyer
fully adju^ia^^le to your operalmg style and
pTeference, speed, touch and wcithtingt the
ratio of the length of dits and dahs to the
space between them. Self-controlled keyer
to transmit your thoui^hts clearly, iirticu-
latelv and almost effortless. The jambie
(squeeze) feature allows the insertion of dits
and dahs with perfect tinnng.

An automatic weighting system provides
increased character to space ratio at slower
sp«eds, decreasing as the speed is increased,
keeping the balance bet-ween smoothness at
low speeds and easy to copy higher speed.
High intelligibiJity and rythmic transmission
is maintained at all speeds^ automaticaUy*

Memories pro%ided for both dits and
dahs but either may be defeated by switches
on the rear panel. Thus, the KR50 may be
oi^erated an; a full iambic (squeeze) keyer,
with a single memory or as a conventional
type keyer. All characters are self-complet-
ijiB, Price $110.00

SPECIFICATIONS

Speed Range: 6*50 w.p.m.

Weighting Ratio Range; 50% to 150% of

classical dil length.

Memories: Dit and dah. Individual defeat

switches.
Paddle Actuation Force: 5-50 £ins.
Power Source: 117VAC. 50*60 Hi. 6*14

VDC.
Finish; Cream fronts walnut vinyl top and

side pane! trim.
Output: Reed relay* Contact rating 15 VA,

400 V. max.
Paddles: Torque drive with ball bearing

pivot.
Side-tone; 500 Hz tone*
Adjustable output to 1 volt.
Si^e HWD; 'IVit 3c 5Mi*' Jc %W
Weight; 1** lbs.

.*»

ii«r

KR50

4 ELEMEMT8EAM • 10-15-20 METERS Price : $239,95

From one package you receive every component to quickly and easiiy assemble your
beam, ATB 34's rugged construction, full power handling capability, broad band
coverage, and four active ^ernenis will give you superior performance on all three bands.
Our new coaxial traps are very high Q, resulting In esttremcly low ohmic losses sod
longqr full performance elements. They are ratad for 2KW power handling. Feed is direct
52 ohm through tha 1-1 baton, supplied at no extra cost.

■*! 4:= t IK ! c "•« L*J ;

vnflltTie IMItt AADO
f 1 W P

V^CtflCATKMl

E^ic 1' t-em

BjltltaB4

**iq >

l|AttJ%

Now You Can Receive The Weak Signals With The ALL NEW

Model PT-2 it i tonHnuuui tuning 6-1 6U
mrUr P^-Amp specirtcfllh designed fof
Use wilh ^ LrjinnceiVf^r, The F1^-2 cojii'
biiwfi IliF ffjtiiirf>i of I lie well kno^vn PT
in III twiti frupliiiiticatcd 'folil rul rinridtr^
that prrmiti it to be atklrd lo >Trtuall}
si« l/anficvii»cf with Nu mudifkatiofi.
Ht^ nrriiiyt ham can he trithiHit uncp

AMECO

• tmpravei wneitriiH %bA sgnal-tcHKHK ratio -

• BiKwis iijffulj: tip I u 26 dh.

• For AM or S<SB.

■ Eiypaj3sefl iliiHr automatically if^hpfi llip Iranei^f'iver is tmniiiiiltirig.
« FKTanipUfipi' ^v^ HJp«rio? rru€« mudiibliim proleclion.

• Advanced ■erlid-itatr rn'ciiitn ,

• Sini|^ (cj itifrlail.

« Improv^f immiinjt])- la travuceivn' front^md atertoad by uk of it« huEt-in atlenualor.

• Provide! niiiRl«r power conlrol for station equipments

MODEL PT4

$69.95

PREAMPLIFIER

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic A\fenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Bi9S%

The indispensable

BIRD model 43

THRULINE^
Wattmeter

Dealer Programs
NOWAvaitabie

Table 1

STANDARD
ELEMENTS
(CATALOG
NUMBERS)

MODEL

Frequenry B<

indtfMH.

Power
R^riKC-

35* 100-

200-

400>

Ml 2S0

^00

1000

S Millt^

\f\ ^C

10 watts

10A M1C

100

lot

2^ watfs

—

r.A 2^C

i^D

^0 wms

^C)H

M\\ SCJC

5()D

50E

MM] v^aUti

HX)H

ini)A \mc

UK)D

KKJt

Z'JOwatis

J SON

1M\A 2StlC

2S0D

2*iOE

'(K)vfcati>

1(X)H

''.(Via ^IKC

"><K1D

SOOI

ICXJO^ imMJC

inaio

lOODE

2^00 waits
SDOO wdit^

2^ii;)H
iOODH

Read RF Watts Directly, m

0.45-2300 MHz, 1-10,000 watts ±5%, Low Insertion
VSWR— 1,05.

Unequalled economy and flexibilitv: Buy only the
element(s) covering your present frequency and power
needs, add extra ranges later if your requirements
expand.

Elements (Table l) 2-30 MHz
Elements (Table 1) 25-1000 MHz

Carrying case for Model 43 & 6 eternents

Carrying case for 12 elements

( Specifv^ Type N or S0239 connectors)

PRICE

$120
42
36
26
16

^^^ ^^ ^fcy^ ^^ ^^ Novice CrvstuN (Specify Ban<

Novice CrvstiiN (Specify Band Onlyjj

TWO METERS

Motorola HT 220 Crystals

mu.

i CRYSTALS m STOCK In Stock!

IStandard • Icom • Heathkit • Ken • Ciegg • Regency • Wilson • VHF
Eng •Drake •And Others! S4.50 @ Lifetime Guarantee

Make/Modef

Xmit Freq.

Rec. Freq.

VaZAU" BALUN

THi novtii uuiMi

k tlHl

\%im

ikM 2 !■ Ffr li* Inch t6« In^lvriirf I n la He
Mv ui sTftiBuu Sim mil tilt *?Dsn i>tKftiE ^i>w nitt#

l^nAtES CENTER IHSIilATOI MilJiiliniM A^llnn* Pull d Uvtr -(iOQ lb|.

11!!^ IN uGHTHiMiC liitinR. -iteipt p^iinct Biruii — Could ^lu %wn

a WH MB If lU
QL CHHHI 10'IW
irlP
Tifr«H*TllU5T...

BIG SIGNALS PONT JUST HAPP£»i —

give: ^m^ ANTENMA k BREAK

tMWl II f Mpllll t 1 HiplLhsi &4 *!- J^ Dhk iiBk^4n(l4 ltM< 4lllt1 b M

H TS ahp biiiivtd ifid 4 1 ttotfi ■jriiiipt go ir ts Mtm u*lil«ntii

AVAILABLE AT AU 1.£A[MNfi DEAL IRS IF MtlT, SROEI DIftECT

tIm bt t^f '"^r el 4wiliTr tti4l he legr ntf

SfOAlGl M -1 '!» «»»* t* l»i »*» Mil

Ha »w^f «t i* MW ^m*- '^ ' "

SERIES 31 — BNC CONNECTORS

Amphenoi's BNC connectors itre small, lightweight,
weatherproof coirvnectors with bayonet auction for
quick disco Qjiect appHlications.

Shelly, coupling tin^ and male contacts are

wccutBtcly niAChinefl from brass. Springs are made of
beryilium copper. All parts in turn are ASTRO-
plated® to give you connectors that can take
constant handling^ high tempefatures and resist
abrasion.

BNC BULKHEAD RECEP-
TACL.E 31-221-3&5 UG-1094

Mates with any BNC plug.
Ri^ceptacle can be mounted
into panels up to 104^^ tbick.
tl.25

BNC (M) TO UHF (F) ADAP-
TER 309'2900-a8S UG 255
Adapts any BNC jack to any
UHF plug, $3,63
DOUBLE MATIC ADAPTER
8 3^877<3fl5 Both coupUng
rings are free turning- Con-
nects 2 femaie components,
$2.72

JACK ADPATER *1*95
aT&-l 0 2-385 Adapts
83-1SP-385 to Motorola type
auto antf^nna }ack or pin jack.
PANEL RECEPTACLE
S3-IH-3S5 S0239 Mounts
with 4 fasteners in 21/32**
diamet«r hole, SI ^17
PANEL RECEPTACLE
S3*a7a>3S5 S0239SH Mounts
in single 21/32'' diameter
hole. Knurled lock nuts pre^
vent turning. $1.&9
BNC ANGLE ADAPTER
31-009^385 UG*306 Adapts
any BNC plug for tigbt angle
use. $4.23

BNC TEE ADAPTER
3} -008-385 UG-274 Adapts 2
BNC plugs to 31-003-385 or
other female BNC type rccep-
tab)e. $4,66

^^^t

UG-1094

UG-273

83-677-a«5

STd^lO^-aafi

BNC(F) TO UHF (M) ADAP^
TEH 31-028-385 UG-273

Adapts any BNC plug to any
UHF jack. $2. 3a
PUSH-ON

83-5SP-385 Features an un-
threaded^ springy shell to push
fit on female connectors,
$2.27

LIGHTNING ARRESTOR
575-105-385 Eliminates static
build-up from antenna. Pro-
tects your valuable CQulpment
against U&blning damage*
$4.80

BNC PLUG 31-002-385 UG-
88 Commonly used for com-
municatlons antenna lead
cables. For RG 55/U ik EG
58 /U cables. $1.59
BNC STRAIGHT ADAPTER
31-219-385 UG-914 I 9/32"
iong« allows length of cables to
be joined- Mates with BNC
plugs. $2,12

BNC PANEL RECEPTACLE
31-003-385 UG-29Q Mounts
with 4 fasteners in 29/64"
diameter hole. $1-74

PL-259 ... 90(/
UG-175 (Adapt-
er for RG 581) )

w m 9- mm- "J If

S0239

AMECO

ALL BAND PREAMPLIFIER

UG-290

S0239SH

UG-30S

UG-274

83-5SP-385

UG*2&5

57&-105-385

UG-aa

UG-914

• 6 THRU 160 MEIERS

• TWO MODELS AVAILABLE

• RECOMMENDED FOR
RECEIVER USE ONLY

- INCLUDES POWER SUPPLY

MODEL PLF employs a dua.
gate FET providing noise fig
ores of k5 to 3*4 db., de-
pending upon the band. The
weak signal performance o1
most receivers as well as image
and spurious rejection arc
greatly improved. Overail gain
is in excess oF 20 db« Panel
eor^tains switching that trans-
fers the antenna directly tc
the receiver or to the Preamp.
Model PLF IITV AC, 60 Hz.
Wired & Tested $44.00

Model PCLPUses

nuvistor , , , . , S44.0Q

Tutts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (6171 395^280

Tufts Radio Elecuonjcs • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

it:

Now Ws Crystal Clear

Ves, now ICOM helps you stuer clear of all the hassles of channfil crvstals. The iii?iw
IC'22S Is (he samir surprtsing^ radio yt>u've come tq Mnn^Vi' and love as th(> tC'22A,
rKCept thai ll i;S totally crystiiJ ind«peiKl«iL Zmttt crystal*., SoJtd ^tate cngiiieering
mobiles you lo prograni 2J chacinelfi of your choice wlthouf uaitmg. No«' the
ICOM performiince vfHj've demanded comes wHU iht tonvenimcc you've ftantedt
with youT new IC^22$. PrJC&: S^9M0

Hold it!

Take- h«ld (»r ^B with thf^
two low cod twins, ICOM^S new portahl*? IC-SCKt and IC-503 put it withm
^-our reach wh«feir«r jwu are, You can uke it wtih .vo« to the hi H top, die
highwaytt. or the beach. Thr«f pnnahk watts PEP on two metefw w ^txl

It* llo, DX! The ICOM quality and exc^slknt recpjvi^rchiiriiuteriKtiL'jsorthiifi
p^iir makf bulky imnverters and luw band rigs unniieiwfliiry (or ^^attinig
btarled in SSB-VHF Yeju juat udd vcnir Iiaear ump. ifyoiui wish, roiinect to
Lijt" antenna, and DX! With the 202 yoy fnay fjilk thmui;h OSCAH VI and
VII' Even transwive Willi an "qp^ r^ctnving cniiVert^r' The tC-SDS, ^imi-
l^frij, makes use of si i nn^teri in w^ys that ymj would have uJwavs liked by $
oouid never hoine before. In fact* there are so many things la try. ii a Like
upening a now band.

Take hold orSinf le Side; Band. TaJte hold ofHDniL" excilumnnt. Tukt^ two.

A<Mr SZS9M

WPO'Firn

-kA

«■

IC 245 Transceiver

The VFO Revolution goes mobile with the unique, ICOM developed
LSI synthesizer with 4 dig ft LED readout. The IC-245 offers the
mOft for mobilB on tti^a mgrket. Th£ ^a^V to use tuning knob moves
accurately over 50 detent steps and as:surei excellent control as
easily as steering the vehicle. With its optional adapter, the IC-245
puis you into all mode operation on 12V DC power witti a compact
dash-mounted transceiver. In FM* the synthesizer command fre-
quency is displayed in B kHz steps from 146 to 148 MHz, and with
the side band adapter the step rata drops to 100 Hz from 144 to
146 MH2« For maximum repeater f lexibililVr tine tran$mft and
receive frequencies sre independently pro^ammabie on ar^y separa-
tion. The IC-24S even comes equipped with a multiple pin Moiex
connector for ramote control. The IC-245 is a product of the
revolution in VFO design, from its new style front panel, to its
excellent mechanical rigidity and Large Scale Integrated Circuitry.
Yoiif IC'245 win give you the most for mobile. $499,00

THE NEW ICOM 4 MEG, MULTI-MODE, 2 METER RADIO - IC
211

ICOM introduces ttie first of a great new wave of amateur radtos,
with new styling^ ne<w versatility, ne^ integration of functions.
You've never before laid eyes on a radio like the iC-21 1, but you'll
recognize what you^ve got when you first turn the single-knob
frequency control on this compact new modeL The IC-21 1 is fully
synthesized in 100 Hz or 5 kHz steps, wfth dual tracking, optically
coupled VFOs displayed by seven-segment LED readouts^ providing
any aplit. The IC'211 rolls through 4 megahertz as easily as a
breaker through the surf. With its unique ICOM developed LSI
synthesirer, the IC-21 1 is now the best "do everything*' radio for 2
meters, with FM. USB, LS6 and CW operation. $749.00

Now ICOM Introduces 15 Channels of FMto Go?

The New 10-215: the FM Grabber

ThiE Is ICOlVTft fiist FM ponable, and ll puts gcKid times on th« 90^
Chiin^f v^'hk'Ei?^, wii\k rhroujjh the^ [larlt, rlimb « hill, and ICOM qualify
FM communlraliun* go right along with ytm. Long la«;t[n^ inU'irnal
bAneries make portable FM jenH^- pornWr. whik actzessjbk leaftiies.
nuke cuHwiwoii to extrmaJ pmMr and anieaaa fict «nd ea«^.

Giali iDf Oemlt^lic^ with ibe tttw 1021S FM porubW.

• Ff oni nifHintt'd coiutioli afirf iop

« N^nwfikaU^KHi— coBfwUble

» lS<;b.nii9U|l2«i«d/3p«i«fty«

■ Fully codepiittile MtHtimM

« CampAllbtf niDunl (qiAtUce fof diKible
anteniui

• DuAl pswfrtS vMCi» hkgh / 400 miv kiw.

• U3h!*^iSii(

■41* M

tamm

o-o-

WMic^m

pFiEK S229M

VliUi '\rm IC'tl-l^ inap'i iuj.ni|i»«i wirh- 5 pii|i|il>i ihjinn^b, bi^iidhrU mk, "lit* piiiti.t.lin c

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

model 333
durnmv lo^d
wattmeter

Fivofitf LigtiTwEJght Portable -2&0 WATT BAT1NG-

Atr Cooled
Id^t fteUi sef vies unit tor mob tic 2'i«iv fadiD— Cfl. msfine.
busiiicis^ band, Best for QRP arruitaur use, CB, with zero lo

5 walls tuH scale low power range,
a tpccificatiom

EIC ta 300 MHi

Lastlwi 13 1 to230MHt
250 wMtE tntw fBittwil
0 -5 . 0-60, 0- 1 2S , O- 2^
S0239

4"nr- ■«'■

2111*.

Ft HqutAtry Rm14«

Fomm Rwif*
Wjittm«ift Rin|g«i
CannictDf
fill*

_iiiOCiit 374 durmmy load wattm«K*r_

Top of ttw Ltn»-t500 WATT RATING-Oil Co«lWl

Our hignesi pctmst combiFi^tton unit. Rated lo IBOO waits
inpul tin term fiteni). M«ier ranges are individually
r^librai^d fctr h^ghefi ^curacy;
■ ipicifi cation I

FrvqiMncY ^
VSWift

Wnimptar Hingvi
Input Cann«ctor

DC 14 300 MHi

L«i ftiwi 13- 1 to 230 MHt

15O0 ««n3 DC mtaffnhttfvl.

0-15, 0- BO, 0-300. D-l&OO
S0-^3d {hsmwrhultv Hat«tl
4'3/4" Ri" s 1Q-1/4"

ssnsno

BARKER & WILLIAMSON, INC.

Economv High Powei Load- 1500 WATT RATING

Oil Cooled

modtf 384 dymmy load

Foi ^tigt* powpf rtheti all you need is the load.

• fp<cificationt

¥SWR

Shifipiflg l^cif hi
PnoB

[>C m 300 9mn

l«ii HiHi 1 J:1 w 230 MHj

l&DO witti ift4*rmftlftrit»
WurHiinig light* ugnils
maHiTiiLJin hMT IliHrtd,

SO 2» ^h#rrTi«1iMHv W»l^(
*-a^«~ tt3' m 10-1/2"

Ht^h Power -1000 WATT RATING-CNlCooled

mpd«l 334A dummy ki»d wattrn«t«r
Our most paput^ cro-n^Fnaiion umt Handkes ful^ amaieuf
power. Meter ranges indrvidualW i:aYibraT€d. Can be panel
mounted.
a ijHcificAtioni

Ff«i|i«anc¥ Raftfa
VSl^R

Wanmai»r Rin^it

Ifipul Connv^Of

Sin

DC ta 900 MHi

Las itMn 1 .3-1 ti> 230 MHe

IQOO ifrJrt^tp CW itttarmittmt.
Watnrriii iiqKl * M(Fn.ili
mtxiniUimi haat ^imil,

0-10. 0-100. 0-^0. 0-1000

50 239 Ili«i(?wtie^i4lv i^^it^i
4-3/4- «*■'« 'tO-1M"■
t2faa.

51 74X10

LITTLE DIPPER

model 33 '(A

tmniittor dip mstAr.

PoriabFe RF spngle g^rkSfator. signal rnonitof, of absorpti
ivavemeter. Ljghtweighi |1 pOLOid. 6 ounces wtti all ocsi
bat (erv -cowfireil umt ts Kleai tor lield utr «> i^t
iranscei ^ert, lunm^ «ntavi9(. etc, Cin a^so be used
measure capacitv. inductance, c^rcuir Q, and oiher facie
IridrspenrBalbli^ for ex peri morn ers. iT ts easily the rfti
varsatjje insti urgent m thy i^i'iop. Continucius cOwGnagR In
2 MH? to 230 MH/ in seven riir^ges.
Uitii doniisti oi i transistor tiad RF di^ osallator a
tOCNmcroam^enp meter circuit, M«t9 c^cu»l uaes
ungle trona^stor DC amplifier w»th a poientioniefer m t
emttier circuit lo control mffter sensnivitY. A 3-fX^IJ
stlide switch connetti the meter prcuil to the osallator \
dip rneasurements. So a diode for Bbwrpcion wave'Tiel
0€!ak measbremenis. or prov^d^ sudi'O modutaiton ol t
RF iignal

FrequerKv d«ai Has a (2iit»fdied reference poif^i <or U ar
banctwfdit^ m^surem^ts. Eachcnil has itsowrt Irequen
dial There's no conlusion rt^iiti rnyltipJe markings o* sma
hard -to-read icales, ni^r the reamer of ll^e diak

a ifHCittatiORi

2 MNl Id 730 MHx HI f DWf UDptfif
r«n^)ai by t^ut iTi ttii iHjaii 4)1^1
2 MK<-4 MHr. 4 MHt^ MHe,
B MM£-16 MMi. le MH(-32 MHt,
32 MHi-W MHi. 10 MMi-1 10 Ml-
1IOMHf-230MH2

Aceuf*^

t3%

Modylaticin

MMU Hi. 2511 lo 40%

P&IWf

9«ott trarwaiief %MtM^,
Bursas 21>€ 0^ «]unn(l*nt

Sica

7" It 2 1/4^' mZ 172-'

Stiipping WamNr
Pticm

1 Ib.fiai.

WIDE RANGE ATTENUATOR

Model 371-1

Protect your r^ceiwr or convt-rler ff^rn overtaad. o' pii,
vide step attenuation of low lie ve^ RF ^tgndii ''om si|fB
qiF'nefators, preamptitiers. or conwe^tE^rs. Seven rockf
iwjtches provide atter^iuiiit ion trom "I 08 to 61 t^ •» l-dl
flops. Switches ar« marijed *n dB^ 1 2-35-^ 20 20 S^^n e
aCtiiat^ swildhes IIN position) givis drttenualion With a!
switches in OUT posihon. \hei^ a NO insenion losi
Atfonuaior installi m c^oaxial hne ustnej UHF connectori.

I specif iatioru

r^Bwu Cagactv

VSWR

Inipfidjncii

St**

SliHplhni Waiffal

ptnea

1/4

1 ^: I rntiMtnuni. DC to 22S MHt

50 Dhmt

1 d&fdB, DC to 60 MHZ

0 1 dS.'dB 9 5 dB. DC l& 160 MHt

OJ tm.tiB ' t 0 dQ, DC 19 225 MHt

»49jS0

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford (VIA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electron tcs • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Handle full 200 uiatts • Iow4ow V.S.W,R, •Deliver 3 dB gain and more! •Pick the one that best fits yourneeds:

"^Lnrsen Kulrod
Antennas

MAGNETIC MOUNT

stays put even at
lOOmphl

MM-JM-150 for 144 MHz use]
MM-JM 220 for 220 MHz use J

TRUNK UD MOUNT

No holes and low
silhouette tool

Only
$38.50

TLM-JM 150for144 MHzuse^
TLM-JM^220for 220 MHz use
TLM-JM^440 for 440 MHz use.

And T/4 wave antenna for trunk
and magnetic mount — $18.50

Only
$38.50

cornptete

ROOF or FENDER MOUNT
Goes on quick and easy

in 3/8" or 3/4" with

fewest parts-

JM-150-Kfor144MHzuse
JM^220^K for 220 MHz use
JM-440*K for 440 MHz use

Only
$31.50

MM-JM-440 for 440 MHz use) complete

Above antBnnas ali cofTTp/ere with mot/ntrng hardware, cosx^ connector piug^ at fen wrench and complete instructions.

complete

And 1/4 wave antenna for roof and
fender mounts $11 ,50

I ^n ctirfiEjyv

SQiKMUtt tfiHch pnimphiief and iiippv fpr |f*HTi^nwia,

COAXIAL ANTENNA CHANGEOVER RELAY

377

Ouput ImfHBlinoi

lof cOrmp\^Ki^ autOrnotifE BppctiOn on trom FTT v mcnuil

Model 372 - S27.50

7 W

Model 377 -$17.95

iDdD *irr»CW iTOQO v^i^i 55«l
L4H lh>fi MS T. OC ia tBO MHi

UNtVERSALHYSRtD COUPLER II PHONE PATCH

iTwdtl 3002W «nd •noM M01W.

Coivvci vow fuion io Thai wmfftit* ^^^uHl Fn«
ipltlMi^ tftt Itltion to riw ifTW «Fi4 Iflf $1^ ■■tailMnand

CH'CM't prQ^itf>^ Idv aF^Ofll^is VQX dl^RlliCNrv e]4 Ifw phor>v

•nd l^KJ 49rMinls (^«f im^duikltian iwh«f<f the Ia4«4 (vhspiign*
I! 4/111I A ihi ttH^n <ti«envh9nt l The Convmntp aiM

wmifliMhong. Ft dflgnag J

BARKER A WILLIAMSON, INC.

Model 359 - $37.50

Lifit

Model 300 2W with Compreamp

- $125.00

Ha^OQltflMil

Deafer Programs
NOW Available

Tm* nHo^^v

lO^ tilTWl.

plnp^BP^ InM^pM

Model 300 1W without Compreamp

- $85.00

— COAXIAL SWITCHES AND ACCESSORIES

fpf inrsnnt Ml«ctiDin and RF fwadhii^

tut

O uH t Mth f«t« tmm iwii* >x

iFVErilar kifld Audio Pii^ii0^lmiL*mttB cart be M^d 4Pth
■n tvlXl HF TrArlimrlltft. i'bvyfirttj ti-v a ilang-ilMl ing dr^-oftf

ba[tefv-ri(S HJilwfml 04vmr naodid, Iflttntti WithtHtt trw
wirtng dwnflH if! youT iranimliiBf Jufi connect th<

dyn^rrK ^ tit|^iiifNKltnatcwniC| mtS vQu* vammftl^'i
mgrophewt >npirt cpnoacitf Ftom shvI rvckv wrrtcn Ian

if^ to • ilktsCiffi^^IiMa

m-Mtrnt.

tor y«ni C«r*rtac ■w^ir^B wtt*) ii-i>w-^

fwna md rtfiaWitw from ajiJiQ fF*iiiiBfvci*i re 150 MHr

SAW ocHHial fwiTctwi jFE 4tiisngd lor uU' with ^2 TO 7S
ohm nOfWMCtiwf ludl, ind J«e pmwr rjitod i1 1000 Atltl
AM, woo *Pttx 5S8 Canr«C»n »« UMF tvO« FnHrihon

i^ 4 «^4A^ «« H^siMm 4 «m am* \3 » up » t §0

COAXIAL SWITCH SELECTOR CHART

toudBti.

MqAtf v^r *«9i(«lt ^Qr ds* . Wilt, or EWitt indi^tv^ «nd

Radifll li>d«-rrK]<Lfni«d[ □ofinfctor modtli un ti(t AnhiH' Mill
gr pinil ruoun^vi. an^al CbiC:tif>ljiTB-maijni«(}| conrMtTOr
iTiOdtH«r» lor Pitwl (nuuniifig Dhly, sav# OA^r 9K«

»Hd

cAun Wbw «> ettiam iht: TtAdM yflu

-^=^^'

htoAa "tHCp

PRICE

OutpuTs

COfirtffCtOr

Mf:iuntinq_

Automatic

Grounding

Dili

Hfa^BfilA

Mrwle!

fineJ

Wall

Deik

R«m*f1i;i

37«

tS.95

Aju»I

Suppiiad

39fi

18.95

R«!i9P

SiJ£Klli«3

P«OTAK iv*ntn. GfOkbfid* ill cKcetst ]«^cied
ourput cirruir. 54xth swiich poviion grounds

550A

14.00

Riidt«i

OP- 5

mQf^'2

12.50

Rttfial

■

op;

561 A

17.50

Rfldidl 1

DP2

switct^ any RF d*v^£v m or oul af s«ri«f

ConrtfsT'On pH ^f ^O^xr^k unft See '"guft (o^*^l.

SbS

.95

—

Bractftt ontv. tctf wall mouniing of radial

CO nnnc 1 Of 5Af i J C^iM .

690

17.95

Axiil

C^S

&eoG

17.95

A^iaE

Suppi.«

Grcxif^ all except fei«ct«d duipui attmi^

592

1 6 SO

Axial

DP 2

599

18.50

Ifl-Un*

?(.

GeouriOldM E;<>:t;pl: wlKt«tJ cturpul tiifjir

Modal S92

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

Tufts Radio Electronics

There is no substitute for quality, performance,
or the satisfaction of owning the very best.

Hence, the incomparable Hy-Gain 3750 Amateur
transceiver. The 3750 covers all amateur bands
L8-30 MHz (!60'10 meters). It utilizes advanced
Phase-Lock-Loop circuitry with dual gate MOS
FETs at all critical RF amplifier and mixer stages.
There s a rotating dial for easy band-scanning and an
electronic frequency counter with digftal readout
and a memory display that remembers frequencies at
the flip of a switch. And that's just the beginning.

Matching speaker unit (3854) and complete
external VFO (3855) also available.

See the incomparable Hy-Gain 3750 at your radio
dealer or write Department MM« There is no substitute.

209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

T - .

1 1 ■

■

3a&4-$^.9fi

3760- S1895.00

3flK - SAmm

There is no substitute

v/ ^^■\^Aiiwteur PUdki Systems.

Deafer Programs
NOWAvailabfe

Super

3-Et«mf nt Tbunderbird
for 10. 1 5 and 20 MeUrs
M^Tdrt TUaMk3 — $199.95

Hy-Qsin » Super 3-etemenl
ThuTHlcrtrirdfielivers outstanding pefform-
ance on 10, 15 and 20 meters, The
TH3Mk3 features seporflte and rnaithed
Hy-0 traps far each band, and feeds wiih 52
ohm coast Hy-Gain Beta Match presents
tapered Impedance for mosl efficient
3 band mate hlng. and provides DC giround
U> eUmifiale precipitation stMk. The
TH3^^JlI deMvef^ m«xifnum F/B rMio.
and SWR U^s than 1 .5^1 al resonvKt OA
afl bandft. hs mechankai^' supetiot
c&nstruciion festures taper swaged skxted
tubing for easy adjustmcnl and larger
diameter. Comes equipped with heavy
tillabie boom-lo-mast clamp, Hy-GaIn
ferriEe balun Bfi-SS b recommended for
use with ttie TH3Mk3.

Electric Bi

Front-ioi-bacfi ra^ici
SWH itA resonajice)

Impedance
Power ralir^

Mechanical

Longest ckmeriit
floom lenglh
Turning radium
Wmd load A BO MPH
MoKlmifm wind s^Lo^al

J'Aast dtarrveier jiccepted
Surface area

a7dB

25dB
Less than

13:1
50 ohms
MaK legEil

ttOMhJ

8dB
25dB
L^es$ than

13:1
50 ohrm
Mat legal

31 r

24'

20'

156 lbs.

100 MPH

57 lbs.

1 V«* to Z^Y

6,1 &q. H_

27'

15 7'
1032
100 MPH

36lbi
l'-4''to2^'i'
4.03 sq. ft

6-Elemem So per Thimder-
bird DX fax 10, 15 and 20

Meters Mcwlel THii DXX
$2493& Separate HY-Q

traps, featuring large
diameter coils that develop
an exceptionally favorable
L/C ratio a ad very hi^h Q,
provide peak pcrfotmance
on ^ch band whether
working pbone or CW.
Exclusive Hy-Gain beta
Tnatch« lactorr pre tuned,
io-Sures nuixiinum fiain and
F/B ratio without com-
promise. The TH6DXX
feeds vi/Hh 52 ohm coaxial
cable II nd delivers less than
1.5; I SWR on aU bands.
Mechanically superior con-
struction features taper
swaged, slotted tubing for
easy adjustment itnd re-
Adjustment, and for larger
diameter and less wind
loading. Full circumference
compression clamps
replace Sfi If -tapping sheet
metal screws, Includes
large diameter, heavy gauge
aluminum boom, heavy
cast aluminuna boom-tO'
mast clamp, and heavy
gau^e mu chine formed ele-
n»ent-to4joom brackets,
Hy-Gs*in*s ferrile balim
BN-86 is recommended for
use with the TH6DXX-

HY-GAlhi'S HVfCOMPARABLE

HY TOWER

FOR 80 THRU 10 METERS

ModtO 18HT

V Outstanding Omni- Directional Performance

• Automatic Bund Switching

* Installs on 4 kq. ft. of r>tal estate
^Completely Self-Supporting

By any standard of measurements the Hy-Towci is unqtiee^
tionably the finest muki'band vrrticaj antenna system on the
market today. Virtually indestructible, the Model 18HT
features automatic band selection on BQ thru 10 meters
through the use of a unique stub decoupliniE system u^hich
effectively isolates varioui sections of the antenna so that an
elei"lrlcal V* wavt^lcngth (ot odd multiple of a Vt wavelength)
eKJst.^ on all blinds. Fed with 52 ohm coax, it lakes maximum
Icsial power . » . delivers outsLandin^: performance on aU
bands. With the addition of a base lojtdin£ coil« it also deUvers
outstanding performance on 160 meters. Strueturallv, the
Model 18HT Is built to last a lifetime. Rucged hot-aipped
galvantT^ed 24 ft* tower requires no gruyea5upports. Top
roa^ti which extends to a height of ^0 Ft., i* 6061 ST6 tapers
aluminum. All hafdware is iridite treated to MIL specs^ If
you^re looking for the epitome in vertical antenna livjitems,
you^ll want Hy-Towcr. Shpg. Wt.. 96.7 lbs. Order No. 182*
Price: S279.95

NEW Special hinged base assembly on Model IfiHT allows
complete assembly of antenna at i^round kvel . . . permits
easy raising and lowering of the antenna*

BROAD BAND DOUBLET BALUN
for 10 thru SO meters
Model BN-86
$15.9^

The model BN*86 balun provides optimum balance
of power to both sides of any doublet and vastly
improves the transfer of i^nergy from feed line to
antenna. Power capacity is 1 KW DC. Features
weatherproof construction and built-in mountinE
brackets, $15.95 Shpg, Wt. 1 lb- Order No, 242

MULTl'BAND HY-Q TRAP DOUBLETS
Hy*Q Traps

■ Install Horizontally or as Inverted V

■ Supcr-Streneth Aluminum Clad Wire

■ Weatherproof Center and End losulaton

Installed hori/ontally or as an inverted V, Hy-Gain doublets wnth
Hy-Q traps deliver true half wavelength performance on every
design frequency. Matched traps, individually preiuned for each
band feattire large diameter colls that develop an exceptionally
favorable L/C ratio and very bifth Q performance. Mechanically
superior solid aluminum trap housings provide maximum protec-
tion and support to the loading cotL Fed with 52 ohm coaxi
Hy*Gain doublets employ super-strength aluminum clad single
strand Steel wire elements that defy deterioration from salt water
and smoke ... will not stretch . . . withstand hurneane*Uke
winds, SWR less than 1.5; I on all bands. Strong, lightweight,
weatherproof center insulators are molded from high impact
cyolac. Hardware is iridate treated to MIL specs. Heavily serrated
7-inch end instdators molded from high impact cycolac increase
leakage path to approximately 12 inchei.

MODEL 2BDQ for 40 and 80 metein. 100* 10^*' overaU. Takes

maximum legal power. Shpg. Wt,, 7.5 lbs $49.95

Order No* 380

MODEL 5BDQ for 10, 15. 20, 40 and 80 meters. 94' overall.

Takes maximum power. Shpg, Wt., 12.2 lbs, $79.95

Order No. 383

CENTER INSULATOR
Band Doublets Model CI

for MuUi^

Strong lightweight, weatherpiroof
Mode) CI is molded from high impact
cycolac. Hardware is irtdite treated to

MIL $^pecs*
Shpg. Wt.,

155

Accepts ^" or W coaxial-
0.6 lbs. f 5.95 Order No.

MULTI-BAND ANTENNA

Dipole Antenna ^ Model DlV-80

$13.95

For 10 thru 80 meters — choice of one band

A dipole antenna for the individuals who prefer the "do-it*yotir-
self" flesdbiUty of custom -designing an antenna for your specific
needs. (Work the fFequenctea you wish in the 10 through 80
meters bands).

The DIV-80 features: Dumble Copperweld wire for greater
strength, Moaley Dipole Connector (DPC-1) for RG-SAJ or
RG-58/U coax and aU the technical information you wiU need to
construct your custom designed antenna.

END INSULATORS for Doublets Model EI

Rugged 7-inch end itwulators are molded from hi£h impact
cycolac that is heavily serrated to increase leakage path to
approximateiy 12 inches. Available in pairs only. Shoe. Wt** 0*4
lbs. $3.95 Order No. 156

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (6171 395^8280

WIDE BAND VERTICAL

for 80-10 Meters
Hy-GaJn's18AVT/WB

Tik« the wide band, omni-diT^ctional perTormance
or Hy-Ctain's fftmflus MAVQ/WB. add 80 nwter
capabihty pluw extra-heav},' duty constnicticm -and
you have the iittrivaJ]«d new 18AVT/WB. In other
words, you hav€ quite an antenna.

■ Automatic b witching, five band Mpability tsac-
compliBhed thrttygh the use of three beefed-up
Hy-Q traps (f^alLLring large diAmetercdils that
develop an exceptJonaUy favorable UC ratio!.

■ Top loading ooiL

• Across-the-band performance with jtiat on« fur-
nished setting for each band tlO through 40).

• True 1/4 wave resonance on all bands.

• SWR of 2:1 or leas at band edges,

• Radiation pattena has an outstandingly low
angle whether roof top or ground mounted.

CONSTRUCTION , , , of extra*heavy
duty tapered a waged iieamless alumi-
num tubing with fuU circumference,
corrosion resistant compression
clamps at slotted tubing joints. ..ie S4>
rugged and rigid thai, although the
antenna is 25' Ln height, it can be
mounted without guy wires^ uaing a
12" double grip mast bracket, with
recessed coax connecter.

Order No. 386 Price: $97.00

Th« Versatile Model IdV fc>r 80 thru ID Meters

lltP Medef IBV h • Iwc^Mlt. ht^lttit c#cwiis vtrtiCBl uimuw iMl trnm be-
luito^ 10 BSf Ibii4 M ibu tW tmu.it. hy # Hm^pl* ^^matmn^ a£ Lht
ttw4 pmra «l Hit iMldnim lHi*r la^iKttr VM »illli. St ^Ikm ttm*. ihtm Mi
ft rmAiMtmr tM «fn«jin]^l7 clAcirnl Ibr DX or local antdct Can^tntcted tit.

iMritr KlUlt* Jtliflin^Mffl Lklbm^t, IIWM||i«}h^ IXV m4|> hv iriM^IJ^il^ Mf| ■ l|>«7r|

1^ Inch maal driVvn inVu ihr j^njutid It la iiiIm> mJ-vpLablf Ui mif Mr Liwfr

mfluntmn Highly pwf in hi f, iKi* Mud rt IftVcftn br^uicrhJy kfni^krtJ dtfwrt to
un i^^pnill' It'-ri^lh (»r ^ ft UTid ii-Aiii.|y M'tJEE^mbl^Kl fcir flipld dii^'u ijnd rumpini^

Or(l*tN£i 193 Piici S33J0O

ALL NEW
3-BAND,
2 ELEMENT
HY-QUAD

• Itthra »tt «9[]ui qui lb ttlnolr^c^

■ Coifiplrir - rtaihtiif i-lie- la buy

■ HJfh Mrenall3.l»w wliid I Did
Tito (lv-4^u»d ffutn Uvl^Ji'n mikri »|l 43|}Kr ^jUadiubtukeli?' Hcrt'i wtiy
Fim. U'a tiK usil> ^h||d ihii A <uni|riflr Thdc: !■ uoilntii □»» la ih«p Itr

«n

1^1 il

' «n4 dika

lf*Kt1

bnf 1^ rmituif

14 ^ |Mi liot Tll« Ht-QlUHt is nr«. iriii^siW. I* I efi«l^l« %\'\ Iftt flTIf
qmri t4 bair nerjiihinB bpi«jdfr< ii« tiroten u I* 41 tini«tK't*fiiwi4 pouli
Wilb CycirEif iitiiiitiituri i in- bund I ck-mcni ci^ Pi Lru(i koit *iih iiMlL^tdiiiEI.^
TdiDiHT^d rlcmtiilN *f\\h n(i pich 4.1^1 liin I Hy-Quid r«quhrcf cnly aH< Errd li>i<c
Idf ill Wntt lMnEl« / iildividviJiUy lUhfil UJinmi milclKian Eich blHd Wilh
Ht-Cim tkciiiinff %ffle» Iwd } \u\\ fcmr el*Hi#Hit (uup* f«t|uirc^ rvu 1 unini
iiii^. it«{H. Icikding cijib«r talunt i' Imvi duiv MrchiHbfjJ coniirudian o(
EitDiii: *w*^ iliimiiiiM tnl!^ isi iii (EwnetJ i|WF*dtT^ia-iHHi'in fUmpf /
filri hmrf^mif JWiMiM beea^roBti daipp tkni liii wd iimMir««u)r
I ■«' Ml M'' ■ mmtta ' abuHB^ dnwdrd «n Yc^ «■ tft* «««

0ftl«rNa244 f^a &|%9S

SFECIFICATIDNS

Stapm

<*t-ndi Had ,

1{»

Fiif*nf<| sain

FfBf4«4«C^ rii*

VukvuiiflSi't

For 10, 1S, and 20 Meters
New Hy-Gain Model 12 AVQ

Completely self-supporting, the Model 12AVQ features Hy-Q traps... 12" double-
grip mast bracket... taper swaged seamless aJuminuin construction with, full cir*
cumference compression clamps at tubing joints. It delivers outstanding low angle
radiation. SWR is 2:1 or less on all bands. Overall height is 13' 6". Shipping weight
7.2 lbs. Price: $47.00 Order No. 384

New, improved successor to the world's most popular verticakl
Hy^ain Modal 14 AVO/WB for 40 10 Meters.

^Wide band p#rf ormancd with ana sotting (optimum settings for top performanoe fta-nishad)
• New Hy-Q Traps * New 12" Double-Grip Mast Bracket * Taper Swag^ad Seamier
Aluminum Construction

The Model 14AVQi^WB, new improved successor to the world famous Model 14AVQh is a self-Hupporting.
automMlic band switciiing vertical thai deU vers omm-directional performance on 40 through 10 metera.
Three separate Hy-Q traps featuring large dJameler coils that develop an exceptionally favorable L/C
ratio and a very high Q, provtde peak performance by effectively isolating sections of the antenna so
that a true 1/4 wave resonance exists on all bands Outstiindmgly low angle radiation pattern makes
DX and other long haul contacts easy Superior mechanical features include aohd aluminum housing
for traps using air dielectric capacitor. . heavy jjauge taper swaged seamless aluminum radiator, full

circumference compression ciamps at tubmg Joints that are resistant to corrosion and wear and a 12"

double-grip mast bracket that insures maximum ngidity whether roof-lop or ground mounted. The
Model 14AVQ/WB also delivers excellent performance on 80 meters using Hy-Gain Nfodel LC-80Q
Loading Coil. Overall height is 18 f£jct Shipping weight 3.2 lbs. Unsurpassed portability... outstand-
ing for permanent installations. Price: S67.Gio Qfder No. 385

■nrpiCAL i4Ava/wB vswr curves

fji

1 Q

24 0

2A3

214

»A

2e;« n a

1Q METER

»Z

»4

J«4 W?

1400

7.D

ItO

Z1 1

J1 1

jt 4

js i

?1»

1& lAlgJt

t{} 1

ROOF MOUNTING KIT- Model 14RMQ provides rugged support for Model 14AVQ/WB.
Order No. 184. Price: $28.95

Hy-Sain REEl TAPE PORTABLE DIPOLE
for 10 thru BO Meters Model 18TD

Tht most portable hifh perfonnancs dipole tver^

XH« Ifadel I^TD » fniqiitAlJiaaiayy Lhe most foolprwif hi^ pcrfonRflJice partdbla
dm^ktfft antAEina syat^m rver develo|Kd JE has prt^v^'ii tnvmltublr tn pi^vidin^
rvlJAbk cummumcationi lh vital mtliury and CDmmcririal'BppiicatJDfis through'
out the world Two staininaa atee! tape», calibrated In meters, txtttrd rrom eithvnr
ilde or t.hu main hou»mR Up to a toU) dmtanc^ of I2t Fe^t far 3 5 mt operBtion.
2Jj ft. length]), of poEyprDpylene rope MtlBched to ffath tape ptrrniitj idstallotion
\xt fpoles, inse*. buildin^^i whatever ia available for fcirmiTLg a dt^uhlel anLeniui nypicbL
iM/ci^m^nA %n }ive hi|^ tfbtm^ hoofiAf J4 « fr«qmk«fK7 ^ im^ oaovenkm dHart
etliinloi Ijd meter EiKitfUTviimit£ iin tfaa lapw «*f^— instellauon iwlpnwf Fncb '■lifa
S3 oimi coax, DrtiTEn cuiatanding pwfai—JB» Ai * pDttabtr or pcnHaftttii iiuKllrtim.
Mffasurei t'0K5V^x2 iiKba nEtrmebeil Wl^ 4.1 Hib.
Order Ma. 22S INio: »« je

Z)b«3?&T- MLA-2500 $799,50

DeoTron Rad^o has packed aM the
features a Hnear amplifier should
have Into thalr new MI-A-2S00.
Any Warn who worki it c^r\ tell you
the MLA-250Q really was built to
make arnatslir radio more fun.

ALC circuit to prevent overloading

160 thru 10 meters

1000 watts DC input on CW, RTTY or

SSTV Continuous Duty
Variat>ie forced air cooling system
Self-contained contiriuous duty power supply
Two ElMAC 887 5 external anode ceramic/
metal triodes operating in grounded grid
Covers MARS frequencies without modifications
50 ohm input and output Impedance
Built-in RF watt meter
1 1 7 V or 234V AC 50-60 hi
Third order distortion down at least 30 db
Frequency range;

l,8MHz (l.B-2,5) 3.5MHz (3.4-4.6)
7M HZ (6.0*9,0) 14MHz (ll.0-l6*0j
21 MHZ (16.0^22.0) 28MH2 (28-0-30.0)
40 watts drive for 1 KW DC input
Rack mounting kit availat^le fl9" rack)
Size: 5Vi" H X 14" W x 14'^ D Wt. 47 lbs.

*pipo cgommunications

TROUBLE FREE TOUCH-TONE ENCODER

POSITIVE TOUCH tK£YSQEPflESS)*MOatLE»HAMDH£LD
DESK MOUNT m m POTTED PARTS (SERVfCEABLE^
MIL. SPEC. COMPONENTS • NO RFI • S£LF CONTAINED
XTAi COJ>iTROLiEO • lEVEL ADJCJSTABtE FROAI f HONT

2.S

14 im

.^ivn Dill i

K swm -1. 1m* Eiaitaniad nitfi « '*'*t xiw^ t^<» mx^Ddar When Ki^l irk erumtt CViiwr (Ivnr PQxat

toKMm dNlty tvEUH^vt itw 1ti« ^iriv, Column. Himtvu, \T^ |umiMr><i4 D ly 4i>^ cdumn d(i«v n nniqrici.

rifM C4pwi4jniM4'(P'n 't'lB d»HJty*d ■ ti'hiA'i* i*m •VJiifelf imirurmnl lip be hae Af ilty dtFtftl 4af
III i.ijUMi f ^^i^if p^if liir* ii jB'TrTBf v"^ — —'-■'

pp-1

vr I'M lUi

»^1# *Bt

PP-2

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

-C - LINE AMATEUR EQUIPMENT

Drake R-4C

Solid State Linear permeabillty^tuned VFO with 1
kHz dial divisions. Gear driven dyal circular dials.
High mechanical, electrical and temperature sta-
bility.

Covers ham bands with crystals furnished.
Covers all of 80, 40, 20 and 15 meters, afKi 28.5-
29-0 MH2 of 10 n>eters.

Covers t@0 meters with accessory crystal. In
addition to the ham bands, tunes any fifteen 500
kHz ranges between 1.5 and 30 MHz. 5.0 to 6.0
MHz not recommended. Can be used for MARS,
WWV, CB, Marine and Shortwave broadcasts.

Superior selectivity: 2 4 kJHz 8-pote fitter pro-
vided in ssb positions, 8,0 kHz, 6 poie seiectiviiy
for a-m. Optional 8-pole filters ot 2S. .5* 1.5 an6
6.0 kHz bandw^dths available.

Tunable nolch fitter attenuates earners witbm
passband.

Smooth and precise passband tuning.

Transceive capability; may be used to trans-
ceive with the T-4X, T-4XB or T-4XC Transmitters.
IHuminated dial shows which PTO is in use.

Usb. Isb. a-m and cw on alt bands.

Age Witt) fast attack and two release time$ for
ssb and a-m or fast release lor break*in ew. Age
also may be switched off.

New high efficiency accessory noise blanker
that operates in all modes.

Crystal lattice filter in first M prevents cross-
modylation and desensitization due to strong ad^
jaceni Chan net signals.

Excellent overload and inter modulation char-
acteristics.

25 kHz Calibrator permits working closer to
band edges and segments.

Scratch resistant epo)<y paint finish.
Price: S^^.OO

DRAKE

COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVERS-

Power Supplies

Powtr Suppliti for T-4. T-4K, T-4XB or T»4XC (The Ae-4
can Ei« hoysed in an MS-4 speaker cabinet^

Mode! No. 1501 Drake AC^ SI 20.00
Model Mo. 1505 Drake 00-4 $t 35 .IX)

Drake MS-4

Drski MS-4 Matching Sp««k«r for use wUh R-4, R-4A.
R-4B and R-4C R^ceiver^ fHas spaca to hou»Q AC'3
and AC*4 Power Suppiiesl

Price: S 33,00

Drake T-4XC

Sotid State Linear permeability- tuned VFO with 1
kHz dial divisions. Qear driven dual circular dials^
High mechanical, electrical and temperature
stability.

Covers ham bands with crystals furnished.
Covers all of GO, 40, 20 and IS meters, and 28.5-
29.0 MHz o( 10 meters.

Covers 1 60 meters w*th accessory crystal Four
500 kHz ranges in addition to the ham bands plus
one fixed-frequency range can be switch*
selected from the front panel.

Two 8-pole crystal lattice filters for sideband
selection.

Transce*ves with the R-4. B-4A. R-4B, R^+C and
SPft-4 Receivers. Switch on the T-4XC setecfe
frequency control by receiver or transmitter PTO
or independently. Illyminated dial shows which
PTO is in use.

Usb, Isb, a^m and cw on all bandSn

Controlled'Carrfer modulatron for a-m is com^
patiNe with ssi> linear amplihers

Automatic transmit- receive switching Sepa-
rate VOX time-delay adjustments for phone and
cw. VOX gain rs independent of microphone gain.

Choice of VOX or PTT. VOX can be disabled by
front panel switch.

Adjustable pi network output.

Transmitting age prevents flat-lopping.

Meter reads relative output or plate current
with switch on load controL

Built-in cw sidetone.

Spotting function for easy zero-beating.

Easily adaptable to RTTY, either fsk or afsk.

Compact size; rugged construction. Scratch
resistant epoxy paint finish.

Price: $699 X>0

Accessories

DRAKE MICROPHONES

WiTBd for U90 With Draiifl Iransmitlart and trani»c«variv for
«4mw push-to-liUior VO)C Typ# ol (>p*rabofii is cfAttnntrwdi by
thfl VOX i^onlrol atfUfig of Ifit barsfnit^

^dj D««l( T;

D««k Typ« Mode! P*o 7075

* lyp*: Huvv Oyty C«f amic Desh
Top • Cstsla; four Fool, 3-
Conduclor, One Shi old * Output

|.flv*l: Mmus S4 d@ (Cf tfB ^ 1

vcillmicrobar) • Fr«{^u«ncy H>-

piMU»: ^Q-TOOQ Hz * Swltchfng:

Adapts to •ithflT pu^di-io-l^k or

^ VOJL prica, $39.00

HartchHeld Type Mcxlei No 7072

• T^^a: Coramic, hand hafd • Cabl«^
11" Retraclad, S eKtendad, PVC 3
Cord, 1 sriifldAd. Coi] Cprd * C«t«:
CycDiac • FIfilfth: Gro-y • Output
Mrwaii Minuii I9S da |0 dS « 1 voW
myi^ob^) m Ff*gM4ncv ll«*pOAa«:
300-3000 Hi • SwiicMng: AH^^ts to
■tlhar push-ti>ia]lk; o( VOX

Price: $l9i>0

Drake SPR4" $699.00

• Programmable to meet specific
requirements: SWU Amateur,
Laboratory, Broadcast, Marine RadlOt
etc.

• Direct frequency dialing: ISO^SOOkHz
plus any 23 500 kHz ranges, 0.5 to 30
MKz

• FETcirctiftry, all sofid state
« Linear dial, 1 kHz readout

• Band- widths for cw, ssb, «-m with
buitt^in LC filter

• Crystals supplied for LW, seven SW,
and be bands

• Notch filter

• Buflt-ln speaker

Drake DSR-2 -$3200.00

• Continuous Coverage
10 kHz to 30 MHz

• Digital Synthesizer
Frequency Control

« Frequency Displayed
tolOOHt

• All Solid State

• A-m, Ssb, Cw, RTTY, Iftb

• Series Batanced Gate
Noise Blanker

• Front End Protection

« Optional Features Available
on Special Order

Drake FS-4

Digital Synthesizer - $300.00

Tlie ne^ soltd state Drake FS-4 Synthesoier opens the
door to A f>#w world ol cdrttinuaus^tunir^ short wave'
Combines syntttesi zed general coverage flexitH I ity with
the selectivity, atab^litY, frequency readout an<j feliat)4i-
«ly ol the Drake R-4C or SPH-4 R^c^ivers.

* Intwlacea with all R-4 sefi«s receivara ind T-4X turlftp trans-
mfttara: (n-4, R-4A, R-<a. R-4C, SPfl-4. T-4. T'4X. T4XB and
T-4XC), wHhout modiiicatlcn. • MHz r«ng9 \^ 991 on FS-'4, wUh
kHz raadout t^k^n fruim recwver dial • Comptail:* ganarm)
cowage— ■» rang&trysuli (o ttyy. • T-4/T-4X Hfiat irinvnit-
tw tranac#v« cm any FS^ trBquartcr. wt««ri ua«d Willi R-4
Mrtes r«oai¥*rf. > Raodout 1 icHz wth DFMim PTO

Price; S250JOO

Tufts Radio Electronics •209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

Tofts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

6 METER BEAMS

l-S-6.10 ELiMENTS

roriD perfomujicc frum ruiffed. fpjl *!**. « meter beuad*
teiiunt fjMcia^iftaod l4i0lHi1iiivt been cirvtull> vngineeffi^ to
TV IkvI ppUtd, his^ tork4 jid ^io, COO'S l^^dm to bv^ rw '
id bnokd fmppBnnr iwiipemvtt.

Qomm an .«SS ^i«II ud •Ptmass >t« :i/4" - S/i^ .049 v*il
9sn|ei« dtTDtne flalih alamlmiin. tiding. The 3 ifid 5 eleiBoil
VJBP liive J 7/S" - 1 l/4'*b<dORia. The^oDd lOeJettLtifit beams
iV« I Jk/a" ' 1 I/S" liDDiTtM* All bmdcvla ire heavj i:»uui;
irmcd ftlumiBtim. Brij^ht llntflhcad plat<!4ubDlli|iireadJuBtBbtD
ir up to I u^^" tnaat dtt ^J fint\ a clement jind Li" nn £ anet tO
J4^nip»i1 Iumliiish All mrKlctlii misy be mtmnlA'd fur tiorizchnlfil Of
srtJrnl iKiJiirlEaLlcni

■ew rfHlurt'fl Jficludt; iii4jiu«tiii?]e \bn^ demenUi^ kilonau u^dl
^X£h ■nd buMl-tQ comx llttlitK tor d tract it civm Ih:^. Tb«i«
e«in» fnv imttdzj pukrkcHl iwj cqppUeet villi iiuLructlooB Fnr

MfHfal lito

Turn Ajcliift
Fiincl, Gtiin

F;e HiifiiD

3>rBsrn«ni

iir

TSdB
TQdB

A50o

117"

rir

74 tiB

1 1 lt.li

iir
11"

le ihi

iir

13-
13 dB

R1NG0
RANGER

L for FM

4,5 dB' - 6 dB"
Ommdrrectlonaf

GAIN

BASE STATION

ANTENNAS

FOR

MAXIMUM

PERFORMANCE

AND

VALUE

Cmk Cmft ti*a cr«»M<t aiM^ther first bf AiAkmf th«
woHd'A moat pffpoUr Z meter anteiuu twice as sood.
The new Rinfxr Rjilt|e«r is developed from tb* buk
AR-2 with three hAlt wav^ in pliaM and a one eie^lh
wave mati^hinir stub. Rinn^ Rftrigcr tiivt.^ an extremely
iow trnflfip of radiation for better Hisrnsii cot^rage. It ia
tiiiKLtilei Livtr a broud frequency mng« mid perfectly
matL'ht'd lo 52 ohm coax.

ARX'2, n7-ie0 MHz, 4 Ibt.. 112"
ARX^220. ££0-235 MH2. 3 lbs.. 75"
AftX-4S0, 435-450 MHz, 3 lb»., 3S"

• IMMvpC* H ™» dlpoit,

14, vrav* whip UMd b^ E4te lUAdanl taf Runjr

Work full quietliii; inin mort repeatcra and extend the
radjui of >^iii- direct cont-acts with ciie new iUnfo
ftanfsr.

Vou fRn tip date your jjreaent AR-2 Rii^ijo with thu
aim pie iirtihtion of thi,H ejctendt. kit, The kit includet^
ttie pfiushiiif netwark iind necflssary tlemeTit extensions.
The only rti edification n refiuir^d ai'e easy t« make «iiw
slits in the top auction of your antenna.

ARX'2K CONVERSION KfT

2 METER

ANTENNAS

Willi I'l tr«im ratfjmt ^nmnimimA wA fw^ k> muji, i. »nai
iD v« i*«i *» «itar PV jJiniwuu riTiii ■Iff

AR-4 A^£tt AA-I»

WifuL jLf«A ri). ft

]£» iH as

*r »* jir

IND' 1:9 dit jt&Lri, 1^3 uhcn r«Hed Uhci F'L £^9 irnnTi^^-tar PH^qfP tTicJudM I
fcmpjete dip^t iiiiHniblKi nn moLuiilhc li'&oins. lum*4Pi uul ill hardwu*.

Am-iD 144- IM MHl 10» watti ^^nd kfm IJi «q (t

Itt

«jTa]rf f^ I Ii4£rr FH

r«n> AlfiT-ll fm$M Mdl ■

13', Aavrt«Hi IM'AMrsfO^, Dan ivdt» dlT. ««icfcl tS

Al«7^^ iffl ~ 14t MTU 1£XW WitU, wTn4 >jnim 147 ik| n

D-VAG1 ITACKING «IT5 VPK jAi?lud«v hjwrtwnlal JiHMijilinpr Nmm^ hii]-n«i»,

(yvTtr thu iinglM nntetmji.

A14'VFIQ «m|}]*te 4 AJeniEnl lUiTkllije kit

Allt'VPfC. iiiwpmn 11 i^Bnoil- dacUlMr JQlt

tt -«- lit alMniad. oon htmHl antjr

IB Vnr-UHF«ai^
al HAO nita ^^nb

A44»-f AMiO^ll
1 II5T . IB 5 ihi.. ai-
*)■ w

nut, larFH aAd tirti^

Giijn.'F/B f»ll© d9
^ Pnvfrp hmntn

A14T'IJ

« ]Jb».., 73-

I. a]

A' J 47-4
44 ', W

0/iW

144- 14»

AB ajv

A44f-U

440-4511

F-FM TWWT 11.4 ^SB CidjB: THH «l«tt]*nlfl mnaoatal piHRFtxatlnn far liW
^4 eawcn^r* aan Lao caonaita mrUai. ]HilBrl»ll<ft feif m E^averaft f^'
irart EBill U 4 dfik r B rpxiA » fia. i«M IWCUi HO" wiHcAt m Iba, . teofrnt
£7 Alub fEedai Halcfa drtMA ilaiiiai tp i*M PUSM cfMoifcsaf^

ETB 1 4^ «4 ft.

JU4I

lift- tf7 MHl. ia» ^TkUa.

M/G// PERFORMANCE
VHP YAGIS

3/4 , 1-1/4, 2 METiR tf AMS

TbE Bt:aQii4rE| prcditfqpa n#on ia ■iraiHir VHF/L'III' ronuiiunic*-
t>cM Cs«b CfUti yagia cnmlilw *» wi perfanHUKe ud reiha-
blll^ «ilfa flptlnrapi Ai^a Ur «h BTui^fBliay and trnmntint at
)i3ttrait9«

LEg1ltw«1|0lt yet rufiEeti, the BiiteaiUB hi¥v a/lfl" O. D. *alW
Altimfnuni flemefrts with ^/W cvnter 5«ctlcin« mwiotedon h^vy

duly fornircj bfackttfi. Bcrttfiitt I* re I" and 7/li" Q. D, aluminum
Eublnp;:. Mu«[ monnta i>f t/i" fcrmetE aluminum havt^ ndjufiUibL*
u-boltB for up to l-J/2*' 0,D> iTuiEEl^. They tian be mounU*!
tor iwrtionbil or v^HicAl polArbtation . Cmni^l^U' iniiLndctLDfift
inctude fktM on 2 metBT FM repfiBter upemiionH

ffev fnityrw jKtude b Itllvwiict Reddi Mmlcb for dlrecrt 5^ ohiti
ircraxiAL feed with a saiKiiiTtl PL-££9 fitLlmg^ All elenmits mm
■t »£ wnT^tcnct^ AJid ttpered for impr^^f^ lMiidv|d4l-

l&XfeINo

Al+*7

AiMIT

A23ail

A43D 11

D^ripticar

avh

114m

£|«nieriU

B4KVI1 Ln^liin

90"

sr^

Wfffght

Fwd Gain

11 dB

13 dS

13iB

13iil

F/6 Rfltio

26 de

26 dS

7SdB

2SdQ

Fwd lai»t»

V, pint pi

4fi

SWR # Frpu

t tC3 1

1 lo f

tial

1 tol

VHF/UHF BEAMS
A50 3 $ 3235
A50-5 49J5

A50-6 69.95

A50-10 99 S5

AMATEUR FM ANT
A1474 $ 19S5
A 147-11 2935
A147-20T 54S5

A147-22
A 220-7
A2201 1

A449-6
A449-1 1
AFM^D
AFM-24D

84j95
21 S5
27S5
21.95
27S5
59J95
57S5

A 144-7
A144-11
A430-1 1

ENNAS

AFM-44D
AR-2

AR-G

AR-25

AR-220

AR^50

ARX-2

ARX-2K

ARX-220

ARX450

21^5

32,95
24.95

54S5
2135

32S5
29.95
21.95
21.95
32.95
13.95
32.95
32,95

20 ENMunt

FiBiwa KarA*tt
t40E.)

FFBfne il HBTtlin
IfO Et.l

Virt. f Ql, &f*ck»t
UOEIJ

144 HHl.

DX-130

DX-1BN 1Z,t»&

UDMHi

MaMl

OK^TS 37JB9
DXK-240 54Aft

D^K-2&o ra.ag

433 HHc.

Dx4?a 32Ji
0KK44d

DK-4BN 1Z.9&

D^-VPB 9fl& DK-VPB 9fii DJtVPB 9,95

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Aveni^ • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

why waste watts}

(SWR1A$25.95)

SWR-1 guards against powerless

[f you're not pumping out all the
power you're paying for, our Utile
SWR-1 combination power meter
and SWR bridge will tell you so. You
read forward and reflected power
simultaneously- up to 1000 watts RF
and 1:1 to infinity VSWH at 3.5 to 130
MHz,

Got it all tuned up? Keep it that
way with SWR-1, You can leave it
right in your antenna circuit.

j>.

ELECTRONICS

DELUXE

1A2 TRI SAND

MOBILt

ANTENISfA

• Automali :a]!v Ji1ju^t«i |o
prupjJt r^sorant.'ir ft>r ZU. 40
and 75 mcten.

• Power ntfed at SOO Want

■ lad:ujiei base icctioii, jui o-
mitiicoij ind whip top wtc-
lion 74 Z Anlcnnji

Price: $109,S5

tXCLUSlVi

DE.LUKE

5 BAND MOBILE

45 ANTENNA

* All hanil TnanuiiL ttwiuhinK
untennu lur 10 1"^ 30, 40
and 75 DickTS.

• Power rated at tO(K) Walti
Pt-P

mubikcoil imJ $jx focii wbip
tofii sfiTTiun 45 Anirniia

Price: $119,95

JMR /VIOBIL-&1R'

Two-wayTadio headset with superior fidelity
Electret-Capacitor boom microphone anc

palm^held talk switch

S69.95

SWAN METERS HELP YOU
GET IT ALLTOCETHER

Tliese wattmeters tell you wtiat's going on.

Witti one of these J n- line wartmet^f^ powef readings' For wtiatiever purpose

vou Ti imow If voo re gening n an weve got me wanmet^ fof you. uw

together an me time Need nign ac- voyr Swan crefftt card ApcNlcaCifxis

curacy^ High p{>wer handl tng'' Peaij at vtMJ r dea ler or wrtre to us

m*ttr wttn muicis Scd>«^
to WOQ wsm Hew ftai-
resoome {UnciUMtM couo-
\er for maidmufn accuracy

WMSDOO PcakTcadlnq
wattmeter Ream fiMS
powcf then with ttie nvk
of a (witth. True peak
pcnMfif Of vouf Ungi^
siOeOanci sigrtat mat s
whsrcaumsonssB

WM1S00 Hig^Accuracy in-
urw Mfattmeter lO* fulf
icaie accuracy on 5, 5C
500 ano 1500 watt scaler
? to M MHi FOrwaro afXJ
r^ftecteo power u^ ii
fpr trguQle Bhoptintg too

S74i5

ELECTRONICS

SWAN LINEAR AMPLlFtERS A Mark II 2000
\siitt. P.E.P. full legal input power unit or the
1200X ma I chine Cygnet 1200 watt P.E,P. input
pf^u'erbouse with buiit-in power supply^ The choice
is yoius. $849.95

NEW Swan MUBX
Mobile Impedance Matcher

It keeps your trmnstnitl^ and your
^peaMng terms tor a sonft. Price: $23.9

CYGHET 1200X PORTABLE
LINEAR AMPLIKIER

To quadruple the o^Jitput ot the 3nOB Cyenet d*?
novo, dimply udd this tnaLchmg unit for mari' ih^n
a kilowatt of power. Complete with &« If -contained
power supph' and provision for external ALC this
Cygnet offers exception^liv high elficiencv and
lineariiy. $34 99 5

Addifionaf Swan product* inchtde: fixed and mobih tsntentuis. VFO's Wicphone patch,
VOX. wattmeter, mwrophone^ and mounting kits. As another pxtra sen^ice, only Swan
Electronics offers factory -bached financing io the amateur mdio community. Visit an
autharhed Swan Electronics dealer for complete detaih

ELECTROHliCS

/vraoa

Vm-trnt^ 0#«" C:a*ii*<N ■

FOR BROADCAST^UALTTY TRANS-
MISSKIN AND RECEPTION PQK BOTTl
MOBILE UNITS AND BASE STATIDNa

« Booin -mounted «»lec tret -capacitor piicro-
phone detfivrs studio -quality. undiiStorted
voice reproduclion. Variable gain control
lets you adjust for optimum modulation.

■ Cushioned earcup lets you monitor in
privacy - no iipcaker blare to disturb
others. Biocks out envjironmental noi^it^
loo. Made of unbreaJtable ABS plaatic.

• Headband self-adlnfitE for corafortable
weaf over lone bou», Springftex hin^e
let* you slip headset on and off with
juit one hand. Reversible for right or left
ear.

• Headset Can be hung on standard micro-
phone clip.

• Compact palm-held talk switch Irts you
Iceep bath handi on the whe<irl for $aftr
drivinfc. Made of unbreakable ABS pla$tic.

■ Buili'in FET tranEistor iim^plirier adapts
microphone output lo any iranficeiver
hnpedBnee.

•Compatible witii most two-way tadioa in^
cludinf! 4ti-chmnnel CB units.

• Buiii-in Velcro pad for #Aiy mounting of
the taJk switch^

• Madf' \n U.S.A.

SPECIFIC ATI UNS

Earphone imped&nc?

And type: d ohfn$, dynainic

Microphone type: Electret capacitoi

Microphone frequency

response. 200-6000 Hz

Amplifier type: FET tran&istor^

variable gain

Amplifier battery- 7 volt Mallory
power: TR-175

Switchings Relay or electronic

IDEAL FOR EVERY TWO-WAY RADIO
COMMUNICATIONS NEED . .

CB opi«rator& • Amateur radio operators •
Polict find fire irehicl^^ • Ambulances and
ernergency vehicles • Taxis and truckers •
Marin? pleasure and work boats • Con-
struction and demolition crews ■ Industri-
al communjcattohE» ■ Security patrole •
Airport tower and ground crews • Re-
mote bfoadca&t tind TV-camera crt-w^ •
Foresters and fire - watch units ■

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Mecfford MA 02155 • {617} 395-8280

A new precision clock which tells time anywhere in the world at a
glance, has been announced by Yaesu Electronics Corporation. The time in
any principal city or time zone can be simuhaneously coordinated with
local time on a 24 hour basis. After the initial setting, as the clock runs, a
Time Zone Hour Disc advances automatically, showing correct time all
over the world without further adjustment- The clock is especially
designed to withstand shock and may be hung on a wall or placed on its
desk mount. The clock will run an entire year on a single 1 .5 volt flashlight
battery and the mechanism starts as soon as the battery is inserted. It
measures six inches in diameter by two and one half inches deep. An
excellent item for the business office, ham radio operator, short wave
listener, boat owner, and others who want an accurate dependable clock.

Price: S30.00 Amateur net.

NYE VIKING

CODE PRACTICE SET

Nov 114^454-002
Get the RIGHT START!
With « NYE VIKIfStG Code Practicje Set you get a sum, jmooth. Speed-X model
310-001 transmit ting key, a linear circuit osctltatpf and amplifier, Mith abuJll-in 2"
tf^aker, alt mounted on a heavy duty aluminym base with non-skkj Ceet. Operates on
standard 9V transistor tvp« battery (not mduditdl. Units can be connected in parallel
so thai t^vo or more operatofs can practice sef^din^ and receivinf to each other. List
price, SI 8.50.

STOP

TH\EF':

SAVE YOUR RADIO!

