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International  Edition 


January  1984  $2.50 
Issue  #280 


renada  Log 


he  EGG: 
Electronic 
Graphics 
Generator 

Page  56 


Heath's  SS-9000 

Page  107 


Discover 
Crosslinking 

Page  10 

New! 

Encoded  Code: 
The  Bottom  Line 

Page  46 


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65946 

Amateur  Radio's 
Technical  Journal 


A  Wayne  Green  Publication 


Breakthrough  in  Boston: 
The  Birth  of  Crosslinking 

VV1UKZ  built  this  box   It's  small  and  it 

M  ■      ■  ■  _#  > 


works   The  question  is  whether  you're 

W1UKZ 


ready  for  it 


Grenada  Log 

With  a  body-bag  rig  and  gas  from  a  bike,  a 
ham  hustled  home  the  news.  Here's  history 
happening.  ...  .  .  .  K1XR,  N8RK 

Instant  Pane  Relief 

"5T"  This  is  the  only  notch  filter  for  windows 
;■— I  we've  ever  seen  If  you  can  figure  it 
out.  you'll  beat  the  feedtine  flu. .  KC8UD 


Sound  Off! 


[y~|  Here's  the  perfect  S-meter  addon  for 


the  repeater  that  has  everything    The 
higher  the  beep,  the  better  the  signal 

K3JML 

Some  Alarming  Techniques 

~v~  These  burg  tar-proof  circuits  wilt  stump 
■ — I  second-story  men  and  amaze  possible 
thieves— as  well  as  you WA4CCA 

Join  the  Packet-Radio  Revolution  — 

Part  III 

Don't  mess  up.  Packet  protocols  and  proce- 
dures are  all-important  says  WA7GXD,  and 
He's  been  right  so  far  WA7GXD 

The  CW  Stationmaster 


v      Regeneration    turns    the    worst    signal 
-1— I  into  a  CW  symphony  And  thaf  s  not  all 


you  get  when  you  build  this  station  accessory 

W4RNL 

Top  Drawer,  Micro-Style 

V\~A  Building  circuits  is  ftinr  but  drawing 
^™  them  isn't.  Let  your  Apple  do  the 
drafting  K3LF 

Trade  Secrets  of  Mobile  Installation 

Mounting  a  rig  in  your  car  is  not  as  hard 
as  it  seems  Find  out  how  the  pros  do  rt 

K4TVVJ 

Around  and  Around  and  Around 

There's  got  to  be  a  better  way  to  wind 
your  coils  to  specs.  Build  the  Q-meter 


\ 


\ 


i — 


and  get  the  exact  inductance  you  need 

N7  APE 


On  the  Move  with  10  FM! 

JT    These  modifications  for  Comtronix  and 


Azden  rigs  will  get  you  on  your  feet 
in  a  hurry  ,  ,  .     W7AR 


10 


20 


22 


28 


32 


36 


46 


56 


70 


10  FM— 84 


Thank  You  for  Listening 


3y~]  Build  this  simple  speech  expander  and 
stop   shouting.   Your  DX  friends   will 


thank  you  and  the  QSU  will  roll  in. 


VE1 BZJ     86 


Secrets  of  N  reads 

Nicad  batteries  will  save  you  money  Or  will 
they?  WB2FYVV    88 

The  Edison  Effect 

American  inventor  Thomas  Edison  is  re- 
membered for  his  array  of  electrical  firsts. 
But  lesser  known  is  his  invention  of  the  first 
wireless  telegraph. WB2MVK     90 


84 


Never  Say  Die— 6 
73  International— 76 
Corrections— 94 
Social  Events — 94 
Ham  Help— 95, 

100,101 

Circuits— 96, 115 
Fun! — 97 
RTTY  Loop— 97 
Letters— 98 
Dr.  Digital— 99 
FCC— 102 


Awards— 104 
DX— 105 
Review— 107 
New  Products— 110 
Contests— 111 
Reader 
Service — 114 
Barter 'N1  Buy— 117 
Satellites— 117 
Dealer 

Directory— 146 
Propagation— 146 


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NOTCH 


nuw 


ICOM  is  proud  to  announce 
the  most  advanced  amateur 
transceiver  in  communications 
histofy.  Based  on  ICOWs 
proven  high  technology  and 
wide  dynamic  range  HF  receiver 
designs,  the  IC-751  is  a 
competition  grade  ham 
receiver,  a  100KH2  to  30  MHz 
continuous  tuning  general 
coverage  receiver,  and  a  full 
featured  all  mode  solid  state 
horn  band  transmitter,  thai 
covers  all  fhe  new  WA&C  bands. 
And  with  the  optional  internal 
AC  power  supply,  it  becomes 
one  compact,  portable  field 
day  package. 

Receiver.  Utilizing  an  ICOM 
developed  J-FET  DBM.  ttie  IC-751 
has  a  105dB  dynamic  range 
The  7W515MH2  fast  IF  virtually 
eliminates  spurious  responses, 
and  a  high  gain  90115MHz 
second  IF,  with  iCOMs  PBT 
system,  gives  the  ultimate  in 
selectivity    A  de&p  IF  notch  filter, 
adjustable  AGC  and  noise 
blanker  (can  be  adjusted  to 


eliminate  the  woodpecker), 
audio  tone  control,  plus  RIT  with 
separate  readout  provides  easy- 
to-adjust.  clear  reception  even 
in  the  presence  of  strong  QRM  or 
high  noise  levels.  A  low  noise 
receive?  preamp  provides 
exceptional  reception  sensitivity 
as  required 

Transmitter.  The  transmitter 
features  high  reliability  2SC2904 
transistors  in  a  low  IMD  (-38dB 
100W),  full  100%  duty  cycle 
(internal  cooling  fan  standard), 
12  volt  DC  design    Quiet  reiay 
selection  of  transmitter  LPF's, 
transmit  audio  tone  control, 
monitor  circuit  (to  monitor  your 
own  CW  or  SSB  signal).  XfT,  and 
a  high  performance  speech 
processor  enhance  the  IC-751 
transmitter's  operation    For  the 
CW  operator,  semi  break -in  or 
full  OSK  is  provided  for  smooth, 
fast  break-in  keying 

Dual  VFO.  Dual  VFO's 
controlled  by  a  large  tuning 
knob  provide  easy  access  to 


spilt  frequencies  used  In  DX 
operation,   Normal  tuning  rate  Is 
In  10Hz  increments  and 
Increasing  the  speed  of  rotation 
of  the  main  tuning  knob  shifts 
the  tuning  to  50Hz  increments 
automatically.    Pushing  the 
tuning  speed  button  gives  1KHz 
tuning.  Digital  outputs  are 
available  for  computer  control  of 
the  transceiver  frequency  ond 
functions,  ana*  for  a  synthesized 
voice  frequency  readout 

12  Memories.   Thirty  two 
tunable  memories  are  provided 
to  store  mode,  VFO,  and 
frequency,  and  the  CPU  is 
backed  by  an  internal  lithium 
memory  backup  battery  to 
maintain  the  memories  for  up  to 
seven  years    Scanning  of 
frequencies,  memories  and 
bands  are  possible  from  the  unit, 
or  from  the  HM12  scanning 
microphone    In  the  Mode  S 
mode,  only  those  memories  with 
a  particular  mode  are  scanned; 
others  are  bypassed    Data  may 
be  transferred  between  VFO's, 


from  VFO  to  memories,  or  from 

memories  to  VFO. 

Standard  Features.  All  of 

the  above  features  pi  us  FM  unit 
high  shape  factor  F144A,  455  Khz 
SSB  filter  full  function  metering, 
SSB  and  FM  squelch,  convenient 
large  controls,  a  large  selection 
of  plug-in  filters,  and  a  new  high 
visibility  multi-color  flourescent 
display  that  shows  frequency  in 
white,  and  other  functions  in 
white  or  red,  make  the  C-751 
your  best  choice  for  a  superior 
grade  HF  base  transceiver. 

Options.  External  frequency 
controller  external  PS  15  power 
supply,  voice  synthesizer, 
computer  interface,  internal 
power  supply,  high  stability 
reference  crystal  (less  than 
i10Hz  after  1  hour).  HM12  hand 
mic.  desk  mic,  filter  options; 

SSB:    FL70 

CWN:    FL52A,  FL53A, 
FL32.  R63 

AM:    FL33 


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78  $3495  $2480 

374 A  $2595  $1860 

76  A  $1985  $1440 

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76CA  $2695  $1930 

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LM-470D 

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KT-34A 
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KT-34XA 
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PFIFCES  ARE  FOB  CALIF. 

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6-3016    REG.  $23995 
SALE  $799,95 

B-1016    REG,  $27995 
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B-108     REG.  $179,95 
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B-23S     REG.  $89.95 
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Prices,  specifications.  dBscriptions  subject  to  change  without  notice       Calif.  rodents  ptease  add  sates  t&x. 


73  Magazine  *  January,  1984     3 


■^BMi 


1984 
CALLBOOKS 


Order  today! 

NEW  1984 

RADIO  AMATEUR  CALLBOOKS 


Known  throughout  the  world  for  accuracy, 
the  1934  Callbooks  are  a  better  value  than 
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over  430,000  listings;  the  Foreign  Call  book 
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have  been  made  [n  each  edition  since  last 
year.  Special  features  Include  call  changes, 
Silent  Keys,  census  of  amateur  licenses, 
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1984  Callbooks  now  for  earliest  delivery. 

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DU.5.  Callbook  $19.95    $3.05    $23.00 

o  Foreign  Callback       18.95      3.05     22.00 

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The  U.S.  and  Foreign  Supplements  contain 
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The  LJM2RK  decode*  kit  convert*  your  receiver  into  ■ 
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INPUT:  Audio  from  transceiver   scanner,  etC- 
OOTPUT:  SPST  jN  O  )  relay. 

FEATURES:  Single  or  dual  tones  adjustable  over  the  ift 
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LJM2RC  enclosure  kit  includes  molded  case,  speaker, 
input  cable   .  .   $5  plus  $1.50  shipping. 

For  information  and  to  order  write: 


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204  Sunrise  Orlv*.  Madron,  IN   47250     ^2G5 


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The  most  cos t-ef fective  way  to  improve  the  selectivity  oT 
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INFO 


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73:  Amateur  Raftos  T^cftmcAt  Journal 
rtSSN  G745OftQ)0  is  published  rnoniniy 
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dress changes  to  73,  Subscription  Ser- 
vices. PO  Box  931,  Farmingdale 
NY  11737.  Nationally  dismbuted  by  In- 
ternational Circulation  Distributors 


4     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


The  Bearcat  DX1000 

makes  tuning  in  London 
as  easy  as  dialing  a  phone. 


Direct  access  keyboard  tuning 
brings  a  new  level  of  simplicity 
to  shortwave  radio.  With  the 
Bearcat*  DX  1000,  dialing  in  the 
BBC  in  London  is  as  easy  as 
dialing  a  telephone.  And  you  can 
switch  from  the  BBC  to  Peruvian 
Huayno  music  from  Radio  Andina 
instantly.  Without  bandswitching. 

Featuring  the  innovative 
microprocessor  digital  technology 
made  famous  by  Bearcat  scanner 
radios,  the  DX  1000  covers  10  kHz 
to  30  MHz  continuously,  with  PLL 
synthesized  accuracy  But  as 
easy  as  it  is  to  tune,  it  has  all 
the  features  even  the  most 
sophisticated  "DXer"  could  want. 
1 0  memory  channels  let  you 
store  favorite  stations  for  instant 
recall— or  for  faster  "band- 


nn  n 
u   iu 


MHz 


scanning"  during  key  openings. 
The  digital  dis- 
play measures 
frequencies  to 
1  kHz,  or  at  the 
touch  of  a  but- 
ton, doubles  as 
a  two  time  zone,  24-hour  digital 
quartz  clock.  A  built-in  timer 
wakes  you  to  your  favorite 
shortwave  station.  Or,  it  can  be 
programmed  to  activate 
peripheral  equipment  like  a  tape 
recorder  to  record  up  to  ten 
different  broadcasts— any 
frequency,  any  mode — while  you 
are  asleep  or  at  work. 

The  DX  1000  also  includes 
independent  selectivity  selection 
to  help  you  separate  high- 
powered  stations  on  adjacent 


frequencies.  Plus  a  noise  blanking 
system  that  stops  Russian 
pulse  radar  interference, 

There's  never  been  an 
easier  way  to  hear  what  the 
world  has  to  say.  With  the 
Bearcat  DX  1000  shortwave 

radio,  you  have  direct  access  to 

the  world. 

For  the  name  of  your 

nearest  retailer  dial  toll-free , . . 

1-800-SCANNER. 


Frequency  Range:  10  kHz  to  30  MHz  continu- 
ously. Tuning:  Direct  keyboard  enlry,  selectable 
3  or  24  kHz  per  revolution  knob  tuning,  or  manual 
step  Junmg  in  selectable  1  -99  kHz  steps  Sensi- 
tivity: 10  //V  AM,  0  5  //V  CW/SSB/FM.  1.6-30 
MHz  Image  and  IF  Refection:  70  dB  or  more 
Memory:  10  frequency  capacity  Frequency 
Stability:  Better  ihan  100  Hz  after  warm-up, 
Mode*:  AM/LSB/U5B/CW/FM,  AGC:  Seteci- 
e  nasi -Slow  release  times  Filter  Band  widths: 
2  7  kHz  6  kHz  and  12  kHz.  Filter  Selection 
Independent  of  Mode, 


1000 

shortwave  radio. 
Direct  Access  To  The  World. 


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Electro*  Company 

Division  of  Masco  Corp  oJ  Indiana 

300  East  County  Line  Road 
Curnbarland,  Indiana  46229 


W2HSD/1 

NEVER  SAY  DIE 

editorial  t>y  Wayne  Green 


WELL,  1984  IS  HERE 

It  hasn't  turned  out  much  like 
Orweirs  book,  thankfully.  Ac- 
tually, these  should  be  great 
days  for  hams.  After  all,  here  we 
are  right  in  the  early  stages  of 
the  electronic  revolution—some 
thing  amateur  radio  helped  in  a 
great  measure  to  get  started.  The 
revolution  has  taken  some 
twists,  so  only  those  hams  with  a 
flexible  attitude  have  managed 
to  keep  up  with  what  is  going  on. 


Indeed,  I  find  that  I  have  to 
spend  a  good  deal  of  my  time 
just  trying  to  keep  up  with  the 
onrush  of  technology.  This 
means  talking  with  people,  read- 
ing several  hundred  technical 
magazines  a  month  as  well  as  a 
few  books,  and  getting  to 
shows— a  lot  of  shows.  They  are 
worthwhile  for  me  because  I  can 
see  the  gear,  ask  questions,  and 
learn  more  in  a  short  time. 

Okay,  you  may  want  to  know 


HELP  WANTED 

73  is  currently  seeking  a  TECHNICAL/INTERNATIONAL  EDITOR  The  position 
requires  excellent  written  and  oral  common  (cat  ions  skirts,  as  well  as  a  General- 
class  or  higher  Mckel,  Experience  with  microcomputers  woutd  be  a  help.  Re- 
sponsibilities include  participating  In  manuscript  review,  organizing  and  imple- 
menting special  projects,  and  supervising  our  staff  of  foreign  correspondents. 

We  offer  a  competitive  salary  and  benefits  package  and  excellent,  informal 
working  conditions.  As  you  may  Know.  Peterborough  is  located  75  mites  from 
Boston  In  the  beautiful  Monad  nock  region  of  New  Hampshire— a  state  wllh  no 
sales  or  Income  tax, 

Of  course,  we  are  an  equal  opportunity  employer,  I!  you  are  a  non-smoker  in- 
terested In  this  position,  pleaae  forward  your  resume  and  salary  requirements 
to:  Jack  Burnett,  Executive  Editor,  73;  Amateur  Radio's  Technical  Journal,  Peter- 
borough NH  03458. 


OSL  OF  THE  MONTH 

This  month's  flashy  winner,  submitted  by  Jim  Houston  2S6BUR,  surely  brightens  up 
nam-shack  watts  around  the  wortd. 

To  enter  your  OSL  card  in  73* s  OSL  of  the  Month  contest,  put  it  in  an  envelope  with  your 
choice  of  a  book  from  73' s  Radio  Bookshop  and  mail  it  to  73.  Pine  Street,  Petertorouoh 
NH  03453,  Attn  OSL  of  the  Month  Entries  not  in  envelopes  or  without  a  book  choice  will 
not  be  eligible 

6     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


what  the  bottom  line  is  of  all  this 
activity  on  my  part.  HI  tell 
you.  .  take  it  easy.  First,  as  far 
as  amateur  radio  goes,  you  may 
suspect  that  all  is  not  well.  This 
is  heyday  time  for  the  gloom  and 
doomers.  with  ARRL  member- 
ship dropping  like  a  brick,  more 
and  more  dealers  going  bank- 
rupt, more  of  our  American  man- 
ufacturers becoming  invisible, 
and  the  sunspots  diminishing. 

I  prefer  to  look  on  the  bright 
side.  Here  we  have  a  new 
OSCAR  up  there  begging  for 
use.  We  have  several  new 
modes  of  communication  beg- 
ging for  activity  such  as  packet 
radio,  crossband  repeaters,  orv 
thecal r  bulletin  boards— stuff 
like  that.  With  low-cost  com- 
puters and  chips,  experimenters 
have  never  had  it  so  good.  We 
can  build  circuits  in  an  evening 
that  would  have  filled  several 
relay  racks  a  few  years  ago— so 
let's  have  at  it.  You  build  Tem 
and  I'll  publish  'em— okay? 

You  might  like  to  know  that 
we're  seeing  some  progress 
with  some  of  my  other  ideas.  I'd 
like  to  prove  what  can  be  done  in 
high-powered  education— turn- 
ing out  high-tech  kids  with  a 
strong  business  education.  If 
you  think  about  it,  you'll  realize 
that  this  would  be  3  way  to  give 
them  a  super  start  in  a  career 
And  there  is  some  progress  with 
my  idea  for  getting  ham  clubs 
started  in  every  high  school  in 
the  country.  Despite  the  obvious 
need  for  technical  people,  I've 
run  into  more  resistance  with 
this  idea  than  I  expected. 

Now,  in  case  you're  inter- 
ested In  an  overview  of  tech- 

Continued  on  page  1 16 


STAFF 


EDITOR/PUBLISHER 
Wayne  Green  W2NSDJ  i 

ASST  OMTOtVPOttlSHEB 
JetfDeTrayWti&BTH 

EXECUTIVE  EDITOR 
Jonn  C  Burnett 


MANAGING  Ed,TOr 
Susan  Phiibrtct 

ASST   MANAGING  EDITOR 

StCv*  JeurtHf 

EDITORIAL  ASSISTANTS 
Nancy  Noyd 

fecial  f*r**im 

ASSOCIATES 

HobeT  Ba***  WB2GFE 

John  Btm^m  Kt&f 

Qiti  Qow!  KE7C 
C>«J  Hittu  VP*M|_ 

Aw?  L  JanMm  WB8JLG 

Df  Wan:  L«*i*y  WA3AJR 

j  m  Nelson 

B*n  Paslerfu*  WrASfTF 

Pel**  5t»*  *20*w 

Robert  S*-r5**  AFJW 


N*ncr  SaiTnyi 

ASST  TO  THE  PHODUCTIO** 

DIRECTOR 

Ga«itf  Ww^-a* 

ADVERTISING  GRAPHICS 

MANAGER 

Scott  W  Pndtv     ■ 

DESIGN  DIRECTOR 
Christine  Destretritir* 

PRODUCTION 
Latin  Bond 

Pamela  Braaiey 

liftda  Drwn 

Michael  Ford 

MatjOMe  Gillie* 

Donna  Haftwoll 

Kimberly  Nadeau 

PfiyJJig  P<tiat 

Paula  Ramsay 

Ann*  RotdhiD 

kynne  Simonson 

Jean  Suuihworrr 

hpnnerh  5uln> 

rhcreia  Vtfrviila 

Robert  M.  VIWenEUYB 

Karen  WOimflK 

PHOTOGRAPHY 

Thomas  VillpnGuve 
Sandra  DuKeiie 

Nathaniel  Haynea 
Laurie  Jennllnn 

Sturdy  ThomRa 

TYPESETTING 

Sara  Beds  1 1 

Dariane  Bailey 

Marts  Barker 

Prrjm  K'isJina  Gongaiu 

Lynn  Haines 

Cyntfiia  Leloyrneau 

Debtjte  NutMifl 

Lmdy  Pafmisano 

H«xdi  H  Trwvnaa 

Sue  wei  let 


VICE  PRESIOENTrGENERAL  MANAGER 
EteOra  We!  hemp* 

VICE  PRESIDENT*:  ON  TROLLER 
Roger  j    Murphy 

ASSISTANT 

TO  THE  PRESIDENT 

Marine*  Snni  nAnEi 

ACCOUNTING  MANAGER 

CIRCULATION  MANAGER 
Wuitajn  P  Ho*a/d 

RETAIL  AND  NEWSSTAND 
SALES  MANAGE 

HB0T>3*J0^2* 

ADVERTISING 

fMtt>974  7t38 

Jifflfrj.  RftXU   Mgr 

Nancy  Ciampa.  Ass:  Mgr 

Rftfti  K*rtn3ft  KA1GAV 

C-»*Jyl    M^^skr 


ACCESSORIES 


MC-55 


(SP/6P) 


60-6  m  2  KW  SWR/PEP- POWER  Meter 

Jp  to  3  separate  directional  couplers  may  be  connected. 

OneSWC-3  is  supplied.)  Optional  couplers: 

SWC-2  (2-m/70-em,  200  W)  &  SWC  3  fl60  ^6~m,  2  KW]. 


Mobile  Microphone  (Spin  or 
6 -pin) 

700  Q  ElectreL  Condenser  Mic. 
with  flexible  boom,  and  separate 
STAND-BY  box  built  in  UP/DOWN 
switch  and  5  minute  Time-Oui- 
Tlmer, 


IWIC-85 


f 


Multi -Function  Desk  Top  Micro- 
phone (8 -pin) 

700  Q  Unidirectional  Electret  Con 
denser  Mic.  HuilHn  mie-ajtip  with 
output  and  tone  control,  meter* 
XCVR  selector  and  UP/DOWN 
switch.  Optional  rnlc  cables: 
PG-4D  (4-pin) ,  PG-4E  (6-pin)  & 
PG-4F  (8-pin). 


flicro  Headphones  (13  Q) 

Jltra  light  weight  and  portable 
?ar-fHting  headphones  supplied 
vith  two  audio  adaptor  plugs. 


s 


#  \9  ^  S 


n 


m 


m 


00  kHz  250  MHz  Dip  Meter 

Jl  solid-state  and  built-in  battery. 


i 


DeskTop  UP/DOWN  Microphone 
(8-pln] 

700  Q  Uni  directional  Elect  re  I.  Con- 
denser Mie.  with  "FLEX*  type. 
boom.  Built-in  mie-amp  and  UP/ 
DOWN  switch.  Optional  mie  plug 
adaptors:  MJ-84  (8p-4p)  &  MJ-86 
(8p-6ph 


MA-4000 

2-m/70-cm  Dual  Band 
Mobile  Antenna 

5/8  A  for  2-m  and  slacked  5/8  A 
for  70-erm  Duplexer  is  supplied. 


Phone  Patch  (FCC  Part  68 
registered) 


Mill 

High  Quality  External  Mobile 
Speaker 


160~15-ra  2  KW  PEP/i  KW  DC 
Input  Linear  Amplifier 

Pair  of  EIMAC  3-500Z  lubes  and 
excellent  ]MD  characteristics.  Per- 
fecl  safety  protection  with  blower 
turn-o  1  f  d  e  1  ay  £  I  r cu  it. 


Station  Monitor/High- 
Performance  Os  cOtoscope 

Pan-dlsplav  capability  with 
optional  BS-8  (for  TS830S/820S/ 
180S)  or  BS-5  (for  TS  520  series) 
Tr a  n  sm  i  1 1  e  d  wa  vef o  rm  s  a  n  d/  ( >  r 
receiving  signal  waveform  moni- 
tor. Built-in  2 -tone  generator. 


KENWOOD 

TRIO-KENWOOD  COMMUNICATIONS 

1111  West  Walnut.  Compton,  California  90220 


SW-1 OOA/B 

At  160-m  -  2-m.  B;  2-ni-  70-cm, 
150  W  SWR/POWER/VOLT  Meter 

Compact  design  witli  separate 
coupler,  ideal  for  mobile  use. 
Built-in  0-20  V  voltmeter. 


MICROPHONES: 

•  MC-60A  Deluxe  desk  top  micro- 
phone  with  UP/DOWN  switch. 
(8-pin)  Pre-amplifier.  500,  900  9, 

•  MC-60N4  Deluxe  desk  top 
microphone  (pre-amp.  not 
included).  [4-pin)  50  k/500  Q 

•  MC-50  Desk  top  microphone, 
50  k/500  Q  (4-pin) 

•  JMC-48  16-key  autopatch  UP/ 
DQWN  microphone.  (Spin) 

■  MC-46  16-key  autopatch  UP/ 
DOWN  microphone.  (6-pin) 

■  MC-42S  Hand  microphone  with 
UP/DOWN  switch,  [8-pin) 

•  MC-35S  Noise-cancelling  hand 
microphone,  50  k  Q  (4-pin) 

•  MC-30S  Noise-cancelling  hand 
microphone,  500  Q  (4 -pin) 

MICROPHONE  CABLES: 

•  PG-4A/4B/4C  For  MC-60A, 
60N4.  PG-4At4-pin)/4B(6  pin)/' 
4C(8^pin) 

•  PG-4D/4E/4F  For  MC-85.  PG-4D 
[4-pm)/4E{6-pm)/4F(8-pinl 

MICROPHONE  PLUG 
ADAPTORS: 

•  M J -48  [4 -pin  mic  to  8 -pin 
XCVR) 

■  MJ  84  (8-pin  to  4-pin] 

•  MJ-86  (8-pin  to  6-pin) 

HEADPHONES; 

•  HS-6  Lightweight  headphones 

•  HS-5  Deluxe  headphones 

•  HS-4  Standard  headphones 

GENERAJL  PURPOSE  AC  POWER 
SUPPLIES: 

•  KPS-7A  13.8  VDC,  7,5A 
intermittent 

•  KPS-12  13.8  VDCt  12 A 
intermittent 

•  KPS-21  13.8  VDC>  21 A 
intermittent 

ANTENNAS; 

•  RA-3  2-m  3/8  A  Telescoping 
antenna  with  BNC  connector 

■  RA-5  2-m  1/4  A  /70-cm  5/8  X 
Telescoping  dual -hand  antenna 
with  BNC  connector 

Other  accessories: 

•  RD-20  Dummy  load.  50  Q« 

DC  500  MHz,  50  W  intermittent 

•  SP-40  Compact  external  mobile 
speaker 

•  AL-2  Lightning  &  static  protec- 
tor, 50  Q  1  KW  output 

•  PG-3A  DC  line  noise  filter  for 
mohile 

SERVICE  MANUALS; 

•  Available  for  most  transceiver 
receivers,  and  major  accessories. 

NOTE:  Prices  and  specifications 
of  all  Trio -Ken  wood  products 
are  subject  to  change  without 
prior  notice  or  obligation. 


r 


i r 1        - 





r-^T 


— — i 


- 


Blueprint  for  Success 


THE  INTERFACE 


ffc  Kantronics         The  Interface 

RTTY-CW-UP  TcnriinaMJnit 


t  i-i-i   mm   rrn 


cw     off     £1 

RTTY     On       ^J— L, 


JiLliL 


lc  Kantronics 


Interface  ]f_ 


MARK 


NULL 


SPACE 


" 


OUTPUT  SHIFT  AMT=M  POWER 


V 


THE  INTERFACE  H 


Kantronics 


TITLE:  THE  INTERFACE  -  INTERFACE  J  (  PROPOSAL 


the  interface  Is  the  original 

Kantronics  terminal  unit  that 
broke  through  the  barrier  of 
multi-computer  compatibility. 
THE  INTERFACE  Is  an  amateur  mo- 
dem for  transceiver-to-computer 
communication.  With  THE  INTER- 
FACE and  Hamsoft  or  Ham  text  for 
your  computer  you  can  send  and 
receive  Morse  Code,  Radiotele- 
type,  and  ASCII,  THE  INTERFACE  is 
also  compatible  with  our  new 
software  for  AMTOR  communica- 
tion, AMTORSOFT,  THE  INTERFACE 

is  our  most  popular  unit  combin- 
ing active  filtering,  easy  tuning, 
six-computer  compatibility,  and 
low  price  for  an  unbeatable  pack- 
age. 
suggested  Retail  . , . *i  39.95 


;,-'■(■ 


H^™* 


INTERFACE  )  [  is  the  new  Kantronics 
transceiver-to-computer  interface. 
INTERFACE  II  features  a  new  highly 
sensitive  front  end  with  mark  and 
space  filtering  and  a  unique  new  tun- 
ing system.  Even  the  most  discerning 
operator  will  be  surprised  with  the  IN- 
TERFACE 1  rs  ability  to  dig  out  signals 
in  poor  band  conditions,  and  our  new 
tuning  system  even  displays  signal 
fading. 

X-Y  scope  outputs  and  dual  inter- 
face outputs  for  vhf  and  HF  connec- 
tions make  INTERFACE  J I  compatible 
with  almost  any  shack.  All  three  stan- 
dard shifts  are  selectable  and  INTER- 
FACE ][  Is  compatible  with  the  indus- 
try standard  Kantronics  programs: 
Hamsoft,  Hamtext  and  Amtorsoft. 
Step  up  to  state  of  the  art  In 
computer-amateur  communications 

With  INTERFACE  ]  I 

Suggested  Retail  ,.-.;. *269.95 


For  more  information  see  your  Kantronics  dealer,  or  contact: 
Kantronics      1202  E.  25rd  Street      Lawrence,  KS   66044 


u+py t*i . 


MORSE 

TRANSMIT  S   __ 
RECEIVE  SPEED 


00:00:C 


333E 


ENJOY  YOUR  MEAL  AND 
WELL  TALK  TO  YOU 
REAL  SOON  .  .  .  73'S  .  .  . 

WA5RCU 


WEATHER  HERE  IS  WARM  TODAY 
WITH  LOTS  OF  SUN.  .  .XYL  SAYS 
TIME  FOR  DINNER  SO  73'S  W0XI 


Kantronics  has  led  the  amateur  community  in  software 
and  total  computer  communications  systems  with  our 
original  program,  HAMSOFT.  With  five-computer  compat- 
ibility and  reasonable  prices  HAMSOFT  has  become  the  in- 
dustry standard,  HAMSOFT  Includes  split  screen  display, 
type  ahead  buffer,  message  ports,  and  complete  key- 
board control  for  Morse  Code,  Radioteletype,  and  ASCII 
communications,  with  the  interface  or  interface  n, 
HAMSOFT  can  make  any  of  five  computers  a  complete 
amateur  communications  terminal.  All  programs  are  on  a 
ROM  board,  except  the  Apple  diskette. 

VIC-20  -  $49.95,        ATARI  -  $49-95,        APPLE  -  $29.95, 
TRS-80C  -  $59.95,  TI-99/4A  -  $99.95 


HAMTEXT  is  our  advanced  CW/RTTY/ASCII  program 
for  the  VIC-20,  COMMODORE  64,  and  APPLE  computers. 
HAMTEXT  gives  you  the  ability  to  store  incoming  mes- 
sages in  the  computer's  memory,  transmit  files  directly 
from  tape  or  disk,  and  use  your  computer  to  its  fullest 
potential.  Features  like  Diddle,  Time  Transmission,  Text 
Transmission,  Printer  outputs,  and  Word  Wraparound, 
make  HAMTEXT  the  program  for  the  serious  amateur 
HAMTEXT  was  created  with  input  from  our  users  as 
guidelines,  and  with  total  use  of  the  computer  in  mind. 
Suggested  Retail $99.95 


KANTRONICS  AMTORSOFT 
COPYRIGHT  29  JUNE  1983 

CHOOSE 
S  (AMTOR  SLAVE) 
M  (AMTOR  MASTER) 
L  (AMTOR  LISTENER) 
P  (PROGRAM  OPTIONS) 
T  (T/R  OPTIONS) 


00:00:0 
PROGRAM  OPTIONS 

A.  RETURN  TO  BASIC 

B.  EDIT  MESSAGE  PORTS 

C.  SAVE  MESSAGE  PORTS 

D.  LOAD  MESSAGE  PORTS 

E.  SET  XMIT  BUFF  SIZE 

F.  EDIT  HOLDING  BUFFER 

G.  SAVE  HOLDING  BUFFER 
H.  LOAD  HOLDING  BUFFER 

I.  SET  TIME 


On  January  27thr  1983,  amtor,  Amateur  RadioTele- 
type  over  Radio,  became  a  legal  mode  for  the  amateur 
service.  AMTOR  is  an  essentially  error-free  radiotele- 
type form  of  communication.  AMTORSOFT,  Kantron- 
ics1 newest  software  package,  gives  your  computer  the 
ability  to  become  an  AMTOR  communications  terminal 
when  used  with  The  interface  or  interface  3  L  AMTOR- 
SOFT is  currently  available  for  the  Apple,  VIC-20r  and 
COM-64  computers.  AMTORSOFT  brings  you  the  newest 
in  computer-amateur  communications  at  an  afford- 
able price. 
Suggested  Retail *89,95 


For  more  information  see  your  Kantronics  dealer,  or  contact: 
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i 


Breakthrough  in  Boston: 
The  Birth  of  Crosslinking 

W1UKZ  built  this  box.  It's  small  and  it  works. 
The  question  is  whether  you're  ready  for  it 


David  P.  Allen  W1UKZ 
19  Damon  Road 
Scituate  MA  02066 


A  sage  once  said  that  a 
new  idea  is  simply  a  re- 
arrangement of  old  facts. 
This  is  certainly  the  case 
with  crosslinking:  All  of  the 
ingredients  are  well  known 
and  no  new  technology  is  in- 
volved. But  the  effect  of 
putting  them  all  together  in 
a  new  operating  mode  has 
proven  to  be  extraordinarily 
exciting  to  all  who  have  par- 


ticipated.   Let    me    explain 
just  what  crosslinking  is. 

Fig.  1  shows  diagrammath 
cally  how  crosslinking 
works.  The  basic  idea  is  for 
an  individual  amateur  to 
configure  his  low-band  and 
two-meter  rigs  so  that  three 
operating  conditions  can  be 
maintained: 

1)  When  the  amateur  keys 
his  microphone,  he  trans- 
mits simultaneously  on  both 
a  low-band  frequency  and  a 
two-meter  frequency.  One 
microphone  keys  both  rigs. 

2)  When  the  amateur  lis- 
tens, he  pushes  a  button 
which  feeds  the  audio  out- 


put of  whichever  band  he  is 
momentarily  listening  to  in- 
to the  microphone  input  of 
the    other    transmitter    and 

keys  that  transmitter. 

3)  When  listening  to  a  sta- 
tion on  the  other  band,  he 
pushes  a  button  and  re- 
verses that  process.  He  may 
interrupt  this  back-and-forth 
flow  at  any  time  simply  by 
keying  his  microphone. 

If  this  all  sounds  like  a 
manually-operated  repeater, 
you  are  almost  right;  howev- 
er, there  are  some  very  im- 
portant differences.  A  little 
background  will  help  to  ex- 
plain how  this  new  operat- 
ing technique  emerged. 

Background 

For  the  past  five  years,  I 
have   had    the   pleasure   of 


conducting  the  East  Coast 
Apple  Net  on  forty  meters. 
Every  Saturday  morning  we 
gather  af  9  am  eastern  time 
on  7260 JcHz  to  chat  about 
computers  in  general  and 
Apple  computers  in  particu- 
lar This  has  proven  to  be  a 
very  popluar  net  since  so 
many  hams  are  also  com- 
puter enthusiasts.  Because 
of  the  general  popularity  of 
computers,  I  have  known 
for  a  long  time  that  we  have 
a  'lurking/'  voiceless  audi- 
ence of  people  who  have  an 
abiding  computer  interest 
but  no  amateur  license. 
There  are  also  many  li- 
censed amateurs  who  do 
not  have  low-band  privi- 
leges. 

"Why    not/'     thought    I, 
"conduct  the  net  on  both  40 


2    htr 

RPTR 


LOW     BAND 
RI  G 


Photo  A,  Front  view  of  the  logic  box, 
10     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


Fig.  t.  Diagram  of  how  eross/jnfc/ng  works. 


meters  and  2  meters  and 
thereby  enable  a  wider  par- 
ticipation  in  the  net?"  There 
did  not  seem  to  be  any  tech- 
nical reason  standing  in  the 
way  of  this  evolution.  Cross- 
band  operating  is  as  old  as 
amateur  radio  itself,  and  I 
had  all  the  hardware  (al- 
most) necessary  to  try  it.  Just 
one  experiment  with  holding 
microphone  to  loudspeaker 
showed  two  things:  (1)  It  had 
great  possibilities,  and  (2)  a 
missing  black  box  was  need- 
ed to  make  it  work  properly. 

That  was  the  generating 
force  tor  the  "logic  box," 
shown  in  Fig.  2.  More  about 
that  later  There  was  anoth- 
er consideration  which 
might  offer  a  much  greater 
handicap  to  carrying  out 
this  idea  It's  called  'FCC 
rules  and  regulations."  Ama- 
teur Extra  class  licensees 
would  have  no  problem 
with  any  conceivable  per- 
mutation of  operating  fre- 
quencies, but  how  about 
lower-class  licensees?  If  it 
were  illegal  for  a  Technician 
to  join  the  net  on  two  meters 
and  have  his  voice  heard  on 
forty  meters,  then  I  was  just 
spinning  my  wheels  with  fur- 
ther conjecture  on  this  idea. 
It  obviously  was  time  to  go 
to  the  horse's  mouth. 

Conversation  with  the  ad- 
ministrators of  amateur  op- 
erations at  the  FCC  in  Wash- 
ington completely  dissolved 
any  apprehensions  I  had 
about  the  proposed  operat- 
ing procedure.  All  amateur 
participants  would  be  li- 
censed for  the  frequencies 
upon  which  they  were  trans- 
mitting and  over  which  they 
had  control.  All  conversa- 
tion relayed  by  my  facilities 
was  clearly  covered  in  the 
definition  of  what  I  was  li- 
censed to  transmit  I  was  not 
proposing  a  repeater-type 
operation,  which  would  be 
both  illegal  on  the  low 
bands  and  which  would  al- 
low lower-grade  licensees  to 
control  emissions  on  fre- 
quencies for  which  they 
were  not  licensed.  Surprise, 
surprise!  No  bureacratic 
groundbreaking  was  in- 
volved! I  was,  in  fact  sent 


on  my  way  with  an  encour- 
aging endorsement  for  try- 
ing out  a  new  operating 
technique.  Who  says  the  bu- 
reaucracy is  never  adminis- 
tered with  good  judgment 
and  understanding] 

So,      the      decks      were 
cleared  for  action.  But  there 
was  still  the  problem  of  how 
to  oversee  the  net  and  to 
control  the  flow  of  transmis- 
sions.  The  three  points  de- 
fined above  seemed  to  de- 
scribe  all    the  elements   of 
the    technique    that    I    was 
looking  for.  I  wanted  to  be 
able  to  switch  the  audio  to 
flow  in  either  direction  from 
one  band  to  another  at  any 
time.  I  felt  that  a  little  mo 
mentary       toggle       switch 
would  allow  me  to  perform 
that    function    best    And    I 
wanted  to  be  able  to  break 
into    the    transmission    pat- 
tern   at  any  time  with    my 
voice,    so    my    microphone 
switch  should  override  what- 
ever mode   was   going   on 
One  other  corollary   mode 
comes  about  from  pushing 
the   mike   button.   When    I 
finish     talking,     both     rigs 
default     to     the     listening 
mode  so  that  I  can  monitor 
both  bands  at  any  time. 

Hardware 

The  circuit  necessary  to 
control  both  rigs  turned  out 
to  be  a  little  more  compli- 
cated than  I  had  thought. 
Fig,  2  shows  the  result, 
which  I  have  called  the  logic 
box.  Three  relays  are  in- 
volved, one  for  each  band 
control  plus  a  third  relay  for 
my  microphone  keying  and 
to  provide  latching  for  the 
other  two  relays-  Since  the 
logic  of  the  operating  called 
for  a  momentary  switch  clo- 
sure to  open  rather  than 
close  the  ground  circuit  of 
the  latched-up  relays  (a  log- 
ic negative),  I  inserted  a  sim- 
ple transistor  switch  to  in- 
vert the  mechanical  switch 
logic.  Thus,  either  latched- 
up  relay  RY1  or  RY2  can  be 
dropped  by  operating  the 
transistor  switch  through 
SX1  or  by  removing  the 
latching  voltage  by  closing 
the    push-to-talk    switch    on 


Photo  fl.  Rear  view  of  the  logic  box. 


the    microphone   and   drop- 
ping RY3. 

The  LEDs  were  put  in  to 
remind  me  of  my  last  offi- 
cial act  and  clearly  remind 
me  of  what  the  current 
transmission  flow  was  Re- 
lays were  used  because  the 
widespread  variation  of  key- 
ing methods  for  the  current 
crop  of  transceivers  is  enor- 
mous. Varying  polarities  and 
voltages  are  made  totally  ir- 
relevant by  the  good  old  re- 
lay. I  can  use  the  logic  box 
with  any  transceiver  I  can 
lay  my  hands  on. 

Photos  A  and  B  show  the 
front  and  back  of  the  logic 
box.  The  inside  is  a  typical 
prototype  mess  (so  I  won't 
let  you  in),  but  it  all  works  ex- 
actly as  planned.  I  decided 
to  use  the  "standard"  four- 
pin  microphone  connector 
used  by  so  many  transceiver 
manufacturers  and  readily 
available  at  Radio  Shack. 
The  speaker  audio  is  bridged 
from  the  transceiver  at  the 
auxiliary    audio-output    jack 


and  fed  into  the  logic  box 
through  the  mini-jack  con- 
nector. Power  for  the  relays 
is  provided  by  any  9-12-volt 
calculator-type  power  sup- 
ply that  can  furnish  on  the 
order  of  200  milliamperes. 