Fully Air TeitBd - Ttiuuiaruh Already in Uk

C16 40% Cet^pw INmM uwfi ■niHiM ta tihindl* |lki iott Co^d^r wiri —
Ralkd Iev bmtimr Ihpn KiB Ifflll |>QWBr ANI/CW ar SSB^^HHll Of (klline^
iO ID Ttii Dhm ttmmm - VSWI^ undti 1^ ic I il fnat tei^ti - Sliunl^

Si^ hm^ntni ~ Opb(i Pniflf IPBUtnan - Tantfit ^tttmmtttm - M^soA

■ pA mi - niiMMiMrf 1 yiM - mm tmrnim does

Manufacturad & Guaranteed by

MOFI'GAIN

2200T South 4th Street

LMir«fiwoith. Kansas 6604S

(913} 662 3142

MOOEL

ftAMOS

[Mbtvi;)

4020 HD

40/20

40-10 HD

40/20/16/10

80-40 HU

aO/40 + 16

75-40 HD

75^40

7&4D HD ISPk

?S/40

TS^aOHD

7S/40/:»

>5-aO HO (SP^

75.40/20

^S-IOHD

T5/40.-W'T5'TO

75^10 HD CSPI

7S.'40^20.t5 10

BO-TOHD

60/40/30/ IS/ 10

£49 &0

59.60
B7 50

6sao

57 50
e£BO
06 set
74 10
74 SO
76 50

WEiG*4T
3CA73

ae/i.oi

41/1.16
4QJ■\.^2
40/1. tS
44/1. 23
*4,l^3
4&/t.34
4fi/l.J4
&D/1.4Q

LEhtGTi-i

36; 10.9
36/10.9
6S/21.0
66/20.1
G&/20 1
fia/301
£6/301
6«^.t

NO TRAPS"- fSfO COILS- NO STUBS - NO CAPACITORS

MO R -GAIN HD DIPOLES . , . •On© half the length of convantional
half-v/Bve dipoles. • Multj-band, Multi-frequoncy* • Maximum effi-
ciency — no fraps^ JQadinig caits, or stubs. # Fully assetnbied and
pre-tuned — r*o measuring, no cyttlng. •All weather rated — 1 KW AM.
2.5 KW CW or PEP SSB. •Proven performance — more than 15,000
have been delivered, • Pefmit use of the full capatiilities of today's
S^and xcvrs, •One feedline for operation on all bands, • Lowest
cost/benefit antenna on the market today* •Fast QSV — no feodline
switching, • Highest performance for the Novice as well as the
Ejctra-Class Dp,

EXCLUSIVE 66 FOOT, 75 THRU 10 METER DIPOLES

fslOTES

M All mrodel^ above are furnished with crimp/solder togs,

S All models can be furnished with a SO-239 fernale coaxial connector

at additional cost. The SO-239 Ttiates with the standard PL'2S9 male

coaxial cable connector. To order this factory installed option, add the

letter 'A' after the modet number* Example: 40-20 HD/A,

M 75 metar models are factory tuned to resonate at 3950 kHz, (SP)

models are factory tuned to resonate at 380O kHz. SO meter models are

factory tuned to resonate at 3S50 kH^< See V5WR curves for other

resonance data.

DESIGNED FOR COIVmERCIAL USE UP TO 1000 MHZ.

The TUFTS SAVE YOUR RADIO bracket c^n save you a

bundle . . . and a lot of hassle. Why worry aboirt rtg rfpoff? The
TUFTS SYR bracket mounts quickly and easily in your car and
makes it possible to snap your rfg out of its bracket when you park
and put it out of sight.

The connector system has a special coaxial cable connector
which Will provide you with a lossless connection right up to 1000
MHz! No loss! In addition to the quick ooax connector then^ are
also four power and accessory connections which are made
automatically when the rig is slid into its bracket . «^ just what you
need for feeding power and loudspeaker connections to the set.

This is a rugged bracket and connector system . . , it*U take a
beatmg. There is a hole on each side of the 1 6 gauge steel plate for a
padlock in case you want to leave the rig for short periods in its
bracket. They'll have to rip out the dash to get It . . . and it won't be
the first time for that.

With two of these brackets you can bring the mobtfe rig into
Che house and use it in seconds. On trips you can take an AC supply
for the rig and use it in your hotel room- Price: $29.95

m^0

t1 4-320 O03 -

Me,

^ ttDJQ

1US3-0m

Hi, tl4-31lMMia

-^^r\ Na 5SfC-1 SX3.flB

' $39^

KYE VIKING SPEED-X KEYS

NYE VIKING Standard Speed-X keys feature smooth, adjustable
be&niags, h^avy^uty silver contacts* and aze mounted on a hea%'y
oval die cast base with black wrinkle finish. Available with
standard, or Navy knob, with, or without switch, and with nickeJ
or brass plated key arm and hardware.

Pamper yourself with a G old-Plated KYE VIKING KEY!

Model No. 1 1 4-31 C-004GF has all the smooth action features of
NYE Speed *X keys in a special **pTesejitBtiDii" model. All
hardware is heavily gold plated and it is mounted on onv^-tike jet
black plAStle sub -base. Ust price is $50.00.

NYE VIKING SQUEEZE KEY

Extra-long, finger^ fit ting molded paddle with
adiustable spring tension, adjustable contftcl
spacing. Knife-edge bearings and extra large,
gold plated silver contacts! Nickel plated bra^
hardware and heavy, die cast base with
non^kid feel« Base and dust cover blacK
crackle finished. SSK-1 — $23.45,
SSK-ICP has heavily chrome-plated base and
dust cover. List price, $29.95*

You set a sure, smooth, Speed-X model
310-001 transmitting key, linear circuit oscillator and amplifier, with a
buUHn 2" speaker, all mounted on a heavy duty aluminum base with
nan-$kid feet, Opf^rates on standard 9V transistor type battery (not
included). List price, $18.50.

PHONE PATCH Model No. 250-46-1 measures 6-1/2'* wide, 2-1/4'*
high and 2-7/8'' deep. List price, S36.50. Model 2&0-46-3, designed for
use with transceivers iiaving a built4n speaker, has its own built-in 2'* x
6" 2 watt speaker, Mea^ur^s 6-1/2" wide, 2-1 /4'' high and 2-7/8" deep.
List prJce^ $44,50_

COPE PRACTICE SET

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Med ford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • IWedford MA 02155 » (617) 395>8280

Gain (ov^i isoteopic

• ModeJ TA*33

• 3 Elements

• 10.1 db Forwud
source)

• 20 db Front-to-B»ck Ratio

Tlie Mosley TA-33, ^-element beam provides
ouistanding lO^ 15 and 20 meter perfor-
mance. Exceptioiially broadband — gives
excellent results over full Ham bandwidth.
Incoirpo rating Mosley Famous Ttap-JVI aster
traps. Power Rating — 2KW P.EJ', SSB. The
TA'33 may also be used on 40 meters with
TA-40KE cDtLversion . Complete wiih hard-
ware. £206.50

MlTLTl-BAKD BEAMS

TRAP MASTER 33 < - . 10, 15 it 20 Met«is

• ModelTA-33Jr.

• 3 Elements

• 10.1 db Forward
source)

• 20 db Front-to-Bsick Ratio

The TA-Ii3Jr . . . incorporates Mosley Trap-
Master Junior traps. This is tiie tow power
brother of tbe TA'33. Power Ratine — 1 KW
P.E,P, SSa, Slal.Sd

Gain (over isotropic

TA*3 3JR. POWER CONVERSION KIT
MODEL MPK-3

Ovmers of tlie Moslry Trap-Master TA*33Jr.
may obtain higher power without buying an
entirely new antenna. The addition of the
MPK*3 (power conversion kit) converts the
TA-33Jr, into essentiitlly a new antenna wkh
750 watt*; AM/CW and 2000 watts P.E.P.
SSB, $52,26

TRAP MASTER 36 . , , 10« 15 4c 20 Meters

•Model TA-ae

• 6 Elements

• Forward Gain (over Isotropic flonrce) - lO.l
db on 15 £e 20 meters, 11*1 db on 10
meters^.

Front-to-Back Ratio on all bands. 20 db.
This wide-spaced , six element eonfigiar action
employs 4 operating elements on 10 meters, 3
operatine ejeraenis on 16 meters, and 3
operating elements on 20 meters. Automatie
bands witching: is adcomplt^hed through
Mosley e)cclusi\^ly d.esigned high impedance
parallel resonant "Trap Circuit/' The TA-3{) is
designed for 1000 watts AM/CW or 2000
watts P*E*P. SSB. Traps are weather and dirt
proof, offering frequency stability under all
weather conditions. $335^25

MOSLEY AK-60 MAST PLATE ADAPTER
Mast Plate Adapter for adapting your Mosley
l*^.<i" mounted beam to fit 2" OD mast.
Complete with angle and hardwari>. $11.16

A hrilliant new 2 meter transceiver

with ewr> innhwand operating

ftaUirf and ctinvi^niLiitre

KLM MULTI'2700 - $69555

* Synthesizer and VFO.

* AU modes; NBFM. WBFIVt, Aft/I»
SSB wv/USB/LSB and CW.

• Frequency synthesiier (PLL>

3 Knob, 600 channel*, 1 0 kH2 steps,

• VXO, plus or minus 7 kHz.

* LED readout on synthesizer,

• Standard 600 kHz splits plus * , ,

• Two ^'oddball" splits.

* OSCAR t ranges I ve 2 to 10 meter operation.

• OSCAR receiver built-in.

• Connectors on re or for sepgrate 2

meter and 10 meter antennas.

• Built-in VFO (continuous coverage,
744-148 MHz in 1.3 MHz segmenTs. 1
kHz readout).

• 3 pole SSB filter plus two FM
fitters.

• 100 kHz crystal calibrator.

• Voice operated relay tVOX) or
p-t-i.

'^ Audio speech compression.

• Noiie btankdr*

• n IT, plus or minus 5 kHz*

• Power out/'*S" meter.

• FM center deviation meter*

• low minimum output power. NO
TUNINGI

• Hi-Lo power proviston*

• Built-in AC/ DC power supply .

• Double conversion receiver. 16.9
MH2 and 455 kHz 1-Fs.

• Receiver sensitivitvi

FMi 0,5/iV tor 2S dB S/fSj,
SSS/CWr 0.26^ for 14 dB S/N.
AM: 2/iVfor lOdBS/N.

• Si/e: Inches: 5H, l4.8aW. 12D.
MM: T2SH, 37SW. 305D.

• weight: 28 Ibi. (13 KGh

Dealer Programs

NOW Available

CLA5SIC-33 ... 10, 15 4 20 Meiers
Mod^l CL-33

• 3 Elements

• 10,1 db Forward Gain (over isotropii:
snviree) on all bands.

• 20 db Front-io-Back Ratio on 15 & 20
meter St 15 db on 10 meters.

BRIDGING THE GAP ,,, The Clasac 33,
eom bines ttie best of two Mosley systems.
In CO rpo rating Mosley Classic Feed System for
ji ** Balanced Capacttive Matching:'' system
with a feed point impedance of 52 abms at
T&so nance, and the Famous Mosley Trap*
Master Traps for "weather-proof* traps with
resonant frequency stability. This extra
Sturdy multi^band beam^ Model CL^SS^ for
operation on 10, 15 & 20 meters features
improved boom to element clam ping « stainless
steel hardware, balanced radiation and a
lon£er boom for even wider element spacing.
Ponrer Rating — 2 KW P.EP. SSB, Recom-
mended mast size --2^ CD. Wind Load — 120
lbs. at 80 MPH. Approve, shipping weight — 45
lbi£. $232.50

CLASSlC-203 ... 20 Meters
Model CL-203
3 Elements

• lO.l db Forward Gain (over iJiotropic
source)

• 20 db Front -to -Back Ratio
Incorpomting the MosJey patented Cla^ic
Feed Sy^em. this full size 20 meter single-
band beam has \W^ to 3/8" dia, ^'swaged'*
elements wide spaced on a 2*^ dia. 24* boom.
Maximum element tength-37* 8W*. The high
standards in quality construction established
by Mosiey in over a qtiarter -century of manu-
facturing tg reflected in this mono-band . . .
Mod«l CL-203. Boom^to^mast clamping
assures stability with a tlirne- tested arrange-
ment of mast plate, cast aluminum clamping
blocks and StaUiiie^ steel U -bolts. The e 3^ elu-
sive "Balanced Capacilive Matching'' System
has a nominal feed point impedance of 52
Ohms at 2 KW P.E.P. SSB. Recommended
rnast U7j^2''* O.D. Approx, shipping wt: 42
lbs. via truck* $227.65

CI,ASSIC-36 , . . 10« 15 & 20 Meters
Model CL>36

• 6 Elements

• 10.] db Forward Gain (over isotropic
source) on 15 & 20 meters, 11.1 db on 10
meters*

• 20 db Front-to-Back Ratio on all bands.
The Classic 3G^ like the smaller Classte 33,
incorporates both the Mosiey World^Famous
Trdp-Master Traps and the Mosiey Classic
Feed*Systcm* Designed to operate on 10, 15
tk 20 meters, this multi-band beam Model
CXi-36, employs the high standards of quality
construction found in all Mosiey products.
The hoom-lo-mast clamping assures stability
with a time'lested iirrangement of maiit plate^
cast aluminum clamping blocks and stainless
steel It -bolts. The exclusive "Balanced Capaci-
live Matching" system has a feed point
Impedance of 52 ohms at resoiian.ce* Wind
Load - 210 J lbs. at 80 MPH. Power Rating

— 2 KW P,EJ^. SSB. Recommended mast size

— 2" OD. Approx. shipping weight — 71 lbs.
via truck. $310.65

40 METER CONVERSION KIT MODEL TA-
40KR

Work 40 meters in addition (o 10, 15 & 20
meters by using a TA-40KR conversion kit on
the radiator element of the TA>33 and TA-36.
(Beams with broad biind capacitive matching
may not be converted!) Convert the TA*33Jr.
with the MPK-3 (power conversion kit) before
adding the TA'40KR kit, $02,25

SIGN AL*M ASTER ANTENNA
Beam Antenna , , , Model S^02 for 40 meters
For a top sienal needed to push through forty
meter QRM, the Mosiey Signal Master S-402
will do the trick 1 This 100*^ rust-pioof
2 element beauty constructed of rugged
heavy-wall aluminum is designed and engi-
neered to proiTde the perforrowice you need
for both OX hunting and relajung in a QEM
free rag-chewing session. Beam Is fed thft^ugh
link coupling, resulting in an excellent match
over the entire bandwidth. $267.50

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystit; Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 ♦ (617) 395 8280

HemotB

Motor
Con tf of ted

RCS.4

COAX ANTENNA

SWITCH

• Cctfitrd untt wmks on 110/220
VAC. 50/60 H^. and supplies
necessapy DC io motor.

• EJtcellefil for single coax f&dd to
multib^and quads Of arrays of
mDnobanderfi. Ttie five posiiians
allow a single c^ax Teed \o three
beams and Iwo dipoles, of other
siinilar cambtnations,

• Control cable (not supplied)
same as tor HAM-M rotaior,

• Selects antennas remol^ly.
grounds all unused anienf»a£r
GNO position grounds ad &n-
tenrias when leaving ^taiion.
"RQin-Kat" construe rior^ shields
motqf and switches

« Motor; 24 VAC. 2 amp. Lubrica-
hon good ta — 40°F,

• Switch RF Capability; Maximum
legal limit. Price: $120.00

MATCHING NETWaniCS

MN-4

200 watts

Price: $120,00

MN'2000

2000 wans PEP

Price; $250.00

Qancrat: ■ Inlegrfll WaUmeter ragd» forward pcwef In
walls and VS^'VJt dirpcily can tje catibTdled to r&ed re-
f Ice lea pqvjej • Malchfti SO otim Irinimittvr aulput i^ coac
|Ui|#i\na fe^lif^Ci wriih VSWfl ol ■! Ie«4t 51 • Ce»vfia« haiTi
bandt 60 thru 10 mtlars * SwHehvt tn or out with fioni
partftt switch • SfM; S'-i'M. tOH^W, a" D [UC a 27 3 i
M 3 cm} MM^OOq, 1**m"D f36.S Cffl^
• ContintMua Dvtr Outputs MH-A. 3<0Q wans; tm-2000.
100Q wstis (2O0C wftlli PEFt « IWN-20M ontft lip lo 3 in^
laiirta coTrneclofs scFPciedi by UcuM panel s^itctr.

RF
WATTMETERS

W-4 1.8-54 MHz
WV-4 20-200 MHz

Price: $79.00
Price: $39.00

Reads rorward and reflgclvd power drr^tly In
waffs (VSW^ trom nomogram}. Two scales in
oacfi direcijon Slia: S^i"H. 3?i"W. 4"D (14.0 x
g.£ X 10.2 cm)

Modal Full Ssjale Calibration Accuracy

30D watts 15% Qt 'eadmg -I- 5 walls]
2QQQ wflMi ±(5^D ot reading ■+ 20 watls]^

^¥~i ^^ *>fatt» ±i5% ot ffladJng -i- 1 watt )
1000 waits lL&% ot reading t 10 walla)

W-*

DRAKE

SSR-1

COMMUNICATIONS
RECEIVER

• Synthesized ■ General Coverage

• Low Cost • All Solfd Stale • BufIMn AC
Power Supply • Selectable Sidebands

• Excellent Performance

PRiLIWrNAHV SPECIFICATIONS: • CCv* 50Q IiMi to

30 MHi * frmmt^ncf can b^ re4d acc^. - bvtt&r t^n

S kK2 • StnulktHf typtcatly 5 mfcroroils tor 10 dB S+Nm
SSa ana bflUe' than 2 mtcro volts tor 10 <IB S + N/N AM
* SaleelatMi sidtbandt * lum-hf pcnnr fupply^ 117/234
VAC ± 20% • It ih« AC powtf »oyrc« faili Ihf Mnii jwftche^
automat^caFly to on intern Ht battery pack whicn uses eight
D-ceHs (no! supplied} • For raduefld currant drain on DC
operation tha d^alB 4o not light up unless a red pus:h button
on ihe Iront panel b depre^&eid

The performance, versatility, a lie and low cost of ttie
S8H-t matte It ideal tor use is a stand-by iiJinaluLrr or
novJce-amaltLir receiver, shon wave receiver CB monitor
feceivef, or Qeneral puipcsia laJioralDry r?oeiv&f

Pric«; S350.00

GENEHAL; • AM Kmateur band* W \htiM iO meters m seven
BOO ftH; tanges • SnUa Slit* VFO «^th 1 hHi dial' ijii^tsionfl
• btodei SSe Upper arte Lower, CW ftnd AM • Built-in
Std4tOfi« and automatic T/R switching on CW a 30 tub««
and ««mi-corHJuctart « Olmensiont^ 5.'i'*H, to^^'W, 14H"
D (t4 0 s ?7 3 K 3S 5 CTin). Wi: 16 lbs. f7.3 K§J
TRANSMIT: • VOX or PTt on 3SB or AW « Input fower:
SSB, 300 wsila P-E.P.; AM, 260 walla P.E.P. conTrrjIiod
CgrrlAf CDm|:>alibte wjlh SSB tine^ars; CW, 2B0 watta m
AdjufLabIs pt-fietwork,

FIECEIVE: • Sensitivity theller than It ^V lor 10 dB S^N a
1^. Seteelivlty 2.t liHx @ 6 dB, 36 kHz @ BO dB m AGC
fuM on receive nwdftS. vaiiallte Witn R^ ga^n Conirdl. t«st
attack afid slow vehease Mnth noise pulse suppression #
Diodv Detector for AM mc nation.

Price: $799.00

34^PMB Ptug-in Noise BJanker
FF-1 Crystal Control Unit . . .
MMK 3 Mobile Mount

RV-4C Remote VFO .......

TR4CW SIDEBAND TRANSCEIVER

. . 100.00
. . . 46.95

. . . . 7.00
.$150.00

POWER SUPPLIES
AC-4 Power Supply
DC-4 Power Supply

$120.00
. 135,00

2 METER FM

PORTABLE TRANSCEIVER

Model TR-33C

LINEAR AMPLIFIER
Model L^B

Arnateur Net $229,95
SCPC* Frequency Control
t2 Channels with Selectable Xmtr Offsets.
AM FET Froni^end and Crystal Filter for
Superb Receiver Intermod Rejection ,
Expanded Antenna Choice.
Low Receiver Battery Drain.
Traditiona] R, L, Drake Service Backup.
Single Ct^stal Per Channel,

L-4B Linear Ampltfiar , » . * . ^ . « . . $995.00

• 2000 Watts PEP SSB •Class B G rounded-
Grid - two 3-5 OOZ Tubes * Broad Band
Tuned- Input • RF Megative Feedback •
Transmitting AGC * Directional Wattmeter

* Two Tautband Suspension Meters * L-46
13-15/16" W, 7-7/8" H, 14-5/16'' D. Wt.:
32 lbs, • Power Supply 6 3/4" W, 7-7/8" H,
11" D, Wt.: 43 lbs.

POWER SUPPLIES

AC 4 Power Supply - . . , $120.00

DC 4 Power Supply .......*..,.. 1 35.00

Touch-n-go with

DRAKE 1525EM

Push Button Encoding Mike

Drake 1525EM, microphone with tone encoder and

connector for TR^3C, TR 22, TR 22C. ML 2 , $49.95

• Microphone and auto-paten encoder in single convenient package with coil cord and
connector. Fully wired and ready for use.

#Higti docuracy IC tone generator, no frequency adlustments,

• High rel lability Oigitran® keyboard.

• Power for tone encoder obtained from transceiver through microphone ^ble. No
battery rectuired, Low current drain.

• Low output Impedance allows us© with almost ail transceivers.

• Four pin microphone plugi directly connects to Drake TR-33C without any modifica-
tion In transceiver. Compatible with all previous Drake and other 2 meter units with
niinpr modification**

• Tone level adjustable.

• Hang-up hook supplied.

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Med ford MA 021 55 • (61 7 J 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (6171 395-8280

For all you hams with little cars ..

We've got the perfect mobile rig for you,

T1i# AiUa 210s qt li^x ai£asunH ooJy
»^' widv It 9^' ^mp x only 3Vk' hlfli. M
tbt Abcim pbolofri^ ilicniri binir flftfllT Bh
Aliftt irvwaiwr lite tntD a GdiBp*cl car.
And tbmB'% cdflnty vi una to tpus for
VliF t*A^ *°" oihar BCDanDtr ajiilpmcErt
W(tb ^ excJuuvB AlLu plav-lD rt^ligii.
foo can ^ip your Attai in and ml r

dr Ift a maUBT of ■nonndB. All ooiuhu* j.^..^
alit BlMSe'HiitiBnBtictilly.

TOT DONT LET THK SMALL SEEE FOOt

YOl^l

EvoEi ihougli lh4^ AlhtJi 3IQN and 2t3x Irons-

c«ivur5 uro t«fl9 ih^n bail iba iuw and

wstghr of plii^ liF iruosc^m^Tba AtLui

b truly a ^aal la porf i^miance.

100 WATT^ PQ^'Ei tATEM^'
UMa fHPHBf Jffrai m a wcvea pcniad inin^
ealiir to^ hmtdiUa' bui true. Aiiai irmis^
OBli«ri|$v« yoti an iIm iiiUt pcnroTfatiiaad
le w«^ Itw ^Forld barflfooi, Siipial r^otti

conalattilf r^MI ftwi^ surpri« it the Aig-
nalitreiiith In relation io ihs powtr rating.

nil. ft lAM] OOVHAGE
Tll« llOx fxmn t&W iimiHiii whlk tlie
lli% MJtJa 15-100 aafeBL Addlfif tie
Allfti Mudd IOk Crvitai OioiUtei- pnnuls
fl«Bth imottued ftw|itfticy oftftnift !«
MARSaod EMiwDrL oparatiDii.

NO TlANSMITTEit TUNING QR
LOADtNG CONTROLS
with AiIjik' i^i»3 liru^dbandlintf. With ^aur
AtUifi i'uu get trust nil I QSV wn] btiii4 cJuinge.

thIQST AOVANCSD SnTATE OF THE AIT
SOyD STATE DESIGN
ikit ODif aiocfiiinte far iia iighl tir«i|h]. bttl
■Milfaa jaa yimn of mp pBrforraanc^ auj
tfniMe five opaTdi bi| pJeasitrt .

ruj&m dtcriTT iOAii>$

and modulAT chsiffi prwidBft ftsf atao of

tiCEFTIOr^Al. BfllrailTT TO STV0M3
n^'AL OVEtLOAI> AND CXOSS MOD-

IFLATIOK. Tbfl axduffive frtmi nod design
in 4he racE>iver allows yfw lu ufMra Ifl donr
kri froquoncy |fi ftircing neighboring aigiidlfl
ihnti you have ijvnr oxperiancfifl wfore. If
yuu hiive not pi ope-fated aD Alla^ t^ani-
cahwr In a crcwtliid banl and cnniparal it
witli any oihif r rocaifvw or tnnacnvfir, fOQ
tuti/e 4 mi llinll

A WOBLD WtDE D£ALE1 iWetWORK TO
SERVE YOU.

Wbirtbtir ynu'ra driving a Mmda in Kanaai
Oty or a MnrcadB Sbib In W«t Gmmaitir.
ihen'san AllfttdaflWiwariffNj,

AUHsZlOm w 3I&V

l«D

n^f* »Hi bvwt

AC CosMit 110^30 V .....

Fntubif AC lupviv iio/^no V
nm-isi Muniit Kit .

10* Obc ie» rryitHli

tii.oi»
ai4T^«

IDOJIO
59.00

PliliNOMENAU SELECnvm
Thu sxdufilvo a pde cryHtal Indder fili^er
uftttd III A\]m imnMmvGTR reprsianla d
maiai' breakthroLij^^^h in ftlier {iiMi||[ii, with
ittiprBcedBnted ikkirf selecliviljr miuJ ul-
Moialp raiecliqa. Ai tfaeabcrvfi gfa^ iliDiin:.
tfal* ftHsr paiNidv » 6 dh IwaowiEith of
3700 tisrta. SO dt) (kiwn of Dn]> 4XO Hertz^
wvl ft twDciwidtf) of only 92DD Hff^ #t US
db dcMv! UUdmata nfoctiK li In wa-m^ «f
IJH db; sreatar iSian tbe mauunng limits
df fiidsl le$f -MitiipBHiBL

far ciomplelf; dntMiiii aee ygur Atbii dualer.
Of dPDjj as a rjurd and we'll mail ^tm a
broctuire viith diuler list.

4^^ ATLAS

RADIO INC.

AMATEUR
ANTENNAS

"the home of originals"

SUP£l^ GAIN

MOeiLES

^ffivllc

STANDARD GAIN
MOBILES

Tim Mctcfi

im^ffi ~ 14 A

MHXl VlLt Itt

* ^MiiL ttt bom «» i^ii. btfi

4t|| mint wrptei tprnv ""iS I^
yiL ^EC ftG-ii-U *« PL-a»
Mttniu mncHBtrifl Norn mount

HOD^L S^Il 141

4.^ AJilEnna nuDurtli 0**

52 dbffkn iMHrl/li

5vtn fli Msonince^i.tii typkii

Ptivwr rRtlrtf—ZIiD wiltt f M
nni AHA 111 METIPI-

TiuaN ur HnuwT

HQML HTI

-1«

BILT-IM

till;. $Pft fl&SI-U Md 9t&

MUSTUEH
-PUCK^USTCH-

tf4

feur noynt <9r t pndt t«iKiio«:

^ HebUet mDtM* ifiOuihtl.
Wputit cr cabk ncM mElifdHfl

DELUXE MOBILE MOUNTS

HPt

MODtL UHt-1

Fi-Bid trlmnni^le radiitoi fof 1/4
wivTA i)[MritkDri an any frfqKMncy
Fnsffj S4d tu ^HOMHf. Cuttmt^Xiirt
iflclutMd MfMfnn on 4i4r lltt IW-
■tct. fusel, -d^ck, r»rK*»r m **'

IHfT'l

HOOEt 001-144

Ctt big npa\ pFfiofTn»nc«T supi^
tLor rtceMi^ £A^bJlihr with tnli
■5i^ C9llne»f irtt*nrv». LiPBy.intitll-
ttEiDR'Cn fidt (K BEttE al tmnii; l<p

ir iriJL SPtC flfr*U ind PL-a9

Ml %' ^ IMM tiL « «t4

All resonators are t>recisioil wound with
optimized demgn for each band, .^ssem^
bly includes 17-7 PH siaiiiless steel
adjustable tip rod toi towtfst SWR and
band edge marker. Cboose for medtuin
or higb power operation.

STAND Aft D HUSTLER RESOIVATORS
Pttwrtf ftatint: 4O0 Wans SSB

■H

Modtl

Band

price

RM-10

1 0 mslflfl

$ 6.50

RW)-15

1 5 metofi

esB

RIVl-20

ZOmmafi

7.30

RM-40

40mal:flri

13.20

RM-7S

7^m«tari

1S.S0

RM-80

SOTTifitan

IS-^

SUPER HUSTLER RESONATORS
Powtf Rjttfin: Lav I Limrt ^B
Sup^n havi widan liafidhri^tfi

WODfL ASS-7

hsiHL indiltfQn Ein idt
V miee □< truf4 lid In-
ciudes. 17 RG-SfMJ ttO-
iwclcn flIlKPied.
Prm^ 114461

Othfm Xr^fPiit Dp maurrt

iMti for pDHllon^tifl *fi'
tiftni to VHtKil- £My —
no hotH '^ imtBliiticin
Inchidn n Ri^sa^u

tflKhwI hia: $17.30'

Ram plllpf mouiH li#t

lilnl trirn lirw futtirl,
iTvcludfls 110* IwliTil

C«al mounl d^tfalM 4n
1' hoik. lfi£ig«*« M'

■wNti mil Mid so-zxi

Ttiini innn Hmint in
ttjllt in 4iri!Uffn «t^ Of
trgg¥T u*idP" lAJrt* I'd

ciu*id l^icftrSa.OO

TI^UNK lip MOUNT

FJBid Cn,rin[nabl« MdlAtor ^nriitj
qiMrtflr wivi dtMrifWfi sa arry
fNAMficry fnan 140 tc VJH MHi.
Cun^nf chat IneJudH Chuv^Ee

n«ia'. tia Jfi

HHI

^od«l

RM-10S
RM IBS
RM-20S
RM40S
RM-75S
FtM-80S

lOmetan
1 B mQlarf
20 rrnjiflirs
40 metars
75 motors
SOfnetert

Prica
$t1.30
17.66
13.00
15,50
30.00
30.40

t«TV

For 6-10-15-20-40-75-80 Meter*

F«(S

MusTuen

MASTS

Am#1vur¥

JTAINLEB5 STEEL pJliU. MQUMT

raw DECK. fENdin on ^nit

HdOEi SSM-I
II

n«^3

MQOCL fV-t

PEID LtNE

n«l ir«ivn DTiiTi'i^i^rtrt mAiimum

,n [tin tfiL SMC :9ia l*Fiil-n itf H-S »U

(■•I* Imppiiw ^m EMHiKWn at

WKFDCL&B

nrt\ mounl irif h«id<M*ft.
Ptiit. t8i<3II

vVtlCKl vfW

^11 4k*-?« Ihrmm fD fit fH»\w Mil

Fv bMmpar nHunbng— fol^ i» p| mpl'

liint 27* ibov* b*u ^let t23 QO
UODCL HO I

Fur 4tit^ m firtdtt womHina foW «>

« IH( Mm IS' ^nv tew Pnc« t2ZI»

Comn 10 IS 20 40 t««U«m

iu»

4t A*

t^tr^|v^^\ lOO M|*^ utiMcit u^ veru
c«l (Nict* up 19 JH' CJO SOfS?
e«Ai tiir,nBCt*+ p^,^, iffT.9S

lpO-1

UDDIL 4>|TV

■ u«*ii iWR-^gS

^ Bindwr^ih IT ill bnudtir^ KWR
],ft tD 1 !?r t*tlw «l bind *di|ttiL

■ HmitaP •vcliil.iv« ubp r04^
-^Sfv iti" «i}rudid to othCifiH' in-

■d^uttminr vrFPioiii (fiiTii|t IQ INi
i-lummum lubinf.
CuittFiliMd tt\ bt bnl#il H%Mmti\f
al fDv rnulli'bmd wflleii

4rtt*nA* Kta %~-H wM 4t Itw i?

war

Hirii^tn^ luted

MODEL 4-tTV

pn ssa W CW

'■^1^ A'

ipftfuul litfAllL Dt ^mt Nininl piTh
nduJt

iMlffit 11? ibi

Tufts Radio Electrotiics « 209 Mystic Avefiue • Medford MA 02155 # (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

SuperAmp

from Den/zon.

Match everything front 160 to to
with the new l6o-lO MAT

HEV\i: Tht Monitor Tuner wai d^ih^n^d bt-
caUH af <ivBtwhe\ tTMnq demwTKj, HaiTtS told
tn ijwy wmlBd ■ 3 kileMntt tun«r willi •
bu»lt m wmunvar, a front pantl Miivifi«
^iKtof tot eosx^ baianud Ufw vid jw^anv
•mkn^ SoMBngnHHwItht l&O-IOntMonttor
TuiHi. Il't A lifittfTw tffralfflAfti 41 S2S9.50.

$299.50

II riit Miipli^cr you'tt ittnl^irq o^ bisytni Etoctn't el«iii«r m iHtt lOOP to IJOO vnatu txilpu^

Ouf Now Syfxr Anifi a iwiaei^na thm eountry becAdt hjfm rii«B rvalind mm t^ DsfiTron
Afino<Fifp» wih lAtliwif ID tha BittrMii; tsyiput pQWfl, wlwit oiJ>ier matHjficnjrftri rvtr js ^fiput
poHvr.

Thi Super Amp furrt • (uTI 2000 i*arti P.E-P- Inpgl on SSB, wrd 1000 woft? OC on CW, WTTY
Of $S TV 1^-10 itiatflri, the maximum ■■qbI pawar.

Ttiu SupsF Amp ei <H:hmpi9c^ low pr&ni«, ha& n solid one ptvcg cabinet BiiLirtng mtxtnnum TVI
ihtildinfi,

Hh tHBit o1 our amjiAiUm^ i$tt ponvr luppty, is ■ «»Yt]|niJaui dtrty. itif tiontiifMd wpply tuJIt

W« mownivd tti« 4'S72B^i. imJufetrlal' woilihDna vubma^ in m coaBaq dumhvr featuring tfi*
OrtHtenviid wiMsta coolmg mtean^

Tlw rHim ■! DwiTron pndii llieiiaaJi«s on quiMiy ifork, 4id nii fighi id t«p pncK doMm. ThM^t
H^f tfw (fyranic DhnTron Lin«ar Am|jikti«r bvats ihtfn ill

Me^t the
SuperTuner

$574^50

The 80-10 Shsrinateher

Hfff«'( an antonna lunvf Icir SO |hr<eHjQh ID nwtan, handln ^OD w ?.E.P. and mfctc^?^ yotif
62 Ohm mnHaHlw to a random 'i^ra anitetiT^.

~ Corrtinoiaui ttmnf 3^ ^ 30 mc

- "L" nefwofli

* C4nnnc T 2 poi4tiOfi rolliry nfrtch

' SD~^23d racaptional to tranunitfir

- ftindit^^ wire tui^r

* 3000 valt copKilor ifuicing
> Tappeci inductor

■ Cefamic ant«nnfl Ind thfu

« 7 ' W. 5" H. e'' D., Wa4#it; S tbi.

$59.50

tkeud forward,
and reflected

tvatts at the
same time

Jmtd at ctmstvnt fwixdhia^ ant pMBanDf It 7

£ivy i0^Du» Kan hngmt he mull ritad both iurwm^ tnd rwtvrx waiti^t limutmjtoutfy

tof Ehal ptrtiKI mililii. So vt^flrad^ itnd^ di* [>anTrwi fiZ Ooal m fma Watimttar

$99.50

Tha DvnTron Supar TiuMir bins mArything from 1GO-10 m«t«nv Wlwdvir you hsvt
balanced line, coaji e«bt«, rsi^dom or k^ng wirg, i^ Super Tunar wiH matEh iha antenna
l^rtipadancff To y^uf trinimittfir. All DtnTron tunarfifrka yi^u rrt^^timuTu [itowtr tttfliimr
from your tranunltttsr fo v<tur antenna^ and iin't that wh*fa It raaly counti?

1 nvt MODEL

$129.50

3 KW MODEL

$2Z9.50

The SIry
Openers

SKVM ASTER

A fully ilav«lDp«d And teir'Hf 77 fool
^irthcil f^ttnuj oifan PrttiPK 1C, IS, 20,
and40n1ct<rbii<idi uklnn onl^ «ib cIivb^v
•ppihfd wivfl trip A lull 1/4 wiv« intinna
on 2D rTwtBrt. Conrtruet«l eH hkflvy ikkt^
Iw #lufninum wliti j f*CTbripi tunatH ami

tq6t iDf bnm'

TEIMTENNA

TKt intanna vour rHtfhbHi will tov*. Tt^a
II ni»w PanTren Trim-Tenni with 20 nwtir
I bum ii dfliiipniil lor ihr dJictl<mdn«ttni
imitiyr wrtH3 wvnti fwilitic pgrfe^nurVH
in ftn tuvtr Dnnwn ullv 4pii«*lln| bivm. Il'l
fat#f loatfatfl U^ Irwit Aprv't a 1 3 fcm
« MA dbvecor whii pi«Hi« itiHai
JM4L T fH« iMNJid m * If toai

AAV iMi 9^H* af

$$4.50

jUh 80 nt mamtiv tar np nMHimtnt qA
SKY MASTER.

$29.50

tut Tt^BrTiHia md A*i

4 & fr ri^ wwid 0«Pi Onr Dqpal*-

JTlL

SKVCLAW
A evndta

Pw ao. 80.

iKVCLAtt

ALL SAND DOUSLET

rmittton luutrt l4ui Iftlt HlfniupfHsrtlna
unJI ii wHilhirpfCHlf iPHd lurfill>ri ntc«iy
kn 100 mph wifidi.. Hifidlii fM li|^l

r hjTUt.

$79.50

Thii AJt bmd DiMlAri v invHtod Tvv«

HI W *«« t»

Of 130 |«M IM i*.

F^ alttHNlt^ It' Piiay In nun
H iiiiiMHrij- Ttklt nifHd Ooutolf t *t nnlv
f«d thi«kqh 1DID Fitt M aiKi Qhm PVC
DHtrtll tHlin^HJ trinimliiian L^rM. Thi
•Mambfir ii OQrikplitt. Add rop* io tN
•ndi irtd pijill up into poifttun. TLrn€
W!lti thi benTtCKn $upit T'yhat inti
fou'ri Ofii 10 ihroufh >40 fnri^tt winh
«H ■ntrnn*! Nam ^1 fet tht DvpTti^
All SLuud DoiAlaL

t1^ DuTron EX 1 V«nia(

$24.50

Tte EX 1 « 1M «^at HTtKd

$59.50

DRAKE TVI FILTERS High Pasa Filters fot TV SeU

provide Tnott; than 40 dB attenuation at 52 MH^ and lower.
Protect the TV set froio amateuf tran^rnitt^ra 6-160 metejB.

Drake TV-30O-HP

Model No. 160a

For 300 ohm twin lead

Price: $10^60

DRAKE TV-3S0a-Lrr

1000 watts max. below 30
MHz. Attenuation better than
SO dB above 41 MHs;. Helps
TV i-f interference^ as well as
TV fiont-end problems. Price:
$26,60 Model No. 1608

Drake TV-75-HP

Model No. 1610
For 75 ohm TV coaxial
cable; TV type
connectors installed
Prices $13*25

LOW PASS FILTERS FOR TRANSMITTERS

have four pi sections for sharp cut off below channel 2, and to
attenuate bansmitter harmonics falling in any TV channel and
fm band. 62 ohm. SO-239 connectors built in.

DRAKE TV^200-LP
200 watU to 52 MHz. Ideal
for six meters. For operation
below six meters* use

TV-3300-LP or TV-42-LP.

Model No* 1609 Price: $26.60

DRAKE TV-42-LF Model No. 1605

is a four section filter designed with 43.2 MHz cut-off and

extremely high attenuation in all TV ehanncLs for transmitters

operating at 30 MHz and lower. Rated 100 watts input. Price:

$14.60

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Efectronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • MedfonJ MA 02155 • (617) 395 8280

WORK ALL REPEATERS WITH OUR NEW SYNTHESIZER U

The Synthesizer II is a two meter frequency synthe*
sizer. Frequency is adjustable in 5 kHz steps from
140.00 MHz to 149.995 MHz with its digital readout
thumb wheel switching* Transmit offsets are digitally

frogrammed on a diode matrix, and can range from
0 kHz to 10 MHz, No additional components are

necessary!

Kit $169.95 Wired and tested$239.95

Abo available for 220 MHz!

RX2SCW7T
RXSCa Kii .

RXSOf WfT
HXi44r Kit

HXl44t w/r
KX2lq(. Kit.

RXZlOt W/T
KX4J2t Kii.

RX4^2i" W/T

TX50 . . . .
TXSOW/r. -

TX144B Kit
TX144B ^TT
TX220BKil.

PA2S0LH KU

PA25onrw/T

PA4010H Kit -

PA4010H W/T-
FAS0/2S Ki( .

FA50/2S W/T
PAI44/IS Kit,

PA 144/15 Kji
PA220/!S Kif .
PA4J2/lOKjt

PAI40/10W/T
PA140/30W/T

PSISC Kit

PSlSCW/T
PS2SC Kit .

PS2SCWn" ' '
l'S2SM Kit. - -
PS2SM W/T . ,

RPT50 Kii. . .

RPT50

RPT144 Kit - .

RKTllO Kit . .

RPT4J2 Kit . .

RPT144WYT .

RPT:20\V/T .

RPT4J2W/T .
OPLA50 ....

TRX50 Ki( . .

THXI44 Kit
TRX2aO Kit
TRX432 Kit

TROl ....
TRC-2

SYN n Kit . .

SYN Jl W/T ,
MO- 1 Kit. . *
TO' I Kit , . *

HT t44B Kit

mcAD. . , .

DCll . . . .

Rubber Duck

piiie 10.7 SiHr LTvitat niter 5 *t9.9S

\j.[in." jS jb'Wii— wiff^dt 4 iifsttid 104.95

3O-&0 MH/ rtvf w/2 piik lo "J

MHj^ I. rK»tJi1 tiller. . 5** <*S

sjime a* jNiVc-vviftfd & ii*s,ie!vi , - 104 "iS

14l>170 MHV rivr ^\ [2 ^mW

iO.7 MH^ cry^tai filler , , h - . (i**,Mf*

sumt us Ut5iive-wirt?d & leRieii - . I t^M$

l\0-74(} MH^ rirvr w/^ poltf

10*7 MH^ cTvMyl t'illeT ..... 6<*,**5

Siime itii {ihuvi- ■ wired Jt testijd , , I l"!,'!^

4J2 MH/ rcvr ^72 p«»t« 10,7

MHi vtyvial filler 7V^'*5

^■ne dl 4»bnvtf .wWd 4 Itf^ted . - 124.^5

InnsmJTtef etdfer* t w^tt, 6 mtr, J^.95

lame is ahovcwind 4 levied . - S9,^$

trafumiltcf eKciter— 1 wfttl-1 mtrs 19 A%

same at above— Mrired & tested^ * , 49,95
triDSTTiilur «ki,£iier- lwi(i-210

2 mir power aoit -ku [w in— 25w
out v^'ith jsnJid sijte switching,

castf, cmmvctnr!; ■ * , , 59.95

same as above— wired Jt ims ted . , ?4.'^S
2 mtf power amp— 1 Ow in -40w

oui-reUy iwitching 59.95

sam« AS above— wLrii<I 4 tested -, ■?4.95
6 mtf powtf amp. tw in, 25w ouK

(•ess caw, connectors Jk iwiicbiJig , 49.9 5

iidtf! as above, wired &. teiled. - ^9^95
2 mtr powCT amp— I^ in-ISw
aut-lc» cas«. ccmnectori And

swiicbinB . 19.95

^*me IS PA 144/1 5 Icil bui 25w , - 49.95

similar tu PA144/L5 for 220 MHz J9.95
power amp-iimiiar to PA144/15

except lOvv- and 432 MH? 49.95

lOw in '-140W out-2 mir limp ., 179.95

3thv in-l 40uf uut-3 mtr limp , , 159,95

1 5 am p > • 1 2 V o| t regulate d power su p-
plir u7^4Sc,w /fold-back current timii-
ing and overvottftge protection , . 79.95
^me a$ above -wired & tested . . 94.95
lSamp-1 2 voir regulated power sup-
ply w/C4^e.w/f aid- bach current limit-
ing and ovp ,,..,,.,,,... 129.95
tame as above -wired & te« ted . . 149. 9S
same ij PS25C with meters .... 149.95
Same as above -wired & I Listed . . 169.95

repeater-ft meter . ......... 465. "rJS

repeater- 6 meter^ wired &, tested 695^95

repe:}[ifr~2 mtr- ISw-complele

(less crystals ) ...... . . 46S.9S

repeater -2 20 MH^- 1 Sw-cocnplete

(less cryitali) 4frS.95

rcpettet^JOwatt— 433 MHi

[less cry &taU) , . . . _ St 5,9 5

repeater ' 1 5 watr-3 tnfr . ..... 695.95

fcpeiter-iS wttt-320 MH** , , . 695.95
repcjitcr-IOwatt-432 MH*. , . - 749.95
6 mtr citise spaced duplexer . . , . 57S.0Q

Complete 6 mtr bM tran$ce|vi?r kit^
20w out, IQ ciMiintil si^an with case
(kss mike and crystal's) , ..,.«. 249^V5
same as above^ but 2 mtr St 1 Sw oiit2l9.9S
same as above except for 220 MHz 219.95
same as above exi!epi 10 wan and

432MHI 854.9S

transceiver c«se only .,..,.., 19.95
transceiver case and acceiaories . . 39.95

2 mtr synlhesiicr, transm^itt offsets
prosramitiAble from 100 KHi-10MHi»
(Mars offsets with optionil
adapters) ,,...♦,♦,,,.,. 169.95
same afl above- wired Sl teiled . . 139.9 5
Mar^/cap afreet optional .«.».. 2.50
1& MHz optional tripler .*♦♦.. 2.50

2 mtr, 3w, 4 channels hancl held rec:eiver
with cryitaU for L46.52 iimpteHL - 129 95
bsner> paek* 12 VDC. Viamp. , , 29.95
battery charfei for above ..... SAS
2 mtr. with male RHCcortnetior . 1.95

RECEIVERS

TRANSMITTERS

POWER AMPLIFIERS

RXCK . . .

RF2B Kit . .
RF50 Kit . .
Rl: J44D Kit
Rr22an Kit.

RF4J2 Kit. .

if io.lh Kit

FM455 Kit- ^
AS3 Kit . . .

TX 3 JOB W/T
TX432» Kil-
TX4J2BW/T
TXI50 Kit- -
TX ISO W/T -

Blue! Line . .

Model

BLB J/JSO
BLC 1 0/70
BLC2/70
BLC 10/150
BLC JO/1 SO
BLD 2/60
BLD 10/60
BLD 10/120
BLl£ 10/40
BLE 2/40
BLE 30/HO
BLF I O/HO

accetsory filter fr>r »bove receiver kits
^1%'cs 70 J B j^d)avenl cbannel
re|rr(|ork S,SO

10 mtr Hi frrmt end 10,7 MHz out 12. SO
6 mtf Kl from ^nd |0.7 MH? out 12. 50
2 mir R} front tnd I 0,7 MHi out I 7.50
220 Mit7 Hi- ffont end tO.7 MHi

431 MHi RF front end 10,7 MHt

IjU I ■■^^.^■■■H rai Bfi fcid ^Pi-S'lJ

10.1 MHz ih module inctudt^ 1

pule crystal filter , . , . 27,50

45 S KHf n stage p\M% FM deteclor 17.50

audio and squelch board, ..... 15^00

same AS a bvve- wired & tested ■■ 49.95

iransmtlttfr cJiciter 432 MHf ■ 39.95

fame a^ Ab'jve -wired i tested ^9.95

300 milliwatt. 2 ftltf transmitiei i9.95

Kiime as above -wired & lifstfd .. 29.95

. RF powe:i Limp, wirt'd
CW-FM-SSH/AM

Power
Freiiuency Input

45' SSMHi 3W

140^1 6OMH1 lOW

140-1 6OMH7 2W

]40^160MH; I OW

I40'!60MHj 3 0W

120-2 JOMHi 2W

220-2 JOMH7 tow

120-2 3OMH1 low

420'470MHt lOW

4 2O-470MHZ 2W

4 20-4 70 MHi JOW

420-470 MHz 1 QW

& tested, emisslnn-

Pnwer
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tuned to frei^uency .

rack mount duplexer .......

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'ADDON

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• Automatic! Internal RF-sensor-
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Highest quality, American- made "brand '
transrstors are fully protected for VSWR.
short and overload ^ reverse polarity.
Highly effective heal sinking assures long

Manual, remote-position switching
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Models for 6.2, 1V4 meters, 70CM
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Two types: Class C for FM /C W,
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Negffgible insertion loss on receive.

American made by KLM.

Me, reliable performance. Black anodiaed
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hdve fteven, full l^rrgth (Ins on
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8uilt-in AC and 12 VDC po*or suppHes-

CW illlsr Slandard eqMJpmenl.-.nat an accessory.

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The Tempos ONE PLUS offers full 25 watt output or a
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The Tempo VHF/One Plus is a VHF/FM transceiver for
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• Full phase lock synthesized (PLL) • Automatic -repeater split
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• All sot id state • 800 selectable recetve frequencies with
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ATLAS 350-XL

ALL SOLID STATE
SSSTRAMSCEIVER

• 350 WATTS P.E.P. OR CW INPUT

• 10 THROUGH 160
METER COVERAGE

Illustrated vi/itn

optional AC supply.
Auxiliary VFO, and
Digital Dial.

Thje al! new Atlas 3 50* XL has all the exciting new featui-es you
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• 10-160 METERS

Full coverage of all six amateur bands in 500 kHz, segments. Primary
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• 350 WATTS

P.E.P. and CW input. Enough power to work the world barefoot!
IDEAL FOR DESKTOP OR MOBILE OPERATION
Measuring just 5 in, high x 12 in. wide x 12\^ in, deep, and weighing
only 13 pounds, the Atlas 350-XL offers more features, perfor-
mance and value than any other transceiver, regardless of size, on
the nmrket to day J

• 350-PS matching AC supply — $195.00

• DD-6XL plug-in digital dial readout $195.00

• 305 plug-in auxiliary VFO — $155.00

• 311 plug-In crystal oscxUator — $135.00

• DMK-XL Plug-in mobile mounting kit— $65*00

•

TEMPO ONE HF Transceiver. 80^1 OM. USB, CW & AM -- $399.00
AC/ONE Power supply for TEMPO ONE - $99.00

VF/ONE EKternal VFO for TEMPO ONE - $199.00

TEMPO SSB/orJE

SSB adapter for the Tempo VHF/One

■ Selectable upper or tower sideband, ' Plugs directly

VHF/One vvith no modification. ' Noise btanker built-in.

VXO for full frequency coverage. ' $225,00

into the
R IT and

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617* 395-8280

Tha MEtt MffJ

ImB^ COB* tiim Up ffr

With tin NEW MFJ Suptr Anteirna Tuner
you can run your lull iran&ceivei power
output — up to 200 watts RF power output
- ar>d match your Transmitter to anv
faedline Irom 1G0 thru 10 Metars whethtr
you have coax cab4fl^ balance fine, or
candDfTi wife

You cjii luni out ttit SWn «n v«ur
difH>ic, inveEte(J stet, t^ndom wire, vertical,
i^i^Lie whip. beam. quad, or wtiatever you
haw.

You cii tiM ipMili M h*adi with ^t
one existing antenna Ho need to put up
se$}drite anTenms Iv «Kh Innd.

hcfiiii' fht itAlt 'hMitfvMfc qI your
tnobiie whLp Dy Wimnq d^T ttw 5W!! nn
faiiit y«v ev. Wofks great with all solid

Quality live way tsmding posts are used fv
itM balance line infHiis {2), random wire

mput (1), anbgrounEl(1}.

mtfl rigs (like Ihe Atlas) and wllh all lube
type rlQs

n iriv»li well. tee. ft£ ultra compact size
5x2x6 inches fits easily tn a small corner
of yoijf suilcasa.

The sicrtt of thi) liny, powerful tuner is
a wMSe rartge 12 position variable mduciof
made frcm two stacked loroid cores and
higti quality capacitors manufactured
•speciaJ^ tot Hff i. for balance lines a 1 :4
(unbalanced to baianced) bahjn ts buih in.
tiade m USA by MFJ tnierpr^s

TMt teanUM ntte taim is housed m a
del, white Te^Tec e-nclosure

wttr^ ^d^ii^: y;ajn sid^S.

50-239 etsr cfltwectpn are prfrvided
lor transmitter mnui and coax led aiitennas.

This Digitaf Alarm Clock is also an ID Timer.
Assombled^ too!

/£ 40

THE HAM-KEY

NOW 5 MODELS

Deafer Programs
NOW A vailabte

tiotf I Snvtir tei oii aiw but to ii
vfttf C^. Tlip t9i^ tm tvtfut tunan

Tm cbi itai iM Mi riBH 1Q tr« tmd nmute to
ttsnf6 you ^ a SXEO or iMVtv to Pifca you t^ * ■*
ittumng ao^miAsiioiy t¥try ?l rieMi? ^no imd tq
reniffntef twtr noM to set tte item}

Nif tvit ,63 luck §^ pFd^ide jjrflciSA lima b
ItW rnifibiic Secorah dppo^ it ihe teixh {H the ID/do^t
buti^

frmin te BMbi ant l^t »tt butTijA) Fiatl and
MU in HCfliidi to nni lor pncisa stttng to WWV
wM 'dn tBi 9t llflKnS fJHtH

rii MpBik Mi w ni tS ntcjun tAM «i a t

Mf Hit i «« p^v pes ^ moRWitarir Fv 4q|ir
Vt*v 9m 4 Ftseis to 12LI» AP and Iht ah LEO

tMtol tot iW a^ Hmm -i vngk v« '^ul wft
tht list and iiom set autioH t««n «« KYi «ni fitf

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MEW

AMIDEL HK 5

■LECtHONICKEYfR

$69.95

lamlric circuit for squ-eeze keying.

Self completing dots «. da^hat ,

Dot memory

Battery qserated witti provlalCMti for

external power

Built-in side- lone monStor.

Sp»d, Volume^ tone & weight con Jfol a.

Gr^ block ar direct keying,

Use with exterfial paddle sucha^ HKO.

Model HK-1 S29.95

• CKwIlever 54ue«^« pedd^-

• U*«*i1h HK Sot any etectronicV ever.

• Heavy bau-witfimsn-slipruMttr feel.
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Model HK-2 519.95

9 Same » HK-t , im base
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• Velvet iftiooth action.

Model HK-4 $44.95

■ CofnbinationonHK-l &
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400% MORE RF POWER
PLUGS BETWEEN YOUR MICROPHONE AND TRANSMITTER

ISPSaOBSL X dD OffmniK rengt IC log imp and 3
and Qtilput i-3i ie m 3-1 ;4 « 4 " "

LSP-UOBX i Same «s LSP^SSfiex Out ui a
bcaui-iy 2-1^8 « 3-i'e ■ V*'ie lfie*» Ten-Tec
iflcjioiuiv ffiin unoomfmima a pwn Mic p^.
eyMHil ciote. nsivv luacuiia t«»t<cfi

SUPER LOGARITHMIC
SPEECH PROCESSOR

Up to 400% More RF Power is yours with this plug-in
unit. Simply plug the MFJ Super Logarithmic Speech
Processor between your microphone and transmitter and
your voice is suddenly transformed from a whisper to a
Dynamic Output

Your signal is full of punch with power to slice through
QRM and you go from barely readable to "solid copy OM/'

CWF-2BX Super CW FlUOf

By 1,1 r ih«- IsBdvr Ovtr SOW In u&9 Hizof tKirp
■•^activity. SO H< tifndwldth^ txitmnntf miw*p
^kld& No ringltiQ. PIu^b bi1wi&«^n focelvir ■net
p^onas at cwntct twtWMn ^ikI|o slugv For
speaker QpiirallQn.

« Selectable &W. 00, I ID. 1 BO Hz » fiO dB down
on* octaiie Irom coftlflf IfiKi ol 750 Hz tor fid Hz

* 3-3^6 K :^Ha T 4 in

CMOS'fiO^^ Electronic Keyer

Sill* d1 th« an dsfiQn utai CUHJiS-^M3
K«v*p-on^a-cNp.

» Buill-in K^ • Dot momt^ry • iambic opera-
ilnn uvkih external squeoie Key ■ B lo 50
'/^PM * SiCteione and tpstkiir • Speed, vdh
urn*, lOT^e, wejghi conirols, • Uitm reinabit soitd
fliaift Iteyir^ +300 wOM* n*i)i • 4 positlofi
IWllCft lO' TUNE, Off QH. SIOCTOWE OFF
■ Uttt 4 EfefiJ>9li| Ctitl» • 3'3ne ■ >1,'4 1 A

ffKIMS

NEW

MFi^'keoiO Antenna Tuner

Now you t^n ftp«fa|t all bana — l&O Ihini 10
Mtivfs — wlilh » iLngb randam wIf« find run your
tkjir trantcolvrr powvr output — up 1o 200 wHlli
HF pctwlr OyTPUT:

• Small enou^jM lo c»rrv m ^cigr hip pockel,
l-^nB- M 3^U4 3( 4 Irishes » MaEcrifta tow ftjtd
high imptttftfiCSft by mterchancjmg inpul ind
Dutpu.i • 30^239 coa.R:ial canr^cEdrA * Unique
Midha rsno*. tiigli' ptrlormai^ce. U post I ion tapped
indMCtof Uma Iwd Bracked ta4:ei(i caf»*

2995 [^»27'^^^H9

seF'^ex sse Fut»r

MFJ'ZOOBX Frequency Sf^ndard

MFJ-lOloax RiK:el¥eF f^reulecior

4 Optrniifeii irf^ur iif^io to reduce udeband
splutter . ivrxfn low IM rngh piicNsd O^M tuiift
iWic crufiM bW^gfPwfta ihmu, 9) and MH Hi
hum * I^MuC44 iAii!|ii« HJuMng contesi. Ok: tJid

raflcttwumg * Pluo* Mt**wi dTicmt^s and ffr

□ pafatiorr « Stiacitbla barid«idih IC acili^B
audio finer • UMI 9 ¥QJl ballery » 2-3n'S x
S-T/A K 4 InchM

IS KNl w*t1: inte VH^ itflOA.

too. SO. cr

mirtffl • UArti^fB we gilad I0' positive td«^t»-
flHtiiDii CMOS ICs «tfi1t^ tteiriaiii4&4 oui^ul • No
dirocf coriiecttoi^ n«£fl«t«ry • Uiei 9 volt
baitefy a Aa|4j5laJ93e inmmvr lor Mio b«9}ing la

WWV ■ S^iich 3$l0c[| 100. 50, 315 KHz or OFF
• Z-3ne X 3^114 K 4 InChiat

Ci«aflT copy

* HM4 mwi 20 dS IQ* nciie iiain • SapvBti
ifipgt ifw) pvtput lumng controls gj«9 miksLfmuiTi
gain »na RF ii«ectivitv to 9i0'^'1'>!^ntly r«tQet
out^f-tMnd tig nil i «nij Fsduce image mponHf
» Duaa gal» MQ5 FET tor ia« noiMi, ilrong signal
handiino ablliiia-i. ■ CompiQieiv vttbi* • Op-
tJimzAd lui IQ tnru 3a MHz • 3 V tultofy

• i'\m a a-&^fl I 5-9ns inches

CP0-5SS Cod« Osclllatdr

F{ir the Ncwcomar 1:& lanm the Morea 0o4a

For Ihe OEd titriar to polith hii Plil,

For Iha Codi InttructCil- 10 iBAch hie dosfia*.

* S^nd crlap ciiaar cigdi^ wiih plenty of volums 1(3^
classraom use * S*0 conlainad spftaK^^, vol-
uftie. ton? conlh^li, Blummum cabinei • 9 V
battery • Tcs^quaiiEvUS conitruclion « Usfiii
&55 IC Timer • 2-3n6 i 3'lJ4 ji 4 inch«a

NIFJ-40T ORP T ran f matter

WO(t (tk» motki «ltli « ■«!» on 40 Maiaf CW

• Mo |yni}>o • U«|{:h«>s iQ o'lrn load « Qaan
Dulpul Wllh low hvrt^^iii^ CdnrenT 4 Pa««r
>mpfifi«f trafi«4siDt ptn^m*^ Agamsl ^i^ttoul
■ Switcm fiei^^4 3 cryilali dr VFQ inpul « If

vex; * 2-an6 m 3-1 m k 4 ^ncfiaa

MFj-4av. CompiriiOfiVFO tZ?.flS

MFJ-t20C, IC RodulAEAd Pow&f SuUptf

1 amp. la VDC Si?F 9Si

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Medford MA 02155 • (617) 395-8280

Tufts Radio Electronics • 209 Mystic Avenue • Wedford MA 02155 • (617> 395-8280

TUFTS SELECTED TITLES OF
POPULAR SAMS PUBLICATIONS

SECOND-CLASS RADIOTELEPHONE LICENSE HANDBOOK
(5th Edition)

by Edward M. Noii. Provides afl the study materiaf needed to pass the FCC second-
class radiotelephone license examination (Elements I, H. and Ih} All material is based
on the FCC Study Guide and fieference Materiai for Commercmi Operator Examma-

tioa. Two tests aw included to simulate Ihe aclual ejta mi nation. 448 pages; SVj x. 3W,
softbound,

No- 21111 $7.95

THIRD-CLASS R ADJOTELEPHONE LICENSE HANDBOOK (4th
Edition)

by Edward M. NoU Serves as a practical study guide for the aspiring fSdio operator as
well as a ready reference for those working in the Iteld. Designed as a study ard for
obrain^ng licenses up to and including the Radiotelephone Third-Ciass Operator Permit
wi!h Broadcast Endorsement, this newesl edition contains questions and answers

simdaf to tiiose given on the actual examination. 206 pages; Svi x S"!^-^; sottbound
No. 2t3S3 $£.gs

CMOS COOKBOOK

by Don Lancaster. Teits all you need to know to understand and profilabty use this
InsKpensfve and genuinely fun to work with digital logic family.. First an explanation of
what CMOS is, how it works, and how to power it, plus usage rules, state testing ^
bread boarding, interface, and other basics is given. Then a minicatalog of over 100
devices, including pin out 8 and use descriptions is given, Subjects covered include gate
fundamenlals. tri-state logic, redundant logic design techniques, multivibrators, non-
volaTile merr^ory techniques, clocked JK and D titp-flops, counter and register tech-
niques, op amps, analog switches, phase- locked loops and much more. A must for the
student, hobbyist, teachers, technician, or engineer who wants to learn about CMOS.
FJlJed with practical applications. 416 pages; bVz x 8W; softbound.
No. Zl3Ba $9,9S

IC OP-AMP COOKBOOK

by Waiter G Jung. The first book of its kind to be published. Covers not only the basic
theory of the IC op amp in greal detail, but also Includes over 350 practical circuit
applications, liberally illustrated. Organized into three basic parts: introduction to the IC
op amp and general considerations, practicai circuit appEicatiofts. and appendixes of
manuf-acrurers' reference material. 592 pages; SVa x 8Vj; softbound.

Ho. 20969 $12,95

IC TIMER COOKBOOK

by WstterJung. Provides an excellent inlfoduction to the field of IC timers by presenting
a collection of various circuit 'recipes" useful In applying the devices Arranged in three
parts, the Hrsi part gives basic and generalized information Part II, the applications
section, Is ttie "meat" of Ihe book and Includes over 100 different circuits for a wide
range of uses. Part III contains reproductions of manufacturers data sheets, second-
source manufacturers, and more. This book is a valuable reference for Ihe liobbyist, the
technical or engineering student, or professional. 29S pages; SV? x. SVz; softbound.
No. 21416 $9,95

TTL COOKBOOK

by Don&fd Lancaster. A compiele and detailed guide to Iran sister- transistor logic
(TTL). Explains what TTL is. how it works, and how to use it. Discusses practical
applications, such as a digital counter and display system, events counter, electronic
stopwatch, digital voltmeter, and a digital tachometer, 336 pages; SVii x BVa ; soft bound.
No. 21035 $a.95

HOW TO BUY & USE MINICOMPUTERS & MICROCOMPUTERS

t?y Witliam Bardsn, Jf, Discusses these smaller computers and shows how they can be
used in a varfety of practical and recreationa! tasks in the home or business-. Explains
the bastes of minicomputers and microcomputers. Iheir hardware and software,
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MICROCOMPUTER PRIMER

by MitcheU Waiteand Mfchaei Pardee Introduces the beginner to the basic principles
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No. 21404 *7.9S

THE 8080A BUGBOOK: MICROCOMPUTER INTERFACING
AND PROGRAMMING

by Peter H. Rony, Dsvfd G. Larson, and Jonathan A Titus, The principles, concepts,
and applications of an e-bit microcomputer based on the 8OB0 microprocessor IC chip
The emphasis is on the computer as a controiler. Covers the four fundamental tasks of
computer interfacing; (i) generation of strobe and device select pulses; {2} latching of
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RADIO HANDBOOK {20th Edftfon)

by Wtfiiam I Orr, WSSAt. A completely updated 20th edition of the famous communica-
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advanced amateurs. Explains In authoritative detail how to design and bulEd all types of
radlocommunications equipment. Contains greatly enlarged section on semiconductor
and iC circuit design. Includes ssb design and equipment; rtty circuits: linear amplitierB,
both solid-state and lube types: vhf and uhf transmitters and converters; as weM as
special-purpose and logic circuitry, plus compietely revised chapter on electronics
mathematics. 1080 pages; SV^ x 9Vj; haj-dbound.
Na 24032 SI 9,50

HAM AND CB ANTENNA DIMENSION CHARTS

by Edward M. NotL W3FQJ, Tabulates dimen sion information in feet and inches for all
the popular antenna configurations. Gives data for dipoie antennas, quarter-wave
verticais, two-element beams. CFuads, triangles, inverted dipoles, and inverted vees.
Includes information for cutting transmission lines to a preferred wavelenglh, dimen-
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No. 24023 S2,75

COMMERCIAL RADIOTELEPHONE LICENSE QUESTION &
ANSWER STUDY GUIDE (3rd Editton)

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No. 24033 SB. 50

RADIO TRANSMITTER PRINCIPLES AND PROJECTS

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73 VERTICAL, BEAM, AND TRIANGLE ANTENNAS

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Np, 24021 S5.50

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(4th Edition)

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the latest gear
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176

W17

It sounds almost biasphe*
mous to talk about mod-
ifying a beautiful, synthesized
rig, doesn't It? Well, ilcan be
done, and it can be done by
anyone who knows how to
solder two pieces of wire.
That's the whole modifica-
tion, f can add two pieces of
wire to the KDK and double
its versatility.

Why To

The KDK^ as it was de-
signed, covers 144 to 148-995
MHz, and the receiver sensi-
tivity leaves nothing to be
desired, with the front end
being tuned along with the
synthesizer. The frequency
coverage is so close to the
public service band that it
would be nice to have such a
sensitive receiver, with a nice
sharp i-f and precise fre-
quency readout^ to see how
the other half lives. No
sooner said than attempted.

How To

1- Take the cover off the rig
(the two nuts on the back),

2. Lay it upside down with
the front panel facing you,

3. Move the red wire on the
on-off switch over to the ter-
minal that already has the
two white wires with violet
tracers.

4. Solder a 1/2 -inch piece of
bare wire to the rear terminal
pf the other side of this same
switch (the three terminals
closest to you),

5- Find the top terminals of
Ihe aircraft-type frequency
selector switch that have a
jumper going from the front
wafer to the rear wafer.

6. Solder a 6-inch piece of
wire to this point (the rear
wafer makes a neater job).

7. Solder the other end of
this wire to the center ter-
minal of the top bank of the
on-off switch (see Fig. 1).

8. Find the frequency selec-
tor terminals on the shielded
enclosure directly behind the
front panel controls. The ter-
minal you want is the one to
the far right as you look at
the rig. It has 2 white-with-
red tracer wires connected to
It

M Klein W2PMX
206 Harrison Avenue
Miiler Place NY 11764

High-Band
Your

-- monitor the other half!

9. Solder the wire from step 4
to this terminal {the one in
step 8), Be very careful that
some strands of the wires do
not short to ground, 1 have
done this many times, and
this is not conducive to re-
ceiving.

How To Use It

With the on-off switch
turned on^ the rig works the
same as it always did (if
not, see step 9), With the
switch off, the rig will stay
on. It's very easy to add an
external power switch, and I
didn't want to drill any holes
in the rig. However^ you will
see some very strange-looking
megacycles on the readout.
This is because you are
feeding values in excess of 9
to the seven-segment decoder.
It doesn't hurt anything, just
makes it hard to read. If you
add 8 to the frequency shown
on the MHz switch^ you will
have the frequency that the
rig is really receiving. The
KDK now tunes 152 to 155
MHz. With the switch on 148
MHz, the modification
doesn't do anything, and the
rig still receives (and trans-
mits) 148 MHz. It is possible,
with additional switching, to

extend the range from 140 to
155 MHz, inclusive^ but what
do you want for 24 and five
minutes?

Possible Problem (Only One)

You may find that, when
the rig is switched to 152 to
155 MHz, the unlock indica-
tor does not go out (some do,
some don't). This is due to
the fact that the vco is just
out of range. Adjust the vco
tuning capacitor yery sfightly
and very slowly^ and you will
find a point very near where
it was that causes the unlock
light to go out. If you are
receiving a signal^ again tune
the vco capacitor for maxi-
mum S-meter reading on the
signal.

The receiver, when prop-
erly tuned up, shows 2 uV

sensitivity for 20 dB quieting
on 2 meters and about .3 uV
on high band. Not bad!

Theory

The terminals on the front
of the shielded enclosure
determine the division ratio
of three 74192s. If the first
one (the one on the right,
looking at the rig from the
bottom) divides by 4, we are
on 144 MHz. If it divides by
8, we are on 148 MH^, (Aha!
ft determines the third digit
in the megahertz number.)
We simply placed +5 volts on
the 8 terminal, so we added 8
to that number. On 148 MHz,
there is already +5 volts on
that terminal, so , « .

Enough theory, already.
Try it; you'll have fun! ■

4DD THESE

CONCENTfilC FRCOaOiCV
SELE^TlOR SWITCH

flEMOVC FROM HERE

coMhccT TO mm

Fig. J. How simple it is.

177

J. George Taylorson^ Jr. WA6LJL
2924 Ciarmeya Lane
Pasadena CA 9J107

The Rescue

-- real-life drama

The temperature was
about 82*^^ a perfect day
for exploring the back
country of Fish Creek. Now^
if you Ye not famjhar with the
whereabouts of Fish Creek^
it's about 50 miles east of
Jackson Hole, Wyoming,
about one mile from the Con-
tinental Divide.

On this beautiful August
21, 1976, two young girls and
a male friend decided to
take the horses out for a ride
in the back country. Nancy,
17, Patty, 19, and John, 17,
saddled up the horses that
they had been assigned to and
started out on what was sup*
posed to be a beautiful after-
noon ride.

When you run a ranch,
there is always much to do,
so I set out with my two
cowboys to do some of the
chores that had been waiting
to be done for some time.
Now I think I should mention
that the ranch is one and a
half hours by four-wheel
drive from the nearest tele-

phone. A person could set
out from the ranch in any
direction and never see an-
other living person for 30
miles. The only electricity is a
small, four-cylinder engine
generator. Many have said it
is one of few ranches left that
reflect the way the old west
was in the early 1900s.

About 4:30 pm, while I
was working in the pasture, I
looked down the path to the
east and saw a rider heading
for the ranch at a full run.
One of the rules of the ranch
is to never run your horse, so
I immediately knew that
there was trouble.

In a few minutes, Patty
rode up to where I was
working. In a state of shock,
she started screaming that
Nancy was seriously hurt.
After quieting Patty down, I
got a description of where
Nancy was and jumped into
the four-wheel drive truck
with Mike J another guest at
the ranch. We headed for the
canyon where Nancy and

John were. The road was no
more than a cow path, so the
traveling was slow and
bumpy. Once at the canyon,
called Deer Creek, Mike and I
started a one-mile hike
looking for the injured girl
and John. After about twenty
minutes of rough hiking, we
came upon them in a little
clearing.

Nancys was tying on the
grass in a state of shock, with
blood flowing from her
mouth. There was a lump on
her head where she had hit
the ground, and her left el-
bow was completely dis-
torted. It was decided that
Nancy could not be moved.

Grabbing one of the
horses, I headed down the
canyon as fast as the horse
could go to where the truck
was parked. 1 headed back to
the ranch, where I hoped and
prayed that the oid generator
would start. Once at the
ranch, I was able to get the
generator going, and 1 headed

for my new Atlas 210, which
I had just purchased a month
earlier. The antenna was a 20
meter dipoje on the roof
oriented in a northwest and
southeast direction. I wasted
no time in finding a clear
frequency and started calling
** Mayday, may day, may day;
WA6LJL/7 near Jackson,
Wyoming, calling may day.
Someone come in, please."

I called several times and
got no response. I didn't
know what to do, as a girl
was tying seriously injured,
and this was the only means
of help or communication
with the outside world. I kept
calling^ and, then, like music
to the ears, I heard
^^WA6LJL/7 this is K5TZK
Bob in Houston, Texas. Do
you copy?" Thank God
someone heard me! It didn't
take long for me to tell Bob
the problem. Shortly after 1
made contact, Ernie W7JRW
in Las Vegas and Jim
WB5NRX were involved
keeping the surrounding fre-
quencies clear, so 1 could
communicate with Bob
K5TZK.

Bob immediately got the
long-distance operator and
explained the situation to
her. She then connected the
sheriff^s department in Jack-
son, Wyoming, and the U.S.
Forest Service Department
with Bob in Houston* After
about 15 minutes of my
giving directions to Bob, the
sheriff's department dis-
patched a helicopter and a
registered nurse to our loca-
tion. We were instructed to
start some smoke fires so we
could be spotted* For 30
minutes more I gave direc-
tions to Bob to relay to the
sheriff's department, which in
turn relayed them to the
chopper.

As the drama continued,
there was not a bit of QRM
on the frequency, thanks to
Jim, Ernie, and, I am sure,
others, who helped keep the
frequency clear.

It seemed like hours be-
fore I heard the low hum of
the helicopter as it started to
come into view over the

178

mountains. Seeing our signal
fires, ii wasted no time get-
ting to us and making a
landing, I told the hams on
the frequency that it was
here, and, all of a sudden,
there was a chorus of
"Hoorays," making the
prettiest QRM that I had ever
heard I signed quickly and
headed for the chopper. I
boarded, and we took off to
the location of the injured
girl.

About five minutes later,
we spotted the trio and made

an unbelievable landing witlv
in 30' of where Nancy lay. By
this time, she was urh
conscious. The nurse said she
looked bad, so we wasted no
time getting her on a
stretcher and airborne. We all
gave a sigh of relief as the
helicopter headed for the
hospital.

The next day I drove into
town to the hospital to find
out how Nancy wa^, I found
her doctor and asked him
how she was doing, "Doing
well/' be replied, **but if she

had gotten here 2 hours later,
we would have had to ampu-
tate her left arm, as the cir-
culation had been cut off and
the tissue was dying," Had we
tried to Lake Nancy out by
truck, it would have taken us
4 hours to get her to the
hospital.

TodaYimany months later,
Nancy is a beautiful young
girl living in Palos Verdes^
owing her life and healthiness
to the many hams who
helped. Without this help, she
might not be alive today.

So ]et everyone know that
there is no greater service
fraternity anywhere in the

world today than the hams,
who would rather be of
service to their fellow man
than anything else.

Oh yes, I'll be back there
a^in, and, ag^in, I'll have my
trusty little Atlas 210 with
me! So^ if you hear **WA6
Lovely Japanese Ladies por-
table 7/' give a call and l>e
sure to say hello, as you're
the only commmunication we
have with society, ■

Most two meter mobile
antennas manufac-
tured today are easily
mistaken for Citizens Band
antennas, especially by CBers
and, more importantly, a
faction which, of late, has
greatly proliferated - the CB
rip-off artists.

Many articles have
appeared concerning the use
of bursar alarms and other
devices to protect your rift
but few solutions have been
offered concerning the most
vulnerable part of your
mobile system — the antennau

The solutions seem to boil
down to two things:

1 . Take your antenna off
when not using it, which is a
hassle, even if you use a
magnetic mount.

2, Let them take the antenna.

The second solution can
be a viable one, providing the
antenna is cheap, easily re-
pEacedp and doesn't look so
great^ so not many people
bother to steal it anyway.

The antenna described
here will adapt readily to the
popular Antenna Specialists
5/8 wave roof or trunk
mounts, as well as many CB
mounts. If you don't have
one of these, the roof or
trunk mount, less antenna,
can be purchased at your
local Radio Shack (roof
mount — part no, 21-914;
trunk mount — part no.
21-913).

The antenna itself is easy
to construct. The only
materials required are a
PL-259 coax connector and a
20-inch piece of welding rod.

T<mi N. Todd WA5TSJ

J300S.W, 62

Oklahoma City OK 75159

Welding Rod
Special Antenna

for seamless contacts

coat hanger, large copper
weld wire, or what have you,
and some silicone rubber
sealant. Use a hacksaw or a
large pair of diagonal pliers to
cut about half of the pin off
of the PL -259- Take the
2frinch piece of rod, clean
the end, and solder it to the
center conductor of the
PL-259, trying to get a
smooth, round bead of solder
on the tip of the PL-259 to
make good connection with
the mount. Fill in the back of
the plug with the silicone
sealer, in order to keep
moisture out.

The PL-259 sleeve is
brought down over the rod
and screwed over the con-
nector in the usual fashion.
The entire assembly may now
be screwed down securely on
the antenna mount, A 20"
piece of rod is used, to allow

for about 19" measured from
the back end of the con-
nector to the end of the rod,
which is a good ball park
figure for two meters. An swr
brid^ may be used to prune
the antenna, by careful
snipping with wire cutters,
but Tve never even measured
my swr and haven*t had any

problems-

The antenna has been used
on my car for about 8
months and works quite welL
No one has yet bothered to
steal It, but, if they do, I
haven't lost much. I still keep
my 5/8 wave in the trunk in
case I go out of town and
want that "extra 3dB." ■

TIP CF fL-2 59 CUT OFF

RDD SOLDERED TD TIP

BI^CK OF CONNECTOn FILLED
WTTH SILICOI^E S£ALAl4t

Fig. J:

179

RTTY Can Be Easy!

Have You Wondered . . .
What Owning a RTTY Station Would be Like?

Have You Thought . . .
About Finding Out but Didn't Know Who to Ask?

ASK THE GUYS AT HAL!

Our sales and service staff will be happy to assist you
in your choice nf RTTY equipment, answer questions
aboLif RTTY. and provide assistance if problems do
arise, tn addition, all HAL amateur RTTY equipment
manuals can be purchased tor S 10.00 each for an
advance look (applicabte lo future purchase of that
unir).

Answers to common RTTY questions are featured
in the center fold of our new amateur radio catalog.
Such questions as '* What do 1 need?'* "How do I hook
it up?", and '*What frequencies do I use?*' are dis-
cussed. Technical points concerning RTTY pulses,
FSK and AFSK, and high tones vs lowtones are
covered.

Write roday for HAL*S new catalog and RTTY guide and discover how much fun RTTY can be.

HAL COMMUNICATIONS CORP.

Box 365

Urbana, Illinois 61801

217-367-7373 ^^g

For our European customers
see HAL equipment at:

Richipr & Cp . HanrKH/^
|.£C {ntefclco; BissofK
Pnm(*tdt Systems; Handen, Sw^ftirn
HadKi Shflck iii Landrin

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CAMERA
FEATURES:

Use 01 camera with your home TV set

Has both long distance and close-up features

Adjustable frame size

Built-in slo-scan bar gen for transmit

Focus on a postage stamp

ACCESSORIES:

PI Pofaroid adapter for hard copy photos S34,50

VI viewing hood $14,50

T1 tripod S29,50

Christmas offer

*This offer good from November 7, t977 to January 15, 1978.

SS2KKIT^395r$195

SS2 WIRED;$28C $245

CI FAST/SLO SCAN

CAMERA $395

AVAILABLE NOW: ORDER FACTORY DIRECT OR FROM OUR DISTRIBUTORS. See Below.

Germantown Amateur Supply

A and W Electronics

GoldsteJn^s

Mr. Keith Roberts

3202 Summer Avenue

Medford, Mass,

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P.O. Box 677

Memphis, TN 38112

Bedford, N.S.

Barry Electronics

Harrison Electronics

Canada BON IBO

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New York,N.Y,

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Milwaukee, Wise,

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Cleveland, Ohio

CFP Enterprises

Henrv Radio

1524 Oak Harbor Rd.

Orlando, Fla.

Lansing, N,Y,

Los Angeles, Calif.

Freemonf , Ohio 43420

At gon Electronics
Miami Springs^ Fla,

Electronic Distributors
Muskegon, Michigan

Hobby Industry
Council Bluffs, Iowa

Venus Scientific Inc.

399 SMITH STREET
FAR MING DALE, N^Y. 11735
PHONE 516-293 410€
TWX 510 224 5492

The company that put high voltage on the moon, now brings you expanding amateur radio technology.

181

Alien J. Fehl VJA9GUK
PO Box 701
BrookvilJe IN 47012

specified frequency, What*s
the value of L?

Tanks

Lot!

-- inductor calculation program

If you don't own a
programmable pocket
calculator, chances are you
will before too long. A
100-step programmable calcu*

iator is already on the market
for less than a scientific-type
pocket calculator cost two
years ago. They*re ju&t too
nice a toy to be overlooked

by hams for long*

Now suppose you pull a
variable capacitor out of the
junk box and you want it to
resonate with an inductor at a

Location

Koy

RCL

STO

Subr

STO

X>t

RCL

CLR

RCL

NOP

RCL

Inv

SUM

RCL

1/X

Subr

^STO

Subr

:=:

SIU

Inv

(

K>t

RCL

R/S

CLR

R/S

RCL

RST

SUM

)

Subr

Rtn

LuH =

1012

4ir2 (CpF) (f2 itHz)

Not too bad. But now how
do you wind the inductor to
get this value of inductance?
Well,

turns =

U9a + 10b)

Fig. h

where a is the inductor radios
and b is the inductor lengih.
Now this gets a little messy*

Squaring, dividing, and taking
square roots is not a whole
lot of fun* But there is
another problem. Assuming
we settle upon a value for the
inductor radius, we still have
to contend with the proper
value for the length. How do
we find b? Well, we know
that turns per inch (tpi) times
length equals turns. So if we
vary the length b, carry out
the above calculation to get
turns, then multiply that
same length by tpr and com-
pare the result with turns,
we can see how close we are.
We want the difference
between the two to be zero-
So we change b just a bit and
do the whole thing again and
again until the difference is
zero or very near zero. But
that*s a lot of work! You bet,
but it's not for a computer.

The program shown here
carries out the above
procedure starting b at ,05
and incrementing it by ,05
units after each calculation
and comparison until the
difference between tpi times
length and turns changes sign,
that is, crosses zero. Then it
decrements b by -001 units
and continues in the same
fashion until the sign changes
again, whereupon it stops and
displays the number of turns.
Hie result is, for all practical
purposes, excellent. One must
initiate ihe program by
putting the various param-
eters in the memory registers,
all ten of which are used with
my SR-56,

As an added feature, 1

thought it would be
interesting to know how
many times the subroutine

1S2

was called upon to carry out
the searching calculation. In
one problem that I devfsed,
over 700 passes were under-
taken. This bit of information
is stored in register zero.

So how do you run it?
Select your variable capacitor
and, for example^ its center
position capacitance. Store
this value in pF in file 2,
Store the frequency in
kilohertz in file 1, the
number of turns/inch or less,
from the close wound value in
the wire tables, in file 3, and

the radius you've selected in
file 4. You can't have more
turns/inch than the close-
wound value. Square the
radius and store in file 7.
Finally square pi and
multiply by 4 and store in file
9, Now youVe ready. Punch
R/S. The calculator wilt
display the inductance in
microhenrys needed to
resonate with pF at the
specified frequency in an
instant. Punch R/S again, and
the calculator will continue
computing until it stops and

displays the number of turns
you need to wind at your
selected tpi and radius. Any
of the memory registers can
now be recalled. The
computed length can be
recalled from file 6. This
length times tpi should be
very close to the computed
turns. Punch reset, and the
program is ready to begin
again.

Ah, you say, I can get the
same stuff from the ARRL
Lightning Calculator, True,
but you can't get any infor-

Memory Rdgisters

Subr Calls

kHz

tpi

radius

length

(radius) 2

turns

4 Pi2

Fig. 2

mation on an inductor 3 feet
or 0 J inch in diameter, and it
doesn't have all those flashing
lights. ■

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Ctegg u>on'f sell you a radio
in a factory sealed carton!

When you purchase your YAESU. WILSON, KLM, DENTRON. HY-GAIN,
ATLAS or other selected product from Clegg. please don't expect to
receive it in a factory sealed carton. When we deliver any of these fine
pieces of equipment to you, we want to be certain it meets or exceeds all
the manufacturers specs. First of ail. we want to warrant that it does:
secondly — you're entitled to that extra assurance^ We thoroughly test
each unit before we ship it. And we furnish you with test data

If getting a super discount on your new radio is important to you^ — or if
you insist on a factory seated carton, we suggest you shop elsewhere.
But — if you want the positive assurance that you are receiving the value
and performance you*re entitled
to— then we are the guys lo talk to.

For complete details and
prices on any Clegg^approved
product, telephone Toll Free
1-(800}-233-0250 (In Pennsylvania
call Collect {717)-299-7221), Or
drop a card to Clegg Communica-
tions Corp., 191 1 Old Homestead
Lane, Greenfield Industrial Park
East, Lancaster. PA 17601

^r EtarlafllflrBi

B*rVlC83

183

Build the
Sapo Tester

-- for hams with spare time

1 00

STAhCOR
iSEE TEtT(

'^^ I /r\*^^p

'^ * ^ * HJtKMJOi

i *r, ■ —* -A

-Ww-

:3V
-^[l!-^^ " TEST iEJ^D

75 Magazine Staff

^ lO^F/ sv

■^ TEST LEAD

i-1

tJii

iSTEflNiAl

:•)

"^^^"

&OPt

c^s

- TCST LC*D

INTERMAL

('!•-

iB)

-* TEST LE*D

Fig. h Basic circuit of tester (a) and switching add-on for more
versatility fb). See text for description of compotients not
marked.

The little test instrument
described in this article
is something for the amateur
who has nothing and some-
thing for the amateur who
has everything. In the former
case, it provides, very in-
expensively, an instrument
that can function as a con-
tinuity tester, transistor test-
er, diode tester, signal injec-
tion source, code practice
oscillator, CW monitor, sub-
stitution microphone, and
substitution loudspeaker. In
the latter case, it provides a
very handy addition to a tool
box, for quick continuity and
relative resistance checks,
without having to look al a
meter.

The instrument is nothing

more than an audio oscillator
using a one transistor circuit
But the components are care-
fully chosen, A switching
scheme is utilized so that a
low current is passed through
the circuit under test. The
volume and/or pitch varies
with the resistance placed
across its test terminals, and
maximum utilization is made
of the circuit and its com-
ponents for several modes of
operation. Such basic testers,
but without all the versatility
of the one described, have
been available commercially
for years. They are popular
with many service techni-
cians, since one can visually
concentrate on the circuit
being tested or traced out
without having to glance
away to read a meter. This
feature is particularly helpful
when doing work on a de-
tailed PC board, since one can
lose one's place on the board
in the time it takes to glance
al a meter.

The circuit of the unit is
shown in Fig, 1(a). The oscil-
lator circuit utilizes a transis-
tor transformer, which has
one or (wo center- tapped
windings to form the equiv-
alent of a transformer with
three windings. One winding
Is used in the base circuit of
the transistor, another as a
feedback winding in the col-
lector circuit, and another as
an out put-coupling winding
Many of the usual miniature
transistor transformers will
work, aside from the TA-59
unit mentioned, such as the
usual 10k Ohm to 2k Ohm
CT or Ik Ohm CT to 8 Ohm
units. One must be prepared
to do a bit of experimenting
to get the windings phased
correctly and to get the out-
put pitch desired. To achieve
the latter with some trans-
formers, it may be necessary
to experiment with a small
capacitor (*001 to .1 mF)
across the base winding. The
output "loudspeaker" should
ideally be a unit such as a 600
Ohm telephone receiver. Bui
anything, from high imped-
ance, miniature loudspeakers
to cheap, dynamic-type

184

microphones, can be used.
Power is supplied by two IVi
volt batteries in series. No
on /off switch is required,
since no current can flow
untess some resistance is
placed across the test ter-
minais-

The unit, as shown in Fifr
1(a), can be used by itself, if
desired. If the test leads are
marked for polarity, one can
test diodes and transistors
and determine the direction
of the [unction involved.
Resistance values^ from a
short to about 100k Ohms,
can be detected with the
upper limit, depending on the
specific oscillator compo-
nents used. As the resistance
value increases, the volume
will decrease, but the pitch
will tend to rise. This is a very
handy feature^ since, after a
period of usage, one is not so
aware of the volume changes
as one is aware of associating
higher pilch with higher re-
sistance. With usage, one can
become familiar with the
sound of at least the major

steps in the output pitch,
such as for resistance values
of 1 k and 50k.

By adding a few more
components to the basic
circuit, as shown in Fig. 1 (b),
more versatility can be gained
from the unit The addition
of a series 50k potentiometer
allows one to control the
volume and also to limit the
short circuit output current
to less than 60 uA. The latter
is useful as a safety feature,
when testing some semi-
conductor devices, when one
is unsure of the terminal
markings. In the center posi-
tion of the switch shown, the
battery line is left floating,
and the positive test lead is
connected to the speaker over
a .05 mF capacitor. The
speaker can then function as
a replacement test speaker or
as a dynamic microphor>e
replacement. The reproduc-
tion quality is good enough
to at least determine whether
or not the speaker or micro-
phone substituted for is basi-
cally defective. In the right*

hand position of the switch,
the battery circuit is complet-
ed to ground, and the internal
speaker output remains
connected to the positive test
lead. In this mode, the circuit
functions as an injection
oscillator, the level of which
can be controlled by the 50k
potentiometer and monitored
on the internal speaker. The
output is quite harmonically
rich, and it can be used to
check amplifiers all the way
from the audio range to the
HF range.

The switch used in the
unit I constructed was a
special miniature DPDT
toggle switch with a center
position. But, in the center
position, instead of the usual
*'off" position, the poles still
remain connected to opposite
side terminals of the switch.
The switch is available for $1
from Tri-Tek, 6522 North
43rd Ave-j Glendale AZ
85301- The switch can, of
ccftjrse, be replaced by a reg-
ular 2P3T rotary switch, but,
then, this requires a larger

enclosure. Using the minia-
ture toggle, and with the
basic circuit wired on perf-
board, the unit was assembled
in a 3-1/4 X 20/8 x 1-5/8
Bakelite box, complete with
batteries.

Probably some more uses
can be found for the circuit,
with a bit of imagination and
a modified switching scheme.
For instance, it would seem
possible to rearrange things so
that the circuit could also
function as either a pream-
plifier or a low level audio
amplifier complete with
speaker. All in all, it is hard
to find a more handy unit for
general circuit or equipment
checking, before one resorts
to proper instruments for
specific checks*

The name of the instru>
ment comes from the sound
the unit makes. When you
test for continuity and en-
counter a very iow resistance,
the unit sounds off with a
hoarse tone^ sounding some-
what like that produced by El
Sapo — the frog, ■

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Store Hours
Daitv 9-9
Sat, 9-5

185

into the device data books
and getting some help from a
friend, the following circuit
was developed which will
program either the 8223 or
the 82S23.

Finally!
A Simple PROM Burner!

-- for the 8223 and 82S23

Wmiam J. Hosking W7JSW
8626 H. Clarendori
Scoxtsdale AZ S5251

AS a result of my various
articles using TTL
programmable read only
memories^ 1 have received
many letters and phone calls
for help from people who
cannot get devices they have
purchased to accept a
program. In almost all cases 1
discovered that they had been

sent S2S23s, assuming that
82S23s were the same as
8223s. While the devices do
the same job with the same
pin connections, they are
quite different when it comes
to programming. The 82S23
will not program with the
same inputs as an 8223*
After doing some research

330:

3301310

♦5v

J30

330

2114094

0 mwt J0is,rrc

?0*EH SUPPLTf

<25y-a223
IOOV-e2S£3

PO«CA SMPPt^T

TWO

Fig. U PROM programmer schematic diagram. Power supplies one and two can be bench
supplies or built up speciaily for this use. Regulation is not critical

Circuit

The circuit is shown in
Fig, 1 . To those of you who
have either read my earlier
articles or used the Signetics
data book> the circuit should
appear quite familiar except
for the additional power
supply input and the
FET-zener circuitry.

It turns out that the
82S23 requires 19 volts
current regulated lo about 65
milliamps in order to program
right. The circuit shown in
Fig- 2 wilt perform that quite
nicely. The only limitation is
in the selection of )FETs.
The jFET must have an IDSS
of greater than 65 mA- Or
course the 19 volt zener must
be able to handle the ftill 65
mA, which means that it
should be rated at least 5
Watts,

The remainder of the
circuit in Fig. 1 is fairly
straightforward. For SI and
S2, I used
switches which
word address in octal. These
could be replaced with cheap
toggle switches, but the
saving in time and effort is
well worth the slight extra
cost of the BCD coded
thumbwheel switches. S3
selects the output bit to be
programmed or verified. S4 is
a push-button switch used to
do the programming once a
word and bit are selected, and

55 is used to verify that the
bit was actually programmed.

56 was added to switch the
programmer from the 8223
devices to the 82S23 devices.

57 simply puts a 12 volt
zener across the 19 volt zener
for current calibration
purposes. The 21 to 19 volt
supply is the same as shown
in detail in Fig. 2 except for
the addition of a meter for
current calibration. For the
best stability; the zener and
FET should be mounted on
heat sinks. One last circuit

thumbwheel
select the

186

comment: If additional
contacts were available on

push-button switch S4, I
would break the line from S6
to S5 and put it through the
extra contacts.

Programming

If programming an 8223,
set S6 to 8223 position and
adjust power supply one for
12.5 volts. Power supply two
need not be on.

If programming an 82S23,
set S6 to S2S23. Adjust
power supply one to 10.0

volts and power supply two
to 21 volts- Now momentarily
depress S7 and adjust Ra for
a current of 65 ±3 mA. Turn
power supply one off^ insert
device to be programmed,
and set SI, S2 to desired
octal address- At each address
select, one by one, the bits to
be programmed with S3,
Then momentarily push S4.
Now, pushing S5 to the verify
position 'Should cause the
LED to light if the program-
ming wasvSUccessfuL When all
desired bits of one word have

been programmed, switch SI ,

S2 to the next address and
repeat the operation.

Conclusion

I have two words of
warning for programming
either type of device. Monitor
the device case temperature
with your finger. Any time
you can*t keep your finger on
the device it is time to stop
for a few moments to let the
device coo! down. The other
warning is that, once
programmed, a TTL PROM is

1DSS>65«*

21V
PS

^^ I ^

Fig. 2. Constant current
supply and current regulator
schematic,

forever programmed whether
right or wrong, so it takes
time and car& lo do the job
right without destroying a
device. I hope this article wilt
help those of you who have
had problems or been frus-
trated by these devices. ■

CHANNELIZED OR
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Try

Topical CQ

-- for special interest groups

When I became inter-
ested in personal
computers^ 1 developed an
intense desire to talk to some*
one — anyone — who shared
my enthusiasm for this new
and fascinating hobby.

Don't let the term * 'com-
puter" turn you off. This
article is about amateur radio,
not about computers. Bear
with me for a few moments,
and you'll see. 1 mentioned
my interest in discussing com-
puters as a prelude to dis-
closing a practical solution to
the problem of locating some-
one who shares your
interestSi whatever they may
be.

Since my home town is
comfortably small, I wasn't
too surprised to discover that
I was the only one here who
was active in tinkering with a
personal computer system.
Therefore^ when I had ques-
tions about computer hard-
ware or computer program*

ming {and believe me, I had
many), I became frustrated. I
had no one to whom 1 could
turn for enlightenment

One day, as I was sitting at
my bench busify creating an
ulcer because I couldn't
understand the instructions
that some engineer had pre-
pared to help me, I chanced
to glance over at my rig. It
had been neglected, shame-
fully, since I had become
interested in computers.

Suddenly the thought
struck me ^ surely, someone
out there in the ham radio
community knows how to
interpret this jargon that I've
been trying, unsuccessfully,
to understand. As I turned on
the rig and began tuning it up
on 20 meters, t g^ve no con-
scious thougtit to the means
I 'd use to reach someone who
might answer my questions.

*'CQ computers, CQ com-
puters/* I called into the
mike. "Calling anyone who

can help me interpret some
microcomputer buzzwords."
The plea came out as natural-
ly as if I had used the special
topic CQ all of my (consider-
able) amateur radio life,

\ wish I could report that
an electronics and computer
programming expert who had
built and operated the exact
make and model of my com-
puter had responded. No such
luck. But I did get calls from
several fellows who were able
to clarify the instructions
that I had been misinterpret-
ing.

In fact, three QSOs, which
lasted several hours, resulted
from that topical CQ, I had
an opportunity to discuss and
learn a great deal about
hobby computers that day.

It's a gross understatement to
report that 1 enioyed that
experience immensely.

The frustration that drove
me to call "CQ computers"
may have had a significance

for the enjoyment of amateur
radio that I never before con-
sidered.

What's wrong with calling
a topical CQ? Why not call
"CQ color photography/*
"CQ Windom antennas," **CQ
linears/' *'CQ bass fishing/'
or '*CQ recreational vehi-
cles"?

I realize that such CQs
sound strange. But perhaps
that^s just because we haven't
heard topical CQs before.

We are ail familiar with
"CQ DX/' "CQ New York
for a phone patch/' *'CQ con-
test," **CQ for a test," and
"CQ for a short QSO," Those
calls certainly don't sound
strange anymore.

The beauty of the topical
CQ lies in its promise of
bringing together two (or
more) hams for the sole pur-
pose of discussing an
announced topic in which
both (all) are interested.

The rag chews that used to
take place on 75 phone just
after World War II were
fascinating, in part, because
they involved discussions of
transmitter, receiver, test
equipment, and antenna pro-
jects that were in various
stages of construction. Most
ham gear was of the home
brew variety, and almost
everyone was engaged in a
building project he wanted to
discuss. That commonality of
interest was what contributed
most to the satisfaction one
gained from a QSO, If you
doubt it, ask a ham who owns
a two-letter callsign how
often he stayed up until three
or four in the morning
chewing over construction
proJK;tshe enjoyed discussing
with others.

It's the search for that
elusive common interest topic
that occupies most of our
time at church socials, PTA
meetings, cocktail parties, bus
stops, or most other gather-
ings. What we refer to as
"small talk" is really this
exploratory probing for a
subject that interests us.
Often, we start with the
weather. Then we switch to
the old home town, mutual
friends, television, children,

188

traffic problems, disasters,

politics, etc, to keep the con-
versation going while we
continue our search for a
common interest.

Then, without warning, we
pick up a chance remark that
leads to the exciting moment
when we discover that some-
one else shares our interest in
something. From that
moment on, our conversation
comes alive, as we share our
views and experiences with
someone who seems to hang
on our every word. A topic of
mutual interest has been dis-
covered. The evening is a
success; a new friend has been
found.

A similar phenomenon
occurs repeatedly on the
amateur radio bands. In fact,
many hams resign themselves
to the expectation of a casual
conversation- You hear them
cail '^CO for a short QSO/'
meaning: *' Let's get together
to exchange handles, signal
reports, QTHs, weather re-
ports^ and descriptions of our
rigs/

Fortunately, on occasion
the "short QSC can stretch
into hours, if some remark
made discloses that both
hams have a common interest
in some topic.

Back to the topical CQ.

As f see it, calling a CQ
that announces your interest
in discussing a specific topic
comes close to Insuring that
you and one or more other
hams are likely to have an
enjoyable QSO, QRM permit-
ting. There's no guarantee of
a stimulating exchange, of
course, because the expertise
of all participants as well as
the level of interest in the
topic by participants play a
significant part. But the
topical call certainly holds far
more promise of satisfaction
than does the general CQ
with which we are all
familiar,

As an added incentive to
use the topical CQ, think of
the prospect of some ham
having a rare DX call respond-
ing to your call because he is
tired of hit-and-run QSOs and

is anxious to discuss your
favorite subject with you. It
could happen.

There is no good reason
why the topical CQ couldn't
be extended to seeking help
with some project in which
youVe become involved. My
initial call was a plea for help
in understanding computer
terms, despite the fact that I
was thinking of the call at the
time as merely an attempt to
discuss computers. There is
no doubt in my mind now
that I was looking for some-
one who might add to my
limited fund of knowledge,
i.e., someone to help me.

Over the years, I have
listened in on QSOs during
which hams have instructed
one another on how to tune
an antenna, adjust a discrim-
inator circuit, rebuild a VW
carburetor, remove the
flywheel from a lawn mower
engine, prime a water pump,
repair a sailboat center board,
and locate a locksmith on a
Sunday afternoon. I have
even heard a physician offer-

ing medical advice to one of
his longtime net buddies, but
that's carrying too far the
help requests Tm advocating
here.

Hams, generally speaking,
are people who are unusually
alert and have wide diversi-
ties of interests and talents.
Few will deny that hams are
responsive to one another's
calls for assistance. Each of us
has knowledge and ex*
perience that we are willing
to share, if onl y we are made
aware of the need*

A topical CQ can
announce that need for
assistance or can merely
signal a desire to contact
someone for the purpose of
exchanging views about a sub-
ject that is of special interest
to the person initiating the
calL

So, how about it? If you
want to talk about my
current special interest, per*
sonal computers^ I'll be
listening on 20 meters for
your topical '*CQ computers"
call. ■

George Younq WB6JYK
Sierra Hiqh Schooi
ToUhouse CA 93667

Call Letter

High school wood shop
instructors are always
IiKiking for simple, educa-
tional^ inexpensive projects

for those students who need
to be kept busy until such
time that they come up with
their own projects.

Keep in mind that this
project must have educational
value for the instructor to
justify putting a student on
it, and the process of educa-
tion is a slow one. You will
actually be doing the instruc-
tor a favor with your request,
since he is always looking for
just this kind of project.
Shown is a piece of cedar,
stained first, then routed in
about 20 minutes by one of

adds class to any shack

my students while he was
waiting for his own proiect to
dry before applying the next
coat of sanding sealer. Tm
sure WB6TJV will be pleased
with the results. ■

RECIPE

Take ac€onipanytng photo to
local high school wood shop
instryctor.

Supply him with your call fetten.
Furnish $1.00 to Si. 50 in U.S.
funds.

Wait suitable time for educational
process-

Completed call sign will be re-
turned so VQ'U ^^^ hang it out
front of the shack.

189

for ttie most part gotteri Into HFing.

Tht move by tKe ARRL to force
deal&rs to sel^ ham gear only to hams
bv ref using to let them advertise in
QST if they don't promise to be good
is about what I would expect from the
ARRL. There is something about the
b u r e a y C r at ic tefn per am ent whtch
seems to alw^s think in isrms of
punishment as a wray to force people
to do their biddirig rather than y^ng
rewards for behavior mod. Their
forcing the FCC into 'Incentive
licensing" was typical . . . forcing
hams to get a higher license by taking
away bands unless ihey did. The
bureaucratic system of making ever
more laws to force people to do what
the bureaucrat think is right has noc
iieen fH>tice3biy successful.

A handfut of ham dealers have been
making a killing for several years by
selling ham rigs to CB dealers for
resaie to H Fei^ All they have to do is
change a wire or two, add a couple of
crystals, tune it up, and move it along
for a very nice profit* The dealers,
such as Tufts Electronics, which
refuse to sell ham Hgs to CB dealers or
directly to C&ers, are at a disadn/an-
tage. This loss of safe* volume can
n>ean higlier prices for same equip-
mefit and slower delivery.

Traffic in ham rigs to HFer^ will
stow down when it becomes unprofit-
able for the ham dealer to indulge in
ft. There are ham dealers out there
who will sell to anyone waving money
and even sue the manufacturers if
they refuse to ship to them for this
trsde. While the entire industry looks
with disgust on these "sewers," they
still have to do bus mess with them or
e\se spend a lot of money on lawyers,
with the courts eventually backing up
the sewers.

Other than making ham gear in
short supply for hams, what problems
are HFars causing us? Oddly enough,
not aft that many. The added volume
of sales they represent helps keep ham
rig prices down and encourages the
development of new equipment. The
amplifiers the HFers buy are generally
the higher-powered ham amplifiers
and thus are relatively free from
spurious emissions. Even the FCC
admits that the HFsrs aren't seriously
bothering any other service. Perhaps
this explains why, though the FCC
people at HO in Washir)gton are bent
out of shape over HF operation, little
is being done tn the field to disccsurage
rt ... even wfien ham groups get
together and supply detailed informa-
tion about HFer names, locations^
equipment, etc.

Wiil an edict from the ARRL/QSf
change the ways of business when the
FCC doesn't seem to really care and
when the people involved are not

causing any sa^ious damage? It seems

unlikety to me that this is anything

more than a grandstand play. We'll

see.'

Ham dealers who sell gear to C Bars

are quite aware of what they are
doing. Chuck Martin WA1KPS of
Tufts .Electronics comments on the
ARRL demand that customers show a
ham license to buy a rig, "Are you
kidding? We can tell a CBer the
minute he walks ir>to the store. We
don^ waste time asking for ham
licenses . , . it's too easy for anyone to
bomjw one for a purchase. One or
two questions and we know who is a
ham and who Isn't- We sell ham rigs
only to hams,"

The FCC is terribly upset over the
TV I and other interference complatnts
caused by the many illegal power
implifiers being sold to add on to the
4 Watt AM rigs. S nee the FCC put the
ethical manufacturers out of the busi-
ness, they've opened the floodgates
for the unethical manufacturers . . .
who have no reason at all to worry
about spurious responses. The result
has been hundreds of thousands of
incredibly dirty power amplifiers
being sold and a resulting tremendous
increase in interference.

The manufacturers of fe^pal ham
amplrfien have been trying to pomt
out to the FCC that a further restric-
tion on making clean amplifiers will
obviously result in the production and
sa^e of dirty amplifiers. Laws further
prohibiting amplifiers will result In
exactly the opposite desired end.
There has been no sign of anyone
listening at the FCC- I do think that
further prohibitions of linear ampli-
fiers would be ^KHJt the worst thinf
the FCC could do. They'll probably
do it

COMPUTERIZED QSLS?

The RTTY chaps have been sending
their QSLs by radio for many years;
however, 1 doubt if these confirma^
tions are considered adequate by the
organizations issuing cerEltk:at^^

With more and more microcom-
puters in the hands of hobbyists, rt is
probably jMSt a matter of days before
a system will be devised to allow the
access of one computer by another via
the telephone system for either
leaving a message or picking one Up.
Indeed, Td like to publish the details
on the interface boards for acqom
plishing this* complete with details of
the standards and protocols developed
to accomplish a confirmed automatic
message transfer.

With the phone rates ^ing as low
as 19^ per minute at some hours, this
offers a reasonable and fast system as
an alternate to the U.S. mails. Even
the daytime 40d per minute charges
aren't bad for a priority message^
delivered within a minyte or so in-

stead of having to wait until night.

In the past, some organizations
have been very sticky abou( accepting
QSL cards which have neither a can-
celed postage stamp on them nor the
stamp of a OSL bureau. I can under
stand the situation, for one of the
early aspirants for am of the 73
Magazine operating awards sent in
some OSL cards which looked per-
fectly okay, but were fikes. They
lacked the QSL bureau ^mp or
postage to indicate mailing. For
tunateiy, the fakes included cards
from some rare DX stations which I
had worked, and 1 quickly recognized
the bogus cards submitted. Tsk»

As more operators use microcom-
puters, we may be able to have
cs^ette tapes of the logs submitted by
DX stations and do away with QSL
cards, tn the meanwhile, put on your
thinking cap and see if you can come
yp with an interim solution.

The high (and going higher) postage
plus slow (and getting slower) de-
liveries of our postal system are going
to help encourage the use of com-
pute r- to computer mess ages. The
Postal Service has its own problems,
and it is going to be a long time before
they will be permitted to tackle most
of the more serious ones ,,, so there
is no iminediate hope of lovwr postage
or much better service.

One of the big miseri^ of the
Postal Service is the political con
straints. There are over 12,000 post
offices in smalt towns which could be
closed, saving over $100 million
annually. These are kept open as a
n-iatter of town prestige, not of func-
tion. Another big lump could be saved
if more rural mail could be delrvered
to clumps of post boxes instead of
free delivery to each customer 3t his
home. When I was young, our post
box was almost a half mile away, and
I didn't think anything of walking
down to it . , . at least not on warm
days. Of course, our farm was out a
ways ... we didn't even have eiec-
trfcity (It still doesn't) ... or running
water (still doesn't).

When the Postal Service is per-
mitted to be run more like a business
and less like an arm of the govern-
ment, i think well get better and
cheaper ser^rice. In the meanwhile, the
pressure for faster and cheaper service
may quickly force the development of
computer communications. As
pioneers in communications, perhaps
hams will be in there with the fivst
systems and help develop the stan-
dards which will stick with us.

CATCH 22 FDR HAMS

Early es^pe rim enters with RTTY
found that they were severely limited
in their possibilities by the FCC Even
though the amateur service is char-
tered by the FCC rules to provide
inventions and piorieering, the FCC
has constantly gone counter to their
regulations by prohibiting any ex fieri -
mentation which would produce
signals which the FCC monitors could
not copy. So how are hams going to
invent something new if anything new
is prohibited? Catch 22.

One of the questions I've asked at
FCC formal and informal hearings is

why . , . why . , , the FCC monitors
have to be atile to copy ham trans-
missions using new techniques? H
what is being transmitted is so diffi^
cult to copy that even the FCC
monitoring stations cant hack it.
what do they care about what is being
transmitted?

Perhaps there was, long ago, the
fear that hams would go berserk and
send naughty words over the air if
they thought the FCC monttors
couldn't copy them. Well, Vve a secret
. . . this is probably one of itte first
things hams will do. So what? That
gets boring very quickly and the
pioneers will be on to more interesting
matters. There hasn't been any proof
that words will do much long-range
damage, so let the child in the ham
come out and get over the excitement
of being able to secretly pass naughty
words. Big deal. The important U^rr^
IS for ham eKperimemers to have the
freedom to try new ideas, new types
of communications, new techniques.
And they should be able to give these
thin^ a try without a seven-year wait
from the FCC for permission.

The current FCC ban on amateurs
using ASCII is, unfortunately, welt
precedented by earlier refusals ID
allow amateurs to do other just as
innocuous things. Here we are being
held back for years, while the FCC
blunders through its molasses-slow
procedures to permit what should
have been automatically permitted at
first request.

FCC HEADACHES

The FCC Amateur Division made
the papers recently over tfw call letter
business where one of the FCC
employees w^ accepting cash in
return for choice calls, I wish I'd
heard before it got stopped.

For years Tve been interested in
getting W1 NSD, but the FCC has put
me off, saying they couldn't do it
The call has been open for about 2S
years. At one time, I even put in a
petition to make it possible to get
counterpart calls such as this. The
League liked the idea, too, and they
also put in a petition asking for the
same thing. Thrae petitions, after
yellowing for about eJght years in the
FCC files, were recently thrown out,
with no reasonable explanation.

It was my own fault. I could have
gotten the call if I had not goofed off.
When t moved down south, I was able
to get W4IMS0* Later, whet 1 moved
to Ohio, I iotWBr^SD. That was back
in the '40s and 'SOs, As a matter of
fact, in the Sweepstakes contest of
1951, If you have an old issue of QST
around, you'll find that 1 operated the
first weekend of the contest as
W2NSD/3 (and did quite wellL The
second weekend of the contest I ran
as WBMS0y2 (my new call had arrived
just as I was going to New Yoric for a
few days).

By 1962, when I moved to New
Hampshire, the FCC had stopped
giving counterpart calls. There was no
rule change; they just decided not to
do it any more . - . too rnuch trouble.
Having lived in New Hampshire off

Commued on page 199

190

It*s the best value
available in scanners

Searching Receiver

Touch SP, then enter the starting

frequency of your choree. The

Touch will search up through

the action radio channels in

the search band until it

hears an active calL You1l

probably discover "five"

frequencies you never

before knew existed.

Priority Receiver

Touch 2.. then sit back. Any call coming in over
the frequency you choose for channel one will
automatically override calls on other channels. Youll never
miss a call on your favorite frequency.

Search or Scan

Touch SS to Search the unknown. Touch SC to
scan the known. You can either search through
all bands for unknown frequencies, or listen to
the stored frequencies you've selected for the
sixteen scanning channels, There's so much
versatility, and it's all at the tip of your finger.

Model ACT'T-i6K
Frequency Range:

Lo VHF .. 30-50 MHz

HiVHF .. 146-1 74MHz

UHF , . 440-51 2MHz

Sensftfwty

(20 06 quieting)

LoVHF 0,5 m V

HiVHF 0.6 m V

UHF 0,7 M V

Selectivity

± 7 KHz (min.) @ 6 DB
±15 KHz (max) @ 60 DB
Squelch: (threshotd)
Lo VHF 0 4 piV

Hi VHF . . 0.5 t^ V

UHF . . 0-6 M V

Search Scan Range: (max)
Lo VHF 4000 channels
Hi VHF 5600 channels
UHF 5760 channels

Scanning Receiver

Touch PR, then enter the frequency you want as
you watch it appear on the LE.D. display. Next,
touch the channel number you wish to use.
Then touch SC, the scanning lights will begin
the search for action.

REGENCY DIGITALLY
PROGRAMMABLE SCANNER
WITH KEYBOARD

SPECIAL $299

Master Charge & B of A
We ship prepaid in USA
CaJit. residents add e°o iax
Check wirh order or COD

IN STOCK FOR

10 day money back guarantee
full satisfaction guaranteed
Factory warranty on all items

EDIATE DELWERY

-V

191

73 Magadne St^ff

Adjustable
Bench Supply

-- would you believe 1.2-37 volts?

HOW about constructing
an adjustable voltage
power supply that can have
up to 1,5 Amperes output
with good load voltage regula-
tion and full overload prolec*
tion at minimal cost? Ad-
mittedly, a $5.00 estimate
depends a lot on what parts
are available from one's junk
box, but for [List a few dollars
spent on a new I Q one can
have the "heart" of a very
versatile power supply.

The new IC is the LM31 7
by National Semiconductor.
This IC promises to be as
famous as the LM309^ which
is so universally used in
power supplies for digital
circuitry.

The new LM3T7 is an
adjustable, three-terminal
positive voltage regulator. Its
simple external connections
rather belie the complexity
and performance features of
the unit. As shown in Fig. 1,
it has only simple in/out con-
nections and a minimum of
three simple external compo-

nents are required. The out-
put voltage is set by the ratio
of two resistors, R1 and R2.
By making R2 variable, one
can adjust the output voltage
to be any value from a few
volts less than the dc input
voltage to the regulator down
to a minimum of about 1,2
volts output. Thus, if the
input dc voltage were 40
volts, the output voltage can
be continuously varied from
about 37 volts down to 1.2
volts*

Although the output volt*
age is determined only by a
resistor setting, the output
voltage is regulated at any
given setting. The regulation
will be about 0.1% going
from no load to full load (1 .5
Amperes, assuming the trans-
former/rectifier used for the
dc input voltage handles this
current). The LM317 is also
overload and thermally pro-
tected. If the current limit is
exceeded, such as by a short
circuit, the LM317 will

¥ m^DC

fff

Lii9(r

ADJUST

V Ol/T. R£lrilLJTri}

(20

1
i
I
I
iT7

^, AOJgST

TO-S

CASE 15
TERMINAL 1

Fig, J. Bask adjustable voltage regulator circuit using an
LM3J Z Normally only three external components are neededf
but C2 and C3 may be useful In certain situations as explained
in the te\L

simply "shut down. If the
regulator gets too hot, either
because of excessive load
current and/or inadequate
heat dissipation, it will also
protect itself* Although one
can destroy the LM317 like
any other ICJt is pretty hard
to do with any sort of reason-
able care.

The manufacturer suggests
two additionaf capacitors {C2

and C3) be used, which
may prove useful in some
applications. C2 is used to
bypass the adjustment ter-
minal to ground to improve
ripple rejection- This bypass
prevents ripple from being
amplified as the output volt-
age is increased. About 60 dB
ripple rejection is achieved

without this capacitor, but it
can be improved to about 80
dB by adding it. A 10 mF or
greater unit can be used, but
values over 10 mF do not
offer any significant advan-
tage in further ripple im-
provement* The manufacturer
particularly recommends the
use of a solid tantalum capac-
itor type since they have low
impedance even at high fre-
quencies. An alternative is the
use of the more readily avail-
able and inexpensive
aluminum electrolytic, but it
takes about 25 mF of the
latter type to equal 1 mF of
the tantalum type for good
high frequency bypassing! C3
is added to prevent instability
when the output load
presents a load capacitance of
between 500 and 5000 pF.
By using a 1 mF bypass at the
output (solid tantalum again
or aluminum electrolytic
equivalent), any load capaci*
tance in the 500 to 5000 pF
range is swamped and sta-
bility is ensured. Both C2 and
C3 will not be required for
many applications where the
LM317 is being used with a
specific load circuit. But if
the LM317 is used as the
heart of a general purpose
bench type power supply,
they should be included.

Fig. 2 shows a PC board
layout and component place-
ment diagram. This layout
has been suggested by the
manufacturer, but there is no
need to follow it exactly as

COMPONENT
SIDE

VooT

RIGUtATfO

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE

1.2 to 37V

-O

O "^V^"^— o

-^o

V|N

Fig, 2. This is a PC board layout for the regulator suggested by
the manufacturer, R2 is shown as a multi-turn pot for ease of
adjustment The figure also shows the pin connections for an
LM3J 7 if it is obtained in the TO-220 plastic case.

t92

long as all of the external
components are grouped
around Ihe regulator with
solid short leads. The diagram
shows the LM317 in a
TO-220 plastic case which is
designated the LM317T. Most
amateurs will probably prefer
to buy the LM317 in the
familiar TO-3 metal case and,
in this case^ it is the LM317K.
But, when using the unit,
note an important difference
as compared to the old
LM309K. The case on the
LM309K was ground so one
could simply bolt the thing
down on a chassis for heat
sinking. The case on the
LM317K is the output ter-
minal, so it must be properly
insulated from a chassis.

Various power supply
ideas and considerations can
suggest themselves for the
LM317. For instance, R2,
instead of being a variable
resistor, can be replaced by
switchable fixed resistors to
obtain some of the com-
monly used supply voltages
such as 6j 9, 1 2, 1 5 volts, etc.

This idea, plus a conlinuously
variable output voltagp posf*
tion, is featured in the practi-
cal realization of a power
supply using the LM317 as
shown in Fig. 3. This supply
will deliver fixed output volt-
ages of 5, 9, 1 2, and 1 5 volts
(depending upon how the
trim potentiometers are set),
plus a continuously variable
output of 1,2 to about 24
volts. All outputs can deliver
at least 1,5 Amperes with the
components specified. The
supply is simple to build in
any size metal enclosure suit-
able for the components
used. The only precautions to
observe are to firmly heat
sink the LM317 to one side
of the metal enclosure and to
keep the 0:1 mF capacitor
going from pin 3 to ground,
the 10 mF capacitor going
from pin 1 to ground, and the
1 20 Ohm resistor going
between pins 2 and 1, all
connected directly at the
LM317 terminals. The other
components may be mounted
wherever it it convenient to

SECOMJUIY
.12 ni4C* WOLTJ tt5*>

@ OUTPUT

Fig. 3. A complete power supply using the LM317. The switch
simply selects different 5fi Ohm pots which are set for 6, 9,
12} /5, and a variable voltage output The latter 5k pot is front
panel mounted^ The function of the LED is described in the
text

do so.

The zener diode/resistor/
LED combination ai the
output of the supply serves as
a crude but useful voltage
output indicator without
having to build a regular volt-
meter in the supply. The LED
|ust starts to glow when the
output voltage is about 9-10
volts (depending on the toler-
ances of the components

used). The Ik resistor is

adjusted so the LED just
glows fully when the maxi-
mum output voltage fs
reached. So by using the
fixed output voltage positions
(which are adjusted using a
good VOM) and watching the
LED, one can obtain a fairly
good estimate of what the
variable output voltage is set
for, «

Test Instrument Saver

--an old phone
is required

Harry J. Miller
991 42nd Su
Sarasota FL 53580

Delicate^ costly test
instruments may suffer
severe damage when their
conventional, too long leads
snag on tools or on compo-
nents spread out on the work-
bench and are inadvertently
yanked off it to the floor.

A partial cure for this
hazard is to replace the long
leads with the much shorter
coiled leads commonly used

on cameras and flash units.

The coiled leads can be
stretched out to where

needed. When let go they
retract out of harm's way.
Should they lose their recoil
power, rewinding the coils in
the opposite direction helps
restore their springiness.

Since each lead has two
wires, their extra continuity
gives them longer life. ■

193

Presenting the ROBOT 1978

SSTV FACT PACK

PART 1

ROBOT MODEL 400

DATA SHEET

Complete Listing of all the fea-
tures and specifications on the
new Robot 400 SSTV Converter.

FART 2

OUR NEW EIGHT

PAGE BROCHURE

This booklet telb you every-
thing you want to know about
SSTV. How it works, the fre-
quencies allocated to SSTV^ how
much it costs, how to involve
your family, how to install and
operate SSTV on your present
station.

PART 3

PART 4

THE 10.000 WORD
SSTV STORY

Featuring reprints of ham maga-
zine SSTV articles thiit you may
have missed.

TUNE TO 14.230 MHz
AND SEE ALL THE
SSTV ACTION

There is almost continuous
SSTV activity on 14.230. A good
way to get the inside story on
SSTV is by monitoring this
frequency.

PART S

ORDER YOUR
ROBOT MODEL 400
SSTV CONVERTER

With the Robot 400 you just plug it into your trans-
ceiver, connect a TV monitor or your home set with
the optional Robot RF adapter kit, tune to 14,230, and
you're operating SSTV. $ 695

r
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Gendcmen:

Please send me the following:

. Free 1978 SSTV Faa Pack

Model 400 SSTV Converter

NAME

CALL

ADDRESS
CITY .

STATE

I ROBOT]

ROBOT RESEARCH, INC.

75d1 Convoy Court

San Diego, CA 921 11

PH (714J 279 9430

ZIP

in Gcrmdoy contact; Richter& Co,, Aicraimnstra^L, 17-19, HannoYer.

In England contact: Aero & General Supplies, 32 Rutlord Ave., Hramcote, Nottingham.

I
I

194

ThQ

In thQ Northwest!

ATLAS • ICOM • KENWOOD • YAESU

Come to ABC Communications today for the best solution to your particular communication
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DENTRON MtA-2500
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DEMTRON MT-3000A
Deluxe Tuner S349.S0.

DENTRON 160-10 AT (not shown)
Super Tuner $129,50.

^KENWOOD

KENWOOD Transceiver
TS-S20S 160 thru lOlVI Si 048,

KENWOOD Transceiv^
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ATLAS 350-XL Transceiver
160 thru 10M $895.

RADIO INC

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SOth^^J 10IVI $679.

Atlas Tfansceivsr 21 5X (not shown)

160 thru 15M $679,

ICOM Trar*w:eiv©r 2M FM
SSB IC 21 1 $749,

ICOM Transceiver 2M FM
IC22S$299,

ICOM Transceiver 2M FM
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A 46

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We also handle Wilson, Cushcraft, Hy-
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Other locations: (Walk in custonners only) • Bellevue — 12001 H. E. 12th • Everett — 6920 E^^ergreen Way • Open Mon. thru Sat.

195

Allan S. Joffe WSKBM
J 005 Twining Road
DreshsrPA J 9025

Photoelectric

Bench Accessory

-- when you need an extra "eye"

Combine the leftover
power supply from an
experiment that failed with
some twelve for a dollar CdS
photocells purchased from
S*D. Sales, Mix well with a
lull in regular ham activities
and the result is an interesting
unit with many uses.

The diagram in Fig, 1
shows the basic unit The
photocell is in series with a
poL There is a voltage applied

across this series combination
to ground. The op amp is
used as nothing more than a
high impedance driver for the
one mil meter used as an
indicator of relative light flux
impinging on the celL The
word "relative" is important
to notei as the meter is not
calibrated in any special
units* Its reading is com-
parative only and its function
is to tell you that li^t has

either increased or decreased
at any specific momenL The
pot is used to control sen-
sitivity. The hi^er the
resistance, the greater the
sensitivity of the unit. The
photocell is mounted on two
back to back lids from
35 mm film containers of the
plastic variety. One film can
makes up the body of the
probe. This has a hole cut in
the side to allow the cell leads
to cxiL Exiting the leads
from the side rather than
through the bottom allows
the probe to be firmly

positioned relative to a fight
source. A second container
has its bottom cut off and is
used for a stray light shield
around the celL These details
are apparent in the photo-
graph.

Notice that there are two
outputs: One is dc coupled
throu^ an isolating resistor
and the other is ac coupled
through a 33 uF capacitor.

With the values indicated,
here is an idea of sensitivity
for general use. An LED
energized from an audio
oscillator and held next to
the cell will give about Vi volt
of audio at the exciting fre-
quency when the unit is at
maximum sensitivity. This
makes a handy bench coupler
into your counter* A sixty
Watt bulb in a white glass
shade will pin the meter from
a distance of about nine feet
as will an ordinary two ceil
flashlight-

If you play around with
QRP rf levels and are
addicted to using pilot lamps
as power indicators for tuhe-
up, this unit will allow you to
convert the light into a meter
reading that seems much
more sensitive to slight
changes than the eye* When
ypu are fighting for each
milliwatt, this is very helpful.

The unit puts out a nice dc
pulse with a flash of light
hitting the cell. Thus the dc
output can be used for
triggering an SCR or used to
bias the base of a transistor
used as a switch or some form

-^f

3 3|iF

>OSTS

tit

0-1 u 4

1 K POT

I:
noAc

V4C

I"*

-v^ —

Fig. L All resistors }i W,

196

of dc ampfifier for control
purposes.

If you wish to raise the
overall sensitivity of the unit,
merely increase the value of
the pot to 5k or 10k. This
will greatly raise the sen-
sitivity but may create stray
light problems. For general
use, the indicated values work
very well.

There is nothing magic
about the voltages shown for
the op amp; I used an existing
supply, but six volts or so
would work as well.

Note that there is no need
to use shielded cable for the
cell leads.

As with most projects, just
about the time you g^t the
last screw in place, there is
that little voice whispering in
your ear, saying, "1 wonder
what would happen if , . , ?"
Well, this project was no
exception. Fig. 2 shows what
happens when you listen to
little voices.

The ac power supply has
disappeared, replaced by two
C cells in series. The op amp

+3V

DC ^

OUT

3 3i-F

mm4

-m-

20«

WtTER

F/g. 2

has vanished because a more
sensitive (50 microamp)
meter has been used. The
diode in series with the meter
is used to provide a hoi doff
threshold effect so a small

steady meter reading is
cancelled. Either unit does
about the same job of pro-
viding your bench with a
photocell dimension that will
find many uses, ■

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EQUIPMENT DIRECTORY

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$3-50 plus J^C FKi5(3£e ancf hanUlmg — US aney
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KAUFMAN BALUN

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■ POWER, INC.

2407 Charteston Road.

Mountain View, CA &4043 (415) 965^2623

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Power out

Reads 1 to 1000W SSB/CW.
switches for peak or average.

Built-in calibration

^ VSWR

Reads to t1:1. 30db directivity
coupler (far greater than most).

Built-in calibration

WM-7000

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197

Eugene Daren WA6THG
62lBCalle Empinade
San Diego CA 92120

Inside the SR'52

-- calculator
doubles as micro

farads and let the machine
convert it to farads. Further
into the program we round
off our answer to two places
beyond the decimal point.
This is done in step 033
where we fix the number of
places after the decimal point
to two in step 034. !f we feel
thit we really don't need any
portion of an Ohm in the
final answer, step 034 could
be keyed 9 instead and the
machine will then round off
the answer to no places to the
right of the decimal. Later, in
steps 040 and 041 , we tell the
machine to go back to its
original 10 digit display and
clear all memories for a com-
plete new set of values. Isn't
that beautiful?

Lei*s do a sample problem
and watch this wondrous
little gem go through its
tricks. Let's suppose that we
have discovered that upon

If you are anything like
mtt this business of math

formulas as used in elec-
tronics today is enough to
scare you half to death.

Being a basically lazy but
inquisitive sort, the need for
mathematical answers when
desiring some pet project
kept rearing its ugly head.
About a year and a half ago I
broke down and bought my
first scientific calculator, a
Texas Instruments SR-50. I
loved this instrument, and its
ease of use made those for-
mulas I had hated in the past
child's play. But the SR-50
had a nagging problem which
took some of the edgp off the
fun. Its problem, simply
stated, was only one memory*
This fact made me resort to
the pencil more times than I
cared Something had to be
done.

Then one day^ something
was done. The first program-
mable calculator with multi-
ple memory came upon the
market I fell in love instantly
and dreamed of the day when
I, too, could carry the
wisdom of Solomon in my
back pocket. But the early
introduction price of almost
$400,00 made me hesitate.
Wisdom was fine» but for

$400.00 I found that I could
push an awful lot of pencils.

Gradually, as time wore
on, I watched the prices drop
until one day it broke the
magic $200,00 figure, and I
rushed with sweatstained,
crumpled bills to my local
calculator emporium to buy
my first programmable calcu-
lator ... no, not calculator
but, rather, mini pocket
computer . • • the magnificent
5R52.

Oh joy of joys, oh thrill of
thrills, for the next two days
I sat mesmerized by the
winking, blinking^ flashing
numbers. At last the drudgery
of math was truly defeated

The programmable pocket
computer is a very powerful
tool, and, whether you write
your own programs or use
those of someone else, it is a
constant joy- For those of
you who have recently
bought your first instrument
but have not mastered the
knack of programming, here
is a simple program to calcu-
late Xc, capacitive reactance.

Simply stated, the formula
for capacitive reactance says:
Xc in Ohms is equal to the
reciprocal of frequency in
Hertz times capacitance in
farads times the quantity 2

pi. What a drag to wade
through that humbug. But
with the accompanying for
mual keyed into your favorite
SR-52 or SR-56, it suddenly
all becomes child's play.

Turn on your machine^
press LRN and up pops 000
00. The first three zeros indi-
cate the step number, and the
last two zeros indicate the
key to be pressed in teaching
the calculator its smarts. An
extremely well written set of
books comes with each and
every machine, and in the
back of the small book with
the SR'52 is a chart detailing
each key as to its identifica-
tion number.

Now, let's key into the
machine the program in Table
1.

The formula turns out to
be somewhat an unwieldy
one to use, as who of us uses
capacitance values in farads.
In step 008 the machine is
told to convert farads to
microfarads by going automa-
tically into scientific notation
when "EE" is pressed, and
then in step 009 and 010 we
enter into the program, the
minus 6th power of ten. This
allows us, when entering the
problem's values, to enter
capacitance values in micro-

000

*LBL

001

002

STO

003

004

005

hit

006

•LBL

007

008

009

+/-

010

oil

STO

012

013

014

HLT

015

•LBL

016

017

(

018

019

020

021

022

RCL

023

024

025

026

RCL

027

028

029

030

031

inv

032

EE 1

033

034

035

HLT

036

LBL

037

038

CLR

039

*cms

040

inv

041

•fix

042

HLT

end of proiram

Table /.

198

attempting to pipe a touch-
loneTM pad into our phase
modulator and bypass all the
mic stages, we still can't key
up that autopatch down the
road.

Hmmmm ... the lowest
frequency used in the touch-
tone pad is 697 Hz, but the
guys on the frequency all
seem to agree that the high
frequency tone is there, but
the tow frequency tone is
very low in amplitude. Upon
examination of the schematic
we find that the coupling

capacitor out of the inter-
stage transformer in the mic
circuit feeding the phase
modulator is onty an .02 uF.

Well, let's see . . . picking
up our trusty SR'52 and
loading up the program, we
enter the audio frequency
value 697 into "A" and the
coupling capacitor value ,02
uF into "B'V Depressing "C"
tells us that the capacitive
reactance of that *02 uF
coupling capacitor is
1141 7.14 Ohms.

Gee, no wonder those gyys

on the autopatch can't hear
the low frequency tone.
Suppose we increase the
capacitor value to ,05 uF,
What's the Xc value then?
Returning to our miracle of
miracles, we enter into "B"
the new value ,05 and once
a^n press "C'\ Out spits
4566,86, Well, that's better,
but not really good enough
for tiie autopatch operation,
so v^ try another capacitor
value of .33 uF into the
computer and out spits
691.95. ni bet that works.

Suddenly, after changing the
capacitor to the new value of
33 uF, we find the autopatch
swallowing our signal and
keying up Ihc dial tone.

If you have followed me
through this exercise, you
wilt now begin to appreciate
this beautiful little handful of
plastic and electrons. Loading
some of the other programs
that come with the instru-
ment will truly open your
eyes to the reason I, for one,
will never be without my
wondrous mental crutch. ■

from page f90

and on for much of my fife, it
wtouldn't have been much trouble to
get a WINSD call back when the
getting was good. Goofed,

The current frenzy ^^^^ two fetter
ciills is fun. When I sugyested to the
FCC that they offer special caHsas an
incenttve to get an Extra cl^s iicense
(in 19631, They said that hams iden*
lif ied with their calls and would never
gci for ft. Instead, they opted to
punish hams for not upgrading theJr
licenses rather than offering an incen-
tive such a? a special calL They called
It "incentive licensing."

At any rate, whOe most of us were
tied to our calls, a few found ways
aroLtnd the md tape. The ones
involved m the conviction of the FCC
chap were K3MM. K8KD. K8RS, and
K8RZ* all of which now appear to
have been withdrawn. Alt Ohio boys
. , . odd, since the last I heard, 0h[o
wasn't yet offic5ailv one the United
States. They really should be issiiing
their own calls out there and stop
voting in our elections. But that's
another story, and an interesting one.
It ^ems the Ohio legislature rtever
actually got around to ratifying the
joining of the Umon, and by the time
this was discovered, everyone felt it
was better to shut up and not make
waves.

Getting back to thcne licenses , . , I
have noticed others have managed to
get counter pan calts, white I'm still
living out the remainder of my
existence as W2NS0 instead of
W1NSD.

The newspaper article made a big
deal out of one of the FCC officials
gettmg his own initials for his call. Big
deat The FCC's answer to that was
that they tried to make officials more
vlsrb^e when they operated. That's not
a bad answer, Perhaps something ?vefi
more visible , , . like W3A . . . would
have been even more satisfactory.

EDITORIAL BY WA YNB GREEN
Those one letter calls do stand outi

THE NEW "REPEATER" BAND

Apparently there are a few ama-
teurs who have noticed that while the
FCC deregutated the 1445-145.5
MHz band so repeaters could be used
there, the FCC made no mention that
repeaters had to be used t here.

With only a small percentage of the
current I V operational repeaters being
used much, it seems counterproduc-
tive (dumb?} to start allocating a
whole riew bunch of channels for
repeaters. Yes, I know that every
red blooded ham will not be happy
until he has found out how difficult it
is to set up and run a repeater of his
own. Yes, \ know that few of us are
able to learn from the experiences of
others arKl that most of us prefer to
make our own mistakes, no matter the
expense in time and money.

As the past setter -upper and main-
tainer of some repeaters, I can testify
as to the trouble and expense. As a
matter of fact, I suppose I should
write up some of the adventures m
reseat er^r^ as a humor article for 73
— the v^fading through four feet of
srtow to get to a locked- up repeater —
the two snowmobiies in the bam just
to get to the repeater site — all so a
small group of misfits who had been
chjased off every other repeater in
New England would have a place to
spend the remaining days of their
unproductive ih/es.

Should I mention the purchase of
the dup^e^ter? It seems that when you
use a duplexer there is a little problem
which gets kind of glassed over In the
literature .,. temperature. Tempera-
ture is something of which there is a
great lack on top of a New Hampshire
mountain during the winter. So this
chap fa 73 staffer}, who shall have to
go unnamed, figured out a fix for that
problem ... he set up a heater near
the duplexer and I |u?t about had
heart failure when the electric bill

came the next sprtng , . . ^350 to heat
that damned duplexer. Let me know
if you want to buy a duplexer cheap
.*. very cheap. I gave away the
rep^ter.

So, do we need a whole new raft of
unused repeaters in the newly deregu-
lated MHz, complete with the usual
wars between SSBers, CW DXers,
AMers, and all the groups who have
already annoLinced that they are ready
and willing to go to war? Why »5 il
that the very first reaction to atiy
change iS to threaten war? I get the
feeling that a lot of hams gre excited
over the prospects of yetting back to
war . . . it*s more fun. Cooperation has
led to very dull repeaters and a big
loss of Interest, Now, a good hot
war . . » 7

WeN, you do what you like. 1 really
cbn'i care if the repeater fans fand
I'nn one) have terrible battle over
whether to go 20 kHi splits, or 30
kHz with 15 kHz unusable splinters
fwho ever learns from experience?!*
And I'll cheer on the sidewinders and
their forays against the terrible re^
paater gnDups . , . and the AMers
leapir^ out to do battle with any
repeater which dares to set fool inside
the new band . . . etc.

If people want to be foolish and
waste their time and energy fighting
ir^ead of inventing and pioneering
and trying to move things ahead, Til
do whit I can to ignore them. It's a
pity . . . Just think of all the new
thin^ we could develop if we would
sijend ouf time in a positive manner.
We coukJ develop some fantastk:
repeater systems — with aytomatic
calling and message handling — with
micnacomputer interface - perhaps as
an adjunct to burglar, fire, water, etc.,
alarm systems in hams' houses — tied
in with ELT for locating planes which
are dow^n , .etc*

Just why the FCC didn't open the
rest of two meters to Techs is one of
those mysteries. Frankly. I think that
was dumb. If the lack of a full MHz
hasn't forced Techs to get a General
license in all these years, why will the
lack of a half meg do it?

WARC PROPOSALS

A reader sent atong a copy of some

of the foreign proposals for band

changes which might interest you . . .

particularly if you have been worrvlng

about whether to buy a new rig now
or wait for one which will include
those promised new ham bands which
we wilt be getting after the )TU
meeting in 1979.

The BBC proposals * rem ember, that
is the British government I are to
resolve the sharing of the 7100-7300
kHz broadcast band with amateurs by
re-aHot;aiion (moving out the ama-
teurs) They further point out that it
is necessary to at least double each of
the shortwave broadcasting bands
below 20 MHz, Guess whose bands
would be, affected?

The 8BC also wants to use up most
of the ham 220 MHz band with added
television allocations , . , up to at least
223 MHz. Whoops, there goes 2201

The BBC will not have things all
their own way with this TV plan, for
the C.E.P.T. (Central Europe govern
ments) wants ip allocate 174-235
MHz for mobile service. They also are
propo^ng 41-63 MHz for mobile
i there goes ^\x meters!) and a mobile
service in the 430-432 and 438-440
MHz bands, replacing amateur use of
those bands. These decisions were
reached st a meeting In Puerto de la
Cruz in 1974 and revised at Malaga-
Torrerrtolinos in 1975. They will
probably stick.

Obviously we may lose more than
just our low bands at WARC.

AHD

M V.LC.

.11, HiMEii, ttt\t\it CHW-fflf MbA filtllU'ift- ■A'aynr
t}Nf-n, Fctdrh'ifiiiUth, NJt. Q44EK. -i^

«dii^iM hI •Uic.MhildfTii tMmMn* «i hiiiMim 1

mrt^mm m mm* mt twui «B»«id. «i m^wk, ir bjii

ibUn frrr Fxinai titofrtiw c**- puiffi»i nQvcli
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fiift'Hl^itiNi- IK I AvufpH^ Ha. iapitt 4«i-N iu<v
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Tri|*l N'."-, fiJJWi*" t'rin'i'"'! {Inti Pnt-mi TUinJ fliy
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llwiucli diaJcfl uhl rArrlsn, iirvKf ¥tn|tor» wtiS
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ta.PIO 4y> '' -^ piid imv^Uan cSuTn

Mi iDai Mh., i^JLltQ iVl tM«V: P

tiki taWlT> *JfT *.
*%^ «tf fL. Fl

iihtA&m vbAtH*^ mi^m <hm mm Jan n

199

Boost Your TR22!

-- with a mini roci< crusher

L^rry Levy WA21NM
1114 E. l&ihSt
Bmoklyn NY 112S0

My TR22 is a very nice side to reach some of the
rig, but it is a little more distant repeaters full
short on the power output quieting. There have been

ttiPffO

,&or

/tr

.001

Hf^l

2M5390

/nr

!7Q

/ff

tSSC fCJtTt

— )i —

-1^ 3-30

/?*

(SEE TEXTJ

2-144 OR

fQUiV

N.D

flLI

/7f

6^F
TANTALUM

— —4k

OUTPUT

-f

*12-I4V

/^/^- /.

RLI

HFCZ

3^PC BDflRD

4LliMIF4UM
—HEAT

SINK

TVO OF QJ

Rff. 2 LI - 2!4 Wrm 4f22 sohd wire; L2 - same as U\ %'' diameter spaced M"; RFC! -2
approximately 6 turns ^22 solid wire (insulated)^ ]4 "diameter dose spaced.

several modifications pub-
lished that would Increase the
power output of this rig, but
they all have common draw-
backs: 1) There is barely
enough drive for the final
that is in there now, so the
drivers have to be reworked
to give more power. 2) The
increased power means in-
creased battery drain for the
times that I want to use It on
battery power. And, 3) the
increased power doesn't help
my other HT, when I want to
use that ai the QTH or
mobile.