I  was  concerned  about 
the  varying  levels  of  audio 
among  the  microphone  and 
loudspeaker  outputs,  This 
turned  out  to  be  a  reason- 
able concern  My  first  at- 
tempt was  just  to  "brute- 
force"  the  audio  through 
and  see  what  happened  It 
worked,  but  not  well.  Here's 
what  I  had  to  do. 

No  ordinary  microphone 
seems  to  be  up  to  the  task  of 
feeding  two  rigs  at  once.  The 
main  problem  is  the  widely 
varying  input  impedances  of 
various  transceivers  plus  the 
generally  low  output  of 
most  microphones.  The  so- 
lution for  me  was  an  ampli- 
fied Astatic  D-104  micro- 
phone. The  power  amplifier 
in  this  microphone  turns  the 
mike  signal  into  a  relatively 


Photo  C  The  mini-jack  connector. 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984    11 


LOW  BAND  RIG 

Ktt  MIC  $FHA 


£  MTR    fliQ 
HD 

HET  MIC  $*«» 


IflO   1  AS  TAT  It  OIU4.  AMpLinO>i 

a 


Fig.  2.  Schematic  of  the  W1UKZ  logic  box. 


low-impedance  output  with 
some  power  behind  it.  Since 
the  impedance  of  the  micro- 
phone amplifier  is  lower 
than  erther  transceiver  mike- 
input  impedance,  there  is 
plenty  of  audio  available  for 
each.  Most  two-meter  trans- 
ceivers have  very  efficient 
age  circuits  in  their  mike-in- 
put circuits  so  I  did  not  have 
to  monitor  that  signal  input 
The  low-band  rig  I  am  using 
(an  Atlas  2T0X)  gives  me  me- 
ter monitoring  of  the  audio 
input  and  a  gain  control  to 
manually  adjust  it 

Experience  proved  that 
the  audio  levels  needed  just 
a  little  more  balancing,  I 
wanted  to  be  able  to  set  the 
loudspeaker  levels  for  each 
rig  for  comfortable  listening 
and  to  have  that  be  about 
right  for  the  mike  inputs  In 
my  case,  this  meant  padding 
down  the  audio  from  the 
transceivers  rather  heavily.  I 
cobbled  up  some  loss-pad 
cables,  consisting  of  my 
standard  fourpin  micro- 
phone connectors  and 
mounting  the  male  end,  nor- 
mally  living  as  a  chassis- 
mount  configuration,  on  the 
plastic  cap  of  a  discarded 
35mm  film  container.  [See 
Photo  C)  Inside  the  contain- 
er is  a  560kOhm  resistor  in 
series  with  the  hot  audio 
lead,    providing    the    neces- 

12     73  Magazine  ■  January/1984 


sary  padding.  Holes  for  the 
cable  and  connector  take 
about  ten  seconds  to  make 
with  a  Princess  soldering 
iron!  Of  course,  I  could  easi- 
ly have  inserted  the  padding 
resistors  inside  the  logic  boxr 
but  this  would  have  limited 
the  universal  nature  of  cou- 
pling the  box  to  my  rig  con- 
figuration. For  me,  putting 
the  pads  in  their  own  junc- 
tion cables  was  best 

One  other  hardware  con- 
sideration doesn't  appear  on 
the  diagram.  My  next  box 
will  have  a  simple  switch  to 
disable  the  keying  lead  to  ei- 
ther rig.  This  will  make  it  un- 
necessary to  disconnect  the 
2-meter  input  when  I  want 
to  key  only  the  low-band  rig 
Since  I  am  using  SSB  on  low 
bands,  switching  off  the  sig- 
nal to  the  low-band  rig  is  as 
simple  as  turning  down  the 
mike  gain  control.  That  fa- 
cility is  not  available  on  two- 
meter  transceivers. 

One  other  hardware  con- 
sideration should  be  men- 
tioned. I  discovered  that  al- 
most all  commercially-avail- 
able two-meter  transceivers 
have  an  unpublished  duty- 
cycle  specification,  In  my 
case,  with  the  Kenwood 
TR-780G,  it  is  three  minutes 
of  transmitting  followed  by 
one  minute  of  listening.  To 
transgress  on  that  specifica- 


tion is  to  run  your  rig  very 
hot— hot  enough  to  do  dam- 
age to  the  final  transistor 
stage.  This  is  true  even  at 
low-power  options.  In  cross- 
link operations,  transmis- 
sions longer  than  three  min- 
utes are  commonplace,  so  a 
fan  was  in  order.  A  cooling 
fan  directed  at  the  heat  sink 
of  the  two-meter  rig  totally 
solved  this  problem,  All 
those  RTTY  enthusiasts 
should  note  this  potential 
problem  since  two-meter 
RTTY  operating  will  certain- 
ly run  into  the  same  condi- 
tion. 

Operating  Experience 

So,  how  does  it  work?  On 
the  net  operations  it  was  an 

instant  success.  The  net  im- 
mediately acquired  a  hand- 
ful of  stations  not  previously 
heard  from  In  addition, 
many  comments  from  other 
hams  who,  although  not  in- 
clined to  join  the  net  by  an- 
nouncing their  presence, 
found  it  very  convenient  to 
be  able  to  go  about  their 
Saturday  morning  chores 
while  carrying  around  a  han- 
die-talkie to  monitor  the 
proceedings  of  the  net.  Of 
course  if  they  were  so  in- 
clined, they  could  break  in 
at  any  point  to  make  their 
comments  heard, 

The    real    excitement   for 


this  operating  mode  has 
come  from  an  unexpected 
direction.  Since  I  had  the  ca- 
pability, I  decided  to  ex- 
plore the  advantage  of 
crosslinking  for  less  formal 
purposes  than  net  opera 
tion.  Instant  success! 

The  procedure  used  has 
been  to  find  an  under-used 
repeater  and  call  "CQ  DX  " 
Of  course,  this  conventional 
invitation  goes  out  over 
both  the  low-band  and  two- 
meter  frequencies.  Some 
puzzlement  is  expressed  by 
two-meter  listeners  who 
hear  "CQ  DX  20"  and  sus- 
pect the  contents  of  my  cof- 
fee cup.  An  understanding 
quickly  ensues,  however, 
and  before  you  know  it, 
there  is  a  round  table  under 
way  on  the  two-meter  repeat- 
er involving  one  or  more  DX 
stations.  The  excitement 
generated  by  this  technique 
was  wholly  unexpected. 

The  first  comments  came 
with  wild  enthusiasm  from 
Technicians  who  sudden K 
found  themselves  able  to  ex- 
perience the  pleasure  of  DX 
operations  for  the  first  time. 
With  this  occasional  taste  of 
upgrading  experience,  they 
proceed  with  redoubled  en- 
thusiasm on  the  path  of  li- 
cense upgrading.  But  Gener- 
al, Advanced,  and  Extra 
class  licensees  have  been 
equally  vociferous  in  their 
endorsements  As  explained 
to  me,  there  is  something 
really  neat  in  being  able  to 
walk  on  the  beach  with  a 
handie-talkie  and  chat  with 
a  Russian  amateur  near 
Moscow!  The  two-meter 
mobilers,  on  the  way  home 
through  dismal  traffic  con- 
ditions, also  are  excited 
about  working  on  their 
DXCC  while  engaged  in  stop- 
and-go  traffic. 

And  the  DX  stations! 
Well,  they  stand  in  line  just 
waiting  for  an  opportunity 
to  join  the  crosslink,  Opera- 
tionally, I  have  tried  to  en- 
courage  more  than  one  DX 
station  at  a  time,  if  the  DX 
stations  can  hear  each  oth- 
er, so  that  the  benefits  of 
two-meter  round-table  con- 
versation may  be  employed. 


And  you  can  see  it — in  color — again  and  again 
when  you  own  the  N2NY  Ham  MasterTapes. 


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radio  component,  device,  or  system 
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Paris  List 


Quantity 

'     Item 

Description 

Radio  Shack  # 

2 

RY1,  RY2 

4PDT  relay,  12  Vdc 

275-214 

1 

RY3 

SPOT  relay,  12Vdc 

275-243 

2 

Q1,Q2 

NPN  transistor 

276-1617 

1 

sxi 

DPDT  switch,  mom. 

27S637 

3 

LED1.2.3 

Indicating  LEDs 

3 

R1,  R2,  R3 

680-Ohm  resistor,  1/4  W 

2 

R4,  R5 

10kOhm  resistor,  1/4  W 

2 

C1,C2 

10-uF,  15-WV  capacitor 

3 

Microphone  socket 

274-002 

2 

Microphone  plug 

274*001 

3 

D1  p  D2,  D3 

Diode 

276*1620 

1 

16-pin  DIP  socket  {tot  RY3) 

2 

Socket,  RY1, 

2   Relay  socket 

275-221 

1 

12-V-dc  power  supply 

273-1652 

1 

Power-supply  jack 

274-1549 

2 

Audio  jack,  1/8,+ 

274-253 

A  typical  drive-time  round 
table  recently  found  sta- 
tions   in    Northern    Ireland, 

England,  Holland,  Italy,  Cor- 
sica, and  Central  Nigeria  in  a 
round  table  with  five  or  six 
two-meter  mobile  stations 
on  their  way  home  from 
work!  Another  time  found  a 
one-Watt  mobile  station  in 
Portsmouth,  New  Hamp- 
shire, talking  with  a  station 
(ON0)  in  the  Aland  Islands 
off  the  coast  of  Finland  His 
route  was  via  a  two-meter 
repeater  in  New  Hampshire 
to  my  station  on  the  south 
shore  area  in  Boston,  over  to 
Europe.  Not  bad  for  one 
Watt! 

The  permutations  of  this 
technique  are  probably  al- 
ready cycling  through  your 
mind.  The  band  combina- 
tions obviously  are  not  lim- 
ited between  just  20  meters 
and  two  meters.  And  rag- 
chews  don't  have  to  involve 
only  DX  stations.  How  many 
different  ways  can  you  think 
of   which    might   have    lots 


and  lots  of  good  amateur  ra- 
dio fun  involved,  while  at 
the  same  time  challenging 

us  to  develop  new  hardware 
and  operating  techniques? 
How  about  different  operat- 
ing modes  from  just  voice 
transmissions?  A  mixture, 
maybe 

New  Techniques 
and  Considerations 

Here  are  some  things  I 
have  teamed  already  and 
some  things  that  are  as  yet 
unresolved: 

•  Two-meter  and  DX-band 
operating  procedures  differ 
markedly.  Two-meter  opera- 
tors use  a  speech-shorthand 
technique  which  needs  mod- 
ification when  DX  stations, 
some  with  limited  English 
capability  (and  with  some 
QRM  and  QSB  problems 
thrown  in),  get  added  to  the 
two-meter  round  table.  DX 
stations  seem  very,  very  in- 
terested in  the  everyday  ex- 
periences commonly  dis- 
cussed on  two  meters  but 


cors^tfs^i^r^io^T-iar^js 


HAS 
MOVED!! 


New  Address:  13313  Forest  Hill  Rd. 

Grand  Ledge,  Ml  48837 

New  Phone: 
(517)626-6044 


6-10  P.M. 
Sun.  thru  Thurs 


rarely  mentioned  in  DX  con- 
versations Two-meter  oper- 
ators need  to  be  clear  in 
identifying  their  stations,  us- 
ing phonetics  for  their  call- 
signs  when  necessary. 

•  Depending  upon  the  skill 
of  the  operator  at  the  host 
crossl  inking  station,  rapid 
c  on  ve  rs  ation  a  I  gam  bits ,  com- 
mon to  two  meters,  can 
be  employed.  I  think  this 
type  of  exchange  should  be 
encouraged,  but  time  will 
tell. 

•  Crosslink  operators  must 
be  very  careful  not  to  allow 
transmission  by  unlicensed 
persons  to  enter  the  cross- 
link when  stations  in  coun- 
tries not  supporting  third- 
party  traffic  are  involved. 
Since  this  is  a  brand  new  op- 
erating world  for  many 
Technician  licensees,  they 
are  often  unlikely  to  remem- 
ber third-party  proscriptions. 

•  All  crosslink  operators 
should  keep  very  complete 
logs.  This  is  not  required  by 
any  FCC  rule  or  regulation;  it 
is  simply  to  be  able  to  recon 
struct  what  went  on  for  pur- 
poses of  QSLing  and  other 
record  keeping.  How  the 
rest  of  the  world  views  the 
establishment  of  DX  records 
for  recognized  purposes  is 
yet  to  be  established,  At 
least  one  ham  has  started  his 
own  path  toward  DXCC  via 
crosslinking. 

•  Amazingly    enough,    this 

technique  both  serves  to 
conserve  frequencies  on  the 
crowded  low  bands  and  pro- 
vides new  opportunities  to 
develop  greater  employ- 
ment of  lesser-used  bands, 
such  as  six  meters.  Clearly, 
six  DX  stations  and  six  two- 
meter  stations  employing 
only  one  low-band  frequen- 
cy and  two  two-meter  fre- 
quencies is  band  conserva- 
tion. If  the  VHF  frequency 
were  on  six  meters,  then  the 
other  part  of  the  new  equa- 
tion would  also  be  true, 

•  All  is  not  just  sweetness 
and  light  when  new  oper- 
ating conditions  appear 
Those  stations  who  like 
two-meter-repeater  opera- 
tion the  way  it  is  may  object 


strenuously  to  a  new  idea 
which  invades  their  other- 
wise untrammeled  domain 
Crosslink  operators  can  ex- 
pect to  be  invited  off  some 
repeaters.  Crosslinking  can 
use  up  a  lot  of  repeater  time, 
and  those  areas  where  re- 
peaters are  in  short  supply 
can  anticipate  even  greater 
discussion  about  how  re- 
peaters should  be  em- 
ployed. Maybe  repeaters 
will  need  to  be  established 
primarily  for  crosslinking 
Crosslinking  on  direct  VH(- 
frequencies  needs  to  be  de- 
veloped, 

•  In  the  same  vein,  the  cor- 
dial atmosphere  which  nor- 
mally exists  on  repeaters 
during  drive  time  needs  to 
be  conserved,  When  a  cross- 
linking  control  station  con- 
nects with  a  low-band  sta- 
tion who  wishes  to  crosslink, 
what  happens?  If  there  are 
stations  on  the  repeater 
waiting  to  chatr  all  well  and 
good.  But  suppose  that  two- 
meter  connections  have  not 
yet  been  established?  What 
then?  The  crosslink  control 
station  needs  to  assess  care- 
fully how  courteously  to  en- 
ter a  two-meter  repeater 
with  a  DX  station  tagging 
along.  Sometimes,  two-me- 
ter stations  just  don't  want 
"foreign"  stations  to  enter 
their  discussions  and  are  not 
prepared  to  modify  their 
technique  to  accommodate 
language  and  listening  diffi- 
culties. How  to  establish  a 
new  operating  protocol  for 
this  new  ham  radio  tech- 
nique needs  to  be  discussed. 
Crosslinking,  I  suspect 
may  become  one  of  the 
most  exciting  operating 
techniques  to  be  adopted 
since  the  entrance  of  single 
sideband.  It  comes  with 
great  opportunities  and  a 
variety  of  operating  proce- 
dures yet  to  be  developed  It 
does  not  require  any  new 
hardware  developments.  You 
can  begin  crosslinking  as 
soon  as  you  return  from 
your  focal  Radio  Shack  store 
with  less  than  $20  worth  of 
parts  If  that  doesn't  make 
this  idea  pretty  exciting,  I 
don't  know  what  wilMB 


14    73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


Pocket  Size  Radio,  Perfect  for  Christmas. 


"V 


_\ 


TR720 


•  * » With  Guaranteed  Overnight  Delivery 


The  TR-720  contains  the  latest 
microprocessing  technology  which  is 
responsible  for  its  amazing  size  (6.6" 
x  2£"x  L5")  and  weight  (L2  lb,).  Fea- 
tures include  3  memory  channels,  720 
COM  and  200  XAV  channel  <  >perationT 
twist -off  rechargeable  battery  packt  and 
mul ti -function  LED  to  indicate  receive 
signal  or  low  battery.  A  full  set  of  stand* 
ard  accessories  including  rechargeable 
battery,  AC  and  DC  chargers,  case,  flex 
antenna,  and  earphone  pul  you  straight 
on  the  air.  Optional  accessories  are 
available. 

The  TR-720  increases  the  operating 
safety  of  balloons,  sailplanes,  and  ul- 
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with  ground  crews  or  ATC.  It  allows 
receipt  of  IFR  clearances  prior  to 
engine  start  and  is  tndispensible  tor 
search  and  rescue,  forest  fire  fighting, 


or  law  enforcement  to  coordinate  air- 
craft operations.  Sport  aircraft,  home- 
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munication. But  perhaps  the  best 
advantage  is  the  peace  of  mind  that 
comes  from  having  an  emergency 
hack-up  transceiver. 

The  TR-720  comes  with  a  full  1  year 
warranty  with  guaranteed  72  hour 
turnaround  and  is  available  for  im- 
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your  local  Avionics  Dealer  or  FBO. 

The  TR-720.  rugged,  reliable  com- 
munications in  the  palm  of  your  hand. 


$795.00 


Aircraft  Owners  Net 

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300   WATT   ANTENNA   TUNER    HAS   SWR/WATTMETER,    ANTENNA    SWITCH,    BALUN. 
MATCHES  EVERYTHING  FROM  1.8  to  30  MHz. 

MFJ's  fastest  sailing  tuner  packs  In  plenty  of  new  features! 

•  New  Styling!  Brushed  aluminum  front.  All  metal  cabinet, 

•  New  SWR/Wattmeter!  Mare  accurate,  Switch  selectable 
300/30  watt  ranges.  Read  forward/reflected  power, 

•  New  AntBnna  Switch!  Front  panel  mounted.  Select  2  coax 
lines,  direct  or  through  tuner,  random  wire/balanced  line  or 
tuner  bypass  for  dummy  load. 

•  New  airweund  inductor!  Larger  more  efficient  12  position  air- 
wound  inductor  gives  lower  losses  and  more  watts  out.  Run  up 
to  300  watts  RF  power  output.  Matches  everything  from  1 ,8  to 
30  MHz:  dipoles,  inverted  vee.  random  wires,  verticals,  mobile 
whips,  beams,  balanced  and  coax  lines.  Built-in  4:1  balun  for 
balanced  lines.  1000V  capacitor  spacing.  Black.  11x3x7  inches. 
Works  with  all  solid  state  or  tube  rigs,  Easy  to  use,  anywhere. 


Mr 


M3&EL  Mf^-*41& 


$99.95 


MFJ-9410 


NEW 
FEA TURES 


RTTY/ASCII/CW  COMPUTER 
INTERFACE     mfj-1224  $99.95 


■ 


■*■", 


mm.         -**     ^k    ^h.    jh    ^t, 
wft*    **-j    vq'    J^K    ^H    H     Mb 


■^H?,:.  mi .   ~* 


M.'ifi    M\ 


Send  and  receive  computerized  RTTY/ASCH/ 
CW  with  nearly  any  personal  computer  (VIC-20. 
Apple,  TRS-B0C,  Atari,  TI-99,  Commodore  64, 
etc.).  Use  Kantronics  or  most  other  RTTY/CW 
software.  Copies  both  mark  and  space,  any  shift 
{Including  170, 425, 850  Hz)  and  any  speed  (5-100 
WPM  RTTY/CW.  300  baud  ASCII).  Sharp  B  pole 
active  filter  for  CW  and  170  Hz  shift.  Sends  170, 
850  Hz  shift.  Normal  /Reverse  switch  eliminates 
retuning.  Automatic  noise  llmiter.  Kantronics 
compatible  socket  plus  exclusive  general  purpose 
socket.  8x1  Wx6  in.  12-15  VOC  or  110  VAC  with 
adapter,  MFJ-1312,  $9.95. 

RX  NOISE 
BRIDGE 

Maximize 

your  antenna 

performance!       $59.95  mfj-2028 

Tells  whether  to  shorten  or  lengthen  antenna  for 
minimum  SWR.  Measure  resonant  frequency, 
radiation  resistance  and  reactance. 
New  Features:  Individually  calibrated  resistance 
scale,  expanded  capacitance  range  (±150  pf), 
Built-in  range  extender  tor  measurements  be- 
yond scale  readings.  1-100  MHz.  Comprehensive 
manual.  Use  9  V  battery.  2x4x4  in. 

INDOOR  TUNED  ACTIVE 
ANTENNA  i 

"World  Grabber"  rivals  or  exceed*  reception    j 
of  outside  long  wlresl  Unique  tuned  Active 
Antenna  minimizes  inter  mod,  improves  select- 
ivity, reduces  noise  outside  tuned  band,  even 
functions  as  preselector  with  external  antennas. 
Covers  0,3-30  MHz.  Telescoping  antenna- 
Tune,  Band,  Gain, 
On-off  bypass  controls. 
6x2x6  in ,  Uses  9V 
battery,  9-18  V DC  or 
110  VAC  with  adapter, 
MFJ-1312,  $9.95.  $79.35  MFJ-102U 


POLICE/FIRE/WEATHER 
2  M  HANDHELD  CONVERTER 

Turn  your  synthesized  scanning       $39. 95 
2  meter  handheld  Into  a  hot  Police/  |;  mfj 
Fire/Weather  band  scanner! 
144-148  MHzhandhelds 
receive  Police/Fire  on  154- 
158  MHz  with  direct  fre- 
quency readout.  Hear 
NOAA  maritime  coastal 
plus  more  on  160-164  MHz- 
Converter  mounts  between 
handheld  and  rubber  ducky. 
Feedthru  allows  simultaneous 
scanniog  of  both  2  meters 
and  Pofice/FIre  bands.  No 
missed  calls.  Crystal  controlled.  Bypass/Off 
switch  allows  transmitting  (up  to  5  watts}.  Use 
AAA  battery.  2V4x1  VixWi  in.  8NC  connectors. 

MFJ/BENCHER  KEYER 
COMBO 

MFJ -422 

$99.95 

The  best  of 
all  CW  worlds- 

a  deluxe  MFJ  Keyer  in  a  compacfTonfiguration 
that  fits  right  on  the  Bencher  iambic  paddle! 
MFJ  Keyer  -  small  in  size,  big  in  features.  Curtis 
8044  IC,  adjustable  weight  and  tone,  front  panel 
volume  and  speed  controls  {8-50  WPM).  Built- 
in  dot-dash  memories.  Speaker,  sidetone,  and 
push  button  selection  of  semi-automatic/tune 
or  automatic  modes.  Solid  state  keying.  Bencher 
paddle  is  fully  adjustable;  heavy  steel  base  with 
non-skid  feet.  Uses  9  V  battery  or  110  VAC  with 
optional  adapter,  MFJ-1305P  $9.95. 

VHF  SWR/WATTMETER 

Low  ce&t  mfj-812  $29*95 

VHF  SWR/ 

Wattmeter! 
Read  SWR 
(14  to  170  MHz) 

and  forward/ 

reflected  power 

at  2  meters.  Has  30  and  300  watts  scales.  Also 

read  relative  field  strength.  4x2x3  in. 


— ..;:J.-  *■■<** 


■ 


1  KW  DUMMY  LOAD 

MFJ -250  $34.95 

Tune  up  fast,  extend 
life  of  finals,  reduce 
QFI M!  Rated  1KWCW        ffff 
or  2KW  PEP  for  10  min- 
utes. Haff  rating  for  20 
minutes,  continuous  at 
200WCW,  400W  PEP. 
VSWR  under  1 .2  to  30 
MHz,  1.5  to  300  MHz. 
Oil  contains  no  PCS. 


§■ 


t 


50  ohm  non-inductive  resistor.  Safety  vent. 
Carrying  handle.  71/2x634  in, 

24/12  HOUR  CLOCK/  ID  TIMER 

MFJ-103 

Switch  to  24 
hour  GMT  or 
12  hour  format! 

Battery  backup 

maintains  time  during  power  outage.  ID  timer 
alerts  every  9  minutes  after  reset.  Switchable 
seconds  readout.  Elapsed  timer.  Just  start  clock 
from  zero  and  note  time  of  event  up  to  24  hours. 
Bright  blue   .6"   digits.   Alarm  with   snooze 
function,  Synchronizable  with  WVW.  Lock 
function  prevents  mis-setting.  Power  out,  alarm 
on  indicators  Black.  5x2x3  in.  110  VAC,  60  Hz. 

DUALTUNABLESSB/CW 

FILTER  MFJ-752B  $89.95 


WS«K't •■  x  ,-■ 


-TTriYiYiViMnli     


Dual  filters  give  unmatched  performance! 
The  primary  filter  lets  you  peak,  notch,  low 
pass  or  high  pass  with  extra  steep  skirts. 

Auxiliary  filter  gives  70  db  notch,  40  Hz  peak. 
Both  filters  tune  from  300  to  3000  Hz  with 
variable  bandwidth  from  40  Hz  to  nearly  fiat. 
Constant  output  as  bandwidth  Is  varied;  linear 
frequency  control.  Switchable  noise  limiter  for 
impulse  noise.  Simulated  stereo  sound  tor  CW 
lets  ears  and  mind  reject  QRM.  Inputs  for  2  rigs. 
Plugs  into  phone  jack.  Two  watts  for  speaker. 
Off  bypasses  filter.  9-18  VPC  or  110  VAC  with 
optional  adapter,  MFJ-1312,  $9.95 


ORDER  ANY  PRODUCT  FROM  MFJ  AND  TRY  IT-  NO 

OBLIGATION.  IF  NOT  DELIGHTED,  RETURN  WITH- 
IN 30  DAYS  FOR  PRO  MPT  RE  FUND  (LESS  SHIPPING), 

•  One  year  unconditional  guarantee  •  Made  in  USA. 

•  Add  (4,00  each  shipping/handling    *  Call  or  write 
for  free  catalog,  over  100  product!. 


MFJ  ENTERPRISES,  INC. 
Box  494,  MIsiJulppl  State,  MS  39762 


TO  ORDER  OR  FOR  YOUR  NEAREST 
DEALER,  CALL  TOLL-FREE 

800-647-1800,  Call  601  -323 -5B69 
in  Miss,  and  outside  continental  USA 
Telex  53-4590  MFJ  ST KV 


16     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


MFJ  RTTY  /  ASCII  /  CW 
COMPUTER  INTERFACE 

Lets  you  send  and  receive  computerized  RTTY /ASCI  I /CW.  Copies  all 
shifts  and  all  speeds.  Copies  on  both  mark  and  space.  Sharp  8  Pole  active 
filter  for  170  Hz  shift  and  CW.  Plugs  between  your  rig  and  VIC-20,  Apple, 
TRS-80C,  Atari,  TI-99,  Commodore  64  or  most  other  personal  computers. 
Uses  MFJ,  Kantronics  software  and  most  other  RTTY/CW  software. 


ftfj 


* 


■TTY 


O 


PWH 


PHASE 
LOCK 


DATA 


*     * 


NORM 


•  •• 


MFJ  RTTY  CW 
COMPUTER  INTERFACE 


MOOEL  Mf  J-1J2I 


» 


4£SR 


*£V 


tit* 


I 


MFJ  Software  plus  MFJ  Interface 


for  VIC-20  or  Commodore  64 

i Software  cartridge  alone.  $49  35. 

Ordor  MFJ-1250(or  VIC^D 
Mf  J-1251  lor  Commodore  64} 


95 


Powerful  RTTY/ASCU/CW software  for  V9C-2Q,  Commodore  64. 
Dev&ioped  by  MFJ.  Cartridge  plugs  info  expansion  port. 

Features  spiff  screen  display,  type  ahead  buffer,  message  ports, 
RTTY/ASCU/CW  send  and  receive  p/us  much  more. 

Includes  cable  to  interface  MFJ- 1224  to  VIC-20  or  Commodore  54. 


This  new  MFJ-1224  RTTY/ASCII/CW  Computer 
Interface  lets  you  cuse  your  personal  computer  as  a 
computerized  full  featured  RTTY/ASCII/CW  station 
for  sending  and  receiving. 

It  plugs  between  your  rig  and  your  VIC-20.  Apple, 
TRS-8QC.  Atari,  TI-99,  Commodore  K  and  most 
other  personal  computers. 

Powerful  MFJ  software  available  for  VIC^O  (MFJ- 
1250,  $49.95)  and  Commodore  64  (MFJ^1251 ,  $49.95). 
Features  split  screen  display,  type  ahead  buffer, 
message  ports,  RTTY/ASCU/CW  send  and  receive 
plus  more. 

Uses  Kantronics  software  for  Apple.  TRS-80C, 
Atari.  THB  as  well  as  VIC-20  and  Commodore  64. 

You  can  also  use  most  other  RTTY/CW  software 
with  nearly  any  personal  computer. 

A  2  LED  tuning  Indicator  system  makes  tuning 
fast,  easy  and  positive,  You  can  distinguish  between 
RTTY/CW  without  even  hearing  it. 

Once  tuned  in,  the  Interface  allows  you  to  copy  any 
shift  (170,  425,  850  Hz  and  all  shifts  between  and  be- 
yond) and  any  speed  (5  to  100  WPM  on  RTTY/CW 
and  up  to  300  baud  on  ASCII). 

Copies  on  both  mark  and  space,  not  mark  only  or 
space  only.  This  greatly  improves  copy  under  adverse 

conditions. 
A  sharp  8  pole  active  fitter  for  170  Hz  shift  and  CW 

atlows  good  copy  under  crowded,  fading  and  weak 
signal  conditions. 

An  automatic  noise  limiter  helps  suppress  static 
crashes  for  better  copy. 


A  Normal/Reverse  switch  eliminates  retunmg 
white  stepping  thru  various  RTTY  speeds  and  shifts. 

The  demodulator  wilt  even  maintain  copy  on  a 
slightly  drifting  signal. 

A  +  250  VDC  loop  output  is  available  to  drive  your 
RTTY  machine.  Has  convenient  speaker  output  jack, 

Phase  continuous  AFSK  transmitter  tones  are 
generated  by  a  clean,  stable  Exar  2206  function  gen- 
erator Standard  space  tones  of  2125  Hz  and  mark 
tones  of  2295  and  2975  Hz  are  generated-  A  set  of 
microphone  lines  is  provided  for  AFSK  out,  AFSK 
ground,  PTT  out  and  PTT  ground. 

FSK  keying  is  provided  for  transceivers  with  FSK. 

High  voltage  grid  block  and  direct  outputs  are 
provided  tor  CW  keying  of  your  transmitter  A  CW 
transmit  LED  provides  visual  indication  of  CW  trans- 
mission. There  is  also  an  external  hand  key  or 
electronic  keyer  input  jack. 

In  addition  to  the  Kantronics  compatible  socket,  an 
exclusive  general  purpose  socket  allows  interlacing  to 
nearly  any  personal  computer  with  most  appropriate 
software.  The  following  TTL  compatible  lines  are 
available:  RTTY  demod  out.  CW  demod  out,  CW-ID 
input,  +5  VDC,  ground.  All  signal  lines  are  buffered 
and  can  be  inverted  using  an  internal  DIP  switch. 

For  example,  you  can  use  Galfo  software  with 
Apple  computers.  RAK  software  with  VIC-20's,  or 
Clay  Abrams  software  with  TRS-80C.  N4EU  software 
with  TRS-80  It!,  IV.  Some  computers  with  some  soft- 
ware may  require  some  external  components. 

DC  voltages  are  IC  regulated  to  provide  stable 


ORDER  ANY  PRODUCT  FROM  MFJ  AND  TRY  IT- MO 
OBLIGATION  IF  NOT  DELIGHTED,  RETURN  WITH- 
IN 30  DAYS  FOR  PROMPT  REFUND  (LESS  SHIPPING) 

•  One  year  unconditional  guarantee  *  Made  in  USA, 

•  Add  HOG  each  shipping/handling  •  Call  or  writ* 
for  free  catalog,  ovtr  100  product! 


MFJ  ENTERPRISES  .INC, 
Box  494,  Mississippi  State.  MS  39762 


MFJ-1224 

AFSK  tones  and  RTT  Y/ASCI I  /CW  reception. 

Aluminum  cabinet  Brushed  aluminum  front  panel 
8x1  %x6 inches.  Uses  12-15  VDC  or  110  VAC  with  op- 
tional adapter.  MFJ-1312.  $9,95. 

MFJ-1223,  S29.95.  RS-232  adapter  for  MFJ-1224. 

RTTY/ASCII/CW  Receive  Only 
SWL  Computer  Interface 

•*...#•*•  ■•  •      u** 

— -=— — '    '-»  V^  MFJ-1225 

Use  your  personal  computer  to  receive  commercial. 

military  and  amateur  RTTY/ASCII/CW  traffic. 
The  MFJ-1225  automatically  copies  ail  shifts  (850. 

425. 170  Hz  shift  and  afl  others)  and  all  speeds, 
It  plugs  between  your  receiver  and  VIC-20.  Apple, 

TRS-80C,  Atari.  TI-99,  Commodore  64  and  most  other 

personal  computers. 

Use  MFJ-1250  ($49.95)  software  cartridge  for 
VIC-20  or  MFJ-1251  ($49.95)  software  cartridge  for 
Commodore  64,  Use  Kantronics  software  for  Apple, 
TRS-&0C,  Atari  and  Tl  99. 

An  automatic  noise  limiter  helps  suppress  static 
crashes  for  better  copy,  wtiile  a  simple  2  LED  tuning 
indicator  system  makes  tuning  fast,  easy  and  positive. 

In  addition  to  the  Kantronics  compatible  socket,  a 
general  purpose  socket  provides  RTTY  out.  RTTY  in- 
verted out  CW  out.  CW  inverted  out,  ground  and 
+5VDG  for  interfacing  to  nearly  any  personal 
computer  with  most  appropriate  software. 

Audio  in. speaker  out  jacks.  4T/?x1  VSx4  W  Jn.  12-15 
VDC  or  110  VAC  with  adapter,  MFJ-1312.  $9.95, 


TO  ORDER  OR  FOR  YOUR  NEAREST 

DEALER,  CALL  TOLL-FREE 

800-647-1800.  call  xr 

601-323-5869  in  Mississippi  and  out-        m 
side  continental  U.S.A.  Telex  53-4590. 


**Sm  Ltsf  of  Advertts&r$  on  page  Ti4 


73  Magazine  *  January,  1984     17 


HUSTLER 

DELIVERS 
RELIABLE  . 

ALL  BAND  HF  / 
PERFORMANCE 


Hustler's  new  6-BTV  six- 
band  trap  vertical  fixed 
station  antenna  offers 
all  band  operation 
with  unmatched  con- 
venience. The  6-BTV 
offers  1Q  15,  20,  3CX 
40,  and  75/80  meter 
coverage  with  ex- 
cellent bandwidth 
and  low  VSWR.  Its 
durable  heavy 
gauge  aluminum 
construction  with 
fiberglass  trap 
forms  and  stain- 
less steel  hard- 
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Jong  reliability. 

Thirty 
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(30-MTK) 
for  4-BTV 
and  5-BTV 
are  also 
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Don't  miss  our  30  meter  excitement. 

HUSTLER  - 
STILL  THE  STANDARD  OF  PERFORMANCE. 


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receiver  and  hand-held  control 
unit,  Wilson  gives  you  the  most 
complete,  integrated  system 
you  can  own. 

At  Wilson  Microwave  Systems, 
we  put  the  world  of  entertain- 
ment in  the  palm  of  your  hand. 


NOW  ONLY 


F.O.B. 

Nampa.  ID 


$1695.00 

Includes:  110*  LNA  -  Polqrtier  t  -  100'  Cable 
Wilson  MD9  Dish  *  YM1000  Receiver 


YM 1 000 

Dealerships  Available 

312  12th  Ave.  So. 

Nampa ,  Idaho  83651 

(208)  466-6727 

Wats  Lines:  ^3b 

In  State  1  -800-654-1319 

Out  of  State  1-800-654-0795 


•  ■>  •:  .p.s 

••■■••■ 


••  ■  '•  •:  ■ 


->:^>. 


•     •  v.-  *<■■■ 


or 


- 


•...-...  ; 


high  stability 
•  prompt  service 
||  •  cost  savings 


BEEPERS! 


IF  YOU  HAVEN'T  HEARD  OUR  BEEPERS 
YOU'RE  NOT  LISTENING! 


What's  a  BEEPER?  Someumes  ealisd  a  "ocmnasy  beep/" 

both  Fsx&oan  BEEPERS  add  &  gentle  hJgh  frequency  beep 
auiomatttally  to  the  Beginning  of  each  transmission  and  a 
low  beep  at  the  end.  "Taik-oiw  (s  a  thing  of  the  pastl 
INTRODUCING  BF-4  "The  PBOM  BEEPER  The  PRO  la 
state-  of-tha-art  beeping!  Include  a  digitally-  program- 
mable timer  i line  ]t  for  ID  or  fcLmeput  warnings!,  an 
autfirti^tic:  "Slumber  Mode"  for  long  battery  lite  (9V  bat- 
tery required— not  included),  and  programmable  Toluma 
control  of  the  unique  doubt*  4- beep  timeout  warning.  No 
speaker l  Ubsb  a  plezo -transducer! 

Hook -u^1  a  a  snap  with  either  model!  Interfaces  to  virtual- 
ly ah  modsm  gear.  Manual  supplied  with  oach  BEEFER 
Available  in  En^ne  version  s: 

"A"  versions  are  complete  with  ease,  cabLe,  indu-siry- 
standard  4-pLn  connecters 

MB"  versions  an*  the  same  as  above  but  without  connec- 
tors. Add  your  own  I 

"C"  versions  art  circuit-board  models!  tor  custom  |n« 
Btailatlons.  Perfect  for  repeaters  or  bunding  I2TO 
your  rig 


BEEPERS  ABE  A 
FAXSCAH  EXCLUSIVE! 


BP-  4 ' '  Tfie  PRO' '  BEEFER        SP-5 "  lThs  Original ' '  BEEPER 
A-  (79  All  units  are  assembled,,  tested.  A-  $S9 

B-    tm         carry  a  30- day  Limited  warranty.         B-   14$ 
C-    *49  and  shipped  pre-paid  in  US.  C-    |£9 


zsl 


fax™  ,w 


Ohio  residents  add  6%  sales  tax 
f99 


31  Ah  DehI  C)t\ve  •  Payrpr,.  Ohio  45-4 1  fl 


TM 


r 


I^I 


ICOM 


HF  Transceivers:  Regular  SALE 

IC-740  9-band  200w  PEP  Xcvr $1099.00  949" 

plus  FREE  PS-740  internal  power  supply  & 

$50  Factory  Rebate  -  until  gone! 

PS^740  Internal  power  supply .  $159.00  149*5 

*EX-241  Marker  unit .. 20,00 

*EX-242  FMunit.... 39  00 

*EX-243  Electronic  keyer  unit 50.00 

*FL-45  500  Hz  CW  filter  (1st  IF),.....  59  50 

*FL-54  270  Hz  CW  filter  (ht  IF) 47.50 

*FL-52A  500  Hz  CW  filter  (2nd  IF),..  96.50    89" 

*FL-53A  250  Hi  CW  filter  (2nd  IF).,.  96.50    89" 

*FL-44A  SSB  filter  (2nd  IF) 159.00  144" 

SM-5  Electret  desk  microphone 39.00 

HM-1Q  Mobile  scan  microphone 39,50 

MB-12  Mobile  mount, 1950 

^Options  aho  far  IC-745  fisted  below 

IC-730  8- band  200w  PEP  Xcvr  w/mic ...  $829.00  599" 
FL-30  SSB  filter  (passband  tuning)...      59.50 

Fl  44/ A  SSB  filter  (2nd  IF) 159,00  144" 

Fl-45  50G  Hz  CW  filter. ....     59.50 

EM95  Marker  unit,, ,     3900 

EX-202  LDA  interface;  730/2KL/AH-1     27.50 

EX- 203  150  Ht  CW  audio  filter. 39  00 

EX-205  Transporter  switching  unit,,.     29  00 

SM-5  Electret  desk  microphone 39.00 

HM-10  Mobile  scan  microphone 39.50 

MB-5  Mobile  mount 19  50 

IG-720A  9-band  Xcvr/.i  30  MHr  tor  $1349  00  899" 

FL  32  500  Hz  CW  filter 59.50 

FL-34  5.2  KHz  AM  filter 49,50 

MB-5  Mobile  mount... ..      19,50 

IC-7072  transceive  interlace,  R-70.,  112.50 

IC-745  9  band  xcvr/.  1-30  MHz  rcvr....  $999.00  899" 

P5-35  Internal  power  supply 160,00  144s5 

CF5-455K5  2.8  KHz  wide  SSB  filter        TBA 

SM-6  Desk  microphone ,......»     39.00 

HM-12  Hand  microphone ,.,.,,.     39  50 

See  iQ-740  list  above  for  other  options  (■*) 


Options  -  continued 

EX-310  Voice  synthesizer  (1C-751) 

SP-3  External  speaker 

Speaker /phone  patch  (specify  radio) 

BC-IOA  Memory  back-up 

EX-2  Relay  box  w/marker 

AT- 100  lOOw  Bband  automatic  ant 
AT- 500  500w  9-band  automatic  ant 
MT100  Manual  antenna  tuner.... 
AH-1  5-band  mobile  ant  w/tuner . 
PS-30  20A  systems  power  supply,. 

GC-4  World  clock.,/. 

HF  Linear  amplifier 
IC-2KL  160-15m/WARC  solid  state  I 
VHF/UHF  Mutti-modes 
IC-251A*  2m  FM/SSB/CWxcvr... 