The easiest and most flex-
ible solution is to build an
outboard power amp, which
will connect to either HT and
can be used in the car as well
as the house, (Actually, given
the price and effort to build
these, you could build an
extra and leave it in the car,)
The cost for construction is
under $15, and it takes less
than an hour to build.

Depending upon the tran-
sistor used and the rig driving
it, you will gel 9 or 10 Walts
out with a 2N5590- If you
have a higher-powered HT or
base rig, you could substitute
a 2N6081 (1 .S^^a W drive, VS
W out), a 2N6082 (3-5 W
drive, 25 W out), of a
2N6083 (30 W out), or, if
you have 7-10 W available,
you might try a 2N6084 (40
Wout)or2N6097 (40W).

These would aJI use the
same basic amplifier circuit
The 2N5590 and most of the
others listed are available
from CeCo Communications,
2115 Avenue X, Brooklyn
NY 11235 (a 73 advertiser),
and are reasonably priced
(the 2N5590 is about $6, the
2N6081 is about $7, cur-
rently, and the others are
comparably priced).

Construction

The amplifier is con-
structed on a piece of copper
PC board, mounted on a
Finned aluminum heat sink-
The stud of Ql is used to
mount the board to the heat
sink, A scrap piece of PC
board is filed to clear the case
of Ql , and soldered to the

200

main board after the tran-
sistor is mounted and the

emitter tabs are soldered to
the main board. This acts as a
shield i^etween the input and
output circuits. Layout is
simple (see Fig. 2) straight-
line construction. RLl is a
DPDT 12 Vretay, with 25-50
mA coil current. (A relay
with a higher coil current
could be used, but the
2N2222 type transistor
should be replaced with one
having a higher current rating.
The cheap plastic TO-220

THE ANSWER TO THE
BIQGESTStGI^AL

W1CPI CENTER

type audio transistors should
work fine for this applica-
tion.) Radio Shack stocks a
relay with the right current,
available for a few dollars*

LI and L2 should be
dipped^ with a few feet of
coax connected. C4 can be a
disc ceramic, about 40 pF, If
really Fine tuning is desired, it
could be replaced with a 50
or 60 pF trimmer. C5 is a
T.5-7 pF trimmer. It could be
replaced with a fixed value
cap, if desired. 2-3 pF should
work for a small hand-held

HTorTR22(1-2Wrange),or
a gimmick could be used for
the higher power rigs (when
used with the higher power
transistors). In either case,
the minimum capacitance
that will give reliable keying
should be used.

Tune-u p/0 perat io n

Connect the amplifier to a
power source, and connect a
wattmeter to the output with
a dummy load. Tune CI and
C3 {also C4, if variable) for
maximum output. Now back

down C5 until the relay drops
out, and increase it slightly
until it keys reliably.

You might now connect
the wattmeter to the input
and check swr, C2 may be
varied to get the lowest swr
(with retuning Cl)» if theswr
is high. Connect the watt-
meter to the output, connect
an antenna, and repeak for
maximum. This completes
the tune-up. A switch may be
added in the power lead, so
the booster may be shut off if
not needed. ■

INSULATOR

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pes>gn

f pa rent

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The CTR-2 Series Counters are designed and bullr to the highest smndards to fulfrll the
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and is about hatf the cost of other commerct^l counters.

If you need a reliable counter at an affordable price, the CTR-2 is the answer.

8 Digit .3" LED Display
High Stability TCXO Time Base
Built-m VHF-UHF Preset ler
Automatic Dp Placement
TCXO Std, ±2 ppm

Input Diode Protected

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t&i>^

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full color brochure and complimen-
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No Obligation Group HE Soles Co

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G13 Little Neck. NY11362

©Copyrighrt 197? Botenr Pending

^ng sfiown approximate octud size

201

D O V ET R O

MPC-IOOOC

Multipath-Diverstty
Amateur Net: {495.00

The MPC-IOOOC features MULTIPATH CORRECTION, fNBAND DIVERSITY (single
channet copy during deep selective fades) Operation and a PHASE^CONTINUOUS
AFSK TONE KEYER. The Mark and Space channels are CONTINUOUSLY tuneable
from 1200 to 3100 Hi. The internal RY GENERATOR and DUAL MODE AUTOSTART
(FSK or MARK) are standard, as are rear panel prowisfons for SIGNAL REGENERA-
TION and SPEED CONVERSION peripherals.

MPCIOOOCR

Sfgnal Regenefation &
Up- Down Speed Conversion

Amateur Net: $595.00

The MPCIOOOCR combines all the features of the MFC lOOOC with the TSR-200
SPEED CONVERTER-REGENERATOR. A front panel SIGNAL SPEED switch provides
electronic "gear-shifting*' between 60, 66, 75 and 100 WPM speeds. Afl incoming
and outgoing signals are regenerated by a CMOS UART and a crystal-controlled
DUAL-CLOCK to less than 0.5% bias distortion, providing an extremely low error-
rate on weak and badly distorted signals.

MPC-IOOOR

Dual-Uart Regenerttiofi,

200 Character Fifo
Memory & Word Correction,

Ajnateur Net: $820.00

The MPC-IOOOR combines the features of the MPCIOOOCR wfth the TSR-SOO SPEED
CONVERTER'REGENERATOR and offers 200 characters of FIFO MEMORY, a DUAL-
UART REGENERATOR that also provides local copy during all PRELOAD RECIR-
CULATE functions, a WORD CORRECTION circuit that permits an incorrect word
to be erased from memory by depressing the local keyboard's BLANK key, VAR-
IABLE CHARACTER RATE and automatic BLANK/LTRS DIDDLE. Character OVER-
RUN during down*speed conversion Is prevented by an automatic CHARACTER RATE
OVER-RIDE and TEE DEE INHIBIT circuit Three preset AFSK TONE/SHIFT combi-
nations are selectable from the front paneL

The MPC-IOOOR (SO characters of memory), MPC-IOOOCA (Tri tone AFSK). MPC-
lOOOCRA (Tri-tone Regenerator) and MPC-IOOOCS (Crypto-Scrambler) are also
available.

Your QSL wtll bring complete specifications, or call: 213-682*3705.

627 Fmmont Ave.

(P. O. Box 2i7)

South Pasadena^ Ca. 91030

023

with

JAN QUARTZ CRYSTALS

for

• CB Synthesized • CB Standard
• General Communications

• Industry • Two- Meter

• Monitor • Scanners

• Marine VHF • Amateur Bands

DependablB USA Mfg. for

• Frequency Control

• Frequency Stability

• High Performance

JHN

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Ft Myers, Florida 33901

all Phonet (813) 936-2397

2-32 MHz RECEIVERS

AN/WRR*? TfllPLi CONVEflSIOK RECEIVEII-2-32
MHz tor reception ot SSB, upper and lower stdetiarKJ
separately or simultaneously, AM, MCW. and CW.
Tunes in 1 KHz Increments, or contlr^uoDsly. Power
required: 105-125 V, 60 Hi, 250 Watts. Stie: 26 x
22x 24": Wt,: 250 tos : Shpg Wl.. 300 lbs With
power and Rf connecting plugs aJKl wiring diagram
tor rnaktng cabtet.
AN/WRii-Z — For \m^ mountmg, l^eU,

Beparablfl S300**

AH/FflR^SdA ~^ Tun«s m &00 H7 increments or

continyously; for rack mour^ttr^. Used.

Reparable $375**

BECEIVEB — Checked, good operattori. add $100"

MANUAL with purchase of Receiver only.. . . $20**

SASEfof Daia Sheer Prices are FOB . lima, Ohio.

Please allow (or stripping charges

USE YOUR VISA Of MASTEH-CHAHGECARQi
Addfi^; Ob(«. 73 • PliOf>e:4t9/Z27«73 pt

FAIR RADIO SAL^S

IDI6 I. EUREKA ^ Sox 1105 - LIMA. OHIO - 45S02

202

THE SYSTEM 3000A TRANSCEIVER

AN ADVANCED CONCEPT IN 2M FM

Edgecam Incm proudly presents a totally new concept in aniateur radio: SYSTEM 3000A - a microcomputer -based
two-meter FM transceiver that provides you with operational flexibility found in no other transceiven Some of the
extraordinary features of SYSTEM 3000 A are:

• TWENTY FRONTPANEL-PROGRAMMABLE PRIORITY CHANNELS, Just dial in
the frequency and transmitter offset, press the Enter Switch and you're in the memory*
A battery backup is used to retain the memory when power Is removed,

*DUAL BUILT-IN SCANNERS. One for aotomaticaily tuning the the band in one or
four MHz bands, the other for scanning the priority channels. Adjustable pause from
3-10 sec.

• PRIORITY CHANNEL MONITOR so you can operate on one frequency while
periodically monitoring one or more priority channels*

• ANY TRANSMITTER OFFSET. In addition to the standard ±600 kHz, SYSTEM
3000A can be front-panel programmed to provide any transmitter offset from 5 kHz to
4 MHz.

• ADVANCED PLL SYNTHESIZER covers 144-147.995 MHz in 5 kHz steps with
electronic push-button (two-speeds) tuning.

• 25 WATTS OUTPUT. Selectable High/Low power output with adjustable low power,

• FULL TWO-YEAR WARRANTY. Every SYSTEM 3000A is warranted to be free from
defects for two years, and it is American made so servfcing is no problem,

• VERY COMPETITIVELY PRlCED-^$549.

For more delaifs on t/iase and the many other fine features of SYSTEM 3000A, see one at selected dealers or write
or phone for a brochure.

Edgecom Inc

2909 OREGON CT.-A3
TORRANCE C A 90503
(213) 533-0433

E18

203

JE:. Dumm W4NVK
Chief Engineer, Dusina Enterprises
571 Orange Aveaue W
Meiboume FL 3 2 90 J

QRM on the Moon?

- - yep, on all bands

Awhile back, I had occa*
sion to do some design
work to determine the best
frequency to be used by an
explorer using a handie-talkie
on the moon's surface. In
that work, I had to calculate
the signal levels arriving on
the moon from all known
Earth iransmitters^ to deter-
mine which frequencies were
so QRMcd that they would
be a bad choice. The results
were quite interesting in that
they showed that most fre-
quencies are already
"occupied" on the moon by
Earth QRM.

It may surprise you kilo-
watters lo learn thai your idle
chatter bombards the moon
with readable signal levels. If
there had been moon people,
they would have had tittle
problem knowing alt about
Earthlings, since they could
have merely turned on their
radios and TV sets to monitor
just about any station in the
world broadcasting on fre-
quencies above the broadcast
band. Many persons will kind
of suspect that TV signals
with their 1 megawatt effec-
tive radiated power (ERP)
might reach the moon, but
few hams whom t have talked
to even suspected that their
QSOs regularly reached the
moon.

Ham signals above 80
meters frequently reach the
moon at enough strength lo
be quite readabJe, if a receiver
up there using a decent anten*
na was tuned lo the fre-
quency. Most moderately
powered transmitters that use
di poles, which radiate appre-
ciable power straight up^
reach the moon when it is
high in the sky, providing the
ionospheric critical frequency
is low enough relative to the
transmitting frequency to
permit the signals to punch
through at high radiation
angles.

For those hams that may
be rusty on their critical fre-
quencies, Fig. 1 gives a
typical summer and winter
curve showing how these vary
versus local time. In using this
chart, remember that 12:00
local time is high noon by the
sun, reprdless of what your
clock may indicate. Study of
Fig. 1 reveals that the 40

meter signals punch through
all the time except for a
couple of hours each noon in
the winter. Eighty meters
punches through only late at
night through early morning,
and bands above 40 punch
through always.

To show the sipial levels
arriving on the moon, Fig. 2
presents their level when the
transmitter is 1 kW, and both
the Earth transmitter and the
moon receiver use ordinary
dipolc antennas. Notice that
even on the moon one cannot
escape static completely,
since the galactic noise still
prevails much stronger than
pure receiver noise. The lower
sloping curve on Fig, 2 shows
the value of galactic noise
versus frequency. To estimate
the quality of signals reaching
the moon, for example on 40
meters, consult the chart at
40m and read the received
signal level as being -97 dB
below a milliwatt (dBm). The

mm Br

*lHTEn

0 2 A 6 5 10 l£ 14 le IB to ZZ 24
LOCAL TIME

Fig. h Typical critica! frequencies.

galactic noise at 40m is about
-107 dBm, so the signal to
noise ratio will be about 10
dB in a 2 kHz SSB band-
width, which is the band-
width the chart is designed
for. This 10 dB is not a very
hot signal, but it is readable.

If antennas with vertical
gain were being used instead
of free space dipotes, such as,
for instance^ ordinary di poles
within a quarter wave of
ground, a larger signal would
prevail. For example, if a
Super Gain^ antenna was
used on each end of the link,
14 dB more gain would
result, giving a 24 dB signal to
noise ratio, which is quite
readable indeed. CW fans may
rejoice in the fact that CW
truly booms into the moon.
This is because the human ear
is equivalent to a 50 Hz effec*
tive pre-detection bandwidth,
when using a receiver with a
product detector* Therefore,
CW has a bandwidth com-
pression factor of 2000/50j
or about 40 times^ which
amounts to 1 6 dB more signal
to noise ratio over SSB voice.
ThuSj even a 1 00 Watt rig is
very readable on the moon if
CW is used.

Of course, there will still
be the usual QRM from other
hams on the same frequency,
even on the moon. However,
since beams and vertical
antennas put very little signal
straight up, those with such
antennas will not QRM the
moon, and the net result will
be much less congestion on
the moon.

The above values of signal
levels are given in dBm, which
are very familiar to all who
do serious work in commune
cations, but dBm may be
unfamiliar to many hams
whose usual jargon references
signals in the notorious S
meter system. 1 cannot con-
vert to S values, since each
receiver is different in its indi-
cation of S level, and g'oss
differences even exist
between similar units on a
production run. However, the
value of -97 dBm represents

^ See 73, Oct., 1970, pg. 8 for
description.

204

3.8 uVinaSOOimline. You
will have to calibrate your
receiver to determine what
that would be in S units on
your rig. Anyhow^ this is a
piddling signal for anyone
who would try to commijni-
cate on Earth. Earth static
and QRM are severe, and
would completety mask such
a weak signal. However, on
the moon, such a signal, small
though it is, would be above
the noise and static far
enough for useful communi-
cations.

So, you guys on the UFO
net, be advised that the ntoon
is listening^ and one would be
unwise to bad-mouth saucers,

for this might offend some
compulsive young saucer cap-
tain who may use his laser to
ionize a conducting path
between the nearest ripe
thunderhead and your anten-
na, thereby delivering a bolt
directly into the shack
creating much smoke,
reverence j and no doubt
setting some record for the
shortest though loudest

-SECErvED SIGNAL LE^L

FREE SPACt DtPOLE AMttMHA^

&i].iiCT|t NS11E
iM2MHlPECtiVf:R

m zftHi

Fig, 2- Received signa! levels on the moon in typiai/ SSB
receiver.

digital message ever sent.
Also, those who would like a
temporary respite from our
unresolvable terrestrial prob-

lems may want to contem-
plate utiat callsign the first
moon DX expedition should
have. ■

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Do a PC layout using only a
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also do a prototype using
Datak ER-2, ER-13. ER-14
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PC Techniques Booklet,
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and catalog: $1.50

TRUMBULL COMPANY

833 Baira Dr., El Cerrito, CA 94530

205

I have been a VHF enthu-
siast from the time 1 first
knew Gf the 2m band; and I
prefer mobile work most of
alt. This was to my advantage
while in the Navy, as I could
lake my QTH with me wher-
ever I might be stationed.

Now that I am a dvifian, I
decided to become more
active and help save some of
our frijquencies. In Montana
we had a great ^oup on
"two" but nowhere else in
the VHF range. So, joined by
another ham, I decided to do
some work on 450 MHz.
Since I ovm an IO230, I fell
in [ove with the lC-30a when
I saw it. We both bought a
unit at a great savings through
the local dealer to help get
our 450 effort off to a good
starts

Since 1 owned a Pinto, I
didn't really have the room
for both rigs or two antennas,
so I was always with one rig
or the other. I soon tired of
this ordeal (and decided to
help the economy too) and
bought myself a new Dodge
van. Now this was big enough
to hold my iC-230, IO30a
and my scanner, with enough
roof to make the thing look
like a porcupine. After
weighing many options, I
decided to make a shelf above
the sun visors, since none of
the rigs were more than two
inches thick. I spent one
whole weekend drilling holes*
filing, sawing and having a
great lime. I then stood back
and was pleased with what i
saw. From left to right, the
shelf was occupied by the
IC-30a, the IG230, the
discriminator meter and,
finally, the scanner. I still had
plenty of room for a 6 meter
or 220 rig in the future, I
used the mounting hardware
that came with the Icom
gear, I put wood screws
through the two holes in the
clamps and affixed them to
the shelf. I thought this way
they were solid, but could be
taken out if they ever failed
(my first mistake).

Having never had any ham
gear stolen, even in Cali-
fornia, I didn't think about it.
But I did always lock all the

Richard F. Heivey WB6THJ

77. J J 1 CaUrornia Ave., ApL B-1 2

Paim Desert QA 92260

Filcher Foiler

Car Alarm

- - car door operated

doors when I was away. Then

1 came out Saturday morning
(one week later) to find my
van raped and my IC-30a
savagely ripped away from
the sheif* The power and
speaker cords were cut, but
not the antenna, which had a
slip on fitting since the
50*239 was metric. Once I
got over the shock, I put out
a QST (A general call to
hamSj not a magazine. — Ed.)
on 2 meters to let them know
what happened- In a daze, t
then called the police and
went through all the paper-
work,

I made up my mind right
then that this was not going
to happen again. I called a
few places inquiring about
alarm systems. The prices
varied from $80 to $1 50 for a
complete job. I then gathered
up my ham pride and decided
I could build one for less
money- After about ten

minutes of head scratching, I
came up with the circuit in
Fig, L It is very simple and
the total cost of parts came

to about $25 to $30, All
parts can be bought at Radio
Shack except the door

switches- They are the ''dome
light" type and must be
bought at an auto parts store
for about 79^ each. If any
door is opened the relay ener-
gizes and latches, putting plus
battery to the noise maker.
The only way to turn it off is
to come to the vehicle and
turn the key switch off. The
relay I bought wasn't the best
and needed some adjustment
before it would quit buzzing
and latch like it should. This
part should be the best
money can buy, as it's the
heart of the system.

Since my van was new, it
was a simple matter to install
the door jam switches. Run
the wires to a common

IMMR

POOH Y'

SNTTCMk

MAlffl^

^^P.

KEY StVltCH

switch bus terminal, wire up
the relay and mount the key
switch. A mercury switch
coufd be added so that if the
vehicle is even bumped the
alarm will go off. 1 now had a
system ready to let me know
if anyone got in. But how
could I slow them down if
they did get in?

The best way to come up
with a solution is to think
like a thief and figure out
what would make it hard to
take something. First, the
nice mounting for the Icom
gear had to go, I took the
radio apart and found I had a
lot of room inside near the
front. So, I bought some
"stove bolts" and drilled
holes through the shelf and
the bottom panel of the
!C-230 case. With this bolted
to the shelf, I put the radio
back together around this
bottom paneL This way, the
thief would have to ^ke the
time to take the radio apart
and, if he wanted the bottom
panel, he would have to
unbolt it. To do this, he
would have to take the shelf
down from the six flat iron
brackets that hold it in place,
with three screws through
each of those. I did the same

206

with my discriminator meter,
but my scanner was another
problem. There wasn't any
roo m for stove bo I ts, so I put
four wood screws through the
bottom panel into the shelf
with huge washers (2 inches
across) under the counter-
sunk screw head. I then put
the scanner back together
around this bottom panel*

It took me a half an hour
to assremble the radios onto

the shelf and put the shelf
back into the van. I am sure
that if they want them badly

enough there is a way, but
my arrangement should cer-
tainty slow them down-
As someone once said, '*an

ounce of prevention is better
than a pound of cure/" so
naturally I had the van
insured for everything, I
found out that I should get
all but the $25 deductible
back from my insurance com-
pany. I had had the IC-230
individually insured but
hadn't yet done so for the
IC-30a. If so, I would be
getting the total value back, I

found out from my agent
that, with the measures I
had taken^ there was no
question about insuring
a^jainst theft with a blanket
policy "covering everything
that's in the van at the time/'
This is at about the same cost
as the single policy 1 now
have on the IG230.

Since there are a few of us
who would rather run these
'Vice box rigs" instead of
commercial gear, and since
the rigs look a lot like CB
rigs, we most do what we can

to keep these nice rigs from
being borrowed by our
*'break in" brothers. I hope
what I have done might help
at least one fellow ham hold
onto what he has saved for
years to buy and enjoy, ■

Be sure to include a mercury
switch attached to the hood
if your v€hide*s battery is
accessible without entering
the passenger compartment
Thieves have been f^nown to
clip battery leads to disable
alarm systems. — Ed.

Steve Zawacfcj WAl UUK

l&l-CShiiohSt.

Fort Devens MA 01433

Quick Deviation Meter

- - for the IC-22A

Sooner or later a 2m FMer
will find a need for a
fairly reliable deviation
meter. As is the case with
most test gear, the cost of a
commercially-prepared devia-
tion meter doesn't make it a
justifiable expense for the
casual user.

However, being strong on
need, yet weak in resources,
an inexpensive deviation
meter became a must for me.
Going on the philosophy that
a deviation meter is nothing
more than a stable FM re-
ceiver with a visual readout, I
took my trusty 10-22 A and a

C»2

VTVM and experimented. As
a result, here's a quick and
easy modification to an
IC-22A which will allow for
deviation measurement of
other 2m FM trwsmitters.

Connect one end of a
9-inch length of #22 in-
sulated wire to the junction
of D2 and R43, located in the
ratio detector circuit Con-
nect the other end of the wire
to any open terminal on the
accessory plug (Fig. 1),

Obtain, through any legiti-
mate means, a VTVM with a
1 volt range and an rf probe

(I used a Hewlett-Packard
41 OB and had excellent re*
suits). Attach the common
lead to any ground point on
the IC-22A. Plug the tip of
the rf probe into the slot in
the accessory plug which
matches to the terminal now
connected to the D2/R43
junction (Fig, 2), Turn on the
IC-22A, and tune to any
reasonably active frequency.
Engage the squelch, so no
noise is heard when no signal
is present.

Now, turn on your VTVM,
let it warm up, and set it for
ac, 3 volt range. Youll notice

i(C-2^A

CLIP

COHHO*!

Fig* h

Fig, 2.

that, when no signal is pre-
sent, a fairty stable voltage of
approximately T2 volts will
be present When an unmodu-
lated signal is received, the
voltage dips to roughly 0.8
volts* As modulation is
applied to the signal, the volt-
age may then vary from ap-
proximately 0.8 to 1.0 volts.

In order to observe the
variable voltage betterj
change the VTVM range con-
trol to its 1 volt position.
Now, during a period of un-
modulated signal input, ad-
just the meter setting to "0"
or "center/* whichever suits
you best. As a result, when
modulation ts applied to the
input signali a meter move-
ment following the pattern of
the modulation will be ob-
served. The observed moduta-
tion pattern will conform to
the deviation of the input
signal

It is now necessary to
compare meter readings to
known deviations. I have
found that on my 1C-22A,
utilizing a regulated 13.6 V
dc supply, a peak deviation of
5 kHz will cause a peak volt*
age reading of 0.2 volts from
my adjusted *'0" setting.
However, this may vary
slightly on different lC-22As,
depending on power supply
stability, component ac-
curacy, etc.

When using this quickie
deviation meterj make sure
that the input signal is not
strong enough to desense the
1C-22A. Also, be sure to
measure deviation on a sim-
plex frequency, not through a
repeater, •

207

I've been doing a lot of
experimenting with minia-
ture solid state receivers the

]ast few years and in most
cases have stuck with single
12 volt power supplies just in
case I should want to use
batteries at some time. Most
of the ICs I use are designed
for nominal 12 volt opera-
tion, and when a few op amps
are sprinkled into the circuit,
I generally offset the output
to 6 volts by biasing the
non -in verting input with a
couple of resistors and ac
coupling everything. This is
common practice and in nnost
cases quite satisfactory*

Then I became intrigued
with the idea of using a PLL
in one of my designs, but the
NE551 needed at least 13
volts for satisfactory opera-
tion. Besides the PLL, I had
several 741 op amps in the
audio and age circuits whose
performance could be
improved by the use of dual
polarity supplies. An ac sup-
ply capable of providing 3
voltages was no problem, but
battery operation would call
for a converter of some kind.

In the past I've built my
share of dc to dc converters
using saturating cores and
switching transistors, but it
seemed I always had a terrible
time taming these beasts.
Tremendous spikes would
show yp on the output and
cause all kinds of problems in
the equipment being powered
by this pulse generator. This
time I decided to cut out the

lUy MegiriBn K4DHC
606 SE 6th Avenue
Deeineld Beach FL 53441

Build a Noise 'free

Power Supply

- avoid spikes with sine waves

l£ V

BATTiftTr

problem rather than try to
cure it* Instead of the cus-
tomary square waves, I
thou^t Vd start with a pure
sine wave and use an audio
amplifier to build up the level
to a value suitable for feeding
into a power transformer,

The idea worked quite
nicely and a schematic for the
converter is shown in Fig. 1,
The majority of the receiver
circuits operated from 12
volts and were fed directly
from the battery. The NE561
was run off the +15 output
and the op amps from both

outputs. My circuit drew
about 5 mA from each out-
put, but as much as 10 mA
should be possible.

All kinds of chokes and
transformers were tried in the
oscillator tank circuit, but
eventually it was found that a
hand wound pot core induc-
tor worked best- The pot
cores I used were obsolete
Ferroxcube parts, but similar
units should work as we

EE ttKTl

9ft

TRIM

ifr

ADJUST
FOB

TRANSISTOR OuTfUT
Tf^&N 5 FORMER

/tr

^COM

/T?

Fig. h Schematic for the spfke-free power supply.

Mine are about 3/8" in diam-
eter and 5/16" thick with

both halves assembled. Mate-
rial is Ferroxcube 3C. The
bobbin was wound with 800
tLjrns of #44 magnet wire. On
a homemade bridge , the
inductance checked out
around 700 millihenries. In
the power supply the oscil-
lator frequency is around 900
Hz.

An LM380N audio ampli-
fier IC is used to drive the
voice coil side of a standard
500 Ohm to 3.2 Ohm output
transformer, I used Radio
Shack #273-1379. The bridge
rectifier is one of the small
plastic units about the size of
a TO-5 transistor case. The
transformer center tap is
grounded and the dual polar-

ity voltages taken from either
side of the bridge. Output
level is set by the 5k vertical
trimmer which controls drive
to the LM380, This control
should be set with the load
connected. All decimal value
capacitors are 50 volt discs
and the rest are electrolytics.
Resistors are Va Watt carbon.
The silicon diode may be a
1N914 or any other type
used for switching or general
purposes. Other JFETs will
work in most cases as the
oscillator transistor, just
make sure you get the right
pins in the right holes since
not all packages have the
same pinouts.

Tests made with ±15 volts
out and 10 mA load on each
supply showed a maximum
ripple of 15 mV peak to
peak. At 5 mA loads, the
ripple dropped to 8 mV peak
to peak, input current from
the 1 2 volt source was 85 mA
and 55 mA respectively. This
is not particularly good effi-
ciency, but at these low levels
it was of no great conse-
quence. The 900 Hz hum was
just about audible with the
receiver quiet but normally
was lost under background
noise.

208

Fig, 2. PC board layout and
parts hcation as viewed from
copper side.

The PC board layout and
parts placement are shown in
Fig. 2. The board is 23"
square. The pot core inductor
was potted in a cylindrical
form after winding and pro*
vided with 2 radial leads for
insertion into the PC board.
A finished inductor and un-
drjlled board are available
from me for $5 including
(K>$tage/"

1^^^^^"^

O O 9 Q O O O

LM380fi

0 0 0-40 O O

CDAKIT

Now stocks AMPHENOL!

P.O. Box lOI-A ' Oumont, N. J. 07(28

C21

•>.-.-.vv^-.-.-.-:--^'i"^-'3'-j-^."'.-.-.-.'-:'V-'-'.
--.■.■■. - ','.yy_.yrjyyi'- ■_- - -.\ .■.■.\

r-T'^:-:-: oyi^-^f^y^

^■ff you're i

S^s:

ki!

'/>»:-:■ ■■•-■•

AdlroMlaek
has it!

gAET ''"•°

A^ Supply

ateur Headquarters for the Northeast

185-191 West Mam Street • PO Box 88
Amsterdam, N Y 120m Tel [5181 842-8350
Just 5 minutes from N.Y. Ttiruway — Exrl 27

•Jv You asked for it!

A S70,0a digital multimeter kft

Now there'^s just no excuse for not
having a digital muttlmeter at our low
price. Our unit is based on the famous
$29.95 DVM kit you have heard about
and has the following featurMt

DC volts: Better than 0.1% ac-
curacy. Reads 0 to 1200 volts in 4
ranges

AC volts: Better than 0.3% aa
curacy. Reads 0 to 750 volts
RI\/lS/4 ranges

Ohms: Better than 0.2% accuracy.
Reads from 0 ohms to 20 megs

You get all parts indudlng dual trackirtg,
AC power supply, laser trimmed reference,
and thick film attenuator*

CA rea. add toac. Ph. Ijic, S3. 95 for postage
kandiing.

As j/Hffrt Hr have caJibnitiofi and repair serricc

Gary McClellan and Co, Box 2085

nil 1001 W. Impf rial Hwy.

^* ' La Habra CA 90631

209

Robert ViJJascngo

309 Irvington

San Anionio TX 78209

Surplus Goodies

- - are they really for you?

The question of whether
or not government
surplus is for the Novice
deserves a simpie answer, but
an unqualified answer cannot
be given, tt resembles the
questioni "Should you build
or buy?" The answer depends
on the ability of the Novice,
Generally, the Surplus market
Is not for the Novice, The
best advice is to look, but
don't buy. It sounds easy, but
surplus is sometimes difficult
to leave alone. Many of the
new units can't be utilized in
their present forms, but they
look so pretty that il is nor-
mally assumed a useful con-
version is possible*

Leave it alone. Especially
if you do not have the loot to
play with. If you are lucky
enough to become a Novice
already possessing the
knowledge and skills of an
electronic technician, the
value of the surplus will be
apparent.

Another deterrent to buy-
ing government surplus is the
new Novice regulations
governing power and fre-
quency controL Two hundred
fifty Watts is unusual in mili-
tary equipment. Most units
are rated much lower in their
outputs and are seldom worth
the money if any thought is

given to upgrading your
license in the future. Yet the
outlay of several hundred
dollars to obtain one of the
late model transceivers is not
the wisest of moves if you
consider the possibility of
losing interest in amateur
radio before advancing to a
higher stage in the license
process.

Assuming the interest Is
there but the money isn't, at
least one surplus buy may be
in order: a receiver. Check
the bank account and see if
you have ten or fifteen dol-
lars that can be used for a trip
to the nearest surplus or junk
dealer that has government
surplus materials in stock. Do
not be influenced by the
prices advertised by the many
mail-order houses that dwell
on the misinformed non-
technical Novice. Keep in
mind that you can spend a
bunch of green for a great
receiver that will provide fea-
tures you won't find anyplace
else. I would recommend that
you do so if it's affordable.
There are many available at
any price you would like to
pay*

One of the most important
steps to take before visiting
the local surplus house or

yard is to familiarize yourself
with surplus equipment that
has been used in amateur
service during the past thirty
years. Careful scanning of the
catalogs issued by several of
the surplus mail-order houses
and, if they are available, old
copies of various ham maga-
zines can supply a great deal
of information. There are a
few units still available from
Worid War II that require
very little, if any, con version.
A recent trip to the local
surplus dealer to buy a piece
of angle iron for a certain
project turned up something
more and is a common occur*
rence. Digging through
towering piles of so-called
funk left out in the weather, I
found several old BC 342
receivers and ARR 7 re-
ceivers* The covers were in
bad shape . . . paint flaking,
mildew, and other indigna-
tions that had been thrust
upon them by the years of
bad weather and the rough
handling thai is apparent in a
junk yard. Producing one of
the small screwdrivers that I
normally carry on my salvage
trips, I had one of the re-
ceivers open in a flash. Every-
thing was intact and spotless
on the inside. The junker
wanted ten bucks for the four

receivers, two BC 342s and

two ARR 7s. 1 offered him
five and he settled on six if I
took them all. 1 did.

The BC 342 is a big piece
of reliable iron with tubes. It
lacks many refinements but it
will get you to 18 MHz, just
short of 15 meters. It is
better used as a general cover-
age radio, although many
have been used in amateur
service. It is one of the few
that will operate uncon-
verted.

The ARR 7 is a military

version of the old Halli-
crafters SX'28 modified to
conform with most aircraft
equipment of Worid War II.
All the controls were moved
to the end of the chassis so
that the radio could be
inserted lengthwise into the
aircraft. The addition of an
audio output transformer, a
power supply^ and a couple
of wiring changes can provide
an excellent and inexpensive
way to listen in on alt the
activity from the broadcast
band to above ten meters
(.5542 MHz). There have
been later models but, as with
most equipment, the price
goes up along with the later
release date. And sometimes
it isn't as good in quality.

These are just two exam-
ples of what you can find if
you do a little digging-

If you are like most who
develop an interest in ama«
teur radio, one of the first
events that takes place is
making friends with that guy
down the street who has the
wires hanging ail over his
house. If he is a do-it-your-
selfer^ you will learn some-
thing from him and he can
give you a big assist in buy-
ing, building, or modifying
existing equipment.

Besides a telegraph key,
you can pick up a low power
surplus transmitter that will
perform satisfactorily. Con-
trary to the '*power mongers"
that are graduating from the
CB ranks (if the shoe fits), it
really isn't necessary for
Novice operators to have a
large transmitter output. The
increase from a maximum 75
to 250 Watts input was

2t0

apparently an attempt at
appeasing manufacturers of
equipment under the guise of
providing an **extra" for the
Novice. If the main interest is
learning and increasing code
speed, power isn't going to
help. Fifty Watts more or less
will do the job. There are
many used commercial
models selling for twenty or
thirty dollars. Some for less.
Most of these are crystal-
controlled, which is the
biggest drawback. A VFO
(variable frequency oscillator)
which allows the operator to
dial the transmitting fre*
quency fs probably the one
late improvement that nul-
lifies the increase in power. If
your signa! is covered by a
stronger station, a simple
twist of the wrist and you can
transmit somewhere else on
the band*

With the addition of a
transmitter, the one item that
remains is an antenna. Several
things wil( determine what
your antenna requirements
will be. The length of an

eighty meter dipole in most
cases makes it a difficult
antenna to install. Since the
main objective is to keep the
cost down, the most logical is
a dipole. Not only will this be
less expensive, but also the
results that are obtained are
more satisfying. The prob-
lems involved are mainly with
the area needed to install a
piece of wire in the length
required. If you intend to
operate at night only, then
you can eliminate the pos-
sibility of ten and fifteen
meters and concentrate on
putting up a little over sixty
feet of wire- I personally
preferred fifteen meters due
to lack of noise, less crowds,
and less room needed for the
antenna. Regardless of which
band you choose, you still
have to have the antenna-

A unit that has been on
the surplus market for years
and is now obsolete contains
the ingredients plus quite a
few little odds and ends that
you can have fun with. The
old CRT'3 (Gibson Girl) sur-

Best for beginners . . . preferred by pro's!

NYE ViKllUG SPEED-X

1^ ^^ Model 114-310-003

$8.75

One of 6 models^
all sure-handed . ..
smooth operating
. . . priced from
$6.95*

NYE VIKING SUPER SQUEEZE KEY

Fast, comfortable, easy . . , and fun!

Model SSK-t (shown)

$23.95

Model SSK-3 (has
sub-base to hold
any SPEED-X Key).

$26,95

Whether you Ye a "brass pounder' or a "Side swiper'
insist on the sure, smooth feet, and the long-lasting
quatfty that is built into every NYE VIKING KEY.

By the man^aciurer af NYE VIKING Low Pass
Fillers, Phone Patch&s and Antenna fm-
pedence-matchmg Tjners.

Avatlabte at leading dealers or write

WM, M. NYE COMPANY, INC.

t614 - t30lh Ave. N.E., Beilevue. WA 98005 ^4

vivat radio transmitter can be
found in almost any junk

yard. If you don't know what
one looks like, and you
missed seeing Robert Taylor
use one in the World War U
movie, "Bataan," I shall try
to describe one* In kit form it
comes in a canvas bag with a
lot of accessories: balloons,
kite, hydrogen generators,
telegrapher's key, parachute
material, and antennas.
Usually the transmitter is
found without the acces-
sorles, and can be bought as
scrap meuL It has a kidney
shape with a folded hand-
crank- There is a door on the
front case that contains a
fully prepared reel of
stranded copper wire- If it is a
junk unit, the reel is easily
removed. It may cost you
two or three dollars at the
most.

Any other '* buys'* of
surplus gear would be a waste
of money. Many of the items
carried by the surplus dealers
are truly bargains^ but not for
the Novice, Some test equip-

ment and other units can save
you a bunch of money at a
later time when knowledge
and experience overtake the
desire to proceed to higher
goals in amateur radio. This
not only applies to the
Novice, but also to the older
group that is presently
migrating into amateur radio.

With the equipment listed
or other government surplus
units, you can get on the air
inexpensively and find out if
amateur radio is really for
yoU- There are many ways to
equip the Novice station. This
has been but one. There are
other pieces of surplus that
can be utilized without con-
version, but the price elimi-
nates the equipment from the
bargain category.

The simplest method is to
avoid surplus as a Novice, It
will save you time and
money, ■

Author's note; The December,
1962, issiie of 73 featured a con-
version anicie by James M.
Stueber W5UOZ, It/s one of the
most complete ARR7 conver-
sions avaitable.

We have a portable direction finder that REALLY works— on

AM, FM, pulsed signals and random noisel Unique left-right
DF allows you to take accurate bearings even on short bursts,
with no 180° ambiguity. Its 3 dB antenna ^in and .06 uV
typical DF sensitivity allow this crystal-controlled unit to hear
and positively track a weak signal at very long ranges-while
built-in RF gain control with 120 dB range permits DF to
within a few feet of the transmitter.

The DF is battery-powered, can be used with accessory
antennas, and is 12/24V for use in vehicles or aircraft. This is a
factory -built, guaranteed unit— not a kit. It has been successful
in locating malicious interference, as well as hidden ^ans*
mitters in "T^hunts/' ELTs, and noise sources in RFl
situations.

Prices start at under $175. Write or catl for information on our
complete line of portable, airborne, vehicle, and fixed DF
systems. _

6546 Cathedral 0»kf Rd,, ^^

Santa Baf tiara, C A 93 1 11

305 967-4859 LTO

211

ebCAH

THAT SPECIAL GIFT

YOUR

PRIDE OF

ACCOMPLISHMENTS

PROUDLY DISPLAYED

A PiUficr SEPUCA Of youff ucense i ACCOMPusHmBms

IN Pf IVTfR TOl^f ALUMiHUm MOUNTED ON SOtID WALNUT.

idt'jy^

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.<11*

uctNSi uisMf mm

SOtiD WAINUI 6XS
SHJPPfNC CHARGE W^

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WD8IYX

I - -

MJJfA--- .-^ ^^

ACHIEVE MEN! DlSPLAr &?9 &0

SOUD WAIMUT 11X14
SKIPPINC [IHARGt SW5

Wf fcaliic that sorrve things cinnot be
repbtfd. All mitcri*! sent to us is cue-
iuUy h«ndEed and retitinc^ intaci with
your order Unlike pkstit lamJnition.
etching md rngriving. s]l>i«t to djmage
in their pfoccss by heit^ wrip-iround
cylinder!, etc, our proems is rntirely
photDgnpliic itxd CAfieiot hirtn the mo«t
fragile documtnt. And . . yt^ti KUtn
the ori|iiul.

SENO YOUfl LlCENSt OR API LXCIUI?<T PHOIO COPf

FOR AN ACCOMPLISHMINT PlAQUf SEND A COPY Of !ACH HCt^Sl |

m\mm ma be flETuRNto with your order '

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CHLCI DR money OROEHStNT WITH ORDER WE PAv SHIPPING CMAHCES'

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^BEHIND THE ^lAL

Get more fun out of shortwave

listening with this interesting

guide to raceivars^ antennas,

frequencies, and tnterferenca.

^y Bob Grove

the order card In the back of this magazina or itenu^e your ords on a separate
piece of paper and mail to:

73 Radio Bookshop • Peterborough NH 03458

(B& sure to mdude check or detailed credit card information.} ^

212

PRE AMPS

HIGH GAIN • LOW NOISE

30 dB poiver gam, 2-5 3-0
de N.F, at 150 MHi, 2
stage. R.F. protectad,
dual-gat« MOSf ET5. Man-
ual gain control and pro-
vision for AGC. 4-3/8" x
1-7/8'* X 1-3/S" aluminum case with power
twitch and your chtoica of BNC or RCA
recflptacles. Available factory tuned to the
frequency of yotir choice from 5 MHz to 350
MH2 with appro?<Smatelv 3% bandwidth. Up
to 10% B.W. available on special order.
Requires 12 VDC @ 10 mA.

Model 201 price (5-200 MHz) $29.95

201-350 MHz , , . , , $34.95

CONVERTERS

2 METERS
Thit converter has a
mJniniLim of 20 dB gain
ancl a noise figure of
2.5 3.0 dB which
assures you of a senti-
tivity of .1 microvolt or
better. The circuit uies

a dual gate MOSFET R.F. stage and a duat-
gate MOSFET mfxar (thereby giving you a
minimum of cross-modulation products)^ 6
tuned circuits, a bipolar oscillator and .005%
crystal. Covers 144-146 MHz at 28-30 MHz
output with one crystal included and 146-143
MHz at 28-30 MHz with ar^ extra crystal
(available for $6.00 more). The glass epoxy
circuit board is enclo^d in a 16 gauge
aiuminum case measuring 3-1/2" x 2-1/4*' x
1-1/4'* with your choice of either BNC or
RCA receptacles. Also inclyded is a powar
and antenna switch. Requires 12 VDC @ IS
mA. The converter is alto avattable at othdir
input and output frequencies. Call us for
prjce&. PRICE: Model C-V44-A avaHable from
stock at $39.9 5 with one crystal. Additional
crystai $6.00 extra.

HF & VHF

40 dB GAIN 2,5 3.0

N.F.@150IVtHz

2 Rf stages with trafi-
sient protected dual-
gate MOSFETS give
this converter the high
gain and low noise you
need for receiving very
weak signals. The mixer
stage Is also a dual-gate
MOSFET as it greatly reduces spurious mixing

SYNTHESIZERS

FOR ALL TRANSCEIVERS

The STR series syn-
thesizers are available
for any transceiver
operating from 20 MHi
to 475 MHz that uses
crystals in the 5 to 85
MHz range. It has a

thumbwheel dial calibrated for your operating
frequency plus a selectable transmit offset of
plus or minus 600 kHz, plus or niinuis 1 MHz,
and 2 spare offsets that you can add later.
Frequency accuracy is ,0005% and spurious
output$ are 60 to 70 dB down* To process
your order we must have the crystst formula
of your transmit and receive crystals^ If your
transceiver uses 1 crystal for both trans-
mitting and feceivtn9 {like the Motorola
Metrun^ II), you can u$e our receive synthe
sizer de^ribed to the right. Maximum tuning
range per synthesizer is 10 MHz above 100
MHz and proportionally less at lower frequen-
cies. Dial Fncremients are in I kHz steps from
5 to 30 MHz and 5 kHz steps above.
Model STR synthesizer price

^-i oU INn r*! Z ^ .... .*< k*A.*>at*iiw 9^0^i9 9
1 51 -475 MHz , $279.95

yanauard
§aBs

196*23 Jamaica Awe.
HollisNY 11423
(212^ 468-2720

VJUlOiUICO

EXTRA LOW NOISE

ExceMent for weather satel-
lite reception and recom-
mended by Dr. Ralph E-
Tag^art in his Weather
Satellite Handbook. Less
than 2 dS noise figure and
approximately 17 dB gain. Uses a low noise
J'FET in a common source neutralized cir-
cuit. Available factory tuned to your choice
Of frequency from 135 MHz to 250 MHz-
Bandwidth approximately 4 MHz, Supplied in
a 2-1/4" X 1-1/8" X 1-3/8" die-cast aluminum
weather-proof case with a filter for powering
it through the antenna. Requires 12 VDC (P 5
mA. Choice of VHF, type "N'\ or BNC
receptacles.
Mode) 102W PRICE .,..,. S36.95

products — some by as much as 1O0 d8 over

that obtained with bipolar mixers. A bipolar
oscillator using 3rd or 5th overtone plug-in
crystals is followed by a harmonic bandpass
filter, and where necessary an additional
amplifier is used to assure the correct amount
of drive to the mixer. Available in your choice
of input frequencies from 5-350 MHz and
with any output you choose with en this range.
The usable bandwidth is approximately 3% of
the input frequency with a maximum of 4
MHz. Wider bandwJdths are available on
special order. Although any frequency com-
bination is possible (Including converting upj
best results are obtained if you choose an
output frequency not more than 1/3 nor less
than 1/20 of the input frequency. Enclosed in
a 4-3/8" X 3" x 1-1/4" aluminum cas« with
power and antenna transfer switch and your
choice of BNC or RCA receptacles. Requires
12 VDC @ 25 mA.
Model 40 7 A price:
5-200 MHz *,..-_-,,........,,,. $54.95

201 -360 MHz . _ . . . , S59.95

Prices include .005% crystai. Additional
crystals S3. 95 ea.

UHF

20dBIVt1N. GAIN
3T0&dBMAX N.F.
This model is similar in
appearance to our
Model 407 A but uses 2
low noise J-FETS in
our specially designed
Rf stage which is tuned
with high-Q miniature

trimmers. The mixer is a special dual-gate
MOSFET made by RCA to meet our require

FOR VHF RECEIVERS

This synthestzer has
8000 channels and can
tune a continuous 40
MHz segment of your
choice from 110-180
MHz in 5 kHz steps.
This will satisfy most of

your requirements in the VHF range and can
save you hundreds of dollars in crystals plus a
lot of time. Stock units are programmed for
receivers with the crystal formula Fc « Fs
-10.7 dtvided by 3 but we can program It
to almost any other IF at no additional cost
at the time of your order. It is supplied with
on interface for plugging in to your existing
crystal socket. Requires 12 VDC @ 1/2 amp
which is easily obtainable from a low cost
power supply. The synthesizer has 4 voltage
regulators therelore the power supply need
not be regulated. Phase noise is not detectable
as the VCO is coarse tuned by a DAC thereby
easing the requirements of the phase-locked
loop. Not affected by vibrations encountered
in mobile use. Enclosed in an 8" x 3 7/8" x
1-1/2'* aluminum case and supplied with a
combination tilt stand/mobile mounting
bracket.
price- Model SR 1400 05 ........ . $179.95

NOTE: We can make any synthesizer from
audio to 475 MHz, Call us for prices.

UHF
3 TO 5 dB MAX. N.F.
20 dB MiN. POWER GAIN
Uses 2 of Tl's low noise
J-FETS in our special
circuit board design which
gives a minimym of 20 dB
power gain at 450 MHz.
Stability Is such that you
can have mismatched loads without It oscil-
lating and you can retuna (using the capped
openings in tha case) over a 15-20 MHz range
simply by peaking the maximum signal Avail-
able tuned to the frequency of your choice
between 300-550 MHz. 4-3/8" x 1-7/8*' x
1 -3/S" aluminum case with power switch artd
your choice of BNC or RCA receptacles.
Requires 1 2 VDC @ 10 mA.
Model 202 price ...._...,.,,,,.. . $34^95

ments. < it^ oscillator uses 5th overtone
crystals to reduce spurious responses and
make potiible fewer muHipiiers in the oscilla-
tor chain which uses 1200 MHz bipolars for
maximum efficiency. Available with your
choice of Input frequencqes from 3O0-5S0
MHz and output frequencies from 14-220
MHz. Usable bandwidth is about 1% of the
input frequency but can be easily retuned to
cover more, Requires 12 VDC @ 30 mA*

Model 408 price . * , , k . , ^ . ♦ $59.95

,005% crystal included

.$149.95
. $159,95

VHF RECEIVER

11 crysLai controlled
channels. Available in
your choice of frequen-
cies from 136 250 MHz
in any one segment
from 14 MHz wide.
I.F. bandwidth (chan-
nel selectivity) available in your choice of
±7-5 kHz or Xl 5 kHz. 8 pole quartz filter and
a 4-pole ceramic filter gives more than 80 dB
rejection at 2X chanriet bandwidth. Phase
locked loop detector. Frequency trimmers for
each crystal. *2 to .3 microvolt for 20 dB
quieting. Dual -gate MOSFETS and integrated
circuits. Self-contained speaker and external
speaker jack. Mobile mount and tilt stand.
Atuminum case, 6" x 7*' x 1 -3/8*'.
Model FMR 260-PL price:

135-180 MHz . - ,

181-260 MHz

Price includes one .001% crystal. Additional
crystals $8.95 ea. This receiver is recom-
mended In Dr, Taggart*s Weather Satellite
Handbook.

HOW TO ORDER: AM items on this page are
available only from Vanguard Labs, For re-
ceivers and converters state model, input and
output frequencies, and bandwidth where
applicable. For the fatest service call (212)
468-2720 between 9 AM and 4 PM Monday
through Friday, except holidays. Your order
can be shipped COD by Air Parcel Post.
BY MAIL: Send your order to Vanguard
Labs. 196 23 Jamaica Avenue. Hotlis, NY
11423 and Include remittarice by postal
money order, cashiers check or certified
check. Personal checks are also accepted, but
banks fiovv require 3 weeks for checks to
clear, therefore this will delay your order.
Include sales tax if you reside in New York

PURCHASE ORDERS: We accept puTchase
orders from US and Canadian government
agencies, universities, and AAA rated corpora-
tions. Our terms are Net 30 days.
FOREIGN ORDERS: Must remit payment in
full in US funds ptus postage and insurance
fees. If complicated customs forms are re-
quired, please forward your order to an
import-export agent.

SHIPPING: We ship all our merchandise by
insured parcel post or air mail. Special de-
livery is also available. Prices include shipping
by regular parcel post if you remit with your
order. For air mail shipping add $1.00.
Postage will be added on all CODs, purchase
orders, and foreign orders^

213

Don Kmth N4KC
462 Fjdg^woQd Ave.
Fairfidd AL 55064

Try

New Mode!

-- don't let boredom strike

I know exactly how it was.
You snatched that

Gettysburg-posimarked en-
velope out of the postman's
hand, not even giving him a
chance to give you the bills
and junk mail, lit a streak
down the basement steps, and
had the filaments warming up
while you tore into the thing.
And there it was — your own
amateur license, complete
with totally unpronounceable
call letters^ indecipherable
signature, and of a size so it
wouldn't fit your wallet, no
matter how you folded it. In
short, It was beautiful !

Then you made that first
contact, hand jerking spas-
modically on the key, sweat
dripping off the end of your
nose onto the logbook. And
from there, you fell deeper
and deeper into the euphoria
of amateur radio,

It could be now, though,
that you've cooled down a
bit Call it the sophomore
slump, the ch i I d-and-h is -new-
toy syndrome, or whatever,
but you've reached a point
where you don't really want
to talk about the weather
with that guy in California or

get another 579 from New
jersey. You find "Starsky
and Hutch" more interesting
than a dead fifteen meter
band. And when the ice
storm gels your dtpole, you
keep forgetting to put it back
up.

Recognize your symp-
toms?

There are two ways you
can go now. Sit there,
molting, and let your hobby,
rig, and license go down the
tubes. Or use a little imagi-
nation^ inject some excite-
ment back into amateur
radio, and have the time of
your life — even more fun
than when you tore into that
envelope from Gettysburg.

I'll bet we've all heard
about the fellows who
dropped out, letting their
licenses lapse, blaming it on
"twenty meters went to the
dogs," or **l couldn't get my
code up for the General," or
*1 was just so busy down at
the office," With lame ex-
cuses like that, no wonder
they couldn't muster up any
imaginative ways to get some
life back into their hobby.

If you will just stop to
think about it, you can

probably come up with many
ways to perk up your enthu-
siasm, and most of them can
be accomplished sitting right
there in front of the rig. Can't
think of any? Read on!

Have you ever checked
into a traffic net or relayed a
message from a homesick
serviceman back home to his
Folks? One of the biggest
thrills you can have is to hear
a tearful mother's voice on
the telephone thanking you
for letting her know her son
or daughter has survived an
earthquake. I know from
personal experience what
satisfaction it is to allow a
missionary in a remote South
American jungle speak with
his family back home. The
day-to-day handling of formal
messages on the ham bands
involves hundreds of ama-
teurs in 3 valuable public
service activity.

You can find the nets in
your area by listening or by
sending a self-addressed,
stamped envelope, 6" x 9" or
larger, to the American Radio
Relay League, requesting the
net directory. The procedures
used can be quickly learned
by listening or by reading

several ARRL publications
which are available* There are
also many slow speed or
Novice nets, which offer a
great introduction to traffic
handling (and some super
code practice, too).

Phone patching requires
listening and volunteering
when appropriate (and, of
course, a patch!). The Mili-
tary Affiliate Radio System
(MARS) offers many a
chance to perform a public
service.

There are also plenty of
special interest nets and
round tables. Some specialize
in assisting mobile operators,
relaying traffic to missionary
personnel or to ships at sea.
Some are for physicians to
assist in medical problems in
remote areas. Whether you're
interested in politics^ religiofi,
parapsychology, ecology, or a
technical discussion, you can
find somebody with similar
interests, either by simply
listening, or by watching for
blurbs in the radio magazines.
You mi^t even send one in
yourself. There are even
professional group nets, such
as attorneys, post office
employees, and the like^ who
get on the air, not to just talk
shop, but to share similar
interests and experiences.

Like to play a little chess?
There are many games and
activities which lend them-
selves well to amateur radio.
It may be a simple ^me of
checkers or the complexity of
** Diplomacy." You may
practice your stamp col-
lecting or discuss computer
science. Practically any other
hobby you enjoy can be
combined with amateur
radio, with the enjoyment
multiplied.

Have you thought about
experimenting with other
modes? RTTY, slow scan or
fast scan television, OSCAR,
or even CW - all exotic life
forms for engineers? Hardly!
They are proving to be loads
of fun for thousands of us
who once thought we could
never get the hang of such
way-out weirdness. Expen-
sive? Not necessarily. Build,

214

find used gear^ scrounge
around - getting there is half
the fun. And wait until you
see that first SSTV picture
from the Middle East or good
teletype copy from a station
in Japan, There are plenty of
books available for the
beginner in each of these
specialized modes, and you
will Find that most people
already involved like nothing
better than to talk about
their interests and will be glad
to help a newcomer

And thou^ you probably
worked pretty hard to get
away from that 5 Watt tfm-
itaiion on the Citizens Band,
you are missing a lot of
challenging fun if you don*t
give QRP a try. Several QRP
rigs have been featured in the
various magazines, and more
are available commercially:
Sure^ it can be frustrating
fighting the full gallons with
flea power, but when that
feilow in Germany gives you
a 589 and refuses to believe
your 3 Watts input, then
you1l know true happiness.

QRP rs sneaky, too, in that it
makes you a better, smarter
operator and forces you to
learn a little about antennas
and propagation.

There are a lot of things
you can do off the air to get
the fun back into your
hobby.

You say you haven't built
anything since the code
practice oscillator when you
were working on 5 words per
minute? There are plenty of
projects that are not only fun
to build, but also are so use-
ful you'll wonder how you
ever did without them. Parts
are as reasonable now as I can
ever remember, with a friend-
ly electronics store on practi-
cally every corner. There is
no better way to get a firm
grasp on the modern tech-
nology than to hook some of
those funny little things to-
gether and see what happens.
Even if you only thought a
soldering iron was good for
burning holes in the carpet,
there are kits available that
you can put togethe^;^ get a

good idea of how it all works,
and have a good piece of gear
when youVe finished. I have a
friend who tries to start a
new project every week. He
has never finished one, but he
has a ball.

You may get out of the
house and join a local
club. Very few hams bite, and
most are friendly sorts. And
your club most likely has
interesting programs and
speakers, worthwhile fun
projects, and maybe even
coffee and doughnuts. There
is also great satisfaction in
participating in club projects,
like public service activities,
helping plan a hamfest, or
presenting a program your-
self.

I don't know how you got
started, but a lot of us
attended formal classes. And
classes like ihat need instruc-
tors. You? Sure, you can
teach! Or maybe set up chairs
in the classroom^ work on
publicizing the classes, or just
help passing out books. Or
you could do something on a

smaller scale, like helping an
interested prospect in the
neighborhood or teaching a
scout troop.

As long as youVe volun-
teering, raise your hand for
the work party at the re-
peater site. It's a great way to
get to know the locals, learn a
little about VHF by doing it,
and do a little toward keeping
the machine going. And you
could also take part in the
next disaster drill, too, or
maybe help with communi-
cations for the motorcycle
races, or man the information
booth at the shopping center,
or accept an operating assign-
ment for Field Day, or
demonstrate the rig for a
school science class. You get
the idea.

Then, you could even sit
down and write an article
about some of your proiects
for 73 Magazine.

And then, if you can
possibly find the time, you
could sit down at the rig and
have a good old-fashioned rag
chew, ■

ALUMA
TOWERS

VERO BEACH, FLORIDA 32960

MFG S OF

ALUMINUM TOWERS

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POR SALES 8, TRADES CONTACT

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Inriiiilaniic, (^lUmJj 32303
<30&] 7?3 4793

NEW DUAL BAND VHF AMPLIFIERS

EtiiV one amplifier and cover boih VHF amaieur bands 2 rneter anct 220MH/

Now you can cover both bands in one unii with ihesfi new low cost amplifiprs by
UHF Industries, AH units are buitr tot rugged performance uriiizint? a dRSEqn capabli^
pt withstanding infinite VSWR at aH phase angh^s when operated ai rated power
and supply voUage- Each unit has autonnatir. T R swirchmq and a unirjutj microsinfi
reliiy thar results m pract^caiily j'cro recejve toss and neti^itjiljff.^ mjsmiatch m *?<ther ih^
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BUY DIRECT MOW AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OUR
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S 69 SO

OFFER*

215

S 59.50

2-40

T.S wain

40 waits

129 SO

109.50

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15 wait!

40w^tis

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A) I oFderi should »fidudc Sl.50 fw shipping ^d hand li rig. Mictii^^ r«sj<lent$ add 4% ttati
u!«f tiX,

'0*fer eKpir« NcHrember 31, 1977.

for ordenng and inforrnanon on other UHF Indusuiei products, see vour local dealer
or wfiift: UHF Indu&tnui, Inc.

840 E. Gun n Road

Rochciigr, fVtichigan 48063 V5

215

73 Magazine Staff

Build

Useful

HF Receiver

-- Novice special

It is interesting to note
how events son:^etimes go
around full circle in the amah
teur radio field. Many years
ago, the only way to have an
amateur band receiver was to

build one yourself- Then later
on, as commercial equipment
appeared, most amateurs
regarded those who ** rolled"
their own receivers as a group
of technical geniuses. Build-

J.W. HiLLER a^O£-B

hF MDPULE
l-F XMFR (45S KHi)

4 "5

ing a transmitter wasn't too
difficult, but building a good
receiver was another matter,
A crude, crystal-controlled
transmitter with p!ug4n coils
couid be built with a

SPKft

-^f— 1

£€K

2.7K

/fr

5K
VOL

1 \l "^'^ i

Fig, h Complete diagram of the receiver. All transistors are MPF 102 or HEP 802. The l-f
transformer comes as part of the /. W, Miller i-f module, L =26 turns #26 on }4" form. Tap at
13 turns (for &15 MHz). Yl = 9,545 kHz (JO MHz WWV). Y2 - 14,545 kHz (15 MHz WWV).

excellent
portable

a single

minimum of electri(
mechanical workshop facili-
ties. But to build a gpod
receiver required good test
gear and practically machine
shop facilities.

Today, with solid state
components and PC layout
technique, almost any ama-
teur can build a receiver with
performance matching com-
mercial units. For those who
would like to start to try
their hand at receiver build-
ing, this article presents a
simple HF utility type re-
ceiver. It can be used to
monitor WWV, to check
specific frequencies in the HF
bands, or to monitor station
transmissions*

As presented, it is crystal-
control ted, although one
could add a vfo for con-
tinuous tuning of its entire
range or of just specific
bands. With the addition of
an audio-type CW filter, it
would make an
little receiver for
QRP operation.

The receiver is
conversi on, su perheterody ne
type, with an FET front end,
and is crystal-controlled. No
bands witching is required
when it is used over the 6-1 5
MHz range. Coil usage has
been held to a minimum to
simplify construction. Con-
struction is also facilitated by
the use of a sin^e IC for aJI
audio amplification and the
use of a commercial i-f ampli-
fier module.

The schematic for the
receiver is shown in Fig* 1, as
it would be used for WWV
reception. Note that the only
switching which has to be
done to receive WWV on
different frequencies is that
necessary to select the appro-
priate local oscillator crystals.
The frequency coverage can
be extendtLi below 6 MHz
and above 15 MHz, by using a
different coil between the
MPF J 02 (HEP 802) rf ampli-
fier and mixer stages. Or, in
the case of just extending
coverage below 6 MHz, a
100-200 pF padding capaci-
tor, across the 210 pF
variable capacitor shown.

216

should extend coverage down
to the 80 meter band.

The MPF 102 rf amptifier
stage is untuned at its input.
Its main purpose is to keep
the antenna from loading
down the tuned circuits
between the rf amplifier and
mixer stages. This single
tuned circuit is sufficient to
provide reasonable image
rejection. The MPF 102
mixer stage and MPF 102
crystal oscillator stage are
conventional. The oscillator
stage is untuned. This has
proven satisfactory for gen-
eral reception, using regular
miniature HC6/U type,
crystals. With some sluggish
crystals, the rfc shown in this
stage may have to be replaced
with a tuned circuit.

The i-f amplifier module is
a J.W. Miller type 8902-B.
This module is just a two-
stage I-f amplifier, complete
with all necessary i-f trans-
formers, and it also includes
an AM diode detector, its use
greatly simplifies construe*
tion. If one can't find it
readily available, a simple
substitute is to cannibalize
the i-f section from a small
transistor portable radio. But,
use an i-f section which has at
least two stages. The really
cheap $5 portables often use
only a single i-f stage, and this
will not provide sufficient
gain for any sort of reason-
ably sensitive reception.

The audio amplifier ICisa
Motorola MC1306P. This is a
neat, inexpensive ($1) IC,
which combines a preampli-
fier and 14 Watt output
amplifier in one package. A
minimum of external com-
ponents are needed to make
it function. If you did
"borrow" the i-f strip from a
cheap AM portable to build
this receiver, don't be
tempted to "borrow" the
audio section of the AM
portable, also. Generally, the
quality of such audio sections
is horrible, when compared
with the clean sound of the
MC1306P used with any
small, but decent, 8 Ohm
speaker.

The phoio shows how the
r^eiver was initially laid out

This is the complete receiver^ as assembled on on approximately 4'* x 2" piece of perforated
board stock.

on a piece of perforated
board stock. Simple point-to-
point wiring was used. The
layout wasn't planned, but,

rather, construction started
on a slightly larger piece of
board stock. Starting with the
rf amplifier stage, the com-
ponents were simply grouped
together as closely as
possible, as I worked from
left to right. The rf and mixer
stages were grouped around
the interstage coiL The
crystal oscillator stage is
below the i-f amplifier
module, and the af amplifier
IC is just to the left of the
electrolytic capacitor, shown
at the extreme right middle
side of the board. When the
receiver had been assembled,
the oversize perforated board
was carefully cut down to its
final size.

The tuning capacitor used
is a regular BC type and is
temporarily shown attached
at the left side of the board.
The receiver should be
mounted in a metal en-
closure, and the ground leads
used in the receiver should be
carefully grounded to the
enclosure at several points.
Although the receiver did
work fine wired as shown in
the photo, it probably would
be safer, from the viewpoint

of avoiding possible spurious
oscillations, to utilize an

isolated pad type of com-
ponent mounting/soldering
technique. The relatively new
Stamp- It, Etch- It kit, sold by
Rainbow Electronics (see 73
ads), is a pretty handy way of
developing an easy do-it-your-
self PC layout for the re-
ceiver, if you like to take a
bit more time but end up
with a more professional-
looking PC board.

To use the receiver to
monitor SSB transmissions, a
product detector and bfo
have to be added. The circuit
for a suitable product detec-
tor/bfo is shown in Fig. 2, It
is relatively simple and inex-
pensive. If the product
detector circuit is added to
the receiver using the |,W.
Miller i-f module, you have to
remove the shield can from
the module and Lake the i-f

signal off the first 1N67A,
before the diode detector is
built into the module. This
operation is fairly simple and
obvious, if one uses the
module, since a diagram
comes with it, illustrating the
modification. The diode AM
detector need not be discon-
nected, however. So, one can,
if desired, add a switch at the
volume control to choose
either the output of the
product detector or the
output of the AM diode
detector.

With a mixture of some
parts from one's junk box
and newly-bought main com-
ponents, the receiver can be
constructed for about $20,
This represents a rather
modest cost for a utility*type
HF receiver, for which one
can find many applications
around the shack or in
portable use. ■

L*ST
I-F

if?
■<c

IN6TJV

'r^

45?Khl!:^LSB

1 llf

^" ||h-=^^^^^^

ffi

ffJ

47K

^470

OUT

RFC

rOmH

f-^ Ympf 102

4TK ^^~^ '

fff

■*+9^

Fig. Z Product detector/bfo, which can be added for SSB
reception.

217

Because the sophistica-
tion of state-of-the-art
radio gear hasn't been
matched by improved ham
operating practices, it is often
essential for an amateur to
vent his spleen over the air in
one or another of a patterned
program of careful com-
ments.

And no such commentSp
despite the need" for their
frequent repetition and the
necessity of avoiding actual
profanity I are the subjects of
any of the "Q'* signals on the
traditional list.

I have developed, there*
fore, a suggested list of up*

dated state-of-the-opera ting-
art "Q** signals intended to
lower the blood pressure and
restore tranquillity without
violating the FCC *'no ob-
scenities'' regulation.

There undoubtedly will be
others recommended by
other hams.

My suggested list^ there-
fore. Is open to amendments,
revisions, additions and mod-
ifications by fellow hams also
frustrated by the shortcom-
ing of other operators and
the traditional list of **Q"
signals.

Welcome to recommend

Wake Up

Dead

Repeater !

- - with these new

Q signals

such amendments or revisions
are all who have within the
past year sat in for even a few
minutes on a DX contest, a
sweepstakes, or a band open-
ing to a rare call area.

Because the purpose of the
proposed list is to help vent
the emotions sure to be seeth-
ing in the modern ham handi-

capped by others' operating
techniques, most of the
suggested *'0*' signals are
assertions, not the bland and
polite question-and-response
types of the outmoded tradi-
tional list.

They are most useful when
delivered as commands or
comments, with feeling. ■

QXA Hey, dolt, tune up someplace else,

QXB Drop dead, oaf, my dummy load is busted.

QXC Quit calling through his comeback, jerky.

QXD I gotti call long, because I'm running fow povyer to a poor

antenna with a lousy fist*

QXE He's listening up two, but you'd better go down five.

QXF Buzz off, busier. I got here first.

QKG Slow down, f inkie. Your dits sound like ignition noise.

QXH Sp^eed it yp, nipsie. Code practice is over and the band is

going out.

QXl You're working the wrong street, friend* They only use AM

on 27 now,

QXJ Sign, for goodness sakes. I've been waiting 20 minutes to put

your call in the log.

QXK Quit calHng through his comeback, dummies.

QXL Don't expect a card, OM. I don't keep a log.

QXM Don't gimme that exotic call from Illinois, Mac, I could care

less about your state fair station.

QXN Boy^ you gotta lousy fist

QXO I worked him before, anyway.

QXP That ain't hum on me. I'm just blocking your receiver.

QXQ (Expletive deleted — this is the biggy, the quick tension

releaser. It's bad, nasty and very helpful m a crisis. But it
should be saved for true crises.)

QXR I told you before, dang it — quit calting through the rare cat's

comeback,

QKS I copied you solid, TOO per cent, OM, but I can't remember

what you said.

QXT Vm not working for my Extra, cuz I don't believe in that

incentive jazz.

QXU AJl solid state here. Someday I'm gonna lift the lid and see

what's inside.

QXV I wish to QXQ you QXOars would quit calling through the

rare guy's comeback.

QXW Nil copy, cut them QXQers keep calling through your

comeback.

oxx

QXY

Tm reporting you blind, cuz
through your comeback.

them QXQers keep calling

Guy Slaughter K9AZG
753 W. Elizabeth Dr,
Crown Point IN 46307

I distinctly heard a *'G,'* so Vm gonna put you in the log —
even though them QXQers keep calling through your
comeback*

0X2 Where' d everybody go?

218

Social E/ents

HAZEL PARK IVII
DEC 4

The Hazei Park Amatttur Hddto
Club IS holding their 12th annual
Swap St Shop on Decemtier 4. 1977,
at tlie Haze) Park Hifh School Ad-
mission is St. 00 at the door Main
prize tickets are available from Robert
Numerick WB8ZPN, 23737 Courens,
Hazel Park Ml 48030. Reserve table
space is available from WSaZPN.

NORTH POLE
DEC 6 17
The Calgary Amateur Radio Asso-
ciation ts pleased to announce "Opera-
tion Santa Claus" will be activated
a^in this year. Commencing Decem-
ber 6 until December T7 inclusive,
CAR A will be operating between
0200Z and 0300Z on 3790 kHz and
between 03002 and 0400Z on 3910
kHz. These freciuencies are plus or
minus QRM. Al that time there will
be two statiorts on frequency, a net
control station and a Santa Claus
Stat ton. ATI caJl5« from amateur sta-
tions with chitdren wishing to speak
to Saint Nick at the Nortfi Pole, will
be accepted. Merry Christmas.

ROYAL OAK Ml
JAN 8
The Oak Park Amateur Radio
Oub*5 Ninth Annual Swap n' Shop
will be Sunday, January 8, 1378, at
the Frost Junior High School in Dak
Park (north of Nine Mile on ScotfaJ.
Talk in on 52/S2* Admission is S2 —
ample table space. Hours are from 3
am to 3 pm. Prices and refreshments.
For further Into, write to: Lee R I cell!
WA8RNB. 118 South Pleasant. Royal
Oak Ml 48067.

SOUTH BEND IN
JAN 8

A Swap & Shop will be held Jan-
uary 8, 1978, at the Mew Century
Center In downtown South Bend by
river on U.S. 31 Oneway North across
from St- Joseph Bank Buifding, Half
acre in one large room at ground level
of entrances and loading dock. Four
lane highways to door from all direc-
tions. Talk in on 52-52 and area
repfiaters.