■    ¥  *  m    ■ 


■a    m    .     .    ■    p   J.   i 


tuner 
tuner 


Regular 

39.95 

49  50 

139.00 

8  50 

34.00 
349  00 
449.00 
249.00 
289.00 
259.95 

99,95 


SALE 


12995 


314*5 
399*5 
224" 
25^ 
233^ 
94** 


inear  1795,00  1299 


* 


$50  Factory  Rebate 


$749.00  5499> 

until  gone! 


m 

699 

799 

99 


IC-551D  80w  6m  Xcvr . $699 

PS-20  20A  switching  ps/spkr.„ 229 

EX-106  FM  adaptor. 125 

BC-10A  Memory  back-up 8 

SM-2  Electret  desk  microphone 39 

IC-451A  430-440  SSB/FM/CW  Xcvr/ps  899 

IC-451A/High  440  450  MH*  Xcvr/ps  899 
AG-1   lBdbpreamp,  IC-451A/45A. 

IC-271A  2m,  25w  xcvr 

IC-471A  430-450  MHz.  lOw  xcvr 

PS-25  Internal  power  supply 

EX-310  Voice  synthesizer 39. 

HM-12  Hand  microphone.., 39. 

SMS  Electret  desk  microphons 39. 

VHF/UHF  FM 

IC-25A  2m,  25w,  up-dn-ttp  mic. grn  ledsS359. 

IC-25H  as  above,  but  45  watts 389, 

JC-45A  440  FM  xcvr.  lOw.  TTP  mic... 

BU-1  Memory  back  up 

IC-22U   lOw  2m  FM  non-digital  Xcvr... 

EX- 199  Remote  frequency  selector . 
RP-3010  440  MHz  repeater 


399 

38. 

299 

999 


00  599« 

00  199" 

00  112'5 

50 

00 

00  769" 

00  769" 

00   79*5 

00  62995 

QG71955 

00   8995 

95 

50 

00 

00  319" 

00  349" 

00  359" 

50 

00  249" 

00 

00  899" 


rcvr$ 


i    H    ■    I   ' 


IC-751  9-band  xcwr/.l-30  MHz 

PS-35  Internal  power  supply  . 

FL-52A  500  Hz  CW  filter 

FL-53A  250  Hz  CW  filter 

FL-33  AM  filter 

SM-6  Desk  microphone  .... 

HM-12  Hand  microphone 

External  frequency  controller 

High  stability  reference  crystal... 
Options:  720/730/740/745/751 
PS- 15  External  20A  power  supply.. 

EX-144  Adaptor;  CF-l/PS-15 .... 

CF-1  Cooling  fan  for  PS  15 
PS-20  20A  switching  ps  w/speaker .... 

CM  Adaptor;  HF  radio  to  PS-20.... 

CF-1  Cooling  fan  for  PS-20 .,.. 


,  r ,  _  ..  .  _  . 


139900 

160.00 

96.50 

96.50 

31.50 

39,00 

39.50 

TBA 

TBA 

Regular 

$149.00 

6.50 

45.00 

229.00 

10,00 

45.00 


1229 

144" 

89fS 

89" 


SALE 
134*5 


199 


Rc. 


ATTENTION  CLUBS,  GROUPS,  etc. 
UHF  Transceiver/Repeater  SPECIAL! 

Get  together  and  buy  [10)  ICOM  IC-45Afsat 
one  time  at  the  Low  AES  Sale  Price  and  get 
the  RP-3Q1Q  Repeater  at  50%  off  List  Price. 


VHF/UHF  multi-modes: 

IC-290H  25w  2m  SSB/FM  Xcvr,  FTP  mic 

IC-560  lOw  6m  SSB/FM/CW  Xcvr 

IC-490A  lOw  430-440  SSB/FM/CW  Xcvr 

VHF/UHF  Portables: 

IC-505  3/10w  6m  port.  SSB/CW  Xcvr 

BP4G  Infernal  nicad  battery  pack... 

Du'iD  f\\j  cnargsr . . . . . . . . .  *  * .  * . . . . . . * .  * 

EX-248  FMumt. .v, 

LC-10  Leather  case . 

IC-402  432  portage  SSB  xcvr 

SP-4  Remote  speaker 

IC-3PS  Power  supply  for  portables 

IC-20L  2m  amp,  lOw  PEP  or  FM. ....... 

IC-30L  432  amp,  lOw  PEP/FM 

1.2  CHz  equipment 

IC-120  lw  1.2  GHz  FM  xcvr , 

RP-1210  lOw  1.2  GHz  repeater.. 

Cabinet  for  RP  1210  or  RP-3010 


$549.00 
489.00 
649.00 

449.00 
79.50 
1250 

49,50 

34,95 
389.00 
24.95 
95  00 
98.00 
105.00 

$499,00 

TBA 

249.00 


489" 
439" 
579" 

399" 


299" 

8995 
89" 
9495 


449 


yr- 


Hand-held  transceivers: 
New  Deluxe  Model  -  Full  keyboard  entry; 
Sea  nn mg;  1 0  memories;  offset  memories; 
I  odd  offsets;  32  PL  tones:  batt.  backup. 
£M  I  LCD  display,  3W  w/std.  BP-3  pack  or  5W 
w/new  opt.  pack.  Uses  IC-2A  accessories. 

Deluxe  Models  Regular  SALE 

IC-02A  for  2  meters  $  319,00  289" 
IC  MAT  withDTMF...   349  00  31495 

Standard  Models  Regular  SALE 

IC-2A  for  2  meters 239.50  214" 

IC-2AT  with  TTP 269  50  219" 

IC-3A  for  220  MHz...  269  95  234" 
IC-3AT  with  TTP '.  299.95  239" 

IC-4A  for  440  MHz.,.  26995  234" 

IC-4AT  with  TTP 299  95  239" 

A  ccessories  for  Hand-he  Ids :  Regu  I  a  r 

BC-25U  Extra  15-hour  m\\  charger.... $10.00 

BC-30  1/ 15-hour  drop-in  charger  for  BP-2/3/5    69.00 

BP-2*  450  ma,  7.2v  lw  ext.  time  battery 39  50 

BP^3  Extra  std.  250ma  8.4v  L5w  battery 29  50 

BP-4  Alkaline  battery  case,, 12.50 

BP-5*  450  mar  10.8v  2  3w  hi-power  battery.....  49.50 
*  BC-30  required  ro  charge  BP-2  St  BP-5 

FA-2  Extra  2m  flexible  antenna. 10  00 

CA-2  Telescoping  1/4-wave  2m  antenna 10.00 

CA-5  5/8-wave  telescoping  2m  antenna 18.95 

CA-3  Extra  220  flexible  antenna... 9.12 

CA-4  Extra  440  flexible  antenna... , 9.12 

CP-1  Cigarette  lighter  receptacle  chgr  for  BP-3  ....  9,50 

DC-1  OC  operation  module,.... 17  50 

HM-9  Speaker/microphone ,..,  34.50 

LC-2A  Leather  case  without  TTP  cutout.. 34.95 

LC-2AT  Leather  case  with  TTP  cutout , 34.95 

ML^l  2m  2.3/10w  KTamp.  (Reg.  $89j ..  SALE    79.95 
ML  25  2m  20w  HT  amp.  (Reg.  $199.50)    SALE  179.95 

3A-TTN  16-button  TTP  front  for  2A/3A/4A 39.50 

CommSpec  SS-32M  32  tone  encoder 29.95 

IC-IK12  12  Ch  Marine  hand-held  .....  SPECIAL  269.95 


Shortwave  receiver  Regular  SALE 

R-70  IQQKHz  3QMHz  digital  receiver ...  $749.00  599" 

'til  12/31/83  -  purchase  H-70  and  receive  certificate 
for  free  6C-4  World  Clock  ($99"  Value)  from  ICOM. 

38.00 

112.50 

159.00  144" 

48.50 

49.50 

9  95 

19.50 


EX-257  FM  unit 

IC-7072  Transceive  interface,  720A 

FL-44/A  SSB  filter  (2nd  IF) 

FL-63  250  Hz  CW  filter  (1st  IF)  ...... 

SP-3  External  speaker 

EX-299  (CK-70)   12V  option 

MB-12  Mobile  mount.. 


HOURS:  Mori,  thru  FrL  9-5:30;  Sat  9-3 

Milwaukee  WATS  line  L- 800- 558-0411  answered 
evenings  until  8:00  pm,  Monday  thru  Thursday. 

Please  use  WATS  line  for  Placing  Orders. 

For  other  information,  etc.  please  use  Regular  line. 


Order  Toll  Free:  1-800-558-0411 


In  Wisconsin  (outside  Milwaukee  Metro  Arms) 

1-800-242-51 95 


;Ii]     KiUJJt 


4828  W.  Fond  du  Lac  Avenue;  Milwaukee,  Wl  53216  -  Phone  (414)  442-4200 


inc. 


AES  BRANCH  STORES 


WICKLIFFE,  Ohio  44092 

23940  Euclid  Avenue 

Phone  (216)  585-7388 

Ohio  WATS  1-800  362-0290 

^o'de 1-800-321-3594 


ORLANDO,  Fla*  32803 

621  Commonwealth  Ave. 

Phone  (305)  394-3238 

Fla  WATS  1-800-432-9424 

Outside  i    ortrt  oil   iftr 


CLEARWATER,  Fla.  33575    LAS  VEGAS,  Nev.  89106 


1898  Drew  Street 

Phone  (813)461-4267 

No  (n-State  WATS 


S  1-800-327-1917       No  Nationwide  WATS       ggg 


1072  U.  Rancho  Drive 

Phone  (702)647-3114 

No  In-State  WATS 

SSililT  1-800-634-6227 


Associate  Store 

CHICAGO,  Illinois  60630 

ERICKS0N  COMMUNICATIONS 

5456  N.  Milwaukee  Avenue 

Phone  (312)  631-5181 

Sse  1-800-621-5802 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984    19 


Grenada  Log 

With  a  body-bag  rig  and  gas  from  a  bike,  a  ham 
hustled  home  the  news.  Here's  history  happening. 


Bob  Cunningham  K1KR 
PO  Box  214 
Fitzwiftiam  NH  03447 


Tim  Daniel  N8RK 
PO  Box  4S5 
Peterborough  NH  03458 


"A 


n  invasion  on  20  me- 
ters?" Those  were 
the  words  Steve  Mendolsohn 
WA2DHF  heard  with  disbe- 
lief when  he  answered  the 
telephone  at  a  little  after  six 
on  the  morning  of  Tuesday. 
October  25th,  1983,  Over 
2000  miles  away  on  the  is- 
land of  Grenada,  Mark  Bara- 
tella  KA20RK  had  been  up 
for  three  hours,  making  ham 
radio  history.  Operating 
from  his  second-floor  room 
at  the  Grand  Anse  campus 
of  Saint  George's  Medical 
School,  Mark  had  become 
an  essential  link  between 
the  island  and  the  rest  of  the 
free  world. 

This  was  how  and  where  it 
began:  The  social  and  politi- 
cal events  leading  up  to  the 
rescue  mission  on  Grenada 
are  well  known.  In  the  days 
prior  to  October  25th,  ham 
radio  played  an  important 
but  not  a  primary  role.  That 
all  changed,  however,  when 
Mark  was  summoned  by 
medical  school  administra- 
tors. With  phone  service 
nonexistent  the  telex  dead, 
and  the  extremely  unusual 

20     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


sound  of  aircraft  circling 
overhead,  Mark  swung  into 
action, 

His  ham  gear,  which  had 
been  dismantled  and  hidden 
after  the  days-old  coup,  was 
retrieved  from  its  hiding 
place  — a  body  bag  in  the 
school's  anatomy  lab.  Five 
minutes  later  KA20RK/J37 
was  calling  CQ  on  20  me- 
ters. No  response.  .  the 
band  was  dead  Thankful  for 
having  a  five-band  trap  di- 
pole,  Mark  made  a  quick 
change  to  40  meters.  Tuning 
across  the  quiet  band,  he 
happened  onto  an  early 
morning  QSO  between  an 
operator  in  Texas  and  a  K4 
in  Georgia. 

"Break  .  .  Emergency  .  .  . 
Break!"  Naturally,  the  re- 
action was  skeptical,  By 
now  Mark  was  hearing  anti- 
aircraft fire  in  the  distance. 
After  confusion  about  third- 
party  agreements  was  laid 
to  rest  and  rt  was  established 
that  this  was  a  true  emergen- 
cy—not a  late-night  boot- 
legger—the K4  telephoned 
Dr.  Steve  Lomazow  N2DRA, 
Mark's  QSL  manager- 


Due  to  the  conversations 
of  preceding  weeks,  Dr  Lo- 
mazow was  more  than 
aware  that  such  a  phone  call 
might  happen.  The  40-meter 
frequency,  however,  caught 
him  by  surprise.  Enlisting  the 
help  of  his  wife  and  son,  Dr. 
Lomazow  soon  had  a  dipoie 
connected  to  his  rig,  hastily 
set  up  near  the  dining  room 
phone. 

The  predawn  path  be- 
tween New  Jersey  and  Gre- 
nada was  a  good  one,  but  to 
ensure  top-quality  signals, 
Dr.  Lomazow  enlisted  the 
aid  of  KC2PK,  whose  direc- 
tional antenna  and  one- 
thousand-Watt  transmitter 
were  put  on  the  air.  There 
was  little  hesitation.  .  . 
KC2PK's  daughter  was  on 
the  island. 

Mark  told  Dr.  Lomazow 
that  there  were  rumors  of  an 
invasion  and  asked  him  if  he 
could  confirm  it.  N2DRA's 
phone  calls  to  CBS,  NBCr 
and  ABC  turned  up  nothing. 
(By  now  conditions  on  40 
meters  were  deteriorating. 
The  group  moved  to  20  me- 
ters where  they  set  up  shop 
on  14.250  MHz.)  However, 
tipped  off  to  the  fact  that 
something  was  happening  in 
the  Caribbean,  the  networks 
began  to  investigate. 


Enter  Steve  Mendolsohn 
WA2DHR  His  first  reaction 
to  the  awakening  phone  call 
from  his  office,  CBS  Net- 
work Operations,  was,  "Your 
average  invasion  does  not 
take  place  on  20  meters!" 
But  after  tuning  in  14.250, 
Steve  quickly  changed  his 
mind. 

During  KA20RK/J37's  trans- 
missions, listeners  now 
could  not  mistake  the  dis- 
tinct sound  of  small-arms 
fire  and  jet  aircraft.  Accord- 
ing to  Steve,  "It  was  begin- 
ning to  sound  like  there  was 
someone  who  was  not  just 
down  vacationing  for  a  DX 
contest!"  As  the  word  got 
out,  hams  who  were  close  to 
the  media  were  besieged 
with  phone  calls,  For  exam- 
ple, Steve  logged  46  such  in- 
quiries. 

As  it  grew  light  outside,  in 
Grenada,  one  of  Mark's  fel- 
low students  used  his  pre- 
vious  military  experience  to 
monitor  the  activity  around 
them.  From  this  rooftop 
crow's  nest,  he  began  to 
identify  the  ships  just  off  the 
beach  and  the  aircraft 
overhead  as  belonging  to 
the  USA.  Even  though  they 
were  in  imminent  danger, 
Mark  and  the  students  were 
fascinated  by  the  technical 


expertise  of  the  military  in 
action. 

To  augment  the  informa- 
tion that  they  were  receiving 
from  official  sources,  the 
press  desperately  wanted  to 
speak  with  someone  on  the 
island.  With  the  phone  and 
all  other  forms  of  communi- 
cations dead,  again,  the  only 
alternative  was  ham  radio 
Mark  was  inundated  with 
orvthe-air  requests  from  the 
international,  national,  and 
local  US  media  and  amateur 
operators  who  were  assist- 
ing the  media.  He  refused  all 
interviews,  going  so  far  as  to 
deny  Dan  Rather  any  com- 
ments, (After  Mark  returned 
home,  he  met  Mr.  Rather  and 
explained  the  situation  and 
how  ham  radio  functions.) 
What  Mark  did  was  to  re- 
port nothing  but  facts,  He 
told  only  of  events  that  he 
could  see  himself  or  were 
reported  to  him  firsthand 
from  spotters  on  the  roof 

Shortly  after  Mark  started 
operating  his  Swan  500,  the 
area  lost  commercial   pow- 


er—not an  unusual  event  on 
a  small  Caribbean  island  Pre- 
pared for  this,  the  school 
had  a  diesel-powered  gener- 
ator on  standby.  Risking 
nearby  gunfire,  a  few  stu- 
dents made  their  way  across 
campus  to  the  generator. 
They  fueled  itf  checked  the 
oil,  and  started  it  It  had  oil 
but  there  wasn't  any  in  re- 
serve and  it  was  running 
low.  It  ran  for  almost  18 
hours  before  freezing  up.  As 
a  last  resort,  they  had  a 
small  Honda  generator  of 
about  500  Watts  capacity. 
Mark  put  the  new  generator 
out  on  the  balcony  and 
started  it  up.  After  reducing 
his  power,  he  started  to 
transmit  Every  time  he 
keyed  the  mike,  the  under- 
powered generator  groaned. 
However,  it  did  the  job;  on- 
the-air  signal  reports  were 
unchanged  They  had  enough 
gasoline  to  operate  this 
power  supply  for  an  addi- 
tional 5  to  10  hours. 

It   was    actually    needed, 
however,    for   only   3    more 


hours,  At  that  time:  "Its 
Now!  Get  Down! .  .  .  Get 
Down  Now!"  Those  were 
the  words  one  of  Mark's 
friends  used  when  he  was  in- 
structed to  get  him  from  his 
second-floor  "shack."  The 
Rangers  were  there  and  it 
was  time  to  evacuate.  Mark 
pulled  the  plug  and  headed 
downstairs.  The  rescue  heli- 
copters were  arriving  at  the 
beach,  four  and  five  at  a 
time.  A  line  of  Rangers 
pushed  the  students  down 
the  beach  and  into  the 
awaiting  choppers.  Mark 
wished  that  he  still  had  his 
rig  operating,  as  mortar 
fire  was  coming  in  and  the 
helicopters  were  firing  their 
cannons  back  to  protect  the 
students.  Over  200  people 
were  evacuated  in  about  1 5 
minutes. 

After  a  short  flight  to  the 
recently-secured  airport,  the 
group  had  a  few  hours  to 
collect  their  thoughts  before 
being  flown  by  jet  to  Barba- 
dos. On  Barbados,  Mark  was 
able  to  phone  home.  After 


reassuring  his  family,  top- 
most on  his  mind  was  letting 
the  amateur-radio  fraternity 
know  that  they  were  all  safe. 
Another  quick  plane  ride  to 
South  Carolina,  and  the 
ordeal  was  over. 

Mark's  overall  impression 
of  the  entire  operation  was 
reassuring.  Amateur  radio 
proved  itself  again.  Yes, 
there  was  malicious  interfer- 
ence. There  was  also  inter- 
ference which  was  the  result 
of  some  well-intentioned  but 
nonetheless  frivolous  trans- 
missions. 

Licensed  since  his  late 
teens,  Mark  epitomized  the 
important  role  that  young 
people  can  play  in  amateur 
radio.  For  KA20RK/J37, 
WA2DHF,  N2DRA,  KC2PK, 
and  countless  others,  the 
day  20  meters  was  invaded 
will  not  be  forgotten  soon. 

The  authors  would  like  to 
thank  WA6ITF,  N2WS, 
WA2DHF,  N2DRA,  and  last 
but  not  least  KA20RK  for 
help  in  researching  this 
story.  ■ 


AMATEUR  TELEVISION 


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Jt>oyy  delivered 
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external  13.8  vda  Do  parades,  Marathons,  etc. 

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FCC  &  NASA  OKs  SHUTTLE  VIDEO 

Want  a  chance  at  seeing  W5LFL  live  as  he  works  2  meters? 

Its  been  great  hearing  the  audio  on  the  various  repeaters,  but 
now,  if  you  hold  a  technician  class  or  higher  license,  and  have  a 
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2  meter  simplex.  Local  area  hams  can  receive  with  just  one  of  our 
70  CM  downconverters  and  an  antenna. 

ATV  70  cm  DOWNCONVERTERS 

For  those  who  want  to  see  the  repeated  shuttle  video,  and  other 
ATV  action  before  they  commit  to  a  complete  station,  theTVC-4  is 
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cabinet  with  AC  supply  ready  to  go.  Tunes  420  to  450  mHz.  Just 
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delivered 
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CALL  OR  WRITE  FOR  OUR  CATALOG  Or  more  Information  on 
ATV  antennas,  transmit  modules,  cam  ems.  and  much,  much  more. 
See  chapter  14  pg  30-32  1983  ARRL  Handbook 

TERMS;  Visa.  Mastercard  or  cash  only  UPS  CODs  by  telephone  or  mail 
Postal  money  orders  and  telephone  orders  usually  shipped  within  2  days.  All 
other  checks  must  clear  before  shipment  Transm ittmg  equipment  soki  only 
to  licensed  amateurs. 


{21  3)  447-4565  m-f  8am-6pm  pst. 

P.C.  ELECTRONICS 

Tom  W60RG      Maryann  WB6VSS 


2522  Paxson  Lane 
Arcadia  CA  91006 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984    21 


Instant  Pane  Relief 

This  is  the  only  notch  filter  for  windows  we've  ever  seen. 
If  you  can  figure  it  out,  youll  beat  the  feedline  flu. 


Gary  L  Eldridge  KC8UD 
3219  Mirimar  Street 
Kettering  OH  4  ^409 


Qiftt*  60Aft&< 


Feeding  any  number  of 
coax  cables  through  a 
window  from  the  ham 
shack  to  the  antenna  farm 


1HNER   BCARD 


is  sometimes  a  problem 
when  the  window  has  to  be 
kept  open  a  slight  amount 
to  allow  clearance  for 
them.    Not  only   does   rain 


£         ^r  Wholes 

GRILLED 
THRGUSM 
BOTH  BG&flDS 


SLOTS  CUT  III 
OPP-0SITC  OJflECTIOHS 


Fig.  1. 


Fig.  2. 


Fig.  3. 


blow  in  at  times,  but  during 
the  winter  a  tremendous 
amount  of  heat  can  be  lost 
through  such  gaping  gaps  — 
not  to  mention  insect  inva- 
sions in  the  summer. 

Some  have  taken  it  so  far 
as  to  make  a  permanent  in- 
stallation, such  as  drilling 
holes  in  the  side  of  the 
house,  running  the  cables 
out  snd  then  filling  the 
holes  with  a  weather-resis- 
tive material.  That's  good 
for  home  owners  only. 

An  easier  and  much  fess 


22 


Tools  needed,  and  finished  hoards. 
73  Magazine  *  January.  19S4 


Inserting  connector  through  outer  board. 


£\ 


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73  Magazine  •  January*  1984     23 


Guiding  lines  through  inner  board. 


defacing  method  is  to  cut  a 
board  the  same  width  as  the 
window  and  close  the  win- 
dow as  far  as  possible  down 
onto  the  board  to  make  a 
tight  fit.  When  a  cable 
needs  to  reach  outside  the 
shack,  a  hole  is  simply 
drilled  in  the  board  and  the 
cable  is  brought  through. 

With  this  method,  I  have 
found  that  at  most  every 
time  I  want  to  run  a  cable 
out  the  window  the  cable  I 
have  chosen  to  use  incon- 
veniently has  connectors 
on  both  ends,  Since  a  tight 
fit  and  a  good  seal  requires 
that  the  hole  in  the  board 
should  be  only  large  enough 
for  the  cable  itself,  that 
means  that  the  connector 
has  to  be  cut  off  before  the 
cable  can  be  inserted  into 
the  hole  or  removed  from  it. 

However,  by  looking  at 
the  illustrations  you  should 
have  no  trouble  in  under- 
standing the  method  I  have 
found   which    facilitates    a 


weather-tight  seal  and  easy 
insertion  or  removal  of  any 
size  cable  without  having  to 
remove  the  connectors. 

The  method  employs  two 
boards  cut  to  the  width  of 
the  window  The  boards  are 
sandwiched  together  and 
the  window  is  closed  down 
onto  the  boards  Each  time 
a  new  feedline  must  be 
brought  through,  just  drill  a 
hole  in  the  center  of  the  two 
boards  and  cut  slots  from 
the  holes  to  one  edge  of 
each  board.  The  slots  are 
cut  in  opposite  directions  in 
the  two  boards  so  that  the 
board  which  faces  the  out- 
side has  its  slot  going  down 
and  the  board  facing  inside 
has  its  slots  going  up. 

The  slots  in  the  outside 
board  should  be  cut  in  a 
wedge  shape  so  that  when 
the  inside  board  is  moved 
out  of  the  way,  the  con  nee* 
tors  on  the  cables  can  pass 
through  the  wider  end  of  the 
slots    without    having    to 


Lines  in;  window  weather  proofed. 


remove  the  outer  board  at 
all  This  way  you  can  seal 
the  outer  board  by  caulking 
it  or  using  duct  tape  and 
thus  the  board  never  has  to 
be  removed.  This  requires 
several  holes  and  slots  to  be 
pre-cut  in  the  outer  board 
before  it  is  fixed  in  place. 

When  any  cable  is  re- 
moved, the  small  hole  that  is 
left  behind  can  be  filled  eas- 


ily with  a  small  dab  of  putty, 
a  piece  of  wood  dowel,  or 
cloth. 

This  method  works  well 
not  only  for  coaxial  feed- 
lines  but  for  twin-line  as  well 
since  the  wood  helps  keep 
the  twin-line  away  from  any 
metal  window  framing 
which  might  have  some  ef- 
fect on  the  impedance  of 
the  feedline.  ■ 


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24    73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


MICROWAVE  COMPONENTS 


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MICROLOG 


MICROLOG 


HC 


m. 


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Connect  your 
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gling extras  to  put  your  computer  on  CW  &  RTTY. 
And  what  a  program!  The  famous  Mierolog  CW  de- 
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"SOFTWARE'1  in  onboard  ROM  has:  split  screen, 
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and  optional  4  mode  AMTOR  operation  covers  all  the 
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MICROLOG 


•^51 


INNOVATORS  IN  DIGITAL  COMMUNICATION 


In  selecting  an  antenna,  choose  the  longest  one  that  will  f ft 
your  property  ft  will  cost  less  and  have  wider  bandwidth s  All 
Barfcee  &  Williamson  dipaies  ore  made  from  fugged  #ld 
stranded  copperweld  wire  for  strength  and  conductivity,  Unless 
otherwise  noted,  all  antennas  will  handle  the  legal  power  limit. 
Tlrese  dipofes  may  be  installed  as  inverted  *V's"  or  horizontally. 
The  tunable  trap  antennas  are  adjusted  to  any  part  of  a  band 
by  sliding  a  tuning  wfcre  on  the  trap, 


Model  AS-80 

for  80,  40,  15,  10  M 


Only  58  ft.  long 
Low  SWR 


TUNA&E  TOAPS  FOR  15-  10  M 

TUNABLE  TRAP  FOR  40  M  ^ 
END  INSULATOR 


UNGTH     BANDS 


110  ft 


120  ft 


110  ft 


90  ft 


58  ft 


55  ft 


36  ft 


22  ft 


47  ft 
33  ft 


160- 
10  m 


80.40. 

20.15. 
10  m 


80.40, 
15. 

10  m 


ocscmpnoN 


Continuous  coverage  antenna, 
SWR  less  than  2  from  1.6  to  30 
MHz  with  no  adjustments  to 
antenna.   1 .5  KW  PEP  on  SSB,  CW. 
500  W  input  on  AM.  RTTY 


MODEL      PRICE 


AC 
1 .8-30 


Low  SWR  on  all  bands, 
1 .5  KW  PEP  on  SSS.  C  W; 
500  W  input  on  AM.  RTTY 


Resonant  with  low  SWP  on  flO 
and  40,  somewhat  higher  SWR 
on  20.  15.  and  10 


80.  40. 

15. 

10  m 


40,  15. 
10  m 


20.  15. 
10  m 


30  ft      160  m 


30  m 
20  m 


Tunable  trap  antennq  with  low 
SWR  on  oil  bands.  |J5  KW  PEP 
on  SSB,  CW;  500  W  input  AM, 
RTTY. 


Tunable  trap  antenna  with  low 
SWR  on  aH  bonds.  500  W  input 
all  modes 


AS160  S  8950 


370-11   S   72  50 


Resonant  with  low  SWR  on  40, 
20,  somewhat  higher  SWR  on 
15  and  10. 


Tunable  trap  antenna  with  tow 
SWR  on  all  bands.  15KWPEP 
on  SSB,  CW;  500  W  input  on  AM. 
RTTY 


Tunable  trap  antenna  with  low 
SWR  on  ail  bands.  1  5  KW  PEP 
on  SSB,  CW;  500  W  input  on  AM, 

RTTY 


S149.50 


ATB0    S  79,50 


AS-30    $  99  50 


370-13  5  65.00 


AS-dO    S  7550 


A5^20    $   7550 


Add-on  kit  to  convert  an  80  m 
dipole  to  160  m  Loading  cotis  and 
wife  odd  only  15  ft.  to  each  end 
of  your  antenna  (Not  for  AS-60) 


Add-on  kits  to  pfovkJe  30  m  or 
20  m  coverage  to  a  dipole 
antenna  Consists  of  a  parol  iel 
dipote  and  spacers. 


AK~30 
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S  19.75 
$  19.75 


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26     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


Without  doubt  LR-1  is  the  repeater  value  leader!  Compare  its 
outstanding  performance  with  any  repeater  ~  then  look  at 
its  price,  LR-1  features  include  individual  die-cast  shielding 
of  receiver  and  transmitter  plus  a  separately  shielded 
6-stage  receiver   prefflter   for   peak   performance   in 
harsh  RF  environments   •    Front  panel  metering 
all  vital  functions  •  CW  identifier   •    Symmetri 
hard  limiting  for  clean  natural  audio    •    Low 
power  MOS  control    logic      •      Even    the 
cabinet  is  included  —  just  plug  in  and  go! 


LINKING?  The  LR-1  is  also  available  with 
control  circuitry  for  Link  Transceiver 
operation.  Now  link  repeater  sites  with  the 
Flexible  control  capability  you've  always 
wanted. 


HIGH  POWER?  Our  PA-75  power  amplifier  is  the 
champion!  Ruggedly  built  to  give  years  of  dependable 
operation  in  continuous  duty  repeater  service. 


Mark  3C  repeaters  and  controllers  have  no 
equal   in  performance.  Both   units  feature 
auto  patch,  reverse  autopatch,  autodial.  1  3 
Morse  messages  and  a  total   of   39  func- 
tions.  Both    feature    microprocessor    control 
and  both  have  been  proven  in  the  field  from  icy 
Alaska  to  tropical  Brazil.  A  Mark  3C  supercontroller 
can  make  any  repeater  a  super  performer.  The  Mark 
3CR  repeater  is  in  a  class  by  itself.  It  combines  superbly 
designed    RF   circuitry   in   one    handsome    package.    It    is 
without  doubt  the  world's  most  advanced  repeater! 


CALL  OR  WRITE  FOR  FULL  DETAILS 

MICRO  CONTROL  SPECIALTIES 

23  Elm  Park    •    Groveland,  Massachusetts  0  1834    •    Telephone  (6  I  7)  372-3442 


See  i*st  0f  Adve* Users  on  page  114 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     27 


Cart  A,  KolImKitML 
120 J  Gem  in  t  Street 

Vanticoke PA  fstu 


Sound  Off! 


Here's  the  perfect  S-meter  add-on  for  the  repeater  that 
has  everything.  The  higher  the  beep,  the  better  the  signal. 


Think  you've  seen  every 
kind  of  attachment  to  a 
repeater  that  theiv  is'  How 
about  this  one  — an  audible 
S-meter?  If  you're  wonder- 
ing about  why  in  the  world 
you  would  need  an  audible 
S  meter  on  your  repeater, 
think  about  all  the  times 
that  you  wanted  to  compare 
rigs,  optimize  antenna  direc- 
tion or  location,  or  just 
know  how  well  vmi  weir 
making  the  repeater  from  a 
particular  mobile  Location. 
If  your  luck  was  like  mine, 
you  found  that  no  one  was 
around  at  that  time,  or,   it 


they  were,  they  couldn't 
stay  while  you  fiddled 
around  with  your  rotator  or 
carried  the  antenna  back 
and  forth  across  the  roof  a 
bunch  of  times,  And  even  if 
they  did  stick  around,  didn't 
you  ever  wonder  how  the\ 
could  determine  by  ear 
whether  you  were  70%  or 
80%  full  quieting? 

Well,  this  little  circuit  will 
solve  all  those  problems  for 
you.  Now  you  can  make  any 
of  those  tests  all  by  yourself 
and  know  for  sure  whether 
that  last  change  you  made 
helped  or  hurt  you  even  if 


Photo  by  Mike  Banish  K3SAE 


I  >  #  i  #   i    ■   * 

■   ■ 

■    ■■ 

M       ft     * 

■  ft  ■  «  -i  ■  m 


Circuit  board. 
28     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


no  one's  around  Generally, 
what  it  does  is  sample  the 
first  limiter  voltage,  amplify 

it,  and  feed  it  to  a  voltage- 
controlled  oscillator  which 
returns  a  beep  proportional 
to  your  signal  strength  The 
higher  the  beep,  the  stronger 
you  are  (up  to  full  quieting) 
I've  got  mine  on  WR3AGU 
1 47.81  /,21  at  Mehoopany, 
Pennsylvania,  and  its  been 
working  great  for  about  a 
year  It's  set  up  to  give  a 
continuously  variable  tone 
beep  between  2  uV  and  1  0 
uV  The  tone  frequenc\ 
range  is  800  Hz  for  2  uV  and 
about  2800  Hi  for  1.0  uV. 

All  the  other  junk  you  see 
in  the  schematic  diagram 
does  things  like  delay  the 
beep  to  give  your  receiver 
time  to  recover  after  trans 
mil,  set  up  a  sample-and- 
hold  circuit  to  hold  the  limit- 
er  voltage  momentarily 
when  you  let  up  on  the 
mike,  and  discharge  that 
voltage  after  the  beep  is  out- 
put, etc  More  on  that  later 
in  the  circuit  description. 
Depending  on  where  you 
hook  it  up  on  your  repeater, 
it  can  serve  a  dual  purpose 
of  indicating  timer  reset  and 
signal  strength 

The  circuit  isn't  very  com- 
plex and  it  shouldn't  be  hard 


for  anyone  with  the  time 
and  initiative  to  design  a  PC 
board  tnr  it 

Circuit  Description 

IC1  is  a  dual  op  amp  with 
a  very  high  input  imped- 
ance This  is  necessary  so  as 
to  not  load  down  the  nr>t 
limiter  stage  to  which  it  will 
be  connected.  The  gain  of 
the  stage  is  variable  and  is 
adjusted  by  the  1-meg-dc 
amp  gam  control.  Mor^ 
about  this  adjustment  later 
The  output  of  this  IC  is  fed 
through  D1  to  the  second 
half  of  ICI.  D1  ensures  that 
I  he  2,2-uF  tantalum  capaci- 
tor is  not  disc  barged  when 
the  output  of  ICI  a  goes  low- 
er than  the  voltage  on  the 
2.2-uF  c  apacitor 

These  components  form  a 

sample-and-hold  circuit 
which  holds  the  voltage  de- 
veloped by  ICI  a  for  a  short 
time  when  the  input  signal 
disappears  ICI  b  serves  as  a 
voltage  follower  impedance 
transformer  Its  high  input 
impedance  does  not  load 
down  the  2.2-uF  capacitor 
and  its  relatively  low  output 
impedance  feeds  the 
MC4024  vco  The  MC4024  is 
a  voltage-controlled  oscilla- 
tor The  audio  output  fre- 
quency of  this  chip  is  deter- 


'ROM  RPTR 
ICVR  FfftST 
LlUlTEft 


FROM 

RPTH 
SQUELCH 


R15 

2  ?  K 


TO 
->  REPEATER 

AUDJO 


*5V 


RIG 

3  3* 


fll7 


COR 
f+5V  ON  RCVJ 


3  3K 


PZ 


K 


* 1 

m 


ice 

' LM3046 


+  \V* 


t 


■■77 


CU 
100  pF 


/ft 


5V   REGULATOR 


— • 


-C12 

1? 

_  1 

>v 

TO  ALU 
POINTS 


03 

M4001 


04  a\T 

■H4Q0I  L 

-* W — t — ■*** — t 

■■'0*        TiomF       ^  Sltf 

ZENER 

/h  th  fh 


TO  4LL 
POINTS 


fig.  /   Schematic. 


mined  by  the  voltage  at  its 
input  With  the  values 
shown,  output  frequencies 
between  800  and  2800  Hz 
will  be  generated  when  pin  5 
is  high 

The  repeater  COR  is  con- 
nected to  the  anode  of  D2. 
The  COR  must  go  above  2,0 
volts  on  receive  and  remain 
below  1.0  volt  when  idle. 
The  standard  0-volt  low  and 
5.0-volt  high  is  ideal  When  a 
signal  is  received,  IC2{set  up 
as  a  retriggerable  monosta- 
bfe)  is  reset  and  its  output 
is  held  high  while  a  trans- 
mission is  being  received. 
When  the  received  carrier 
disappears,  IC2  then  times 
out  (how  much  later  is  deter- 
mined by  the  1-meg  pot  and 
the  1-uF  capacitor)  and  out- 
put pin  3  goes  low.  This  de- 
lay is  to  ensure  that  you 
release  your  mike  button. 
Instead  of  an  immediate  re- 
turn beep,  a  delay  is  intro- 
duced which  allows  time  for 
receiver  recovery. 

When  IC2  goes  low,  it  trig- 


gers IC3  which  is  set  up  as  a 
monostable  When  pm  3  of 
IC3  goes  hi^h,  it  biases  on 
the  It  section  of  the  LM3046 
transistor  array,  bringing  pin 
5  of  the  MC4024  vco  low  for 
a  finite  time  allowing  it  to 
output  a  beep.  After  IC3 
times  out,  its  output  pin  3 
goes  low,  shutting  off  the 
vco  and  triggering  IC4, 
When  IC4  is  triggered,  its  pin 
3  goes  high  and  biases  on 
the  A  section  of  the  transis- 
tor array.  This  discharges  the 
2.2-uF  tantalum  and  readies 
it  for  receipt  and  storage  of 
the  next  voltage  level. 

The  other  three  sections 
of  the  LM3046  transistor  ar- 
ray are  used,  together  with 
their  respective  LEDs,  as  log- 
ic monitors  to  indicate  the 
status  of  the  three  timers. 
All  five  sections  may.  of 
course,  be  replaced  by  five 
discrete  transistor  devices  if 
you  wish. 

The  fourth  555  is  used  in 
the  astable  mode  to  convert 
+  12  volts  dc  to  a  low-cur- 


rent —  5-volt  supply  needed 
for  the  proper  operation  of 

IC1.  The  7805  is  a  thrfee-ter- 
minal  device  used  to  regu- 
late the  +12  volts  supplied 
to  +  5  volts  needed  for  IC1 
and  other  portions  of  this 
circuit 

Adjustment 

There  are  only  three  ad- 
justments to  be  concerned 
with.  The  one-meg  pot  asso- 
ciated with  IC2  is  adjusted 
to  provide  the  amount  of  de- 
lay you  would  like  after  the 
carrier  disappears  before 
the  beep  is  heard  The  prop- 
er amount  of  time  is  what 
sounds  best  to  you.  Adjust- 
ment is  best  done  while  in 
actual  operation. 

The  one-meg-dc  amp  gain 
associated  with  Ida  takes  a 
bit  more  to  adjust.  If  you 
have  access  to  a  Cushman 
or  other  service  monitor 
with  a  calibrated  output, 
things  are  much  easier. 

With  a  service  monitor;  (1 ) 
Remove  the  LM3046  from 


its  socket  (you  did  use  a 
socket,  didn't  you?}-  Short 
pins  5  and  3  of  the  socket 
with  a  thin  jumper  wire  to 
perm ii nen t I  y  e n a b I e  the 
MC4024.  [2)  Disconnect  one 
end  of  the  2.2-uF  capacitor, 
(3)  Set  the  dc  amp  gain  to 
minimum  resistance  (4)  Key 
up  the  repeater  and  adjust 
the  20k -level  pot  in  the  out- 
put of  the  vco  to  about 
3  kHz  deviation.  (5}  Apply  a 
signal  to  the  receiver  which 
is  just  enough  to  break 
squelch.  Adjust  the  dc  amp 
gain  slowly  until  a  slight  rise 
in  tone  pitch  is  noticed  This 
causes  IC1  a  to  output  the  dc 
level  at  this  point  which  is 
needed  to  begin  controlling 
the  vco.  Any  larger  sigriril 
will  be  further  amplified  and 
applied  through  ICtb  to  the 
vco,  resulting  in  a  higher 
tone  from  the  vco.  The 
stronger  the  signal,  the  high- 
er pitched  the  tone. 

Without  a  service  moni- 
tor: (1 )  Perform  steps  1 ,  2,  3, 
and  4  above,  (2)  Have  some- 

73  Magazine  ■  January,  1984     29 


one  with  a  very  weak  signal 
transmit,  Adjust  the  dc  amp 
gain  as  described  in  step  ^ 
above 

The  Input  Stage 

tCla's  input  is  connected 
to  your  repeater's  first  I im it- 


er stage.  The  voltage  at  this 
point  will  most  probably  In- 
crease with  an  increase  in 
signal  strength  in  this  case, 
the  non4nverting  stage  con- 
figuration is  used  It  it  is  nec- 
essary to  connect  to  a  point 
in  your  first   limiter  where 


the  voltage  decreases  with 
increasing  signal,  then  use 
the  inverting  configuration 
shown 

The  audible  S-meter  has 
proven  to  be  a  worthwhile 
addition  to  the  8121  repeat- 
er (VVR3ACU)  and  I'm  sure 


you'll  find  it  a  useful  and 
novel  feature  on  your 
repeater 

I'll  be  happy  to  answer 
any  questions  regarding  this 
circuit  Please  include  a 
stamped  self  -addressed 
envelope.  ■ 


Parts  List 


Resistors  (all  Vz  or  V*  Watt  unless  stated  otherwise) 

R1,R2(  R3,  R4,  R11.R19 

100k 

R5,  R6,  R27                 part  #  TR1 1-1  meg  $.39 

1  meg  pot 

R7,  R10p  R28 

1.0k 

R8 

4  J  meg 

R9,  R12,  R13.R25,  R26, 

R30 

10k 

R14                             part#TR-11-20k$,39 

20k  pot 

R15 

22k 

R16,  R17 

3,3k 

Rt8 

1  meg 

R2QT  R21 ,  R22 

120 

R23,  R24 

47k 

R29 

33k 

R31 

510 

Capacitors  (all  capacitors  at  least  12  volts  do) 

01                                part  #TM2  2/35       $.51               2.2 

uF  tantalum 

CZC4                        part  #  MY.  22/ 100    5,33 

22  uF 

C3.  C10                       part#A1/16            $.17 

1.0  uF 

C5,  C9,  C13,  C14        part  #DC,01/50       $.08 

.01uF 

C6,  C7                         part  #  DC.001/50     108 

.001  uF 

C8                               part#DC.1/12        $.12 

.1  yF 

C11.C15 
C12tC16 

Diodes 

D1 ,  D2,  D3,  D4 
D5 

Integrated  Circuits 

IC1 

IC2,  IC3,  IC4,  IC5 

IC6 

IC7 

IC8 

Transistors 

Q1,Q2 

LEDs 
L1,  L2,  L3 


part  #  A 100/16        $.24 
part  #  A 10/ 16  $.17 

part#1N4001   12/$  1.00 
part#lN4733    4/$1.00 

part#LF353N  $1.00 

part#NE555V  $.39 

part  #  MC4024P  $3.95 

part  #  LM340T5  $1.25 

part  #  LM3Q46N  $1.30 

part#2N3392    4/S1.00 


part#XC209R    5&1.00 


100uF 

10  uF 


1N4001  or  equiv. 
5.1  V  zener 


LF353 

555 

MC4024 

7805  regulator 

transistor  array 


general  purpose 
NPN  type 


general 
purpose  LEDs 


All  parts  available  from  Jameco  Electronics 

1355  Shoreway  Rd. 
Belmont  CA  94002 


Plan  Now  To  Attend  The  Most  "OUT  OF  THIS  WORLD 
Event  In  The  History  Of  Ham  Radio! 


COME  TO  THE  ARRL 1904  NATIONAL  CONVENTION  IN  NEW 
YORK,  the  worlds  greatest  city,  at  the  New  York  Statler  July  20-22. 
Along  with  the  conventions  fantastic  parlies,  technical  and  operating 
seminars.  League  committee  meetings,  banquet,  OX  gatherings  and 
manufacturers1  displays,  you  and  your  family  can  enjoy  all  there  is  to 
do  in  New  York,  the  cultural  capital  of  the  world! 

FOR  A  TRULY  "OUT  OF  THIS  WORLD"  EXPERIENCE  we'll  be 

celebrating  both  the  15th  Anniversary  of  man's  first  moon  landing 
AND  the  first  off-world  amateur  radio  operation  during  the  STS-9 
Spacelab-1  mission,  Our  special  guest  will  be  astronaut  DR.  OWEN 
G  ARRIOTT,  W5LFL,  first  ham  to  operate  from  space?  You  can  meet 
W5LFL  in  person,  at  the  Moon  Landing  Anniversary  Party  on  Friday 
evening.  July  20th.  AND  hear  him  speak  at  the  Banquet  on  Saturday 
evening,  July  21st. 

IMAGINE, THE  MOST  IMPORTANT  ARRL  NATIONAL  EVER 
HELD,.. AND  YOU  CAN  BE  THERE!  Register  now  to  assure  your 
room  and  banquet  reservations.  For  detailed  information  and 
registration  forms,  SASEto  Mike  Troy,  AJ1J,  R.R,  4 -Box  19Ct 
Pound  Ridge,  NY  10576. 


^^ 


HARC 


30     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


9u  pr&paren 


by  WB2GMK  Advertising 


ALL  ITEMS  ARE 
GUARANTEED   OR   SALES 
PRICE  REFUNDED, 

PRICES  F.O.B. 
HOUSTON 

PRICES  SUBJECT  TO 
CHANGE  WITHOUT 
NOTICE 

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PRIOR  SALE. 


I 


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with  HAM7EXT 199.95 

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HF 
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Accessories  available. 
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Some  Alarming  Techniques 

These  burglar-proof  circuits  will  stump  second-story  men 
and  amaze  possible  thieves— as  well  as  you. 


The  most  cost-effective 
_.  way  to  protect  life  and 
property  against  fire,  theft, 
and  vandalism  is  with  an 
electronic  alarm  system 
Wayne  Green  has  been  tell- 
ing us  for  years  of  the  mar- 
ket potential  for  amateur 
radio  operators  in  the  alarm 
business.  Having  once  been 
in  the  alarm  business,  I 
agree  with   Wayne   and    in 


this  article  I  will  share  the 
common  circuit  techniques 
and  a  schematic  for  a  simple 
but  sophisticated  residential 
alarm  control  panel. 

Closed  Loop  or  Open  Loop? 

For  an  alarm  to  be  reli- 
able, its  operation  must  not 
be  defeated  by  a  loose  con* 
nection  or  broken  wire  in  the 
system.    Most    intrusion 


i 


BELL 


NORMALLY   CLOSED   LOOF* 


AUHM  CONTROL  PANEL 


Fig,  t  Schematic  of  a  simple  closed-hop  alarm  using  a  relay, 
battery,  and  bell  The  closed  loop  is  self4esting  because  the 
loop  must  be  made  up  before  the  alarm  is  turned  on. 


CURRENT   LiMiTIKG  LAMP 


i} — S-s^^r—^sr^^^ 


HORMALLT  OPEN  LtHN* 


BELL 


TROUBLE 


ALARM 


Fig.  2  Open-loop  two-wire  system,  using  end<jf-line  diode, 
relays,  and  ac  power  supply.  These  are  used  in  fire-alarm 
systems, 

32     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


alarms  use  a  closed  loop— a 
continuous  loop  of  wire 
with  normally -closed 
switches  wired  in  series. 
When  one  of  the  switches  is 
open  or  the  metallic  tape  on 
a  protected  window  is 
broken,  the  alarm  panel  re- 
sponds to  an  open  circuit  on 
its  input  terminals.  This  type 
of  loop  is  self-testing;  there 
is  only  one  way  to  make  up 
the  loop,  this  being  with  all 
switches  closed  and  wires 
connected.  Fig  1  illustrates 
an  example  of  a  simple 
alarm  control  panel  circuit 
for  closed-loop  operation. 

An  open  loop  consists  of 
a  chain  of  normally-open 
switches  wired  in  parallel. 
Some  technique  for  testing 


the  integrity  must  be  provid- 
ed, since  a  break  in  the  nor- 
mallyopen  loop  would  ren- 
der part  of  the  loop  in- 
operative 

Fig.  2  illustrates  the  use  of 
an  endof -line  diode  to  mon- 
itor a  normally-open  loop  In 
this  circuit  an  ac  signal  is  im- 
pressed on  the  control-panel 
end  of  the  loop  During  one 
half  of  the  cycle  the  end-of- 
line  diode  conducts,  supply- 
ing current  to  the  trouble 
relay  Should  one  of  the 
switches  close,  the  alarm 
relay  would  drop  out.  set- 
ting off  the  alarm  circuit 
Should  the  loop  open  or  ac 
power  fail,  the  trouble  relay 
will  drop  out,  alerting  the 
operator  to  trouble  on  the 


CURRENT  LIMITING  LAMP 


Fig,  .?.  Typical  four-wire  open-loop  alarm  circuit  using  alarm 
relay.  These  are  also  used  in  commercial  Hre-alarm  systems. 


line.  There  are  other  endof- 
line  techniques  for  detect- 
ing open-loop  trouble;  each 
has  some  problem  and  is 
considered  not  as  good  as  a 
four-wire  loop. 

The  Four-Wire  Loop 

A  four-wire  loop  is  shown 
in  Frg.  3.  This  circuit  uses 
two  relays  to  sense  the  in- 
tegrity of  the  loop.  If  either 
relay  drops  out,  a  trouble 
alarm  is  sounded.  If  the 
open  loop  is  shorted,  both 
relays  drop  out,  as  does  the 
alarm  relay. 

This  four-wire  circuit  uses 
a  single  dc  power  supply 
and  may  be  supplied  by  a 
backup  battery  in  case  of  ac 
power  failure.  It  should  be 
noted  that  in  case  of  relay  or 
power  failure,  this  circuit 
will  fail  in  the  trouble  or 
alarm  mode.  The  normally- 
open  switches  used  in  this 
type  of  alarm  have  four  sets 
of  screws  for  the  incoming 
and  outgoing  pairs  to  ensure 
that  a  switch  does  not  get 
left  out  of  the  loop  because 
of  a  poor  connection.  The 
open  loop  is  normally  used 
for  fire-alarm  systems  which 
are  left  on  continuously. 

Entry  and  Exit 

An  intrusion  alarm  is  usu- 
ally turned  off  for  part  of  the 
day  and  activated  for  part  of 
the  day;  The  operator  must 
be  able  to  turn  the  alarm 
system  on  and  off  without 
causing  an  alarm.  There  are 
two  techniques  for  this:  a 
high-security  key  switch 
mounted  outside  the  pro- 
tected perimeter  and  the 
time-delay  system. 

The  high-security  key- 
switch  technique  uses  a  key- 
switch  with  a  cylindrical 
tumbler  to  bypass  part  of 
the  closed  loop,  as  shown  in 
Fig.  4  To  arm  the  alarm  sys- 
tem, the  operator  first 
checks  the  integrity  of  the 
loop  at  the  control  panel 
and  turns  on  the  alarm.  The 
operator  then  exits  through 
the  doors  and  areas  by- 
passed by  the  outside  key- 
switch.  After  securing  the 
exit  door,  the  high-security 
keyswitch  is  opened,  putting 


the  bypassed  switches  back 
in  the  loop.  To  enter  the  pro- 
tected perimeter  these  steps 
are  reversed;  first  the  out- 
side switch  is  closed,  then 
the  operator  proceeds  to  the 
alarm  panel  and  turns  the 
alarm  off. 

Entry  and  exit  delays  may 
be  used  in  low-security  sys- 
tems where  the  intruder 
would  not  expect  to  find  an 
alarm  system,  such  as  in  a 
residence.  When  the  system 
is  turned  on,  the  operator 
has  a  preset  exit  delay  peri- 
od before  the  alarm  system 
is  armed  This  period  is  nor- 
mally adjustable  from  a  few 
seconds  to  a  couple  of  min- 
utes. This  gives  the  operator 
time  to  set  the  alarm  and  ex- 
it the  perimeter  without  set- 
ting off  the  alarm. 

Another  delay  must  be 
provided  for  entry.  Here  the 
operator  may  break  the  pro- 
tected perimeter  and  still  be 
given  time  to  go  to  the 
alarm-system  panel  and  turn 
it  off  before  the  alarm 
sounds.  Obviously,  the  in- 
truder may  be  given  the 
same  opportunity  to  find 
and  silence  the  alarm  before 
it  sounds.  Fig.  5  gives  us  a 
schematic  for  an  alarm  cir- 
cuit which  provides  for  en- 
try and  exit  delay. 

The  entry  and  exit  delays 


OTHER   SWITCHES 
-fi_i_it- 


HfGN   |! 
SECURITY 
KEY   SWITCH 


ALARM 

CONTROL 

PANEL 


ENTRY/EXET 
DOOR    SWITCHES 


Fig.  4>  Example  of  how  a  high-security  keyswitch  is  used  to 
bypass  entry/exit  doors.  This  type  of  circuit  is  used  on  com- 
mercial intrusion  alarms. 


are  fixed  by  the  choice  of 
timing  capacitors  CI  and  C2 
and  resistors  R10  and  R11 
connected  to  IC3;  with  1 
megohm  and  10  ptF  respec- 
tively, the  delay  is  about 
14  seconds.  This  is  about 
the  minimum  practical  de- 
lay time.  .L 
Half  sections  of  IC2  are 


connected  as  R-S  latches  to 
hold  information  about  the 
system  status.  System  status 
and  loop  integrity  are  indi- 
cated by  LtDs.  Also  includ- 
ed is  a  power  supply  tor  the 
system  with  battery  backup. 
Normally  the  batteries  are 
dry  cells  which  are  tested 
and  replaced  periodically. 


Parts  Lrst 


R1-R6 

2.2kQ,  M-Watt 

R7-R9 

330Q,    V*-Watt 

R1Q,  R11 

1  megohm,   1/4-Watt 

C5,  C6 

47-uF  tantalum 

C1,C2 

10-uF,  16-volt  electrolytic 

C3.  C4 

0.01-uF  ceramic  disc 

D1-D3 

1IM4001 

04- D6 

Light-emitting  diode 

S1-S3,S7 

Normally-closed  switches 

S4-S6 

Normally-open,  momentary-contact  switches 

IC1,  IC2 

7400  quad  two-input  NAND;  +  5 — pin  14,  Gnd 

pin  7 

IC3 

556  dual  555  timer;  +  5— pin  14,  Gnd— pin  7 

IC4 

7805  5*V  regulator 

RY1 

5-V  low-current  relay 

CLOSED 
LOOP 


+  5 
4 


D< 


I/4IG2    Jo11 


ATI 


ARMED  LEP 
05 


m 


Fig^  5.  Schematic  diagram  of  an  alarm  control  panel  suitable  for  residential  use.  Entry/exit 
delay  is  included. 

73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     33 


9  VOLT 

ADAPTER 
300mA 


J 


*9 


B4TT    TEST 
ST  DZ 


1 


/*T 


cs 


1 

I 


J 


e 


I 


03 


—  9V0LT  fliTTERT 


I 


Fig.  6*  Power  supply  for  Fig,  5.  The  battery  is  usually  dry  cells 
which  are  periodically  tested  and  replaced. 


Summons 

The  systems  described 
here  all  rely  on  a  local  bell 
to  scare  the  intruder  away 
and/or  notify  the  occupants 
Commercial  alarms  must  al- 
so notify  the  police  or  fire 
department  or  some  other 
private  security  office  Nor 
mally  this  is  done  over 
leased  phone  lines  — pairs  of 
wires  leased  trom  the  phone 
company  which  connect  t  he 
alarm  panel  to  the  central 
office. 

In  simple  systems,  a  nor- 


mal status  is  indicated  by 
plus  six  volts  dc,  trouble  is 
indicated  by  zero  volts,  and 
an  alarm  condition  is  indi- 
cated by  negative  six  volts 
dc  In  most  locations,  the  ex- 
act nature  of  these  signals 
has  already  been  estab- 
lished and  any  new  systems 
must  conform  to  the  existing 
standard.  The  central  office 
receiver  may  vary  from  a 
plug-in  zero-center  meter, 
with  latching  relay  and  buzz- 
er, to  a  small  computer 
console  which  types  out  the 
name,  address,  and  time  of 


any  alarm.  Usually  a  small 
charge  is  levied  for  the  use 
of  the  central  system  by  the 
city  or  private  company. 

Parts  Procurement 

Commercial -quality  alarm 
components  are  available 
from  Ademco,  Bourns,  FBI, 
Moose.  Napco,  and  Univer- 
sal. These  units  are  well 
engineered  and  built  like 
tanks  to  provide  years  of 
trouble-free  service.  Resi- 
dential-quality units  are 
available  from  Midex,  Seek- 
er, Eico,  and  Solfaa  Many 
of  these  have  entry  and  exit 
delays  and  may  not  be  suit- 
able for  commercial  use. 
These  are  available  from 
suppliers  in  many  metropol- 
itan areas. 

Selling  the  System 

For  those  interested  in 
making  a  business  out  of 
selling  and  installing  alarm 
systems,  the  thing  being  sold 
here  is  security,  not  a  bunch 
of  alarm  panels,  wires, 
switches,   lights,   and  bells. 


The  buyer  wants  to  feel  that 
he,  his  property,  and  his 
family  are  safe  from  fire, 
theftr  and  burglary.  He 
wants  his  system  to  be  reli- 
able; if  it  fails  to  operate 
properly  he  wants  it  re- 
paired immediately,  even  if 
it's  2  am.  Once  he  has  the 
security  of  an  alarm  system, 
he  will  not  want  to  be  with- 
out it.  For  this  reason, 
alarms  are  usually  sold  with 
a  service  contract  or  lease. 
Remember:  The  customer 
probably  won't  know  a  thing 
about  how  his  system  op- 
erates. 

There  exists  a  good  poten- 
tial in  many  areas  of  the 
country  for  someone  who 
can  understand  these  simple 
circuits,  organize  a  business, 
and  be  reliable  in  the  in- 
stallation and  maintenance 
of  alarm  systems.  For  those 
not  interested  in  a  business, 
a  do-it-yourself  residential 
alarm  offers  a  cheap,  effec- 
tive insurance  against  loss 
due  to  fire,  theft,  or 
burglary  ■ 


•  TECHNICAL  FORUMS 

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FRIDAY,  SATURDAY  AND  SUNDAY 

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ADMISSION 

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FLEA  MARKET  SPACE 

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(V^lid  for  aU  3  days) 

Checks  for  advance  registration  to 

Dayton  HAMVENTION 
Box  2205,  Dayton,  OH  45401 


April  27,  28, 29,  1984 

Hara  Arena  and  Exhibition  Center  —  Dayton,  Ohio 

Meet  your  amateur  radio  friends  from  all  over  the  world  at  the  internationally 
famous  Dayton  HAMVENTION. 

Seating  will  be  limited  for  Grand  Banquet  and  Entertainment  on  Saturday 
evening  so  please  make  reservations  early. 

[f  you  have  registered  within  the  last  3  years  you  will  receive  a  brochure  in 
January,  If  not,  write  Box  44,  Dayton,  OH  45401 . 

Nominations  are  requested  for  Radio  Amateur  of  the  Year  and  Special  Achieve- 
ment Awards.  Nomination  forms  are  available  from  Awards  Chairman,  Box  44, 
Dayton,  OH  45401. 

For  special  motel  rates  and  reservations  write  to  Hamvention  Housing,  Box 
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All  other  inquiries  write  Box  44,  Dayton,  OH  45401  or  phone  (5 13)  433-7720. 

Special  Ftea  Market  telephone  (513)  223-0923, 

Bring  your  family  and  enjoy  a  great  weekend  in  Dayton. 


Sponsored  by  the  Dayton  Amateur  Radio  Association.  Inc. 


34     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


812-422-0231 


449 


808  N.  Main 
Evansville,  IN  47711 


HAM  SHACK 


?^^ 

1 ■    -II, 

■»*•■■ l 

TEN  TEC  2591 


SANTEC142 


YAESU  726R 

AEA 

CP-l/C-64  or  VIC  20  Sol  I  ware  Package 

MP-20or  MP-64  Interface  Package 

Software  for  C-64  or  VIC  20. 

Amior  Text      ...  _ .  .    


AHHL 

US  Call  Directory 
1984  Handbook . 
Antenna   Book., 


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ALLIANCE 

H073  (10  7  sq  ft|  Rotato*. . 


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ASTRON 

RS7A  5-7  Amp  Power  Supply ............. 

RS1QA  7  5-10  Amo  Power  Supply 

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R512A  9-1 2  Amp  Power  Supply - 

RS2DA  18-20  Amp  Powef  Supply 

BS20M  16-20  Amp  w/meter 

RS35A  25-35  Amp 

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cjo  Tucson  Amateur  Packet  Radio 

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Join  the  Packet-Radio 

Revolution  — Part  111 

Don't  mess  up.  Packet  protocols  and  procedures  are 
all-important,  says  WAJGXD,  and  he's  been  right  so  far. 


Now  that  you  have  a 
background  as  to  what 
packet  radio  is  and  what  it 
takes  in  the  way  of  hardware 
to  get  a  packet  station  on 
the  air,  it  is  time  to  go  into  a 
little  more  detail  on  the 
communications  protocols 
used  in  packet  radio. 

As  mentioned  in  Part  I  of 
this  series,  protocol  is  taken 
to  mean  the  format  rules 
governing  information  trans- 
fer There  are  many  dif- 
ferent types  of  protocols 
used  in  amateur  radio  to- 
day. Every  time  you  check 
into  a  net  there  are  pro- 
cedures to  follow.  If  you  get 
involved  in  a  roundtable  dis- 
cussion, less  formal  rules 
may  apply.  If  you  wish  to 
use  a  busy  repeater,  there 
are,  again,  procedures  to 
follow.  In  fact,  any  time  you 
wish  to  communicate  [and 
sometimes  when  you  don't 
wish  to!)  there  are  rules. 
Some  are  formal,  such  as  in 
parliamentary  debate,  while 
others  are  not 

In  packet  radio,  the  pro- 
tocols used  are  designed  to 
enable  many  users  to  access 
a  given  channel  for  point-to- 
point  communication  with 
maximum  reliability.  And 
since  computers  are  used 
(the  Terminal  Node  Control- 
ler—TNC— is    a    computer), 

73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


the  rules  must  be  very  explic- 
it, Because  computers  lack 
judgment  all  possibilities 
for  confusion  must  be  de- 
fined and  worked  out  Thus, 
protocol  design  is  a  very  crit- 
ical part  of  designing  a 
packet- radio  system 

Do  other  amateur  digi- 
tal-communications systems 
have  defined  protocols?  The 
answer  is  yes!  In  RTTY,  the 
5-level  Murray  (Baudot) 
code  is  used  in  the  United 
States,  while  in  Europe  the 
CCIR  Alphabet  Number  2  is 
the  standard.  Holding  a 
marking  tone  between  char- 
acters, unshift-on-space,  data 
rate  (60,  67,  75,  or  100 
wpm)- these  are  all  part  of 
RTTY  protocol.  In  ASCII,  the 
7-level  code  itself  is  part  of 
the  protocol,  and  in  amateur 
usage,  most  of  the  appli- 
cable RTTY  standards  have 
been  carried  over,  including 
such  things  as  170-Hz  shift 
and  the  2125/2295-Hz  tone 
pair. 

As  digital  communica- 
tions have  progressed,  more 
rigidly -defined  protocols 
have  emerged,  AMTOR,  per- 
haps the  most  sophisticated 
RTTY  system  in  amateur  use, 
has  evolved  as  an  error-re- 
ducing communications  sys- 
tem and  is  defined  in  CCIR 
Recommendation  476-2.  In 


commercial  packet  work, 
the  International  Standards 
Organization  (ISO)  has  pro* 
posed  a  7-layer  model  for 
packet-switching  networks 
(see  Fig.  1). 

The  first  level,  called  the 
Physical  Layer,  deals  with 
interfacing  the  user's  ter- 
minal to  the  packet  system. 
In  the  case  of  amateur 
packet  radio,  it  is  also  the 
radio  interface  and  the  mod- 
ulation scheme.  While  there 
is  no  standard  in  amateur 
practice  at  this  time,  there 
have  emerged  several  de 
facto  standards.  RS-232  is 
the  common  interface  be- 
tween the  packet  system 
(usually  a  TNC)  and  the  ter- 
minal. 1200  baud  is  the  nor- 
mal signaling  speed  on  the 
packet  side,  using  AFSK  with 
1000-Hz  tone  spacing  using 
tones  of  1200  Hz  and  2200 
Hz.  Since  there  is  no  stan- 
dard among  amateur  radio 
manufacturers  for  audio 
connectors  or  pinouts,  no 
standard  is  possible  for  this 
physical  interface. 

The  second  level  is  the 
Link  Layer.  This  deals  with 
the  actual  format  of  the 
frames  of  information  that 
make  up  a  packet  It  cares 
nothing  for  the  data  in  the 
packet  but  rigidly  defines 
the     address     and     control 


fields  as  well  as  the  flags 
and  the  Frame  Check  Se- 
quence (FC5).  It  is  at  this 
level  that  amateurs  have 
come  to  agreement  and 
adopted  a  standard  called 
AX.25  level  two.  This  pro- 
tocol was  first  publicly  pro- 
posed by  AM  RAD  and 
adopted,  with  certain  mod- 
ifications, at  a  special  meet- 
ing called  by  AMSAT  in 
October,  1982,  It  was  first 
put  on  the  air  by  Tucson 
Amateur  Packet  Radio 
(TAPR)  on  the  then-new 
TAPR  TNC  in  December, 
1982,  and  has  since  been 
coded  into  software  for 
the  Vancouver  Amateur  Dig- 
ital Communications  Group 
(VADCC)  TNC  by  Hank  Mag- 
nuski  KA6M  and  others, 

The  next  level,  the  Net- 
work Layer,  is  the  focus  of 
much  experimentation  to- 
day, When  implemented,  it 
will  provide  for  inter-group 
linking  as  well  as  support 
multiple  connections  for. 
say,  a  roundtable  with  posi- 
tive frame  acknowledgment 

The  functions  of  this  lev- 
el overlap  somewhat  with 
level  four,  the  Transport 
Layer.  It  is  the  successful 
operation  of  amateur  pack- 
et  radio  at  these  levels  that 
will  herald  a  new  era  in  am  a- 
teur-radio    communications, 


opening  the  way  for  an  ex- 
tensive, high-speed,  highly- 
reliable  communications 
network  on  a  continental 
scale.  Experiments  with 
Phase  I  [IB,  HF  gateways, 
and  the  like  are  precursors 
to  amateur  level  three. 

The  last  three  layers,  Ses- 
sion, Presentation,  and  Ap- 
plication, deal  with  such 
things  as  CRT  screen  con- 
trol, character  sets,  and  the 
like  Amateur  packet  opera- 
tion has  managed  to  blur 
these  areas  with  standard 
usage,  For  example,  ASCII 
is  the  normal  mode  of  char- 
acter encoding.  Bulletin 
boards  are  running  at  level 
two 

In  fact  the  definition  of 
the  digipeater  function  in 
AX.25  level  two  is  actually  a 
level  three  "kludge"  to 
allow  limited  intermediate 
linking.  This  is  not  necessar- 
ily bad;  it  just  shows  that 
amateurs  tend  to  adopt  and 
adapt  until  things  suit  them 
for  the  unique  environment 
in  which  we  operate 

At  the  lowest  level,  an 
RS-232  interface  has  be- 
come the  de  facto  standard 
for  communicating  between 
a  TNC  and  a  computer  or 
terminal.  The  TNC  looks  like 
a  modem  (Data  Communi- 
cations Equipment,  or  DCE) 
while  the  computer  or  ter- 
minal is  defined  as  Data  Ter- 
minal Equipment  (DTE). 

A  Protocol-Related  Problem 

Even  at  this  low  level, 
problems  may  arise.  What  if 
the  receive  buffer  in  your 
computer  gets  full,  or  the 
lines  you  are  reading  start  to 
scroll  off  the  screen  of  your 
terminal?  What  if  the  packet 
channel  is  so  clogged  that 
the  transmit  buffers  in  the 
TNC  are  getting  full?  These 
problems  are  solved  by  the 
application  of  a  flow-control 
algorithm  (computerese  for 
a  method  of  solving  a  prob- 
lem—hopefully one  that 
doesn't       introduce       other 

problems!)* 

Flow  control  is  handled  in 

the  TAPR  TNC  by  both  hard- 
ware and  software,  although 
the  software   has   to  recog- 


nize   the    "hardware"    solu- 
tion. 

In  the  case  of  the  terminal 

(or  computer— well  use 
'terminal"  to  mean  both) 
wanting  to  tell  the  TNC  to 
stop  sending  data,  the  ter- 
minal may  either  (a)  set  the 
TNCs  Request-ToSend  (RTS) 
line  false  or  (b)  emit  an 
XOFF  character  (usually 
Controls)  to  the  TNC  In  the 
first  case,  the  TNC  will  im- 
mediately stop  sending  data 
to  the  terminal  In  the  sec- 
ond case,  if  the  TNC  has 
been  told  to,  it  will  recog- 
nize the  XOFF  character 
and  cease  sending  data. 
Note  that  if  the  TNC  is  oper- 
ating in  a  so-called  trans- 
parent mode,  only  the  hard- 
ware solution  may  be  used, 
since  in  this  mode  the  TNC 
passes  all  data,  ignoring 
commands 

To  resume  data  flow  to 
the  TNC,  the  CTS  line  may 
be  set  true  (if  the  hardware 
control  was  used)  or  the 
XON  character  (typically 
set  as  Control-Q)  may  be 
sent  to  the  TNC.  [With  the 
TAPR  TNC,  the  XON  and 
XOFF  characters  may  be 
user-defined  and  the  default 
characters  are  given  here.) 

In  the  case  of  the  TNC 
wanting  the  terminal  to 
pause  in  sending  data,  it  will 
set  the  Clear-TchSend  (CTS) 
line  false,  returning  it 
true  when  ready  to  again  re- 
ceive data  from  the  ter- 
minal. Thus,  flow  control  be- 
tween the  TNC  and  terminal 
is  defined  and  provided  for 
in  the  TAPR  TNC  "user  inter- 
face" protocol. 

The  above  discussion  is  a 
simple  example  of  the  sorts 
of  problems  that  must  be 
solved  in  defining  a  usable 
protocol  for  digital  commu- 
nications. While  the  details 
can  become  quite  involved, 
the  rest  of  this  article  will 
deal  with  the  issues  in  a 
more  general  framework. 
The  idea  is  not  to  make  you 
an  instant  protocol  expert 
but  to  give  you  some  insight 
into  the  general  workings  of 
amateur  digital  communica- 
tions with  particular  em- 
phasis    on     the     recently- 


APPLICATION 


PRESENTATION 
LAYEB 


SESSION 
LAYER 


TRANSPORT 
LATER 


NETWORK 
L  AYE  Ft 


LOWEST 
LEVEL 


LINK 
LATEP 


PHYSICAL 

LATER 


BULLETIN   BOARDS  & 
OTHER   5C J* VICE 5 


I-&0-  DEFINITION 


INTER   GROUP  LINKING 


PACKET  (FRAME  I    FORMATION 


USE*    !S't=r-'.:E 


,- 


AMATEUR    APPLICATION 


Fig.  1  ISO  7-1  ay er  protocol  model. 


adopted  AX.25  packet-radio 
protocol.  First,  however, 
let's  take  a  look  at  how  ama- 
teur packet  protocols  de- 
veloped 

Early  Packet-Radio  Protocols 

At  the  risk  of  oversimplifi- 
cation, there  basically  are 
two  ways  of  handling  packet 
communications.  One  is  to 
have  a  master-control  sta- 
tion acting  much  like  a  net- 
control  station  in  traditional 
amateur  practice.  The  other 
is  to  have  all  stations  equal, 
as  in  casual  amateur  opera- 
tion. Not  surprisingly,  both 
methods  have  been  used  in 
amateur  packet  radio.  Since 
the  Canadians  were  allowed 
packet  operation  first,  they 
implemented  both  first 

One  system  was  devel- 
oped in  which  a  master-con- 
trol station  would  poll  each 
station  in  ite  list  and  each 
station  would  in  turn  pass 
along  any  traffic.  The  advan- 
tages are  apparent:  Every- 
one takes  his  turn  and  any 
potential  conflicts  in  using 
the  frequency  are  thereby 
resolved.  The  disadvantages 
are  more  subtle:  How  does 
one  get  on  the  list  and  what 
happens  if  the  list  is  long  but 
only  two  or  three  stations 
are  active?  Do  the  few  ac- 
tive users  have  to  wait  for 
the  inactive  stations  to  be  in- 
terrogated by  the  master 
station  between  every  trans- 
mission? And  of  course 
there  may  be  a  real  problem 
if  the  master  station  goes 
down. 

Another  system  was  de- 


veloped in  which  each  sta- 
tion had  its  own  identifica- 
tion and  could  attempt  to 
access  the  channel  at  will. 
The  possibility  of  "dou- 
bling" (called  a  collision  in 
packet  jargon)  became  real 
with  this  system,  but  com- 
munications were  somewhat 
more  robust  because  a  cen- 
tral controller  wasn't  need- 
ed. And  you  didn't  have  to 
figure  out  how  to  get  on  the 
list 

The  polling  system  is  used 
in  very  few  active  packet 
areas  now,  and  a  variation 
of  the  second  system  be- 
came the  de  facto  standard. 
Developed  by  the  Vancou- 
ver Amateur  Digital  Com- 
munications Group,  the 
Vancouver  protocol  spread 
with  the  VADCC  TNC,  Near- 
ly all  early  work  with  packet 
radio  in  the  United  States 
was  based  on  this  TNC  and 
protocol 

Features  of  the 

Vancouver  Protocol 

The  Vancouver  protocol 
allowed  two  stations  to  con- 
nect and  carry  on  point-to- 
point  communications  with 
positive  acknowledgment  via 
a  handshake  High-Level 
Data-Link  Control—  HDL  C 
(see  Part  I  of  this  series,  Sep- 
tember, 1983,  issue  of  73) 
was  used  for  assembling 
and  disassembling  packet 
frames,  and  Non-Return  to 
Zero  Inverted  (NRZIr  pro 
nounced  nurzi)  encoding  of 
the  data  stream  was  used  to 
allow  clock  recovery,  since 
HDLC  is  a  synchronous  pro- 


73  Magazine  *  January,  1984     37 


tocol  (as  opposed  to  the 
asynchronous  RTTY  format 
with  start  and  stop  bits  at- 
tached to  every  character). 

In  addition,  this  protocol 

allowed  the  use  of  a  digt- 
peater  for  allowing  stations 
to  connect  that  couldn't 
connect  directly.  A  digipeat- 
er  is  similar  in  this  respect  to 
a  voice  repeater,  although  it 
is  really  very  different  It 
performs  the  same  Frame 
Check  Sequence  (FCS)  on  an 
incoming  packet  as  any 
other  packet  station,  re- 
jecting those  that  are  cor- 
rupted, It  then  generates  a 
new,  and  slightly  different, 
packet  which  it  sends.  The 
modifications  are  in  the  ad- 
dress (and  possibly  the  con- 
trol) field,  much  like  the 
changing  preamble  in  mes- 
sage traffic.  The  digipeater 
is  thus  more  like  an  auto- 
mated traffic-handling  sta- 
tion than  a  repeater. 

The  Vancouver  protocol 
also  allowed  a  packet  to 
contain  multiple  frames  of 
information.  Up  to  seven 
frames  could  be  sent  in  one 
transmission,  and  the  ac- 
knowledgment (ACK)  would 
contain  a  number  indicating 
how  many  frames  were  suc- 
cessfully received.  This  had 
the  advantage  of  increasing 
the  amount  of  data  that 
could  be  sent  in  a  given  time 
period  (called  channel 
throughput)  by  reducing  the 
number  of  times  the  chan- 
nel had  to  be  "turned 
around"  to  acknowledge 
receipt  of  data.  At  1 200  bits 
per  second  (bps),  radio  per- 
formance becomes  the  rate- 
limiting  factor. 

Finally,  the  Vancouver 
protocol  provided  for  cer- 
tain types  of  supervisory 
frames  for  control  of  the 
data  link. 

Unfortunately,  there  were 
problems,  or  more  properly, 
limitations  with  the  system. 
For  one,  only  a  single  digi- 
peater was  allowed.  What  if 
two  stations  wanted  to  con- 
nect that  needed  two,  or 
even  three,  intermediate 
relays?  How  could  multiple 
stations  exchange  data  and 

38     73  Magazine  •  January,  1964 


still  get  positive  acknowl- 
edgment from  the  other  sta- 
tions? What  if  a  station 
found  itself  in  range  of  two 
digipeaters  (overlapping  net- 
works)? 

The  greatest  limitation, 
however,  was  in  the  ad- 
dressing scheme.  In  confor- 
mance with  commercial 
HDLC  implementations,  and 
to  allow  the  TNCs  HDLC 
control  chip  to  screen  in- 
coming packets,  a  single- 
byte  addressing  scheme  was 
developed.  Due  to  part  of 
the  HDLC  standard,  only 
seven  (7)  bits  are  allowed  in 
an  address  byte,  meaning 
only  128  addresses  can  exist 
on  a  given  channel  The  digi- 
peater had  to  share  in  all  of 
this,  certain  address  fields 
had  to  be  reserved  for  vari- 
ous reasons,  and  the  result 
was  that  a  maximum  of  31 
stations  could  be  on  a  given 
channel. 

This  may  not  seem  like  a 
problem  since  that  would  be 
a  very  congested  channel, 
but  the  hardware  used  re- 
quired that  the  station's  spe- 
cial ID  code  be  burned  into 
the  TNCs  memory.  Since 
not  everyone  in  an  area  is 
likely  to  be  on  at  any  given 
time,  31  addresses  can  be 
very  limiting  because  it  then 
implies  only  31  packet  sta- 
tions can  exist  in  an  area,  ac- 
tive or  not  What  if  a  visitor 
comes  into  the  area  with  the 
same  address  as  a  local? 
Who  assigns  the  addresses? 
What  if  a  person  is  in  range 
of  two  or  more  networks, 
and  his  address  is  used  in 
more  than  one  of  them?  The 
list  goes  on. 

Dynamic  Addressing 

At  the  time  TAPR  was 
forming,  the  protocol  issue 
was  taken  very  seriously. 
The  hardware  for  the  TAPR 
TNC  has  provision  for 
changing  addresses,  and 
many  other  parameters,  by 
inclusion  of  a  nonvolatile 
memory  chip  that  requires 
no  battery  backup  yet  can 
be  changed  by  the  user  with 
a  simple  command  (see  Part 
II  of  this  series,  October, 
1983,  issue  of  73). 


A  protocol  was  designed 
that  would  have  an  "address 
server"  to  assign  addresses 
to  any  stations  that  came  on 
frequency.  When  the  station 
checked  out,  its  address 
would  be  removed  from  the 
active  list,  making  room  for 
other  active  users  to  join  in. 
The  "net-control"  station 
would  poll  the  users  on  the 
list  from  time  to  time  to  see 
if  they  were  still  on  channel 
to  prevent  a  station  that  had 
"died"  from  hogging  an  ID. 
The  first  station  on  a  chan- 
nel would  become  the  ad- 
dress server,  and  this  func- 
tion could  be  passed  on  to 
any  other  station  by  com- 
mand. Further,  if  a  station 
detected  the  absence  of  the 
address  server,  it  could  then 
take  over  the  function. 

Finally,  the  address  server 
would  send  out  a  broadcast 
message  to  all  stations 
whenever  a  station  came  on 
or  left  the  channel.  This 
would  allow  a  user  to  check 
the  ''system-status  table"  in 
his  TNC  to  see  who  was  on! 
It  also  would  smooth  the 
transition  if  the  address 
server  went  down  for  any 
reason. 

This  T APR/DA  protocol  is 
presently  under  continuing 
development  and  may  be 
undergoing  on-the-air  tests 
by  the  time  this  appears  in 
print. 

Unfortunately,  the  proto- 
col is  fairly  complex  and  the 
team  implementing  it  in 
software  has  met  with  de- 
lays beyond  their  control 
Further,  adapting  it  to  ex- 
isting VADCC  TNCs  may  be 
impractical  without  exten- 
sive modifications  to  that 
TNC. 

AX, 25  Level  Two 

In  October,  1982,  in  con- 
junction with  the  AMSAT 
annual  meeting,  Tom  Clark 
W3IWI  called  a  meeting  of 
the  various  packet  groups  to 
settle  on  some  sort  of  level  2 
protocol  (the  level  at  which 
the  TNCs  communicate  with 
each  other).  The  reason  was 
very  simple.  With  the  suc- 
cessful launch  of  the  Phase 
IHB  satellite,   a  digital-com- 


munications channel  with 
predictable  reliability  would 
be  available.  If  the  various 
packet  groups  were  all  do- 
ing their  own  thing,  a  Tower 
of  Babel  would  result  with 
no  two  groups  speaking  the 
same  language  (protocol). 
This  would  result  in  either  (a) 
chaos,  or  (b)  extreme  under- 
utilization  of  the  channel  re- 
source. Therefore,  a  com* 
mon  protocol  had  to  be  de- 
fined sufficiently  in  advance 
of  the  satellite  launch  to 
allow  it  to  be  coded  in  soft- 
ware and  tested  on  the  air 

Represented  at  the  meet- 
ing were  AMRAD  (Washing- 
ton based),  PPRS  {San  Fran- 
cisco based),  SLAPR  (St 
Louis  based),  TAPR  (Tuc- 
son based),  and  of  course, 
AMSAT  (also  Washington 
based).  New  Jersey  was  also 
represented,  and  the  groups' 
membership  base  covered 
most  active  packet  sites.  Un- 
fortunately, the  various  Ca- 
nadian groups  were  unable 
to  attend. 

Several  proposals  were 
espoused,  with  each  group 
defending  its  particular  ap- 
proaches) to  the  problem. 
Tom's  strategy,  essentially, 
was  to  lock  everyone  in  a 
room  with  no  departure 
allowed  until  agreement 
was  reached.  Surprisingly 
enough,  it  worked!  What 
eventually  emerged  from 
the  meeting  was  a  modified 
form  of  the  AMRAD  AX.25 
level-two  protocol,  which  is 
an  adaptation  of  the  com- 
mercial X.25  packet-switch- 
ing protocol,  level  two, 

Essentially,  this  protocol 
provides  for  the  various 
functions  of  the  earlier  Van- 
couver  protocol  with  a  num- 
ber of  additional  features. 
Point-to-point  connections 
are  allowed,  with  positive 
acknowledgment  of  frames. 
Up  to  seven  frames  may  be 
included  in  a  packet.  Flow 
control  between  packet  sta- 
tions is  defined,  so  a  receiv- 
ing TNC  may  tell  a  sending 
TNC  to  stop  sending  traffic 
for  a  while  (to  prevent  buffer 
overflow)  A  digipeater  is  al- 
lowed, and  its  functions  de- 
fined.    HDLC     frames     are 


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Fig.  2.  Typical  AX.25  norhdigipeated  address  header. 


tint- 


FLU 


0 


ilFI 


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iSPi 


fS*i 


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F/g.  3,  Typical  AX.25  digipeated  address  header. 


used,  with  NRZI  encoding 
and  zero-bit  stuffing. 

The  major  differences  lie 
in  the  addressing  scheme, 
Whereas  the  Vancouver 
protocol  allowed  only  31  or 
so  stations,  the  AX.25  system 
effectively  allows  over  ten 
times  the  licensed  amateur 
population  to  be  active  at 
once! 