RICHMOND VA
JAN 15

The Richmond, Virginia, Winierfest
will be held on January 15, 1978, at
the Son Air Communily Center, spon-
sored by the Richmond Amateur Tele-
communications Society. ARRL coor-
dinated. Technical symposium, draw-
ing^ home brewers contest — 2
diyi^ions, oyer IB and under — with
framed certificate to winners with
Most Original Idea, Best MecfianicaJ
and Best Electrical Construction. FCC
exams will be administered, startir>g at
10 am — to lake exam, mail Form 610
at least five days prior to Fest to
address below. Send SASE if you need
Form 610, Commerciaf ejchibits,
indoor flea market, S2.00 j table in-
cluded), outdoor frostbite tailgate flea
market, $1.00. Admission $2,
children under 12 free. BATS mem-
bers excluded from contest and draw-
ing. Talk-in on 2088 and 52 simplex-
Richmond Amateur Telecommunica-
tions Society, PO Box 1070. Rich-
mond VA 23208,

FORT WAYNE IN
JAN 22

The annual Fort Wayne Winter

Ham fest will tje held on January 22 at
Shiloh Hall, north of Fort Wayne,
from 8 am until 4 pm local time.
Early parking Is available and 28/^
and 52/52 will be monitofed. This
yearly event is sponsored by the Aflen
County Amateur Radio Technical
Society lAC/ARTS}, Admission is
$2,00 at the door. Table space is
available at STSO per half table
(about 4 feet).

ST JOSEPH MO
JAN 31 -MAR 7

The Missouri Western State College
Center for Continuing Education
ts offering a Novice amateur radio

da$s on Monday evenings^ 7 to 9 pm,
January 31 through March 7, at the
Engineering Tech, BIdg. 110. 6 meet-
tfigs S5.

DAVENPORT I A
FEB 26

The Davenport Radio Amateur
Club ham fest will be held on February
26, 1978, at the Masonic Temple in
Davenport, Iowa. Admission if $2.CX)
advance. S2.50 at door. Tafk-in will be
on 28/88 and 52 simplex. Tables will
be available at S2^0Q each. For info
and tickets, write: Dick Lar>e
WA0GXC, 116 Park Avenue So>,
Eldridge lA 52748.

Ham Help

I'm asking the help of anyone who
can help me get started on SSTV. Any
help, information, and/or tips will be
greatly appreciated.

Steve KetlerWAIWFA

86 Columbus Avenue

West Bridgewater MA 02379

I recently purchased a theater pro-
feet ion television system. The problem
is that I need a picture tube and
service information. The set is built by
RCA, model PT-100. The picture tube
is a 7NP4 or 7WP4. Neither the tube
nor manual are avaiiable.

I realise that your magazine is
mostly amateur radio, and while I am
not yet a hsm. I do fiave a 1st phone
and repair commercial equipment for
a living. I also service amateur gear as
well. This TV system is not the small
home type that was popular years ago
and is making a comeback. It k a huge
commerciai projection set that is
often used to present fights and races
in movie theaters- This tan it is quite

old. so there are no parts or info
available today, H'i a very impressive
piece of gear, and I would [ove to
make it work again. I never plan to
use it commercially, i feei that some
reader of your magazine might be able
to help me get this monster going.

Bntce Gentry

624 Pfymotith Ave.

Matty dale NY 13211

I am a reader of 73, am not a ham
(yet), but need help. The help I need
is the answer to this question: Where
can I buy a good^ used "pan adapter"
— that Is, an oscilloscope device which
visually displays alt signals on a
30a500 kHz band? I would conndef
a new one, if it' wouldn't cost the
moon. My receiver is a National HRO
600, Any ideas?

Lawrence J. Gutter

President

Chicagoland Broadcasters, Inc.

2622 W. Peterson Ave.

Chicago IL 60659

1465 WELLS STATION ROAD

MEMPHIS, TENN. 38108
PH (901) 683-9125—685-8461

Authorized Deater

DRAKE— ICOM^-KENWOOD
REGENCY— TEMPO— DENTRON

CALL OR WRITE
FOR BEST DEAL

A SMALL in FOR 20?

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Includes: 5 -1^259.

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2 * PLZSe, I - DM, I

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Afretior. r , . r <- » i

Send for rre^ C-sfflloq

CDAKIT

P.O. Box to I -A

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Circle C2I on Reader Service Card

219

WUR HAM TUn
HSMQUAHTenS i

TUBES BOUGHT. SOLD AND TRADED

SAVE ^S - HIGH SSS FOR YOUR TUBES

10.30
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6360 3.75
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3-1000Z 145.00

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4-400A 48.00

4 tOOOA 198.00

4CX250B 27.S0

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The intelligent Ham alternattve to CB
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Eimac Tubes & Accessor/es In Stock
Write or phone for types not Its ted

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SEaVINC THe INDUSTRY SINCE 1922

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NOW - <al an Exlrqordirtary $23,00
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ogainst the horrible consequences of fire.
Smoke Detectors ore now required for oil
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con comply. Free Catolog. HURRY —
Supply limited^ prazer ^ Assoctates
Consulting EngineerSp 1888 Century Park
:, Century City, CA 90067, F?

How You
Can Convert
Your Rohn

25G Tower to a
FOLD -OVER

CHANGE, ADJUST OR JUST
PLAIN WORK ON YOUR
ANTENNA AND NEVER LEAVE
THE

If you have a Rohn 25G
Tower, you can convert it to
a Fold-over by simply using
a conversion kit. On buy an
inexpensive standard Rohn
25G tower now and convert
to a Fold-over later.

Rohn Fold-overs allow you to
work completely on the
ground when installing or
servicing antennas or rotors.
This eliminates the fear of
climbing and working at
heights. Use the tower that
reduces the need to climb.
When you need to ""get at"
your antenna . . . just turn
the handle and there it is,
Rohn Fold-overs offer un-
beatable utility.

Yes! You can convert to a
Fold'Over. Check with your
distributor for a kit now and
keep your feet on the ground,

AT ROHN YOU GET THE BEST

Do not attempt to raise antenna or
antonna support near power lines—
You can bo KILLED.

Unarco-Rohn

Ofvisnn of Unarco Ifvlustrtes. inc.
RO. Boic2000,Peona, Uiifiois6i€ai

220

ANNOUNCING-A New Generation of VHF/UHF

FM RECEIVER KITS

More Sensitive, More SetecUve, Baaer to Buitd, Smaller Than Ever Before .'
CHECK THESE FEATURES-

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• Aval ruble for 2M^ M^^ lOM^
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• Sensitivity 0.4uV for 20 dB
OpHonaf Crypto f Filter Kit $10
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TE^S RF Detector l*Pobe for vtvm; good from

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TE''4 Direct Pfobe for ac/ohmi, etc-
TE-5 DC Probe w/res for 1 1 meg Input vtvm
TE"^ Blocicing Gapocttor Probe for counter,

signal generator, etc^
TE'*7 Wideband Detector Probe for scopes
TE-fl High Z/Low Capacitance scope probe

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h yours for the aslcTiig. NEW 40 poge oatofog give*
detaiU on tbese and other kitt, including scanner
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FREE SHIPPING ON LARGE STOCK OF
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oF Cushcmft, Larsen, & Hy^-Gain ontennas in the
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VHF & tribond beams, magnet mount vrhips, hF
vertioolj, njbber duckies ^ Tightntrig orrestors,
Reyco traps, W2AU & Hy-Gain boluns. Coll or
write NOWI We' I J be glad to send free catalogs.

amiromcs, ma

ISa-B Belmont Rd; Rach ester, NY 14612

Dealer Inquiries Invifed H16

IN CANADA?

Send order to COMTEC; 5605 Westluke Ave.;
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Add 28% to prices shown above to cover customs
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T40 Eleven Ownnel Exciter Kit for 2M or 6M

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ff rffffff rrrrrrrr

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221

1977 Index

* f ■ » *

AMPLIFIERS

Tlie Final Feeder » *

Build 3 kW Linear

Biiild A Gefiefai Purpose Preamp . . . .
&oost Your TR22I , . .

ANTENNAS

What's the 6est Anlenm for 160? . *

No-Wire Arvtenrta Switch

Th« Mighty Magnet Moijni Antenna *

Antenna Magic

Tur>e Up a Randonrt Wire ..,,,,,..
Remembfif the Windoml . . * .
The Agonies o1 Tower Raising .
The Boom less Microbeam . . . * .

The Downspout Venical

A Combiner ior Your 2m Whip

Improving the Dipole

Build a DDRR for Your Mobile

Qyicic Vertical ..,,,,« , ,

The London Bus Tuner .♦.+>,

Try a Conduit Vertical

Introducing Autotrak! .....

Dual Rhombic for VHF^UHF
Ccnterfed Specials ..*,.,..
Build a Doiible Bazooka ....

Din Cheap DirecilonaT Array
Take Cover! .,,,,,.,,,,,,
Introducing ^he Intenna ....

The Zeppv Vertical .......

A Cure for Antenna Self-Destruct
Quick Antenna Insulators ....

Raising A Tower?

Stqser Loop Arttenna .......

Rock Bottom 2m Antenna , . .

Antenna Gain Facts

The 8JK Array Hevisited

Tower Installation Techniques
An Ultimafte Invisible Antenna
Mountaintop Special Antenna
Fiery £ndfed ...,.....,.,.
Buitd A Vacation Special , , . .
Apartment Antenna Specials ,

Mobile Antenna Tips , .

Home Brew Tilt-Over .

Try A Trapped Dipole ......

^tovice Antenna Specials ....

A Kilowatt Altemative ,,..,.
Wddifig Rod Special Antenna

m <M m m

WA90ZC
. . .W6DL
, W4NVK
WA2INM

,.A,.,... W5USM

WAiNUX

........WAIPDY

., WBOHAF

. VK60X/VK62EH
..W8HXR
WA2CGA
Staff

■i ^ * k

P i 1- P

* * ■ * »

KSANG

ZL2AMJ

, . .Staff

W5UKL/0

, .,,,WB0KTH
*5taff

WBSDVV

,,.,,.. W9CGI
.^...WeOMfl

K4MDK

«*f<^*«*« K4KI
« .^ * » > WA4oi\0

WB5ASA

, , Norman

K5GP

. , W9TKR
. WB9JXU
.WA7URL
, , ,W2FEZ
. . . .W8FX
, . W50BR
.W3ZVT/4
. , . . W9JT
. WfiSMS V
. . W9VZR
WA6NCX/1
. , , .W8FX
. WA2ALT
. , .W2FEZ
, . W4IVIEA
.,,K4tFH
,..W2FE2
WB0KTH/4
..-WA5TSJ

ATV

Have You Tried Television? WB4KTY

Ir^terested In Television? W88DQT

CALCULATORS

Tanks A LotI , WA9GUK

Inside the SR'52 . , , .WA6THG

CB Can Do Some Things Better ..,..,,, Norman

Those Illegal CB Channels K8ANG

CB to TO - A Legal Alternative (Part I) ,..„,.... W4NVH

CB to 10 - A Legal Alternative (Pat llj W4NVH

At Lastl A 10m Sand Plan ..,„_„WA4MFT

Harm Profit From CS * , , , ,*.,**.. Norman

Cfl to 10 " Pm y I . . . ... VE7CHI

C8 to 10 - Part IV . . . . , _ .WB4EQU. Norman

C8 to 10 - Part V K5UKH

CB to 10 - Part VI K6UKH

CB to 10 - Part VII , , _ . WBSCLF

CLOCKS

The Super Dock . WA1 UFE

Digital Clock Fail Safe , . . . WB6HJQ

Battery Bacl<up for Digital Clocl^s .WA2EJT

Clocking Those Clocl^ Kits W6SWZ

91
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Au$

Aug

Sep

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IVlay
Oct

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Oec

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

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Jyl

Dec

Apr

Jul

Dec

Hufco Counter Kit -

Inside Ten-Tec ... . . . ...*....

SS8 For the "Frog" ...*....*

High-Band Your KDK . . ,

CONSTRUCTION

Art and tbe PC Board , ,.....,.

Where You Can't Solder or Weld ,

Gh/eThat Professional Look to Your
Home Brew Equipment ,♦*♦.....*

Instant PC Boards » . ......>.«.. ^ .,<-.

M^ Icing Your Own PC Boards — Part I ,
Do- It- Yourself Photosensitizing ..,,,»
Making Your Own PC Boards - Part II

Save Your Old Speakers

Fight fnfiationi Suild It Yourseifl - . . .

Sheet Metal Brake

The (C-PC Correction , . . ,

New PC Techniques Unveiledl

Solder Soldier . . .

Build A S2 Drill

Instant Spares .,.*.....<

PC Layout Tips ,

Beat the PC Shortage ....
Identify That Transformer
The Third Hand ..,..,.,
Design A Circuit Designer I ,..♦,..
Remote l^onitor for Your Scanner .
Build An Engine Analyzer .,,,...
How About An Auto CQ?

CONTROL

Complete Repeater Control Syste?n ,
The Morse Clock ,.,,,.
Rotary Auto patch Dialer
Subaudible Tone Encoder ....

Low Cost Tone Decoder , , ,

A Single Tone Can Do It .....
More Repeater Control Devices

A A A HI

WA2LPS
, . K4MDK

W2PMX

* . » « I. * . I

• r • & t

■ k » I

,,,,.W7RXV
. . , .WA4VWY

.... McOelian
Minchow
. . , Smith
..KL7AE
. . . Smith

. . , miiff

. W3KQM
. W6QIR
WA60AA
WB5DEP
. WTZOA
K7AGI

W4ATE

.... .WBiLUl
.... .Stanf ieM
,,..., .Tenny
, _ . . _ Miller
. I . . . • I . wiarT

K1CCK

WABTHG/'KHe
K4TSY

.m. a ■»■ !k

'» ■',§<» *

COUNTERS
Current-Saver Counter Display , . , . .
Selecting a Fre<iuencv Counter , . . . .
Buikj A Multiplying Prascaler ......

■■#■ *««vni aw rv / f \J f

,,.., K3JE/2

COMMERCIAL GEAR
Using the Adas Transceiver ,

Suff t46 Aug

Otf

QLF? Not With the Great LakesSideswipefl
FCC^ Approved Microprocessor . ,
Learn A New Language ,.,,,,,

Svtid This CW Fitter ,

CW Keycoder improvements . . h

Noise Rejector , ,

ftegenefntid CW . .

DIGITAL
Digital Bargain Hunting ..........

CMOS Oscillators ..,.,._.**

Digitat Synthesizer ...,...>,

Digital to Audk) Decoder .........

Synthesize Youraetf I ....«....,».

Digital Signal Source «

GADGETS

The Polarity Changers . . . . .

Carbonize Your Crystal . . - ,

Son of the Overload Relay ........

Ham Phone Answering Service . . .. .
Give the Ham burglar Heart Faifure . ,
You Can Sound Better With Speech

Build Your Own Car Regulator .

Sending HI .,,*,. .,.,,,,

Remote Rain Gauge . . ....♦.*...

Build a Unique Timer

Build a Phorve Exchange

Build a Beeper Alarm

Sound Operated Re^ay , .

Simple Electronic Siren ,..,.....

Straining the Wind

Photoelectric Bench Acc^sory ....
FUdier Foi^er Car Alarm . , . .

., W6VX
. KSNQW
We0KTH
VE3EXA
WBdQFR
WB6ZYK
.... Staff

. W8KBC
WB5DEP
. .W9CGI

Pachofok
..WlHCl
. K7HKL

Staff

. ,. ..weewxD

WB8VQD,WBSMGH^

. WA5KPG

WB5DEP

...,,,.... W8LWS

WA3AJR

..!,...«.. ..1 ifvioore
, WA4SAM

, weaoQT

K4DHC
.. Staff

...W3K8y

. . .W86THJ

■b ■' r ta fan

i a- ¥ * W it * k

182

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55
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206

Mov
Dec

Dec
Dec

Jan
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Fel>

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jufi

Jun

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Ho^

Dec

. . W4V6Z

1T8

Jun

.WA1MXV

Jul

.WA1MXV

172

Aug

.. W41NFR

Oct

. weavsz

178

Nov

. . .W7JSW

184

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. . .W7JSW

Dec

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M

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222

HISTORY

Pfteairn Island . i --........ .

The History of Ham Radio — Part I ,

10 and T 1 Meier Predictions

Shoot the Moon! *.......,..,,..

The HSstorv of Ham Radio - Part II
The History of Ham Radio - Part III
The W18B Story

I f ■ f «

....VR6TC

. , . , Nelson

K3BPP

.. . W9CI

, , . wgct

WB1ASL

The Histofv of Ham Radio - Part JV . . , W9CI

8ig Bust in Amarillo * , * .Staff

Electronics Study Guide ,,,,..,,„.,,, Wiison

The History of Ham Radio - Part V , , , , , . . * . W9CI

HUMOR

The UFO Connection ,.,.....,..
Dear Good Buddy ..,,,....*...

The HAPPY FLYERS , ,,

Retire to Ham Heaven ......

Let's Use EnQlish ,

The Ham Radio Oassroom , ,

Things Remembered ,,,».,.,,,,,

QSL Tips .Barrack

■ A * A H

. K8NQN

....... ..W7IDF

..WB&CQW

. KOWTM/OABCV

WAIGFJ

..,..,.. W4LLR
W8LUX

The First Step ..<*..,.....«..

Fool the Wire Wizard

Right Way, Wrong Way, Navy Way
Liviiig With the Family Ham , , , ,
Wake Up A Dead Repeater! . . . , ,

p p p ■

+ fr * * ^ -

-P F ■ 4)

,.W2FEZ
Simmons
, KBDZY
WA4W2L
. K9AZG

The TTL One Shot , ,W88YJ£

Mow Do You Use lCs7 - Part VI WA2SUT/NNN02VB

Logical Storage for Logic Stanfield

How Counter ICs Work , . , .WB5IR Y

Leading Zero Suppnessioo * W6AVL

TTL Techniques ....__ WB&IH Y

Try Power Sa«f Logic , WB5DEP

An B2S23 PROM Programmerf ...*... W82CZL

How Do You Use ICs? - Part VII .... WA2SUT/ISJNNSIZVB
How Do You Use ICs? - Part VIM . . . . WA2SUT/NNN02VB
Finallyr A Simple PRQ1V1 Burner , W7JSW

V V ^ + + -

- - *• r * !•#

I/O

Go Forth ami Multiply! . . .

How to Fifid a Forgetful Memory , , , ,

A Super Log ,......,»...

Short On M^morv? ,.,,.,,.-,,,.,*,
A Software Replacement for the Muffin

1 ,000 WPM Morse Code Typer

It Works! The First Time! .,,,».,,..
Computerised Satellite Tracking . . , , .
Building the Folymorphics Video Board

RTTY Goes Modern * . . .

How to Use Tho^ Old Teletypes . . . . *
High Quality Video Display
Save Time wtth a Micro OS
Interrupts Explalnedt , , « *

CW for the 6000

Computer Controlled Thermometer . .
Let BASIC Control Your N^xt Contest
Aim Your Antenr^a With a Micro . , . .

Dipole Designer Program . . . t - 1 .

Software Control
Computer Logger

Troubleshooting A Micro . , . . .

S. D. Sates Z 80 Review *.*..***

Receive CW With A KIM

Build This SSTV Pattern Generator
Super Baud Bumper ,.,.,»,..,.
Decode Morse .................

Futureshot ..**,*..,,...,...,,

Try A Micro Contest Logger . .

Computer i7ed Global Calcuiattorts .
Micro Meets JANET - . .

Far*

# * * * *

. ^ A a -.

•!->««

...W1HCI
. VE3DWC
. WA7SCe
. W62ZCF
. WA1FEF
.We2DFA
.WB4WRH
. .WB0JHS
. WB6JKM
. WB6QFA
. . .K7YZZ
WA8VNP
, Ferguson, Ferguson
,,,♦*♦, . , ZLTTRM

.WA4TMZ

WB9LSS

.......... Whipple

W4PWF, WA2TMT/4

.- -«..... K/S8K

WASVNP

...WAIUOU

......,*. WB4KE0

......... WA2INM

.W63GCP. WB8VQD
K7SaK

_, . WB4GXE

WB9KPT

. . . KH6GMP

, , VE3EKR

.W5HK/9. WSBWXM

I ■■ « 4 n

KEYERS

Contest Special Keyer - . . . .WA2KU0

Build the World's Simplest Keyer Ring

MISCELLANEOUS

An Automatic Thermostat ....,,,.. „ . , Wt HCI

Pracircal Solar Cell Poww .W2EUP

The Jufik Box a^ sn Art Form .................. . W8G f

Revisiting the COR .W7 JSW

The Hidden Charigef WB8IMY

112

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50
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76
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TOO

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180

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IJnBV

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u^ec

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Jun

Dec

Jan

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Apr

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Jun

Jul

Aug

Oct

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Dec

Feb
May

Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan

C- ■< V -V

tC Compresor- Expander

Are You Realty Insured?

Getting a Patent - Is It Really Worthwhile?

Arinoundng the PCF , . , ,

What About Surplus Nicads? ..♦,,,.. _ ,

The Phantom Exposed * ♦

Harness the Wind , , ,

Headphone Jack Adapter ....,.,,.,.,,,.,...

Automatic Taping Unit

Event Timer With Memory , , . .

Regulated Nicad Charger
Instant QSO Recall Syst^D

Goolirtg Your Relays

Hang Ten

Radio Equipment Insurance
Information Management System

QRZ- P^K4| . ...

V€6 OXer Teirs AH1

Run, Sheila, Run* , , ,

Roll Your Own QSL Cards

Glkte On Six

Beat the Books ,.*.....*

The Rescue

Call Letter Gouger ......

QRM on the Moon?

. . . . ri .

♦ * * + -

• * * .*

+ * + *

****** r

- * i * *

....Staff
. .W9KXJ
. W2WLR

. WA6PTM
. .W9JTQ
.... Bach
WA1LET
WA0VHX
.2L2AMJ
WA3VPZ
. K7HKL
. W4GKF
. K8ANG
. K8ANG
WA9PDS
, K4MDK
. W9CQD
..VESNS

.weniFF

. .G3W0I

WB3BaO
WB9YKR
.WA6LJL
WB6JYK
. W4NVK

MOBILE/PORTABLE
KsBflirig the Wind Dowyn *..••,,.

Drive More Sa^ly with a Mobile Driver . ^

Frustrating the Thieves ,.,,,,.,.

Automatic Autopatch Release ......

Emergency 91 1 System

Curing Mobile Noise Miseries

Add Class to Your Mobile » , . . . ,

Hamming the Biiggy Sweepstakes ....
The Carbon Marvel .......,.,.,...

Motorcyde Mobile ,,.,,.-,_,

Vehicle Security Systems

Digital Timer Goes Mobile .........

Remote Speaker Mtke for Your HT . .

f. . . » .

. WBBAZP
...W7JSW
.WBOGGT
/WAIRTD
.WA2RX0
. .. G3Bm
. WSflHEE
. WA2U0S
.. W1SNN
.WA4LWY
. WB5DEP
. . K70CM
, , W2DNY

A**t-4«*tv

^ M * * *

. . -i .

♦ *■»•»»

OPERAT

Ten Meters: Dead or Alive?
Repeaters in New Zealand
Talk About OX -WOW! .

Phone Patch Tips , , ,

When the Lights Go Out

W.A.S, - Easily f ............

Attache' Case Portable

Mastering Network Operations .
Traffic Handling Explained . . .

Try BC3DXI _

German Amateur Procedures . .
The DA4FB Story ,,...,....
Try A Topical CQ . .
Try A New Mods! .

OSCAR

Build the Qmni-GSGAR I , . . . .

Get Set For OSCAR 8

Build An OSCAR 2m Transvertef . . . . .

Predicting OSCAR Propagation , . .

Try OSCAR Mobile , .

Tic Tac Touchtone ...«^.._^..

Visual OSCAR Finder

Cheap Ears For OSCAR ............

Track OSCAR With Your SR'52 .....

Try A T-R For OSCAR 8

Track OSCAR In Real Time .....

Logical Thoughts About OSCAR

OSCAR DX

OSCAR Frequericy Relationships . , , . ,

Calculate OSCAR Orbits

CB to OSCAR

Track OSCAR 8? ......

Build A 2m Power Amp ............

....... ,.2L2AMJ

W7IDF

...WBBMXD

........ lnfD3rtort

. W7FGD

, . .N4AL/WB4SCN

,WB4EZM

WB2YKG

.WS2BJH
.WaCM/5
WB4EWX/DA1KD
........ K4GRT

1 r * * *

- * * * *

.■!*■«■

..K20VS
. W3HUC
.. W2GN
,.G3lOft
. . W2GN
..W9CGI
WB2BWJ
. . W9CGI
.,W6UIX
. .W9CGI
....W9U
. OA6AD
. W3TMZ
.WIZAW
VE78GX
.,W9CGI
. K2ZR0
.W4MNW

nm ■* w *

POWER SUPPLY
Dirt Cheap Regulation * . . . ^ .

Tlie Chintzy 12

Super Low Voltage Power Suppfy
Inexpensive Variable DC Supply
Wind Your Own .............

practical P,S. Design ,,..,...,.
A Battery Volta^ Monitor .....

i. k * • *

. . .W3GAT/2
.... WtOOP
. . . VE3CWY
. . . . W9V2R
..... KSV I R
. .,WA6JMM
. . Hawkinson

182

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223

Instant PS Regulaiion . .
BuHd A Brute Power Supply ^ .
UniQue Po^vef Supply Tester . ,
Light Up Your B$nch -,„,*,,,
Adjustable Bench Supply . ^ * .*
Build fl Noise-free Power Supply

l-t-Hd-l-IVI I

W3MR

-..,.. WB4QLW

Ik W9Ht/A

WA3VGT

. K4DHC

■m -i 1m r * * -

A 4 ■ 4 » ■

RECEIVERS

The Minioom Receiver ,.,.,.....

High Ffequency Utility Cbnw«rtef ...,..,.*....

Yaemi f RG-7 ltripr«ssions . , , ,,.,.., , . ,

Recyde Your Recelvef .♦..*,,,

Build A Useful HF Receiver .....<..,..,**,.*.

. K4DHC
. K40HC
. , , W5JJ
. W9VZR
, , ♦ .Staff

RTTY

PROM Message Generator for RTTY

RTTY? What's That? . . .

An imeliigem RTTY Station ,

The 60 WPM Conversion ....

Stop Thai Autostart

Computerized RTTY Takeover! . . .
All- Electro nic SELCAL ....,,.,.
RTTY Scratchpad Memory _ _ . ,
So Yoi; Want to Get Into RTTY? . .
Design Ari Active RTTY Filtef ... ,
Moving Display RTTY Readout . . ,

RTTYSWUng

RTTY Local Loop . . , , .

Try the RTTY Reader ..*..•,,,-

Organize Your RTTY Pix . .

Build A RTTY Message Generator .

FSK for the Drake *

Baudot to ASCII Converter
Digital Group RTTY Micro

RTTY Test Station , .

RTTY With the KIM

FSKfof theFT'101

Build A Drift-free T.U, ...
RTTY CRT Tuning Indicator
Cassette-Aided CW md RTTY
RTTY RKB-l Revisited! ,. .
Try Your KIM-1 On RTTY ,

1- e- « -B

« I 1 + •

* -« * * t

.WB4EHG

WA6CPP/WA7PEI

WB2MPZ

WA5EVH

WB2MPZ

. , _ .\/E3GSP

W9IF

I 4 ■■ A » 4 1 * ■ I ri IN^U/^VV

.. .. WB8SWH

. WA2MOT/WT2AAG

. , * . * .wB5lR.Y
„.,, W3JJU, Cannon

..._,._ WB9CNE

, WB8DMC

. VE4C1V]
. K2A0U
, . W2FJT
. K4GCM
. ,W60JF
VE7DaK
...W9IF

Staff

. , . W9IF
WA&DXP

* H i ¥ '

4 * t fc -

SATELLITE
Weather Satellite Siniulator .......

Predict rhe Weather' . . -,-,,, -...»,,
Saielliie Zapper . , , . . «>« .,,,,...
Eye On the Weather? ............

„.,.W9CG1

, , . WB80QT
. . . WB8DQT
. . .WA4WDL

SSTV

SSTV Test Generator WA6VV L

Double Sideband: Something New? .K7YZZ

SSTV Slalom Game . , , K4TWJ

SSTV Meets the SWTP ^00 _ . . , , . .K6AEP

Robot 400 Scan Converter Details _ . . WBBOQT

Title Yoiff Pix With A Micro ..,...,,. K6AEP

SURPLUS

Uncle Sam'$ Surplus List ........

Interest in Mail Order?

Stsrplus Goodies Are Still ArouruJ .

Buying Surplys ,.....,

How To Btiy Surplus Parts , . . . .
Surplus Goodies . , . . .

4 « V » I!

..WA7NEV
. . Anderton

Moak

,.. W20LU
..McClellvi
. ..ViLlastrigo

TEST GEAR

The "New" 88 Ctiatinel !C'22 ._,.,_. WA60AZ

Mod for the Heath 10-1 02 Scope .,.*..... WB4MYL

A Simple RC Substitution Box Staff

A 1 5-75 kHz Oscillator ,.,♦,»,,*.... XEICMB

See Yourself Talk ,..*,...,., , #> • •* • * . * , VK5YH

You At ready Have an Atomic Frequency

Stanoand * . . » i^ . ^ * * . i^ . # « . . * « « .,.«»,..*... WDBASL

DVMs Get Simpler and Simpler McDellan

The Capacitor Comparator WB4MYL

The Speedy Audio Counter , . . W4JYW

The Oily Resistor Wattmeter WAIPDV

The Easy Ammeter ......................... .VE3FEZ

Inside the Bird .*»,.,,,.....,,..* . * . W6YUY

Huming Noise , W6HVP

World's Smallest Com inuitY Tester , Miller

A Look At Stwiet Test Gear ,, W&jTT

S^jer DVW .... . , , WASVQK

The World's Cheapest Calibrator , . W9SS

Build A Meter With Class , . WA4UL

122

124
192
208

136
50
96
32

2ie

04
56
72

1&3
47
70

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54
2B
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*■'*■'

58
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tos

112

Aug
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Apr
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Dec

lUtar

Apr

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^>ep

Sep
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B#p

Ultra SimpTe Diode Checker . . .

Sensitrve Meters Saved ...

Find That Meter Resistance

Final lyl A Practical Discrimaiorl . . . .

Amplitude vs, Frequency , , , ,

Byild the E! Sapo Tester

Test Instrument Saver
Quick Deviation Meier

« I i t

i i. ri +

w m ^ r w

■:' fa i4 !h 4

.... K460K

WeGXN

hi2RG

.... K4G0K
Staff

. . . ^ . . r O LbTT

...... Miller

...WATUUK

THEORY

How Does Your Rig Paiorm? ...... ... .*.-.,... W6AGX

How Does Sideband Really Stack Up? .......*.. W68JIMN

SWR Myth Exploded Again , WA1 JFU

Measure Your Wasted Power .......... ^ ......... - Staff

SSB: The Third IVlethod . ..,. . .WB0XY/O

A New Breed of VoJtage Regulators WA7A8V

Taming the Wild Beta W3KBM

The Real Truth About SWR , . . W65IAM

Understand Your Pel Rock K1 CLL

Beware the Compressorf , . .WB50GI

Matching CXitput Trarwformers ,,»,,,,, Mi iler

HF Bands; Expanderl ..... ^ ..*...*,...»...«..» . .Staff

Transmission Line Primer .,..,., , . Murphy

Impedance Matching WB5HE0

TOUCHTONE

The Mew Improved TT Decoder Updated
Exerting MewTouchtone IC .
Digital Autopatdi ........

BouncefessTT Decoder
The Touchtone Connection
Drake Touchtone Review

»_*'!» m_» *

4 at 4 * *

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,.,.W7JSW
..WA0CKG
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..WA5ACA
. . WA4BZP
. . WAIJGG

TRANSCEIVERS

A VKt Pocket QRP Rig KSJRN

Behavior Mod for the HM-102 , . . . ,...,., .W3VT

Versatility Plus for the HW'202 ...,_. , W1 JLl

Try These lC-230 Modi . . WB6GTM

Two Meter Scanner . . . *^*., ,.,.,, *..,........, .K3JML

Try the Mini-Timif WA2UMY

^Aore Channels for the IC'22S WA4VAF

Try a Scandie-Talkie ..............> WA6iNGX/1

A Dial for die FM-DX W2PQG

Patch Up Your 101 K7VUA

Ten Tec ^od^ . . . , KL71BQ/B

Heath HW^2021 Review , . . K4JEM

Supff Wilson , . . , . , K4TWJ

Build A ComCoder K5UBM. WBSWSG

Uberate Your Wilson HT .*,...*, ^'^ .. . * * *,.,.. K2HUF

One Cent Channels for the IC-22S t W82CBC. WA2HGQ

The Missing Length KL7IEPyi

Add Jazz To Your Tempo :WB8ZBJ

Split Your (C'22S WA60MH

All About Transceivers ... WB5ASA

More rC-22S . . .KtHPF

TRANSMITTERS

A No Hands Telephone Dialer

A VFO forSidetnanders

4 4 » h

1 'I I ■■

4iV ■■ 1*41

UHF

200 lb. Cookie „

Ar^ F M Gadget ....rw.

UHF SWR Indicator

Mk;rowave Waveguide Details . . .
CofTUfiunicate on 10.25 GHz . . .
Minimize F^dlint Lo^

WAtPNG
. VK3XU

. ,WA6ITF
.WA7lSiMO
. .W8DMR
. . . , Moak
. WA3ETD
. . W2ST1V1

VACUUM TUBE GEAR
The Gompactron Audio Driver

.WA5SWD

VHP

The Mod Squad Goes 220 , , . . . WA6JMM

An Automatic BC Squelch Minchow

Discriminator Output for the H R 2A . . . , W2KPE

VHF Noise Snooper , ,vv * ♦ WA6CLZ

Stop Timeouts! K3VTQ

Wilson HT Mods K4MKX

Ten Wans on 2 WA6NCX/1

Open Mew Frontiers! , . WB6JNN

Marine Radiotelephone Corrva'sion . , . , . K8EXF

All About SCTS . , . , K6LUA

A FAAROUT DXpedition WA6Y0B

A Practical 2m Synthesizer WA3SYI

How About 6 FM? W3KBM

44
163
136

140
184
193
207

136
156
184
62
82
Its
166

110
111

126
124
140

107

164

166

160

172

132

1S2

152

156

160

164

108

150

161

160

172

138

40
116

154

28
26

128

114
101

84
112
146

lie

16B

146

Oct
Oct
Nov

Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun
Jul

Jan

Apr

Jul

Aug

Jan

Mar

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan
Jan

Jan

Apr

Jun

Aug

Oct

122 Jan

Jan

Feb

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

224

POV.E R

METER

LINEAR

nvR

AMP

IND

2M-}5X80L

UlESTCOm

son mnrioi ill.

the new 2 meter VHF
amplifier from Westcom.

• An add-on unit, no internal connectbns or adjustments required to as-
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design provides high stability and optimum pefformance over wide band-
width • Factory adjusted, no tuning required. • Mobile mounting bracket
induded • RF sensing T/Rswrtching. adjustable dropout delay • Remote
keying capability • Thermally coupled biasing • Reverse Voltage pro-
tected and fused • Conservatively rated with oversized heat sink • Red
LED indicators for monitoring DC and RF • VSWR protected ♦ Ninety
day material and workmanship warranty

MOOEL

21^3X30

2M 3X30L*
2M 10X40
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2M 1SXB0
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INPUT
POWER

1-4
1-4

2-tZ
5-15
S-15
5-15

NOM

OUTPUT

(watte)

CURREMT
13^ VOC

PRICE

$7^95
S82.95
$77.95
$94.95
$129.95
$139 95

'Unear: AM. CW. FM, SSB. RTTY; Size: 4Vi xbYinZH
tfidviical wecsficabons and ttata sii)|ect to c*^»^ wilhCM^ r»o«J«

Call your local dealer, or write direct:

iommf

ENGINEERING

1320 Grand Avenue San Marcos.
California 92069 (714) 744-0700 W17

^^'ft^

RESONATE YOUR TOWER
ON 40. AND 80 !

r^===^

Imagine tiding v^ur
entire tower and
present beam

5V5tem as a corq-
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radiator on ^40.
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common fefiowJedge
that a dipole or
invefted-vee muM
fae at least t/2*wave
length high (120 feet
high on 80 metefsl)
in order f Of it to be a
\o^ aogle radiator.
but vour enrstirtg
tower, if fed with
the Stuart Elec-
t ron ECS tOulCB tUf<* *
can be made to be
an optimum low
aneie fadiator on

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The

BO
Stuari

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installed and ad-
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on 3ny tower no

matter what the size

■
or type. No more

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Even your wife will

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iQuninjntit* takeiL

tip virtuallv noextr^

space but greatly

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di poles and l-V's at

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StBrt making better

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and &0 meter

band^ with an

antenna system thai

really ge^ out. The

Stuart yectronics

lOumnrilM^ will

handle 9oO watts

OUtpMit

We are ki cijnf idf^nl
rHal v<Xi^ wilJ like It

d»y monev ba^k
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are m any Mr^y
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stuartX electrowics

755 N. MAIN ST.
AKRON. OHIO 44310 S38

225

round the uorld

Meet adventure head on. Shipmates wanted
who yearn to achieve for themselves rather than
be pampered aboard plush, pretentious cruise
ships. Share this adventure with a small conge-
nial group in a highly informal atmosphere with-
out regimentation or timetable. In this age of
luxury and self-indulgence our expedition offers
a unique, exciting opportunity,

YANKEE TRADER

(Famous oceanographic vessel)
Length 180. Beam 31.5, 1106 tons

9 MONTHS - SHARE EXPENSES

Ports of call

Cape Haitien.

San Salvador.
Panama*
Pitcairn Island.
Easter Island.
Rapa. Tahiti.
Ahe. Moorea.
Galapaoos.
Samoa.iutuila.
Danaer Island.
Guaaacanal.
Tulagi. Bali.
New Guinea. Java
Madaaascar.

Zanzibar. Beira.
Capetown.

St. Helena.
Ascension Island.
Rio. Devil's Island.
Paramariba.
Martinique.
Antigua; Exuma.
Nassau.

im^fti^'* *

..'.-

.*«.»•«"

T* — '

\^^

' l.pi|H< llMirini

* • *

• *•.

■Miff! r^^lffi

'•^■"

nmc

AtldrcH

Ch,

Please send me

your free 'round

the world

expedition

booklet.

State 'Z\p

r. 0. I«l 120. DepL RW
lllMrSiichJlDrid«33139

226

A sleek graceful sailing vessel glides across the sometimes green,
sometimes blue Caribbean. The cargo: you. And an intimate group
of lively, fun-loving shipmates.

Umform of the day: Shorts

and tee shirts. Or your bikini

if you want. And bare feet*

Mission: A leisurely cruise to

remote islands with names

like Martinique, Grenada,

Antigua— those are the

ones you Ve heard of. Before

the cruise ends, you'll

know the names of many

more. You'll know Lntimitely

the enchanting different

mood of each > . . and its

own beauty and charm.

Life aboard your big
sailing yacht is informal
Relaxed, Romantic-

TTiere's good food.
And grog! And a few
Dleasant comforts . . ,
^ut any resemblance
to a plush pretentious
resort hotel is
accidental.

Spend 6 days
exploring paradise.
Spend six nights watching the moon rise and
getting to know interesting people. It could be

the most meaningful experience of your life
...and it's easily the best vacation you've had.

A cruise is forming
now. Your share from
$29a Write Cap n Mike
for }'Our free
adventure booklet
in full colon

Come on and live.

Windjammer Cruises, i

W10 I

Sbite

P.O. Box 122, Dept. 622 Miami Beach, Fl 33I3S

227

NON'UNEAR SYSTEH/IS, iNC

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ACCURACV: ±il eount ± tuTM bait i«»jncy]

TIME BAS£ Imtmsl ^f^Ksk 2.0971 B? MHz; SnbHnv <1Ct f^wn/Vvv t*Bii^, - i'^

SENSITIVITY; 30 mv ISO Hz-JOMHtl. 100 m\f (f OaO Hz;3O«0UH«»

RESOLUTION. 1 HrMCIMHzrwatKiaK£(60Wl42rwiait

\H9\JT IMPEDANCE 1 MO

MA>t. INPUT VOLTAGE +TGO VOC, 350V RMS {10 Hl-500 kHi% m 5V flMS

{35-60 MHii

SFZE^ 2,1 X t .9 k 4" cto«p^ WEIGHT: 9? {^uncrs

Mod»l FM'7 Counler ,...*., , , , , .^ , . $t@&.CX^

Modol FM 7/LH Coumtr wilh Till Sund , , *.*.*.. 1 98.50

V nla4 FM-7/FH Counttr with Piii«l Mount Flan^i ., ,. 190 00

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Pan ? 39-454^ Pirwl Mom* Fta«^ CHft _. ..^ ........,-.,. . Ai;00

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Case trid Ptnel Ma^i Ftang^

FREQUENCY RANG^t 20 MHf-51 2 WHt

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MAX.(^tPUT:4VRI^S

OUTPUT. 3 MHzBI.3 MHz, 100 mV RWS

INPUT IMPEDANCE fiOH

SIZEj 2.7 X 1.^x4'^ ctecp

Modal SC-S PrascBlBr », + ,♦ _,,.

Utfdit\ SC-fi/LH Pr««cil4r us^iih TTIt St^nd .......

Modct SC-6/1^H PrvtOliir vw.th Pan^L Mouril Flv^

£89.00
.92 SO
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proiMiffd lealher csrrv*<^V Caiiv,
BAMDWIDTN; 15 MHz
VERTICAL GAIN; tOmV-fiOV/div. +3ft
TIME BASE: 0.1uS-D,&S/div, ±3%

INPUT SENSITIVITY; Vartlcdl IDmVj HariEontal TV; IntamaJ Tr»Miir<t dJv.: ExtuFrtitl Tr[0B»f<1V
VIEWING AREA, 135" W x 1.1"H [ariddt 0.35" dwiiif^ntl
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citM »i avtnJIdblo: permitt cdrrv^r>g; mctdr ctii helt or sruund neck for handi fr^fl op«rBtlDra. AI$o ^va^labls arwTilt Stand,
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RAfVGE SELECTION: Mam^
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SIZE. 2.7 >; 1.9 » 4 ' d^p
WEIGHT: 0.2 duiKei

MODEL

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LM-3.SA

LM-4A

r4 di^ti)

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9.993
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959. ?

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9-999
99-99

999^9

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IVAC
10V*C

loov'.:

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*399
f.99

93-9

53"5

=2 digits}
SCH-40fMz

999
13.99
T99.9

= (0. 7X rijg
^2 dtf^ts)

-999f 1
9L^f9

99. 9f !

y^5- -

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*99W
9-999
99-99
fJ9.9

t2 d1^] t&^

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TClCOKfl

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.995

±S digits)

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19.93

159.3

1999

1.999

= (0- S% fdg
=2 dtgftsJ

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?.999
59*99
939.9
.9999

i{0. 11^ rda

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9-999
99-39
933.9
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7. 55

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1999

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999/9

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■j^r-Z^

PLAjN
CASE

Modol LM-3A
$125.00

Modpl LM-3,5A
S147.0Q

Mtjdfll LM-4A
S2 27.00

S 100.00

TILT
STAND

MtxM LM [lA/LH
Sl2&iO

MttW LWXSA/LH
S150J&0

NAodfi iM40A'i,H

ACC£i£(mrcs

33-^>3 icflthvr Cine t Strap $16.00

33-f*52-2 TMt Stared Case ^ S.QO

39-^S«»-l
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We honor Master Charge,
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F.O.B. Camden, NJ.
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m^i

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$4900

features wh^ch are found in only the most sophiGticated and

expensive aircraft and commercial transceivers.

TRUE FM: Not phase modulation - for superb amp ha si zed hi-fi audio

quality second to none.

RIT CONTROL Used to improve clarity when contacEtng stations

with off frequency carrier.

MONITOR LAMPS; 2 LED s on rront panel indicate (1) incoming

aignal-channel busy, and (2) Transmit.

FULLY REGULATED INTEGRAL POWER SUPPLY; Operating

voltage for alt 9v circurts independently reguleiod. Masaive

Commercial Hash Filter.

MODULAR COMMERCIAL GRADE CONSTRUCTION: 6

Umiized modules eJiminate stray coupting and facilitate ease of

maintenance

ACCESSORY SOCKET Fully wired for touch tone, phone patch.

•nd other accessories Internal switch connects receiver output to

internal speaker when connector is not in use.

MULTI-PURPOSE METER Triple Function Metof Provides

Discriminator Meter, '"S" Reading on receive and Power Out on

Transmit.

RECEIVE Better tftan .2Suv sensitivity, 1 5 POLE FILTER as well as

morKilichic crystal filter and AUTOMATLCTUNED LC circuits provide

superior skin selectivity * COMPAREf

HIGH/LOW POWER OUTPUT: IS watts and 1 watt, swrtch

selecte'l Low power mav ^ adjusted anywhere berween 1 and 16

watts ruUy proiected-shon or open SWR.

OTHER FEATURES Oynamm Microphone. Built In Speaker rrH^iila

mount, external 5 pin accessory jack, speaker jack, and much, much

more. Size iVi m 7 x 7!^. All cords, plugs, fuses, micrc^hone hanger^

«tc. included. Weight S lbs>

Manufscwrsd by ons of the world's most distingyishwd Avionics manufscwrers, Kyokuto Denshi Kaisha, Ltd,

First in the world with an aU sofid state 2 mater fM transceiver.

AMATEUR-WHOLESALE ELECTRONICS

8817 S.W. 129th Terrace. MiamL Florida 33176 DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED.
Telephone (308) 233-3631 e Telex: B1-S628 PLEASE ORDER FROM YOUR LOCAL
U.S. DISTRIBUTOR

Haglonel SatM a Stivtee C«rt

NiHfhaaai; BujEurd-i Say Etoctroniu

BtiMtmhit BtY. Mai*

|*t7) 7S9-337i

Eent: SanfDnl Cbnwnumcatkme. |tts«

Colonm, N.J.

1201) a74-3O03

DEALER OR DJRECT if UNAVAILAeLEj«i«ii2i 2^«

230

■■ik_E£ "''"I

The New Sigma XR3000D

Linear Amplifier
Compare!

Features:

Custom computer grade commercial components, capacitors, and tube sockets
manufactureci especjalfy for high power use — heavy duty lOKw silver plated cemmic
band sv^itches * Silver plated copper tubing tank coil - Huge 4" easy to read
meters— measure plate current, high voltage, grid current, and relative Rf out-
put • CoFitinuous duty power supply built in - State of the art zener diode standby and
operating bias provides reduced iding current and greater output efficiency • Ouiit ia
hum free DC heavy duty antenna change-over relays • AC input 110V or 220V AC,
50-60HZ* Tuned input circuits* ALC-rear panel connections for ALC output to ex-
citer and for relay control* Double internal shielding of all RF enclosures- Heavy
duty chassis and cabinet construction and much, much more

HOirOAY SALE

$699

2 Dsy Air Shipmanl

Anvwfwra in U.S.

Airpon to Airport i35

AJ«iJli ancf HaM«ii Stight^v Hjgh«r

• Full band coverage 160-10 meters including mars,

• 2000 watts P.E.P.SSBinput. 1000 watts input commuous
duty. CW. RTTY&SSTV.

• Two Eimac 3-500Z conservatively rated finals.

• Atl maior HV and other crrcuil components mounted on
single G-10 glass plug in board Have a service problem?
(Very unlikely) Just unplug board and send to us.

» Heavy duty commercial grade quality and construction sec-
ond to no other unit at any price!

• Weight: 90 lbs. Size: 9W (h) x 16" (w) x IS^^V (d).

HOLIDAY INTRODUCTORY SPECIAL?

New! Sigma Model AF250L
Deviation/Modulation Meter

Fully Certifiable for Cominercial U»e

Features:

HOLIDAY SALE

$169

Extr«m«lY «i»bJ* local oKtllator fof ««*v m9««iir*m«m ol HF, VHF^ tnci UHF banc^

Specif! cattons: ww \\_

Frequency: 1.BIVIHZ-520MHZ/3 range sefect (A, B. C. EXT), A range: 26,5 MHZ-40MHZ. B range 46MHZ-60MHZ, C range: 140MHZ-1S6MHZ,
EXT. range: 1 ,eMHZ-520MHZ {Need Signal Generator) -Generous overranges*lnput level:{1) Through type input level: iW''200W (RF InptJt Ter-
minal) (2) Direct input levet: More than 80db/50ohm impedance- AmplJtude modulation degree: 0-100% ■ Frequency deviation:
0-20KHZ* Accuracy: +/'3% of full scale* Intermediate frequency: 10,7MHZ* Local input frequency {EXT Range) ■ Measuring frequency
+/-10 JMHZ • RF Attenuator: 0-60db variable • Audio signal oscillator: (1} Audio Frequency— 1 .OOOHZ (1 KHZ)- (2) Output level— More than IV
RMS* Power Source: AC117V- Dimensions: H-SV^" (140mm). W^lOVr (260mm), D'7V4" (184Tnm) • Weight: 7 lbs.

SIGMA RF 2000 SWR & POWER METER

\\\

irodijcmry Pnce

111

aOOOW Fraq Ring* 3 &-
160 MHi. PfaiH do ncM
Donffu** tlT« RF2000 with

prkiad units. RFIOOO it sn
indlvkfuajly CBlibriiad
prof«(|.«rpn«l quiltiy
iftftruTitm Un^qutMld «t
rfb*nir l»m«c Ih* fKic«, &!»
7* twill 2 1/3- M|l

SPECIAL SCANNER SALE

FOR KENWOOD TR-7400A

t4 D4nn*f Progrftmma^lii

1^ »tO0 — 956

O.OO

V r

FMSC-1 r«fl*l69— t%B
7400 Sc*fifW N fl*e • 1 a»-i1 1 9

FMSC t SewMV fi»r
KDK FM 144 and 7400
S«ww ■ 1«c Tflo-
K«fWrt4d TT1-740CM.

• Full *cmn 146 ind f47
MHi cijnHcuttvalv or t
MHfn ar iny MHz rsngii

• Scftn rats; 1 MHi/2
S«q«nd| {sdJUHSblAl •
ConirQlt; 5cin/HoJd.
Lncti/Oalav. «00 KHt
Q^sst \«0. up. down;.
Pfogrvn 1 MH; »Simpl«

ilKDK

SPECIAL SALE
FM 144 Aece«sof1^

FMTP-l Touch Tons Psd tfiS

FMTF*2 Touch Tckh Psd with 10 Nurnlw

pTogrimmAbIs Msmory ....,* f 09
FMTOt Prhrsts C«M Oacodtr for uis wtth
sod ProQfSFnmtd ti^ Amy

Touch Torn Psd . = •7B

SC-12A AtjdiXs Tont £noot^ Dw»<tor«8e
FWSC-1 Scsnrwr-RarfdDffl Any Rang* tgg
MAJtS-CAF Option Kit - Any FfSQusncv.

FMOFI 0H«« Option Kit ' Z Ejdi*

FMOF-2 1 MHf OffHi OptKH) Kn iNii

Crystsl*. to Buvl *,,.>,.,,, .,» ilO

FMTF- % Sub Audibis Tons (100 Hi>

Adjuiubl* 67-203 Kz) < *1G

Ownsri Msnus) (E^lt) .**,.*, f fi

FM 201 BR Aceassorisi;

FMPS 4R asQUislsd AC PS M9

fMMC 1 M»craf>hDi>s wrth Built-in

Toucti Tofw P»d ..^^,^..., .♦. 149
MARS- CAP* Option lUt - Any Ffvqusncy,

FMAT-1 )^ Wfl^ Pcitabl4 AnM^ns lor

Htotsi. MqtM dr Ap*rtfn«m . . iT.fiS

Eflvs DC Cordft Pluf ,,_.**... §3 60

Ssivics Msnual .,,^.ip^..>>...>«.*.««.i2 00
Mponttng fir»dt«t Itxt^il , ^^......**^M.OO

Stand 3rd New 2 Meter

FM Transt^eivers

Model SRC14GA Special Sale

SHC146A,

JSXEais:34;9^and94^94 .
USA 2 Deluxe Base Chflrgei
P T 3644 Leal herCase^ ,
AT \% ^^hb%J Am «nd Whip
Ml-cids

-tan

S47
S12

$3G

Reg Un

NEW!!! Touch Tone pad
compl&teiy wired and
ready to piyg in-S69 00

P^$289

AMATEUR-WHOLESALE ELECTRONICS

8ei7 S-W. 129lh Terrace. Miami. Florida 33176

COURTEOUS PERSONAL SEHVJCE--SAME I9AY SHIPMENT - Prices subject to change without notice.
Teleptione: [305) 233-3631 • Telei 51-5620 • Store Hours: 10-5 Mon.-Fri. ^21

NEWI 6 METER
FM50-10SXRII

51 00-53 995 MHz^ eOOchinnsJt
Ho^Hl«V S«l*— Pri«« tut

NEW COE HAM III flOTATOBS—
Re«.j15S.95— S125

Atlas Z1 0X21 5X and 350XL

231

6.2 8 0

coue

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OUP*

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No more snld^^ring diod#every time you
j^ipntt to try a flew repeater !

takes comriiihtd of y^tir radio Gfvmg you
fingertip coritroJ of ALL frequencies.

• Front Par-oi Thiimb wheel Conirot

• Factory Wired and Tested

• Easy To Install

^ "■■

SPECIAL

!>.O.BOX223f
COMMERCiAL AVENUE
OXNARD CA 93030

(805)486-0817

O I'LL 81TE1 Please send more info.

a r'M HOOKED! Please RUSH my Synlhacoder,

Name

YESy I wpuld fik€ ta purchase a Synthacoder for my fC-22S, \

Enclosed please find my $69.95 (Price inctudcs postage and
haftdling). Galifbrnia residents add 6% sa!es tax. Off a^ ends
li/31/77.

$ enclosed, n Cash D Check D Money Order

Please charge my D Master Charge D B^kAmericard

Credit card # _:;__ '•": •"

Interbank ^

Expiration date

Siwiaiture ^■:- -•■-'■',•■ :■■:■•

h^^ n' < ^n " w* V ^^ -T 1 - ' " I I II iiiuii ■* 111 ii ■ ■ I I II ■i^wiHi iiiiM ■ 1 1 ■ I ii I I mmm ^^^ibtia^wi . - -- — — — - — ■.- .

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jPPi tiia

Call

RlllMfCAiW»

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Address
City__

State-.

;Zip ^

£12

THIS AO MEWTIOMS OKLV A F£:w OF THj THOUSANDS OF BAHQAlN ITEMS AVAILABLE FRQM

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12"

Video
Monitor

THE OtANT e&F CATALOC-

CIRCL^E THE REAC^ER SERVICE CARD FOW OUB CATALOQ

This soUd state monitor will display @D
characters k 16 lines for a total of 1,280
characters. These are re^dy to attach to
your compuT&r or CCTV. Operates on
115VAC, video input to 75 ohm,so-233
co-BK connector, Qtv. Ltd. Used and
guarenteed. Sh, Wt. 35 Lb$,
7HU70398 $6S.88 each

HONEYWEL

SMOKE
ALARMS

Dual chamber fonizatton detectors sense
tinv air-borne partioles of combustion in
a fire's earliest stage even before there's
smoke, Operates on 1 15V AC, UL listed,
Sh. Wt, 3 Lbs. , . 7IVI i 70349 . , ,S24.BB

0 to 20
DC AMMETER

SPEAKER KITS

Suild your own and save! Thi^iB kits Are
made up of quality components intended
for use by a big-name mfr. (who we can't

mention I Over $2-miliion in Inventories

SUPER SURPLUS SAVINGS

were closed out! His loss your gain! Kits
are Ist quality, ell U,S. made. Cabinets
are vinyl clad with pre cut holes. gnW
cloth is included. Perfect for those do- it
yourself-ers! Two types of kits available:

SPEAKER SYSTEMS KIT No. 1 our deluxe model

Super cabinets, size 21 k 1 2x8'^ Includes
8"' woofers vu/whiz^er; 4" dome tweeters;
crossovers; damping; hardware & instruc-
tions. Systems sells for $198 if bou^t
ready -to -go, 6&F kit price only $69 95
per pair. Quality need not be costly 1
7ZU702a3. . , .(46 Lbs J . . . S69.95/pr.
Kit No 1/CABIPiETS Only {45 Lb^J

7OB70197 .$25.00/pair

SPEAKER SYSTEMS
KIT No, 2

Fantastic cabinets designed for direct
dispersion of high frequency sounds and
wide dispersion of bass tones. Si:ie: 17x
1014x97*". Sold with 8" woofers, 4 '

dome tweeters, crossovers Si instructions.
7ZU70242, . , f3S Lbs.} . . .$49 50/pair

Kit No. 2/CABINETS Only (25 Lbs.)

7OB702OQ $2&,00/pair

More SPEAKERS & COMPONENTS
. . . are available through our catal^og!

Large 2-3/8" square see-thru plastic cov-
&red m&ters. External resistor req. Super!
Sh. Wt. 8o2. . . .7W70343. . . S2.00 ea.

TV-COMPUTER r
INTERFACE KIT^^^^

Converts any standard TV into a comput-
er monitor. This self-contained RF oscill-
ator fii modulator allows easy interface
of any video output device to a standard
TV set. This kit was part of a video game^
and contains its own power supply. With
instructions & data.

Sh. Wt. 3 Lbs 7ZU70213 $7.88

7 forS4B,00, . - 7ZU70213 . . 548.00/7

^HHHHBHHHHPgHHW^PtWHHrtP^HqjDIpljP

Cornpiiter surplus ctose-out on Singer-
Friden Md. 52 line printer. lOOIine^ per
minute with 132 characters per line max.
The printer is connected to a system com-
puter through s^ input/output channel
and may be located up to 2,000 wire-feet
from computer using a 2-wire line. Uses
standard continuous paper forms< with up
to 5 copies and 1 original. Power: 115V,
60 Hz; 6 amps. Size: 3D"W x 27" Dp x
3B"H.

These units were working & going units
when taken oui of service. Shipped only
on an "AS IS" basis. You should be able
to put these on line with a minimum of
work, and then you have a S3^600 line
printer working for you at less than 1/5
the cost. Shipped via truck freight collect
to you, F.O.B. Peabody, Ma. 01960.
7SF70298 $650.00

DATA MANUALS, while they last , , .
7SF70298M . . . , , $45.00

**A(so available are a few damaged units,
which hS'Ve broken glass covers. Damage
appears to be cosmetics only. Save SI 00.
7SF70299 S550.00

Line Printer

AM/FM stereo

TUNER/AMP CHASSIS
onty $18.88!

New surplus stereo tuner & amp, 4 watts
RMS per channel. Super-slim unit mea
sures only 2^A"H x 12yj' L x B"D. Con
trols include bal.< tone, vol. on/off, AM/
FJVj/FM stereo AFC/Aux. selector and
tuning. Dial has red needle and black
face with no markings. Sli. Wt, 6 Lbs,
7HU70397 $18.88 each

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LOGIC &

OP AMP
POWER
SUPPL

Surplus from a computer phone. Power
supply is regulated, input of 115V 60Hz.,
outputs of ± 12V ^ .125A, +5V @ .75A,
Uses 13} 733 voltage regulator IC's for
regulation. Open frame type, Qty. Ltd.
Size: 7.2"L x 5.6"W x 2"H. New,
Sh.Wt. 5 Lbs, . . 7MI70353 , . , $13.50
3 for $38.88. . . 7MI70353 . . $38.S8/3_

1 0 to 24 VDC, 2 Amp gB^ '^"^ ^^^
POWER SUPPLY KIT c^'*^

A complete kit which puts out 10 to 24
VOC at 2 amps, regulated, 115 VAC in.
Can be wired for contant 13.8 VOC, ideal
Si compact for C.B. Kit includes PC card,
components and instructions . . . just add
your own case. Super as a bench supply'
Sh, Wt. 6 Lbs. . . .6C60498 $14.88

4m 1 TV GAME

CONTROLS

Singer- Friden

Md, B2 Lifi* Printer

ipESK-TOP I/O TERMINA

At one time these data terminals were
used by stock brokers for keeping track
of stock quotations. They tied in to a
central system which has now been up=
dated, lea^/ing these surplus units behind.
Use this unit as a basis for building your
own computer input/output station or to
build a compact scope . , . or simply take
it apart for the components within.

Sold complete or fn psris, prices and
descriptions listed below:
t 3" CRT, with H\'VoH. supply (+3315
vdc; —1730 vdc), and low volt, supply
+440V; +225V; +125V; +28V: +1.2V,
-^0 6V; 6.3VOC; 5.3VAC Also - rannp
generator card & some drive circuits

(15 Lbs.} ^ .$17,50

t SO key Bfock keyboard, with diode

matrix on 2 cards. (5 LbsJ .... ,$12^50

t Handsome desk -top. slope front case,

suitable for up to an IV' CRT, overall

lO^w xl6d x9"h,< 10 Lbs.) .... $7,50

t Plus: 3 wire tine cord, brown, 7'lg for

S1.00; !4 wire connector cable for

$2,50.

t COMPLETE UNIT Sh, Wt. 35 Lbs.

6NB60336 $29.95

t Also available is a complete tecti. maii-
ual covering operating procedure, theory
disassembly {& reassembly], trouble-
shooting techniques and schematics.
With complete unit ^ S1.00 or sold sep
arateiy for S3.50 each. Sh. Wt, 8 oz.

WHEN ORDERING:
Specify part, use order no. 6NB&0335

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Key-to-Tape Recorder

^^"^^™'"^^^^^"* backup. Unit has internal memory/buffer

for 80 or 200 character storage. Units
show character, character no , and record
no. Read back circuits allows search on
record key, editing, duplicating, etc.
Units were working when taken out of
service and are complete St ready -to- go^
but may require minor adjust men ts. Sold
on an "AS IS" basis only. Manuals not
supplied with unit, available separately.
Si^e: 19"H x 21%"W x l9yi"D- Tape not
supplied.
We hsve 2 types available:

WId, 4301-7 7- track Data Recorder, our
catalog no. 7SF70296 . . , -v. ,$218.88
Complete Manual JSF 70296 M .$28.50
Md. 4311-7 7track Data Recorder with
remote data communication channel, our
catalog no, 7SF 70297 ....... $248.08

Complete Manual 7SF70297'M ,$28.50
(Manuals weigh 3 Lbs.li

All Magnetic Tape Data Recorders

are shipped via trucks freight collect

to ymj. Customer pays shipping,

Sih^r/Pertec systems with disp.dy sta-
tion, keylx>3rd, 7 track magnetic da^
recorder, control ler^ etc. Singer doses
out its computer products division and
these unit become surplusi Their loss
i $460x10'') is your uain . . , you can buy
this super recorder for pennies on a doi-
lar. They are late design models of recent
mfg., and are still being serviced with

ocK ey -boccer/ IM ovite E x pert . F eatu res
i hockey mode in which ptayers skate up,
down and accross the ice using the joy-
stick, with the ability to "catch" the
puck and "shoot" for goats with another
control. A real challenge for all players.
LED readouts show score, operates on
] 15V BQHz. Never at this low price!
Sh. Wt. 5 Lbs. , . 7HU 70284 . . .$22.50
5 for $700,00. 7HU702S4 . .$100.00/5

JOYSTICKS
Two 1 0K POTS
m Super for X-V func-
tions: audio, computer,
remote control, graph-
ics, etc, Sh. Wt. a oz.
7J7Q163 $4.95

Joystick; Four 100K Pot's; by ALPS
The best controls on the market. . . B oz.
7J70293 . S&.95ea

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RADIOSONDE with SENSORSIj

This radiosonde is used by meteorologists
for upper atmosphere studies of pressure,
temperature & humidity. Package has
temp, sensor, hygistor, barograph, etc,
Tinkerer's defight - iots of gadgets!
Sh. Wt. T Lb . . . . 7F70364 S5.00

PLASTIC CABLE CLIPS

Unique T2" strip, self -stick backing, %"
high. Use whole or cut into smaller parts
to give up to 24 V? "cable ciips, Handy I
Sh Wt. 8oz, . 7K70354 . $T2 5/2 strips

OTHER SlNGER/FfilDEN MACHINES
ARE AVAI LABLE SENO FOR CATALOG atinn^il

used by

PHONE ORDERS WELCOME!
Bank Americard, Master Charge and

POSTAGE: Please add sufficient funds
for postage and insurance. Shipping
weight for merchandise is listed at the
end of each product description, All
shipping is from Peabody, Ma. 01960.
Mass. Residents Add b% Sales Tax.
SEND FOR OUR FFIEE CATALOG!
Or, receive our catatop in
an order and insure yourself
of a place on our mailing list

American Express Accepted,
Phone- (617) 531-5774 / 532.2323
$10.00 Minimum on Charge Orders

B&F ENTERPRISES

Dept, ^'S"

119 FOSTER STREET

PEABODY, MASS. 0196^

(617) 531-5774/532-2323

SEISMIC SENSOR /XM I ITER

J A what?! This unique locking St oper-
nt ruder detector/xmitter was
the U.S. army to detect troop
movements. It looks like a rock or glob
of mud, but contains: a trasmitter with a
range of 300 meters that sends out coded
pulses on 150 MHz; a buiit in dipole an-
tenna; seismic sensor; Bt 3 mercury cells,
Weighs about 1 ounce, measures less than
2" across. Fantastic? Sh.Wt. 3 oz.

7IV1I70365 . , . S4.00 ea . . . $1000 lor 3

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233

■H

Frequency
Counter

$79

kit

UTILIZES NEW MOS-LSI CIRCUITRY

You've reqtiested it^ and now It'i herel The CT-50 frequencv
counter kit has more features than counters selling for twice the
price. Meia&uring fr&qijency is now as aasy as pushing a button^ the
CT'50 will euTomaticaJly place the decimal point in all j-nodes^ giving
you quick, reliable readings. Want to usa the CT-50 mobile? No
problem ^ it funs equaHy as weM on 12 V dc as tt does on 110 V ac*
Want super accuracy? The CT-50 uses the popular TV color burst
freq. of 3.579545 MHz for time base. Tap off a color TV with our
adapter and get ultra accuracy — .001 ppmj The CT-50 offers
professional quality at the unheard of price of $79.95* Order yours
today I

CT SO, 60 MHz counter kit ........-,,. . ..-,♦,, $79.95

CT-50 WT, 60 MHz counter, wired and tested 1 59.95

CT-600, 600 MHz presceier option for CT-50, odd ......... 29.95

SPECfFICATlOMS

Sensitivity; less than 25 mv-

Frequency range: 5 Hz to 60 MHz, typically 65 MHz

Gatetime: 1 second, 1/10 second, with automatic decimal

point positioning on both direct and prescale

Display: B digU red LEO A" height

Accuracy: 10 ppm, ►OOl ppm with TV time basef

Input: BNC, 1 megohm direct, SO Ohm with prescale option

Power; 110 V bc 5 Watts or 12 V dc <P 1 Amp

Size; Approx. 6'* x 4*' jc 2*% high quality aluminum case

Color burst adapter for .001 ppm accuracy
CB-1 , kit »

$14.95

CLOCK KIT

6 digit 12/24 hour

Want a clock that
looks good enough for your
living room? Forget the com-
petitor's kludges and try one of
ours! Feature^: iumbo A" digits,
Polaroid lens filter, extruded aluminum
case availabre in 5 colors, c^ualrty PC boards
and »uper instructions. Atl parts are included, no
extras to buy. Fully guaranteed^ One to two hour^
assembly time. Colors: silver, gold, block, bronze,
blue (specify).

Clock kit, DC-5 ., . *

Alarm clocfe, DC-8, 1 2 hr only . , . . .

Mobile clocfc, OC-7 .