Why  is  this  so  important? 
Recall  that  the  Vancouver 
protocol  used  single-byte 
addressing.  The  problem  of 
a  new  packet  station  com- 
ing on  channel  becomes  real 
when  a  channel  exists  that 
allows  over  50%  of  the 
world's  amateurs  (theoreti- 
cally) to  have  access  at  one 
time,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
Phase  III  satellite. 

In  AX.25,  the  amateur  sta- 
tion callsign  is  encoded  into 
a  7'byte  field.  This  allows  for 
a  six-character  callsign  with 
an  additional  byte  as  a  qual- 
ifier. This  may  be  necessary 
when,  for  example,  a  packet 
station  has  multiple  TNCs 
that  must  operate  under  one 
station  call.  This  occurs  fair- 
ly frequently,  with  some  am- 
ateurs providing  a  bulletin- 
board  service  or  a  gateway 
station  in  addition  to  their 
"normal7'  packet  station. 

Both  the  sending  station's 
and  the  intended  receiving 
station's  caflsigns  are  in  the 
address  field,  making  it  14 
bytes  in  length.  A  digipeater 
may  be  specified  (you  could 
be  in  range  of  multiple  dtgi- 
peaters),  in  which  case  its 
callsign  must  be  included, 
making  the  address  field  21 
bytes  in  length. 

Recognizing  that  future 
protocols  may  emerge,  the 
packet  group  decided  to  ap- 

40     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


pend  a  Protocol  I  Dent  loca- 
tion byte  (PID)  to  the  control 
field  of  the  frame  to  let  the 
receiving  station  know 
which  protocol  was  in  use, 
and  AX25  was  assigned  an 
identifier. 

The  advantages  of  this 
system  are  numerous.  No 
longer  must  an  amateur 
worry  if  another  station  has 
the  same  ID  when  he  re- 
ceives a  packet.  Many  users 
may  be  accommodated 
(from  an  addressing  point  of 
view)  with  no  effective  limit 
Monitoring  of  a  channel  be- 
comes simplified,  with  a 
monitoring  station  able  to 
identify  (by  callsign)  the 
source  and  intended  desti- 
nation of  every  packet  re- 
ceivable at  his  location. 

Of  course,  nothing  is  free, 
and  AX.25  has  its  costs,  The 
main  problem  is  that  the  ad- 
dress field  is  quite  long,  be- 
ing 21  bytes  if  a  digipeater  is 
used.  At  TAPR,  we  wanted 
to  play  with  multi-hop  pack* 
eting,  so  we  allowed  up  to 
eight  digipeaters  to  be  speci- 
fied. This  makes  for  an  ad* 
dress  field  of  up  to  70  bytes! 
This  is  a  lot  of  overhead 
merely  to  send  a  zero  data- 
length  ACK. 

Another  limitation  of 
AX.25  is  that  it  doesn't  allow 
for  the  typical  amateur 
practice  of  round  table  dis- 
cussions. Since  a  station 
may  connect  only  to  one 
other  station,  some  sort  of 
monitor  mode  must  be  en- 
abled to  see  activity  from 
other  packet  stations.  If  the 
"monitored"  FCS  is  cor- 
rupted, the  packet  is  dis- 
carded. In  the  case  of  very 
weak  signals,  it  is  common 
to  miss  a  lot  of  the  moni- 


tored activity.  Some  provi- 
sion must  be  made  to 
accommodate  this  type  of 
networking,  and  it  will  most 
likely  take  place  at  level 
three.  This  problem  appears 
to  be  unique  to  amateur 
packet  requirements  at  pres- 
ent so  we  must  pioneer 
and  develop  this  capability, 

The  lack  of  multiple  con- 
nectivity poses  another 
problem.  Suppose  a  station 
has  a  computer  mailbox  or 
bulletin-board  service  avail- 
able on  packet  Since  only 
one  connection  can  be 
maintained  at  a  time,  only 
one  user  can  check  in  at  a 
time.  If  others  wish  to  check 
for  messages,  etc..  they 
must  wait  until  the  first  user 
disconnects,  If  he  suffers  a 
power  outage  or  otherwise 
leaves  the  air  without  prop- 
erly disconnecting,  the  mail- 
box station  will  lock  up  until 
reset,  Thus,  other  users  are 
denied  access, 

There  undoubtedly  will 
be  further  experimentation 
with  link-level  protocols, 
but  AX  25  forms  a  sound  ba- 
sis and  a  common  language 
for  such  development  to 
build  on. 

A  T\pical  Connection 

To  illustrate  the  function- 
ing of  packet  protocol,  an 
example  of  a  typical  con- 
nection sequence  follows. 
(Note  that  in  packet  par- 
lance a  connection  is  merely 
establishing  contact  with 
the  desired  station.)  Let's 
say  that  station  WA7CXD 
wishes  to  connect  to  station 
N0ADL  WA7GXD  would 
type  at  his  terminal:  C 
NO  AD  I. 

A  packet  would  be  sent 


that  could  be  represented 
as-:  FLAG  :  N0ADI  : 
WA7CXD  ;  SABM  :  FCS  : 
FLAG:. 

Note  that  the  destination 
station  callsign  precedes  the 
sending  station  callsign.  The 
control  field  SABM  means 
"Set  Asynchronous  Bal- 
anced Mode/  which  is  data- 
communications  talk  for 
''connect  me  to  the  other 
guy  and  treat  us  as 
equals  — no  one  is  a  control 
station." 

Assuming  N0ADI  is  on 
frequency  and  his  TNC  is  al- 
lowed to  accept  a  connec- 
tion request  (he  is  not  al- 
ready connected  with  some- 
one else),  his  station  would 
respond  with  —  :  FLAG 
WA7CXD  :  N0ADI  :  UA  : 
FCS  :  FLAG  :. 

In  this  case,  the  callsigns 
are  reversed  and  the 
Unnumbered  Acknowledg- 
ment (UA)  is  sent  in  the  con- 
trol field  to  ACK  the  con- 
nect request  At  WA7CXD's 
terminal,  the  following  mes^ 
sage  would  be  displayed 
^CONNECTED  WITH 
N0ADI,  while  N0AD!'s  ter- 
minal would  display: 
***CONNECTED  WITH 
WA7GXD.  At  this  point  the 
TNCs  would  enter  the  CON- 
VERsation  mode.  Now  any 
information  entered  at  ei- 
ther station  will  be  trans- 
mitted to  the  other  station. 

When  the  QSO  ends,  one 
station,  say  N0ADI,  will 
place  his  TNC  in  the  Com- 
mand Mode  and  enter  D 
WA7GXD,  at  which  point  his 
TNC  would  send  out  a 
packet  like—:  FLAG  : 
WA7GXD  :  N0ADI  :  DISC  : 
FCS  :  FLAG  :,  where  DISC  is 
the  control  code  to  discon- 
nect and  WA7CXD's  TNC 
would  respond — :  FLAG  : 
N0AD1  :  WA7CXD  :  UA  : 
FCS  :  FLAG  :,  and  each  ter- 
minal would  then  display: 
***DlSCONNECTED. 

While  in  the  connected 
mode,  any  information  en- 
tered at  one  station's  TNC 
will  be  sent  to  the  other  sta- 
tion and  positive  acknowl- 
edgment utilized  to  ensure 
that  the  receiving  station  in 
fact  received  the  frame  cor- 


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73  Magazine  •  January,  19S4    41 


FOR  FURTHER  INFORMATION 

The  ARRL  publishes  the  Proceedings  of  the  Second 
Amateur  Computer  Networking  Conference  held  In  San  Fran- 
cisco in  March.  1983.  Copies  are  available  from  League  Head- 
quarters for  $9.00  postpaid.  Topics  covered  include  the  com- 
plete AX.25  specification,  papers  on  the  software  and  hard- 
ware aspects  of  the  TAPR  INC,  and  other  developments  such 
as  AMRAD's  HF  packet  modem  and  Sweden's  SOFTNET 
system. 

Tucson  Amateur  Packet  Radio's  TNC  Manual  covers  opera* 
tlon  of  a  packet  station  in  detail.  Complete  information  is 
given  on  the  TAPR  TNC,  including  construction  and  checkout. 
Appendices  include  radio  hookup  and  the  complete  AX.25 
specification.  This  manual  is  available  from  TAPR  for  $20.00 
postpaid  in  the  US  and  Canada. 

TAPR  also  publishes  the  bimonthly  Packet  Status  Register, 
which  is  devoted  exclusively  to  packet  radio.  Membership  is 
currently  $12.00  per  year. 

AMRAD,  PO  Drawer  6128,  McClean  VA  22106,  publishes  the 
monthly  AMRAD  Newsletter,  which  contains  columns  on 
packet  radio.  Annual  dues  are  currently  $15.00. 


rectly.  If  the  receiving  sta- 
tion does  not  send  the  re- 
quired ACK,  the  sender  will 
repeat  it  This  goes  on  for  up 
to  RETRY  times  (RETRY  be- 
ing a  user-entered  param- 
eter telling  the  TNC  how 
many  times  to  retry  sending 
a  packet  before  giving  up 
and  assuming  the  path  no 
longer  is  usable  between  the 
stations). 

The  reasons  that  the  send- 
ing station  may  not  receive 
and  decode  an  ACK  are 
many,  The  receiving  station 
may  not  have  sent  it  due  to 
(a)  corrupted  or  garbled  data 
bits,  (b)  someone  else  trans- 
mitting over  the  packet  (a 
collison),  (c)  the  receiving 
unit  failed,  (d)  etc.  The  ACK 
may  have  been  sent  but  not 
received  correctly  by  the 
sending  station  for  the  same 
or  other  reasons. 

In  order  to  minimize  the 
chances  of  a  transmission 
getting  stepped  on  or  col- 
lided with,  a  station  wishing 
to  transmit  will  first  listen 
and  ensure  that  it  doesn't 
hear  any  packet  activity. 
Only  then  will  it  transmit 
Further,  if  it  is  retrying  a 
transmission,  it  will  wait  an 
additional  random  amount 
of  time  before  transmitting. 
This  helps  ensure  that  two 
stations  don't  get  "locked" 
and  continually  collide  with 
each  other. 

42     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


If  the  retry  count  is  ex- 
ceeded, the  station  attempt- 
ing to  send  will  then  report 
to  the  terminal: 
''♦DISCONNECTED 
RETRY  COUNT  EXCEEDED. 

Thus,  the  operator  is  kept 
informed  of  any  changes  in 
the  state  of  the  communica- 
tions channel,  and  valuable 
channel  time  isn't  wasted  in 
continually  trying  to  main- 
tain contact  with  a  station 
that  may  not  even  be  on  the 
air 

From  the  above  example 
it  can  be  seen  that  the  proto- 
col issues  involved  in  packet 
radio  can  be  very  complex, 
but  that  if  properly  ap- 
proached, the  result  can  be 
extremely  reliable  commu- 
nications and  efficient  shar- 
ing of  amateur  frequencies. 

Applications 

No  discussion  of  packet 
radio  techniques  is  com- 
plete without  some  mention 
of  the  mulititude  of  prac- 
tical applications  of  packet 
radio  in  the  amateur  en- 
vironment 

Apart  from  FCC-man- 
dated "advancement  of  the 
state  of  the  radio  art/' 
packet  provides  unique  op- 
portunities for  experimenta- 
tion and  public  service. 

Consider  the  aftermath  of 
a  tornado,  earthquake,  vol- 
cano, or  other  disaster.  Usu- 


ally, the  first  emergency 
traffic  to  be  handled  is  done 
via  amateur  radio,  especial* 
ly  if  the  damage  is  severe 
enough  to  knock  out  com- 
mercial lines  of  communica- 
tion. In  many  cases,  the  traf- 
fic entered  into  the  commu- 
nications system  far  exceeds 
the  ability  of  the  system  to 
handle  it  The  network  be- 
comes saturated  and  delays 
increase  It  may  take  hours 
or  even  days  to  get  all  the 
messages  handled. 

Typically,  voice  or  CW 
traffic  nets  are  limited  to  a 
realistic  rate  on  the  order  of 
tens  of  words  per  minute. 
Fatigued  operators  are  sub- 
ject to  errors  in  copying  and 
otherwise  handling  the  in- 
formation. As  time  wears  on, 
the  error  rate  increases. 

RTTY  or  ASCII  offers 
some  improvement  in  sys- 
tem capacity,  but  errors  are 
still  likely. 

On  the  other  hand,  pack- 
et offers  the  capability  for 
operators  to  enter  traffic 
without  having  to  listen  first 
(the  TNC  does  that  for  them) 
and  allows  error-free  com- 
munications to  occur  on  a 
channel  at  nearly  1200  wpm 
(not  quite  1200  due  to  ACK 
delays  and  the  like),  Multi- 
ple messages  can  be  "in 
flight"  at  any  given  timcv 
and  the  TNCs  can  sort  it  all 
out  Since  the  TNC  likely  is 
coupled  into  a  computer 
system  at  some  point,  traffic 
can  be  passed  to  commer- 
cial lanes  as  they  become 
available.  Automatic  log- 
ging of  third-party  traffic  be- 
comes trivial.  And  system 
capacity  is  on  the  order  of 
20  times  that  of  RTTY  The 
capacity  is  even  greater 
compared  to  CW  or  voice 
nets,  especially  when  oper- 
ator fatigue  is  considered. 

As  another  example,  con- 
sider the  computer-minded 
amateur,  Perhaps  he  has  de- 
veloped a  program  he 
wishes  to  share  with  another 
amateur.  He  can  place  his 
TNC  in  transparent  mode, 
where  it  passes  all  data  of- 
fered to  it,  and  send  a  binary 
file  dump  to  the  other  ama- 
teur, who  passes  it  directly 


to  his  computer  Errors  are 
trapped  before  the  data  is 
passed  through,  so  the  recip- 
ient can  be  sure  that  rf  he  re- 
ceives the  program,  it  is 
right 

Another  system  used  ex- 
tensively on  packet  right 
now  is  the  bulletin  board,  or 
computerized  mailbox  sys- 
tem Amateurs  may  leave 
messages  for  other  am- 
ateurs or  get  general  infor- 
mation items,  etc. 

PACSAT  is  a  proposed 
system  much  like  a  bulletin 
board  except  that  it  will  be 
on  board  a  future  AMSAT 
spacecraft.  Having  as  much 
as  2  megabytes  of  memory, 
PACSAT  will  fly  in  a  Low 
Earth  Orbit  (LEO)  similar  to 
OSCAR  8  or  UoSAT  The 
PACSAT  concept  is  a  pio- 
neering one  in  the  use  of 
low<ost  space  technology 
since  it  is  far  cheaper  to  in- 
ject a  satellite  into  an  LEO 
(say,  via  a  $10,000  Shuttle 
Get-Away  Special)  than  to 
inject  one  into  a  geostation- 
ary slot  (for  a  few  million 
dollars)  Further,  there  are 
many  more  LEO-launch  op- 
portunities than  there  are 
geosynchronous  ones. 

PACSAT  will  enable  a 
low-power  ground  station 
with  relatively  unsophisti- 
cated antenna  systems  (a 
whip  will  do!)  to  leave  and 
retrieve  messages  with  PAC- 
SAT. Since  we  all  don't  live 
and  work  on  the  same 
schedule,  PACSAT  opens  up 
a  brand  new  opportunity  for 
non-real-time  "store^and-for- 
ward"  communications. 

For  satellites  such  as  AM- 
SAT Phase  III,  which  require 
a  fairly  complex  ground  sta- 
tion, packet  offers  the  op- 
portunity for  several  sta- 
tions to  share  a  common 
satellite  link.  By  means  of 
gateway  operation,  where 
one  packet  station  has  the 
needed  equipment  to  track 
and  communicate  through 
the  satellite,  other  packet  sta- 
tions can  use  the  facility  by 
operating  through  the  gate- 
way much  like  using  a  digi- 
peater  to  increase  a  station's 
effective  range.  Similarly, 
HF  and  high-speed  UHF  mi- 


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The  AMTOR  software  TIMING  ROUTINES  have  been  written  by  Peter  Martinez.  G3PLX  (father  of  AMTOR)  which  means  you  can  be 
sure  of  having  NO  SYNCHRONIZING  problems  with  other  AMTOR  stations  adhering  to  the  established  international  AMTOR 
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Commodore  64  computer  AH  circuitry  and  software  is  incorporated  on  a  single,  plug-in 
cartridge  module  featuring  the  following:  *TRUE  DUAL  CHANNEL  MARK  AND  SPACE 
MULTI-STAGE  4  POLE.  CHEBYSHEV  ACTIVE  FILTERS*  AUTOMATIC  THRESHOLD 
CORRECTION  for  good  copy  when  one  tone  is  obliterated  by  QRM  or  SELECTIVE 
FADING  •  EASY,  POSITIVE  TUNING  with  TRIPLE  LED  INDICATOR  •  NOT  a  low-cost, 
easily  "pullable"  phaselocked  loop  detector!*!  •  SWITCH  SELECTED  170  Hz  or  WJDE 
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The  MicroAmtor  Patch  is  structured  for  easy  upgrading  to  the  AEA  CP*  1  Computer  Patch1"  advanced  interface  unit  without  having  to 
buy  a  different  software  package!  Simply  unplug  (he  external  computer  interface  cable  (supplied  with  the  MicroAmtor  Patch)  from 
the  MicroAmtor  Patch  and  plug  it  into  the  Computer  Patch, 

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The  AMT-1  is  the  DEFINITIVE  AMTOR  TERMINAL  UNIT  which  all  future  AMTOR  units 
will  be  measured  against.  All  you  need  for  full  AMTOR  operation  is  a  dumb  ASCI  \  terminal 
(or  personal  computer  and  emulation  software)  and  a  normal  HF  transceiver  and  antenna. 
With  the  AMT-1  you  will  receive  the  following  features:  •SENSITIVE  FM  DEMODULATOR 
•  FOUR  POLE  ACTIVE  RECEIVE  FILTER  •  TOTAL  CONTROL  FROM  KEYBOARD  or  by 
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INDICATOR  *  CRYSTAL  CONTROLLED  AFSK  MODULATOR  •  RECEIVE/TRANSMIT 
standard  RTTY  •  TRANSMIT  MORSE  CW  •  MORSE  RECEIVE  field  installable  option 
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Applications  software  for  C-64  or  VIC-20 

AEA  also  offers  an  applications  software  package  for  the  Commodore  VIC- 
20  (model  AMT-1  /VIC20-1 )  or  64  computer  that  is  resident  on  a  plug-in  PROM 
CARTRIDGE  and  includes  the  INTERFACE  CABLE  to  go  between  the 
computer  and  the  AMT-1  KEYBOARD  OVERLAY  instructions  are  also 
included  for  easy  operation  without  the  instruction  manual  The  COMM-64 
program  (model  AMT-1/C64-1)  offers  SPLIT  SCREEN  OPERATION  with  ten 
MESSAGE  BUFFERS.  It  also  offers  UNATTENDED  OPERATION  with 
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AM  T-  7 


Shown  with  options*  AMT-1  Console  Stand, 
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Advanced  Electronic  Applications,  Inc. 

P.O.  BOX  C-2160  •  LYNNWOOD.  WA  98036  •  (206)  775-7373  •  Telex:  152571  AEA  INTL 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     43 


— 


C=*OSS  N£EOL£  MET£» 

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COMMUNICATIONS 


crovvave  links  may  be  estab- 
lished with  a  gateway  con* 
cept  to  allow  other  pack- 
et stations  to  utilize  the 
resource. 

Resource  sharing  in  itself 
is  an  exciting  application  of 
packet  radio  Perhaps  a  club 
is  heavily  involved  in  com- 
puting and  wishes  to  pur- 
chase a  high-capacity  data- 
storage medium,  such  as  a 
1 0Omegabyte  Winchester 
drive.  If  the  unit  is  net- 
worked into  a  packet  chan- 
nel, the  various  users  may 
access  it  at  will. 

Of  course,  some  of  these 
activities,  such  as  resource 
sharing,  will  require  higher 
levels  of  protocol  to  be  de- 
fined and  developed,  but 
the  potential  is  there  and 
they  undoubtedly  will  get 
implemented, 

Wrap-Up 

This  series  of  articles  has 
introduced  vou  to  packet 
radio  as  it  presently  exists, 
with  a  short  look  into  the  an- 


ticipated future.  An  over- 
view was  given  in  Part  I, 
where  certain  fundamentals 
were  presented  and  a  pack- 
et station  analyzed. 

Part  II  went  into  some 
detail  covering  packet  hard- 
.\are,  with  the  specific  ex- 
ample of  the  TAPR  TNC 
given.  Sufficient  informa- 
tion was  presented  to 
enable  the  ambitious  con- 
structor to  build  a  TNC  for 
packet  operation  (and  kits 
are  now  available). 

This  last  installment  has 
given  an  overview  of  packet 
protocols  and  applications. 
While  not  exhaustive  in  any 
sense  of  the  word,  some 
history  and  examples  have 
shown  the  types  of  issues  in- 
volved and  the  present  level 
of  packet  communications 
capability. 

For  further  details  on 
amateur  packet  radio,  I  en- 
courage you  to  write  to  Tuc- 
son Amateur  Packet  Radio, 
PO  Box  22888,  Tucson  AZ 
85734-2888  ■ 


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44    73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


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73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     45 


■P 


L  B,  Cebik  W4RNL 
5105  Hohton  Hills  Road 

Knoxvilte  TN  37976 


The  CW  Stationmaster 

Regeneration  turns  the  worst  signal  into  a  CW  symphony. 
And  that's  not  all  you  get  when  you  build  this  station  accessory. 


Every  CW  operator  has 
(at  leasl)  two  desires  to 
improve  his  ability  to  copy 
code  through  QRM  and  to 
be  able  to  gauge  accurately 
how  fast  he  or  the  other 
fellow  is  sending,  CRASH  is 
a  device  which  will  enhance 
both  abilities  and  provide  a 
few  extra  options  for  the  C  W 
fan 

CRASH— Code  Regener- 
ator And  Speedometer  Hy- 
brid—uses modern  phase- 
locked-loop  circuitry  to  pro- 
vide good  CW  regeneration 


for  clear  copy  In  addition,  it 
counts  the  code  speed  of 
both  transmitted  and  re- 
ceived signals.  As  a  bonus 
the  unit  serves  as  a  code- 
practice  oscillator  that  per- 
mits the  instructor  to  adjust 
his  speed  ac  <  urately. 

The  hybrid  part  of  the 
name  CRASH  derives  from 
the  sources  ot  the  ideas  that 
went  into  its  development, 
WB4TYL  developed  a  very 
Straightforward  CW  speed- 
ometer; "The1  Confidence 
Builder"    [73t    September, 


p.  134)  One  of  the 
drawbacks  of  the  unit  was 
that  it  did  not  work  well  with 
received  signals,  since  it 
responded  to  all  signals  in 
the  receiver  passband.  The 
cure  for  this  problem 
emerged  from  W3BYM  s 
"Golden  Articulator,  a  CW 
Regenerator  for  Amateur 
Receivers"  {Ham  Radio.  Oc- 
tober, 1980,  p  64)  The  heart 
of  this  unit  is  an  LM567 
phase-locked-loop  tone  de- 
coder with  a  very  narrow 
passband     Combining    the 


two  circuits  became  an  easy 
task,  since  both  made  exten- 
sive use  ot  LM555  timers, 
very  handy  device-  indeed, 
The  remaining  chips  are 
standard  TTL  K \  plus  an 
optocoupler  and  an  LM386 
audio  amplifier. 

By  combining  the  two  cir- 
cuits, with  additions  and 
modifications,  we  achieve 
the  following  results: 
•  a  CW  regenerator  with  a 
narrow,  variable  frequency 
passband  for  single-signal 
reception; 


Front  view  of  completed  CRASH  unit. 
46     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


•  • 


Internal  view. 


•  automatic  or  manual 
return  from  the  regenerator 
function  to  receiver  audio 

•  a  CW  speed  counter 
which  updates  every  fi\e 
seconds; 

•  provision  to  count  either 
transmitted  or  received 
code  speed; 

•  a  code-practice  oscillator 
suitable  for  training  Novices 
through  Extra-class  hams  by 
precisely  setting  the  prac- 
tice >[>eed; 

•  optically  isolated  keying 
of  the  unit  in  the  CPO  func- 
tion; 

•  digrtal  output  tor  audio 
input,  hence  the  possibility 
of  keying  other  devices, 
such  as  a  computer  or  TV 
readout 

•  relatively  simple  circuitry 
through  extensive  use  of  555 
timers. 

•  a  design  amenable  to 
one-stage-at-a-time  build- 
ing and  adjustment 

tven  if  you  do  not  want 
to  copy  CRASH  as  a  total 

unit,  there  may  be  some 
useful  ideas  in  it  lor  other 
projects  around  the  shack. 

Fu fictional  Analysis 

Although  the  circuit  dr- 
agram^  (I  <gs.  2  and  1) appear 
complex,  the  functions 
break  clown  in  a  very  direct 
manner  Fig.  1  provides  a 
blo<  k  diagram  of  the  en- 
tire unit  to  make  clear 
what  happens  to  CW  enter- 
ing at  the  audio  input  jack. 
Since  there  are  so  many 
555s,  each  has  been  given  a 
functional  name  for  easy 
identification. 

When  receiving  CW,  the 
567  tone  decoder  is  the  first 
step  in  the  signal  processing. 
It  has  a  very  narrow  band 
width,  even  with  high  inputs 
14%  of  the  audio  frequen- 
cy. Over  the  range  of  the  de- 
coder (400  to  2000  Hz)  this 
amounts  to  56  to  280  Hz,  a 
figure  excellent  for  CW,  but 
also  capable  of  producing 
ringing  in  most  filter  designs. 
Since  we  throw  away  the 
audio  at  this  point  and 
create  our  own  in  a  later 
stage,  ringing  is  no  problem 

From  the  decoder,  which 

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Fig.  1.  Block  diagram  oi  (RASH. 


produces  a  digital  low  when 
a  signal  is  present  we  move 
in  three  directions  One  is  to 
a  tone  generator  (555)  which 
produces  new  CW  in  the 
astable  mode,  Adding  the 
LM3S6  amplifier  lets  us 
i  hange  1  he  square-wa\  e 
output  into  something  a  bit 
less  harmonic-laden,  but 
still  not  a  pure,  monotonous 
sine  wave 

The  second  direction  is  to 
a  pair  of  555  relay  drivers 
The  first  has  variable  delay 
time  and  is  <u  fivated  by  the 
presence  of  CW  plus  a  short 
press  of  the  spring-loaded 
toggle  switch  There  is  also  a 
manual  switch  to  change 
from  receiver  audio  to  re- 
generated CW.  The  second 
relay  driver  has  a  fixed 
2-second  period  and  is  acti- 
vated by  the  first  when  its 
cycle  ends,  This  permits 
time  for  continuing  CW  to 
reactivate  the  first  driver, 
thus  holding  the  relay  in  for 
the  entire  transmission. 

The  third  direction  from 
the  decoder  is  to  the  555 
pulser  which  triggers  the 
counter.  For  each  leading 
edge  of  a  dot  or  dash,  the 
pulser  sends  a  very  short 
(10-ms)  pulse  which  the 
counter  section  counts  dur- 
ing a  4.7-second  period  The 
readout  provides  a  display 
of  the  code  speed 

The  counter  section  itself 
is  very  standard  and  might 

/ 


be  considered  obsolete  in 
the  face  of  new  combined 
devices  available  for  count- 
ing and  readout  work,  A  555 
clock  provides  adjustable 
4.7-second  highs  to  enable 
counting  and  a  brief  1 -sec- 
ond low  for  resetting  and 
latching.  The  7490s  build  the 
count  during  the  high,  and 
their  last  count  is  latched  in 
the  7475s  by  the  low  while 
the  7490s  reset,  The  laU  bed 
count  is  i  onverted  to  7-seg- 
ment  displas  format  h\  the 
7447s  and  read  out  on  (he 
common  anode  displays, 
The  counting  section  runs 
continuously  in  all  modes  of 
operation  of  CRASH,  and 
thus  can  tell  us  the  received 
speed,  the  transmitted 
speed,  or  the  CPO  speed 

Back  at  the  main  board, 
there  is  a  provision  for 
switching  in  speaker  audio 
to  the  pulser  through  a  step- 
up  transformer  and  a  bridge 
rectifier  and  filter.  One  sec- 
tion of  a  7414  Schmitt  trig- 
ger inverter  provides  a  sharp 
square  signal  to  cue  the  555 
pulser  This  section  is  most 
useful  in  checking  transmit- 
ted speed  by  using  the  side- 
tone.  Since  the  sidetone  will 
rarely  be  in  the  passband  of 
the  decoder,  It  will  not  reg- 
ister unless  we  retune  (a 
bad  idea)  or  unless  we  use 
a  wideband  circuit  (a  bet- 
ter idea) 

The  tone  generator  and 


■  * 


•  • 


pulser  also  can  be  triggered 
directly  so  that  we  can  use 
the  CRASH  unit  as  a  code- 
practice  oscillator.  Since  all 
my  equipment  is  set  up  for 
negative-voltage  keying,  an 
opt  oisol  a  tor/coupler  (TIL- 
11b)  with  a  negative  suppl\ 
permits  me  to  switch  to  the 
CPO  mode  and  key  a  com- 
patible voltage  I  he  inverter 
provides  the  necessary  high 
for  thp  tone  generator  and 
pulser  In  tact,  the  inverters 
shown  but  not  mentioned 
are  also  placed  in  the  circuit 
just  to  make  sure  that  each 
device  receives  a  control- 
ling signal  of  the  proper 
high  or  low  state,  as  needed 
For  the  entire  unit,  a  rela- 
tively simple  power  suppk 
suffices.  The  five-volt  sup- 
ply needs  to  be  very  well  fil- 
tered (since  we  are  working 
with  audio  and  not  just  dig- 
ital signals)  and  well  regu- 
lated (for  TTL  chips)  In  fact, 
the  combined  digital-audio 
techniques  represent  a  sec- 
ond reason  for  calling 
CRASH  a  hybrid  circuit.  The 
negative  supply  is  uncritical; 
with  component  adjust- 
ment, anything  from  —  1 5  to 
—  50  volts  will  work. 

Circuit  Details 

Having  run  through  the 
entire  unit,  let  us  look  at 
some  of  the  circuit  details 
that  bear  mentioning,  either 
because  we  might  want  to 

73  Magazine  *  January,  1984     47 


SEE    TEXT   f  Ofl  NOTES  0* 
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46     73  Magazine  *  January,  1964 


Fig.  2.  Processing  and  audio  se&ions  of  CRASH 


.     .     .         • 


*    «    •    • 


experiment  with  them  or 
because  some  caution  may 
be  in  order  Fig.  2  will  aid 
us  here. 

The  567  tone  decoder 
chip  is  extremely  versatile, 
and  a  data  book  will  provide 
you  with  enough  informa- 
tion to  experiment  with  val- 
ues. The  frequency  range  of 
the  unit  with  the  resistor  and 
capacitor  values  shown  at 
pins  5  and  6  runs  from  a  lit- 
tle over  400  Hz  to  just  above 
3000  Hz.  The  last  thousand 
Hz  are  extremely  com- 
pressed, and  2000  Hz  is  the 
useful  upper  limit  for  tuning 
in  signals,  If  you  prefer  a  dif- 
ferent range,  the  frequency 
is  determined  by  the  for- 
mula F0  =  1  1-R1C1,  where 
R1  is  the  series-parallel  com- 
bination of  the  25k  pot  the 
120k  resistor,  and  the  3.3k 
resistor,  and  CI  is  1  uF  The 
minimum  resistance  should 
be  no  less  than  2k 

With  most  received  sig- 
nals, the  input  signal  level 
will  run  above  the  200-mV 
level  at  which  the  decoder 
limits  and  the  bandwidth 
levels  at  14%.  For  maximum 
speed  of  the  decoder,  that 
isr  the  fastest  rate  of  cycling 
in  response  to  received 
code,  C2,  the  bandwidth  fil- 
ter should  be  derived  from 
the  formula  C2  -  130uF/F1, 
where  F1  represents  the  low- 
est frequency  to  be  used. 
This  gives  a  value  of  325  uF, 
and  hence  the  .47-uF  ca- 
pacitor shown.  C3,  the  out- 
put Miter,  should  be  about 
twice  the  value  of  C2  as  a 
minimum,  hence  the  1-uF 
unit.  The  1-uF  feedback  ca- 
pacitor between  pins  8  and  1 
provides  suppression  of 
chatter,  that  is,  multiple  on- 
off  cycling  at  the  leading 
and  training  edges  of  the 
dots  and  dashes  (a  phenom- 
enon which  does  not  dis- 
turb the  tone  generator,  but 
\vhn  h  produces  some  unbe- 
lievable code-speed  indica- 
tions). Since  the  highest  cy- 
cling rate  for  the  unit  is  giv- 
en by  the  decoder  frequen- 
cy divided  by  20,  and  since 
for  practical  purposes  the 
highest  code  speed  is  about 
twice  this  value  (in  terms  of 


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fig,  X  Counter,  display,  and  power  supply  sections  oi  CRASH. 


dots  and  dashes,  not  in 
terms  of  bauds),  the  values 
shown  may  be  a  bit  low  for 
those  who  listen  to  lower- 
speed  code  in  the  main 
Static,  which  is  random  in 
tone  and  hence  sometimes 
is  in  the  passband  of  the 
decoder,  may  activate  both 
the  tone  generator  and  the 
counter.  Experimenting  with 
values  for  C2  (and  adjusting 
C3  accordingly)  can  over- 
come this  at  some  loss  of 
tracking  at  the  very  highest 
speeds  The  feedback  ca- 
pacitor should  also  be 
enlarged  in  such  cases. 

A  single  7414  chip  pro- 
v idt^  all  the  inverters  need- 
ed for  the  entire  unit  — with 
two  left  over  The  7414  in- 
verters are  Schmitt  triggers 
which  p  ro v  i  ci  e  e  x t  rem  e  I  y 
sharp  rise  and  fall  slopes, 
About  the  onlv  place  they 
are  essential  is  just  preced- 
ing the  pulser  to  sharpen  the 
rectified  audio  into  a  good 
digital  pulse  to  key  the  puls- 
er cleanly  The  two  inverters 
feeding  prn  4  of  the  tone 
generator  could  have  been 
combined  into  a  NAND  gate 
(V*  of  a  7400)  as  shown  in 
Fig,  4,  with  the  remaining 
sections  used  as  inverters  by 
tying  together  their  in- 
puts. This  would  have  saved 
the    use    of    diodes    and 


FROM 


567- PIN  e> 


74i4  HEX  tNVERTER 


tii_HI*-PIN  A  > 


BRJDGE    RECTIFIER 

FILTER   ANP  y 
glAS    ROT 


tuD^K  aaa-#iit3> 


■i>* — 

^[No^ 


TO 


IN9I4<21 


t         ,  ^  TONE   GENERATOR 


555 -PIN  A 


j|  IK 


PUL 

555- PIN  2 


k  LATCHES -74 TS» 
^  PINS  *.  rj 


SPARE  >■ 


->  SPAHf 


SPARE  y 


II^>*^ 


-$  SPACE 


567-PW  B  >- 


7400  QUAD  NAND 


TlL*(l$-*IH    *  >- 


L> 


v  TWiC   GENERATDR 


555-RIW  1 


BRIDGE   R£CT<Fl£*  fc 
BJAS   POT 


CLOCK  555- PfN  i> 


5P*RE  > 


LATCHES -74  75* 

PINS   4,  13 


->  SPAHE 


Fig,  4.  Using  a  74()()  in  pbce  oi  the  7414, 


the  Ik  ground-return  resis- 
tor. Either  system  should 
work  well 

All  of  the  555s  are  used  in 
standard  ways  as  either 
monostable  timers  or  as 
astable  oscillators.  Among 
the  monostables  are  the  re- 
lay drivers  The  first  has  a 
variable  time  period  of  .1  to 
5  seconds,  which  is  con- 
trolled from  the  front  panel 


*  * 


■  . 


•  • 


The  second  is  fixed  at  2  sec- 
onds This  system  is  more  re- 
liable  than  the  original, 
which  used  a  large  capacitor 
across  the  coil  of  the  relay. 
The  value  of  the  requisite 
capacitor  will  vary  accord- 
ing to  the  coil  characteris- 
tics; the  present  system 
makes  the  delay  in  opening 
the  speaker  to  receiver  au- 
dio independent  of  the  re- 

73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     49 


lay  The  lOOOhm  resistor 
between  the  output  diodes 
from  the  555s  and  the  relay 
may  require  some  adjust- 
ment depending  on  the  re- 
lay you  have  in  hand  The 
Auto  switch  is  a  spring  load- 
ed toggle  which  shorts  out 
the  resistors  and  keys  the 
relay  when  a  signal  has  acti 
vated  the  first  driver  Since 
the  voltage  needed  to  pull  in 
a  relay  is  greater  than  that 
needed  to  hold  it  in,  the  re- 
lay  remains  in  the  c  ir<  uit 
as  long  as  either  one  of  the 
drivers  is  activated  t  he  555 
is  triggered  faster  than  its 
output  Kills,  so  then*  is  no 
noticeable  voltage  drop  dur- 
ing the  transition  from  the 
first  to  the  second  driver 
The  Manual  switch  allov\^ 
you  to  hold  in  the  relay 
independently  of  the  Auto 
circuit 

The  other  nionostable 
555  is  the  pulser  whose 
10-millisecond  pulses  per- 
mit tracking  of  CW  tp  a  very 
high  speed 

The  tone  generator  is  a 
standard  audio  range  asta- 
ble  circuit  lor  the  555  Vol- 
ume and  tone  controls  are 
provided  on  the  front  panel 
With  the  \aiues  shown, 
tones  from  200  Hz  to  3000 
Hz  arv  available  Contfasl 
this  circuit,  where  the  wave 
has  nearly  equal  positive 
and  negative  halves  (or  near- 
ly equal  on  and  off  times), 
with  the  clock  555,  which 
places  the  large  resistor 
value  between  Vcc  and  pin 
7  Here  the  "on"  time  is  very 
long  and  the  "off"  time  very 
short,  The  4,7-second  on 
time  can  be  adjusted  using  a 
digital  stopwatch  (averaging 
several  tries)  or  by  allowing 
the  counter  to  show  the 
speed  of  a  known  trans- 
mission, such  as  a  timed 
code-practice  session  The 
1-meg  pot  shown  should  be 
a  miniature  trimmer  with  10 
to  15  turns;  otherwise,  the 
adjustment  will  be  very 
tricky.  The  ,01  capacitor 
from  the  clock  to  the  7490s 
provides  a  count -clearing 
pulse  that  drops  again 
through  the  resistor  to  per- 
mit gathering  a  new  count 

50     73  Magazine  *  January.  1984 


IHPUT 


220 


£2  00^ 

Hi — 


^Zp-F 


m 


JT 


OUTPUT 
4fl 


Fig.  5,  An  alternative  audio  amplifier. 


I  he  inverter  provides  the 
positive  pulse  to  the  latches 
to  clear  their  old  count  and 
take  on  a  new  one  for  dis- 
play At  the  7-segment  read- 
out, the  single  100-Qhm  re- 
sistor provides  a  simple 
means  of  lighting  ihe  units; 
however,  brightness  will 
vary  depending  on  how 
many  segments  are  lit  simul- 
taneously. For  constant 
brilliance,  use  a  tt.HJ-Ohm  re- 
sistor in  each  lettered  leg 
and  omit  the  100-Ohm  unit 
in  the  supply  line.  Note  that 
the  lead  zero  is  suppressed. 

The  schematic  shows  the 
units  in  reverse  order  of 
visual  indication  — be  sure 
to  get  the  tens  unit  on  the 
left.  For  common  cathode 
displays,  use  7448s  instead 
of  the  7447s  and  reverse  the 
supply  voltage 

Supplementing  the  basic 
( ir<  uit  are  a  number  of  fea- 
tures. The  optoisolator/cou- 
pler  permits  use  of  the  unit 
as  a  code-practice  oscil- 
lator I  he  internal  LED  of 
the  TIL-116  (or  just  about 
any  other  available  similar 
unit)  is  fed  negative*  voltage 
through  a  multi-turn  pot  trig- 
ger-level adjustment.  Use 
the  minimum  current  that 
will  key  the  output  transis- 
tor cleanly,  since  there  is 
little  load  on  the  circuit. 
The  47-Ohm  resistor  be- 
tween  the  pot  and  the 
IIL416  is  a  safety  feature 
limiting  the  maximum  cur 
rent  the  LED  can  draw. 

The  LM386  is  an  extreme- 
ly easy  chip  to  use  as  an  am- 
plifier It  provides  about  a 
quarter  Walt  of  power  at  5 
volts,  far  more  than  enough 
for  a  single  CW  tone.  The 
1-uF  capacitors  at  the  input 
make  triangles  out  of  the 
555  square  waves  Under 
load,  these  bend  into  hybrid 


sine  and  square  waves, 
which  are  very  pleasant  to 
listen  to  for  long  periods  of 
CW.  The  senes  resistor  and 
capacitor  to  ground  in  the 
output  might  be  omitted  at 
the  risk  of  what  National 
Semicondui  tor  calls  "bot- 
tom side  fuz/ies/'  a  distor- 
tion to  the  negative  peak  of 
the  waveform  I  was  able  to 
produce  this  effect  easily,  so 
I  recommend  retaining  this 
simple  insurance  of  good  re- 
production. If  you  desire 
more  power,  Fig.  5  shows  c\n 
alternative  amplifier  using 
the  LM383.  This  one  will  fill 
an  auditorium  with  sound  it 
your  speaker  is  big  and  good 
enough. 

The  transformer  and 
bridge  circuit  are  miniature 
parts,  the  transformer  being 
a  reversed  transistor  output 
unit  for  driving  speakers 
The  diodes  (like  all  others, 
except  in  the  power  supply) 
are  1N914  equivalents.  One 
uF  should  work  as  the  filter, 
but  you  might  wish  to  verify 
first  that  the  inverter  swings 
i  leanly  and  that  the  counter 
gives  accurate  readouts 
The  bias  pot  another  multt- 
turn  unit  should  be  set  for 
about  8  volts.  More  precise 
lyr  adjust  it  for  a  level  that 
permits  audio  signals  ol 
moderate  level  to  cleanly 
swing  the  inverter. 