Clock kit with 10 min ID timer, DC-10

VIDEO TERMINAL
KIT $149.95

ika«bavtf and ■ f V ■« Hf

Mm frii

#•» (rtw tmOL. ItalrtlM, »*tuHk« cvf*^ Al^ c»^n E^api. ctari
to hHI 0f l-nfe, Htv: tt ti4* 1 4^ 7. ffat frtan tr tn iiMiiim Th*

t^a •■j.wifi I. ««i|« M «*cBK too mt ^m ffLntpm rnmmiwm ?S

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$22.95

,24.95

. 25.95

Assembled
$10.00

and tested clocks avail ablep add

CHEAP CLOCK KIT $B3S

DC-4 Foftturei. Doas not

• 6 diBit 4" LED indMdi! b<Mfd

• t2 or 74 Icrrtiat or t' anf tor m^r

PC Baard
$3,95

Trinsiarriief
$1 49

600 MHi;
PRESCALER

^^^■■i

Exitfiid iti0 rmnav pf VOLir
coumrmt to fiOO MHx, Woi^lci wiih
411 couritsn. L4SS ttian ISO mv
■•■ntiiivltv SoKify "Ho Df ^00
Wir«4^ t<ti«<), PS-m . . ^S^.9S
K it, PS 1 B ....... £44 QS

CAR

CLOCK
KIT $27.95

12/^4 Hour 131 VOU A^SfirlPC]

• High AcirurflcV (1 nUM i| NVrna nth f

• Eaiy, no fMUfHt MMikMH

*^4iiHr inttfiKlwRi

AUTO-OFIVTMifl
S2.50

A tF ra rh B r J i; 111 I y od tijtti

trq la ambient Jight Ivual

30 watt

2 meter
Power Amp

■fnp now ■voilBbEfl rnail ordart Four

Watts in <Of 30 Watts out. ? in ftr 15

out, 1 in lor B out, incredil&i« vatue,

C«mpi«l« Willi 4l| parts, instructifjrit

unci e*t>Mi dn T-R reiav- *^ie riot

iftdudul^

CQ«n|M«tB Kit, PA t . „ . . _ . S22.9S

CALENDAR ALARM CLOCK

Hjm avsrv i««iur# one cotjlcl n

K If iricludat ■wvrviniffg «jl. _^l , ]£^

builil ir inio i^mII^ itsn'on ot «ei% EWf
FEATURES^

• C 0>«iri. »" Nifli LEO * 13/34 HaiK Ftirr'vr

PC f . . ,

Wii*

63 14 Clock

74S00

74SM3

7447

7473

747S

7490 A

74143

LINEAR

^2.95 555 S .50

.35- 55q k79

75 B66 1.49

,79 567 1.49

35 I45e .50

.50 LED DRIVER

.SS 75491 .50

3.50 75492 .50

REGULATOR
7aMG 51.49

309 k
309 H

340K
7a05
7812
7815

7aia

.89

.99
MB
J89

.89

TRANSISTOBS

MRF 23S30W VHi^ Si 1.95

NPN 2N3904 type 1 0/$1 OO

FNP 2N:S0& tvpe 1 Q'$1 OO

NPN PofWttT T«b 40M 3^S1 ,00

PHP Povmr Tab 4 OW 3/S T ,0 0

FET MI* F 102 tvpB 3/$2.00

UJT 2N^645 tVP* 3/S2.0O

3M3Q55 NPM Povwer .75

DIODES 1KV.2.5A

5/S1.00

100V. 1 A ........ ;o/si OO

SN9MA lYpe

&0/S2.00

LED DISPLAYS

FND 359
FND 510
DL 707 .
HP 7730

75
1.25

T.35
1,25

741 QP-AWP SPECIAL

Factory prime mmi dip with both
XirOH and 741 part numbafi

lOtorSZ^OO

Red Polaroid F iltar . . . 4.2S" X M 35" . . ,59

ransB!^ alasirciiss

P.0, Box 4072 Rochester NY 14610
(716)271-6487 '

SOCKETS

14 PIM 5^3100

16 PIN 5i/Sl XKl

24 PIN 2/Sl,00

40 PIN 3/$2.00

FERRITE BEADS

wfth Info and specs

15/Sl.Oa

6 hQ\s Batun B^ads

5/$l.0O

TELEPHONE ORDERS
WELCOME

* J

Satisf action

Ql u ara n t ee d tjt
rn n n « V r ft
-* u n <J « d
COD. add

undar $10.00
aiki S.75. NV

MINI -KITS

TONE DECODER KIT

A compMv lent {3Kxii»f qji i vngl* PC 0<Mli^
fmimm ^S|6^^00& itr id|Mfi4Nke fr«auwf
rviV. MD^ap rsp^^iwn, 567 I C U«(iii *Ot
HMdMon* dwotfe^ ton* bvf! ij^nstwi^. FSK
iliptwcl. ii|M I i m. 9iMi mMVt eniwr uv^ lah T
iot 17 btitton iou:tiiQn« dteoiSiA^ Ribh an S
io t7 voliii.

iKH^TO-l S4J9S

SUPER-SNOOP AMPLIFIER

A super 'Sensiti^ ampJift^ which will pick up a
pin cirop at 15 feet! Great for monitor tng
bfibv's roofTi or as a general purpose te$t
amplifier. Full 2 wans of output, rum on 6 to
12 volts, use$ any type of mike^ Requires 8^5
ohm speaker.
Complete K it. BN-9 ..........,,,,,, $4.95

FM WIRELESS MIKE KIT

TrarKmit up to 300' to any FM broadcast radio,
uses any type of mike. Runs on 3 to 9 V, Type
FM-2 has added super sensitive mike prev^mp,
FM 1 ,,,,,.$2.95 FfW-2 ..,,«. $4:95

COLOR ORGAfg/MUSIC L|GHT$

See music come aljuei 3 diff^em lights flicker
with music or voics. One lighi for lOMi, one for
the mid^enge and one for the hl§hii. Eadh
channel mdivlduelly adjustable, artd driv» yp
to 300 Mtatti. Great for parttei, bend muf.ic,
nite ciuh« 5r>d more.

LEOBUNKYKtT

A ureat attention getter which after rial ety
flattlflft 2 Jumbo LEDs, Use for nvns badges,
biFttOfis, &f warning type penet lights.. Runs ort
3 to 9 vdts.
Compri«ie K ft S2BB

POWER SUPPLY KIT

Cctn<i|:itl« trif)l« fiq%Mttft ocmv xuoplv' fftl-
widm vftiMib^ ±1S w3ii 11 2Qli mA Kid ^ mUm
ii 1 Amp. 50 mV Usui tmidAxion goad lilisrino
ind imolil tm tCn len traftEtormsn RpqMira
6-9 V »M Amp Jind IB tc ID VCT.
Dompltli K it, PS SLT ,.... ...... 96 JM

^|i^

SIREN KIT

Produces upward end downward wail cher*
acterjstic of poHce siren. 5 vwaits audio output,
runs on 3*9 votts, uses S-45 ohm Epeakar.
Complete Kit, SM-3 ....... . . , , $2.95

DECADE COUNTER PARTS

Indudss: 7490 A, 747S. 7447, LED readout,
Gurrttmt limit resistors, and IriftrLictJofUi On en
easy to build low cost frequencv counter.
Kit of parts* OCU-1 . , «•«.««.... $350

234

ADVA

KIT $115s

ASSEMBLED $17.95
ADD $1.25 FOR
POSTAGE/HANDLING

FREE

(Cor FETs WITH
$5&S10 ORDERS,t
DATA SHEETS
WITH MAMV (T£MS.

VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY

» Continuously Variable fronn 2V to over 15V

• Short-Circuit Proof

• Typical Regulation of 0-1%

• Electronic Current Limiting at 300mA

• Very Low Output Rippte

> Fiberglass PC Board Mounts All Components

» Assemble in about One Hour

• Makes a Great Bench or Lab Power Supply

• Includes All Components except Case and Meters

OTHER ADVA KITS:

LOQiC PROSE KFT-Um wiWI CMOS, TTL. DTI.. HTL. HTL. HiHtL and mnrt MOS \Cs.
^JlE'ln p«{>ttctian Dgscnst p«jiritv rBvattai inil i>>«rvDlti^ Priiw; gnly ft Nw mA irtsm rlnsitr
Undar Idit. Dciar LED raarioLit. Cpmpliil* irt ifidudf^ 5*» flnrt dip ltBi*(. CWLV $7JBB

FI}<EP REqULATED PQWLR gUFPLV KITE-i^grJcirauJc prpof with 1hnrm»| currtnt
limllirvg, Cam^n sizx and tvpicil regMl4ti(in pf Q S'^ friji'k* ih«ia -deir! fpr mnrt i'Jfltrri'ti'I'C

"Ri-EC -eaiv'lQ'iisicTntilB kftS rncfudB all ^sar'iiijtcinBrTl^ otimplrle <i?tnihd ihslructiDni and plated
fibiRiglDiS PC biundi. I^mucr a/pplv hrti dP nat inaJLUt* l^!sa nr trwlHn. Ad'd t1.% P4r lill^ fifK
IK)iH3(l» and liandhng.

TM4ilL }«OWI FREE DATA SHEEtS iLpotlPd. i/ritt) unttY^ ^umt fhHn-thll 4d. FfltE pN

fi€<lyl6T-Jj|5 Op.ArMJ vgiin mwv ordPF &+"$6 or mop?-'?*^ Dual flp Amp at iw* EIM

Ff Ts wlih *»itf^ ^y^v of no £)rn»WB, Mwumarted pc*i' lo r?/3iy/? Ons ■fise ir*m p*^ order

■OfiOEfl TOCAi^-Ai| ii9tr\t wb^Aci Tc priof w** 9^1 pri«5 lubjuTT to ciiinfle mUvsm^ rroftic*.

Ala ii*mi fli-? rrtw ju^jxiH pan^-lOWt ninmitoflailv T*stw3.

WfltTE FDR FREE CATALOG il77 aff^rir^ avni TQO HunicDiidiictQr'S ciirrFcd In it^di.

Send! !l3>f EiDmp

TERMS; Send check tsr mLtiev Dfder ^^S. iumk) miFi brdtr. Add M pO^bBij^'far U.S..

Camda irid Mnxicti. ttJfiQ' Nandlrng t/unp rm tirdkrs uinl^f SIflL GSAliP. rMidrfnIi odd €?& Hil#i

tax. Fareigiii wrders add 1 [!!&. fkiit^. CdO ordiir] -3\iii i\ .DO Sertvi diarsit

MORE SPECIALS:

RC4ia5DN -TEi^/ fJ 55tiiA VDtTAGi REGULATOR
UtC. A^iik«s a nAat Hight^y FflgutBted ' 1EV Supply i
Requifet Onty unrAgutatifd DC -jIB-i^C^VI snd ^
Wiilti DaiS S^^l Arrd SchiirrKi,ti.cs. 8-pin mOW
RCi^lSeQiiatl 741 LowNaiscOp AmpmDJF'
LM13D4 F?W MyJtIplex Stereo Chsniixlulanir 0\?
LM^IIl FM rF Subsvstem (iF Amp, D«Uj Limii&|-) DIP
1^^263 Mot Carrier Dioda 0.4 V S ImA 0.1 jis [>03:&
ZENERS-^pAcify Voltags 2.2, 23. 4.2, ^-1, ^-S, a,^
9.1. 10. 12. 15, 1?. 13. 30. 22, 24. 27. -)* 33(V (-10%)

fff

DIODES

Ft£CTIFI

IK4SGte

IIU9H

IIHt3t4;

INf^filCi

INflW
I MAS? Id

1NJIK4

l«4W1 *
1M4H1Z
1N4D43
1-M4D{J(l

tMO-aos

1H41M-
1NU7D1«

I THANSFSTOhS I THANSISTlUnS ]THAN$E£TQRS

B/S1;
4,1]

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fS/S1

Mil

IC, Vpry fttrey Oo

or OP AftflP'j, s|«,

bypg^ WpatitciTS,

$1 .2E

0,99
0,99

1.00

4D0mW 4/Sl.Dt)

1 Wart 3/S1 .00

MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE
ALL TESTED AND GUARANTEED

ADVA

BOX 4181 EP, WOODSIDE, CA 94062
Tel. (415) 851 0455

UAfl ACTORS

1IIS123 tD ,

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DIG ETA L
MMET3lri
SK7MDH
SK741()K

$N74G1:N

s.^74'l'3N

SN74T&N
SN747BN
5N74SBN

UNEARiC'i

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,IB
.IB
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LINEAR ir&

LanipuFt $7.Bit)

LM31]?tf .ff

KMiimnN -BB

3/S1 JiMXfHK .94

Z/S1 kM31tN JD

t).lHl''LM32DK.-E \J35

2.U LM32(1K-12 1.35

12.00 iLMS'iQK. 15 1.35

|.M34B'H'^
J.M34BT.5
■IM34BT-E
LM34D1 12
tPfl34llMS
LIUS34{17Z4
LM37BU'
LM3T7N
LIMSON

NEESBA
LI^7B9CH
\ LUIKCH

' imnu*

'!iH-J35«
LM741G44
}LMJ41CM*
|yW741CM14
' LJ1747CK
743CJ »FP
7491^ dtp
i44[;PfnDIP
LMf.3B4K
LMI4&9K*
lM?111Fi

CA3DZSA
CA3il4i

CA3QBB"

LM39H]I1IV

RC4ig4D

Ri:4l^4TK*

RC4til&DN^

flMlSBTIt''

LIVI4Z5<1C1U

nus&BDiu

M&5E1V
MA7B9BUC

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1.2fl
1.2CI
1.20
1.ZD
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2/^

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1.9E
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1.Z5

2.ZE

2.M

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.51

1.^

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% '^'SUPER SPECIALS; ^

ELECTRONICS

1N34 Ger»tianium DjodE 10/$1

llVfSI^ IQQV/lOmAUiode 20/S1

1N4QCJI 50V/ 1 A Ftectififlr IB/HI

1M4154 30V 1M914 25/?!
Bfll 50V !.4A Bridge Rec 4/*l

2N2222 f4PIJ Transieccir 6/^1

2(V2907 PMP Transistor «/$!

2IM3055 iPtJwer .KiHOr 10A SO. 75
2M3904 N PN A^np/Sw iJI 00 $/S1
JN 3906 PNP Ainp/Sw ,1 1 00 6/'S1
CPBEiO PowBi' PET %Amp fi5

FSA2S01M Dcocte Array
MPFlOa 200A1Ni RF Amp
4D673 MOSFET RF Anip
Lft/1324 Quad 741 0|} Aitip
L(^376PotVoJtfli;griiOIP
f4EB5B Timdr iriDJP
LM723 2 37VReiD(P
iM741 Comp Op Amp mCHf
IM 1458 Dual 741 rrtDIP
CA30aS & Trjns Array Dif
RCA2^Piflir XiiXot 1A 3QW

fiF391 RF Powflr Amp Transistor 10 2BW @3aOMHi TO 3
&5&>f Tirrtsr 1j,iJ'1h^r Differfitit pmout from 555 fw/dlata!
RC4194TK Di>af Tracking Ragufator -^0,2 to SOV !P 2aOmA JQ-^
nC:4t&5TK Dual tracktrrg R#gLiFatc»r ±1BV & 100mA lTO-663
e03B VVflv^forrri Gftrwrdior "X n A W*» With Circuits S Date

a/*i

3/$1

$1.7S

.94

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3/St

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£2.25

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SPECIALS -THIS MONTH ONLY

tN34A

tN27a

1W914

1M6263

Germanium Diode GOV 10mA
Germanium Diode 80V 200mA
Silicon Diode 100V TOmA
Hot Carrier Diode (HP2300, etc.)
Power Varactor 1-2W Out @ 432MHz
(Specs & Circuits included with F7)
DIODE GRAB BAG-Mixed zeners, rectifiers, etc«

2iU706

2N91&

2N2e09

21^12920

2I\I3904

2I\I4122

2N48G9E

2N4888

E112

TIS74

[\1PN High-Speed Switch 75ns
UHF Transistor-Osc/Amp up to 1 GHz
P'Channel FET Amplifier 2500/jmhos
WPW Dual Transistor 3mV Match ;i225
HPU Amp/Switeh pi 00 40V 200mA

PNP RF Amplifier & Switch
N'Channel Audio FET Super Low-f\loise
150 Volt PMP Transistor for Keyer
N-Channel FET VHF RF Amp
N'Channel FET High-Speed Switch 40n

TO -220 Mounting Kit-Mica insulator & bushing

10/Sl

4/St

25/$1

$1.00

$2.0Q

sa/$i

4/$1

$1.00

2.95

8/Sl

3/S1
2/$1
2/$1
3/$1
3/$1

10/$1

LM308H
LM309K

LIV1317K
LM380ni
niESSSA

LM723CN

LM747

2102

2740DE

CA3QiaA
CA3028A

CA3075E

RC4558

N555GV

l\)5558V

8038

8223

LP-10

Low Bias Current Dp Amp- Super 709
5 Volt Regulator TO-S

Adjustable Voltage Regtdator 2'37V
2 Watt Audio Power Amplifier DIP

Phase Locked Loop DIP

Precision Valtage Regulator DIP

Dual 741 Compensated Op Amp DIP
1024 Bit Static RAM (1024 x 1) DIP
FET-lnput Op Amp- like WE 536//iA740
4'Transistar Array/Darfingtoo
RF/IF Amplifier DC to 120MHz

FM IF Amp/Limiter/Detector DIP

Dual High Gain Dp Amp mDIP

Precision Fast Op Amp mDIP

Duaf Hi Gain Op Amp- Comp. mOIP
Function Generator/VCO with circuits
25G-Bit PROM (32x8) 50ns

LOGIC PROBE kit-TTl, CMOS, etc.
Machined case included -!4 hr. assembly

$0.84

.84

3.50

.94

3/$l
2/S1
$1.75
1.95
.99
1.45

1,45

3/S1

2/$1

3/Sl

$3.75

2jg

$7.8S

SEND FOR ADVA'S NEW 1978 CATALOG
OVER 700 SEMICONDUCTORS, KITS, CAPACITORS, ETC.-SEND 13<; STAMP,

ELECTRONICS

BOX 4181 EP
WOODSIDE, CA 94062
TeL (415) 851 0455

A24

235

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P. O. BOX 19442E DALLAS, TEXAS 75219

* Mo COO'S,

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PHONE OHOERS (214/823-3240) OM MASTERCHAROE & VISA

^
K

D/cf Somebody Mention Parts? Well, Here Are Just A Few
Of The Items We Have. All Parts Are Prime & Guaranteed!

"=5-

160W NPN Darlingtons

HOUSE NO. 2N6283 TO-'S Power Transistors
with Hfe of over 5,000! 80V Vceo. Outper-
forms MJ3001

Limited Qty.! - $1.00

8A Complimeritary Daflington Power Transistors,
MJ900 PNP. MJIOOO NPN. 90 Watts, Build high
power ^udiO amps.

Buy a Pair for $3.00! I

2ENER Special!

ALL UNITS PRIft/lEI

Overstocked tjn these units:

IN 3030 1W 27 volt

House no. !^W 5.4 V

House no> .4W 12.6V

9 for $1.00is

MC1351P FM IF, Limiter,
Discriminator & AF Pre-Amp

14 PIN IC. COMPLETE FM SOUND SUS SYSTEM USES MINIMUM
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS. COMPLETE SPECS AND APPLICA-
TIONS INFORMATION. . , ., _,.*.-.-.

House # - 5/$1.00

General

Purpose NPN

2hiaSG9 Fairchild Vceo ^ 60V
Hfe ta 300. 800MW power,
gp^xy TO-5. Limited Qryt

6 for $1.00

MULTICOLORED 25 CONDUCTOR

Ribbon Cable No. 2B wire
with a woven binder for
easv seperation. Super flex
ibitUiyl Compare our priced

10' Roll S2.9S

50' Roll S9.95

fVIC1469R

VOLTAGE REGULATOR fC

HNth m limgl* vxl«rnBi c«n:nof from j to 30
voIlL PrOu^tlOfii for cuTTViSI limil tf*6 t«^
iThoti? thirliJoRifi . CofT^jteie rxq and aod^i-
ani&fn nDUH !■# i:'iictLulKl. $1 JR& tvfh m
yWim^ EMtcffifll fefi«5 &ta will m&tiOt
cuffvnti to "iO arnOi,

2N5590

RF POWER TRANSISTOR

Jysi what you've been fooking
for: TO Watts with 13.5V DC
suppty. Frequencies to 300
MHZ, Limited Quantity!

$3.95

PMOS
Counter Chips

Single digit pr^e-settable up
or down BCD counter with
7 ^gmeni decoded output/
driver has internal latch. Re
quires 1 12, 6i +24VDC. Build
counters, timers, etc. Com-
plete specs, 24 Pin IC 4/$5.00

Wideband AMP
IC, High Gain

TOOKhi to over 20Mhz. Good
S?-pJ for IF's and low frequency
3 Complete Specs I

CA3011 50<? each

Heatshrink

Tubing

SPECIAL A v«iy godd astort
mem f>f 3f2T\ t/r-, 3/irv t/4*^
and 7/1 e" hMt«tvinl ii^ng 17 p U,
6" ktngtftt lor .TS fiMortrnt co^'-i

^Q^

Quad Matched
Diodes

Four closely match^ 1N914 type
dicHtes for balanced bridge or

#30 Silver
Plated

Wirewrap wire with Ky-
nar** lacket. 4 colors
available, 100 ft, of each
color

BULtrr LUCKV NUMBER' Stwlitig n«xl imm m
rmnikmt r^ - 1t«t eorfitiiKxicli to »

nicfnflMf kp<'< '.^'<-. ij' ui\i< i^u^ j-^oigi-. The ittailbut ts
vMtttt $1dQ! WattiH fat the siseciAl numbBf on voui

$4.95

(400')

WE ALSO SELL A GROWING LINE

OF QUALITY KITS. WE HAVE SHIPPED lOOO's!

f^^

PS-14 HIGH CURRENT REGULATED
POWER SUPPLY KIT

craT. no fntli. h^Mf ihiPf power tufiply
at irw «imi d%hm*

12V @ 15AcoNTiiiuoys,

;:.■!! i C.-:.iiii l^utailinf
In- iN

Lh.'^ rii^M I , t|p|i|p
1Q iinipt I I El tn aJ.dV

AM ^Min ^MV^MiHcli iliJiliMhiiu IiviItv duTV

LenCaw.

$39.95

UPSSHlPPiftjr,

FAIDf

-^t^j^ttmww

POWf tl SUt*PLY ACCCS50RIES
Oualiiv 3%" M«l«n tar PS-14 ro 25A: O 15 VDC)
In^ivitfuiliv Pich»f#d. N'Dt Surphii i12J&Q/s«t

OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION KIT

Prcviflift rlvi4t» niuirarKf far yzfuf exncriS4w« equiprtiefil.

He ir om 3 to 30 volts Ovirtvottsge
' jCR and! ^lorts iht* ouKJUMo nrolect
: be u^ed an uniU thd^t i^tP. fn^tKi. Di
'tjcily cniTiEi.itibie with the PS 12 Jnd PS 1*^ AH electmn
cs^uiJniitfri- Dnlk'tl and Fitati&d PC tionrd. (Ordar OVPD

$6,95

MINI GRANDFATHER CLOCK KIT

jult trt eane vQu have 5PEnl thg ijift iIa nnonrht Fa
Sihmtn, WQ v^lll telf you on« (HDti tirra iKai
BULLET hri« the ONLY Coprnikitalv Eltcironic
Grqitdfatliur CJpck Kii jn iha wurici lliul hirs s\\
\hif lii^ow lilted te'Bturei. Thi binm prablam
wv hjivB J I ID irv and deicribfr liow unlQun and
ijnciiinilni] rKit dock really M H\ti Ringing
L£0 ^■ndulum md Mnchit^ T|«k^iock «OMf>(t
«(« Avfiiilabiii onlv ciTi Cut etacki. In addition
lh4 «lictrtMkchinn« HQi^ e^di Itaur <l« 3 limR
IcMT 3 o'cfoek,). hiCH^«d in fh« optiorui SOLID
HARDWOOO CASE^ ihfe un4i mjikcf a beaulifk:;
addiiioi^ ID mttv ruatn m wa^l m « fr«ai iftii^
' %'" * duoil LEO rsadouf

* lyifutibfci Ton* §t Durmiien en ChiflV

* AM/PMinEHntor

* SwuullItU wining |MAdLiM*m vm L EOS

* All CMOS cofutTijcliofi

" All tfvctrania, B«nicl«H and Tr9fn$Qtmm ine,

* Cbj«lilv plaltii PC boatk rzl 63" h 4 J^"

MG-01 $39.

QEAtrriFUL SOLID HAflD«VQQP CAS€ FOR
Md-OI. Cnm IS cut, groenvd md Ftni&hid far
c]ac^ Includfit Ri.^y frorit filldf. Quiclt €j»v

irsWfTibJy T^n^irn, snty 4 scrtvw* (InclydwJ) $19J95
CHfllSTMAS/HOL^DAy SPECIAL^ iuV an
MG'-OI at r&gulBT price ^nd s)9l 9tiH cnic for ei
law S12,iS. Vdut totsF coil $62,90. Good till
1/31/7a.

^wffllfflwf$?w

MK-05 MINI MOBILE CLOCK

Ti^ vn^i^iEXl mid brit pnci^d rnptiilt! clock kti <ia ih* frLir
hei OevunHi to be « mtibi^e cSdCk frcKtt iHf Qfgund up
Thiett tiiS fiB«n no compforniie or quafitv
FEATTJHES

* aAjtftz crif9t9l lirnctHK

* Toraid ft zin» nqiw A DvimoittB^ pfotectMun
' Ui^fied ir^.Vda^t LEOf«KkadL

* Qtfi^jiBia witi twtynjttui* 24 hj. alarniL

* 0-t4yDC^^tQ30xn»

* (4«adaua cai b# motJiWMd

* EAS¥,QUlC)t ASSEMfiLV

* AH comporiHiT} raqumd nucluded tyow lupfMf ifii
«e«^kEr|

* Top quality drillMf flfKt pItMt PC bodr^
Dock board 15*^7"
ReMlcKii boirtt 3J/d"x.7&"

.1^9)i

krii«<vm I

(

AIA-^4?S CLOCK /CALENDAR AUTO/HOME CLOCK KIT

NattiirL§ h)m to buyl
Can be p«n«i maurvtvd.
GfVBl for V*ni & RV'tl

We deipwd thh to be a SUPER CLOCK
Kvith ALL lh« (eituret you wanL Quilftv
tk^kd PC bounds tnako ai«mtsly
Mokit# f12VDC} oT homti (12VAC>

Inivr^ Ti

W' L£D Rvwlout
" AMiinyl Indi'CJihDn

* 28/30^1 d*y cat^mlv
t&sf^ft uitnifnaticailv di
nuniullv

* Oi^li'r mn b« dimfiMd
exr hlank4d

* Fliahiftg Colon counti
the secofH^

Aimtm with
SnQQiw fmmtmm^
* Blain Mnd ¥d4t«9t pru-

* Sinqla froni miMintiid
fOtiry switch f alacti alt
f uncti onii

Ajijcti titanal OotlOilt

34 hour lorrnjt; Alitf 43.

12V AC XFMfl *or |10 oPitTtion

iddSUi

$21.50 ^lil

236

NEW LSI TECHNOLOGY

FREQUENCY COUNTER

TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS NEW STATE-OF*THE-ART COUNTER FEATllRrNG THE
MANY BEN EFITS OF CUSTOM LSr CJRCUITRY. THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY APPROACH
TO INSTRUMENTATiON YIELDS ENHANCED PERFORMANCE, SMALLER PHYSICAL
SIZE. DRASTICALLY REDUCED POWER CONSUMPTION [PORTABLE BATTERY
OPERATION IS NOW PRACTICAL], DEPENDABILITY, EASY ASSEMBLY AND
BEVOLUTIONARY LOWER PRtCINO! t||Q9B

KIT tfFC'S'O C ^^ kiMT .iririllUTEQ UftTU i^ABI^e-V- * n o I I V

KH#PSL-e50

MODEL iFCSOWT
MODEL #FC-50^ $00 WT

fii>«

a{3 MKZ COyNIE^ WITH CAaiNCT & P,S
iM MH2 PftESCALER J NOT SHOWN J . . .

. «a MHZ COUNTER WIRED. TEFT

€QQ MHZ COUNTER WIRED. TEST£P S C

v-AL ■

OPf«lilcf««lli£JM««

•i*faije*^

POHtt

ilAflllto

fi»P

i/mtic

t«Tt'

itic

^tfit*i«

DttEC

COMPLETE!
. 29.95

.165.95
. 199.95

SIZE:

3'*High

6" Wide
S^^*^D&ep

FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS:

DISPLAY B RED LED DIGITS .4" CKARACTEH HEIGHT
GATE TIMES: 1 SECOND AND t/10 SECOND
PHESCALEft WILL ^Vt IN&mE COUNTER CAaiNET
RESOLUTION; 1 HZ AT t SECOND, tO MZ AT 1/10 SECOND,
FREOUtNCY RANGE: fO HZ TO iSOMHZ- "SS MH2 TYPICAL].
SENSITIVITY: 10 MV ¥1MS TO m MH2, 2d MV RMS TO «0 MHZ TYP
MPUT IMl*EOANCE t MEGOHM AND 20 PF.

IDIODE PROTECTED INPITT FOR OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION. j
ACCWBACY: _^ \ PPM ■ * OOOl'^. 3 :AFTER CAUBflATlON TYPICAL.
STAfllLiTT WITHIN I PPM PER HOUR AFTER WARM UP [.Wi%^-- XTAL|
IC PACKAGE COUNT « fALL SOCKETED;
INTERNAL POWER Sl/PPiY. S V DC REGULATED.
INPUT POWER REQUIREf}: B*1Z VDC OR 115 VAC AT SO/60 HZ.
POWER CONSUMPTION: 4 WATTS

KITftFC-SOClS COMPLETE WITH PREDPaLEO CHASSIS AL
WIRED « TESTED UNITS ARE CALIBRATED

PLEXIGWS CABINETS

GrsjMor Clocks or any LED
Di^tral proiect Cl&ar-Pe<i
Chassis serves as Bezel lo
increase contrasi of d^^tur
SABINET I d<9Dtavs

3"H.BJ4"WJ)4"D Btach, Whit« or

Clear Cover

CABINET II

$6.50

REOOH GREY PLEXIGIAS FOR DIGITAL BEZELS

SEf THE WORKS Clocl KH

CI«Ar PttclQlit Stind

•<&Big 4' digits
4T2ar24hr time
«3sei switcties
*PluQ irans^Ofme^
»ail parts included

Piexigias is

Kit #850-4 CP

•23*» 2/*«. ^^

XTAL TIME BASE

Wiliena&l«
Digital Clock Kits
prCrock^Caiendaf
Ki(stooDerat«
*fom I2V0C
r«2- PC Board
Pow«rReq 5- 15V
{2 5 MA TYP J
Easy 3 wirehOc^Nup
Accuracy ± 2PPM

#TB-1 (Adjusiabie
Complete Kii I Jff

WIr &CalS0.95

L HARDWARE AND STEP-SY-STEP iNSTRUCTIOKS
AND GUARANTEED.

SPECIAL PRieiNG!

PRIME - HIGH SPEED RAM

21 L02-3

LOW POWER - FACTORY FRESH

1-24 $1.75 ea. 100-199 SI. 45 ea
2S-99 1-60 ea. 200-999 1.39 ea

*1.29

1000 AND OVER

ea.

S-aiBlT LEO CLOCK CRLEHORR KII

oRrs- wns-snoo3£ RLRRW $ mORS... m mi

FOR TME eUlLOER THAT WANTS THE BEST. FEAtUftlf^G 120R W HOUR TIME -

29-30-31 DAY CALENDAR, ALARM. SMOOZE AND AUX. TiMER CmCUtTS

Will alternate time 18 seconds) and date (2 seconds) or mav be wired for time or date dtsplav onlv.
with other functions of\ demand. Has buift in oscillator for battery back-upn A loud 24 hour aiarnfi
with a repeatabte 10 minute snooze alarm, alarm set & timer set indicators. Includes 110
VAC/SOHi power pack with cord and top Quafitv components through out. —-^^i^

KIT 70O1 B WITH 6 ^ 5 OJGITS *39 95
KIT 70O1C WITH 4 6 ■ DIGITS h

2 3 DIGITS FOR SECONDS M2 9&

KIT 7001XWITH6 6" DIGITS 445 95

700tC
DISPLAY

JUMBO DIGIT CLOCK

A complete Kit (less Cabinet) featuring :
six S' dtgits/MM5314 !C 12/24 Hr.
time, PC Boards, Transformer, Line
Cord, Switches and all Parts. Ideal Fit
in Cabinet II

Kit #5314-5 *19^® 2/*38-

ea.

70C1 *. OtSPL*^^'

SSSQSB

KITS ARE COMPLETE [tESSCABI^tETl
ALL TOOT KITS P<T CABINET t AND ACCEPT QUART2CRYSTAL TIME BASE KIT f T8 1

,?rjoi a L'li.F-Li'

^if^

JUMBO DIGIT AQg

CONVEBSTION K!T SI

Convert small digit LED clock to large
.5" displays. Kit includes 6 - LED's
Mulllplex PC Board & Hook up info.
KH #JD-1CC For Common Cathode
Kit #JD-1CA For Common Anode

PfllNTEO CIRCUIT BOARDS for CT 7O01 KHi
soki ^jeparaTfrry M*th a%se<mblv tnfo. PC B^G-ards are
dfilted F>be*did&$ solder pt»t«d and scre^^ned
¥rnh componcfit layout

AUTO BURGLAR
ALARM KIT

■«0*i|*JU.L. II tCH.1110 KLTlLIU iLtAAH HM

iHC;i.WH«& 0CI*4f1} cnA*«kiCi tmO M
KTftLCTOHt OW ArVMt.iitkf WtmB Jii*f)i

KIT#AiR-1
$9,95

tALR-IWT

WIRED &

TESTED

VARIABLf REGULATED

I AMP
POWEA SUPPLY KIT

A isf^-^rK- i,i,r'.^4j'T PROOF

■ T23 IC HeSULATOS

» ^i30i5 PASS TIlANSiSTOH
• CumREMT LiMmMG AT I Amp
AIT t$ COMPlETC INGUIOIMG
QRillEC» & SOLDEA PtAtCO
Fr&ERGLASS PC SOARO AND
I'.L PARTS iLeM TRAfttS,,

■ . =^M£Ri KlTtPS-Of it tS
■' iNSFOflMEPi ;4'^ CT *'<!

■ Je 3QQUA of iZVAifid

a^^*

v^B

MODEL

t200l

H"OISnS!

12 VOLT AC or
DC POWERED

!H 0135

6 jyPMBQ A- R£D LCD S fiEHlHD RED FILTER LElsrS WlT» CHROME RIH

SET TIME FROM FRONT ¥IA HIDDEN SWITCHES • 12/24-Hf. TIME FORMAT

STYLISH CHARCOAL GRAY CASE OF MOLDED HIGH TEMP- PLASTIC

6R}0CE POWER INPUT CIRCUITRY — TWO WIRE NO POLARITY HODK-UP|

OPTIONAL CONNECTION TO BLANK DiSPLAT! Use When Key Olf *n C»r, Elc;.|

« TOP OUALJTY PC BOARDS I
« MOUNTINa BRACKET INCLUD£D
KIT *2v^l A^^i^gg

COMPONENTS - INSTauCnONS.

COMPLETE ^n

% OR
MORE

115 VAC

Power PdCk

*AC-t

ASSEMBLED UNITS WlAED & TESTED

ORDER »20D1 WT jLESS 9V BATT^HTJ

WiFEd for rS'Hr Qp. H rwt QthtwiM ipgcHied.

♦ 3796

3 OH
MORE

U J ea.

OPTOELECTRONICS, INC.

OADER &Y PHONE OA MAIL
COO ORDERS WELCOME

BOX 219 HOLLYWOOD. FLA. 33022
PHONE [305] 921-2056 / 921-4425

ORDERS TO USA 4 CANADA ADD 5 ' FOR SHIPPING.
NANDLtNG & INSURANCE. ALL OTHERS ADD ^^^' .
ADDITIONAL Si 00 CHARGE FOR ORDERS UNDER
SIS oq - COD FEE SI. 00, FLA. RES, ADD * r STATE
TAX

237

TRICO TRICO TR<CO TRICO TflICO TRICO TRICO

TRICO TRICO TRICO TRICO TRICO TRICO TRICO

30 MHZ LOW COST FREQUENCY COUNTER KIT

Features:

* Frequency Range— IOOH2 to 30H2 min., Tesolution tOO Hz

* AllTTL Circuitrv—Mo tears in the eyes when replacing ICs

* FET Input Stage— Offers high input impedance

* Hfgh Sensitivity— ISmV typical

* Xytal Time Base— IOMH2 for better accuracy

* On Board Regulator— No external power supply needed

* All iCs Socketed— Easy to service

* Easy to Operste— No switches to flip

* Tin Plated 8t Screened Board— For easy assembly

KIT INCLUDES: Detailed Instructions (22 pages). All parts includmg transformer (case not available^

CI i A *

COMPARE

and

SAVE!

)i4

t,,**p.-*j»^

,,*-^#r#r##»ii*''

$54

KPT *T-2*<|-S0fi

PUT YOUR HAM GEAR OR CB IN YOUR HOUSE WITH THIS SPECIALLY DESIGNED POWER SUPPLY KIT!

A lot of compsnies offered you this kind of power supply with very poor quality- Either the rippie is too high or the output voltage
is not stable. Some of them even made their power supply with a zener diode and a resistor J Mobody has ever considered the safety
of your equipment. With our kit, you can be sure of high quality and your equipment is protected against any failure of your power
supply by 3 built in OVP circuit.

KIT IfVCLUDES: Transformer, PC Board, Larqe heat sink. Large filtering ONLY ftlfi fifi

capacitor and all the parts with detailed instruction.

KIT *r-Tao

WOW! LOOK AT THIS !

5V 10A Power Supply Kit for your
TTL Circuits!

Kit Includes: Extra Large Heat Smk^ Pow-
er Jr., IC Regulator, P.C. Board, with OVP
Circuitfv. „„ ^ $1 T ,95

KIT # T-500

With optional m
Fih^rin^ Capacitor.

Rectifiers and

$14.95

fX 'former not available)

6-DIGIT AUTO CLOCK KIT WITH ALARM

C. X'tal tirr^etigiE

Features:

A. Fairchild0,5" FND 500
Series Dispiav ^' ^^ Boartis, speaker, iC's

B. Dispiav Boafd mav be ^"^ »" f^^rts.

remote

E- Detailed Instructions

$19^5

KIT # T-I34J2

MINIATURE SLIDE SWITCH

DPDT .20 each

10 for $1.75

100 for $15.00

HERE'S A MUST POR THE EXPERIMENTER'

2 ■20V @ 1 .3A Contmuously VanablB Pow-
er SuppEv Kit, Kh Include^; P.C, Board,
Transformer, Power Transistor, Heat Sink,
IC Regui^ator & sH the parts v^ith detailed
instruction, ^1 ?' QR

KIT # T^BI

0,B" 4 Digit Jumbo Display Alarm Clock Kit

Features: T>Jf« .^

A. Fairchild 0.8" FSC8000 Display Array 4 q. ^ 'S

B. Fairchtfd Super-Chip - F-3817PC '^ ^N^l

C. P.C. Board, Transformer, Speaker and all
parts included {less case) Sifi SO

D. Detailed Instructions

PUSH BUTTON SWITCH

Red, Wlilte, green and
yellow 30« ea. 4/$1,00

3'' GIANT SOLAR CELLS

The largest, most powerful solar cells
available. 0.9amp @ Q,45V. C^n be
ganged for higher voltage or current-
Special for just $7.35 ea.
10 for $69.95

POWER TRANSISTORS

MATCHED PAER
MOTOROLA M J £2955 PNP
MJE3055 NPN
10 AMP 60 VOLT 90 WATTS
S2.25PERPA<R

MULTI-COLOR LED (NOrCATOR

Red -Green Colore in one LED

with Pl^tic Housing

99(t Ea.
Voltage 2V 20 MA per LED

MINIATURE TOGGLE SWITCH

SPOT On-Off $1 .30 ea.
DPDT OnOff $1.50 ea.
3PDT On -Off $1.75ea.

Mini-Size Rocker Type
also available at the same psrice

CLOCK CHIPS

MM5375AA $4.25 MM5375AE S4.25

TRANSISTORS

NPN-Gener&t Purpose 30V 10/$1 .00
PNP-General Purpose 30V 10/$1 .00
2N2222-SwFtchfng 10/$1.50

2N3O55-150W Power l0/$6.73

2N6059-Dartrngtori Power, $3.25 ea.
20A HFE Ik Tvpieal

PLASTIC PUSH BUTTON SWITCH

J-1S3-1 Push On - Push Off

J-188-3 Normally Closed

J-188-2 Mormaliy Open

45t or 10y$4.00

CPU S080A
ONLY$16.9S

Special from Tl

2716 - 16K FROM

ONLY $39.95

CRYSTALS

1MHz $4 -SO

4MHz $4.50

10MHz $4.50

INTER -COM BOARD

Fuifv assembled.

Works on 9--1BVD.C.

2 ^eakers make it work.

WEth Schemat/tc

ONLY $3.00

TANTALUM
CAPACITORS

1p35V .15

1)U10V ,15

3.3ju35V .20

lOjuBOV .35

^2jLt35V ,25

BOURNS TRIMPOT

Cdmmercial Single Turn 2K 3305P

$L2SaB, 10y$10.00

Cerrnet Mil. Sp^. Multi-Turn 1K & 2K PJ24CX

$3.00 63. 10/$25.00

PANEL METERS

2'A" X 27*"
50nnA $3.00 150mA $3.00
100mA £3.00 300mA $3.00

WIRE-WRAP TOOLS from OK

Hobby Wrap -30 $5.45

Hobby Wrap— Mode! 8W-630 Bat-
tery Op. (less batt.) $30.95

OPEN FRAME POWER SUPPLY

5V @ 3A with OVP 1 1 5V AC
input $17.50

LED's

0,20'^

0.20''

0.125"

0.5"

0.8"

Red 25« 10 for $1,75
Green 30* 10 for $2.50
Bed 2O4 10 for $1.75
FND503CX. $1,00

FND507 C.A. $1.00

FSCSOOOC.C. $5.00

COIVIPUTER GRADE
CAPACITORS

6,000 /UF 75V 4.50

10,000 /ZF SOV 4.25

27,000 JLtF 50V 4,50

30,000 jLtF 16V 3.50

36,000 jUF SOV 4.00

63,000 JtiF 15V 3.95

100,000 iX¥ 5V 2,00

PRIME FROM ERIE

10-40p M\n\ Capacitance Trimmer

75<J:ea, 10/$5.00

SPECIAL

THE MONTH

AN214'4.5W Power IG with spec. Supply voltage = 13V $2.96 ea.

IV1H0026-5MHZ Clock Driver
6V 130mA A/C Adaptor /charger
0.2" -Red Fairchild UE.D.
14-pin Lo pro IC Socket
16-pin Lo pro IC Socket

$1,95 ea.

$1.25 ea.
100/$ 10. 00
100/$ 16.00
100/$ 17. 00

03IH1 ODIHI ODIdi 03IU1 03101 OOlHl 03IU1

■rKiMui ctianji

' EtHimiERJCMI f

wet Or™;

T21

ODia±

TERMS: Money Qack Gustsniee

CALIF RESIDENTS AnO ft% SALES TAX

Please add $i .00 for posfa^t inside Calrf., $3,00 for
Out of State, Overseas add 10% of order
Minifnum QftSerSSOO CO.D. S30.00 fSl .QQ famdiin^f
STORE HOLIRS Mon.Sat , ID'7

PHONE 714/6 21-0234

ELECTRONIC SUPPLIES

Pteaie i&end your checK or money arder to:
P.O. Box 4208, Anatieim Ca, 92803
Visit our new lacation it:
2755 W. Lincoln A^e,, Sutte L. AnahBim. Ca- '&2801

Qomi 03IU1 ooiyi odibi o^mx odiwx oDmi

l>-*l

23S

Digital Research Corporation

16K E-PROM CARD

S 1 00(1 MSAl/ALTAIR) BUSS COMPATIBLE

DEALER INQUIRES INVITED
SPECIAL OFFER; Our 2708*s (hSO NS) are $12.95 when purchased wiih above kit.

$69,95(KiT)

IMAGINE HAVING 16K

OF SOFTWARE ON LINE AT ALL TIME!

KIT IKATURES:

L Double sided PC Board with solder mask and silk screen and

Gold plated contact Hngers.
2. Selectable wait states. /^ USES

J. All address lines ±tnd data lines buffered!

4. AH sockets included,

5, On card regulators.
KIT INCLUDES ALL PARTS AND SOCKETS! (EXCEPT 2708 s)

ADD S25 FOR
ASSEMBLED AND TESTED

FULLY STATIC! $149-00 KIT

MT FEATURES:

1. Double sided PC Board wiih solder mask and silk screen layout.
Gold plated contact fingers.

2. Ml sockets included! S^l 00 tlMSAI/ALTAIR)
.1. FuJly buffered on all address and data lines. BUSS COMPATIBLE

4. Phantom is jumper selectable to pin 67.

5. FOUR 7805 regulators are provided on card,

♦ — — *

8K LOW POWER RAM KIT!

USES
21L02-1
RAM'S.

PRICE WAR!

For a limited time only:
Buy two 8K Kits for $129 ea.

Fully Assembled and Burned In —
Blank PC Board With Dociimentation —

TAKE THAT BILL GODBOUT!

$179-00
29.95

COMPUTER GRADE CAP,

48,000 MFD 25 WVDC Malloiy

TR1602BUART

S4.50

$3.95

NEW!

T, L ASCII CHARACTER GENERATOR
TMS 4103 JC 28 PIN CER DIP. Has
seven bit COLUMN Output for use with
Matrix hard copy devices. With specs.

MOTOROLA imSR
VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Same as standard 7805 except 750 MA

OUTPUT. TO 220. 5VDC OUTPUT.

$ .44 each 10 FOR $3.95

» POSITION DIP SWITCH

By Cts. Fits \b Piti Socket.
SIM

RCA HOUSE #2N3772
NPN Power Transisior. 30 AMP,

150 W. VCEO 60. TO-3. Vastly oui
performs 2N3055. Reg. List $3.04

2 FOR SI

ifit^ '' 4K STATIC RAM'S '^^^i

21 14, The industry siaiidard. 18 PIN DIP, Arranged as IK X 4, Equivalent to
FOUR 21 L02*s in ONE package? TWO chips give 1 K X 8. with data.

2 FOR S24

450 N,S,!

NATIONAL SEML IVIA10U3 CAR CLOCK

Noi a kit. Complete tested mudule.
Works on 12 VDC. has on board time
base. Sold by others at S24.95. Big .30''
Bright Green Digits, Same as used by
Detroit in new cards.

« ■ >*f 1.*' 'H ■■ tt 1 *■ * *

t '■

■ i2 MS

' ■ <

$19.95

EDGE CONNECTOR — $hSO

Z - 80 PROGRAMMING MANUAL

By MOSTEK* the major Z - 80 second source. The most detailed explanation
ever on the workings of the Z - 80 CPU CHIPS. At least one full page on each
of the 158 Z - 80 instructions. A MUST reference manual for any user of the
Z - 80. 300 pages. Just off the press! A D,RX, exclusive! $12.95

2708

1KX8
EPROMS

2708

Prime new units from a major U.S. mfg,
h50 N.S. access lime. Equivalent to four
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Sl5.75each

TERMS; ORDERS UNDER S 15 ADD $ ,75. NO C.O-D, WE ACCEPT VISA, MASTER CHARGE AND AMERICAN
EXPRESS CARDS. MONEY BACK GUARANTEE ON ALL ITEMS. TEXAS RESIDENTS ADD 5% SALES TAX,

Digital Research Corporation

p. O, BOX 401247 • GARLAND, TEXAS 75040 •(214) 271-2461

(FORMERLY DRC)

WE PAY POSTAGe

D20

239

ADD 32K OF MEMORY TO
YOUR COMPUTER - $475

NOW YOU CAN PURCHASE FOUR OF OUR POPULAR 8K X 8
ECOKORAM lltm MEMORY KITS FOR $^^75. . .THAT' S 32K OF
MEMORY FOR LESS THAN $0-0019 PER BIT!

Those, who krtow memory recognize the Godbout board
as not just an exceptional value (it's no secret
we know how to keep costs down), but as an example
of how to pack extra options into a basic rrremory
board. Extras like a vector interrupt provision
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12A at 50% duty cycle.
.CiSV regulation J current
limiting, crowbar over-
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Excellent for powering
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line. Please include^
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I o o o

C LA O O
O ■ ♦ i

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10 Slot Motherboard $ 90

Includes 10 edge connectors; use as IMSAI add-on
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18 Slot Motherboard $ 124

Same features as above, but with IS slots + edge
connectors.

Terminator Board $29.50

Add active terminations to your bus, and clean
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TRANSISTORS

2M^F-\ ($A.95) 2 GHz RF

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•

• ••••••••••••••

• •••••••*•*•

The "Periodical Guiiie for Computerists'^
is an index of articles for the compu-
ter hobby^ist. Indexed by topic so you
can find articles you ^ re looking for
fast, or research a particular topic.
Covers magazines like Kilobaud, Byte,
Creative Computing,. 73, Dr, Dobbs, EDM,
Interface. . .many others. Ltd qty.

Jan-Dec 1976 index (2G pg) ...$S.OO

Jan "June 1977 index (ZZ pg) $S.O0

Both editions for .,.,.,...*...**,. $S . 00

• •••••••• lir • • • • •

A lot of people have been looking for-
ward to the Heath Company US.** and we
will be happy to supply you with 12 K
o£ meTTiory for it for {235, which i.s
what Heath charges for their 8K board.
Tl"tis kit has- th^ same features as our
8K X 8 ECtSiORAM TT™, with all static
design, full buffering, switched pro-
tect and phantom, our 2 block config-
uration, and guaranteed specs. All
parts warranted for one year.

• • • **•••••* •• •

TERMS; Add 50^ to orders under $U).
Please add 5^ to cover shipping i ex-
cess refunded. For ^lastercharge and
VISA orders (|15 minimum) call areia
code [415) 562-0636, 24 hours. We
accept COD orders if !>treet address
is included for UPS. Prices good
through cover month of magazine.

BILL GODBOUT ELECTRONICS
BOX 2355, OAKLAND AJRPORX CA 94614

FREE FLYER: Read any good books re-
cently? Our flyer isn't strong on
plot* but has quite a cast of char-
acters. Meet strong, silent power
supplies, seductive and exotic com-
puter ICs, ».even explore some of the
more passive types, like resistors
and capacitors. Send for itl

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1.00
1.Q0
1.00

i.oe

1.35
1.75
1.00
1.(M
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.M)
1.25

MAHefiffi
MAN S640

iMANQSeO

WAN 6710

MANa730

MAN 674fl

MAKti750

MAN fl7i5D

MAN&7BQ

01701

CH7Q2

DLTOi

CU707

dL741;

OL74«

01.747

DL74«

0133$
BilD70
FND5ffl«
F*IDS07

POLAJHITT m PfllCE

C^mmun ArmdB-gn[>ga .^ 1 M

CtiiilfriDn CachDda-aJa-npt.D.D. 560 1.^5

Common C¥ire*-orange 2 1 .560 1.25

ComftHi) Aimdt'Adll^ .560 1.25

Common Cattjgfls.oranga .560: t.JJ

CfrWJMnAnodfl-'ilKl'D.O 560 t.25

Common Aii>da.r«l.D-.G. .560 1.25

CniHT^ii Cfdnade-fed-Q.D. .560 125

Commm Ciifnoda-ffltl ±1 5B0 i.?5

CDrnman Anode'.nif .SfiO 1.25

Common Ci1hfji*-nea .560 1 .Z&

Qannmon Anode^ifil ±1 .300 1.00

CCjrnniD^ Gaithoda.ratt .300 1.^

CdmmiiMi CattiQd#.mtf .300 1.60

^;ofltsIXllt Anodt-rtd 300 T.50

OOinman Anade.mif .KH) l.'BS

{^cfitinDn AnQdff.rB{| ±1 ,'6^ (.'9^

Cdmmon A^ddiKd .flOiO 2.25

ComiKiii C?ttiodB-iB<l ± 1 .S30 1.'05

Gpmmon Cannn<ie-it<j .600 J.4S

Da«^iOii C^lhbd^^ild .110 .^

Comman Cattude IFND3£0) .250 .75

Common C3lHoiJcjFN&5ffl)) .500 Mi

Common Ancda I'FNDSIDJ .500 120

RCA

LM33MN(34(}1).4fl

LliEiaO^

LWsosen

MC£J&flV

UM75fSH

LM7534N

S03SB

LM75450

75451 CN

754aJCN

75453 C*J

7M540N

7&49TCW

7540M3lf

r^SJCN

flC4194

flC4t8§

.99

t.£5

1.85

lOO

.90

.75

4.S5

.49

.39

.70

.«9

5.95

CA»1J

2.15

CA3023

2.&$

CA3035

2.4B

CA3030

1 35

CAS044

1.30

CA30S3

l.iO

CA3059

3.25

CA3D60

3.SS

C^PW

.85

Cfl3Klt

2.0D

1-24

8 pm

S 17

14 Sin

.20

le.iKn

1.B pm

.29

22 pin

14 mn

SJ!?

leurn

.30

i3 pm

.35

!»l pill

.49

0 pin

6-30

14 plli

.35

■S pin

rB pm

UNEAR

[lA30g2
CA3m3
CA3fiSe
CA3I?a9
C43Q91
r:A31D2
{IA312a
CASISO
CA3140
GA34Q1

1.B0
.05
175
3.50
2.95
S.-f5
1.39
1.2S
.49
1.75

Ojlirt
^0 pm
14 pin
16 p<n
1& pin

t.*0
4^
.39

25-40
16
.19

.25
2J
.32
.J5

P
.32
.35

.38
.4?
50

XR^^^KB Hit $19.95

WAVEFORM

MNEHATORS

Xfl-20S S&.*!>

lCfl-220SCP S.SO

jtR-22Q7ep 3 as

EXAR

lilS^LtAPfEPLiS

iTENEp aEtrocyERi

KR-13il)Cf 13.20

.isRISlDEP 3.20

xfl-iaoop 3. a

■|iP.-25S7 2 pg

XR-22nCP
XH-413e

XR-T4&a

XR-14fla
1^-1469
KR-2203

S6 70
Z:.00
3 85
5.80

4.S&

5 2[h

ZZQCKA Kit

$14,96

HMEMS

SRS&BCP

g 49

.i!rt.320P

1 55

.t!fl;.S56CP

1.05

1!ft-J556CP

.i!R.224[)CP

4.0D

PHASE LQCKEB LOOPS

XfH-ZIQ

5.20

KR.215

6.GD

KR-5e7CP

i.%

SR'a57CT

1.7D

SaiDERTAtl

.27

35 50LDERT/^lLSTANDftRQ

.24

.30

LOW PROFILt [TIH\ SOCKETS

\^m

24 ptn
U m
3^ pin
40 ^m

28 pid
3$ pilt
4Dsin

24
29
32

SQLDERTm STAND A RO (GOLD)

24 pih

25 pin
36 pin
40 iiin

Wme WRAP SODKETS [GOLD} LEW EL *3

^^^^B '2epin

41 S&PJD

65 jO pill

i-24

45
flO.
.03.

S .99
139

1:59

1 70
1 10
I.7S

1 ^

.95

£1 05
1.40
JM

1-75

25-49
37
44
50
63

90
1.^0
145

53
1 [»
1.40
159

.95

1.45

1 W

741500

741S6S

741503

74LSm

74LS05

74lS(B

74LS1CI

74LS13

74LSt4

74LS20

74LS2e

7JISJ7

74LS2a

741530

74LS32

74L^0

74LS42

74LS47

74LS51

74LJS55

74LS73

74LS74

29
29-
.29
.35
35
,29
.29

1.75

.»

.3»

.30

.39

1.25

.29

74LS00 TTL

74LS?i
74LS70
74l,«5
74LSe5
74LBM

741392

74LS93

74LS95

74LB9«

?4l.Sf07

74LS1(M

74ISI1Z

74LSf2i

7414133

74J.Sf36

74LS130

7*[Jim

74tSl5l

74|.S15a

.49

t.75

2.4S

.49

.0^

t.BO

1.B9

.Sfl

1,25

1-25

t.25

1.25

l.£S

1.25

74LS1&5
74LSl!57
74lSi90
74LS1B1
74LS162
74U$153
7415104
74LS175
74LS181
74LS1W
74LS191
?4L$1i;
74L3193
74L$lS4
74L5195
74t£253
74LS257
7413260
?4lS279
74US367
74L.53S5
741S67D

1. 25
1.50
t.%
1 95
1.95
t.9S

1 95
1.95
3.G0

2 4g
2.^9
2.44
2.49

t.m

I.BO

i.n

t.75
.55
79
.99
,90

3.^

5Q PCS.

J^SST. 1
ASST. 2
ASST. 3
ASST. 4
ASST 5
ASST. 6
ASST. 7

ASST. aR

RESISTOR ASSORTMENTS $1.75 PEH ASST

10 OH*! 12CKM 15 0HM IS OHM 22 OHM
J M. if OHM 33 0\^ 39 0\m 47 ONM 56 OHM 1/4 WATt S^. - 50 PCS

50-1 DD
3e
43
58
61

1 15
fJO

.00

I 2S

t 45

.75

.aa

f 10
1.30
40

5 tJ.

£ afl.

Gil

5 as.

5t».

5u.

ej OHM

OS'JHiM

lOil QH^M

l?«OHM

?S0 OHM

100 OHM

J2Q OHM

rra ohm

syjOrtM

390£IHM

470 OHM

&50C*1H

gflOOHM

a^E} am}

11^.

^.■^.

1 iK:

i.eK

2.2K

27K

3.3K

3 3Si

4.7K-

S,8K

6:eK

0.2K

IflK

22K

27K

■33X.

39K

^?K.

56K

9?K

1DW

law

tSOh

100K

220K

270K

33Qk

39eK

470K;

550K

OSOK

a2GK

lbs

^■m

i-sw

1 BM

2.ai

2 7M

3.3U

3 9M

4 7M

5.8M

f n cl ud 65 Res isto r Asso rtm en ts 1 - 7 ( 3 50 PCS , }

1/4 WAH 5% - 50 PCS.

1^4 WATT SV, • SO PCS

1/4 WATT 5% - M PCS.

1/4 WATT 5^, .- »PC$.

V4 WATT 5% - 50PC5.

Irt WATT 5% ' MFCS.

U.M Minimum 0nl4r — U.$. Fundt Only
Cl^ltfifllll Ml^diilb — Md S^ Kilii Tii

Spec Sliielt ■ fSip ^ SajhI 3S< Stamp roF lfl7l CilaJoii
D>valer FnlDrniilini Jlvillibli

1978
CATALOG

KOW
AVAILABLE

ELECTRONICS

1021 -A HOWARD AVE., SAN CARLOS, CA- 94070
PHON£ ORDERS WELCOIVIE — (415) 532 8097
Alt AdvartiawJ PHc«« <^ood thru DKtmlir

S34.95

( uiEit-ifts i^a^ in-5.iiCaa i

HOBBY -WRAP TOOL-BW-630

Batt^jv OpiT^tsd (Size C!
Weighs ONLY 11 OuJices
W^aps 30 AWG Wife onto
Stgrditrd. DIP Scckels [.02S inch J
Complete mn CmlltHn bit 9iic9 $Je@v€

WIRE-WRAP KIT ^ WK^2-W

WRAP * STRIP » UNWRAP

• Tool foi 3Q AWG Wire

• Han of 50 ft. White cr B-lne 30 AWG Wire

• 50 pes, Bach V\ Z\ T & 4" iefiflt^a —
pre -stripped wrra.

$1195

^.. :^^'''^ WIRE WRAP TOOL WSU-30

■Pi"^ WMP * STftIP , UHWmP -t5.95

WRE WRAP WIRE — 30 AWG

£5ft.niin,$1.25 SOft.Sl.95 10Qft.J2.9S lOOOtt S15.00
SPECJ FV COLOR — Whire - Yellow ■ Red - Green - Pw - Black

WIRE DISPENSER — WO^30

• 50 ft. roH 30 AWG KYNAR wire wnp wire $3 45 ia

• Cuts wire to (!&$ln&d lertyth

• Strips 1" of ifisiHalJort Spadty — Slue -Yellow-W^i^i■ Red

flEPlACEAIEMT OISI-EHS£fl SPOOLS FOR WD M

SpecMy blue, yellow, white ar red $1.98/S{>OOl

DiP/IC INSEHTION TOOL WITH FIK STRAIGHTS

Inserts tiQtii 14 ancl 16 piri packages. Pin Straigfitensr

bititt into Handle.

Modal INS-1416 S3.49/ea.

HP 5082-7400 SERIES — MULTI-OIGIT

^A" tit. • Common Cattimte fled 2 Digrt

3-S volts (d! 5 miJs/second 3 DigEt

7 ^gmeni h^onolilhic 4 Digit

Dip Packap 5 Digit

10 '&r mori
.79 .69

m 79

.19 M

TV GAME CHIP SET — $9.95

l[idude& AY -3 -3500-1 CliJp and 2-010 mh2 crystal
(2.010 crystal — 81.95 M/AY-3-S5QQ-1 Chip — S3. 95 pa.)

ZENERS -

TYPE

1N740

1N751A

INTS?

IhJW

1K754

1K9S^

iNS&se

1K5232

H15234

1N5f35

1NSJ36

1tl45&

1N453

1N4teA

1114001

1N40ai

1N4e03

1N4«4

tfOLia

3.3

5.1

s.$

e.o

B.2

5.6

Its
7.5
?5
15Q
ISO
50PIV
IDOPfV
200 PIV
400 PIV

4ajirim

4D0m

40Oiin

40Oni
4Wlkn

50Of1i
5Q0m
500m
■5QCm

4flm
7ffi

Tflffl
1 AMP
1 AMP'
1 AMP
1 AMP

OIODES -

pflicE rm

4i>1 ,00
4,'1.00
4^1.00
4.'T.00
4.'1 .00

a.'T.oo

4^f.0O
26
20

0/1 CO

ftn DO

12/1.00
12/1.00
12/1.00
12.'1.00

1N40O5
1N400e
tN40D7

iN3eoa

1N414S
1H4154
ir44^5
1H4734
1N4735
1N473^
1H4730
IN4742
1N4744
1h1ie3
INII&i:
tMTl65

re^iiB^

INI IBS

RECTIFIERS

VDLT1 W

900 PIV t AMP

000 piv 1 mp

1000 PW 1 MIP

5.6

B.2

50 PIV
too CIV
150 PIV

mpw

400 PIV

2QCm

Ifrn

lOffl

23m
IW
1«
1w
1A
1*
1*

3&AMP
35 AMP
35 AMP
^aMP
35 AMP

pwa

10/1 .00

Iftfl.OO

10/1.00

5/1.00

1^/1,00

12.1.00

20.^.00

F.60

1.70

1.50

1.»

3.D0

SCR ANO FW BRIDGE RECTIFIERS

C3g0 15A^^4«JV SCft Si. 95

C36H 3iA@2«!V SCR 1.05

2N23SB 1.6A@aHJV SCfl ,60

WCIA 360-1 12A@50V FW BRIPH ABC. I.SS

UPS.JUH

2f»ll

vtmu

fttHH

MJBKS

p«tse7
matA

llfl.DO

Sfli.pa
*mM

44100

i w

11.^

moq

s^ioo

s4ioa

£.«!.»
4t1.l»
iitr.DD

TRANSISTORS

aam-

3N3«a

KiJHd

21MH

9(4013
H40H

Siii -a
Ml 0?

S41-W
ft.W

s.as

V%tOIS

Vi\.<Ki
Bijr.Mi

4,11 .[R

IfArALITUn » vou c£iuhic

I -I 1D'4S 60-100

.0* .ro .oaw

04
.04

?.li44H
!»*+«!
1N44i«

vutta

mUM

SNSOW
2NS1J^

£HS2m
2K513f
2I444*
]NiH1

4040V
JM10

4il1W

4410)
4i1] dO

4ffl.i.m
4,11 .m

i>+1 .ol
^H-.DI)

h¥1,H

ceo
fdi.m

1*75
trT5

10 pj

nvi

47 pf
100 p(
220 pJ
470 pr

-E15
,05
.05

05
-05

CORNER

t-9 10-49 50-105
.OS .04 .OSS

.03
.03
.M
.03
.035

.D047^F
.01.RF

.047fiF
.f^F

.05
.OS

.OS

.04
.04
.OS
.05
90

ooKm
.am

.«047[iif

oirni

1H VOLT MTUUI FILM CAPiUMTtJflB
15 IQ .07 .MEmt ,iS t1

12 10 ,07 ,047liir ,21 17

n 10 .07 .1m1 .27 .23

.12 .10 .07 .22M .33 .37

+ 20% DIPPED TAitTALUMS (SOUP) CAMCtTORS

.035
095

.04

.04
.375

.0«
.13

.17

.lOSV

.^$

1.M5V

2«

.21

.1S/5SV

.20

.17

2.2i*2SV

.31

.27

.22

.22:j'35V

.2B

.23

.17

^.3^SV

.31

.27

.22

.33,'asv

• Si

.17

4.7/25V

.23

.47/3SV

.20

.23

.17

iS.B.;25V

.38

.11

.Bfl/3SV

.17

1D/2SV

.35

.^9

l.Di'3SV

.if3

.17

15/S5V

,40

M1NUTURE AUUHMIlM nEUTIHllimC CXFAClTanS

Ailii Lnit

R*Ml1 Lllid

.47/5QV

.15

.>3

.10

.iri-Kv

.T5

.10

liWSOV

.14

,1t

47jtlSV

.14

.11

3,3li'50V

.10

.13

.10

t.o/iev

.13

.10

47ra5V

.16

.14

.1^

1.0.ra5V

.14

■ Tl

10/JSv

.11

.10

1 oysov

.11

to.'Bav

.10

.14

.12

4.7.116V

.15

.10

22^2SV

.17

.15

4.7f2iV

.13

.10

22^50\'

.20

.IB

4.7^5aV

.11

47.i'25V

.10

.17

10^16V

.09

47/5DV

.25

.21

.1«

T0i'25V

.15

.13

.10

100,'2SV

.24

.20

.18

10/HV

.re

-12

1DO/50V

.35

.30

47/SDV

.Z1

,19

HO.^V

.3?

.25

.£5

1K);1«V

.19

.15

220,'50V

.45

.41

3fl

i(M,'iav

.24

.20

.10

470.'25V

.35

.sa

lomm

.35

.30

2«

DOOiJieV

.55

.50

.45

22Q/16iV

.23

.17

i2«imv

.70

.^i

.55

470/av

.31

.ii

.20.

241

High i^uaUfy todrcH f^or lOi «nd PC Ii^t«rconn*^«m,
Clhsck: «jr ^i<«i c«^ f^uEitity- you «rMt vom why TK)-TEi^
^ foft b«peiii1ng[ th« faader in IC H>dc«ti^

Low PfdHle DIP Solder Toil flTn)
En«t /Sick itcickabie on J 00^ Oftnltn

r^ ro-a4 25-100

SKT'<I«02 i pTfi

J5 J5

.14

r402 Upln

JB J7

1^2 I6f in

.20 . t*

leOZ l&pln

*27 .26

.35

2002 20pirt

.2? ,2B

.27

2202 22pin

.35 .34

,33

2AQ2 24pln

.36 .35

.34

2802 2epin

.42 .41

.40

4002 40p;ti

.60 .57

.KJ

3 L«»l Win V/fof? Gold

1-9

10-24 25-IOC fi

;.ia*(400 .38

.37 .36 ^

1600 .42

.41 .40

leoo .73

.65 ,59

2400 too

.91 .©

W 1

40DO LA9

1,^] L37

MUON CABLE IC SNTEtCONNECTS

ff^o 0< Ptl».

4- 4 # '» •! r

''4P «»««#* 2 49

gNGJE END

Lfennth

■>..#«*

DOUBLE END
2.fl7 2.97
3.13 3,24
4,75 4,94

'>^

AHIitiHiiin

Din

DtTI Dl.

200 Voir, 30 Amp ftftlDGe
HI current brfdg* Tn ract-
origulor caift« Hoi tnta^ra!

coolings . An everitock at a
large equiprnant monufact-
unir bringi you □ borgoln
from et Fdimoui Sfldii^Conduc^or man\jfot:tur& ,t,***^t*
BRR-223QM... S2.0Q

Latching Rood Relcxy

M^ntatur^ r««d nitfix with 2 corli and iBtch^ftg md.
Ub« otit eef I fo tei^ othea^ to roAt or reverie cun-ent
In en« ooll For oppoiite FuntcHona* Slfligll pel*-
iinf|l« ifwow Gofisiile'. P.C. Mounting. jRol«l at
13, 5V bur wofb 9vot on 12V, "

e¥i-t20ic.....,„....,^rS^^^H.*.^*45

G.E^PANaMETe

Arb^activ* raclDitsvlfr meter trori G.E. 's
HOtJZONTAl UNE. Model SO-! 57011,
0 to 2QV tfiole, 2J* ocfOH foce, 2 hoi*
jvtOMnt. Cgtotogfi for tMwe then S20,
Brond n*w In bcxm with honfwv«.

G£^aOV>.^ - 112,75

AJl

Wff NICAD CEltS

L2V »Ux [n transparent r«ctarbgulor ploiHcj

Cote* Riamoved frfwri equipment huf OtK.

Jut odd diirflt^ wQtef emd chorge*

Two $■£« to ehoie fr«n.

l! • 5 Amp Hour *...#.. £2 . 20

2.0 Amp Hoyr «i**i.*^*i4.»*-*-ii #2. p?

Populor Imparl germanium piswer troniistor in TO ^66
Uiod In many Impofted tope and record piox^ri, e^c*
2SB3fi7„,,. „.*.,, „,„,,.. , SI, 50

Her* w* 9r<>w og^Sni We're roovir^
tnto dur ntw loeotiod to serve you
bettirf . Qwdt eur nei# odki-ea sid

telephone flUMMif ■

Thtfui ^ helplftg w gioew I ! t U 1 1 1

MRF475

NPN SILICON RF POWER TRANSISTOR

.. ,« .d^^igned primarily fpr use Ir^ ilngle jtdebond tirieor ompllfler
aytput opp III cations tn dtJxoni band and other commun i cat! oni equip-
ment of>Qn3ting to 30 MHz,

O Charc[Ct»rizAd for Single Sideband ond Lorge-Sigtio I Amplifier
Sigrkul Amplifier
AppllcaHom Utilizing Low-^Levnf Modu lotion

O SpeciJIed 13.6 V^ 30MHi ChorocJ^flitiCi -
Output Pbwer = 12 W iW)
Mtnimuin Efflci*ficy « 40% (S»}
Qulpirf ^wer = 4,0 W (CWJ
MinJiftum Efficieiicy ^ 50% tCW>
Mmimni Power GqJn * 10 dl [ft? & C*/}

i^«*tf

v*'^Ml

u»«

_*iaa_

y'jK

f ^ —*<t9> %tm Vtfwft

Van

.- •^-ObS V«|-IB|t

VflO

V«

ijC

-^^^

•^

Tiir<^B^m««>n^

r^T«g

-ttw*Tl&

DTrect riplocwwnt ^ 2S0969 Fw
MRF-475....

b B + fe'i-eebi-i-ee-»i--ibb«s

-$4.B2

2N530I Super Tnin>)r

20PW 40V 30A NPN lUtccn tromiiiof In TO-3. Perfect for Pbwef

Supply po» el^nent. Mode by Motorolo for g ion r oomputer company

rtho over stacked t^em * yO*if :go1n.

2N5301 t House Mark J , ♦*»*$U25

HI Vol+oge HI ftjwer NPf^

G,E, D56W1 Es a 1400V, 5A H^ frotiititor in TO-3 com* Used In

Horizon to! deflection driver far color T,V. Of ony hi voltage hi pulie

energy appljcdtioru*

D56W1 . , ., * .42.55

IWWI74CS3B-1

Wk dtprt DVMI «i4t^ fnde«ilBMf

-I— F

DtftpuC

I r

i£

. tN-l

-knifniH i^niL^

V«k>VH-Vwll

rpmi rn 1

*'-T^ . '^*.

The MM74C935 Monolithic DVM circuit it mdnufoctured
u»ing il'artdard compltmentcry MOS{CMOS) technology.
A pul» modulation analog ^to-digital convenloo tedini-
qufl It utfld and raquirei no external pfaalilm compon*
entt. In oddltloni H^ls technique oilo^^^ the uie of o
ml^Qrencti volto^ thot is the lame polarity oi fha Input
valto9e,

Onie 5V(TTL) power tupply ii rDtqulred^ Opefattf^g with
3n itoloted wpply allows th« c^ontf«rslon of paitji^ oi
well Of PMgctflvft voltio^es. TKb sign of the input volfogs
il outosnoticoilly determ^rw^^ igid OiJtput on ihe ilgn pin.
If the po«er it^pply ii not tsototed, only on* polnriiy o^f
voltagie nny be oonv«rt«d.

THe oonvenjon rote It set by en intomot mcilliotor. THi
fir^vency of Am oacilli^tor ccei be sat by on extamel K^C
iietwioii w the oscillator opn be driven froei on ejctemol
fiwfiHficy tamvf. Whei using ihe e^twrial RC netw^Hs^
9 m^Mtm vove output h ov^fi Idble. It if UufwiMit to
rolv th^ g»ot c<ve hoi been token to tyndvtifiiz^t tSiglf
multiplexing with the A/B oofivfinJon timing fo eUmi-
-"ste noiie due to power supply traiuefif»#

T>ie MM74035 hm b«^ d«tgn«d to drive J-ttgmmt
multiplexed LED displays directly with the old of
enfetnol dl^it bvffen ond segment reii|tQn« \Jn$tf
condition of^ overrange, 'he overflow output wilt go high
and the dtiploy will re<id ^fOFL or -OFL, deper>dlng on
whether the input voltage is pti^itive Of negative < In
addition to thltf the moat significant digit li blanked
when zero.

A lt{irt cofivenl^on Input ond o conversion complete
output urn Included

FEATURES:
O Opeditet from single 5V tupply
O Converts OV to +]♦ 999 V
O Multiplexed 7-$egmient
O Drivea segmonti directly
O No exfemql precision component nroeflory
O Medigm speed - 20Qmv^oQnv«aion
O All ihputi and outputs ITL ooinpatrbl*
O Intemol dock »t with RC network or driven

ei^^e^nally
O No offset od|utt required
O OSfHTonge indicated by +OR.W "^FLdiipky

reod^ng ond OFLO ouiput
O Anoteg itputi m cqipliootiom diown ton withstond

+2!00 Volt]

APPUCAflONSr
O Low cqkI digitol poww «upp4y roodouti
O Low cQ$t digital miultimietiirf
O Low ooit djgitol panel melen
O Elimiinofe onolog multiplextng by utlng Jvnote A/t^

eviverteti
O Convert onalog transducen (temper^uref prvswret^

dl£placerT>ent^ etcj to diEjitol troniduoars

MM74C935N-I„ with speci..,, 116,96

J pecs only for 74Ct35 ■■.■.•*..f«ii.i«««»fp^«^S. 90

LM336Z (Reference diode

Preclilon 2V reference to be used with MM74C935-I

DVM ehtp.

UM33iZ. *.*»*..»♦ *..S2. 40

tRi-tek, inc.

7B0a N. 27TH AVENUE
PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85021

i^( i,mt^

We poy turfooe ihlpping on oil orders over SIO US, 515 foreign En US fundi,
Pi#ase odd extra for FInt clou or aU moil , Excess will be re Funded « Ofderi
under %[0f odd $1 Kondllng. Please odd 50^ InsLN'once. Moitof chorge ond
Bonk America tardi welco^ie, t$20 minimum). TelepKoPm tjf^mt moy b#
ploped lOAM to 5-30PM dolly^ Mon thru Fri, Coll (602) 995-9332.

decit reader lervf oe cord or seftd ^omp for oar lolvtt flym
dcjed with new ond turpi ut electronic componenn.

242

ALDELCO ELECTRONIC CENTER NOW OPEN!

Kits, Books, Boards, Magazmes. Special 2102LI 8 for $17.50, 80 80 A CPU Chip $19.95. We stock OK Battery Operated Wire Tool
$34.95. OK Hand Wire Wrapped Tool $5.95. 7400 ICs CMOS, Timers PLL's IC Sockets. All kinds of transistors, rectifiers and diodes. Plus
other electronic parts.

Add 5% for shipping. Add $1.00 for order under $10.00. Out of U.S.A. s&nd certified check or money order^ include shipping costs.

BUILD THE W7BEX PROGRAMMABLE KEYER. SOLID STATE PARTS WITH IC SOCKETS $42.00, WE CAN SUPPLY THE FOUR PC
BOARDS AND COMPREHENSIVE CONSTRUCTION MANUAL - ALL FOR ONLY $29,95.

National MAI 003

■ ■ ■ ■' ■ r

Actual Size - 1J5" x 3.05"

BRIGHT .3 FLUORESCENT DISPLAY
Same unit supplied as original equipmen^t m many neyv auto-
mobiles • 12 vott DG • Xtal timebase • 12 hour forrrtat •
completely assembled unit •dims to comfortable viewing when
qar lights are on • lovv standby power cor^sumption.

LIMITED SPECIAL All for ONLY $34-§a $19.95

PLUS - FREE

3 pu^ switches and choice of green,
blue or amber filter.

also good for marine and aircraft

100' Spool Green #3Q wire

Wrap Wire $2.75

OK Wire Hand Tool

WSy 3Q 5 95

WSli30lV1 (modified wrap) . 6.95
Battery operated wire-wrap tool
BW630 Wraps #30 wire 34.95
Uses 2 € Ban. not inc.
2 General Electric C Battgiies
and p|yg-in cl^arger 1 1.9B

• RECTIFIERS

2 amp 50 volt 20 for $1,00
2 amp 1000 volt 10 for $1,00
2 amp 1500 volt .5 for 1.00
1 0 amp $tud 50 volt . . 1 .50
10 amp stud 600 voll . 4.50
40 amp stud 50 volt . . 1.20
40 amp stud 750 volt . 2.05

100 amp, stud 200 v. 8,50

BRIDGES

2 amp T05 50 volt . . , , ,35

2 amp T05 200 volt ... .50
2ampT05 600 volt . . 1,25

3 amp. 50 volt 50

3 amp. 400 voit ., ... 1.10

25 amp. 200 volt 1.50

25 amp. 600 volt . . , . 5.50
25 amp. 1000 voit ... 8.50

VOLTAGE REGULATORS
T0Z2Q Package $1.00 each

Positive

Negative

780&

7905

7IKIG

7906

780&

7912

781Z

7915

781 &

7918

LM309H TO 5

$1.10

LM3Q9KT03 MD

LM72314piii OR TO 5 ... J5

• FETS

40673 1.55

^W t U t M ....... M

MPF102...

.-55

2N3819

..35

2N5457

..50

2N5458 ........

..50

2N5459

..55

2N54a5

..50

DARLINGTON

MPSA 13 .......

-.80

(VIPSA14

..40

2N5306 ,

..50

SCR

C 106A . ,

..55

C106B

..65

C 1228

..85

LOGIC PROBE KIT

Aldfiico i^ now the sole
distributor of the
DIGAFEAKE - A logic
probe kit. Now you can
buy direct and save. Proha
measures logic 1, logic 0.
and pulsing circuits con-
ditions formerly sold fof
$14.95.

SPECIAL $11.95

ACCUKEYERKIT Sim-
itar to thfl famous ABRL
HandbDDk version. Kit
mcludes PC board, IC
sockets, ICs. speaker
switch and all parts and
instructions,

ONLY $19.95

ACCUKEYER
MEMORY KIT
Adaptable to many keyers.
Can store 2 canned
messages of 30 characters
each. PC board IC sockets,
ICs instructions and all
parts. $19.95

CLOCK CHIPS

5313 3.49

5314 3.49

5316 ,. ,..3.95

6375 13.95

CT7001 ...6.95

RF DEVICES

2M2S76

18W

200 MHz TOGO

S12.3S

2W337S

z.m

400 MHz TQGG

2fl3&53

2,m

17&MHZ T039

1.40

2PJ3a66

tow

400 MHj T03a

2N3S26

175 MHz TOGO

6.30

7tiH2i

n&MHz T039

.2 N 558 9

3.[IW

175 MHz MT71

4.75

2 N 5590

row

175 HHt HT72

7^0

2N5591

2SiN

175 MH^ MT72

1015

2N5313

175W

t75MHj T039

1.70

ZNSQflO

4.0W

175 MHz MT72

5.40

2NBflB1

1SW

175 MHz MT7Z

B.45

2HmBl

ZSW

175 MHz MT72

TO.SS

2JV&033

30W

175 MHz MT72

12.30

2ME0B4

4DW

175 MHz MT72

1S.3Q

2WG0g4

4,aw

175iiflHz X1DGPNP

e.60

2N60S5

15W

175 MHz XIOePNP

&.5D

2Me(gs

175 MHz X106PNP

10.35

2KGmi

40UV

17^ MHz X1DGPNP

20.DQ

GE28

12W

50 MHz X51

2,15

GE4fi

B.QW

27 MHz TO 5

6.42

GE21S

5.5iW

60 MHz T0220

4,65

6E216

15W

50 MH; T022Q

a.97

GE2^6

EOMHf xai

2.m

NOW

[ZEWERS

1NT46[C5 IN 753

400 Nlw

ea .25

ir^472flio ]mni

1 wuatt

m6333ia 1NSJ7S

b wii[i

2 10

11^2370(0 1N30O&

]^^iU

240

Jhi330&io m3340

50wdM

4 75

2 Dual Digital
f2'24 itour cloclt kits

MODEL ALD5^

SiK bi9 -b Ctispiav t^Os. m an atUacK\v« bttck p)»«tic csbinvt with 4 r«ct
Frorkt fi1t«r Qt^sX fm a hjim or broadcast st»tiDri. S»i ane cJock Id GMt
Lhft dther to iDCat tim«- Or have a ^4 hour forrriial on orw cidch and TZ
hour an. l+ie ottwr. Frteje feature lets the clock be set to th* ledand.
Eflch clDck is «aoTTOH»d Stfp^talelv^ Cabinet rnaa$,urB& 2%" K 4%*' x
9'/'". Complete Kil S^ASb.

MODELAL07;

Four tonght .3 nvxie tube display. Cat»tn«t u an tmactiv* dwp blije

tmrtuding ffOrtt fih«. Will display seconds al the pmih of 4 buttign. An

asset to anv stati&n. Cabinet *jze js ZVm." x 3" k 3>%" . Complete Kit

$34.9rB.

Variable Power
Supply Kit

Specify J

2N:jy&&

2N3904ar2N3aOfi

2N5496or2Nei08

741 or 709 14 Pin DIP

&56 TifTiffi

.49

1N914-IM414S

. 15 Id. .93

irj34 IN&0IN64

lOfOp 99

CA302aDii Amp

15Q

Lf^3D^K Vpli Rfi9

2N6401 (rftp2N«aB)

2N2369

2M6103

.89

LM703or741 fl^inOlPOp Am# 45

14 ot lePirtlC Sdcteis

5 to 1S Voh:

12 to 23 Voit

unit

-SOO rtiA regulators feature
ciifreni (Emlting and
thE>rmal protect tan.

unly $6 .95 pCus £1 JQO shjpf>ing

^^^_

ALDELCO KITS

• NEW IMPROVED
ALARM CLOCK KIT

Digital alarm dock •Six big .5 display LEDs

• New an board AC Transfornner • 12 Hour
forrnat with 24 hour Alarm » Snooze
Feature • Elapsed time indicator.

A natural for cars, campers and mobile
homes. Use on 12 volt dc with optional
crystal time base (not including cabinet^

$19.95

• CRYSTAL TIME BASE KIT $4.95

Cabinets In simulated walnut grain or black

leather . $4.95

Plastic Cabinets — blue, black, white or

smoke , , , , $3,95

RED CLOCK FILTERS $,60

12 or 24 hour DIGITAL CLOCK KIT uses .5
display LED. 53H clock chip fit$ our stan-
dard cabinet. Freeze feature $18.95

BlJnky Flasher Kit

PC board. 555 & all parts works on 9 volts —
$2.50. Mouse button - $1.00

Ham TV Converter

use on

regular' TV
set

Covers 420 MHz amateur band. Works
on unused TV channeL

1^ rX <■■■■«■■.■■■ ■■■■*■■*«*■■&■ i^O" h? ■ %?w

Assembled 49.95

^2^

Aldeico presents a iSJ |^L \A^ battery operated
Frequency Counter Sc digital clock kit in one cabinet

FrBquenov Counter

TvP^caf 100 Hz to 40 MH?

Accuracv .00005%

Using a 0-4 Display this unit is switchabi© from Clock to
Counter vyhil© continuously keeping time. The clock can be
wired eitheir 4 or 6 digits and either 12 or 24 hour time.
Small size makes this an attractive unft for Auto or Boat use»
It operates on 12 VDC or from 8 A A NIcad batteries (not
supplied) with a bunt-in battery charger. Optional Plug-In
power supply allows chargtng and an operating source form
110 Volts AC.
Comes complete with Cabinet, Instructions and all parts.

Assembled ....... r . * 139.95

110 Voll AC Power Suppty 5-95

8 General Electric or Gould AA Micad Batteries * 17.95

Frequency Counter with Memory in place of Clock same
pricing.

ALDELCO

2281A BABYLON TURNPIKE, MERRICK NY 11566

516-378-4555

M^ry Christmas and a Hap!>y Prosperous New Year from Al & FhiL

243

S.D. SALES COMPANY

NOW THE ULTIMATE RAM BOARD

MEMOflV CAPACITY
MEMOflV ADDBESSlNfS

PROTECTION
iK, lett, 24K. 121£ uptnp Mm-
jtk MK411S wilti 9K iHjuiwd

witifi tdv&BU for 33K op9r«iKKi
C to t ttfiiki lac Mi-MTV.

1976: 16K. 32K, 48K. MK
uijn^ MMtlHk 4116 with liK

32K FOR $475.00

Buy an SI 00 compatible 8K Ram Board and
upqracte the same board to a maximum o*
3 2K ifi steps of 8K at your option by mereiy
purchasing more ram chips from S.D, Safes! A I
a guaranteed pfice — Look at the Fedtunes we
hav€ built into itie board.

PfllCES START AT $151. FOR 8K RAM KIT
Add SI 08 00 for each additional SK Ram

8oard fuUy assembed and tested forSBO. extra,

8K FOR $151.00

llfTERFACE CAFAdrLlTV
Cd-fllrot, data mmt KliJmi mpuH
uttllt^, t9H pemut Sehetiky

POWER HE OUiniMEMTS

»9VQC 400MADC

*1iVOC 4«MtA DC

-liVOC 30MA DC

on bcupd JvpjUli^n If prqwHi«d.

On ^(^rd lin«ilfb4*!r4frMh m

iP'omted wfiti no wart int« »

MEMOftY ACCESS TIME
tS IT&w.

8K LOW POWER RAM $159.9&

FiiUy assembled and tested. Nat a kit.

liTi53J -Altair - S-100 Buss compatible,
uses fow power static 2lL02'50Qns fuUy
buffered on board reflated, quality
plated through PC board, including solder
mask. 8 pos. dtp switches for address select.

Z-80 CPU BOARD KIT - Complete Kit $139.

CHECK THE ADVANCED FEATURES OF OUR Z^O CPU BOARD:
Expanded set of 158 instructions, BOeOA software capability, operation
from a single 5VDC power supply; afways stops on an Ml state, true s^nc
generated on card ia real plus feature!), dynamic refresh and NMI avai table,
either 2MH2 or 4 MHZ operation, quality double sided plaied through PC
board; parts plus sockets priced for a^i IC's. *Add SIO, extra for Z-80A Chip
which allows 4MHZ operation. Z-80 chip with Manual - $39 .9S

4K LOW POWER RAH KIT

Fully Buffered - on board regulated — re
duced power consumtpion utilizmg low
power 21L02 - 1 500ns RAMS - Sockets

Provided for all iC's. Quatity plated tfirough
C board. * Add S 1 0, for 250n s

RAM operation

The Whole Works $79.95

HIISICAL HORN

Ont Tunc Ud|ipl»ed witfi each kit. Addlt»«i4i Tvfct - $$■%
'.jrch. 5^»eia* iwwi aiaii1ab*e. £tvidpd t^^n-f fttiw tw^Wrii
-Otu* - Bftt Iff Tnua - Ofi Wii«v<iiin - ^t^km Dootf^
Oantfy - NcRre Oannv — ^mk Pantl*r - A«p* W*f Sfl*"3
A/whon A«My - N^vcr on Sundvy — YtTtisw JRofa of
Ttum - Daao rn the H^vt ui T«xs ^ BoOflw £d<Kwr -
Btidga tntt R ivet K ww

CAR S BOAT I^IT HOME KIT

"^"^J $34.95 $26.90

Jumbo LED Gar Clock Kit

DIGITAL LED READOUT
THERMOMETER - $29.95

Features: Litroni^ dual 1''2''
displays, UsesSilkoaix LD131
singfe chip CMOS A/0 con^
verter. Kit includes all nec-
essary parts (except case);
AC line cord and power
supply included. O 149* F

6 DIGIT ALARM CLOCK KIT

Features: Litronis^ dual 1/2'* displays, Mostek
50250 super clock chip, single LC. segment
driver, SCR digit drivers. Greatly simplified
construction More reliable and easier to build.
Kit includes all necessary parts (except caseK
Xfmr optional Eliminate the hassle — avoid
the 5314! Do not confuse ihe Non — Alarm
kits sold by our competition' *|rt Hc/lrlf
AC XFMR - SI. 50 Case S3.50 *1^.30/Kll

5 Digit Countdown Utility-
Darkroom Timer Kit - $44.95

I .-..rii'ii*', i_j|ioia LED i>" d up I oi V 1 , ci ^iia«
' > MciEtok ^DJ<i7 coiint?i tiiip\a^

'III i timiip 4i O.J lucond -TFrtEiiiiEin

fi^tti Q.I |a>c<?i'id tD h^ inlnLitu S^.^ sbc-
(ina, SA'li&V p*(4]i? ircludied to control
phcilogfaptiic •nlppgur, lun lamp, api^it-
ftnCQI-, TV, or ntMur fsqutpniDnt. al^orates
on 1 ] &y ACt cti^filJiVs cav be tuFTiad aff
tot Inlal Oflp^nnfis AppliGat-ian?, ^impk
ItUi^l buttC^n QpEirallD^i, use ill kitdiDn,
IchlCIOL EifTlCfl W I^SOffltofV. All nac-
«|il4iiV ptrH hncludad. 3 pBciial^ design Cd.«e
13.715

6 Digit General Purpose or
Computer Timer Kit - $29.95

Faaiures Larfje LED .jiumIjv-, Mm-i^ii t»Dut^,*/' counter

displav/thiysp, couriis up to B9 minuitflt. 59.99 BBCondt with
crvriBt confrDlftd lyiM wcornd edcuracy, oemupiih on 1 lEV AC or
1?V DC supply, UsA ii 10 ikme iff^tfphqn* caih. Mlhlvlic tiVMnl],
pnactii^ie umo, tchao\ ind Ittbaratory dMrDanitrniiuoii,
CKpariomanii, chfisi garriai, eic, T^mfl QDrnpiJior functlorti iri r^Al
Tirme mch at run t^niet an pfO(rrimi, lub fnuiiii»i «ni| orhor
computer com rolled ^veriA. Rcquirpt rwo isutput chaninEU for
^tart/'stop and dear contrala. All n^ciiiMrv laartt inebckiUi Sp4)c^lol
design mm $3.75

FEATURES

A. Se«vmv Jiainbe' S inefi LEt>4rT^^

MOSTEK - SDZSO - Supvt OOck chv0.

12 Of 2^ hDLif Real Tirn? toorwt,
Perfsct fof can. bosJs, nartf. etcu
PC Dodrd ofKf bI3 fiarfi tle^s c^iel i^ncu

AlaiiTj a|}Tio«ii - £1.5D

AC XFMR - Sl^O

e.
c

E.,

$16.95

Bowmar 4 Digit
LED Readout Array

4 JUMBO .50" DIGITS ON ONE STICK!
WITH COLONS & AM/PM INDICATDft

S3.95

RAM^S-CPD'S^PROM'S

21 L03 BOONS ,..,... 8/11.50

21 L02 250MS , 8/1 5.95

nOIA " 2S6 8/S4.00

1103- IK , .99

MK4T15 8K 19.45

74S 200 ' 256 , . 3.95

Full W' Lltronix Jumbo Dual
Digit LED Displays

DL 722 - C.C.

DL 721 - C.A.

d9c

DL 72B ■ C.C.

DL 727 - C.A.

$1.29

Low Cost Cassette Interface Kit

$14.95

Features: K,C, standrad 2400/1200 Hz, 300
Baud, TTL, 1/0 compatible, phase lock loop,
22 pin connector. Feeds serial data via micro-
processor-^ I/O ports and from cassette tapa
recorder $14.95

Z-80 includes manual, .
Z-80 A include* manual
8080ACPU8BtT..,..
8008 CPU 8 BIT ......

, 29.95
. 34,95
.11,95

t i- Oi90

1702A IK ' l.Sus 3.9S or 10/35.

2708 8K Intel 450m 14,95

5204 ^ 4K 7.95

823^29 "IK ,.. 2.50

2708S 8K signetics 650ns . . . . « . , 9.95

ITTOOAL

AMPLlFlin
7S234 Bnd TS23S

SPHACUE DUAL
D1FFER€NTtAL

AMP Tpicn

49c«kPi

^ DISC CAP #

'^ASSORTMENT

PC leads. At least
10 different values,
tncludes ,001.. .01,
*05 + other standard
values 60/Sl.OO

JOYSTtCKSr

4-1 OOK

POTS

$3.95 eadi

39 MFD
16V Mai lory
Electrolytic

15/$1.00

P.C. LEAD

DIODES

1N4148/1N914

100/82.00

REStSTOfl *
ASSORTMENT

PC leads
A good fnix of
values, SPECIAL'
200/S2.00

* 1000 MFD

FILTER CAPS
Rated 35 WVDC
Upright style with
PC leads. Many pop
ular vaiues. 4/$1.

FLAT PACK
5400 SERIES

20asst. devices

for SI. 00

POWER RESISTOR

15 OHM

25VVbv

CLAROSTAT

Microprocessor Chips

8212 - t/O port . . . . , 3,50

8214-P,I.C 12.95

8216 - Non Invert Bus 4.9S

8224 - Clock Gen 4,95

3226 — Invert Bus. 3.95

PlOforZ^SO 14.95

CTC for Z-80 ,....,. 14.95

8228 Sys. Contro[ler. 8.20

825! Prog, comm, interface 10.95

8255 Prog, perp, interface. ...... 1 3.50

8820 Dual Line Recr U7B

8S30 Dual Line Or ..... 1.75

2513 Char, Geo__. 7,50

3^38 Quad Bus. Recvr. .......... 2.00

74LS138N - 1/8 decoder .99

8T97Hex Tri-State Buffer 1.2S

1488n489 RS232- 150

TR1602B Uart ., . . 3.95

Counter Chips

ITT PART NO.

SAJ 110

Ideal for electronic

tnusie circuitB

7 stage freq.dividers.

49c each

MK5D397 6 Digit elapsed timer 8.95

MK5O250 Alam^ clock 4.99

MK50380 Alamn chip . . . . _ 2.95

MK50396 6 digit up/down counter 1 2,95
MK5O02 4 digit counter . . , 8 95

MK5021 ' CaL chip sq. root . 2.50

S. D. SALES CO

• An Em|ib« i *tA. CA.

P. O. BOX 28S10 - A
DALLAS, TEXAS 75228

Call in yotir Visa or MasteTt^argi
in on our Toll Free Watts Line:

1^^CX)-527'346Q

Texas Be$id«ril> all Coll#et^

21 4/271 --0022
Dealer Inquinas Invitadt

m DA Y MONEY
BACK GUARANTEED

P«0 COlXv TEXAS FteSlDEMTS AOO fi% SALES
TAX. ADO 5%. OF Of^DEP^ FOR POSTAGE ft
HAIiDUf4G. OFtOERS UlMDEH ftO. AOO 73c
NAMDUr^. FOREIGN OHOEFTS > US FUNDS

owtvr

Choose $1, Free MerchandisB From Asterisk Hems on each $t5. Order!

244

„800-43''i-i^^*

1-800-233-0250

,800

^x->n

4634

''f^^.

^00. A'

^*mu..

DO-22 8-4097

■'^'^0^T^,.

Just call us . . .Toll Free!

for the famous

HAM-KEYS

Model HK-1

• Use wUh HK-5 or any
electronic keyer

• Heavy base with non-siip
rubber feet

• paddles reversible for wicfe-
or close-
finger
spacing

Termmals, red or black. $.75 each

Model HK-4

Cofnbmaljon of HK-1 and HK-3
on same base

Base only

with rubber feet S 1 2.00

Model IIK-2

Same as HK-t less base for

incorporation in own keyer

Navy type knob, o^^y 52.75

Model HK-3

• De(ujte sfrajght key

• Heavy base no need to
aitach to desk

• Velvet smooth action

Model HK-3A

■ Same as above
less base $9.95

,ai^o^°9

e 'ST IS »=^ .-^^

Speed, votuine. tone and weight
controls all mounted on front
panel

For use with external paddle, such

as HK-1 or HK-4

Can be used as Code p^ractfce

osciilator with straight-key. such as HK-3

Model HK-SA
Electronic Keyer

• New Cabinet Colored-Keyed

to Match most modern radi-o
equipment

• Iambic Circuit for" squeeze
keying

• Se^f-completing dots and
dashes

• Dot memory

• Batiery operated wnth
pfovistcin for external power

■ Built-m sfde-tone monitor

• Grid block or direct keymg

FOR NEW OR USED
AMATEUR RADIO

GEAR . . . we're specialists
and carry \n stock most of the

famous-brand lines. Or, we will
talk trade.

FOR FAST, DOOR-
STEP DELI VERY

giveusacall. YouH be amazed;
for we guarantee weHI ship
your equipment the same day.

Plus, most shipments are PR E-
PAID,

TO SAVE MONEY

. . , Join thousands of our satis-
fied customers who buy from
us as easily as from their local
supplier. So, remember your
call is Toll Free.

We welcome your Master Charge or VISA/BankAmerrcard,

HAM RADIO CENTER , INC.

S34d"42 Olive Blvd. RO. Box 28271 St, Louis, MO 63132

245

DIODES/ZENERS

SOCKETS/BRIDGES

TRANSISTORS, LEDS, etc.

1N914 lOOv

10mA .05

8-pin pcb ,25 ww .45

2N2222 NPN (Plastic .10^

.15

1N4005 600v

1A .08

1 4-pin pcb .25 ww .40

2N2907 PNP

,15

1N4QQ7 lOOOv

1A ,15

t6-pln pcb .25 ww .40

2N3906 PNP

.10

1N4I48 75w

mA .05

18-pin pcb *25 ww .75

2N3054 NPN

.35

IN 753 A 6.2v

I .25

22 -pin pcb .45 ww 1,25

2ISJ3055 NPN 15A 60v

.50

IN 758 A lOv

t .25

24-pin pcb *3S ww 1.10

T1P125 PNP Darlington

.35

IN 759 A 12v

I .25

28-pin pcb .35 ww 1,45

LED Green, Red, Clear

.15

1N4733 5,1 V

I .25

40-pm pcb .50 ww 1.25

D.L.747 7 seg 5/8" high com-anode 1 .95 |

IN 5243 13v

E .25

Moiex pins .01 To-3 Sockets ,45

XAN72 7 seg com-anode

1.50

1N5244B 14v

I ,25

MK * ^1^ KM .^ Jk idh ^ irib^k

FND 359 Bed 7 seg com -cat ho da

1.25

1 N 5245B 1 Sv

z .25

2 Amp Bridge 10D-prv 1 .20
25 Amp Bridge 200-prv 1 .95

1 C MOS

T T L -

4000 .15

7400

.15

7473 .25

741 76 1 .25

74H72 .55

74S133

.45

4001 .20

7401

.15

7474 .35

74180 .85

74 HI 01 .75

74S140

.75

4002 ,20

7402

.20

7475 ,35

74181 2.25

74 HI 03 .75

74S151

.35

4004 3.95

7403

.20

7476 .30

74182 .95

74 HI 06 m

74S153

.35

4006 1.20

7404

.15

7480 .55

74190 1.75

74S1 57

.80

4007 .35

7405

.25

7481 .75

74191 1.35

74 LOO .35

74S1 58

.35

4008 .95

7406

.35

7483 .95

74192 1.65

74L02 .35

74S194

1.05

4009 ,30

7407

.55

7485 ,95

74193 .85

74 L03 .30

74S257 (812:»

.25

4010 .45

7408

.25

7486 .30

74194 1.25

74L04 .35

401 1 .20

7409

.15

7489 1.3S

74195 .95

74L10 .35

74LS00

.35

4012 ,20

7410

.10

7490 .55

74196 1,25

74L20 ,35

74LS01

.35

401 3 .40

7411

.25

7491 ,95

74197 1.25

74L30 .45

74LS02

.35

4014 1.10

7412

.30

7492 .95

74198 Z35

74L47 1 .95

74LS04

.35

4015 ,96

7413

.45

7493 .40

74221 KOO

74L51 .45

74 LS05

.45

4016 .35

7414

1.10

7494 1 .25

74367 ,85

74L55 ,65

74LS08

.35

4017 1.10

7416

.25

7495 ,60

74L72 ,45

74LS09

.35

4018 1.10

7417

.40

7496 .80

751 08A .35

74L73 -40

74LS10

.35

4019 .60

7420

.15

74100 1,85

75110 .35

74L74 .45

74LS11

.35

4020 ,85

7426

.30

74107 .35

75491 .50

74L75 .55

74LS20

.35

4021 1.35

7427

.45

74121 .35

75492 .60

74L93 .55

74LS21

.25

4022 .95

7430

.15

74122 .55

74L123 .55

74LS22

.25

4023 .25

7432

.30

74123 ,55

74HD0 .25

74LS32

.40

4024 J5

7437

.35

74125 .45

74 HOI .25

74S00 .55

74LS37

.3S

4025 ,35

7438

.35

74126 .35

74H04 .26

74S02 ,55

74LS40

.45

4026 1 .95

7440

.25

741 32 1 .35

74H05 .26

74S03 .30

74LS42

1.10

4027 .50

7441

1.15

74141 TOO

74H08 .35

74S04 .35

74LS51

.50

4028 .95

7442

.45

741 50 .85

74H10 .35

74S05 .35

74LS74

.65

4030 ,35

7443

.85

74151 .75

74H11 .25

74S08 .35

74LS86

.65

4033 1.50

7444

.45

74153 .95

74H15 .30

74S10 .35

74LS90

.95

4034 2.45

7445

.65

74154 1.05

74H20 .30

74S11 .35

74LS93

.95

4035 1 .25

7446

.95

74156 .95

74H21 .26

74S20 .35

74 LSI 07

.85

4040 1 .35

7447

.95

741 57 .65

74H22 .40

74S40 .25

74 LSI 23

1.00

404 1 .69

7448

.70

74161 .85

74H30 .25

74S50 .25

74 LSI 51

.95

i 4042 .95

7450

.25

741 63 .95

74H40 .25

74S51 45

74 LSI 53

1.20

4043 .95

7451

.25

74164 .60

74H50 .25

74S64 .25

74 LSI 57

.85

4044 .95

74S3

.20

74165 1.50

74H51 .25

74S74 .40

74LS164

1.90

4046 1.75

7454

.25

74166 1.35

74H52 .15

74S112 .90

74LS367

.85

4049 JO

7460

.40

74175 .80

74H53J ,25

74S114 1.30

74LS368

.85

4050 .50

7470

.45

74H55 .25

4066 .95
4069 .40

7472

.40

4071 .35

LINEARS, REGULATORS, etc.

4081 .70

8266 .35

LM320K5 17905) 1.65

Liy!340T24 .95

LM723

.50

4082 .45

MCT2 .95

LM32QK12 1.65

LM340K12 2.15

LM725

1.75

8038 3.95
LM201 .75

LM320T5 1,65
LM320T12 1.65

LM340K15 1.25
LM340K1S 1,25

LM739 1,50
LM74U8-14}.25

9000SERIE!

9301

.85

LM301 .25

LM320T15 1.65

LM340K24 .95

LM747

1.10

9309

.35

LM308 (Mini) .75

LM339 .95

LM373 2.95 '

LM1307

1.25

9322

.85

LM309H .65

7805 (340T5J ,95

LM380 .95

LM1458

.95

95H03

.55

LM30gK (340K.5) .85

LM340T12 1,00

LM709 (8,14 PIN) .25

LM3900

.50

9601

.75

LM310 1.15

LM340T15 1.00

LM711 .45

LM75451

.65

9602

.50

LM311D(Minil .75
LM318 (Mini) .65

LM340T18 t,00

NE555

NE556

.50
.95

A M ^~'' ■ ■ i^~V ir^ ^ # M*^ M- ^'^kt d

p^ ■ ^ rf^

MEMORY CLOi
74S 188 (8223)
1702A

MMB314

3.00

6.95
3 00

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS UNLIMITED

NE565
NE566
NE567

.95
1.75
1.3S

■VI iTi t,r%J 1 ^

MM5316

•J. w

3.50

21021

1.75

7889 Clairemont Mesa Boulevard, San Diego, California 92111

2102L-1
TR 1602B/

1.95

(714) 278-4394 (Cafif. Res.) DISCOUNTS

TMS 601 1

6.95

All orders shipped prepaid No minimum Total Order

Deduct

8080AD 1
8113

5.00
1.50

Open accounts invited COD orders accepted ^^^^ ' |?? ^

8T23

1.50

Discounts available at OEM Ouantilies Catifornia Residents add 6% Saies Tax S^Ol - Si 000 1 S%

8T24

2.00

All IC's Prime/Guaranteed. All orders shipped same day received, SI 000 - Up

20%

21078-4

4.95

24 Hour Toll Free Phone 1-800-854 2211 MasterChirge / BinkAmeriaard / AE

Watch for our supermarket bargains each monthf

/B^ IS THE
^WORLD'S
LARGEST

POLY P/1K8

CONDENSER MIKE

7/ie X

W long

"TIE;PIN" TYPE

Quality, M&tfll enceaed with
hTi I It-ill FET cirCMtt^ f^mni-
directianai, freq, recp. 20-

i£,0[)OK£r Le.*ft t\n pin uf
lapei cILj}. GOD ottm int-

*'GEL-5EL" POWER PAKI AM -FM-MPX TUNER AMP

• 4b Mjitrik f«r 2 & 4 HWaksr syitctna • Wall/Cent«4«
t Contemporarr dfltlgn tjJack pint chi^mft 4r4l>t' P4in«i

6 V

RachargeablflS Periect Jor
bwclt^ufi [iH^jw-er for comput-

Scaled, fipill-prool, Ipftk-
prouf. B*««r Ui(j.n NI-CADS,

Hi-, Ctjmpaet, <nily i" s
l'*^ K 2"t siack 'etn in s«r~
l^qi Cir parallel. Lead Or
leacl/niitii^^ny" at! (sorry.
no elioDalnK> .

ioooMiLsr:.^°^r.,°'$4.9g

BsiJliJ, vour own inafker iri^n-
flfjitcr at 100. 20 fi, ^00
KHz elfr, CtilLbirjite i^m\v-
er^, hncn rijlfa &nd cnoFflr

Acciiraqy O.OUl^, sS*©
iV^ « Va". With infitruc^
tiaoH for buililJng marker
^eueratyf, *10G Klfi nfter
tricnmirjt. Wl, 1 01.

Omlfrr by Cat.
No, l2A3fiSa
P 104-0^7 KKi U lOS.ODO KH«

D 104.002 KMt U 114.O«0 VJtii

100 KHz*
MARKER

CRYSTALS

iiri., L ox,

a S2p95

POLY PAKS "CHIPS"
^ AWAY IC PRICES!

^^^ Ordar Cat. No. 12^4048 and Tji» Hn.

Tjfp«
D (CMT20B

n Ara-Bsoo-

n MW&330

□ ao3ac
n KRa37e

n mc]l441'0'

2A4D4S and Tyiw

Slopwatcti . . Sl.4,95

Six TV Cjm6S , . . L , 9.99k

44/2 DiKJt DVM 4.«S

Volt ControJ One , , , ^ . 4,95

Cnt;a<l«r RQrn BCD » . . , e.99

350 IMH£ PrvEtali^r . - , «,Be

Tmich Ton* lEhCfHldf- . . . 9^*5

Ch*r, Gi^n. 12513 «qual} ^.^%

niJCM7107

D a«^OA
D 1702A

G 27oe

D 2102:^1.^

*^ftCA "POCKET" VOW

• 1D9V whTTt" p«r <fOl\

1 ^ prcth^oifl, moveiTiBntiy
diodt pratecled Sffainat
humout. MR?R.-5urn5 DC volta
O-lfi-liSO'lrtOO: AC VoJU
0'lF>'t£0-1000; fJC current
n - 1 5 Omn I; rtsi Ktancft X 1 0 0 0 .
.Seniillvjty 1(300 ohmB/v*>b;
AC'DC!. Uaea penlite *eU,
not includ^iil. f^iit* 2% i

Err

The Phnharmonic

SPECIFICATIONS! AMP:
J'wT. our EW X 2 RMS. hht\y
-Chan into fi i^hEnx, 4D-SCIQ0O
Hi:, THO 0,e ^ . Freq. rv^BTt.

1&-20,000±2db. S/N ralio
r>,'^db, KM: S^iiJ? TJ,7 uV lor
20 db S/N, n^Quir^.t US-

VAC 60 Hz. Siae: SVa x
1 a 1.-2 ic iVa-"- Wt. 7 Ibftr

MATHIX AlmuIatM quad
*0TJtn1 from ;glereo FSf,
tapea. and recorda. Ctvas
jtel of a Uv« pt^riotmiance.
SI id I! ct*ntrr>ls f<»r VOtUMje,
BAS^, TREBLE and BAL-
ANCE. S*t»-Evur tr>T PHONO,
TAPE, AM, PM. PM-MPX,
Roeker switches for POWER
ON/ OFF, ATQ, STel^EO/iD
MAtHIJE. Also feature;; ster-
eo headpTinne jack. FM iftec-

Cat, MO'
i2jl40iOT

D $69.95

LAB-K-HOBBY TEST EQUIPMENT FACTORY OVERSTOCK

TRANSISTOR CHECKER

DYNAMIC

^Vi DlEit DPM

12.50

Alarm Clofh . . .

...... 2.95

Microprocessor .

14.95

Erwflfila PROM

4,S3

eiC EPROM - - -

22^B«

IM HAM

,K 1.3»

Ttsts ^EP^^ PNP, Pow*ra
and unknown aemL'a. Simply
to UEe. both. In-OT'OTit of
fitr-cbiit. A-is Lo [ti&t L<:all y M-afl-
tiilea polarity. T««t9 It^n^-
Eigf!, mati^Jl^a stmilar traO-'
EiatoTs. Uae with VOM to
tiist no»»fi, idynwnle leakage
and more. Built-in qlljclr teat
ioch«t. RtaijIftB IVaV "'D"
C£]|» WJtL iinatniCtionQ.
ays X 3 K S*^. Wt. Ifi oza.

I Ca^ Ko.

1IZA39I22

□ $14.95

Trans istor Ized

SIGNAL
TRACER

It's like havlrig rt third hoad.

faimpllflef! locating circuk
trwublcs in AF, RP^ and IP
■ctrcuLta, Eajiy to uae. coftt-
pBct wcA liKhtwetsht, only
3Vi X 2 3t fi'^, Etiiit''irv
BP^ii-ker imd Cain c^m^tah
with teat le^dR. RequlrC'S 9V
bultci'y,

1 0 OA5 ,

12A3934

In 5-IZ-I9

vol Is I

1-AM P
REGULATED
POWER SUPPLY

N"kw! Busy to ;i,ajiembia] rn

U3*3 LMili OK positive volt' ^— '

nK^ rcifulaCor. Kevaiae teadf Your
ior a nef;atLv4,i iiipply. Buy £ cholce
for a ± power aupplyF With
tran.iformfrT. Teini3Htor„ PC
bowrd & all company nta.
Cnmpltt* kil^ nothiniT -ela-e
.to buy. Wl, A IbH,

Cat. No. Voltt
O l2A3aS4 S s fcf

L 1343857 151 ^iB.flS

friiiSi

n $12.95

STEREO TO QUAD ADAPTOR

D^rivea quftd cOUPd from

1 Cat, Ho. st«ri!0'. Wchrka with nil rnad^

12^9^0 els. aU mnk««i ho oh a mp in

%ESTINGHOUS£°$2.95

K4;C!<i[i.cfji. Ojviis the fcsl ol
a "live" per/ormflncE. No
power TiBcesaarT. Inputa:. £
RCA i^luj^s. outputs 4 RCA

S*^. WE. 14 Qsa.

$250

IUMI9

SPECTROL S

'"SKINNY-TRIMS"

25 Turn upriRht^ tjrii* V4

%•

URTllM'

M^LLHre, Screwdriver r-~, 4.,^- a e4
ah*ft. aU*!J> tol«rnnci!, Vs R *^*ffl^ ^* «. * ^ ^ ,i.^

watE. Cermet oonftlr^etl on, 91*^*3**4 2i Tuph Uat^ typ» 64

PC tertda. Order by C5it. No, "-"^^^SHS* Sing I* turn flai, typ* «3

and ;!^^l:tA. ^AvallaUa Ir mU lyvai ^tAvailAfala IbCh. -Hol llZftlBCl anly.

SVi

2 3(

I '■'a'-'. Wt. !i ozs.

Cat. No. I2j^921

■Utl

•00

31 tt
D ait
D »K
D loB
a iDK
['! 40K
t" lOOK **

l: :iook ••
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D 1 M«P-

^^ -fciai!

O 3 AMPS

$16.88

a 4 AMPS

$19.95

Ideal for CD'a^ ffam rifa,
tape de-ckjf ^ /rturftl Modern

With on/ off awitch, Lh^D
Jamp, k)UL]t''Ln cLrcu.it break-
er. 116 VAC eO H^L, Wl,
fi HHa.Cat, No. 1:2 A3 492

Cam|ilatAly

wlr«d

1,2 VPC @ 3 Amps output
Regulated, continuous duty

Trt»

D $N7400
O SHT40t

□ WIT443

SSfl7404
SM740B

□ 5ftT41W
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TEST 'EM YOURSELF 'N SAVE!

EXCLUSI

'/j

*fj

I n

'/.

GUARANTEED
50% YIELD DM
UNTESTED.

'^ ■ n t-wmr

BARREL KIT #2

CALCULATOR

KETBOARDS

.0 for $1.

Ill's true1 20-\tB¥, 4 func
Itlon keyboards at ridicu-

Iqub Kive.a'AAjf. Wt. 12 de»

Cat. No,. lZA39a:4

r*l9Cl-

BARHELNIT jtf2 2 9
SOUND TRl^HERSj

3 for

SI. 9a

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JtSJ HiEkti aillptJfi*T, ts-SggtrJt
SCR. Um f^r aJarmw. i^lrtf
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iSO for
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COjROS^^^^j

pow«r usta:
^B^'Vy.duty, 6-ft. ]i?nff, IB
jinEe. White vinyl luAula^
JJon * moldtdjCl^ffi- Wt. S
CbLNO^ 1243943.

taa.

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BARREL HIT ^^22
IC SOCrttTS

8 for

$1 V«flS

Mfr untt^adai
lam llS-pin,

BARREL Krr jCf25

FaniHiUA, N'E-£'a. Ml

Hut luctory mnds

jitid bi£frered 'em. Vour ?d

vuni:.:L|ii-. i^A24t3

ARflSL KIT fao
INI BLOCK

BARREL KIT #344
HOBBY

tT«ZA

ROMS

, 3 for $1.-^

m?iyflna ^°^*^y fallout* ol tlie

TTiiible RDM. 2O4J3 bit
Cat. He. l2Al7f9

bob

Four I'^-ptn,
Sfllder tfiJL
f2Ali21

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UPHIGHT ELECTROS

40 for
$1.98

Jmf to SCOmi i" mixture
of voEt^gEisL. Tf>0^ mftj-hed
''a irood. i2Al22e

BARREL KIT jraT|

aAT> IC BONANZA]
OOforSl.98

Hobby and iiTitested. tointoty
mixed iti biTrdJe. LmEHns,
T400'a. ROMS. ETL^S, rug.
Iat«ra, c]i?ck And oalduiator
chips aod m^tw. Wt. 12 oss.
Crti No. l2W2flaO

^CAPACITORS

SO for $1.. 98

UnbalieVB^lsl Worth $ttO<,
Hi^h. ptselEifiD submini
guPfl for all app3t«etlcin«.

Wt, S. oza.No, 12A35;;^9

BARREL HIT |IttX
JUMBO RED LEDS

IS for $1.98

lOti^ materLiil, ua^r okii-
ce-l lation fro tn f Ac Ivry
ftuinp^ , S V 1 0 mils. PQf
iDl^'a of_j4>'ojeota, red lena.
Cat. Nnjl2/^3«9

BARREL KtT#li»
ISO for Cat.No

$1.98^1^^1*'

Cal^ul^lor maker dumpE We
gut a filllon qI

BAftRCL KIT #19 3
MINI TRIM POTS

30 for t «.

AaaE. vaLuci£ 100 to 1 ftit£
What a buy. SlnRJe tum

^. wt. fl 01.

ja49 [irain. Wl. ZO ot;i..l ZAI3330

BAIIRCL KIT #
fjERMINAL StRl

^OO for $1

1^3341 i

Id* M^i
RlPS^g;

L.98S

em.

BARREL KIT ^96'
OBEY LEDS

O for $1.98

WOW! Top U,S.A

Wide asat. of term (n at atrip lO ■01'

Cunneotors... from 1 contact ft4 Afl.

Jj^r*l dump I2, ytjur Bai" JiCst.N*.l3Al0»7
?*t. .1 lb^cat.Ho 12^:^136^-

ARREL KIT ^301
V INDICATORS

w/Eeada

IS for SI .98

Test Isjnp iii.^ulactufer
durnpfe inventory r Worth
flfli; ea, Li lie Jrraici-o- wheat.
gat. No. t2A|5ag habby

BARREL K!T#1«0
HOBBY VOLTACri
RECULATOR5
10 for $1.98^

LM-»(I9K TO- 3 bATreJe^J

bv^t by the pound, but "wlio

wantK to eheck 'emT Your

— f Afy

Buy

^H^ } -

BAARKL KlTj;r3iO
CLOWIN' PANELS

[for ^^ -
$1.

4'' K 1"^ pan^lB tbat now

bJ n 0 - jtreen with llOVAC.
Use for riite lites, indics'
tcra, Q to. Cat, No. 12a;3B50

BARREL KIT jefa»4
PRE-CUT ' N ^Tl NNED
HOOKUP WIRE

200 leiurths*$l,M

'BreadboKrdeTfl notv. ffS£
wire, pr««tit lAlo 4*^ to *"
lanitLhfl. Aafll, color Claatic
iBcheU. Wt. 12 ora, <S00

BARRITL KIT |13*
SHIELDED CABLE

40^ft, $1,98

QRIDGESI ttq if2TO
20 forv - >-^^W ■
$1.98^^

We boi 2. tona ^t ^. 4, 10
ftftd S6 a*np filH w*ve
bridjEea. Ho^? Eood, ive don't
know. !,.%(.«$ tii^rl ntid hobh>-.
Wt. 9 oza. Na, 1ZA40'22

or rqlkaa^ at«r«4«; 1-eODd.
pIuB sliield, 22 la, vlajl
j'a^ke't. Wt. Ai lb»
Cat. No. 1203577

BARREL KIT j(/t9M
PANEL SWfTCItC$

30 for
'$1.98 9 ozB

, Did. you hriU- [>J OAKf'Anr
other eqpl maker barrelled
9-^\ typr:* nt rut4n-3>?4, .jele^i-
Trie, a^des, etc- 1^^244

BARREL KIT #104
SLI»C VOLUME^
CONTROLS

BARREL KIT#«a
LM-340T VOLTAOE
REOULATORS ~

4S for $1.98.

9i^

BARREL KIT #JS
HOBBY NPN POl
TRANSISTORS

15 for $1.98'

FKetor? fallouts aad "d9
spflc" TO-3 P0^«fS. lOU ?h
hobby, no nuenB, no aborts.
IVt. 1 Ib.Cat. Wo.,il3^29S7

dumps dlacretta fn barrel v.lme tic Tejecta Ma>- Include
fiobby aiid untested. LUo- [a^ 5, J£^^ |[j, jg q^ 34
at)] If yield 50^ or iMjttor EI volta. TO-E20 pow«r tab.
Wt 4 oga,Cat- Ho.JgAJaSJ Wt. 4 pgs^. Ca(.^2Aa935

BARREL ttlT|gfI4

PRI^ISION

REStSTORS

200 for
$1.98

MajtIimI BJid uamarJia^ V4.

Vt, t w«tta,N*ii2^ii42'a

'/BARREL KIT#9t _^

METALLIC irmltb-

RESISTORS HLP**

100 for $1.98

Ma(l<r mostly by Coming,
the nneat radiator made^
Mt^stlv Vi wa^t«fa. 1 % \ii
C ^ toL A a hUTei u-l
12j

•k'aluea,

a
[:at. nop

m-^fiOS

BARRCL KtT^T

VOLUME

OONTROL

30 for

$1«98 100*^^ ScHMl

Singles. liuAln. variety of

VBiurs. Mtylita. bL* iinfr& — ^
ascnall oofjr. Cat. 1SA2421

'-■BARREL KIT ^11
CAfiAClTOBSPeCIAI

100 pes
$1.98

trICh^^ ruo].dedB+ pl4«tiCq,
cef amies, dj5Ca* etc. Sifty

BARREL HIT #1(11
REStSTCR SPCCIAU

200 for
$1.98

iDcludea^ V9, ^, Vi. 1- £-
watteia^ OArboQ. 8 ose.
100 ^ VDod, 12^054

BARREI, Kit JfS9^---i
PRErORMEb ^dffflr^
RESISTORS tf*''^

200 for $1.98

We got bajrtis <if ■.^ ar.J

'/^" WikLL|;rj| for pc ilAe,

100: V4, If^rt ^'j" waiters.
No. t2A2£ 0^100% iEaodi

BARREL Krr #»« ^Tv^
3 WATTERS --^^^

100 for

9 A. 90 ^ jfood.

Su|i£ilierH throw "em in tin
bajTsl., It'a ^ li'l B'old mine.
All cnark<hiCjt,Ma..tajii3739

BARREL KIT f
1N414B/«14
SWITCHING DIODES

100 for $1,98 ..

dtihdes at ihi^>i<! (Jraf^e!.!
.■C4t»No.'l2A|E4^1fi Uatei^icd

BARREL KIT 1^2 1
PREFORMED OIS

ISO for
$1.98

Ui.Fl r^fr'a ahelf Inventory
tut he dumped 'eTn In bwr-
r^Jft, Pi-efornled, for FC V

ML-SEji yuLiu^j) >g^i£jli

bUhRel kiTYt*
i*WATT s;ener

100 for

$1.98^^ t'nt«Ated
FrtCiory aurtt as 400-mWa,

Never. to'ssee-ftgn in offer, C,
fl. 10, 12^ 15 V. utictes-
y[ft3Ji, DoLib3i« p1uEh12A2^41

bari^el HiTfiaa

MINI-DIP JC*S

100 for $1.98

T45'*, LllaJiO, 70$. B.W.
BBS, tvHo )ijj.ow*T Faetv^jF
miffed, yon t«st. Untaatad
fuid liAbby, Wt. 1 lb.
CWL ffo, '12A|3245

BARREL HIT S

TRANSISTOR
ILECTROS

50 for SI, 98 ^

U "'buffB'" UB whV t"*» fa

torifift dump "erti m h*rf«J^.
We dyn't wish to separate
wjiJe «flBt volLaptc* 4( values
to :JO0 nir, i2A2747

KIT #it«^ fa

BARREL Ktr ^it«^
400 PARTS

$1.98

Iil.clTJrt(J5 rtfeiatora/ eapa,
dicvdes. 10, ftir PC wotlt,
aorn? on PC boards. I>ump«d
iikto barrels bv faotorlea,
tOO^, niatc;-^!!!. tvt, 12 ozs,
cat. Wa, 12JH3401

BARREL HlT|2J!ir
AXIAL ELECTROS

40 for
$1.98

Aaot. cjtDBOttiea and
Toltaffea.Cm. M0.IZAI237

BARREL KIT M^^
PHOTO ELECTRIC
CELLS

10 for $1.98

Aaat. GE typ^t, CDS tyltea*
Mixed b^r faotory. Bie Jnb

\vT ^LS to aej^nrate, lfl[>^
^Oud. Cat,No,[i;:jA1092

BARREL KIT jrtl.
PO.LYSTYIIENt "

100 for

FiTteat c&pa cnadt. Aa
ble "Ik* bouiEhi 40
ffORi factory, iniEPd

ait gw'>djc*^'lio;^2AaTag

:?'

BARREL KIT #i3
HALF WATTE RS

200 for $1^98

ftflsiator faistdry tried to
U^*A u* by mi^ving IDiO"^-
color-codad Feelfiton in.
baxrel. £ut vtilue is tb^rs.
4.PB. iJl^A^<t4S -y.at**t»d

BAttREL K4T ;^5«
SLIDE SWITCHES

a iram
barri^lt

iraJiucs;

BARREL KIT #2«
PLASTIC TRANSISTORS
100 fOE.

$1.98

Cnteated iin4 hnbb}' trJtntia-
tora, T0-e2 CT0-13> , eaat.
2N numbprj(, asst. mn^tifao-
turera, Wt. S aEaJl2Al29CP4

BARREL KtT m^
i.ONG LEAD DISCS

100 for
SI .98

"jL^r;LLcirL aaif^", Priine
mnrhed onlr^. hr>n9 [pacts
Cat. 1J;a2b9S140% gooi

2Sy

30 for $1,98^

^11 jsli^Di's, !5t3ca, flpat, apdt.
moTTientariea. etc. Tremen-
dous ahop p^lc f^t- lOOS oi
uwilchlcie project*.
Cot:.Now:l 24 2729 100 % ^^"^

BARREL KIT ^19
DIPPED MYLAR

60 for $1.9S

Fjneat caDncitora ma.de.
ahlny finish. ImairLne f^^fttu-

r>' dMTTTpinE '£TT1 In t>BETI^i«.

Cat. N«j:243 S9 T 1 00 ^_ jood

BARKEL KIT ^1
SN74dO DIP IC*

75 for $1.88

Mnrkvd 14 And 16 pta dip»,

may EDclud& ifatea, fllp-

who knowa? Uat*attiii, httb-l
by. Wt 14 01*.- t^A]2415]

T«rm9: AtJd TZK^stajre Rat«d: net 30
Ph«i* ? Wftkeftflld, M&S9, (617) 24E.382&

R*t9H: 16-18 I>el Carmine Bi., WakeMd*

a An(/ for FBEi

POLY PAKS I — urc.o.D.-, mayh,

P.O. BOX M2rA LYNNriELO, MIA.IO1940 | HE PHONED |

Pdly Paks inc* WaKefleld, Mass*. U.S.A. <977

MINIMLIM ORPER — »S.OO

247

^%v<

S*SiWi#^^^%^^^tf^^^fci^^^^^^^^^fc^ii^

Armchair Copy

Shortwave Listening

Our ONLY occupation is
supplying everything you
need to tune the mediumwave
and shortwave bands— and
identify what yo'J hear. Our
NEW mini-catalog details
Barlow Wadley, Drake and
Yaesu receivers, WORLD
RADIO TV HANDBOOK, logs,
receiving antennas & tuners,
calibrators, FM or TV guides,
AM pattern nriaps, QSL
albums, ITU publications^
RTTY displays, CONFIDEN-
TIAL FREQUENCY LIST, •
clocks and all SWL books.

GILFER ASSOCIATES, INC

P.O. Box 239, Park Ridge, NJ 07656

2 METER
CRYSTALS

MANY
IN STOCK

FOR THESE RADIOS ON

STANDARD ARRL REPEATERI

FREQUENCIES

Dummy Load AVatt meter

CI«ggHT-14€
Orak€ TR-22
Dr^ke TR'33 (rec ontyJ
Dfske TR 72

H«athkit HW-2021
(rec only)

H^thkft HW-202
Icom/VHF Eng
Ken/Witsan

Midl3rvdl3-S05
Regency HR-2

Resuncy HR-212

Rigency HR-2B

Regency HR 312

Regency MR -2 MS

SB,E.

Sonaf 1802 3^,3601

Slandard 14B/fi26

Standard Honzon

Sw«n FM 2X

Tampo FMH

Trio/Kenwooa

Trio /Kenwood TR22(I0

Trio/Kenwooa TR7200

$3,95 EACH ^ IN QUANTITIES
OF 10 OR MORE, $3,50 EACH

Certified check or motney order only —
NO CODs

ROLIX DISTRIBUTORS
P.O. Box 436
DunelleNJ08812

R15

B&W Model 333 for medium
and low power.

A Professional Instrument for bench or
field, Ideal for testing tTansmitters, DC
lo 300 MHz

D 2-Way Mobile, CB

O Marine VHP &SSB

D Amateur

up to 250 watts output, in 4 ranges:
0-5, 0-50. 0-125. 0-250. Low VSWR

See your B&W deafer. Made in the
y.S.A, by

B23

Barker & Williamson

1 0 Canal Street • Bristol. PA 1 9007

.tv»t

ajt^

aJ.e

:M^

t»

<.o^ -cS^-V

L^5^'

f^Vx^

\3*<^

.o^'

.iV

iiP

yfeO

»^

AJJ***

>>H*

at^

(tf

VP^^

aS"

M»'

\?»*

^>6

\bO ^l^xe^e ^^

4tt*

i\e

iti*

\i 1" *.«

.i^o

rfC^*

.VSi^

-\^»^

,\%

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ii'&'

.i.p^:

VP-'

^^.'i{\ci^

t»^

JV*4

j«L\B^

te*

^ii*'

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s.p?r,jj^\o.

246

^■^M

ivhatdoyou
gii/e |he man
who has
everything?

a box
to put it in.

73 Magazine, as thick as it is, is more like a floppy when it
comes to standing on the bookshelf. Enter the new 73 Magazine
Library Shelf Boxes, sturdy corrugated cardboard boxes which
will hold your magazines on the shelf and keep them from
flopping around.

YeSj we know all about binders . . , we have them too , . .
and we sell them, but binders are a djrag when you want one
copy of a magazine. And they cost like sin (which costs plenty).

Just to be rotten {a talent we aie trying to develop, but
which comes hard), we have self-sticking labels for the boxes ,
not only for 73 Magazine, but also tor Kilobaud . . . and for
Personal Computing , Radio Electronics, Popular Electronics,
Interface Age^ and . . , yep . . . Byte, Heh, hch! Just ask for
whatever stickers you want and well throw 'cm in with your
box order. Hams may vi^nt our labels for CQ, QST or Ham
Radio, if they get any of those magazines. This is a way you can
buy one set of matching boxes and line 'em up on your shelf . . ,
looks very nice that way.

The boxes are a white color and arc pajtlcularly resistant
to dirt, a real plus for white boxes. There's some kind of funny
plastic finish on 'em.

You'U probably do like most people who have tried these
so far and order one oi two for starters . . . then get a couple
dozen. The postage on these is the killer , . , so one box costs
$2.00 postinaid and SI -50 for each additional box, 7 for $10.

Unless the magazine gets whole lot fatter than it is right
now these boxes should hold a full year of 73 ... or Kilobaud.

One side is cut low to permit you to see the binding of
the magazine . . . and note that we are now printing the
information on the top part of the bmding so it will show in
these boxes. You can put the boxes on your shelves with the
bindings showing or with just the white board sh owing, there are
little marks to help you center your labels on either side.

Your magazine library is your prime reference, so keep it
handy and keep it neat with these strong library shelf boxes.

Send me boxes for 73 Magazine Shelf Storage at

$2.00 for the first box and $L50 for each additional
boXj or 7 for $10* Include the following labels:

$ .Enclosed DCash D Check D M.O.

Bill: D American Express D BankAmericard
n Master Charge - Interbank #

Card #.

. Expiration dale.

Signature

Name,

Address
City

State

Zip

73 MAGAZINE LIBRARY SHELF BOXES

Peterborough NH 03458
or call Toll Free (800) 258-5473
NH & Evenings (800) 251-6771

73/12/77

Before the prices go
up again, treat your-
self to a bargain ....
The best and biggest
amateur radio magazine,
73, is $9 OFF the
cover price for 1 2
issues when you sub-
scribe for one year . . .
for only $15,001

Call us, it's toll free:

800253-5473

Tell us your credit
card number so we can
enter a subscription
for you. A subscrip-
tion saves you a
bundle of money . . .
just figure it out. At
$2 a copy you're
spending $24 a year,
yet a subscription
costs a lousy $1 5.
Nine Dollars saved
may not be a lot
today, but that's no
reason to just throw
it away because you
don't want to bother
to pick up the phone.

Someone (s usually
around during office
hours to take your
order, credit card
number (Master
Charge, BankAmerl-
cerd or American Express)
While youVe calling what
would it hurt to get
Kilobaud too? And
maybe a few books
for the bathroom.

If the line is busy
tear out the card
bound in the back of
the magazine . . . just
inside the Ijack
cover . , .

While you are tearing
out cards it is high
time for you to mark up
the reader's service card
and send that in too.
A good response con-
vinces advertisers to
run more ads . , . you
get more pages of
magazine* It's a good
investment.

73-f>et€rborGugh nhQ3453

249

■9

YOU rai^^s^iDD $

Hm^ 63. SurtMui IMW DMQ-2 Sueijti T* on
2^0. 4ncr««tiflf A PC 2 triifwe«*«t laiaciWUlf.

iipt^Ad, iflidt' Tester iKTi^vTing 6C 2^

tiding, n«fHt*t«f c*i fnoikitD*. SC 442 «nt utim^

Ttw V iaIw. ...,: r . TV nvnl^ che ART'26 Ia.
TACfi ta an 770, ARC 5 hf ra Sr ti« ARC 3 ts
on2M.

AUG 63i, B^rtirv oe Bfifl nn, dio^l* na«H #«rv,

HaIO rnodS, <wi bi-ili4in. V££ bavn Haxirgn, ctpiMm
tomwM, RF i^aTtm#r^, TX Tube Guide. <jjodB
p«w lupplv, 'LuncHbOK'^ squelch. ^WR e«pl4n
Atton, v«rtirc#l snt 4nlD, Into on l^ifidon^ Am.

OCT S9» WBFM ti«rtK«iMT idflBi. HF fsrcfl*^
fiorr. cttiMp 1on4 p^tch, ramatB-tun«d V^gl.
CDntimcclofl hii^iv »it coupler, ^ VofticAl,
fMumflAI iRtcirmcT cofTitrLtct^afi, 2M nMviiiror

COntin^TOf. LiftVQtta HE 35 nnodi, Buyoi*'!
Qulc^g tcih Hm & T«, produce: daiiactaf. rtawdl
Hi {^ V^O» rai^O aMrdnomv, panadapior "if*
CDnvartof , compatt ntik* amp,

FEB M, SM multi channel QHChter. tk dlistgn
idiin*, priJi^lc iff fw|tch, Ipudspesfcer andowjiriSi,,
4Qiyi ^W iM, look At Ei»iif equipn^ant, f4d(ei
grautidl, AQM Zi. Spacilal ant, nauifalizalisfi

MAY B?. Qi.<iad Ivsue: 432 Quad quod quad,
nm^sti^udi Hf auad, Td^ya tri cr^uad, mmiquad,
4 DM quad, quad «k$»rimBnti, h^kf-qiiad, ltii«p
•I quad, 2bM j^uad, uhpver qyadj flii)v toefaci
quad, Quiid SJtlltPfraphy. FET vfo tubn
irfHiiblffhoQHng, HF du^r^rtiY load, undoi
•tandlnfl "HO," HF SS&jCw rx. ga?mESTit ct
euif daijjn. OS0 ^1 ii*n»{:Biv«, FET tijfii*!!**
t0f 10 30M, hi fmu r* rjlTeriL

JUtV 67. VE fwm fwdici. VEQ h«mf. ctal)
40i|>TPi. hO'itiw tittt¥» t{ivwi, TrAiHictar dpn^p.
'^ Wdrtd'i Fait, flricf plan«^ 4fil. Q4ZU tHsm^
SStV m^niiot, UHF FEt pmtfUl^, IC "**"
■:tr4», wartlcal af^t^ VHF.'LIHF dipp*. tf>kwv
hi«ift, *tdp« momtpring, pf>BT«ling t^ili, & Ltn«
»0«a««fl< lii «cA0fl1 hem ^uli, HHib HRtO
mcMlt.

Wb* 67i HF wQiit^ ttalB m. rupi^d vpiairpr
iJiHlyi'Mtif iriuQ-iunad >^M^ FET ccHiwtar.
SSTV !!<(• ia«4. VHF Iqq^:!^^!*^^^, rouuiilHr
diciioi*. tifiMnt^nhJit^ ctfi^ oidl-twFi« (hfng.
'tiodori d«tf^.

JUNE GS. SurfULM IhuH: Tr^nsfprrnvr lrM:M.
BC 1200 ta, 4PS- m ATV tm. low HQlta^ Cfc
«u|lfll'ir, wrpfut »cop*t. FM riB ct^mmarcial hial
TVfi««^ WiIcqb F-2 ija, rastDrinfi old #gutprr>«ni,
7&A1 fn moKk, TRA 14 dn 432, fraq catm-Tiir
uiM^ Ir att>>c.#4ir4t piArr i-uDQly. uses few chaap
tulM ri«4rd«rii, Sun>tifE CdfivvTsuDn Bib ho
^rapniy. RT 20d waJKia ort 2M. ARC l guard ri.
WTTV I- TL»,

JULV S8«^ Woofdnn towtr edfEttfuciian, il^to^rar
towmrt, «FtKimg a laFa^hana s^ata, tc AF ok.
"dB" attplainiersJ, bam club tipa (Part T J.

SEPT Q8i Mabllv vhf. 433 F^T praflmpb,

eonsntfilrtcj TV TMHon, itt»i Ofc 9tntrlhtv. par
aMo^ Twtf datlan, rnoon&ounce rhonfihic, 6M
;i(dUDir 1cdrraetJB<ni9 Jan S!r), 6M frqn^c^a'vilf
(corrqctjcni Jan Q^K 2M dsb amp, ham cJub
tEpt^PaftSL

NDV SBi SSa Nial flltars, sdlid ststa troubia
ihodUi^f],. IC tf»q eounlBr (many BrrOri &
Ofrilw*Oi1*S, *'l:V" trjinBfprTneri^ ^pn-ce COmm
odvi*My. Pulwr <bTo, itun-wJ^a anri, 40M uiitt
titldf LVD iH/m, BC 349M deutaia cd itvaimiQ rt,
mullitunt^liPP Tailor, cO£iO«f wrra ipnci, ttnar.
rn\i!tOf app1rc4tiDi^, hivOltBge tran^lnaf >i<t.
Mm club Titn If^art ^J.

JAN 19, Su^pimor <toiTtty«sar. HW 12 on
160, tNMm 1u>i4irNB. AC vdltat^ conrtfor. :3M
tfvt%ftolOf 1K, LC pOwflH TPduEAr, speqni^rn
RffllviH mio. BM itiarHistpr re, eperdTifi^g ttttn
tpfa. RTTV 44tti>itift, '£a/tcut«in9 otc TTabtlitv.
i|(»-C»«H 40 <iw t«. «K)«#«mHl rvHav lA^i^Jiins.
fiflHttWH opwator't tprid^a^ hovn ctub licnr iPal
7i.

VB. SSTV c«tm>ra imod fdi faxi-icAn.
tfthbafKl iitnfltf,. Ml I E*w>* af tiltv^, u^i^hEtign
irantinof tnfp. Ni>vQt4 Tesn b>togr>c^y. mob«l«

iR 69. Surptui itiu«: TCS n modi. cIwmci
comprtruar/amD, RXZ calcuiatKiinn. friniMiOf
k*V«'. bvttar bal«ncact modulalflf. frani^ftQt
OKillalpr^. utli%g blgmerf, haffvHnre fa«4ll^
inlo^ S%iipluf Coniratii«n BlJ&ltogf4Phy, aHtfai
ficani* f rudv tPxfi 2)

APfl 89. ScriLinncl scape amp. r« pra4iTLp.
t«vo ar l*tT. vi.riatrl« DC ioed SI1VR bi ^dUia. 1 DO
IlHi mafka* g/ar^B, idcne trgnfJSTor tcwct, SBfilO
m^ntrdiK^oP* rnod«, ppftaftjlfr CM AM tH, 2M
convartaf, itMira ktfania ttudy i.^art 3K

MAV GSi 2M TufhtlOa. ZM S^ot, rn atT«ri mJ-to^ ,
Qancrator Mttar, thor* VEE, qwad tuning, utine
jtniefinnioQirM. niaqiuflng ant garn. inhorw patqh

r»gi. ^WR tndtcaiDF. 1&0M shcirt varticjiLa, 1 QM
Rfiraiinji, HF fi to pa ga c id n angJei, FSK flid'tfoT,
KV^ lummy lotrd, hi POi/ver linear, oxtra lit-anMi
itudv {PNFt A), illl hand iiurtatn arrav

JUNi Hi, MtarOkMiVa pbvr gendratip^n, BM ft»b

tJ^, 432 SF tufrn. AM convert ar, 2M ^/S w^wtt
wvhlp, UHF tv lurtftri. ATV widec mpdnlHTOi.
UHF FET praarnpi, flTTV mqniTQTSLopa, -imiia
lif^anta sfiJdv (i>aTi 5K tHjJIding utit cavitlvi.
■nifii VEE tar 10 2^DM, vhf vta

JULY 60. AM md^ulKdr, SSTV Sid 0«ri, eM «w
Imur, 432 ICW amp. 432 er rii/rii., GM IC
canvfriw, radJ-o com rolled mO'C^els, RTT V IC

The hack issues of 73 *re a gold mine of interesting
articles - . . jiJBt take a look at what's been covered , , .
every possible interest. This is the most important
library you can have for hamming*

The supply of these back issues is V0"y limited ... and
when these are gone, that will be it. Don't miss out by
procrastinating. Treat yourself (or a ham friend) to a
fantastic bargain.

ty, audio hotcN fMt«t, VRC 19 cpnvarilqn,

tutaa lutntitutton, 2M transtiitar mcItw-, axTra
l'cartB« ItUdV (part 6|i, hf FET Mid,

AUG Bfi. FET reijen for 3.& MM? up, r rv.
CI Viral iw4tchirtg,_ ^/a wave v-tfiJcal, Inirodui::
Mart to iCs. RTTY tone gen, opod/bad tfun
lifloi cJ'ID^k.ei , 2M AM Ix^ measura trnr^t-iilOf
Fl IGOM propaoalidn, irltae afFi ny

mtmpmt 4F iMVffp 9(Bt«. trantnior fc«v«±J --•■ 3 Mi
on BM, vtal IrAqi muiur«<¥i«ni, extra licanM
tiuttf ^p«it 71, FM fi^vmuon Ttviar, qrp am BM
lit, Ktfcyla« quadt. FM naii* It^fa, rraniMior
R«amatiir mew.