Switching  within  the  unit 
may  look  complex,  but  actu- 
ally is  straightforward  The 
TX-CPO  4-pole,  2^osition 
rotary  changes  several 
things  at  once  The  speaker 
audio  reaches  the  decoder 
in  the  TX  position.  In  the 
CPO  mode,  the  amplifier 
(LM38&)  output  is  switched 
to  the  speaker  rather  than 
allowing  the  relay  to  con 
trol  tt  as  in  the  TX  mode 
The  key  is  switched  from  the 

•  ~  •  — /  ■  •  ■ 


TIL-116  circuit  (CPO)  to  the 
transmitter  {TX)  Finally,  a 
pair  of  LEDs  are  switched  to 
indicate  the  mode  Other 
^witches  are  the  two  relav 
driver  control  switches,  a 
DPDT  toggle  to  pi  act*  the 
audio  input  into  the  bridge 
and  counter  circuit  (with 
LEDs  to  indicate  what  is 
being  counted),  and  tl 
power  switch.  One  other 
LLD  appears  in  the  decoder 
circuit  to  give  a  visual  in- 
dication of  tone-decoder 
signal  lock  and  the  code  be- 
ing received. 

The  power  supply  is  nor- 
mal in  every  respect,  with  an 
LM309K  regulator  in  the 
+  5-volt  line  Note  the 
heavy  filtering  in  this  supply 
to  suppress  hum.  Those  who 
work  with  digital  circuits  are 
accustomed  to  using  about 
3000  uF  in  such  circuits,  but 
audio  requirements  are 
much  more  stringent.  The 
negative  supply  is  unregu- 
lated and  uses  a  small  trans- 
former trom  the  junk  box. 
Since  its  only  function  is  to 
provide  voltage  and  current 
to  the  optoisolater  couplt 
not  much  of  either  is  needed 
and  any  small  transformer 
from  1S  volts  up  will  work 
Although  the  LED  in  the 
TIL-11b  requires  only  about 
1.7  volts,  the  higher  initial 
voltage  provides  room  tor 
adjustment  of  LED  current 
to  the  lowest  level  that  will 
key  well 

Construction 

Duplication  or  CRASI  t  ex- 
actly as  shown  is  a  lairlv 
straightforward  task,  but  it 
may  not  be  the  best  way  for 
you  to  go  Many  ol  the  cir- 
cuits can  be  replaced  with 
others  you  prefer,  and  as 
long  as  each  works  at  TTL 
levels,  substitution  should 
present  rev\  problems  Man\ 
extra  features  can  be  built 
into  the  unit  to  serve  your 
CW  needs,  so  before  build- 
ing, try  modifying  the  design 
to  fit  your  desires.  After  all, 
this  is  how  CRASH  hap- 
pened in  the  first  place—  b\ 
a  combination  and  adaption 
of  ideas  used  by  WB4TYL 
and  K3BYM  The  odds  are 


HIQ  BALUN 


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tfcnvCnrq 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     51 


you  can  come  up  with  some 
new    design    wrinkles    and 

improvements; 

Construction  of  the 
CRASH  unit  is  a  matter  of 
taste  All  will  fit  in  a  Radio 
Shack  9  by  5"  by  6"  cabi- 
net, as  the  photo  shows  Fig. 
6  shows  a  sketch  of  a  layout 
for  inside  the  cabinet,  while 
Fig.  7  suggests  some  board 
layouts  by  reference  to  the 
ICs  Although  the  prototvj 
was  built  around  two 
boards  — one  for  processm 
the  other  for  the  counter  —  I 
recommend  using  three.  The 
processing  board  is  over- 
crowded alter  c  ircuit  modi- 
fication and  adjustment 

Radio  Shack  digital  exper- 
imenter   boards   [#276-1 56) 
for  use  with  edge  i  mine 
tors  £#276-1551)  make  con 
venient  bases  for  the  com- 
ponents, and  Hg  7  is  drawn 
with  these  boards  in  mind 
The  counter  board  contains 

the  74  the  74  net  the 
7447s  lined  up  in  rows  as  in 
the  m  hematic  The  ouputs 
to  the  display  board  use  a 
14-line  DIP  connr<  lor  set  A 
slightly  larger  set  would  per- 
mit running  t hi*  power  t\\u\ 
ground  <  onne<  lions  as  well 
1  he  [>rcx  esslng  board 
should  contain  the  r>*>7  de~ 

coder,    the    7414    mvertet 

t  hip,  the  555  pulsn,  the  r>r>r) 
i  lock,  the  transformer  and 
bridge  c i re  ml,  and  ihe 
TIHIboptoisQlatprs  A  sep- 
arate audio  board  should 
contain  the  SSS  |  genera 
tor  the  W6  amplifier,  and 
the   two   555   relay   drivers. 


TOP   IM$IG£    VPEW 
*E*  N     It  CL-T 

a an 


along  with  the  relay.  The 
three  boards  might  be 
mounted  vertically  in  the 
case.  The  power  supply  is 
built  on  pert  board  and 
mounted  on  standoffs  at  the 
bottom  of  the  case  for  good 

•ight  balance  The  displa\ 
board  also  uses  pert  mater  i 
al  and  is  held  to  the  front 
panel  by  standoffs  attached 
to  the  lugs  on  the  bezel  for 
the  readout,  Since  most 
bezels  are  large  enough  for 
up  to  six  digits  and  we  only 
need  two  for  this  project,  in- 
dicator LEDs  (six  of  them) 
are  mounted  on  the  display 
board  against  a  black  foam 
background  This  minimizes 
panel  work  and  makes  an  ef- 
fective blackout  displa\ 
when  power  is  off. 

Since  the  photo  of  the 
front  of  the  unit  was  taken 
before  the  addition  of  the 
lettering,  the  panel  control 
knobs  are  as  follow s  ?rom 
left  to  right:  decoder  fre- 
quency, relay  delay,  TX-CPO 
vitch  regenerator  me, 
and  regenerator  vol  urn 
The  toggle  switches  along 
the  bottom  of  the  panel  are, 
also  left  to  right,  ac  power, 
auto  relay,  manual  relay, 
and  audio-oscillator  count- 
ing, Were  I  to  build  a  sec- 
ond version  of  this  unit, 
about  the  only  change  I 
would  make  is  to  add  a  2  I 
or  i  1  vernier  to  the  decoder 
frequency  control,  sin<  e 
tuning  is  just  a  bit  tight  at 
higher  audio  frequenc  ies 

Because   the   unit    mi\es 
digital  and  audio  tunc  lions, 


n  i  m   sp*p  : 


STAUDOFF 
irPOt    CONNECTOR 


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TV 


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BOARD 


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© 

P0*£ft    SOP PL*    8GAHC 
tTO   FIT    P*M5J 

E-22  HAaO*A*£ 
AMD   &TAJ4M3FF3 

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© 

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AUDIO 

=  -  m c 


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PHQCES51MG 
BOARD 


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U  CONTROLS 


OtSPLAT  BEZEL 


it  is  easy  to  slip  into  digital 
habits  and  ignore  the  tact 
that  ground  loops  and  hum 
pickup  are  potential  prob- 
lems in  layout  Besides  using 
j  high  level  ot  filtering  in  the 
+  5-volt  supply,  some  extra 
precautions  will  minimize 
problems  Use  short  ground 
leads  and  attempt  to  ground 
all  parts  of  each  circuit  to  a 
common  pad  or  small  area, 
r.roup  the  main  audio  cir- 
cuits together  especially  the 
555  tone  generator  and  the 
UMi  audio  amplifier  Use 
shielded  leads  from  input 
and  output  terminals  to 
the  boards,  and  between 
boards,  for  all  audio  hn< 
On  each  board,  run  a  47hjF 
or  100-uF  electrolytic  to 
ground  at  the  power  entrv 
point  and  bypass  each  chip 
v\ith  at  least  a  01  uF  disc  ce- 
ramic capacitor 

Stm  e  you  will  be  using 
ihe  unit  in  the  presence  of 
your  transmitter  and  with 
the  keyline  running  into  the 
umtP  good  rt  practice  is  also 
essential  Bypass  both  ac 
lines  where  they  enter  the 

ise  with  (11 -u I  disc  ceram- 
ic (1000-volt  units,  which  are 

King  harder  to  find  at  dis- 
i  mint  prices},  Also  bypass 
I  he  key  jack  and  the  trans- 
mitter  |tu  k   with   .01    units. 

Since  rfcan  instantly  disable 

many  ICs,  especially  at 
transmitter  leakage  power 
levels,  the  more  bypassing, 
th  tier  ll  should  not  af- 
fect dc  levels  in  the  keying 
<  in  mis  When  you  develop 
your  own  layout,  be  gener- 


t  r 


3i* 


LEO*  AMD 


o         o        o 

«L  At  o  QVQumt 

LOCK 

P*«0  O         O      *fo COUNT 

al.tq    mMM   OS£ 


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Figk  b.  Genera/  layout  sketch  for  CRASH 
52     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


ous  in  this  department  It  in 
doubt,  bypass  it  Hnally,  be 
sure  the  case  is  at  dc  ground 
potential  Some  of  the  anod- 
i/ed  cases  make  it  difficult 
to  get  a  good  ground  con- 
tact, so  be  sure  to  use  a 
good  tooth  washer  at  con- 
tact points. 

Since  this  is  a  one-of- 
a-kind  unit  I  regret  that 
no  circuit  boards  are  avail 
able.  However,  The  Radm 
Shack  epow  experimenter 
boards  are  fun  to  use,  and 
where  perfboard  is  recom- 
mended, the  wiring  i^  eas\ 
and  straightforward  The 
toughest  problem  will  be 
to  have  patience  durir 
construction 

When  you  build  the  unit 

(if  you  do  build  one),  I 
recommend  one  ot  two  pro- 
cedures tither  build  the 
unit  a  stage  at  a  time,  or  at 
least  omit  the  power  lead 
every  chip  until  it  is  time  to 
check  out  ihe  circuit  The 
first  step,  as  m  all  proje*  ts( 
i>  to  build  and  test  power 
supplies.  Once  these  are 
ready,  we  can  work  pro- 
gressively through  the  rest 
of  the  stages, 

A  good  place  to  start  is 
with  the  counter  board, 
which  can  be  built  com- 
plete, along  with  the  srv>  n 
segments  of  the  display 
board  Since  there  are  tew 
components  besides  j unifi- 
ers between  ICs,  visual  in- 
spection should  prepare  you 
for  testing  under  power 
Next,  verify  the  clock  SSS  as 
operating  by  checking  its 
output  (and  the  output  from 
its  inverter  section)  with  a 
\  TVM  If  all  is  wellT  connect 
to  the  counter  board  Only 
the  right  (ones)  digit  should 
light  and  show  zero  (al- 
though there  may  be  a  spuri- 
ous  count  when  power  is  ap 
plied]  For  test  purposes,  you 
can  key  5  volts  through  a  re 
sistor  (say  Ik) to  the  counter 
input  to  verify  counting.  If 
all  is  well,  time  the  counter 
with  a  stopwatch  An  eas\ 
way  to  check  periods  is 
tap  the  key  a  few  times 
that  the  count  changes  at 
the  end  ot  the  period    Ihe 


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Phone  (305)  894-3238 

Fla.  WATS  1-800-432  9424 

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Phone  (312)  631-5181 

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^See  List  of  Aav#rrtMfs  on  page  t  i4 


73  Magazine  *  January,  1984     53 


RAO  10   SMACK    27E-156 

DIGITAL   E » PER i MENTAL   ETCHED  BOARDS 

I 


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ftTET?      PULSE" 
74J*  ue-S33 


OPTO-COUPLEB 

4J4-TIL-H* 


CLOCK 

119- SM 


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TSj^sroHME& 

AMD    BRIDGE 

1*0*  22  Pm  EMC  CQ*n*C*0*s: 


PROtCSSlNG    BOARD 


l|EL*f  tm*Vt-  T0*i£  GENERATOR 


it   DRIVES2  AUDIO  AWPLtFIEfl 

U3-555  LJ7-LM3GG 


flELAt 


DRIVER  LATCH  COUHTEH 

UI4-T447      UIZ-7A75       U  10^4  90 


TENS 


PLUS 


i 


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cownto.  ea^e  ticks 


U15-7AAT     UIB-TAT^       Ul  1-7*90 

0«rvEii       lat»        cotprtEH 


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AUDIO   BO AfTO 


CDUMTER   BOARD 


/  fg    .  Suggested  hoard  layouts  tor  CRASH. 


targei  fof  reasonably  at  c  u- 
rate  i ode-speed  readouts  is 
4,8  seconds  per  total  cycle 
The  next  step  is  Eo  verify 
the  tSS  tone  generator  In 
the  absence  of  the  tone  de- 
coder and  rtL-116  keyer, 
key  the  tone  generator  by 
applying  +  5  volts  to  pin  4 
When  you  are  satisfied  with 
its  volume  and  tone  ranges, 
add  the  i8h  amplifier  If  you 
have  a  st  ope,  vou  can  c  heck 

the   waveform    and    adjust 
the   capacitor  network   be 
tueen  the  555  and  the  iHt>  to 
suit  your  taste  The  555  can 

overdrive  the  386,  so  check 
the  output  with  a  scope  it 
you  can  Adjust  the  cou- 
pling capacitor  (shown  as 
.02  ul  in  the  schematic)  so 
thai  the  waveform  just  be- 
gins to  flatten  at  full 
volume 

At  this  point,  vou  can 
move  in  several  directions 
according  to  your  prefer- 
ence Now  is  a  good  time  to 
wire  the  TX-CPO  switch  and 
adjust  theTIL-llboptoisola- 
tof/coupler  Begin  with  max- 
imum resistance  on  the  20k 

multi-turn  pot  and  reduce 
the  resistance  until  pm  4  of 
the  Til  -1  lb  shows  clean  key- 
ing without  hanging,  as  indi- 
cted by  a  VTVM  The  ob- 
ject here  is  to  get  clean  key- 
ing of  the  tone  generator 
with  minimum  current  to 
the  LED.  Since  the  inverter 
requires  little  current  from 
the  phototransistor  output 
of  the  riL-116.  there  is  lit- 
tie  need  to  overdrive  the 
system 

We  can  now'  count  our 
own  code  speed  as  we  key 

54     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


the  optocoupler,  since  the 
inverter  which  keys  the  puU- 
er  is  driven.  Adjust  the  bias 
10k  multi-turn  pot  until  the 
output  of  the  inverter  (pin  9) 
also  shows  clean  keying 
without  hanging,  as  indi- 
cated on  a  VTVM  About  8 
volts  of  bias  will  suffice,  and 
we  will  readjust  this  control 
in  a  moment  h>i  nowp  we 
should   st»e  our  code-speed 

readout  on  the  seven-seg- 
ment displays  every  4  8  sec- 
onds To  be  sure  that  count- 
ing is  good,  key  the  unit  a 
known  number  of  times 
(that  is.  J  to  12  or  so  dots) 
Within  a  counting  period 
and  wait  for  the  i<*adout  to 
correspond.  In  this  way,  we 

in  check  that  the  <  ounter 
and  pulser  art1  giving  us 
proper  performance. 

At  this  point  wire  the  AF- 
OSC  switch  and  the  input  to 
the  transformer.  The  OSC 
position  is  blank,  since  the 
incoming  count  connection 
is  made  direc  tl\  to  the 
pulser's  inverter,  Audio  from 
the  speaker,  however,  goes 
directly  to  the  transformer 
through  the  switch  to  count 
the  sidetone  oscillator  dur- 
ing transmit  periods  or  to 
count  received  signals  when 
the  band  is  clear.  An  audio 
generator  with  a  few  volts 
output  at  low  impedance 
will  aid  you  to  readjust  the 
bias  10k  pot  so  that  the  key- 
ing is  c  lean  Weak  signals 
may  not  push  the  voltage  to 
the  inverter  high  enough  to 
trigger  the  inverter,  but  once 
connected  to  the  receiver, 
the  sidetone  should  key  the 
counter    easily.    >  uu    may 


want  to  tweak   this  atjjusl 
ment  later  when  the  unit  is 
nnected  to  the  station  n 
We  have  saved  the  ton** 
decoder  567  for  last    Using 
the  audio  generator  so  that 
the  %7  has  about  2  volts  at 
its  input  am\  with  the  1 
(  PO  switch  in  the  TX  posi- 
tion, locate  and  lock  the  an 
djo  signal  with  the  frequeu 
cy  control,  700  to  900  H/ 
should     put     the    control 
about    midrange   using   the 
-'■ries-parallel  resistor  com- 
bination given    If  you   ke\ 
the  audio  line,  the  tone  gen- 
erator  should   follow  vyith 
out    delay    and    the   count 
should  be  art  urate    It   the 
i  uunt  goes  very  High,  even 
at  slow  keying,  you  proba- 
bly are  experien<  ing  «.  battel 
and  may  want  to  increa 
the  feedbac  k  capacitor  be- 
tween pins  8  and  1  from  the 
I  uF  value  shown    The  LI 
from  Vcc  to  pin  B  should 
also  track  the  keying 

Assuming  that  all  is  well 
to  this  point  check  the  unit 
wilh  on-the-air  signals  on  a 
1 , i i r I y  clear  band    If  the  567 
responds    loo    readily 
noise  (anything  from  QRN 
to   internal    receiver   pop 
you  may   want  to  increa 
the  values  of  the  capacitors 
at  pins  2  and  1  ot  the  567,  re- 
membering   to    keep    (I 
larger  about  twice  the  value 
of  the  smaller    I  his  will  slow 
down  the  response  of  567. 
We  cannot  eliminate  all  re- 
sponse to  noise  without  cut 

ting  off  higher   speed  CU 
but  we  can  find  values  that 
will  keep  the  counts  fairly 

accurate  and  eliminate  hash 


trom  the  keying  of  the  tone 
generator 

At  this  point,  the  CRASH 
unit  should  be  operational 
and  ready  for  dial  decals, 
t  asp  covering,  and  regular 
Lise  in  the  shack 

Operation  and 
Modification  of  CRASH 

Operating  CRASH  is  sim- 
ple  but   requires  some  ad- 
justment   ot    your    habits 
When   receiving   tVY     find 

the  desired  signal  with  the 
irequemv  *ontrol  The  II  D 
will  trac  k  the  code  when  the 
Signal  is  m  the  passband  of 
the  567  It  the  signal  drifts, 
it  is  probably  better  to  ig- 
nore   the    regenerator    and 

ncenlrale  on  the  station 
Stable  signals,  however,  will 
stay  in  the  passband  Once 
the  signal  is  acquired,  use 
either  the  auto  or  the  man- 
ual  toggles  to  swik  h  to  tl 
regenerator 

Since  CW  without  QKM 
and  QRN  sounds  strange  at 
first,  you  may  initially  dis- 
like the  effect  Part  ot  learn- 
ing  to  like  i  lear  reception  is 
i  (loosing  tone  and  volume 
setting  that  ptease  your 
ears.  You  nia\  find  that  you 
prefer  a  lower  volume  than 
with  received  signals,  and 
the  tone  \  ou  f  hoose  may  be 
something  differenl  from 
where  you  usually  tune  sig- 
nals m  the  receiver  pass- 
band     Experimenting   with 

gnals  on  relatively  clear 
bands  is  the  best  wa\  to 
match  the  unit  to  your 
preference 

Although  the  567  lone  de- 
coder accepts  a  wide  range 
of  input  levels,  receiver 
characteristics  limit  the  use- 
ful range  Weak  signals  he 
u>nd  the  recei\  igt  limit 
can  fade  below  the  567's 
ability  to  lock,  and  e  s»ve 
volume  may  be  accom- 
panied by  enough  noise 
pulses  to  hold  in  the  relay 
continuously!  even  without 
a  signal  I  he  level  t  ontrot 
can  be  adjusted  to  provide 
the  567  with  input  voltages 
tailored  to  your  own  habits 
uith  the  receiver  volume 
control  However,  you  rnav 
have  to  adjust  receiver  vol- 
ume to  suit  the  567  if  you  of- 


ten  move  trom  noisy  bands 
with  high  signal  levels,  like 
80  meters,  to  quiet  bands 
with  weak  signals,  such  as  1 5 
meters  in  the  evening  Con- 
siderabie  experience  using 
the  CRASH  unit  may  be 
needed  before  you  settle  on 
the  final  compromise  set- 
ting of  the  level  pot 

Although  the  unit  oper- 
ates well  as  is,  CRASH  is  a 
good  project  for  trying  out 
new  ideas  For  example.  Fig 
8  shows  the  insertion  of  an 
amplifier  to  isolate  the  au- 
dio to  the  speaker  from  th*- 
inputs  of  the  transformer 
a\u\  the  567,  Any  amplifier 
which  limits  the  voltage  at 
the  output  in  a  controllable 
way  should  work  here.  Fig.  8 
also  shows  an  extra  transis- 
tor in  the  rela\  <  ireuit,  in 
case  you  wish  to  drive  rela\  - 
of  other  than  5  volts,  or  in 
case  you  want  to  drive  a 
heavier  load. 

In  addition  to  these  op- 
tions, which  have  been  tried 
but  are  not  used  in  this  ver- 
sion, the  CRASH  unit  pro- 
vides possibilities  for  exter- 


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I  if>.  8.  Some  modifications  to  CRASH. 


ruil  connections.  Since  the 
567  bandwidth  is  narrow 
and  its  output  is  digital,  the 
unit  can  also  be  used  to  kr\ 
other  devices  Fig.  8  shows 
inverters  as  buffers  to  othei 
devices,  such  as  a  MORSE- 
ASCII  converter  system  for 
1 1 Revision  or  a  computer 
readout  of  theCW  How  you 
do  this  ts  open  to  many  op- 


tions, and  a  system  is  under 
development  here  for  driv- 
ing a  TRS-dO  II L  Once  you 
have  brought  the  unit  this 
far,  then  computer  keying, 
automatic  logging,  and 
other  station  conveniences 
are  only  a  dream  and  a 
soldering  iron  away. 

In  short,  the  CRASH  unit 
not  only  works  well  as  a  CW 


regenerator  and  code  speed- 
ometer, but  it  also  forms 
the  basis  for  a  number  of 
other  station  options.  But 
that  is  the  way  it  usually 
goes  with  ham  projects:  One 
thing  leads  to  another  and 
nothing  is  ever  finished  for 
good.  There  is  no  telling 
what  a  good  CRASH  will 
lead  to  next  ■ 


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Using  a  microcomputer 
to  assist  in  designing 
circuits  is  a  natural  I  recog- 
nized this  shortly  after  ac- 
quiring my  Apple  computer 
and  proceeded  to  build  a  li- 
brary of  electronic-design 
programs.  My  library  covers 
sue  h  things  as  audio  filters, 
timers,  multivibrators,  and 
many  op-amp  cin  cuts.  Most 
of  the  programs  were  en- 
tered from  magazine  arti 
<  les  such  as  those  found  in 


back  issues  of  73.  These  pro- 
grams are  a  real  asset  when 
designing  or  trying  to  "ball- 
park" component  sizes  for  a 

particular  applu  ation. 

As  helpful  as  these  pro- 
grams are,  they  have  one 
major  weakness;  They  have 
no  way  of  displaying  the  t  ir- 
ruit  diagram.  To  make  mat- 
ters worse,  they  usually  refer 
to  components  as  "R1"  nr 
"C3."  To  find  out  where 
"C3"  is  located  in  the  circuit, 
you  have  to  find  the  article 
from  which  you  entered  the 
program  and  hope  that  the 
author  included  a  circuit 
diagram  with  all  of  the  com* 


fig.  1,  Schematic  of  an  active  audio  filter  as  it  would  appear 
within  a  program.  This  is  typical  of  the  type  of  schematic 
which  may  be  incorporated  in  your  programs. 

56     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


ponents  labeled  correctly.  If 
you  are  like  me,  you  will 
probably  find  that  you  lent 
that  particular  magazine  to 
a  friend  who  just  left  town 
for  a  sabbatical  in  South 
America! 

Well,  hang  on,  help  is  on 
the  way.  This  article  de- 
scribes how  you  can  incor- 
porate that  schematic  dia- 
gram within  your  program 
so  thai  it  will  be  available  at 
the  touch  of  a  button. 

I  have  devised  a  system 
that  uses  the  excellent 
HIRI-S  capability  ot  the  Ap- 
ple It  to  your  best  advan- 
tage. I  decided  that  the  sys- 
tem to  be  used  should  be 
fairly  easy  to  implement;  I 
did  not  want  to  spend  hours 
entering  a  diagram  for  each 
program.  !  needed  a  system 
that  would  be  flexible  so 
thiil  I  could  enter  all  types 
of  electrical  schematics,  not 
just  one  unique  circuit  Last* 
lv.  the  system  had  to  allow 
me  to  enter  fairly  complex 
circuits. 

With  all  of  these  points  in 
mind,  I  embarked  on  a  six- 
month  project  to  develop 
the  system  described  here.  I 
call  it  my  'JECC'f  (Electronic 
Graphics  Generator),  and  it 
really  works. 

The  EGG  is  nothing  more 
than  a  shapefile  with  up  to 


200  shapes  and  a  system  to 
map  the  shapes  onto  the 
HIRES  screens.  (Currently 
there  are  135  shapes  in  the 
shapefile  but  I  have  set  up 
the  file  to  handle  up  to  200 
for  any  future  expansion  ) 
The  first  59  shapes  are  char- 
acters generated  by  the  Ap- 
ple's text  generator  These 
shapes  are  used  for  labeling 
circuits  and  components 
and  for  any  text  desired  on 
the  HIRES  screen  with  the 
circuit  diagram.  Shapes  60 
through  65  are  Greek  letters 
common  to  electrical  dia- 
grams (such  as  lambda  for 
wavelength),  trf>  through  99 
are  the  actual  electrical 
components,  and  the  re- 
maining shapes  are  used  for 
connec  ting  the  components 
and  drawing  rectangles  rep 
resenting  ICs. 

The  Apple  HIRES  screen 
dimensions  are  280  points 
horizontal  by  192  points  ver- 
tical I  used  these  dimen- 
sions to  determine  the  opti- 
mum si/e  tor  each  shape  in 
my  shapefile  Each  shape  is 
drawn  within  a  grid  that  is  15 
X15  with  the  origin  of  the 
shape  located  at  the  center 
of  this  grid  Using  these  di- 
mensions, I  could  accom- 
modate 18  shapes  horizon- 
tally and  12  shapes  vertical- 
ly for  a  total  of  216  shapes 


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Table  1.  These  are  the  shapes  in  theshapefile  along  with  their  respective  shapenumbers.  You  may  add  an  additional  sixty-five 
shapes  to  the  file  if  you  can  think  of  any  to  add. 


on  each  screen  With  two 
HIRES  screens  available,  I 
could  have  up  to  432  com- 
ponents in  my  circuit,  more 
than  enough. 

Practically  speaking,  the 
number  of  components  you 
will  be  able  to  fit  on  the 
screen  will  be  much  less  as 
labels  and  connecting  lines 
take  up  some  space.  To 
date,  the  largest  diagram  I 
have  used  contained  28 
components  c\nc\  it  easily  fit 
onto  one  screen.  With  a  lii- 
tle  effort  you  should  be  able 
to  gel  as  many  as  50  compo- 
nents on  a  screen  and  still 
have  them  labeled  properly. 
Fig.  1  is  an  active  audio  filter 
which  I  recently  used  in  a 
progratii  As  you  can  see, 
this  is  a  moderately  complex 
circuit    but    it    fits    on    the 


screen  well  and  all  of  the 
components  are  easilv 
recognizable. 

As  mentioned,  the  shapes 
are  all  centered  in  a  square 
measuring  15  spaces  times 
15  spaces.  This  is  an  impor- 
tant point  and  I  want  to  ex- 
plain it  in  more  detail  If  you 
examine  shape  76,   a  stan- 


dard diode,  you  will  not  ice 
that  the  leads  are  centered 
on  the  15x15  grid.  I  have 
enlarged  this  in  Hg.  2  so  it 
may  be  seen  more  readily. 
You  will  find  thai  all  oi  ilu- 
components  have  their 
leads  exiting  on  a  center 
line,  either  horizontal  or  ver 
trcal  If  I  draw  two  of  shape 


76  and  each  is  rotated  90  de- 
grees, with  one  centered  15 
spaces  above  the  other,  the 
leads  will  appear  to  connect 

as  shown  in  Hg.  2.  Havinu 
the  origin  of  all  of  the 
shapes  located  in  the  center 
allows  us  to  use  the  ROT  (ro- 
tate) command  so  that  we 
can    draw    the    diode    as 


oi 


i 
2 

3 
4 

5 

6 

7 

to 
II 

■3 
14 
11 


F    I     M    5    6     7   |     »  10  11  IZ  IJ   W   15 


• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

■— 

*  •  • 

• 

• 

• 

• 

m, 

• 

* 

• 

• 

* 

• 

SHAPE   76 
ftOT  -16 


SHAPE  76  f 

HOT  ■  46 


&} 


•■*  • 

!**■  f 

• » •  ■  *  *  *  * 

■ 
• 
* 
• 
a 
m 
m 

•  • 

*  ■* 
■  *»• 

•  ■  •  ■  • 

*  *#■*# 

•  • 


• 
* 
■ 
m 
• 
• 
* 
• 
• •  **• ■ ■• 

SHAPE    106 
HOT  »Q 


SHAPE    I  CO 
HOT  -O 


Fig.  2,(a)  Shape  #76  as  it  would  appear  under  a  magnifying  glass,  (b)  This  drawing  shows  how 
the  shapes  are  rotated  and  combined  to  form  schematics. 

73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     57 


shown,  and  you  will  find 
that  the  leads  exit  the  grid 
centered  on  either  side.  By 
maintaining  this  convention 
throughout  the  shapefile,  I 
have  made  it  possible  to 
draw  any  of  the  components 
in  any  of  four  orientations 
with  their  leads  available  for 
easy  connection  to  the  next 
component 

By  now  you  should  have  a 
good  idea  of  how  the  shape* 
file  is  set  up.  Next,  I  will  de- 
scribe how  to  use  it  to  get 
diagrams  into  your  pro- 
grams There  are  two  meth- 
ods. One  is  quick  from  a  pro- 


gramming point  of  view  but 
takes  longer  to  execute  and 
uses  more  room  on  your 
diskettes-  The  other  takes  a 

little  longer  to  program  but 
executes  quickly  and  takes 
little  storage  room. 

The  first  method  is  to  use 
the  schematic  draw-and-edit 
program  accompanying  this 
article  This  program  makes 
it  very  easy  to  draw,  label, 
and  edit  a  diagram,  Once 
the  diagram  is  drawn,  the  en- 
tire map  of  the  HIRES 
screen  is  saved  to  disk.  This 
method  is  quick.  (The 
schematic    jn    Fig     1    took 


about  ten  minutes  to  draw 
and  edit  using  the  EGG  pro- 
gram  )  The  main  drawback 
to  this  method  is  that  each 
screen  must  be  loaded  from 
disk  when  needed.  It  takes 
about  34  sectors  to  store  this 
much  information,  and  it 
takes  about  8  seconds  to 
read  it  in  from  disk.  This 
8-second  delay  in  the  middle 
of  a  program  is  mildly  dis- 
concerting but  certainly  ac- 
ceptable. 

The  second  method  is  to 
enter  into  your  program  the 
necessary  BASIC  language 
statements    to    draw    the 


shapes  during  program  exe- 
cution. Using  this  second 
method  to  generate  the  dia- 
gram of  Fig.  1  took  less  than 
one  second  during  program 
execution  but  requires 
about  thirty  minutes  of  pro- 
gramming 

Using  the  EGG  program  is 
really  quite  easy  as  it  is 
menu -driven  and  contains 
many  useful  edit  com- 
mands. There  are  two  levels 
of  menus,  The  first  level  is 
used  to  select  which  HIRES 
screen  you  are  interested  in 
using  and  the  second  level 
allows  selection  of  various 


Program  listing  I,  This  is  the 
actual  shapetable.  This 
should  be  entered  exactly  as 
shown  beginning  at  address 
hex  &)0Q. 


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58     73  Magazine  •  January,  1964 


operating  modes.  From  this 
second  level  you  may  save  a 

HIRES  screen  to  disk  or  load 
one  into  memory  from  disk, 
and  you  may  enter  a  new 
schematic,  edit  one  already 
in  memory,  or  return  to  the 
first  menu.  If  you  select  the 
enter  or  edit  mode,  you  will 
next  see  the  HIRES  screen 
either  blank  or  with  the  last 
schematic  you  put  there 
You  also  will  see  a  small  ar- 
row and  a  three<ligit  num- 
ber in  the  upper-left  corner 
of  the  screen  The  arrow  in- 
dicates the  rotation  applied 
to  the  next  shape  to  be 
drawn,  and  it  may  be  turned 
by  pressing  the  R  key.  The 


three-digit  number  shows 
the  shape  number  to  plot 
next. 

To  plot  a  shape,  move  the 
cursor  to  the  desired  place 
on  the  screen  using  the  I,  J, 
K,  and  M  keys.  Enter  the 
shape  number  and  push  P 
[Plot).  Some  other  available 
commands  are  Erase,  Finish, 
and  Text,  This  last  com- 
mand puts  you  into  the  text 
mode  so  that  you  can  add 
text  to  your  schematic. 

The  edit  commands  in  the 
text  mode  are  similar  to 
those  in  the  diagram  mode 
except  that  you  use  the 
CTRL  key  to  get  the  function 
desired.  To  get  the  text  onto 


the  screen,  just  type  the 
characters  desired  and  they 
will  be  plotted  automatical- 
ly. In  both  text  and  diagram 
modes  you  can  move  the 
cursor  through  your  drawing 
without  affecting  the  draw- 
ing. 1  have  included  a  com- 
prehensive set  of  instruc- 
tions within  the  program 
and  about  two  minutes  of 
practice  is  all  vou  will  need 
to  start  diagramming.  If  you 
don't  feel  up  to  entering  the 
ECC  utility,  you  can  always 
use  the  second  method  of 
putting  the  diagram  into 
your  programs. 

Get  some  graph  paper  (I 
use    paper    with    ha  If -inch 


squares).  Position  the  paper 
with  the  long  side  horizontal 
and  draw  a  grid  of  half-inch 
blocks  so  that  you  have  16 
columns  and  12  rows.  Draw 
a  heavy  line  between  the 
second  and  third  row  from 
the  bottom.  This  line  is  the 
bottom  of  the  page  1  screen. 
Starting  at  the  top  left;  label 
the  first  column  15,  the  sec- 
ond column  30,  the  third 
column  45,  and  so  on  until 
the  last  column  is  labeled 
270  Starting  at  the  top  left. 
label  the  rows  in  a  similar 
fashion  so  that  the  bottom 
row  is  labeled  180,  Next  you 
should  make  copies  of  this 
as  it  is  your  worksheet  for 


Program  listing  2.  This  is  a  listing  of  the  timer  program  dis- 
cussed in  the  text  It  works  well;  give  it  a  try  the  next  time  you 
are  playing  with  a  555  timer  chip. 


13 

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73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     59 


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Fig.  3.  Example  of  the  worksheet  discussed  in  the  text  The  diagram  is  that  of  the  schematic 
used  in  the  timer  program  listed  with  this  article. 


drawing    and    inputting 
schematics.  {See  Fig.  3J 

As  an  example  of  how  to 
correctly  use  the  worksheet. 
I  have  included  my  timer 
program  in  Fig.  3  and  will 
step  you  through  the  proce- 


dure for  implementing  the 
schematic  in  that  program. 
Notice  that  each  shape  mak- 
ing up  the  circuit  is  centered 
within  a  block  so  that  its 
leads  will  exit  in  !he  middle 
of  a  side  rather  than  at  a  cor- 


ner. First  draw  the  diagram 
on  the  worksheet  using  only 
shapes  from  the  shapefile 
Next,  label  each  shape  with 
its  corresponding  number. 
Now  enter  any  labels  or  text 
desired. 


The  next  step  is  to  enter 
the  worksheet  information 
into  your  program-  In  my  ex- 
ample program  (Program 
listing  2\  the  HIRtS  portion 
is  located  beginning  on  line 
4000  and  extends  to  the  end 
of  the  program  Lines  4500 
through  4590  draw  the  actu- 
al shapes.  The  easiest  way  to 
do  this  is  draw  all  of  the 
shapes  on  each  worksheet 
row  using  one  program  line 
This  speeds  up  the  program- 
ming process  considerably 
when  it  comes  to  editing. 
Sometimes,  when  a  row  has 
only  one  shape,  I  will  in- 
clude that  shape  with  the 
next  row  (such  *is  line  4510 
which  draws  the  shapes  for 
rows  30  and  45) 

Lines  4200  through  4275 
are  a  subroutine  which 
makes  the  printing  of  text 
very  easy  It  takes  the  string 
P$  and  prints  it  with  normal 
character  spacing  beginning 
at  the  last  values  of  X  and  V 
This  subroutine  will  allow 
you  to  input  only  one  line  of 
text   at   a   time.   Additional 


Program  listing  3,  Here  is  the  ECC  draw-and-edit  program  list- 
ing. See  fexf  for  a  description  of  how  it  works. 

ICW      .  :  i  HR*    <4U    DIM  hi  n      I     i 

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60     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


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lines  may  be  processed  au- 
tomatically by  incrementing 
Y  when  the  value  of  X  gets  to 
274.  Lines  4280  through 
4350  print  the  header  on  the 
diagram  using  P$  and  the 
line  4200  subroutine.  Lines 
4600  through  to  the  end  are 
the  labels  for  the  schematic 
and  the  remainder  of  the 
text  on  the  HIRES  screen, 

The  schematic  for  my 
timer  program  is  small 
enough  so  that  I  was  able  to 
use  HIRES  page  1  and  use 
the  four  text  lines  at  the  bot- 
tom for  my  calculations. 
This  is  a  very  convenient  set- 
up as  I  can  see  the  diagram 
at  the  same  time  I  am  calcu- 
lating values.  To  get  the 
most  out  of  the  four  lines 
below  the  HIRES  screen,  I 
put  the  column  headings  di- 
rectly on  the  HIRES  screen 
at  the  bottom.  Most  of  my 
programs  with  schematics 
require  that  the  calculations 
be  displayed  on  page  1  of 
text  while  the  schematic  is 
on  the  full-screen  HIRES 
page  2    In  these  programs  I 


include  a  small  subroutine 
which  allows  me  to  flip  be- 
tween the  schematic  and 
the  calculations  This  is  ac- 
complished by  checking 
each  input  to  the  calcula- 
tions for  an  ESC  When  one 
is  encountered,  use  the  "soft 
switches'  described  on 
pages  12  and  13  of  the  Ap- 
ple reference  manual  to  dis- 
play the  desired  HIRES 
page.  To  return  to  the  calcu- 
lations, use  the  same  sys- 
tem. Check  for  the  ESC  key 
to  be  depressed,  then  use 
the  soft  switches  to  display 
text  page  1 .  This  method  will 
leave  your  calculations  in- 
tact while  you  examine 
the  circuit  and  you  will  have 
to  draw  the  circuit  only 
once  as  it  is  preserved 
unchanged, 

Most  of  the  shapes  in  the 
shapefile  are  self-explanato- 
ry, but  there  are  a  few  re- 
quiring comments.  Shape  70 
is  a  variable  resistor.  If  you 
connect  a  lead  to  the  left 
side,  it  will  appear  as  a  regu- 
lar potentiometer  Shape  79 


P  U L  S  E   GEN E  R h TO R   D E  S I G H 
555      I  HER   L-HIP 


D  R  + 


S I GNAL 

OUT  o 


r  "  .' 


■  P  P 


DUTY 

CYCLE 


C| 
UF 


Rl 


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R 
OHMS 


-- 
£ 


Fig.  4,  Actual  HIRES  screen  of  the  schematic  used  in  the  timer 
program.  See  Fig.  3  for  the  worksheet  used  to  develop  this 
schematic, 


can  be  used  for  coils,  trans- 
formers, or  chokes.  Shapes 
84,  85,  and  86  are  leads  to  be 
used  with  the  op  amp,  shape 
83.  Using  these  leads  will  al- 
low you  to  connect  the  op 
amp  to  other  components 
using  the  standard  configu- 
ration. Shape  88  is  a  bridge 
rectifier,  while  shape  89  can 


be  used  for  meters  and  other 
round  items. 

Shapes  93  through  CJ9  are 
for  transistors  and  II. Ts,  To 
draw  a  transistor,  you  must 
combine  tour  shapes,  but 
they  make  very  nice  I  ran  sis- 
tors.  I  use  shapes  116 
through   119   to   draw    ICs 


&Z2*  CI 


! 


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657*1 


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64  lH 
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73  Magazine  *  January,  1984    61 


WATCH  FOR  HAL'S  NEW  PRODUCTS 


HAL  2304  MHZ  DOWN  CONVERTERS  (Ft  <:Q  RANGE  2000-2500  MHz) 

2304  MODEL  »1  KIT  BASIC  UNIT  W'PREAMr-*  LESS  HOUSING  fi.  FITTINGS $19.95 

2304  MODEL  02  KIT  (with  preamp) $29.95 

2304  MODEL  #3  KIT  (with  High  Gain  prearm.i  $39,95 

MODELS  2  &  3  WITH  COAX  FITTINGS  IN  A  OUT  AND  WITH  WEATHER  PROOFED  DIE 
CAST  HOUSINGS 


BASIC  POWER  SUPPLY 

POWER  SUPPLY  KIT  FOB  ABOVE  WITH  CASE 

FACTORY  WIRED  *  TESTEO 

ANTENNAS  4  OTHER  ACCESSORIES  AVAILABLE.  SEND  FOR  MORE  INFO. 


SI  9.95 
524  95 
S3C95 


2100-2500  MHZ 


•HMR-II  COMPLETE  UNIT 

COMPLETE  SYSTEM  AS  SHOWN.  NOT  A  KIT.  INCLUDES 
A  PC  BOARD,  POWER  SUPPLY,  CABLES  & 
CONNECTORS -PRE  ASSEMBLED  AND  TESTED  24dB 
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-Muftltl  $89,95  41. 

5  or  ittdfft  units  .  .  .  . 579,95  *a. 

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PRE-SCALER  KITS 

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;  same  as  above  by*  wtrhprearnp}    . ,  . 


SI  4.95 
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TOUCH  TONE  DECODER  KIT 

HfGHLY  STABLE  DECODER  KIT  COMES  WITH  2  &0ED  PLATED  THRU  AND  SOLDER 
FLOWED  &10  PC  BOARD.  7&T%  2-7402.  AND  ALL  ELECTRONIC  COMPONENTS, 
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DELUXE  12BUTTON  TOUCHTONE  ENCODER  KIT  UTILIZING  THE  NEW  ICM  7206  CHIP 
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HAL  ECD— 16  LINE  DELUXE  ENCODER  INCLUDES  PC  BOARD,  ALL  PARTS  L  CASE 

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HAL  ECD— 12  LINE  DELUXE  ENCODER  COMPLETE  WITH  PC  BOARD,  ALL  PARTS  & 
CASE  529.95 

ACCUKEYER  (KIT)  THJS  ACCUKEYER  fS  A  REVISED  VERSION  OF  THE  VERY  POPULAR 
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ACCUKEYER -MEMORY  OPTION  KIT  PROVIDES  A  SIMPLE,  LOW  COST  METHOD  OF 
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PRICE       56,50  BUT  ONY  S4.50  WHEN  BOUGHT  WITH  CLOCK. 

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HAL-  HAtOlD  C    NOWIANO 
WfZXM 


HalTronix 

P.O.  BOX  1101 

SOLTTHGATE,  MICK  48196 
PHONE  (313)  285-1782 


This  allows  enough  room  to 
label  the  pins  clearly  The  re- 
mainder of  the  shapes 
should  be  fairly  self-explan- 
atory, and  if  you  are  not  sure 
about  what  a  shape  does, 
just  trv  drawing  it  on  your 
computer.  If  vou  want  to 
add  shapes  to  your  shape- 
file,  you  should  consult  your 
Apple  reference  manuals 
and  be  familiar  with  shape- 
tables.  To  conform  to  my 
system,  the  new  shape 
should  be  drawn  on  a  15  x 
15  grid  and  the  origin  of  the 
shape  should  lie  al  the  cerv 
ter  (coordinates  8,8).  Also 
remember  to  have  all  leads 
exit  at  the  middle  of  a  side. 
In  setting  up  the  sha  pet  able 
listed  here,  I  used  a  program 
trom  Micro  Magazine, 
September,  1980,  called 
Creating  Shape  Tables,  Im- 
proved;' by  Peter  A,  Cook 

I  have  listed  the  shapefile 
beginning  at  $8000.  Note  the 
400  beginning  at  $81 0c  and 
extending  to  >8193  These 
00s  are  necessary  for  proper 
operation,   and   this   is   the 


space  set  aside  to  address 
additional  shapes  which 
might  be  added  to  the  end 

of  the  table  in  the  future.  If 
you  enter  this  shape! able  by 
hand,  you  can  edit  the 
shapes  by  remembering  that 
each  shape  is  separated  by  a 
hex  00  It  you  have  a  prob- 
lem with,  for  exampl 
vhape  #9,  find  the  ninth  set 
of  hex  00s  in  the  listing  and 
you  will  be  looking  in  the 
correct  area.  II  hapehle 
is  quite  lengthy  so  I  will 
make  a  copy  available  on 
disk  It  you  send  me  £12  00, 
I'll  send  you  a  copy  of  the 
sliapelilr  and  the  LGC  utili- 
ty program.  In  addition,  I 
will  include  a  copy  of  the 
timer  program  and  a  couple 
of  copies  of  my  worksheet. 
The  timer  program  and  the 
ECC  utility  are  written  in 
Applesoft  BASIC  and  re- 
corded using  DOS  33  I 
hope  you  get  as  much  utihtx 
out  of  my  EGG  as  I  have;  it 
will  add  a  whole  new  dimen- 
sion to  \  our  programs  with  a 
minimum  of  eiiori  ■ 


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3  Way  Auto-Scan 
includes  New  Bands 
3-Step  Tuning  Speed 
IF  Tune  ±1  KHZ 
Built-in  Dual  VFO 
Narrow  CW  fitter  optional 


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62     73  Magazine  •  January,  1964 


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73  Magazine  *  January,  1984     63 


Trade  Secrets 
of  Mobile  Installation 

Mounting  a  rig  in  your  car  is  not  as  hard  as  it  seems 

Find  out  how  the  pros  do  it 


Dave  Ingram  K4TWI 
Eastwood  Village  #1201  South 
Rie  it  Box  499 

Birmingham  AL  35210 


Installing  presently-pop- 
ular amateur  transceiv- 
ers in  the  limited  space  of 
today's  cars  can  often 
prove  to  be  a  hair-raising  ex- 
perience. While  slide-in 
mounts  and  rig-hanging 
brackets  may  be  readily 
available  for  some  units, 
these  mounts  often  place 
their    respective    rigs    in 


STRAPPING  [PLUMBER'S  TAp£  ) 

U«  DESLHED  HOLM- 
DASH  (BOTTOM  LIP) 


2-METER  RIG 


Fig.  1.  Method  of  using  strapping  to  mount  a  rig  under  the 
dash,  using  existing  holes.  Screw  and  nut  sandwiched  be- 
tween the  dash  bottom;  strapping  should  be  short  and  thin 
for  snug  mounting  and  to  prevent  scratching  the  rig.  The 
mike  holder  can  be  screw-mounted  to  one  of  the  holes  in 
the  strapping. 


Mi  ii    BRACKETS 


RUBBER  BAND 


SECTION  OF  STRAFFING 
WRAP  WITH  CLOTH  \ 

6LE   BRACKETS 


MIKE  HOLDER 
it  ARSHIPT  MOUNT  SCREWS 


G£AASHi<   i 


Fig.  2.  Method  of  using  hardware-store  L-brackets  and  metal 
strapping  for  a  universal  mount  on  small  autos.  Rig's  front 
sits  on  the  covered  strap  and  is  held  securely  by  a  rubber 
band.  Brackets  may  be  tilted  as  desired. 

64     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


rather  awkward  positions. 
When  the  rig  is  removed 
from  the  car,  the  unused 
mount  or  bracket  may  con- 
tinue to  occupy  vital  inte- 
rior room  and  thus  further 
emphasize  the  need  for  a 
more  flexible  arrangement. 
The  mounting  techniques 
presented  in  this  article 
will  attempt  to  alleviate 
those  problems  and  provide 
a  simple  yet  effective 
means  of  containing  the  rig 
in  a  desired  location.  Since 
the  majority  of  mobile  in- 
stallations are  usually  more 
involved  than  merely  plac- 
ing a  transceiver  in  the  car. 


I'll  also  briefly  consider  an- 
tenna cabling  and  dc  pow- 
er-cord routing  Amateurs 
following  these  general 
guidelines  should  be  able  to 
progress  from  a  "stock" 
new  car  to  a  complete  mo- 
bile installation  in  less  than 
an  hour's  time  (assuming 
everything  needed  isn't 
buried  at  the  bottom  of  a 
junkbox!). 

Rig  Location/ 
Mounting  Ideas 

An  amateur  owning  a 
large  automobile  with  a 
full-width  dash,  bench-type 
seat  and  no  center  console 


F/g.  3.  The  home-brew  mount  Note  the  power  connectors 
tor  various  rigs  in  the  background. 


Fig.  4.  Low-band  transceiver  is  side-slid  into  position  with  its 
front  feet  catching  on  the  bracket  The  rear  of  the  rig  is  sit- 
ting on  the  transmission  hump.  The  squeezed  position  as- 
sists in  securing  the  rig,  eliminating  need  for  a  hold-down 
strap. 


boot's  bottom  will  reveal 
the  screws.  The  upper 
L-brackets'  size  and  angle 
of  tilt  can  be  varied  as 
desired  for  proper  rig  posi- 
tioning In  order  to  prevent 
rig  scratches,  cover  the 
brackets'  upper  area  with  a 
couple  of  layers  of  cloth 
matching  the  auto's  in* 
terior,  and  sew  the  cloth 
tight. 

This  mount  can  be  used 
with  a  variety  of  rigs,  de- 
pending on  the  particular 
auto's  hump-to-dash  clear- 
ance,  A  2-meter  rig,  for  ex- 
ample, can  be  placed  on 
the  mount  and  secured  in 
place  by  a  rubber  band 
stretched  between  the  long 
L-bracket  screws-  (How's 
that  for  a  quick  in- 
stall/remove caper?)  An  HF 
rig  such  as  the  Atlas,  Ken- 
wood TS-120,  etc.,  can  also 
be  side-slid  into  this  bracket 
by  positioning  its  front  feet 
in  front  of  the  covered  met- 
al strap  while  the  dash  itself 
secures  the  rig  from  its  top- 
side (the  rig's  rear  then  rests 
on  the  transmission  hump). 
Other  rigs  can  also  be  used 
with  this  L-bracket  setup 
merely  by  securing  them 
with  a  rubber  band  when 
necessary.  A  small  towel 
the  same  color  as  the  auto's 
carpet  can  be  used  to  cover 
or  camouflage  the  rig  dur- 
ing  brief   out-of-car  stops. 


win  experience  few  prob- 
lems mounting  his  rig  or 
rigs.  If  existing  holes  in  the 
under-dash  lip  don't  align 
with  the  rig  mounting 
bracket  a  section  of  metal 
strapping  (plumber's  tape) 
can  be  used  as  a  "hole  relo- 
cator "  This  arrangement  is 
shown  in  Fig.  1.  The  rig's 
rear  area  can  rest  lightly  on 
the  auto's  carpet,  if  neces- 
sary, and  a  small  chock  can 
be  used  if  thick  carpeting 
blocks  air  flow  around  heat 
sinks. 

Mounting  2-meter  FM- 
sized  transceivers  (and  pos- 
sibly small-sized  low-band 
transceivers)  in  compact 
autos  exhibiting  miniscule 
dash-to-transmission-hump 
clearance  can  prove  to  be 
difficult.  The  most  logical 
solutions  here  involve  using 
home-brew  brackets  and 
existing  supports  for  max- 
imum  benefit.  One  example 
of  this  technique  is  shown 
in  Fig.  2.  Four  L-brackets  are 
bolted  together  as  shown, 
with  heavy  metal  strapping 
bolted  between  the  upper 
L-brackets.  The  lower 
L-brackets  are  secured  to 
the  auto's  gearshift  mount- 
ing L-plate  via  existing 
screws,  These  are  slightly 
underneath  the  floor  shift's 
rubber  boot  in  autos  such 
as  the  Sunbird,  Monza,  Sky- 
hawk,  etc.,  squeezing  the 


Fig*  5*  This  rig-mounting  bracket  is  ideally  suited  to 
rapid  installation  artists.  The  unit  is  merely  placed 
on  the  mount  and  secured  with  a  heavy  rubber  band.  Ei- 
ther top  or  bottom-mounted  speakers  can  be  used  with  this 
arrangement 


Fig.  6,  A  second  (or  third!}  rig  can  be  used  with  the  bracket 
of  Fig,  5«  If  front  feet  don't  secure  the  rig,  use  a  heavy  rubber 
band.  Note  the  mike  mount  on  the  left  side  of  the  bracket 


(Be  aware,  however,  that 
any  out-of-view  auto  is 
open  prey  to  rip-off  artists). 

Many  small  and  interme- 
diate-sized autos  feature 
bench-style  seats  and  one- 
piece  dashes  which  can 
support  2-meter  FM  rigs, 
but  may  present  problems 
for  securely  supporting 
larger  HF  rigs.  An  effective 
mounting  idea  for  these 
autos  involves  propping  the 
HF  rig  between  the  front 
seat's  edge  and  the  trans- 


mission's hump,  securing  it 
with  a  cloth-covered  boat 
tie-down  strap  as  shown  in 
Fig.  7.  If  connecting  cables 
dig  into  the  carpet  or  if  the 
rig's  heat  sink  is  slightly 
obstructed,  a  small  piece  of 
wood  or  indoor/outdoor 
carpet  may  be  used  for 
chocking.  All  rig  cables  and 
the  tie-down  strap  can 
merely  be  pushed  under  the 
seat  when  not  in  use,  pro- 
viding a  perfectly  clean- 
looking  interior.  Cloth- 
covered  tie-down  straps  are 

73  Magazine  •  January,  1984    65 


MODEL  PK1 

{shown  with  14K  RAM 

and  SK  ROM) 


How  you  can  get 

in  on  the  fun  on 

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CW  identifier 

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•  Boa^d  accepis  up  to  14K  ol  RAM 

•  Model  PK1  can  tie  customized  for  Commercial  Systems. 


Protocol  can  be  changed  by  swapping  ROM  chips.  Board  de- 
signed  to  accept  6264°s  for  up  to  56K  of  RAM  with  minor 
modification. 

Dimensions:  4.5  x  9.5  inches;  1"  vertical  clearance. 
Power  requirement:  +  12  VDC,  approx.  200  ma. 

Standard  equipment  includes  4K  of  RAM  (expandable  to  HK). 
Model  PK1 ,  wired  &  tested—  S149.95 

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Connecting  cables  &  enclosure— optional 

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tie-down  in  any  desired 
length.  The  highest  price  I 
have  found  on  tie-downs  is 
$3.00  each. 


Fig.  7.  Mobile  installation  of  traveling  amateur  W4CEC  con- 
sists of  an  Azden  2-meter  rig  and  Kenwood  T5-120.  The  120 
is  merely  propped  on  the  auto's  seat;  its  tilt-down  front  bail 
secures  the  unit  and  eliminates  the  need  for  a  tie-down 
strap.  The  Azden  is  secured,  complete  with  bracket  by  a  tie- 
down  strap  hooked  under  the  dash.  Clever  and  convenient, 
and  both  rigs  can  be  removed  in  a  snap. 

66     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


Two  special-considera- 
tion-type mounts  which 
may  be  applicable  to  small 
autos  with  center  consoles 
involve  mounting  a  mobile 
rig  sideways  on  either  the 
console  or  the  drive-shaft 
tunnel  right  behind  the 
rider's  seat.  This  arrange- 
ment is  illustrated  in  Fig.  8. 
Surprisingly,  the  front 
mounting  often  will  sup- 
port a  large  low-band  rig 
while  the  rear  mount  sup- 
ports a  2-meter  rig. 

Routing  Cables 

Today's  tightly-assem- 
bled autos  can  prove  quite 
challenging  to  cable  rout- 
ing, but  a  few  tricks  of  the 
trade  can  simplify  that  situ- 
ation. Antenna  transmission 
line  can  easily  be  routed 
through  the  auto's  trunk 
area  by  moving  the  rear 
seat  on  the  rider's  side  and 
poking  part  of  a  stiff, 
discarded  whip  antenna 
through  to  the  trunk.  Next, 
tape  the  coaxial  cable  to 
the  end  of  that  whip  and 
putl  it  into  the  auto's  interi- 
or. (Use  heavy-duty  fila- 
ment tape  and  help  the 
cable  along  for  first-try  suc- 
cess.) Additional  cables,  if 
desired,  can  then  be  taped 
to  the  initial  cable  and 
pulled  through  in  a  similar 
manner-  Routing  cables  on 
the  auto's  right  (rider)  side 
also  is  good  due  to  the 
absence  of  steering  wheel, 
floor  pedals,  etc. 

The  whip-antenna  trick  is 
also  useful  for  passing  pow- 


AUTOS   DASH 


er  cords  through  auto  fire- 
wall openings.  The  most 
logical  and  convenient  op- 
ening to  use  is  the  expand- 
able grommet  through 
which  the  speedometer 
cable  passes.  Again,  poke 
the  whip  into  the  auto's  in- 
terior, tape  the  cable  to  the 
whip  rod's  tip  and  pull  it 
back  through  the  grommet, 
helping  it  as  necessary. 

Finally,  make  a  compos- 
ite resistance  check  in  the 
following  manner  to  ensure 
solid  ground  connections. 
Short  the  antenna's  center 
conductor  and  shield  at  the 
antenna  proper,  then  mea- 
sure from  the  power  cord's 
negative  lead,  through  the 
auto  body,  through  the  an- 
tenna mount,  and  back  to 
the  center  conductor  of  the 
PL-259  for  less  than  1  Ohm  's 
resistance.  At  this  point, 
you  are  ready  to  check  al- 
ternator/battery voltage 
with  the  motor  running  to 
ensure  that  less  than  14 
volts  is  delivered,  .  and 
then  connect  the  rig. 

Conclusion 

The  techniques  of 
mounting  amateur  gear  in 
autos  varies  with  each  set 
of  circumstances,  yet  each 
installation  can  be  made 
easier  by  using  ideas  tried 
and  proven  by  others.  I 
hope  this  collection  of 
thoughts  and  views  will 
prove  helpful  in  both  the  in- 
stallation and  operation  of 
your  existing  or  future 
mobile  rigs.B 


CONSOLE- 


FRONT 
SEAT 


-flIC  MOUNTED  ON  CONSOLE 


FRONT 

seat 


RIG  MOUNTED  ON  53DE  OF  DRIVE 
SHAFT  TUNNEL    CAN   BE  OPER- 
ATED FROM   DRIVER'S   SEAT  AND 
COVERED   WITH  COAT  WHEN  AUTO 
tS  LEFT. 


flEAfi    SEAT 


REAfl    AREA 


Fig.  8.  Two  rig-mounting  locations  for  small  autos  which 
provide  flexibility  and  a  degree  of  security.  Location  behind 
rider's  seat  is  preferred  for  small  2m  FM  units. 


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SCT410  XMTR   ASSY 


Fl-6 


FL'6  Rcvr\  Front- End  Preselector 

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SCAP  Autopatch  Boird 

•  Provides  all  basic  autopaich  functions 

•  Secures  Dlp.li  Access,  1  Auk  On  Off  functfon, 
Aud'o  AQC.  Built-in  timers,  etc  Beaut  jfu  i  Audio' 

•  ovt  mhrbti  bd  also  available 

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RPCM  Board 

•  Used  *'SCAP  Doaro  to  provide    Reverse  Patch 
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•  includes  (a^d  une    answering    circgiUy 

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•  Many  other  f Batures-  Factory  programmwi 

CTC100  Rptr,  COR  TimertControl  Bd. 

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TMB  1  "Harchunae*  Klll«"  or  Time  Out  Warning 
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PRM200  Power  Supply  Filter 
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•  As    useo    m    the    SCR  1000   as    main    part    o* 
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FSM-1  Repeater  Power  Supply  Mod  Kit 

•  For  SCR1000  or  ACR4000,  Replaces  Darlington  Pass  Tr. 
for  Improved  reliability. 


SCT1 10  VHF  XmtrVExciter  Board 

•  to  Wis  Output    IOC*.  Duty  Cycles' 

•  mfimte  vSWR  proof 

•  True  FM  tor  eve  audio  guamy 

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•  Spurious   70  dB   Harmonics  60  dR 

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Filter   &   re  I    pwr    sensor    BA75  75  Wt    unit  also 
available. 

SCT110  Transmitter  Assembly 

•  $CT  I  Wrnountadtn  ^hteided  housing 

•  Same  as  used  on  SCH100Q 

•  Completely  assmbld   WAF  T    i    |pf.  £0239 :C01 

•  or  75  vVt   unit 

SCT  410A  UHF  Transmitter  Bd.  or  Assy. 

•  Similar  to  SCTT1Q*  10  Wis,  nom 

*  a  Now  includes  "on  board**  propor 

tional  Xtal  OscJOven  circuitry  for  very 
high  stability! 

m  BA  40  40W.  UHF  AMP.  BD.  &  HEAT  SINK. 

PCB-1  Xmtr;  Power  Control  Board 

•  Fo*  SCTl  10  Or  SCT4 10  BuCilors 

•  Varies  B  *  ro  controf  Pwr  Oul 

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remotaiy  Ad/  levels 

TTC100 
Touch  Tone 
Control  Board 

3  digit  ON.  3  digit  OFF  control  of  a  single  repealer 

Junction   or  (opHonal]  2  functions  <2  djgHs  0N/QFF 

each) 

Can  be  used  to  pull  in  a  relay,  tngge*  logtc.  etc 

Typically   used   to*  ftptr .  ON/OFF.   HULO   Fiwf   PL 

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^-m 


Around  and  Around 

and  Around 

There's  got  to  be  a  better  way  to  wind  your  coils  to  specs. 
Build  the  Q-meter  and  get  the  exact  inductance  you  need. 


Edwin  C  Wllet  N7APE 
306  W  Court  Street 
Weiser  to  63672 


Front  view  of  completed  Q-meter, 


Winding  coils  for  a  new 
project  seems  to  be 
one  of  the  more  frightening 
aspects  of  the  job.  One  rea- 
son may  be  the  fear  that  we 
may  not  be  able  to  dupli- 
cate the  author's  model.  If 
we  have  a  way  to  check 
each  coil  before  it's  in- 
stalled, much  of  the  appre- 
hension is  removed.  A  "Q"- 
meter  will  do  this  by  mea- 
suring the  coil's  inductance 
and  Q  The  unit  pictured  is 
such  a  Q-meter  that  will 
measure  inductances  from 
,5  uH  to  50  uH  and  Qs  to 
200.  It's  easy  to  build,  easy 
to  operate,  and  is  powered 
by  an  internal  9-volt  battery 
or  wall-plug  power  supply. 
There  are  four  basic  parts 
to  this  Q-meter:  a  dual-fre- 


quency rf  oscillator,  an  FET 
voltmeter  a  power  supply. 
and  the  tank  circuit  that  in- 
dicates the  inductor  of  un- 
known value  (Lx). 

Fig.  1  is  the  schematic.  A 
2N2222  transistor  serves  as 
the  rf  oscillator,  followed 
by  an  MPF-102  JFET  buffer 
The  range  of  measurement 
is  controlled  by  the  oscil- 
lator frequency  and  the 
tank  variable  capacitor. 
With  the  capacitor  speci- 
fied, the  range  is  .5  to  5  uH 
at  a  frequency  of  20.05 
MHz,  and  5  to  50  uH  at  6.34 
MHz.  The  two  toroid  coils 
resonate  with  CI  and  C2  to 
produce  these  frequencies, 
and  SI  determines  the 
range  in  use.  The  buffer 
stage   provides  the   neces- 


Assembled  panet  and  top  plate  showing  component  mounting. 
70     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


Pine  and  Masoniten*  case  for  the  Q-meter. 


sary  low  impedance  excita- 
tion for  the  tank  circuit 
through  C8.  A  1N270  ger- 
manium diode  (D1)  rectifies 
the  rf  output  of  the  buffer 
and  is  used  to  calibrate  the 
meter  before  taking  a  mea- 
surement. A  hot-carrier  di- 
ode (D2)  is  placed  across 
the  variable  capacitor  and 
rectifies  the  tank  circuit 
current  to  provide  a  dc  volt- 
age that  is  proportional  to 
the  Q  of  L*  at  resonance.  It 
is  this  voltage  that  is  mea- 
sured in  the  TEST  position 
of  52. 

The  JFET  voltmeter  uses 
two  MPF-102  )FETsP  zeroed 
by  R15,  Full  scale  on  the  me- 
ter should  be  250  micro- 
amps  or  less.  The  critical 
components  have  been  se- 
lected so  that  the  Q  reading 
will  be  quite  accurate  if  100 
is  used  as  the  calibration  ref- 
erence, The  meter  I  used  is 
calibrated  from  zero  to  250 
and  is  a  200-uA  movement. 
A  more  sensitive  meter  will 
require  using  a  higher  resis- 
tance setting  of  R12,  but  will 
not  affect  the  unit's  accura- 
cy. Qs  of  250  or  more  are 


l-X 

J-l 


i 


ffl 


s£eio 


j&ia      £riq 


seldom  required  and  are  dif- 
ficult to  obtain,  so  there  is 
not  much  need  to  have  a 
higher  scale. 

As  for  construction,  there 
is  really  only  one  critical 
portion  — the  mounting  of 
the  tank  components  (C9, 
C10,  and  the  terminals  for 
Lx).  At  50  uH,  an  inch  or  two 
of  extra  wire  will  not  have 
much   effect   on   accuracy, 


Fig.  7.  Circuit  schematic. 


but  at  ,5  uH,  the  leads  must 
be  kept  as  short  as  possible. 
This  is  one  reason  for  the 
miniature  variable  capacitor 
and  small  unit  for  C9.  The 
terminals  for  Lx  consist  of 
440  bolts  mounted  directly 
to  the  FormicaFM  top,  using 
solder  lugs  to  connect  to  the 
circuit  board  components 
and  440  hex  nuts  fastened 
by  epoxy  to  small  wire  nuts 


for  holding  the  unknown  in- 
ductor leads.  Small  5-way 
connectors  should  also 
work  fine,  Although  I  used 
an  import  vernier  dial  mech- 
anism and  attached  a  plastic 
pointer,  a  non-reduction 
knob  will  work  quite  well  — 
it's  just  a  little  harder  to  get 
right  on  resonance.  The 
shaft  of  CT0  is  too  short  to 
reach  the  panel   It  can  be 


Fig,  2.  Circuit  board I 


RI4 

I 1 


RI3 


Q4 


P*\    ^S0R"lC,2L 
D  I 


R2 


Q2 


.   r«lWl«W 


L2    Ri 


C3 


C5 


R5 


C6 


CI4 


R6     m 
R9~ 

LJ 


J-l 


C7 


R8 


R7 


a0A(N0T  USED) 

l 

i  1 


Fig.  3.  Component  layout  foil  side  view. 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     71 


Parts  List 

C1 

620-pF  ceramic  disc 

C2tC3 

68-pFNPO  ceramic 

C4 

56-pF  NPO  ceramic 

C5,  C6, 

011,012 

.01  ceramic  disc 

07 

100-pF  ceramic 

Go 

22-pF  NPO  ceramic 

C9 

1500-pF  poiy 

C10 

138-pF  variable  (RS  A1-234) 

C13 

10-uF,  25-V  electrolytic 

D1 

1 N270  germanium  diode 

D2 

MBD-101  hot  carrier  diode 

R1 

47kT  V4*Watt  carbon 

R2 

100k,  1A  -Watt  carbon 

R3 

10k  linear  pot 

R4 

1.5k,  Y^Watt  carbon 

R5TR9 

1-megf  v^Watt  carbon 

R6 

390-Ohmt  V* -Watt  carbon 

R7,  R10f 

R11 

2,2-meg,  V4-Watt  carbon 

R8 

100kf  V^-Watt  carbon 

R12 

100k  trimmer 

R13r  R14 

150-Qhrn,  V^Watt  carbon 

R15 

2k  linear  standard  pot 

L1 

1,97  uH  (21  turns  #24  enamel  on  T-37-2  toroid) 

L2 

19.7  uH  (70  turns  #32  enamel  on  T-37-2  toroid) 

S1 

SPOT  rotary 

S2 

SPOT  mini-toggle 

S3 

SPST  mini-toggle 

M1 

200-uA  meter  (see  text) 

J1 

Connectors  for  L*  (see  text) 

J2 

Mini  phone  jack  (normally-closed  circuit) 

lengthened  by  attaching  a 
one-quarter-inch  round  met- 
al spacer  with  a  bolt  into  the 
capacitor's  threaded  shaft. 
An  alternative  would  be  a 
small  flexible  coupler  and  a 
piece  of  VS-inch  shaft. 

The  total  current  drain  is 
under  1 5  mAt  so  a  9-volt  bat- 
tery wilt  last  a  long  time  with 
intermittent  use,  For  ac  op- 
eration, any  rectified  and  fil- 
tered wall-plug  supply  that 
is  rated  at  4.5  to  9  volts  fills 
the  bill 

To  put  the  Q-meter  to 
work,  set  S2  to  It  SI ',  turn  on 
the  power  switch,  and  adjust 
the  meter  to  zero  reading 
with  R15,  Switch  S2  to  CAL 
and  set  ihe  rf  level  to  100  on 
the  meter  by  adjusting  R3. 
Connect  the  coil  you  want 
to  measure,  using  the  short- 
est possible  leads.  Reset  S2 
to  TEST;  tune  CIO  for  maxi- 
mum deflection  of  the  me- 
ter. The  reading  is  the 
approximate  Q  of  the  un- 
known inductor.  If  you  can- 
not get  any  upward  deflec- 
tion of  the  meter,  try  the 


other  position  of  51,  If  you 
still  cannot  get  a  reading 
and  you  are  quite  sure  the 
unknown  inductance  falls 
within  the  range  of  the  me- 
ter, recheck  the  Lx  connec- 
tions, A  good  connection  is 
a  must  for  reliable  operation 
of  the  Q-meter. 

A  test  coil  can  be  made 
by  winding  about  15  turns 
of  #24  enamel-covered  wire 
rn  a  T-37-2  or  T-37-6  toroid. 
You  should  measure  it 
somewhere  around  1  uH 
with  a  Q  of  about  100.  If 
you  are  satisfied  with  the  re- 
sults, you  may  want  to  mark 
the  measured  information 
on  a  tag  and  attach  it  to  the 
inductor.  It  can  be  used 
later  to  check  the  perfor- 
mance of  the  meter  if  you 
should  question  a  reading 
on  some  unknown  coil. 

This  relatively  simple 
project  can  take  a  lot  of 
the  fear  out  of  coil-wind- 
ing, as  well  as  sort  out  un- 
marked small  inductors 
and  provide  the  identifica- 
tion you  need.B 


/MIR/1GE 


Mirage  Communications 
Introduces  Their 

6  Meter 

Solid-State  Amplifier 

A1015 


Built-in  Rx  Preamp 

All  Mode-SSB,  CW,  FM 

Remote  Keying 

DC  Power  13.6  VDC  at  18  Amps 


10  Watts  In  -  150  Watts  Out 

$279.95 

FCC  Type  Accepted 

5  Year  Limited  Warranty 

Optional  RC-1  Remote  Control  Available 

Made  in  the  U.SA 


Available  at  Mirage  Dealers  Worldwide 


AAIPAGE 

COMMUNICATIONS  EQUIPMENT, INC. 


P.O.  Box  1393,  Gilruv,  CA  95020     ■    (408)  847-1857 


72    73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


Stuck  with  a  problem? 


Our  TE-12P  Encoder  might  be  just  the  solution  to  pull 
you  out  of  a  sticky  situation.  Need  a  different  CTCSS 
tone  for  each  channel  in  a  multi-channel  Public  Safety 
System?  How  about  customer  access  to  multiple  re- 
peater sites  on  the  same  channel?  Or  use  it  to  generate 
any  of  the  twelve  tones  for  EMS  use.  Also,  it  can  be  used 
to  access  Amateur  repeaters  or  just  as  a  piece  of  ver- 
satile test  equipment.  Any  of  the  CTCSS  tones  may  be 
accessed  with  the  TE-12PA,  any  of  the  audible  frequen- 
cies with  the  TE-12PB,  Just  set  a  dip  switch,  no  test 
equipment  is  required.  As  usual,  we're  a  stickler  for 
iday  delivery  with  a  full  1  year  warranty, 

•  Output  level  flat  to  within  1,5dfa  over  entire  range  selected, 

•  Immune  to  RR 

«  Powered  by  6-30vdc,  unregulated  at  8  ma. 

•  Low  impedance,  low  distortion,  adjustable  sinewave  output, 
5v  peaMo-peak. 

•  Instant  start-up. 


TE-12PA 


67.0  XZ 

85.4  YA 

103.51  A 

127  3  3A 

156.7  5A 

192.8  7A 

71JXA 

88.5  YB 

107.2  IB 

131 .8  3B 

162.2  5B 

203.5  M1 

74.4  WA 

91.5  ZZ 

110.92Z 

136.542 

1 67.9  62 

77.0  XB 

94.8  ZA 

114.S2A 

141 .3  4A 

173.8  6  A 

79.7  SP 

97,4  ZB 

118.8  2  S 

146.2  4B 

1 79.9  6B 

82.5  YZ 

100.0  1Z 

T  23 .032 

151.45Z 

186.2  7Z 

•  Frequency  accuracy*  ±*1  Hz  maximum  -40°Cto  +85*0 
■  Frequencies  to  250  Hz  available  on  special  order. 
•Continuous  tone 

TE-12PB 


TESTTONES: 

TOUCHSTONES: 

BURST  TONES: 

600 

697      1209 

1600     1850     2150    2400 

1000 

770     1336 

1650     1900    2200    2450 

1500 

852      1477 

1700    1950    2250    2500 

2175 

941      1633 

1750    2000     2300    2550 

2805 

1600     2100     2350 

•  Frequency  accuracy,  ±1  Hz  maximum  -4Q°C  to  +85*C 

•  Tone  length  approximately  300  ms.  May  be  lengthened, 
shortened  or  eliminated  by  changing  value  of  resistor 


$89.95 


^15 


W  COMMUNICATIONS  SPECIALISTS 


426  West  Taf t  Avenue,  Orange,  California  92667 
(800)  854-0547/Calif ornla:  (714)  998-3021 


Nothing  matches  the  MACC 
in  voltage  surge  protection 
and  component-by-component 
on-of f  control 


Get  those 
demons 
downing 

your 

electronic 

gear! 


•  compact,  attractive  desk-top 
console 

•  eight  clean  AC  power  outlets 

•  individual  and  master  onoff 
control 

•  superior  three-stage  auto-restore 
circuit  with  manual  reset  circuit 
breaker 

•  individually  lighted  rocker 
switches 

Lightning  striking  miles  away,  elec 
trie  motors  running  on  the  same 
power  line,  fluorescent  lighting  and 
even  wind-driven  snow  static 
buildup  can  cause  problems  with 
delicate  circuits  and  miniature  elec- 
tronic chips.  But  the  MACC,  within 
nanoseconds,  can  recognize  the  cur- 
rent disturbance,  then  clip  it  off 
and  dissipate  it,  while  maintaining 
clean  current  flow  to  your  system's 
equipment.  The  MACC  protects  all 
semi-conductor,  solid-state  circuitry. 

The  MACC  is  designed  with  three 
2000-amp  surge  discharge  protec- 
tion circuits  —  one  between  each 
of  the  AC  input's  hot.  neutral  and 
ground  lines.  Other  surge  devices 
may  use  a  single  100-amp  surge 
protector  between  the  hot  and 
neutral  lines  only,  Its  resettable  cir- 
cuit breaker  adds  further  protection 


MACC  gives  you  control  conve- 
nience, too.  It  provides  8  plug-tn 
"U"  ground  outlets  for  your  com- 
ponents —  including  one  "hot" 
outlet  for  a  continuously  powered 
application  such  as  your  clock. 
Seven  "on /off  rocker  switches  let 
you  control  individual  components. 
And  you  can  turn  your  entire 
system  on  or  off  with  a  sii 
master  rocker  switch. 


ALPHA  DELTA  S  MASTER  AC 
CONTROL  CONSOLE  PROTECTS 
AGAINST  ALL  THESE 
DAMAGING  SURGE  PROBLEMS 


Problems  caused  in  circuitry  by 
surging  and  transient  voltages; 

•  Melting  of  "hot  spots"  within 
semi-conductor  devices 

•  Thermal  runaway  of  transistors 

•  Welding,  pitting  and  metal 
transfer  on  switch  contacts 

•  Switch  contact  corrosion 

•  Insulation  breakdown  causing 
arcing  of  components 

•  Shortening  of  component  life 

The  MACC  is  tested  to  IEEE  pulse 
standards  and  rated  at  1 5A,  1 25V- 
AC.  60  Hz.  1875  watts  continuous 


duty  total  for  the  console.  A  label 
on  the  unit  describes  the  surge  pro- 
tection limitations. 


MACC  Specs 

Alpha  Delta  Master  AC  Control 
Console 

15 
12S 

60 


Amperage 

Volt  (AC) 

Hertz 

Total 
Wattage    1875 

Size 
MACC     It"  x  2-3/4"  x  2-3/4* 
MACC-4    5-1/2"  x  2-3/4"  x  2-3/4" 

Shipping 
Weight  4-1/2  lbs.  approximately 


Alpha  Delta  Model  MACC  Systems 
are  designed  to  reduce  the  hazards 
of  lightning-induced  surges.  These 
devices,  however,  will  not  prevent 
fire  or  damage  caused  by  a  direct 
stroke  to  an  AC  line  or  a  structure. 
Specifications,  availability  and  price 
are  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

Warranted  against  defects  in 
materials  or  workmanship. 


ALPHA  T*l' 

PO  Box  571.  CenterviHe,  Ohio  45459  •  (513)  435-4772 

current  solutions  to  current  problems 


COMMUNICATIONS,  INC 


-*u»n 


The  MACC  is  unique  in  voltage 
surge/transient  suppression  and 
convenient,  desk -top  individual 
component  control.  Nothing 
matches  the  MACC  in  value  and 
performance.  Put  one  on  duty  on 
your  AC  line. 


f^sak 

^m 

- 

■:l 

•:l 

•  ^ 

K 

O 

Circuit  Brea 
^  (automatic  [ 

ker 
jop-up) 

■ 

s 1  1 



W^™^^B ; 

3 

CC  only  $79.95 
MACC-4  only  $59.95 


USTED 


1  At  your  Alpha  Delta  dealer.  Or  in  U.S.,  order  direct,  add 
ing  $4  for  postage/handling  to  check  or  money  order. 
{Approx.  shipping  wt.;  4-1  /2  lbs.  each)  MasterCard  and 
VISA  accepted,  Ohio  residents  add  Sales  Tax,  Sorry 
no  C.O.D.'s 


The  MACC-4  Is  a  four  clean-line  output 
version  of  the  MACC  with  all  the  same 
features.  It  gives  you  a  cost-  and  space- 
saving  solution  for  your  application, 
without  sacrificing  performance.  Rated  a 
full  1875  total  wattage.  Includes  master 
rocker  switch,  three  independently  switch- 
able  lines,  one  "hot"  line  and  resettable 
circuit  breaker. 





international) 


Each  month,  73  brings  you 
ham  radio  news  from  around  the 
world.  In  this  collection  of  re- 
ports  from  our  foreign  corre- 
spondents, we  present  the  fat* 
est  news  in  DXt  contests,  and 
events,  as  well  as  keep  you 
abreast  of  the  technical 
achievements  of  hams  in  other 
countries. 

ft  you  would  tike  to  contribute 
to  your  country's  coiumnf  write 
to  your  country's  correspondent 
or  to  73:  Amateur  Radio's 
Technical  Journal,  Pine  Street, 
Peterborough  NH  03453,  USA, 
Attn:  Jack  Burnett. 


AUSTRALIA 

J.  E  Joyce  VK3YJ 
44  Wren  Street 
Aitona  301 8 
Australia 

tn  most  countries,  to  varying  degrees, 
amateurs  ate  Involved  in  emergency  situa- 
tions. We  In  Australia  have  an  organize- 
Hon  called  Wireless  Institute  Civil  Emer- 
gency Network,  abbreviated  to  WlCEN, 
that  Is  set  up  as  a  community  service  In 
times  of  Declared  emergency  situations.  It 
Is  used  also  at  several  sporting  events 
during  the  year  as  practice  exercis*- 

However,  m  what  we  In  the  southern 
states  of  Australia  called  "The  Holocaust 
of  Ash  Wednesday/1  practice  turned  to  re- 
ality, It  was  a  firestorm  that  spread  from 
Adelaide  in  South  Australia  right  through 
Victoria  and  up  north  lo  New  South 
Wales— a  distance  of  800  miles.  For  us  ft 
tail,  unfortunately,  on  the  biblical  Ash 
Wednesday,  February  lBth. 

The  states  of  the  I  owe*  part  of  Australia 
were  ripe  for  a  bushflre.  Being  realistic, 
bush  fires  are  a  natural  phenomenon  here, 
as  a  lot  of  our  trees  and  grasses  will  not 
germinate  until  bushfires  have  heated  the 
seedpods  to  temperatures  that  would  de- 
stroy Imported  trees  and  Sbnjfcs.  The  pre- 
vious two  seasons  had  been  hot  and  dry, 
and  on  the  morning  of  the  16th(  we  had  a 
temperature  of  over  4E}°  C  plus  strong 
winds  of  over  60  mph  at  some  spots. 

We  had  noticed  minor  bush  fire  smoke 
on  the  horizon  during  the  working  day  but 
were  not  aware  that  in  a  few  hours  the 
whole  state  of  Victoria  with  all  its  emer- 
gency services— and  amateur  radio  in 
particular— would  be  put  to  the  greatest 
test  for  decades.  As  you  can  imagine,  with 
a  country  that  relies  largely  on  telephone 
lines  strung  between  gym  trees  and 
wooden  poles  across  open  poms.  It  did 
not  take  long,  once  the  fires  got  started,  to 
bum  down  the  gum  trees  and  ihe  wooden 
poiss,  leaving  much  of  the  state  of  Vic- 
toria with  a  communications  problem. 
Added  to  this  was  the  fact  (hat  most  of  our 
emergency  services  had  only  two  or  three 
crystal-locked  channels  of  communica- 
tions each. 

It  soon  became  clear  that  WtCEftl  had  to 

76     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


be  activated  to  back  up  the  overloaded 
communications  systems  of  the  authori- 
ties Most  amateurs  had  been  monitoring 
the  2-meter  repeater  in  their  area  and  It 
was  not  long  before  literally  hundreds  of 
amateurs  had  volunteered  to  go  mobile  or 
set  up  base  stations  in  the  affected  areas. 
All  the  2-meter  repeaters  were  taken  over 
for  emergency  use  m  the  Melbourne  area, 
giving  us  a  coverage  of  at  least  100  miles 
all  around  Melbourne.  Also,  we  had  HF  set 
up  on  80  and  40  meters  for  those  low  spots 
that  VHF  could  not  reach. 