SEPT OH. Tunnd i3ao<^ th*vv. m«|Jc t«a,
tD4d«r]rii{| iacl<ini[:pu«t. prtii* traiiial itmoty. atbla
iPiMidJnL tiarqrttoi tlworv, AM. Ttoitm im%iiar,
Af S< f«n. ttmrnmuf smp dttbuQ$i<nB, ■n«a«u«a
tnaiar r^aittvpi'Ua. d^ot^ «Eac% CHwr ttiisfMv, iF»ni
l4cttH Mnino. 2.VW 6M tx. NX Tti t«utrali2rr^
cafMfmw^ wia*ga, rwfici prdfA^atiqn, AW inpd
pareaitfaiga. astra das tkcajua iiudi^ tf^afi i),
3 AOBZ linaor. ATV wid*co«t csfThva^ 2 txwrlTO'

OCT €9. Supct ^m 4arM am, F^T ^itilwpm,
lal«phon« into, KOpa Cscfttirafdr. thiff^lor
tuc^ o^otacitiir. ttoiiai tuniitg rat^. iftaittitv
calitMWtot ftHTTTTdnk:*, FM p.d«pfor fof AM EH,
CB i«i; qn iMri. proportional eonirot arai ovafi,
■ tal iiiiv iniialiafron. Q rriuUiptiaf^ rrariicaiw<it
pwr (i^rpolv. axb-a class study 4p^t ^J.

NOV 69. ^CX 3 o«i 6M. IF notch tih«riL dial
CMiiuraiion. H^3^A eRtn-rql VFfI, &M con
vflriar. f«itdl»ne infa. rf £ pridflc, fm mobiJa
him*, urribFHilit anf^ 433-Qr tn Iparl 11, pwyt
tupi^lv trlci^t ^«th rfiodes, frantittOP kayvr,
irafiiliror biam dBikgn, xraE whf itgn Q«in. itlac
crqnic vcifiac, SB33 mod*, e«tra clan t?udv
ipafl' IQir SB34 If near improusmsnTi

DEC 89. Tritn»inor d^e^de c-Juflckflr, din mi my
ldii{]/piiianuatDr, Eunod 1 11 tat chdicErt, tjond
«Mtt;hlhi;] Swan 2S0 & TV-3. Samh laliiqlkvlty,
matc^ oxQrflsiOE, rtl Ktal calibrDtpr, trmiilntor pa
dDllan^ hv mdbJt* p.E., 1-1d qHz freqm«t«r. CB
rl^ on 6M, aietrv license AudV (part II), 1£}7D
buyaT'n giiida,

JAN TO, iranftceiv^r BCceua^v unit, bitnch
im>W«r supply. SSTV color rnaiJhOdl. bina tunad
e«ri(«r (oad«d ant, BM bandpan iiliK, #Ktr4
licmnm itudv (;>«it 12, recrjfiv diod« ytasga,
f«eiimila info,

FEB ?a. ia^<n[:l>i 15M OiPOla. GM COOMVI*.
hi4h-<laf%Mtv 4>c tKiard, cftrnpv-mobil* bin it. 2M
ffftm f|rrtth«BtCBr. encodingA>BCOdJng loi ra
P««1«ri, DX 3& ^T'>0#i,. iianorBrnjc wHi rt var
taMaZ HF rrvabnle Tnount, enrfrii bc:4!'nfii Ruij'^
Cfuri I3l, lutBH IC mfo, oirp 40M im, IC
Cl fniittttilFar

A&AR 70. Qdd «>i>liicKtiana^ Eftari^T tor fremiti,
FM freq mnv, pc tsomeit canstTocTiOfl. h«rr( fm

' wiian'F* imD4v«t«« iftmt % I. Sfp^ #t tt>o(3i
|Mki< d^p l't« iMotO'Oia 41V cCrni««i mii$ih», uw
rnoi»ill»f. tHLtvEi^ t^B-pl\^s toffic^ ^£Q 2:|A wjno
l>*JOV Cd^varsidn ORC^ rx/la. corfT«f«iOf»,
a^tta £!*■ itudv f[i«Ft 14K intf o to rf^f tm

APfl 70i Hvnm bta^liar. 2V ^FOrirap r 4«t Ukficli*
eo^nwariar, fa0«*t«r JtsntrDlte. undaritainHjing
COR fwemsnF. TjH- wawa 2M am. axtra eJ^ii
lluCfV I port 15||, ine^i^paisj^vie sem ico n^uci oriH
twrnovatu^ lurplus meizri, liniiiM am0 b^-M
F*a%i>aiQr, t^i parformance pf »mp & a#C lYtTam,
&Sfi iilo for 4hDrlw«vef0d4O. r#ci4Mm It^tM loa<q
ijon a»nvta|l fm dOP« i» fep««i;<» gMtftr, masfi**

■Fiq rci^i' Bfii

MAV 7Q^ Commetiit on "tm >;fDCiiBt" ^IBBOS,

lnjf-itm Q^ tw. fmam rn altan*sr. ?i,'(l wwvw
viirticaEt, uainf 2M FntalFiQiOntlV, KiUTr' '"•TFap
ftiarmf, pvKt iMppUie* from i,urp1u4 coi lEt,

"IF" liyttiFiTi uTtodiilat FpEirl 21, ^fht I kl Lir*
jimdi, trdacaiad "Idjat" ll:tE]5..|:>afitagM auintp 6M
u, nuira etnu ttydy^ (E^arl 18), B^ihop IFNL,

luW'b^nd pOllCD rnonlTOr, rrvobile CM TX. VHIli:Mlil

JUPiEr 70. DDRR am. via i;Hcmf, r»m|T* tlWIS
iF'tdidiitar. Indn-Or hi vuTlFcaL twd i% aw dnei
alllofiFia, enuiranmflTit & casn Ion. 7b| Itaf^
VWrttcatV, thJV*rig lurptus, two 4DM qrp fn, 71 iH'^
2M boaiiTi, OA'Ha c^flss stjdv <.pajt 1 7 1.

O&C 70* iVC'lid tiat« vnt fituM^F. tJa(Tj Ua c »hi
irol fOt SSit ;>M IririliCTOr Ftwl Jk HW 1 00
ot'ltii'' tun^rHB, "lui^ie aai%" dipp»i. 3 'jOQZ M
Ii4t«uir« gUfiAtal dan flTudv Ipart !^< "^afilti 1»ftt"

Inn good - errorsEji, trenijttof fKt, currant
Hmllqr

JAJy 71. Split fontfE far dKjng, Nantb Trtn -nr
ruddi, ciA^ dytv tytis, ifipaHTdr f«<D boaiut, HEf"
IC flTOJBE.tc. Tl) l^'ZOM parnbpllrr ideot, liyhT
hIf^ prqiectlgn, IC rx a^cnsiory. atilc iinii,
doiitiJP' tMlnncecl mil sen, pwFTiafntfit fti»[^«+
TdO'l, y%mtn Ittcmse study quvitioni

FEfl 71. Metal io«ai«»r. varactor tb#affv, AFSK
Mhil, SSTV patch bo*, ATV himi. RTTTi'
iLmiftp indicatof, io*m eicDclisf /d«co dv 22fi
MHf uroiwarttr. ^^tv masfwric dafia&riiori^ nc
coda ovc. Em tFt beoDm. vain«rBi zta%% itt-ni^
iCiart fi>^ RTTY tntr@, p«il tisaril iftiitNOal
Iqmr ohmiiTai^.

MAR 71, IC nudio fktief, IC 6W convvrriaf . iraii
b*nii:«i Hteto. cMgi cour^tv ifftld. u^rfiruK «(|u«p
fnani id»ntlft«=atFdin. ht bavsr, virtpl* rpna
paieti. rap— lai ^uifiD miatv^ li^i R7TV ac<««
tetiac. ctBtfi^mBv- vfd^aw/ evrwaf ctwa«(uair
(parf 71,

AP^ "*' Frttro ro frrt, no tiv -^^ b *r 'mn^mimr

p».. Moilrorot» ^"''j^V l\ '^'^■^*'** '•

0mttm linking,, i^n- ^^ ^ j\J ^<ii«alFla 2M im
rK/l*. f*^"^j^\ \j i^ ^nn msrliBiplffCie,
fftataf av CllW"tor n^ociuifatot . «*rnpi* tiq
0«n tr^ ^^ hcHikup. hf pr«wk«ctO'. tOM
12W t-

MAY 71. 75M meoiJ'a wtifii. ^M prwnip.
irani.tni!'' amp dnigti. IBM dhb tr,. pariaula tm
tt HfttCKivm i£ f actor V, audk> e^mptasmt cliispW,
Tran*iiror LM freqmeisr. 450 MHf Md* |m.
ikmpi« af fUiair^ t tube 2M tra'nif NF<Mif . itift-tlFi*
2M IKJ^Mar amp. general qlaii fludV tpAFf Bt

JUNE 71- 2M beam ff:Kfiatimitiiitt„ 3 al SflVI q^Fael

muUi lannfi tUptiim pjti^mi weufhftr bii:ti&o»F
SfD^F Ileal. i^Qcket pd[|4r niuiFlch, tiMu ftp vFo,
tuniFH) nioblle whip^i. Erantiitpr pwr luii^iiy,
CAp*cHv dlicad^s ijox. 40M (a urn nni, gonnrnl
tilUtt ttudv ^part E}).

JULY 71, IC aucjji? proc4««or, aud^a ■Ig Q«n„ cv^
flUer, 2M fm ptc, 2IVt cqLlinaar vertical, FM
iupplilflr dkectoFV, Moioxdlfl G ttrii} L-attvBriiDn,
trAnihtor haiA tiHtflr,. ^.«r»arii4 clau ilucjy Cp^M
tQ).

AUG 71. Ham facn^miFa ipart 1|. 50P Wait
I J nil 11 r, iFimetisiofll iat Jwly eOlUrwar. 4'luk,w
itO/40 vtat^'Q'ii. vto digi r«wdpui, Jupitar on 1GM,
ganaral dasi itudy {ipart ill, pink lickat *ave
m^itw.

SEPT 71. TfaFc«tbrrfM«l«s fi^Mrflr ^4jf»pii«i, voikt
tt4il«' tv carfwra^ IC vubiufuTion. ii^o r^ 'frttt
matari, IC compresior-agc, mi^itilcHaitnal
NT ZOO. ham fsQ^mjla Coari 7t, cautaa pf
manmadiB iHtise. wfo iftith Tracking fFir«»f^ f|«n
«r*l cloai xludv tp.«t 12K iranttaiOr h^r
tfTlhimg. IC tHiHe gan. fona-lMlich laq^tatiapt. hcd
Miattmcliri.

OCT 71. EmAi^ncv iB|f tf cor, trvHCOv^
ponwr supply^ procSctifif trvtao* iliowvri., dbg^
tuvitchtr^ rBi«rsa^eiwra»l baftavv ctivgipr,
Paailtfi fiBp*»i«v Anrtli ^tHMAy aud'O u^tor
lt«9" f Flt«rk. SvKln :a54l mo<i»

NOV 71. :i-^ 75M tFaAFv^. moiqr-iun^ci g^K]
pitr^e. JU 9*ii<i ve9-ii^a2. irammo'^ bvavfig. ifi-lir
(■M fiifiaatv, tok huniiA^ sudi'O fdrat, fr4>n
tisttHFi'(J»ode tiPR«f. «Eal ffe^at. OMi l^v vtip.
T&lS-SfliM qudd cra<Hitrar «»• n»i final, am
tevdliTi^. tDmmuriicatidrrt dlHt. 7^00 MNx mn
«itar,

AUG 72. SSTV ^tro^ wiBftcfk prOcffHO*. tm
rvp^alEf Vnto, test proti4 COnvnuctFOn,^ GE
jproflifw a« supply, 433 ft t«tJFii((. prcan^E^
(jompraticF', S^x ar mods, font otich, Tmo af
into. iol»r hnfo^ SCR raQuFaror tor HVFS.
"Idaal" xtal DSC. tm r« ad^ptar. aulQ thvft
alarm.

SEPT 72, Pjumbition tvcom«f», WWVBflOkHsr
rM, ctgarLUbn iliyi i^eii, c^ atlFva flliar, rf icfUng
at 12PB30DG GHz, biiLurt ^nt ti»ad, Ttaniilitnf
powar lu^plVr IC GfA th, IC 'n^/am i^ptnntcir
Cpart 3K activo tUter dAiiQn liian :i1, K2DAVV
frbq caunti&r (part ^f, !?M Uaq tynthatl^ar (p^art

OCT 72. Correct loni for Aug. fm rx adapts.
2M 'itKj jyt^tKciire* Iqart 2K 6M ifalnitlar vto.
nanti ani(ii£rTif matBf, timw Irnrq ni«awjri|fri«rtt
(part 1), atitJVB tJ4tBr damjun ipml *i, r«p4ataEr
Urnet. ^Mtrft-clais Cl^A {part 31. ibaMOArt v*rt
ici»r. >|0 gen. Time oalay «alay. 432 H\tm klaai.
OC AC tfiiL^eti«t, hc-dioda convvrtai ril &^»^
4fvi^ niPta nitivm, plus rninjui Cuppiv I«m IC».

MOV 72. Hf tra:nai«To^ fMJuMar Mn^lL ffTTY

Tflicai,. dc fin m. franuno* kayar, •mwoirft^Y
oo««r. Z20 MHx pnafnp. d<outM«-^Mlta am.
umc^le: cont^rrv ufiinp rno<dUlat, ht ^F tmtm..
' \^w7tjteti inu' oic. 3W traiq tymtiMJiDafl loait
3>, >CZOAW «^»Hi.oT«» «rrata, JM 0»raB«n{r, wtfa
ciAKtiQAA foa^t 4). t^k 3! n^invtv,, NJkoia Ta^lii
itAfV» *ti< iwr me1», |Faf«fr4stfi# ttfHt t*. 433
5SM trarKtHeriej'. AC ar* «MM$a#. iftlTo lO com
pifto^ tivt)r«d am fna<fulai^. HR lO »» moflt^
ICMt m<<intm' >t<ii tM,^ 40M fRdp>aA*. iC togic
daiTHortitii^iaf . Oir^ldad ^OtirictfcDrt, il/rf ^Aecp
^anavfttor. Elr(|<^ ^rvq coyrttar. autat tk tuning

DEC 72. SSTV icopa afioiyMr. 2M tm ^ a, tune
burst Encoder and dvcodaf. uniV't'lal H aifnip
autaqi;»atEh liookup. kM^SOfi FPto YOltafjfK var
ijdble £ap Fnto, 2M IS wail arr^p. ££B mixlub*^
t4an moni»r. itial fraq/ai;::iiviiv friatat, lOA war
dc Mjpplv. tfarudiniiilDn Una uiat, f*dld utrorr
omy, •nducrtBDca metai , 75 to 30M IvaAiv«rt»r.
I.EP info. 40]Wt preamp. iranil«dr vfa, 19 72
lnda»t. 2M piearnp

JAN 73. HT 320 tquthtona, 3 al 20M vagi. SO
lyi^Hz freq coMHTer. upaach qroca^iar, ^ t^ne
Qan, I'm T«At <ftt^ tlit oyar to war $M convumif
ijfiing FT^odules, tiineabia at fJliar tin bund
IIOKar, lOM If ruoar, ritcidw itoU«i Ifmiier.
cVif/asb aifli:, HW22a trtinticaiyflr 40jyi mncJ, HAL
lD-1 mod^

FEB 73^ CW Id gvTi, tqna o^araitd ralay^

TCiididaF qiiDdratura am, <li'.i' V^ W, fima freq
moasurefnenl (part 5> ^^\1 %.i(ng COJItfOl.
SSTV circtiiis I" 1^ ^^ i;«n¥apt»r uiinfl
n^odolei. '^' >%\ \,/ .AatanfU), F£T bit«iin^.
^faq ctJUjCLXiJ *^""'P'' TR22 nt-potffW rn&d,
traniistaf ^ Tjv^r arnt^f [0trt 1], liffht bulb ft
ooiivci iindJC4tori, 75A4 fjliatt. catiatitpnce
meaturemem, C^onf^t iSOl TttwJ, Wi&rld lirrie
ifHo,

APR 73- FlW dttvlation mnar, 2M FET pt^vryp.
tHvo 2M powef ampt. rcpaaiv eqiiirQt ittmr If,
rqaeater ttootfeing, EufOiMian 7M I'm, tm fcaniwfr
•daoiof. RCA CMUtS mo^t. llflhtninQ datactdr,
cts Atigmmwn i^dipit, tvafiaianx rl i»oii«« anipK

JUNE 73. 220 MHz ii^ gun, uht POwv maw
raClAzter tictttting i.nfo, RTTV JWtCMAitch, 4CHM
tlVlV*d iHTd Fa. vit liOLiif mo^yni, I0l5^ti
CiiBft, iCSOAW colli nTH moot, dCFwWa sioaw ant,
harn fumrrte* rob. lort* cl*TjeH:l«r. 1t«id iitangith
metef, nlcad tuiittnr t^m^, otwn nwi*. FCC
rms fpan IK

AUG 73. toQ-|MrMid(ci fpan-i 11 f^A* IKjfa van.
rt pchMar afnp daa^gn. traiixiiitar radio knt tt'-coirij
I60iyi ant, SSTV monaar, Iom tofi fraq
counter. VOM dmien, tv0 *0M va. 432 MHz
ttHSitsr, hn audio ivocaHtng. FCC tagt temt 3 J

S£PT 73. F^«paat«r cpncroi fytfam. iqQ-
pariadFcx itiaft 21, 2M fa ca'itn'^iQr Pil, ic
apcllicaitoni, TT pad hookup, htaniti MWJ "c"
maiat. Oscat & iS&^pitr. 2U «;o4iLiai mnt. 2M
cnnwertw, IC kayw, ir^atur* im Z, FCC raga
(pnft 41 .

QCT 73k GE Pocketmata mfidi, Fyrterovvav* ffaq
mQaiMramarit. CA^JlO:;^^ al« frontanct. 2 kw hf

linear, cf TA^attmoiaf , matw rapijlr, 6D/40 d>ipDi|«,
IC "hi" gsn. uht frg-q myltlpl|«F, FCC ragi [pprt

NOV 73. 460 MHf aJieltw, iotro to ATV
{-:hFE:iiits, mtsd vnlta^if md-rtuqr, auto^atcH <;ar
htjctioti*. iC metm aFTiplltiai. TR72 ac tupply,
indaor vertFcaJ, IC at filtvr, mo-mantaFy POw«r
likiuFie prateciiofi. 160M ant acoupiti-. Moto
ro)a HT mfo. SSTV ISB, Cl«ta e af amp FCC
f«Br« (Psrt 61

DEC 73. Code w«a0 i94f«ilav„ 2M kw amp, IC
kayvf. 8038 wai^elorm gan^ halicai f atonal or
ide»fpn, KniiiTivert votlfn*tar. pfovimttv cofilrol
ivdrti^h, IC Ttffar, wc^uafiij^l lona iMcfMlaT^ 3M
portakfle bc«m^ vUfctrctfiic calculator rruih. (tw*
^mar desivft^ FCC regf 4pari 7i

FES 74. SSTV <inoniiOf ihIq, IC audio aimfi^
^EdfiNi K«gff«p 9Ht. t&/20M varucal. laMptMna
Una cofrtrot im^tami, p% b^ar^ t9nt}Tt>f,iiion.
var-Q at liitH, bIcHwn luaa frtdicaiai'. 4(Vn Ciw
«tn wndi Tan-T«r fno4Si4«f|„ »#<RiMff u««arnt»
Coilrrprfe^r, iinola IC t«. "*3^'mt" im^i ^BHin
biv, timmifHOt ttmiftn^ c«r£ii>t. t ■atm*nt lajifqut

APB. 74. ViCTK toir 'vpavtan, t9i*t^mwrmita
fday hf tf«ovp«rtar, tO ig- 3^m (■ cDni««rtar.
<BTM3te eomtol p*nai tor acarni*i#f, RCa ^fm r^
tunlr^, tiitjvtdj bl«' farm ^n. FCC fagt i»Mt 9}.
Rppaatar Atlai

IfIAt 74. Cd car iginii^on «ypdFO CDnrpressor
mi&, irFterfBT^rKfl fuppr«niM«t for uoati. auto
btd'gla* alam^i. 2m tc ptmtrrvt.. IOit^ i<rr {.on

y«ftat,

JULY 74. 4 lOOOA lin«aif, unFvwrtail treq gfin„

Ljnium-sal afsk. gen, 5E13 PC rimst. BOM pli«t«d
135 kHj-432 MMi praamiH, TOM i(fp p»m

.¥ i**. ■« ruuuM iin«9if^ un Fvwrmi' Troq gan^
univHTSal afsk. gen, 5E13 PC tPmst. BOM pli«t«d
arripy, 135 kHj-432 MMi pra»miH, TOM i(fr ^"^
tH, HoaO iMjciupply, haw tp raad {jia^ami

AUG 74. TdriaiiJiil tjiractltiFi^dii wnlrtmfltorv 4EQ
WHJ FET preamp, ipb« qdq tp lipd "r",
TeimWne it put! hoflkup, R39Q ^ ^39!^ Fit
modi, trat-kir>ci tw (iJliiiir; aurQl voJtitioTor^ u^fiI-
kjarbal regulstad: lupp^y. uitu lOMn c&nvtFF teF', rtl
tOQ-rc prDblemi, ID IIfhsf,

S£PT 74. IVIOSKEV alocttoniic; kaya? Lfjair Ij.
«x vnrntng syvtani, Hwm\h 10 103 fi;OiP« f^odt,
qrp EM am t*, ff ipa««h cUppat, MMdud noimv
NmFter i.vw f^tellLte on SSTV monltSF, kirtivvrsl
IC tester, miiiiatura r iiQ co^ftruction, lowai
contivu.i:ti&ri, intFiiita rl BitpnuatoT. «l««.ironlc

(More)

250

photo-flash ideaSj JC 'setecl oi^t-"

OCT 74, MicrotTEiTisistor circuits, i-vntheil^ed
MT230 ipa^T 1), f^p^stsf govBrnmeni, regu
1at«d :5 ^dc si^i^plVd ftri sdicaJ, vemow&3hl£>
rftHatiHw dni&, Mu tar a Id rh6ter»n^, ?M ^eMirij^i
CdI.EJnear, McitOirOiia mprtal cods, 2VI tOEiKf^i
dipaJti, 1.5 MH/ if s^trip^ MONKEY ^■ecti'Onfr::
keym tpBii 3>, -c-afl^on miKs CjrcuiT, hi po'w&r
lO poSi filTCr, 6M prearnp^ 3 vwlrft dipulit. A TV
5vnc flen, NCX 5 rTJD-ct&, mDbLlH i^hip tof apart
mant duveMerSi^ -^^tv a>JtQ v^riicdi trig

NOV 74, K20 A,W <:Qur>ter update, regulated ^
udc Si^jpplv, if^'ind r:tijrecJ:ion intli:cator', synt^ie
fi»j*d HT 220 Ipar-T 2), 20M 3 a( b^am, awio
p^tch p^d hocikups^ doijt}ie'-$.fut:i ant matct^.
nowitE clast injtructi-pn, digi a^wr meter (part 11.
6M cowerier (1 6. MHi if). "Cbridge,-'
WOSKEV efoctronic ^*:^^y^J^ (pari 3^^ Aug. sitv
scan uinvfirter erratB, repeBter aft-freq indica
tor,

DEC 74. Care pf i^iced^, wind ^p<&ad /di r Oi^t i an
in^iicatorj v<jx satelliLte viden convurter, el'^c
Tronic Jieyer, liir>r$ fpr novices, unknp-wn meter
acgtes, S3TV tape iftesa- TTL. (pgic probe.,
poblic ^rvic« bsn'CJ converter, tuned-diade test
receivers,. d3Qi *wr meter (part 2), Telephone

pols btam Support, rhombic ant«nnai. 1974
|nd0K

FEB 75- HejjTh HO ]0 scope mod tor SSTV.
etecifonin: keyer, digital *at«Hite ort>lTa( timer,
OsGSf 7 fip&ratiari. *at#Hll& Orbht&l pi^edittiOrt.
Heath SB- 102 modls, comparir><) f M & AM.
fepeat&r er^ginegr in^, Robot aO-A sjtv can^era
mod., niJutraliiing Hiegith S@-110A, "Bounce
Less ' IC JWiitfll, tape kev«f for C^ t>:.

APR 75. SBd (A^alky fof ?M, 2M ^^nmng
svoihasis^er , fl3 rnH toroi.d irtid, B function.
repeater coritroHer. nkad bsiterv precautions,
T^22C pruannp. te-tachDne attachment rega,
Qu»d# to 2[Vt Hand hf] Id Tra<iiceiiv6rs, 2JVI 7 -el
bearti. tnuc leltphonf} *¥Si*m5 (part l), lO mifl
PD tim&r, modified hf Huatter fnohile anl for
2M, 1 5M quad nrrodifiBd for SDM, ^M colttneef
bepm, R 11A surplus r>f cortvcrs-iofi, 6/16 wau*
2M'ani, HalJIeraf ters SX M\ rx. mods, iGOMcw
tx.

AUG 7S. 146/432 Mhj Helical ants Cpiurt 2i, 10
min ID timer^ dtgi swr coTTiputer ipart If,
(debugging H feedback, DVM byer's guide. Wk
State I lite mon^lOr^ cmo* "atcu kev«r." pc bPard

method. ■sweeprMtjc final precaurions, compan
multrband dtpoltis, small digital clock^ ^cce^iSOry
vfo for hf transceivar, modem no r> Morse coi^es,
multt-functjon geni, 2M starininfl synthetize*
etfara, KP-202 walkv charger. lOM mviUi
alemEm tjoam.

SEPT 75. Calculating freq counter. Wx s^teMite
FAX systeTTV (pait 1), IC rnilhvoltrneter, three-
bMttort TT H:(ei;od#*', iroubieghootirig «Ti,f pis,
401^ dx ants, 14&/432 MHz hfiltcAl ants (con-
clusion). dJgi Si'wr rompLfter (c or^c k*s i Ort ] , reect
relay for Cv^ ■frk-ln, .hlES55 ppesat tiimer, power-
fattur* alarm, pOTtable f^r^p rig poyv^r unit,
precisiion 10 vdc feference startdard, 135 kHz if
strip, telephone handsets with tm tragic a Ivors,

TKere's little to get stale in back issues of 73 {our
magazine is not padded . . Jike others . . . with reams of
activity reports), you or *'giftee" have a fantastic time
reading tliem. Most of the articles are still exciting to
read • , . and old editorials are even more fun for most of
the dire predictions by Green have now come to pass*
Incentive licensing was every bit the debacle he pre-
dicted , . . and more, You1l really get a kick out of the
back issues.

Motorola ( 44 Ik mod lor ATV. 0-SO

synthe^i-^er (part 10, Karrt rad-io ffIL

MHJ

Srnin P4>m«T SuppivV HiMAi ID U-Hi Sun^u^ Pi^ti^

OCT 7S. A deluxe TTY keyboard (part 1),
Op Amps: a basic primer, an introcf uttipn to
microprocessors, 2m SyrithesJzer fcondu
sJon)„ Satellite Fax System (conclusion),
regulated tupplifis (dispelling the mysterv).
Digital Logic made sirFiple. I^CC iniervieiNj. a
contest uP svstem, digital dock tims bAs^ii.
the operating desk, QFiP 432, ham PR.

NOV DEC 7S. 6 lock buster double issue?

FllptJops exposed r breakthrough in fsst
lean ATV, strobing displays is cool, the
turned lunch box (antenna tuner tor HF
transCfiiveriK a deluxe TTY keyboard (part
2}. the 127' rotating rriafit, less than SI 00
multi-purpose scope tor your shack (ipart 1)^
predEcting third order intermod. faadllna
fifimBr, QRMfng The Third Reich,, why tubes
hayen't died, instant circuits - build your
own IC t<ist rig, thfl <20AW synthesiser
PROM-otad, a hand's jntro to microproces-
sing, Ground Fault Intfirrupisf (a k«ep alive
circuit for yourself), a $1 strip chart re-
corder, an aviark simptsr clock osc., the Fun
City surplus scene, updating tHe Haath
IB -11 01 counter^ 23& pagesi

APH 7-B, ai»i;isl t-fA (Siue - A fVogi S^'"^* i^p , Pin ThBI AW Rty

BUitt*!, TH V^mJ *^.n^l(H, A VtirHnil'9 TTV CiMwri^ro*, 7fte
if LL - Ekjiil *^i 1 ^\-2^ Trpij CompuUtrs Atw H«i\miom\y 6jhifi-Ib.

jA<y te. C\a;kt - HenHv Srmpdf jtrl. De^^in ^our Hfim— M, An
A^[0f^B1lU D'l^ilBr fQ' l>ia Onlujii hlb-^- %^l '^''^H '^"'^ N-bzads la
Lifi, Tt*E Coi^p^tta* QSO Mg<--i- f^lj *.,.fVOri!c| CounTCr. Sjw

Kevbnnfd. Imprtv* f| V^^^' ^'^ ^'''^ F F| ftM ER . an 0 more Thn

FtTs.t 73 lirt rwk

\^L} llllc'udB* l-9TSrlnd6MO jJ'Jk

fi.3 t^, iSuil^ 0 SstarNsgl (^amiruiucaitir - Ttelck'ies S1^el:ib^.
5"ifin1iW!Hied rC f rK?uf n^r^^ Sjtundinct, Vou C»n Makir Photo fC
Boards. Huw'r 'Vnur Sp^mih Quahllr?, MCH H'^ Ef9i.>rtnt Ci^runrtw..
PTTY ALimcall Hw Digital Wif . IfflP^^vtnq lUe FT-lOT, hJighr
tt'/i.it^U on 'to nnri 1°Hn^ R«jl1v S,aup Up Your 3in f^BoAfunr, Fut
YcKji SB-l^Dn <60m

HAH 7a. SdvCrah Surn^^u!

SuFul^ji Circuit B^kirrl'

A PC Board Saridi

- A !Jkw Tvi« d ■*■''. r~r :ii-er.

[s h M^Gnnc?, Stereo
Build Tlita Excitinif Nkw* TVT. T*ie

MAY 76. Sptwfcal Artimrta Isssue - The Megnatiosni Sewn* Mncro-
<ith>i. A/i AJIbuuLl tnvat|*ii VflS, ClO«(f Li!»p Anwnna TMflin^, Tht
T5-aOm llioad&sfldtif, Th* Mfleieof shAmchmatmr, How to Cu»k
YotJi A*.'ii9'nrTi(i, 40rri C^X^c\q — tZrf^ &rv-lp, Thn Sie-crei 1^ t^citiil«
Ani^nng, An In-isrtad ^«n Fnr 1iSO^190?ii, Thii Dip<»lii Danqler,
Amat'lil.i* V^AjPtiRf 3liiC9('l il/fe Ri!C£pciC]n. Scan Yp^ir HP:^t2. A Vr.rt
Cheau l.'V3 - Ihff WOdHi IS, C«it Cnnwersnir LUinf PiRGMs. A Nitl^
C3jitut-Cismj3<,n*> SvEtBin, Th« Inj and Owe.^ o' TTL. IJuitd 9 CW
Mamorv. t.'a Wave foiwfli fOf Voiir HT, S&6 Timef St^vsup^ Clrcun
\or SStV, -AM 41- Nut Dv^al — li Mi«r ELitiatgdi ai All, Cornpuia'
Lv1f|uii||ei. ^ SirfipliF wd.

JUM TE. V>ir SpDciul - SulHT COR - Diu'liri dF. Ciiwit'.,
^c^u^:h[□^ne DBExdcr Uiin^ b Culculalur naadDUl, SilTipF4 AiTiai«ur
TV T^f ncxTnti-ar, AmiiEiJr TV flacEiving Sysccn, Mnb^it AutCidinilbrr.
ALitnnal! '1^ Ujinq a TnuchtDHE PtKudec.. Busld Tikis Lati Tvpe
U'ricl^ — irtd MeaiuTB Jwaniivtmar Inv^armt, llkiw Than
TMEinglB Thlnp W^rJt — ■, SoHl of Op Airp ltDndtx»k, ThnsE
gxCillng Marnprv Oilpi - RAhAs, ROM?, 1>HClMs, i"c.,'aSCIU
&tiUdO[ ftith a PP-OM — tor RiWonleis RTTY pn Ciiim^ip'S., Aim
voui B^jiTi Pig^T - Vi'<\h a Pr ogrammtvWf Cflkutm(w.

Jul 76i PerPaet CM — Df*w '«n C^r^ wth thns K«vcpn>r i^ Thfl
Minj-WiCB A1Hjai:iJ QftP fti[J - A iA^^^f i WflllS, A Fur Cflynier
Pr&jflCt - Urtttal $5*1. &wHd ft -Pa.)! trpm Scfstch — Thgn Oct
SaltflFlHi PmiUlflttiml Othsf T*i in^ij Ofl I FLip«5 rsirns ic-gr - Rupspwf
Cortifo! wliih ID. Thd CiflHT NjkI? Clock, Cmssiwi SSTV ft-opTtm
inipiB, CW Kaq»ir*rsio^fl»r(K«(sflr, WhRl'i Up <w IMS MHjT, TT Pjid
for the WitKKi HT, Pcnwi 4»WsplY Tnfl.mB - Tn Sa(^, Ytjur Digiin!
CircuMl, A R TT V/Comptf 1^ OLipLjy Unitt. Vijur Csrrpuinf Can
T^ilk \Acy^ia, G*in (nr Ymjr HT - m Hintf VWave Whip, The Super
Tri)nsmisr(ii , Simpb? VHF U^jiritnr,

AUG 7%. How Dti Ydu Uht IC*? - Fl>n(&rntm«H. SurfifislirpB
Miiiiature L<yH Bind Afltaniia - ih* CKIFCH jPjrl I), WiNF-MOS -
thrii Btrt Kaffir Vai?. Tha Stiflfiini's OeiigUi flraaatKM^fl - Chiwp
Imi^aiiPn b-f 4 Ctk^mar-cid PC DIf ^oaid, Moirg PLL iMaglc, Th«
Logic QnkbLjH - StiMtvd iPcarvHl LDQ>c T''ei:«i, GrotKl CfficUlstltrra
■fpr Itva DJiiir - Using a Hand CaiUulaTOl, Ins-ifirH Coi»ni#
Calfhir&ltfjn Using Ynu-- TV S«t. Simjllfi ■IM MH2 R:<i - G<j ATV
WjEh 9 $43.^ UpduiR, The Firit Cornp--jfef idlontrulled H-am 5l^k>n
-■■ Cmnd Puw Winn«j, The Whirfi Chip Dilanima' - ^.B. 17, fl* Ifi
biif: FfOS 3"^ (;cu>$.i Mn^iiin^ful Conwf riuiiDns wiilh ynur Cnrtli^feEf
— VUhat A'll T4tcH9 M^sFRraoij; UpnguEipH Aia All About, A B:audpt
ManiCDf/Ecl^tO'i Eyiiqin^ A Lf^ic Pr^^lx Vgu Cska Henr, Sacoliil*
OrtjiT PfedtWirif - UtrniB -a Pockai CslculBtor, F^K with tt^t Sfl4D1.
Eu-ild [tiB S#t^^i RTTY Turrnnrnik El (3i?ip<! Signp) llbctr - Ten
GaiJi roi (hft r.!i*atJ«K9if«!

SEP ?6, Tli« SgiT5iiii«!.5 OOPR Loirt M*i» Afltanna fpsrt III-,
UHraiJ iflpi-B PflDuJfliion with r^w EC - fn-wst Suppiv 0*11130
Grjf«!lv Siiiiplili^d, t»H »ti IrvdOQ' A<H*3t«b Wurk - Malunn the Best
OuE af B Bad SoT^Jh. Ir<«yplm^^^ 1? VoIli For Vquf Bbie Sr^ityn,
j^ Tew Lab B«r»fif4 - ^Mm * trantitcof Radia, Protwit Vnui VHF
Ci5m*ri*r - Noitl Anisona Relay, RldiLuknAJv BimpM RTTY
Sv^t^m, Haw (o CaUch a CBVr. A 4SCi MHr TrajMceivflT Ipf l,Jh^
S13a, Space A^ Junquv J I. PROM Mffnorv REvhiTi^f. E](^( Tr«ts
-Scope Ad^pCE-f, TluE PRQM Zappnr. S^icdkv eaijflcf — Wiltl an
A&CI1 KBV'J^iinJl. Simplq- <Sjp|.jhj(;s Tf-Tnrinpi - L4lnB lU^P'U*.
C-t^^nitfj Br« M-!>l Mtjgic — TJhiv'fv $unpl4.

Oct ?5. Build a Waifd 7 Baitl iw^bine Atirmns. BvHd a Countei r«
Y&tjr ft«*>i«r,. Hew ctoVo-j -use tCt? <p»fi II J, QftP f-un on 40 &<td
90 - H«» » pflHi tftld vn\^ Jun & Wnns, Thi! Hvli*-ld QsiBd - Low
V«jn(1liMd, fapflfisa, Hissi*^ FrsquaJtiCV PsTBGIor f Di' Yoy' Cour*iill',
Proysri^rwWs CW iO Unis - for RTTV, H^paatBfl, Mobile. ?!<;.,
Kdewi iCs- ftw th? Cpun^pr Cutiunc - SsmpJnr Cr-utntR-v-f -*fJi:h Uf«
Usfd Pnwer, lj My Riq W-prk^ng or tMo^7 - Build <m EK-bcii^
Ffadiulcd FiEFri MiSt«r nnd KnainL Oiji^kiE- CEiNlikeiirs *^j 1 E nnd 1(}

- a StitFtlaEJltan Gii^rarilbed, Bu^iUJ a Super Sbihrkdrd - Goetl^ighl
O0*w11 10- 1 H?, Tii^ |ii-i;radiSS»B LSfsiti-ife Di<Kfc„ H^JCltanitil RTTY
Bulls-, Hiuf Vliu u*ed a Thiac Y^tr. How to ini«i<iL* ^ Cicnit cn-ip

- BiiKlotj BCD, tsr ASCII ttnirti'tiffn, A TTL T«*[«r - Ijibsi liv
OrniLgrk^ l!a^R4in tCl, Th^i lUf^ H^pn Prfjaremmijr - Molctng Ttijjw
CpnloibndBd uP$ Wcii'K. &A$lC^ Mh^tf Thnf^ - it>« l^^i» o'
BA^^aC, The S^li Art erf P^ogramm ir^ £pnr1 II.

way ?*r Blwkbuitnr see p^ luunl &;rriln*{ Ifpn Ttn, Bl'cvetfl
Mobiia, Biiilfl a .E^npin md V.opii Cour L«jr TIiba iTO', G»t an
Si»e thjih S^rpEM. - Tti« £' Chifwio RT-TO c^ ^ Mbi^-ts', Tli* BRafti
Sa^i — PoEO* Wimorv Svatifii', UKSat«f URi^e«fll Ftsoiiwicy
GftietaiiiX', Tft* ShJii Poektr Tniid"ori», Luijunl Dfvitil tJiiplgy
<iui(*s, Ssl f-if Dwei «l Vii*-? Pfwnni!>, Tti« Wl^d Couni*i, Ths SiB i:i
iVii[ CJen*li:, tha AiiTiMin^ muerffld L - Afttan^a for 20, h*0, attd
BOflv, BarifrV Csu^rgers £-.ip0Sfi<l, Ho^v OO You U« JCs I^K^rl mi.
thil IV ^*uHOf l-t*!^ fttl'Y, Sig IWoMff Piffgl* A3B(m, DwPJ^ tJltitCbl
Dw( Da^iiHJdr, WiaaEhai' Sa(dllir« PtpLay coi^rroL Ha^ Tim^-ShAn^a
Is Her* Fdr You!,. Tlie Sefi AHoF ffoOfaiTpmiftg tpsfi UK OSCAR
CHtiiti cm YilEif A^Uifj ASCIl/BflildOl donvflTtSr Fdr Vtiur TVT,t?iff
Smnkv Tbhit - Ptyfxr SiV^Fv Ttiito-, THe Man UVhci Im^vntBd AC — -
Tul.a, rhn Grnsinss Pioneer o< Tho^ AFll. B-Dudot t^ AS^IJ Ycii
Warn \Tf LH.3rn Progra^nminy?^ Baudot vid BASIC - an |nifeTpr«n:Rf
+01 U &)UCfcni CofniMj-tw. Towitjxd 9 Mo.^'-n PnrftKr TfHiirhscunfl
D«t.-Addr, Ujiina H n^raiuf Bf-aadc»ntr, Tha QuimI StiV ~ AmsuHJi'
Untrovpsn aB^v fii*i.!i in ih,9 U&l, Th« Beneihsoi' SldBtona Won iiOinnfl

- ApidiHow ID Do l[.

DEC 7B, Gu Tiiifis it>r Te« — Simple SuteniHiifJl? Ericocte^, rt*id't.
SimptEit Fiiic Band R*:eHMr»?, Hii* Do. Yij^ Ui* iCs? IjMrt iVJ, A
Supm- Cheapo CMV IDtr. Tht ZF Spaciftl Amenna, CtTtlOl CliKk^
tiuct^r. Sluing 11 G^cr, A' ^tlWi fo>m(Krtflr, What'& All Thi^ LSf'
Bunt? ' 9Ty Oscrrch's Ev« View of tha MibrOproriitOr. Th* S<iFt Art
a\ ProErsmming Lpnrt lllf. P'ul Enap inid V4jup SSTV P-fturii -
h^infi R $20 Frflpicnirr ScarHlDrEi, Whal'i all ThTi Wtte-V^up SCLiFFf

- Talk Abnut C^ld Solder ioiii^ij . ETpiodirtQ thii Pi^nwi VV<h.
ExpKXIinQ ilie S^R Mvt^i-, Tide IQ-2? W^lkia - run^ili^tio^ wrtfl-
Nii:»<:li,, hUalffi DX wilti aSpBctrLrri AinmJV'^b'. DKinti vfilh a W«Mher

MOt ID-AY re. &S' qrtK:le iisupi An Ineii pe^5ivI^ 400 Wa;tl H^
jtmD|aFi«, HdHAi Do V<iu U» lCs?'i|pDrt VI. Mobik S-tlokBV DfltBCEcv

- IO.S <iHi- kKft h -nr l,flai ItL Add. RIT »o Ydlsf TranMei^r,
PSpeditiOii ^'l^ffl<J*^•t tOI i Lffminvn H-cllcctl-wis ol HKITL,
tlmr^n Vour Own flPP D%i«»mY LrO?"^, Faiils^fM Siuper Chargnr
FirtUtI i-<'a I* IWJ', Tha^ Arivfi-jurvs IQ" A-ficinn^ Ifi-r l-EOm, Ftepljcing ifia
K.ifti'la Slwiich - -Simp* TH Sysr*™' for ma Nnwrnn. hiow Yau C*r
SiitniheaiM - tn* VH|^ EpstiWing Appro«;h rp Sm Happina^ii.
HdffchmKMfi 's RCnoed^f — .'me -Cnirpiftsi CW Mfc»chHia. TJin ModiSciuKl
Doei iha PocKst ScanrtflT - RhIIq Shsck <Vo-4 Updait, TR'27 Mgf{
Sqitfld^ WiBi Cdfflpuien Can ai^d Cki't Do, A Htam Sfimn FH|

HaiKllar - Prntt-Sm in BftSIC Ifr d5L4, ReOfiBTflrS, «!*„ Pc'ifi [ Yoyr
Oirm Lagbook - On Your WfiarftSI DfiiTiputet. &*»ing Your MT^
CHh In aa )hf CB 4niEaM.it iuh Fi)r Fun andPioFil. T-unino tno«
Big Antanna Cpils. The 3^ Mod Squad Tskle^ IIHd WaaiTi«ii Rddid
' ^nd Wvul, H^fTunirif tstf j-aser. A aQ ^E>i>t Antenna on a iO I^PCit'
Levi — SD<vir>g B 4Clm KriuicB problim, D-Ual Voltz^e Puwer SupplVr
An AuTiripBTrh BiKsy Sigpnl. Inci^ ifn Eil-B • a GutiV Ltlnbk at a
^V^xhR^I Jif r , MaiM 10 iSusj. jn A^tnnuiEic Kevbt. A 4^ DupbEvtr —
ThnrFiTiin Yn^^ Q»r , W il; Sihnr Z^nc RcpiacE the Ni^^d?

MAGAZINE CLASSICS

□ JUNE 63

□ AUG 63
a OCT 63
a FEB 64

□ may 67
njULY 67
DOCT 67
DJUNE 68

□ JULY 68

□ sept 6S

□ NOV ea

DJAN 69
DfEB 69
DMAR 69
n APR 69
□may 69

□ JUNE 69

□ JULY 69

□ AUG 69

□ sept 69

nocT 69

□ NOV 69

a DEC 69

□ JAN 70

□ FEB 70

□ mar 70

□ APR 70

□ MAY 70

□ JUNE 70

□ DEC 70

□ JAN 71

□ FEB 71
DMAR 71

□ may 71

□ JUNE 71
DJULY 71
DaUG 71
nSEPT 71

□ OCT 71

□ NOV 71

□ AUG 72

□ SEPT 72

□ OCT 72
DnOV 72

□ dec 72
a JAN 7 3
□APR 73

□ JUNE 73

□ AUG 73

□ SEPT 73
DoCT 73

DNOV 73
DDEC 73

□ FEB 74

□ APR 74
OmAY 74

□ JULY 74

□ AUG 74

□ SEPT 74

□ OCT 74

□ NOV 74

□ DEC 7 4

□ FEB 75
DaPR 75

□ AUG 75
DSEPT 75

□ OCT 75

D NOV /DEC 75
njAN 76

□ FEB 76

□ mar 76

UMAY 76

□ JUNE 76

□ JULY 76
□AUG 76

□ SEPT 76

□ OCT 76
□NOV 76

□ DEC 76

□ holiday 76

n $ L50 — single issues (indicate your choice at left)

issues @ $ 1 ,5 0
n $12 - ten issues (indicate your choice at left)
n $20 — 25 issues (indicate your choice at left)
G $10 - 25 issues, our choice □ *66-'70 □ 7 1-75 n *76
D Cash, check, money order enclosed.

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(Add $1.00 iiandtinft charge for orders less than $4.00)

SEND TO: 73 BACK ISSUES PETERBOROUGH NH 03458

12/77

251

The ONLY Complete License Study Guides

• NOVICE STUDY GUIDE - Here is a completely new study guide and reference book for the potential ham* This is not a quest ion /answer
memorization coui"se. Electronic and radio fundamentals are presented and explained in an easy'to-understand fashion, preparing the
beginner for the Novice exam, IncJudes the latest FCC amateur regulattonsr as wtll a& application forms. Easily the best path Into the
excitmg world of ham radio! S4.95*

• GENERAL CLASS STUDY GUIDE - A complete theory course for the prospective GfirteraJ or Technician. This reference explains
iransisior, amplifier, and general radio theory, while preparing the Novice for the "big" ticket. After getting your ticket, you'll use this
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• ADVANCED CLASS STUDY GUIDE - Ready to upgrade your license? To prevent retaking the FCC theory exam, you need the 73
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• EXTRA CLASS LICENSE STUDY GUIDE — Before going for your 1x2 call, it pays to be a master of the Extra class electronic theory.
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73 is interested in helping get more amateurs, so we're giving you the complete set of our tapes for the
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ONLY 4 for SIS. 951 73 is in the publishing business, not tapds^ so
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....>^^_'"!

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7i\

^ r

• WEATHER SATELLITE HANDBOOK Simpfe equipment and
methods for getting good picture? from the weather satellite. Antennas,
receivers, monitors, facsimile you can build, tracking, automatic contfol
(vou don't even have to be home). Dr. Taggart WBBDQT $4.95.

NEW REPEATER ATLAS o1 the ENTJRE world, 150% as big as any
list ever available — neariy 900 more repeaters listed. New impmv^
maps that show the location tjy frequency of every repeater in the
States. Only $1,95.

• VHP ANTENNA HANDBOOK The NEW VHP Antenna Handbook
details the theory, design and construction of hundreds of different
VHF and UHF antennas ... A practical book written for the average
amateur who takes joy »n bu tiding, not full of complex formulas for the
design engineer. Packed with fabulous antenna projects you can build.

• THE CHALLENGE OF 160 is the newest book in the 73 technical
(tbrary, dedicated to 160 meter operating. & Dunn provides alt
necessary information to get started on this unique band. The
a] I -important antenna and ground systems are described in detail. The
introduction contains interesting photos of Stew Perry's (the King of
160) shack. This reference is a must for new and experienced "Top
Band" operators. Price: S4.95.

• COAX HANDBOOK The world's only handbook devoted exdusively
to coax, feedlines and connectors. Special price only $1 .50«

• VOL, I COMPONENT TESTERS . . , how to build transistor testers
(8K diode testers (3), 10 testers (31, voltmeters and VTVMs (91,
ohmmeters {8 different kinds), inductance (3), capacity {9), Q
measurement, crystal checking (61, temperature f2}, aural meters for
the blind (3) and aM sorts of miscellaneous data on meters . . . using
them, making them more versatile, making standards. Invaluable book«
$4,95.

• VOL. II AUDIO FREQUENCY TESTERS . , . jam packed full of all
kinds of audio frequency test equipment, if you're into SSB, RTTY,
SSTV, etc*, this book is a must for you ... a good book for hi-fi addicts
and experimenters tool $4.95.

• VOL. Ill RADIO FREQUENCY TESTERS Radio frequency waves,
the common denominator of Amateur Radio. Such items as SWR,
antenna impedance, line impedance, rf output and field strength;
detailed instructions on testing these items includes sections on signal
generators, crystal calibrators, grid dip oscillators, noise generators,
dummy loads and much more- $4.95-

• THE NEW RTTY HANDBOOK is a brand new 1977 editron and the
only up-to-date RTTY book available. The state of the art has been
changing radically and has made all previous RTTY books obsolete. It
has the latest circuits, great for the newcomer and the expert alike . . .
Only $5.95.

• 73 VERTtCAL, BEAM AND TRIANGLE ANTENNAS by Edward M,
Noll W3FQJ Describes 73 different antennas for amateurs. Each design
is the result of the author's own experiments: each has actually been
built and air-tested. Includes appendices covering the construction of
noise bridges and antenna line tuners, as wetf as methods for measuring
resonant frequency, velocity factor, and standing-wave ratios. 160
pages. $5.50.

• IC OP-AMP COOKBOOK by Walter G. Jung. Covers not only the
basic theory of the IC op amp in great detail, but also includes over 250
practical circuit applications, liberally illustrated. 592 pages, bVi x 8!^,
softbound S12S5.

•73 DIPOLE AND LONG4/VIRE ANTENNAS by Edward M. Noll
W3FQJ This is the first collection of virtually every type of wire
antenna used by amateurs. Includes dimensions, configurations, and
detaited construction data for 73 different antenna types. Appendic^
describe the construction of noise bridges^ line tuners, and data on
measuri^^g resonant frequency, velocity factor, and swr. 160 pages.
$5.50.

• RF AND DIGITAL TEST EQUIPMENT YOU CAN BUILD Rf burst,
function, square wave generators, variable length pulse generators —
100 kHz marker, i-f and rf sweep generators, audio osc, af/rf signal
injector, 146 MHz synthesizer, digital readouts for counter?, several
counters, prescaler. microwave meter, etc. 252 pages. $5.95.

• SSTV HAND&OOK This excellent book tells all about rt, from its
history and b3si<^ to the present state of the art techniques. Contains
chapters on circuits, monitors, cameras, color SSTV, test equipment
and much rrx>re* Hardbound S7, softbound S5,

Vertical
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& SCftN
1_ TELEVISION

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Note: Prices subject to change without notice on books not published bv 73 Magazine.

7l^

^ F

• RTL COOKBOOK by Donald Lancaster. Explains the how and wtiy of
RTL (Resistor-Transistor Logic) and gives design information that can be put
to practical use. Gives a nnultitude of digital applications ranging from the
basic switch to the sophisticated counter, 240 pages; S^A k S%: softbound.
$5.50.

• TTL COOKBOOK by Donald Lancaster. Explains what TTL is, how it
works, and how to use it, Disciiss«s practical applications, such as a digital
counter and display system, tvents counter^ electronic stopwatch, digital
voltmeter, and a digital tachofneter. 33€ pages; 5!^ x8%; softbound. $8S5.

• TVT COOKBOOK bv Donald Lancaster, Describes the use of a standard
televisioo receiver as a nrilcroprocessor CRTterminaL Explains and describes
charactef generation, cursor control and interface information in typical,
easy 'to ^understand Lancaster style. This book is a required text for both the
microcomputer enthusiast and the amateur RTTY operator who desires a
quiet alternative to noisy teletype machines. $8*95.

• FASCINATING WORLD OF RADIO COMMUNICATION Interesting
stories in the history of radio pioneering and discovery. Also includes
the fundamentals of broadcast band DXIng. A must for every radio
amateur, $3,95.

• PRACTICAL TEST INSTRUMENTS YOU CAN BUILD 37 simple
test insirumenis you can make — covers VOMs, VTVMs, semiconductor
testing units, dip meters, wattmeters, and just about jny thing eJse you
might need around the test lab and ham shack. S4.95.

• 1001 PRACTICAL ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS Tabs new 1001
circuits is available for only $9.95 ppd. The next lime you want a
circuit lor just about anything, eat your heart out that you didn't send
for this book the first time you read about it. You'd better order the
book right away, before they run out. S9.95,

• HOW TO MAKE BETTER QSLs Se proud of your QSL Cirds .,,
have a card which gets from space on every hamshack wall . . , win
prizes at hamfests. The only way to have a truly outst and irvg card is to
make it yourself > . . which is easy when you have this new book. S2.00.

• WHAT TO DO AFTER YOU H!T RETURN PCC's first book of computer
gamef , , . AS different computer games you can play in BASIC ... progranu,
descriptions, muchly illustrated* Lunar Landing, Hammurabi, King, Civil 2, Qubic
5, Taxman, Star Trek, Crash, Market, etc. $6.95.

• 101 GAMES IN BASIC Okay, so once you get your computer up and running in
BASIC, then what? Then you need some programs in BASIC, that's what. This
book has 101 games for you, from very simple to real buggers. You get the games,
a description of the games, the listing to put in your computer and a sample run
to show you how they work. Fun, Any one game will be worth more than the
price of the book for the fun you and your family will have with it. $7.B0.

• BASIC by Bob Albrecht, etc. Self- teaching guide to the computer language you
will need to know for use with your microcomputer. 324 pages. This is one of the
easiest ways to learn computer programming. $4.95.

•THE UNDERGROUND BUYING GUIDE Here is a handy guide for the
electronics enthusiast* Over 600 sources of equipment and literature are provided;
some are mail-ordBr^only outfits that do not advertise* Sources are listed
atphsbetically, by service or product, and by state. The guide Is cross-referenced
for ease of use. Electronic publishing houses are also listed. Puyished by PMS
Publishing Co., $5.95 each.

WHAT TO DO

AFTER YOU Hrr

RETURN

RCC » »^-

Ouqin^

* J^fc.

• AN INTRODUCTION TO MICROCOMPUTERS, VOLS* 1 AND 2 At last I
Someone has finally written a book containing hardware details about most of the
popular micro chips available to compuierists. Art introduction to Microcom-
puters, Volumes 1 and 2, by Adam Osborne Associates, are references dealing
with microcomputer architecture in general and specifically with details about
most of the common chips. These books are not software-oriented, but are
invaluable for the hobbyist who is Into building his ov^n interfaces and processors,
Volume 1 is dedicated to general hardware theory related to micros, and Volunie
2 discusses the practical details of each micro chip. (Detailed review in Kilobaud
#2 J Published by Osborne Associates, VoL I - $7.50; VoL II - $12.50.

• 8080 PROGRAMMING FOR LOGIC DESIGN Here is an ideal reference for the
person desiring an in-depth understanding of the SOSO processor. Tlie work is
applicationHDriented, and the 8080 is discussed in Nght of replacing! conventional,
hard'Wired logic systems. Both hardvuare and software is described* Practical
design considerations are provided for the individual wishing to implement an
8030-based control system, (Detailed review in Kilobaud ^\ Published by
OsborT>e Associates, $7.50.

• 6300 PROGRAMMING FOR LOGIC DESIGN Oriented toward the industrial
user, this book describes the process by which con vent "to nai logic can be replaced
by a 6800 microprocessor. Both hardware and software techniques bt% discussed,
as well as interface information. This reference, and its companion dedicated to
8080 users, provide practical information that allows an experimenter to design a
complete micro control system from the "ground up." An excellent reference!
Published by Osborne Associates, $7,50.

Use the order card in the back of this magazine

or itemize your order on a separate piece of peper 6t mail to'

T3 Radio Bookshop • Peterborough NH 03458. Be sure to incJydfl check or detailed credit card information.

Note: Prices subject to change without notice on books not published by 73 Magazine.

1l\

^ w

UKES
WE'

MJCftOCOMPUTlfl

• BRAND NEW DICTIONARY This new microcomputer dictionary fills the
urgent need for all computer people, engineers, scientists, industrialists,
communications people — as professionals, amateurs, teachers, or students — to
become quickly acquainted with the terminology and nomenclature of a new
revolution in computer control capabilities in areas that pervade most of man's
daily activities.

O^r 5000 definitions and eKplanations of terms and concepts (704 pages)
relating to microprocessor, microcomputers and microoont rollers. There are also
separate appendices oni programmablg calcutatdrs: math and statistics definitions;
flowchart symbols and techniques; binary number systems and switching theory;
symbol chans and tables; summaries of BASIC* FORTRAN arwi APL. In addition
there is a oomprehen&i^^ electronics/computer abbreviations and acronyms
section. $1SS5.

• COMPUT€R PROGRAMMING HANDBOOK by Peter Stark. A complete guide
to computer programming and data proces$ing. Includes rrtany worked out
examples and history of computers. $8S5,

• MY COMPUTER LIKES ME , . . WHEN I SPEAK BASIC An Introduction to
BASIC - . . simple enough for vc>ur kids. If you want to teach BASIC to anyone
quickly, this booklet is the way to go, $2.00,

• SCELBI'S GALAXY GAME FOR THE
**§IR00*' Here's a new twist in oompyter games
by Sceibi Computer Consulting and Robert
Findley /Raymond Edwards. The game,
"Galaxy/' pits the operator of a spaceship
against alien craft, as well as such variables as
speed, time, and ammunitkin. No two games
afB the same! This game is described in
Ga/ajr^ Game for the 6800^ publish^ by
Sceibi Computer Consultirtg, Inc^ $14.95^

• 6S00 SOFTWARE GOURMET GUIDE 8t
COOKBOOK K you have been spending too
much time developing routines for your 6800
microprocessor, try the new book by Sceibi
Computing and Robert Findley. This manual,
6800 Software Gourmet Guide snd Cook-
book, describes sorting, searching, and many
other routines for the 8080 user, S9.95.

• 8080 SOFTWARE GOURMET GUIDE
AND COOKBOOK If you have been spending
too much time dewloping simple routines for
your 8080, try this new book by Sceibi
Computing and Robert Findley.This manual,
8030 Software Gourmet Guide and Cook*
book, describes sorting, searching, and marry
other routines for the 8080 user. $9S5.

*CMOS COOKBOOK by Don Lancaster^
pub. Howard W. Sams Company. Another
winner from Don Lancaster, author of the
famous RTL and TTL Cookbooks, The CAfOS
Cookbook details the application of CMOS,
the low power logic family suitable for most
applications presently dominated by TTL,
The book follows the style of the original
Cookbooks. Eight chapters cover all facets of
CMOS togic, and the work is prefaced by 100
pages detailing the characteristics of most
CMOS circuits. The CMOS Cookbook is re-
quired reading for every serious digital experi-
menter. $9S5«

• HOBBY COMPUTERS ARE HERE If you

(or a friend} want to come up to speed on
how computers work ^ , . hardware and soft-
luare . , . this is an excellent book. It starts
with the fundamentals and explains the cir-
cuits, the basics of programming, along with a
couple TVT construction projects, ASCII-
Baudot, etc. This book has the highest recom-
n^ndations as a teaching aid for newcomers.
$4S5.

• FUN WITH COMPUTERS AND BASIC by
Donald O, Spencer^ contains an easy-tOHjnder'
^and explanation of the BASIC Programming
Language and is intended for persons who
have had no previous exposure to computer
programming but want to loam BASIC
quickly, easily, and inter est irigly. Over half
the book is devoted to problems using garnes,
puzzles, and nrtathematical recreations lyou
don't need a math background to understand
most of the problems in this book). A
st^jerior book for self-teaching and learnir>g
computer programming. S6.95.

Use the order card in the back of th

or iterniz^ your order on a separate piece o

73 Radio Bookshop ^ Peterboroygh NH 03458. Be sure to include

Note^ Prices Subject to chan^ without notice on books

IS magazine

f paper 8i fnell to«

check or detailed credit cftrd informatjon

not published bv 73 Magazine,

• THE STORY OF COMPUTERS by Donald

D, Spencer is to computer books what Dick
and Jane is to novels , . . extrernely eiemeniary ,
gives the non^computerist a fair idea of what
the hobbyist is talking about vyhen he speaks
computer lingo. Attefnpts to explain what
computers are and can do to a spouse, child
or any un-electronics-mincted friend. $4 SB,

• SCELBI'S FIRST BOOK OF COMPUTER
GAMES Need a game for your WQ8 or 8080
microprocessor? Try Scefbi^s First Book of
Computer Games for tbe 8008/8080 which
describes three popular games, "Space Cap-
ture," "He3<pawn/' and "Hangman/' Com-
plete flowcharts, logic descript ksn, program
listing, and instructions are provided. A must
for the game freak! Si 4.95.

• MICROCOMPUTER PRIMER by Mitchell
Waite and Michael Pardee, pub. by Howard W.
Sams Company. If you are afraid to get
involi^d with microcomputers for fear of not
understanding them> worry no longer! The
Microcomputer Primer describes basic
computer theory, explains numbering
systems, and introduces the reader to the
world of programming. This book does not
elaborate on specific systerm or chips, but
describes the world of micro computing in
"real world" terminology. There is probably
no bettor way of getting involved with the
exciting new hobby of micro computing.
$7,95,

• INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCES-
SORS by Charles Rockwell of MICROLOG.
Here is an ideal referents for the individual
desiring to understand the hardware asfiects
of microprocessor systems. This book des-
cribes the hardware details of computer
devices in terms the beginner can understand,
instead of treating the micro chip as a ''black
box." Addressing schemes, registers, control,
and memory are all explained, and general
information about hardware systems is pro-
vided. Specific systems are not described and
programming is only briefly discussed, intro*
duct ion To Microf:>roce^ors is a hardware
introduction , , . and a good one, $17.50 US
arKf Canada, $20 elsewhere.

• THE NEW HOBBY COMPUTERS! This
book takes it from where "Hobby Computers
Are Here" leaves off, with ctiapters on Large
Scale Integration, how to choose a micropro-
c^ior chip, an introductran to programming,
low cost I/O for a computer, computer
arithnr>etic, checking memory boards^ a
Baudot monitor /editor sy^em, an audible
logic probe for finding those tough problems,
B hem's computer^ a computer QSO machine
, , , and much, much more! Everything of
interest it there in one volume, ready to be
enjoyed by yoa, $4^5.

• KILOBAUD The Small Computer Magazine
written for the non-PhD computer hobbyist
who warns to krx^w what's new. $2.00 each at
the newsstand^ $15.00 for 1 year sub.

:7±y

^ r

• COMPUTER DICTIONARY by Donald D.
Spericer. A compendium of computer terms
fof beginners and pro f ess ion 3 fs alike. The
Computer Dictiormry by Donald D. Spencer
CJefines words and acronyms used by com-
pyterists in a clear, easy to understand style.
Over 2000 definitions are pfovkted. This
reference is a must for the individual getting
started in the world of microcomputers. The
Compurer Dictionsry by Donald D. Spencer;
published by Camdot Press, $5.95.

• CHEMISTRY WtTH A COMPUTER by Paul
A. Cauchon, An exciting new chemistry book
which contains a cDllectian of tutorial, simu-
lation and problem-generation computer pro-
grams. Tutorials provide individualization of
assignment, immediate evaluation of
responses and a new set of problems with
each run. Simu tat tons provide modeis of
lengthy laboratory experimentation beyond
the limited classroom timeframe and enhance-
ment of course studies by encouraging pre-
laboratory research. Problem-generaUng pro-
grams provide indi vidua Hied sets of questions
on a given topic. Can be used with almost afly
chemistry course at the high school or college
l«wL All programs are written in BAStC^ the
most popular and easy to learn educatton^L
programming language. $9.95.

A QlJTCIt LPOit

^ f?

• TYCHON'S 8080 OCTAL CODE CARD
Slide rule-like aid for programming and
debugging 80S0 software , . . contains all the
mrwmonics and corresponding octal codes.
Instructions are color coded to indicate which
flags are affected during execution. Pocket
sized card only 6yzx3 inches provides neat,
logical format for quick reference. Back side
of card is printed with an ASCII code chart
for 128 characters plus the 8080 status word
and register pair codes. Also available^
Tychon's 8080 Hex Code Card, same as above
only has hex codes instead of octal. Only
$3.00 each.

• 1976 PERIODICAL GUIDE FOR COM*
PUTERISTS is a 20 page book which indexes
over 1,000 personal computing aaides for the
entire year of 1976 from Syte, Creative
Computing, Digital Design^ Dr. Dobbs
Journal, EOf^, Electronic Design, Etectfonics,
Interface Age, Microtrek, Peoples Cornputer
Company, Popular Electronics, QST^ Radio
Electronics, SCCS interface and 73 Amateur
Radio. Articles are indexed under more than
100 subject categories. Price $3j0Q. New
January — June 1977 Editior^ — $3,00.

• A QUICK LOOK AT BASIC by Oonald D,
Spencer. Hei% is a perfect reference for the

beginning programmer. A Quick Look at
BASIC assumes that the reader has no pre-
vious programming experience. This book is a
seit-teaching guide for the individual desiring
to learn the fundamentals of BASId the most
common hobbyist programming language.
Price; S4,95

FEKlODfCAl
GUIDE

DICAL

FOR
COMPUTEEISTS

ttj^*"-*' I***!**

UTERISTS

J, ..

1977

jSWtf - l>rrt»»*T

1976

FORTRAN
Programming

FORTRAN
Workbook

5t>*/ . r.

lu* t^m^ ,

• SIXTY C H A L L ENG I NG PROBL EMS
WITH BASIC SOLUTIONS Donald Spencer,
This book provides the serious student of
BASIC programming with sixty interesttng
problems atKi their solutiorts. None of the
problems require a knowledge of math above

algebra and should interest the casual user of
BAStC on hobby machines, A number of
game programs are also provided, as well as
programs tor financial interest, conversions
and numeric mantpuiations. Price: $6.95

• SOME COMMON BASIC PROGRAMS pub-
lished by Adam Osborne & Assoc iates, Inc,
Pflrfect for non-technical computerjsts requir-
ing re&dy-to-use programs. Business programs
like depreciation forrnulias, loan payrnent
ftolutions and loan interest rates; math rou-
tines containing statistical packages end poly-
nomial derivations . . . plus miscellaneous
programs. Most routines are short and some
provide optional statements that can be
Inierted into the code to slightly modify the
results. Invaluable for the user who Is not an
experienced prograrnmer. AH will operate in
the itand-alone mode. $7.50 paperback,

• THE SECRET GUIDE TO COMPUTERS
Parts 1, 2, and 3 by f^uss Walter. Part One
dascrlbes compHiters in general, and after
reading for ten minutes you will be writing
simple BASIC programs! The reference
employs a step-by-step teaching process, the
end result being a working knowledge of
BASIC. Part Two discusses computer applica-
tions. It's one thing to master the syntax of a
language such as BASIC and another to solve
problems using the new took This also pro-
vides useful technique in problem solving.
The reference follows the light-hearted style
of the first section. Part Three describes
programming languages. Ever heard of APL
and QLISP? BASIC is not the only language
used to program computers, and as the hobby
industry grows additional languages will
become commonplace* Get in on the secret
now - with THE SECRET GUIDE TO
COMPUTERS. Published by Russ Walker, ?th
edition. Part I - $1.75; Part II -- $2.50; Part
111- $3.50.

• FORTRAN PROGRAMMING By Donald
Spencer. If you are familiar with BASIC you
will appreciate the additional capabilities of
FORTRAN, a computer language with most
of BASIC'S features, and much more! FOR-
TRAN was designed for complest numeric
calculations; and possesses extended I/O capa-
bility. It is easily learned, as it is an English-
like computer language. FORTRAN PBO-

f RAM MING IS written for the beginning
ORTRAN programnner. His reference, in
conjunction with the FORTRAN WORK*
BOOK, provides the student of computer
languages with an easy method of mastering
FORTRAN. Basic rules of syntax are dis-
cussed, as well as the use of *'butlt-in"
functions and I/O procedures S7.50*

• FORTRAN WORKBOOK By Donald
Spencer. Provides practical ep^amples and
probtems to solve. Flowcharting, necessary
for most programming applications, is also
discussed. Almost all micros suppon BASIC —
it won't be long before FORTRAN is com-
monplace. Don't miss the programming boat
. . . learn FORTRAN; and be ready for the
next language boom! $3.95*

Use the order card in the back of this magazine

or itemize your order on a separate piece of paper Si mail to;

73 Radio Bookshop • Peterborough MH 03458. Be sure to include check or detailed credit card informstfon*

Nate: Prices subject to change without notice on books not published bv 73 Magazine.

"1 r

wmm^/mmLii

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Dept. Y,E,S,
73 Magazine • Peterborough NH 03458

257

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Peter W. Dahl Co.

4007 Fort Blvd- - El Paso, Texas 79930
Telephone (915) 566-5365 or (915) 751^856

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A = Next higher frequency may also be useful

B = Difficult circuit this period

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P = Poor

1977 DECEMBER

1977

SUN

MON

TUE

WED

THU

SAT

1
F

258

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SMART

NEWf^ FT-901D- YEARS AHEAD WTTH YAESUI

Carrier level control Cathode current, relative

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VOX gain control and PTT/Manuaf
Tnnsmitter activation switdi

VFO tuning knob q^, ^ , TuneSwitcti

** Retyrns transmitter to receive mode
Transmitter After 10 seconds of tune

readout / Plate Tuning

Variable audio filter

Mic garn

Squelch for FM

(optronal)

Audio peak freq.
SJdetone Monitor

Automatic mic
gain control

Mode Switch

LSa/USB/FSK/AM

(FM optronal)

Tuneable refection swltcti

IF Rejection Frequency Control

IF Pass Bandwidth Control

(100 H? to 2.4 KHz)

Frequency
Recall TX

Frequency
Recall RX

External Synthesized VFO

Frequency
memory swftch

Band Switch
leO-lOM Coverage

Clarrfier for transmitter

Transmitter
loading

RF processor

RF processor level
Receiver audio gain

Receiver front end
Anenuator switch

Receiver RF gain
Clanfier control

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Design And Specifications Subject To Change Without Notice Or Obligation

TAESU

The smart radio

YAESU ELECTRONICS CORP., 1S9S4 Downey Ave., Paramount, CA 90723 (213) 633 4007
YAESU ELECTRONICS CORP., Eastern Service Ctr., 613 Redna Ter., Cincinnati, OH 45215

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TRIO-KENWOOD COMMUNICATIONS INC. nil WEST WALNUT/COMPTON, CA 90221

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" '

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