By  the  early  hours  of  Thursday  morning, 
February  1?.  WlCEN  was  In  full  swing,  had 
Organized  amateurs  as  base-receiving 
stations,  and  had  dispatched  mobile  sta- 
tions with  VHF,  UHF.  and  HF  capabilities 
to  aft  the  disaster  areas, 

The  sights  at  some  of  these  spots  were 
horrific,  with  some  of  the  smaller  towns 
losing  100%  of  their  buildings.  More  than 
200O  dwellings  were  totally  destroyed. 
The  loss  of  stock  went  into  the  thousands, 
and  ft  was  «  pathetic  sight  to  see  hun- 
dreds of  dead  or  dying  stock,  some  ot  the 
badly  Injured  Ones  still  wandering  around 
waiting  to  be  shot 

Upon  arriving  at  some  of  the  places  we 
were  to  operate  from  in  the  early  stages  of 
the  operation,  the  scenes  were  not  much 
better,  with  people  wandering  around 
dazed,  some  of  them  with  their  clothes 
Still  smoldering.  Large  holes  burned  in 
their  coats,  dresses,  etc..  showed  how 
close  they  had  come  to  being  casualties. 
Even  though  a  lot  of  them  had  losl  every- 
thing they  owned t  their  main  worries  were 
whether  fathers  or  some  other  relations  or 
friends  had  survived  m  the  next  town,  or 
perhaps  only  10  miles  away; 

With  the  fires  still  raging  and  the 
phones  mostly  out  of  operation,  it  was 
here  that  WlCEN  operators,  by  now  locat- 
ed at  all  disaster  relief  centers,  could  real- 
ly help.  Welfare  mess  a  gas  were  passed, 
and  the  looks  of  relief  on  faces  when  mes- 
sages came  back  that  relations  or  friends 
were  alright  made  a  lasting  Impression  on 
the  WlCEN  operators,  some  of  whom  had 
spent  up  to  two  days  with  no  sleep. 
Some  ot  \h&  places  of  operation  were  e 


Ml  hairy,  to  say  the  least,  as  some  ama- 
teurs decided  to  stay  m  the  path  of  the  fire 
to  relay  messages.  While  some  were  set 
up  In  plush  hotels  with  cold  drinks  and  hoi 
meals,  others  were  out  In  the  bush  with 
cold  sandwiches  and  hot  drinks. 

As  a  rough  guide  to  the  intensity  of  the 
fires,  agricultural  pipes  buried  two  feet 
underground  were  melted  and  buckled 
beyond  recognition;  land  that  was  pre- 
viously flat  had  actually  boiled  and  after- 
wards was  left  rough  and  uneven 

The  wind  created  by  the  fires  reached 
over  100  mph  \n  some  places.  One  In- 
stance we  had  reported  from  one  of  the 
worst-hit  areas  along  the  southern  coast 
of  Victoria  was  that  people  trying  to  direct 
traffic  had  to  wrap  arms  and  tegs  around 
the  safety  rails  of  a  bridge  to  keep  from  be- 
ing blown  off 

Another  aspect  of  fires  in  Australia  Is 
that  the  same  eucalyptus  oil  thai  gives 
relief  to  people  all  around  the  world  is  also 
released  during  the  heat  of  the  fires.  It  can 
form  into  fireballs  that  can  be  up  to  50  feet 
across  and  can  roll  along,  sometimes  far 
in  advance  of  the  main  fire  front.  There 
was  a  sad  total  of  70  lives  lost  in  these 
fires  over  a  period  ot  2  days. 

The  amateur  involvement  did  not  end 
with  the  fires.  Amateurs  later  were  asked 
to  assist  in  'Operation  Clean-Up."  when 
councils  from  most  Country  and  city  areas 
donated  men  and  equipment  to  help  the 
fire  victims  remove  their  debris  so  they 
could  start  to  rebuild  their  houses  and 
lives.  As  moat  of  these  bulldozers,  front- 
end  loaders,  etc.  did  not  have  two-way 
communications,  a  control  center  was  set 
up  and  approximately  ISO  amateurs  gave 
their  services  either  at  control  Of  out  whh 
the  vefilctes,  directing  them  from  one  site 
of  destruction  to  another 

A  debriefing  was  held  for  all  amateurs 
and  some  of  the  emergency  services  and 
the  result,  \  feel,  will  be  a  greater  degree  of 
cooperation  between  all  concerned  in  any 
future  emergencies.  Also.  In  the  media 
coverage  of  the  fires,  there  was  a  fair  men- 
I ten  of  the  involvement  of  amateur  radio, 
and  I  think  the  general  public  no*  has  a 
greater  understanding  of  the  role  that  we, 
as  amateurs,  can  play  In  community- 
service  ventures. 

The  Wirslass  Institute  Of  Australia  has 
displayed  proudly  on  ihe  club  room  wait  In 
Melbourne  a  plaque  of  appreciation 
awarded  to  inem  for  the  part  played  by 
amateur  radio  in  "The  Holocaust  that  was 
ASh  Wednesday  " 


This  photo,  taken  100  years  ago,  snows  fne 
po$  City,  Equipment  came  from  Cleveland, 
electric  fight  services  in  South  America. 


first  electric  plant  in  South  America,  in  Cam- 
Ohio,  to  Campos  City,  the  pioneer  in  using 


BRAZIL 

Gerson  Rissin  PY1APS 

PO  Box  J2T78  Qofmcmbtm 
20000  mo  de  Janeiro,  RJ 
Brazil 

Carlos  Vienna  Carneiro  PY1CC 
Rua  A  ion  so  Pena  49,  Apt.  701 
2O270  Rio  de  Janeiro,  RJ 
Bratil 

CW  GROUPS 

CW  operation  has  had  a  gradual  m- 
crease  in  Brazil  ihe  last  five  years,  espe- 
cially on  the  low  bands,  More  on  forty  than 
on  eighty,  we  can  hear  a  dozen  stations 
daily  between  2100  and  0300  GMT.  our 
after-dinner  time.  The  establishment  of 
more  than  twenty  CW  groups  dtd  this. 

Sponsoring  at  least  one  beautiful 
award,  CW  groups  have  provided  their 
members  with  the  necessary  incitement 
to  be  active  In  CW  as  much  as  possible. 
Their  annua!  contests  are  successful  and 
they  receive  more  than  95%  of  the  logs 
from  the  participants,  even  when  they 
made  only  a  few  QSOs. 

Since  the  beginning  gf  '73  Interna 
tionai, "  wa  haw  published,  little  by  little, 
the  rules  of  some  of  those  CW  awards. 
Now,  after  six  months,  we  are  heppy  to 
say  that  ihose  groups  which  have  had 
i heir  award  rules  published  have  received 
many  more  applications  for  their  awards 
from  abroad.  And  the  awards  are  not  so 
easy,  even  for  usl 

AWARDS 

Regarding  the  rules  of  Ihe  CWRJ  Award 
published  In  our  column  of  May,  1983. 
please  add  to  the  CWRJ  members  list  the 
following  stations:  PY10N.  PY1PL 
PY1DUB.  PY1VKA,  PY1VMV,  PY1ECL 
PY1DWM.  PY1TBW,  PV1APS,  PY10MX, 
PY1KX.  PYlQQf  PY1URQ,  PY1ENW,  and 
PYiVEC.  They  are  ell  very  active  stations 
and  will  make  It  easier  to  work  the  CWRJ 
Award 

LETTERS 

We  wan!  to  thank  you  very,  very  much 
for  the  letters  we  have  received  from 
readers  of  our  monthly  column.  Besides 
the  kindness  and  the  most  flattering 
terms  of  the  fetters,  wa  are  happy  to  know 
thai  readers  are  Interested  In  Brazilian 
things  and  events. 

One  of  them.  Richard  W.  Randall 
KSARE.  collects  old  telegraph  and  wire* 
less  keys,  and  he  is  trying  for  one  from 
each  majoi  part  of  the  world.  He  wants  an 
old  key  made  In  South  America.  The  age 
does  not  make  any  difference,  but  it 
should  be  complete  and  In  working  condi 
Hon,  If  possible,  the  key  should  be  marked 
with  the  place  it  was  made  and  the  name 
of  the  company 

1  have  forwarded  his  letter  to  the  CWSA 
CW  group  In  the  city  of  Santo  Andre  Who 
can  help  Richard? 

WIPA  AWARD 

Sponsored  by  the  Grupo  Praia  no  de  CW 
(GPCW).  the  WIPA  Award  Is  available  to 
all  licensed  amateurs  for  confirmed  con- 
tacts with  10  (ten}  different  cities  which 
have  international  ports  (harbors)  in  at 
least  three  continents.  No  more  than  two 
cities  tor  each  country.  For  example  in 
Brazil,  the  city  of  Santos  and  the  city  of 
Rio  de  Janeiro.  Contacts  must  have  been 
made  after  January  1.  1983,  on  any  ama- 
teur band.  Only  wo-way  CW  mode  with  a 
minimum  report  of  (EST)  338,  No  QSLs. 
Send  OCR  lisl  of  stations  worked  (call, 


date,  lime,  band,  mode,  and  report)  and  15 
IRCs  for  mailing  expenses  10  GPCW,  PO 
Box  556,  11 100  Santos.  SP,  Brazil. 

Enrtorsemonts:  bopoer  label   for  addi 
tional  5  tfivej  cities,  stiver  label  for  addi 
tionai  15  (fifteen)  cities,  and  gold  label  for 
additional  30  (thirty)  cities. 

d»PYlAP« 

CAMPOS  CITY  AWARD 

in  1883.  a  hundred  years  ago-  using 
equipment  coming  from  the  Brush  Elec- 
tric Light  Company.  Cleveland,  Ohio,  for 
the  first  time  In  South  America  public 
electric  light  service  was  ottered— in 
Campos,  a  Brazilian  city  In  Rio  de  Janeiro 
State.  Celebrating  this  event  Campos 
radio  amateurs  are  sponsoring  the  Cam- 
pos  City  Pioneer  Award,  as  follow*; 

Available  to  all  licensed  radio  ama- 
teurs; (he  award  may  be  won  by  forming 
t  he  sentence  M 1 663- 1 983— Campos — 
Gem  Anos  de  Huminacao  a  Efetrlcidade 
Pfoneira  na  Amenta  do  Sul  (meaning 
1883-1963— Campos— One  Hundred  Veen 
of  Electric  Light  Service.  Pioneer  in  Souih 
America). 

Use  last  letters  of  call  signs  of  stations 
reached  to  make  me  words.  Contacts  with 
two  stations  from  Rib  de  Janeiro  (PY1)  are 
required,  each  one  to  substitute  for  one  of 
the  two  dales  (1883  and  1983).  Contacts 
with  stations  from  Campos  City  are  valid 
as  special  QSLs  to  subsiUute  for  any 
missing  letters. 

Any  band,  any  mode  OSL  is  valid,  mixed 
or  single  as  well  Contacts  made  from 
January,  1983,  on  only,  Do  not  send  QSLs, 
Send  log  certified  by  amateur  radio  socie- 
ty or  by  two  radio  amateurs,  stating  name 
and  call,  date.  QTR  report,  band,  and  full 
address  with  zip  code.  Fee  is  10  iRCs,  and 
aend  request  to  Comissao  Diploma  Cent. 
Luz  Elet..  PO  Box  391.  23100  Campos, 
Brazil,  South  America, 

Submit  the  62  needed  QSLs  in  a  col- 
umn, in  log,  with  me  last  suffix  letters 
forming  the  sentence  vertically. 

PY2AMI  BEACON  PROJECT 

Since  April  14.  1982,  a  ten-Watt  beacon 
has  been  permanently  operating  from 
Americana,  In  Sao  Paulo  State,  at  26,300 
kHz,  using  this  message— VV  W  DE 
PV2AMI  PWR  10W  ANT  GP  LAT  22  45  S 
LONG  47  16  W  AMERICANA  SAO  PAULO. 
Congratulations  and  reports  are  coming 
from  everywhere  for  this  first  IOmeter 
QRP  beacon. 

The  PY2AMI  call  is  the  Brazilian  hams 
league.  LABRE,  in  Americana  It  was 
granted  to  the  three  Brazilian  radio  ama- 
teurs who  were  responsible  for  the  trans- 
mittor  and  the  CW  Idem  Hying  call  mes- 
sage PY2VRX  Carlos  Felipe.  PY2FU2 
Jose  Roberto,  and  PY2CRI  D'Orsay. 

Reports  have  come  from  alt  Brazilian 
states,  from  as  far  as  SM4KRT(Borlange, 
Sweden),  LU9DDQ  (Buenos  Aires,  Argen- 
tina). VE3M8N  (Ontario,  Canada*.  DF5FP 
(Amseiwg.  Germany),  F3HQ  {Eau  bonne. 
France),  from  the  USA.  VVBiOLE. 
Massachusetts,  N6CSR,  Virginia,  and 
KA2LEB,  New  Jersey;  from  EA&EY 
{Canaries  Islands],  GD3FLWP  (Isle  of 
Mam,  GM3MHG  (Ayrshire,  Scotland). 
ZL1ATW  (New  Zealand).  PA38KS  {Nether* 
rands),  G5AQQ  {Romford.  England),  and 
many  other  places. 

Keep  an  eye  at  23.300  kHz  and  drop  a 
QSL  to  PY2AMi  Beacon  Project.  PO  Box 
31  or  PO  Bo*  1011,  13470  Americana.  Sao 
Paulo,  Brazil.  South  America  Carlos 
Felipe,  Jose  Roberto,  and  D'Orsay  will 
sure  appreciate  your  report 

QRP  IN  BRAZIL 

QRP  operation  In  Brazil  is  getting  a 
pusfy  not  only  because  of  ell  the  fun,  not 
only  because  of  new  equipment  and  ler- 


DXPEDITION 


FERNANDO  DE  NORONHA  rS 


ONLY 

2  WAY 

CW 


Boi  15Q2i  24QOWJrterot    R>- 


PY$FE*$  QSL  Ron  is  ratify  fond  of  CW  operaf/ons  as  you  can  see  aasiiy  (torn  she  number 
at  CW  groups  He's  fred  to 


rifle  prices,  and  not  even  because  of  its 
no-TV  I  advantages,  QRP  Is  growing  as  an 
immediate  consequence  of  CW  groups 
spread  all  over  Brazilian  territory,  and 
even  a  QRP  group  was  born  from  this, 
bringing  to  all  radio  amateurs  {and  espe- 
cially lo  newcomers}.  Love  for  CW  oper- 
ation. Easy-io-build  transceivers  and 
transmitters  are  a  very  strong  call  to  the 
QRP  world,  especially  in.  the  CW  mode. 

What?  Still  talking  about  a  nocode  li- 
cense? Why  -don't  you  think  big?  Why 
don't  you  try  to  be  a  "real' h  radio  amateur 
and  Join  all  the  fun? 

de  PY1CC 


ECUADOR 

0  PatncfO  Recaide  S  HQ2PP 

PO  Box  511 

Guayaquil 

Ecuador 

Last  July  1 1,  at  D72B  hours,  there  was  an 
aviation  crash  in  which  119  people  died. 
The  location  was  four  kilometers  from  the 
airport  of  Cuenca,  the  third  largest  city  In 
Ecuador. 

By  0745 ,  the  SAR  (Servicio  a!  a  de 
Rescatej.  had  an  emergency  net  operating 
on  40  and  2  meters. 

With  the  cooperation  of  radio  amateurs, 
the  SAR,  part  of  the  Air  Force  of  Ecuador 
(FAE),  was  formed  last  year. 

The  area  of  the  accident  was  easily 
covered  by  three  repeaters,  two  from  the 
Cuenca  Radio  Club  and  the  other  one 
from  the  Guayaquil  Radio  Club.  The  am* 
teurs  from  Cuenca  were  at  the  place  of  the 
tragedy  within  minutes,  and  the  reports 
were  that  there  was  nobody  alive.  At  0810, 
Guayaquil  sent  radio  equipment  and  one 
amateur,  by  helicopter.  At  0600,  there 
were  military  people  with  amateurs  from 
Cuenca  covering  the  place.  The  repeater 
that  was  used  was  monitored  by  HC5KA. 
who  was  handling  all  the  communication. 
He  assigned  different  places  for  emergen- 
cy handling,  hospitals.  Red  Cross,  fire 
department*  police,  and  military. 

At  0915  another  helicopter  was  airborne 
to  Cuenca  from  Guayaquil,  and  ihen,  sue 
cesaively.  three  small  planes  were  air- 
borne to  Cuenca.  At  this  time,  we  all  got  to 
know  that  there  were  no  Survivors,  and 
then  our  task  goi  very  sad. 

We  began,  on  40  meters,  to  call  rela- 
tives in  different  parts  of  the  country  and 


to  locate  people  who  were  supposed  to  be 
In  that  plane  but  apparently  were  not. 

There  was  a  call  through  20  meters  to 
England  to  led  to  some  people  there  of  an 
Englishman  who  died  in  ihe  accident 

At  midday,  the  emergency  was  under 
control.  The  SAR  had  handled  the 
emergency  In  an  extremely  organized 
way  But  f  13  dead!  We  hope  thai  this  kind 
of  accident  doesn't  happen  again. 


CANADA 

{Raptlnr&d  from  ttm  CARF  News  Service 
Radio  News,  No.  14/33.  by  permission  Of 
the  Canadian  Amateur  Radio  Federation, 
inc.) 

According  to  reports  from  maritime  am 
ateurs,  the  DOC  has  taken  action  against 
*  ring  of  Illegal  radio  operators  by  seizing 
equipment  and  dismantling  antennas  In 
New  Glasgow,  Nova  Scotia.  Among  the 
equipment  seized  was  amateur  gear  modi- 
fied to  operate  from  6  to  25  MHz.  The 
group  operates  in  and  out  of  the  amateur 
bands,  with  us  own  callsigns  and  QSL 
cards  Halifax  amateurs  reported  that 
they  were  asked  by  Ihe  DOC  to  inform  the 
Department  of  related  "boot leg"  activities. 
The  enforcement  action  Is  being  taken  in 
cooperation  with  other  countries.  The 
DOC  has  not  given  out  any  details  as  the 
mailer  Is  still  under  investigation.  Prose- 
cutions witt  'ikely  follow. 

tn  what  may  be  a  spin-off  from  the  re- 
cent sale  or  a  Candu  nuclear  reactor  to 
Rumania,  Keith  Jones  VE3MH  has  re- 
ceived permission  from  that  government 
to  operate  as  VE3MH/YO  m  Bucharest 
Keith,  who  works  for  External  Affairs,  was 
to  have  been  on  the  T5-,  10-.  and  20-meter 
bands  since  October  1st.  The  warm-up  In 
diplomatic  relations  apparently  resulted 
in  this  first  such  authority  and  also  could 
account  for  two  other  firsts,  both  to  Cana- 
dians— the  issuing  of  a  fishing  license  to 
one  end  permission  to  pursue  his  hobby 
of  parachuting  to  another.  II  put  Keith  one 
up  In  the  diplomatic  community  as  even 
the  US  ambassador  in  Bucharest,  who  is 
an  amateur,  couldn't  get  the  okay  to  oper- 
ate there.  Incidentally,  Keith's  good  tor- 
tune  Is  a  one- shot  special  permission  as 
there  is  no  reciprocal  operating  arrange- 
ment between  Canada  and  Rumania. 

Scores  of  amateurs  were  present  at  Ihe 
Royal  Canadian  Corps  of  Signals  reunion 
and    80th    anniversary    ceremonies    on 


Labor  Day  weekend  in  Kingston,  Ontario. 
More  than  two  thousand  signallers,  wives, 
and  girlfriends  participated  in  the  three 
days  of  ceremonies,  banquet,  and  bar  De- 
que About  a  thousand  veterans  look  part 
in  the  impressive  march  past,  making  a 
real  good  show  considering  it  was  forty  or 
more  years  since  they  had  left  the  VI my 
Barracks  training  center. 

Unfortunately  Canadian  amateurs  are 
spectators  only  in  a  situation  which  would 
affect  them  directly  if  the  FCC  proposal 
for  a  no-code  license  goes  through.  A  mili- 
tant group  calling  Itself  the  "American  CB 
Trucking  Alliance J  is  pressuring  US  leg  is- 
lators  for  a  far  more  permissive  aproach 
to  Ihe  code-free  ticket  than  Ihe  one  pro- 
posed by  the  FCC.  The  group  wants  all  CB 
11 -meter  operators  eligible  for  amateur 
status  in  any  new  code  less  license  class. 
Most  Of  this  crew  are  operating  illegally. 
US  amateur  organizations  are  meeting  Ihe 
FCG  head-on  in  this  one,  with  the  peren- 
nial champion  of  the  American  amateur. 
Senator  Barry  Gofdwater.  leading  the 
charge,  with  the  assistance  of  other  legis- 
lators 

Thanks  to  the  assistance  of  Ihe  Minis 
ter  of  Communications,  Francis  Fox. 
three  CARF  handbooks  are  being  trans- 
laterj  into  French,  to  be  published  by 
CARF  in  1984,  The  Regulations  Handbook 
is  in  the  process  of  translation  now. 

Hopes  may  not  he  realized  to  have  the 
ARRL  OXCC  list  graced  with  a  special  pre- 
fix for  St  Paul  and  Sable  Islands,  as  they 
are  based  on  the  assumption  that  they  are 
not  under  any  provincial  Jurisdiction.  They 
are,  however,  very  much  a  part  of  Nova 
Scotia's  territory,  according  to  the  federal 
Privy  Council  Office. 

Regional  Notes  Midwest— Norm 
Wait  ho  VE5AE  has  taken  over  the  VE5 
OSL  Bureau  in  addition  to  his  other  ac- 
tivities, including  the  "CARF  Family 
Hour"  on  3770  kHz  at  0215  Zulu  Atlan- 
tic—Leigh  Hawkes  VE1ZN  will  be  starting 
a  CARF  Regional  Net  soon.  On- 
tario— CraiQ  Howie  VE3HWN.  who  has 
been  very  active  in  CARF,  has  resigned 
his  directorship  as  he  has  moved  to 
Calgary  with  a  new  Job. 


CYPRUS 

Arts  Kapontdas  584JE 
PO  Box  )  723 
Llmassoi 
Cyprus 

NEWS  FROM  CYPRUS 

On  the  3rd  and  4th  of  September,  we 
had  the  National  Field  Day  Contest.  In 
this  contest,  three  club  stations  took  part: 
the  Nicosia  Club  5B4NC.  the  Larnaca 
Club  584LC,  and  the  Paphos  Technical 
School  Club  5B4KX  Many  amateurs 
helped  In  the  setting  up  and  operating  of 
the  stations,  which  shows  that  interest  In 
amateur  radio  in  Cyprus  is  growing. 

All  stations  have  sent  me  a  report  on 
their  operations,  and  I  start  first  with  the 
Nicosia  report  which  was  sent  to  me  by 
OM  SB41T. 

A  few  days  before  the  atari  of  Field  Day, 
an  initial  scouting  °Y  5B4iT  and  John 
5B4MC  around  the  capital,  Nicosia, 
resulted  in  finding  a  nice  hill  celled  Kam- 
bia  Early  In  the  morning  of  Field  Day, 
5B4NM  (Marios),  534MB  (YL  Marianne), 
5B4LF  (Andreas),  and  5B4MF  (Spyros) 
went  to  the  site  and  Inst  ailed  di  poles  for 
10m,  15m,  20m,  and  40m.  They  also  put  up 
a  4-band  vertical  antenna.  Around  noon. 

73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     77 


5B4MC  and  5S4JT  arrived  win  i he  rest  of 
the  gear,  including  a  Sommerkamp  FT-277 
and  a  gasoline  generator.  Then  the  anten- 
nas were  tuned  and  all  was  ready  for  the 
afternoon,  All  sat  In  the  shade  (temper- 
ature 35°  C)  and  had  a  beer  and  a  snack. 
5B4M0  (Georgei  arrived  in  the  afternoon 
bringing  the  East  supplies  of  food  and  an 
IO720  transceiver 

At  1800  hours,  the  contest  started  with 
MF  first  lo  operate.  Around  2000,  the  tire 
tor  the  barbecue  was  started,  but  Lhe 
transceiver  never  slop  peek  operating.  At 
about  2330.  5B4BD  (Anton* »}  became 
Quite  hungry  and  so  the  charcoal  fire  was 
started  again.  Nobody  slept  that  night  un 
til  very  early  in  the  morning  when  one  by 
one,  each  In  turn  had  a  short  nap.  Break- 
fast was  Served  by  584 MD  During  lhe 
contest  propagation  was  poor,  and  a  final 
total  of  937  contacts  was  made.  Every- 
body In  the  group  enjoyed  both  the  barbe- 
cue and  lhe  contest,  but  it  is  rather  diffi- 
cult to  decide  in  which  order. 

The  Larnaca  Club  activities  were  re- 
ported to  me  by  the  main  leader  of  Lhe 
group>  5B4GJ  (Errlcos)  The  Installation  o! 
the  tent  and  generator  was  done  by 
5B4EA  5B4GJ,  and  their  harmonics.  The 
site  was  3Vi  miles  outside  Larnaca  City, 
by  the  seaside.  Di  poles  for  10m,  15m.  20m, 
and  40m  were  installed  by  5B4DM  and 
5B4SP.  Main  operators  for  the  contest 
were  5B4DM.  5B4JW.  and  5B4SP.  Ai  the 
site,  also  present  and  helpful  with  opera- 
tion, were  5B4EN.  5&4KY.  5B4FM,  and 
564  AHt  who  repaired  the  transceiver 
which  was  used.  Only  160  contacts  were 
made  due  to  poor  propagation,  and  also 
the  station  was  operated  only  until  mid* 
night  Saturday  and  during  the  early  morn- 
ing on  Sunday.  According  to  Cyprus  tradi- 
tion, everybody  enjoyed  tola  of  food  and 
drinks,  such  as  wine,  ouzo,  beer,  and 
whiskey 

The  Paphos  group  reported  to  me  via 
2m  that  they  set  up  their  tent  and  station  a 
few  miles  outside  Paphos,  by  the  seaside. 
The  station  was  operated  by  5B4JH  (An 
rjreasj,  5&4JX  {Sotos).  5B4MG  iDimitrisL 
S&4AI  {Paul),  who  is  also  J28AI,  and  a 
group  of  pupils  of  the  Paphos  Technical 
School  club  station,  5B4KX.  The  Paphos 
group  reports  that  they  made  around  450 
contacts.  So  the  Nicosia  Club  is  the  win* 
t\er  for  this  year's  contest. 

The  Umassoi  group  hopes  to  take  part 
in  the  contest  next  year,  and  we  generally 
hope  thai  more  Cyprus  amateurs  will  be 
taking  pari  In  conlesis— not  only  local 
ones  but  also  international  ones. 


S3l*5Si 


^r^ 


GREAT  BRITAIN 

Jeff  Mayntrd  64E J  A 
tO  Churchfietds 
Witines  WAS  9RP 
Cheshire 
England 

THE  UK  SCENE 

I  have  mentioned  before  the  problems 
Of  intrusion  on  the  amateur  bands  by  il- 
legal operators.  This  has  usually  meant 
CBers  moving  up  from  the  crowded 
27-MHz  band  Into  the  bottom  of  our  ex- 
clusive 10m  band.  Recently  a  new  menace 
has  presented  Itself  in  the  form  of  cord- 
less telephones. 

The  UK  has  for  many  years  had  a  very 
restricted  and  tightly -con  trolled  state  mo- 
nopoly of  teiecommuni  cat  ions  run  by  Brit- 
ish Telecom  ("formerly  The  Post  Office). 
BTs  obsession  with  technical  excellence 


and  paperwork  has  tong  frustrated  at- 
tempts to  introduce  modern  telecommu- 
nications facilities  (such  as  Key  phones, 
call-distribution  systems,  mobile  phones, 
electronic  exchanges,  and  so  on)  for 
business  and  domestic  use. 

It  Is  fair  to  say  that  BT  has  heeded  the 
Thatcher  government's  desire  for  liberali- 
zation and  competition  with  a  more  ag- 
gressive and  commercial  approach  to  its 
marketing.  However,  commercial  pres- 
sures have  ted  in  the  last  couple  of  years 
to  the  widespread  use  of  illegal  telephone 
equipment 

Included  in  this  category  is  the  cordless 
telephone  of  the  type  consisting  of  a  base 
station  and  remote  hand-held  or  mobile 
unit.  To  provide  full  duplex  communica- 
tion, these  cryslahcontrolled  units  oper- 
ate on  widely  separated  transmlNeceive 
frequencies.  Most  of  the  imported  units 
an  t  6-2  MH<-  and  49  7-49.9  MHz,  or 
43  6-49.9  MHz  and  7r>70  5  MHz. 

This  causes  interference  to  two  ama- 
teur bands  In  the  UK  since,  in  addition  to 
the  international  top-band  allocation  on 
160m.  we  have  an  allocation  at  4  meters 
(70  MHz>, 

With  an  estimated  10.000  Illegal  units 
operating  in  London  alone  and  using 
powers  up  to  lOO-mW  FM,  the  scale  of 
likely  interference  is  readily  appreciated. 
A  recent  report  compiled  for  the  Radio  So- 
ciety of  Great  Britain  by  G3TCT  has 
brought  a  measure  of  lhe  problem  to  the 
attention  oi  BTs  Radio  Interference  Ser- 
vice. (Recent  legislation  provides  for  legal 
operation  of  cordless  phones  on  1,632- 
1.702  MHz  and  47.45-47,554  MHz.) 

DECLINE  OF  UK  CB? 

As  predicted  by  a  number  of  pundits, 
the  growth  In  the  UK  CB  market  has  not 
continued,  CB  has  not  and  is  not  likely  to 
replace  hi-fi  or  video  as  the  dominant  con- 
sumer electronics  market. 

A  recent  statement  In  the  House  of 
Commons  by  Alexander  Fletcher,  Secre- 
tary ol  State  for  Trade  and  Industry, 
pointed  out  that  although  453,000  CB  It- 
censes  were  issued  since  legalization  in 
November,  196 1,  only  some  2B5.000  are 
still  valid.  The  general  impression  one 
gets  Irom  the  scale  for  lack)  of  C9  adver- 
tising and  the  demise  of  most  of  the 
st  reel -corner  equipment  shops  suggests 
that  UK  CB  is  no  longer  significant 

NOVICE  LICENSE? 

The  government  has  again  rejected 
suggestions  thai  e  Novice  amateur  li- 
cense be  Introduced  to  allow  code-tree, 


mini  mum- technical -knowledge  access  10 
lhe  amateur  bands.  It  is  felt  that  nothing 
should  be  done  which  would  reduce  the 
high  standard  of  operating  and  technical 
proficiency  shown  to  date  by  the  Amateur 
Service,  I  doubt  that  few  readers  will  dis- 
agree with  that, 

***** 

Tne  RSGB  breaks  some  new  ground 
with  the  election  of  Bob  Barrett  as  Its 
president  for  1984.  As  well  as  being  Welsh 
and  only  In  his  early  forties,  Bob  holds  a 
class  B  VHF-only  calisign  {GW8HEZ}  Bob 
is  the  first  class  B  license  holder  to  be 
elected  tor  this  high  office. 

Anyone  contemplating  a  visit  to  the  UK, 
or  just  Interested  In  the  latest  happenings 
over  here,  might  like  to  call  the  RSGB 
Headline  News  Service  for  some  recorded 
comment  The  number  to  call  is  44  707 
59312L 

On  the  subject  of  telephone  numbers, 
reference  orbits  {and  other  information) 
for  UoSAT  {OSCAR  9)  can  be  heard  on  44 
4&3  61202. 


Manos  Darkadakis  SV1IW 
Box  2305  f 
Athens  112W 
Greece 

In  my  previous  column,  I  mentioned  the 
new  frequencies  now  in  use  by  Greek 
amateurs. 

By  the  time  you  read  this,  you  probably 
will  have  heard  some  of  them  working 
around  the  new  bands.  On  160  meters,  you 
may  find  Charlie  SvflAA  <e*  3V0VVTT) 
Charlie  Is  an  old-timer  coming  from  the 
States  but  living  permanently  In 
Greece— for  about  20  years  now.  He  is 
well  known  among  CW  operators  world- 
wide and  he  is  really  enjoying  t60  tun  with 
his  brand  new  Corsair  from  Ten-Tec  and  a 
center-loaded  vertical  Of  course,  Charlie 
1$  not  the  Only  one  down  there,  but  he  is 
probably  the  only  one  on  CW  (If  I  find  a 
solution  to  the  antenna  problem.  I  will  cer- 
tainty Join  him.) 

There  are  also  some  SVs  on  30  meters 
and  there  will  be  more  as  soon  as  interest 
grows. 


Finally,   for  you  OSCAR   enthusiasts, 
SViOE  and  SVi  AB  are  almost  daily  In  AM 
SAT's  new  bird,  offering  both  SSB  and  CW 
to  the  satellite  DX  chasers. 

By  the  way,  if  anyone  has  a  problem  get- 
ting a  QSL  out  of  my  fellow  SV  amateurs 
(including  me)  or  needs  a  sked  on  some 
particular  banoVmode.  I  will  be  more  than 
happy  to  help. 

September  and  October  are  contest 
months,  so  as  I  write  this  many  Greek 
radio  amateurs  are  ready  for  the  big 
events  during  these  months  In  a  contest, 
not  only  can  you  upgrade  your  operating 
skill  and  represent  your  country,  but  also 
you  can  pick  up  some  new  ones,  and  this 
makes  the  effort  very  well  rewarded. 

So,  antennas  have  been  tested  and 
tuned  for  optimum  performance,  radios 
have  been  checked,  and  arrangements 
have  been  made  for  (he  XYL  and  kids  to 
spend  a  pleasant  weekend  at  her  sister's 
(or  mother's)  place  away  from  lhe  shack 
jungle  where  the  cannibals  will  scream 
and  yell  at  the  microphone  for  48  hours! 


Starting  cars  being  f  fagged  off  at  the  Pare  Ferme.  The  nam  operators  are  stationed  right 
under  the  banner  In  the  background. 


INDIA 

James  Kat&ssery  VU2ARL 

POBox  1446 

36*77  Monastery  floed 

Cochin  6S20t1 

India 

HIMALAYAN  CAR  RALLY 

Photos  by  C.  P.  Rivindrsnath 

The  third  Himalayan  Car  Rally  was  one 
of  the  toughest  rallies  in  the  world  and 
therefore  was  Indeed  a  challenge  for  the 
motorists.  So  was  it  also  for  the  hams  who 
provided  communications  for  the  orga- 
nizers. They  travelled  over  the  most  diffi- 
cull  tracks  of  the  rally,  along  spinechill- 
tog  but  beautiful  mountain  roads  high  up 
in  the  Himalayas, 

Thirty  radio  amateurs  from  different 
parts  of  the  country  converged  In  New 
Delhi  to  take  part  In  this  hectic  activity 
from  30th  October  to  6th  November,  1382. 
While  seven  were  stationed  at  the  Com- 
munications Headquarters  and  si*  were 
mobiling  on  different  legs  ot  lhe  rally*  17 
ware  manning  nine  different  base  sta- 
tions along  the  4000- km  track. 

Communications  Headquarters  was  lo- 
cated adjacent  to  the  headquarters  of  the 
organizers  in  the  Hotel  Maury  a  Sheraton. 
New  Demi  It  was  manned  by  VU9A1D 
Oasan.  VU99&J  Asu,  VUBNKft  Naresri, 
VU9RX  Vasanl.  VU9TN  Ram,  VU9VK  Kap, 
and  VU9YY  Rayu  in  three  shifts,  with  the 
special  call  VU9HRY.  Changing  shifts 
every  four  hours,  the  station  was  opera- 
tive on  80m.  40m,  Z0mH  and  2m  all  the  time. 
Three  separate  dipoies  for  the  HF  bands 
and  a  12-element  yagi  for  VHF.  all  on  top 
of  the  40-meter-high  hotel  roof,  were 
powered  by  a  TS^&30S,  Drake  TR  7,  loom 
720,  and  a  host  of  VHF  rlfls, 

VU9AIR  VUL  VU9FD  DJnesh,  VU9HSL 
Homi  VU9KIT  Chris.  VU9NA  Sasi,  and 
VU9PCD  Pradeep  were  manning  the  mo- 
bile stations  en  route,  All  ot  them,  except 
VlrSAlH  viji.  started  from  Bombay  and 
came  to  New  Delhi  where  they  branched 
off  In  different  directions.  All  of  them  were 
operating  throughout  the  rally,  providing 
most  valuable  support.  In  fact,  the  most 
adventurous,  daring,  and  back-breaking 
activity  of  all  was  that  of  the  mobiting 
hams. 

The  base  stations  were  located  ai 
Dehradun  and  Mussorie  {VU9LT  Ratna, 
VU9LR    Satya,    VU9BF    Kaliat,    Nainllal 


78     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


WITH  THE  R3 
NO  RADIAL 


10, 15,  20  METERS 


The  R3  half  wavelength  design  eliminates  the 
ground  radial  system  required  by  other  ver- 
ticals, Optimum  current  distribution  gives 
more  efficiency  and  low  angle  radiation  for  DX 
communications, 

R3  brings  high  performance  antenna  features 
to  those  living  in  apartments,  condominiums 
or  on  small  city  lots,  Even  If  you  have  plenty  of 
space,  R31s  combination  of  neat  appearance 
and  DX  capability  make  it  ideal  for  your  sta- 
tion. The  R3  includes  an  integral  turner  to  give 
a  perfect  match  across  10,  15,  and  20  meters. 
The  remote  tuning  feature  allows  easy  finger 
tip  control  as  you  operate  your  station. 

R3  is  a  complete  antenna  system  ready  to  in 
stall  in  virtually  any  location  from  ground  level 
to  roof  top. 

FEATURES 
3  dB  Gain,  ref  '  *A  whip 
No  Radtals 
360°  Coverage 
Integral  Tuner  with 

Remote  Control  Console  and  Indicator 
24  Volts  To  Tuner 
110  or  220  Volt  Operation 
75  ft  (22,9m)  Control  Cable  Included 
Only  22ft  (6.7mJ  High 
1  sq  ft  (.09  sq  m>  Space 
Self  Supporting 
Stainless  Steel  Hardware 
Mount:  Sleeve  Type  Fits  Pipe  Up  To 
1 V*  in  (4.5cm)  dia 

Can  Be  Easily  Stored  and  Set  Up  For 
Portable  or  Temporary  Operation 

Add  up  the  features — you'll  find  that  you  can 
have  ALL  OF  THIS  PERFORMANCE  without 
the  need  to  buy  tower,  rotator  and  associated 
hardware  »  IS  ANOTHER  PRODUCT 
CREATED  FOR  THE  ENJOYMENT  OF  YOUR 
HOBBY  BY  THE  WORLD  RENOWNED 
CUSHCRAFT  EHQiNEERING  DESIGN  TEAM. 


^141 


CORPORATION 


THE  ANTENNA  COMPANY 

48  Perimeter  Road,  P.O.  Box  4680 
Manchester,  NH  03108  USA 
TELEPHONE  603-627-7877 
TELEX  953-050  CUSHSIG  MAN 
AVAILABLE  THROUGH  DEALERS  WORLDWIDE 


-*-  See  L'sf  o*  AtSvertts&rs  oa  page  114 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     79 


(VU9SU  Subi.  VU3WC  Sesha).  Ranikhet 
(VUSKT  Dliip.  VU9VPR  Vilasj,  Narkhanda 
(VU9VMJ  Jadeja,  VU9VRG  Gopal),  Manah 
(VU9MMA  Mai  hew,  myself).  Simla 
(VU9SNM  Subhandu,  VU9XX  Pali!),  Mandi 
(VU9SRJ  Ramur  VU9POP  Prakash),  and 
Ral  (VU9GSI  Gurudev  VU9JS1  JaSvlnder), 
all  along  the  royte  of  the  tally. 

Originally,  one  mote  station  was 
planned  at  Khoksar  (tO.OOO-foot  altitude), 
but  we  had  to  cancel  4  since  the  rally  it- 
self  went  only  up  to  Marni.  a  little  beyond 
Ma nali,  due  to  snow-clad  roads. 

Most  of  the  base  stations  were  on  HF 
bands.  However,  some  operated  both  [Ma* 
nail,  Simla)  and  one  VHF  only 
(Narkhartda)  The  setup  at  each  of  the  sta- 
tions was  decided  on  the  basis  of  the  stir* 
vey  done  earlier  by  VU9RX  Vasant 

VU9MMA  and  I  were  assigned  to  Ma- 
naii.  which  was  the  northern  tip  of  irte  rally 
route-  At  Maria! I  the  rally  stopped  for  a 
night  and  returned  from  Marhi  during  the 
next  day  So  Manaii  was  considered  an 
important  regrouping  control  point 

We  were  staying  at  the  Hotel  Seas 
named  after  the  snowy  fiver  flowing  by  its 
side.  We  had  a  trap  dipole  for  6Qm,  40  m. 
and  20m  supplied  by  VU9RX  Vasant, 
which  we  put  across  the  river  (ISO  feet 
wide)  at  a  height  of  about  BO  feet  above 
the  water  level-  The  other  40m  and  20m 
combination  inverted  V,  wtiich  I  had 
brought  along,  was  put  up  at  the  Pare 
Ferme  (where  the  vehicles  were  parked  for 
the  haiti,  about  20fl  meters  away  trom  the 
hotel.  Tne  3  piece,  12-element  2m  ZL 
beam  was  moved  around  quite  a  fail  when- 
ever we  needed  It, 

In  spite  of  Manaii  being  a  very  impor- 
tant control  point,  we  had  only  one  HF  rig 
I  Kenwood  TS-1305)  and  one  VHF  rtg  (Icom 
I C  255 A)  lo  work  with.  Both  of  these  were 
worked  on  an  80- Ah  car  battery  which  was 
under  charge  all  the  time. 

The  propagation  conditions  changed 
so  rapidly  that  we  had  lo  keep  on  chang- 
ing bands,  one  after  I  he  olher  almost  ev- 
ery hour.  And  very  often,  we  had  to  get  the 
assistance  of  hams  m  southern  India  to 
relay  traffic.  But  generally  20m  stayed 
good  for  the  day  and  the  other  two  bands 
were  good  during  the  night,  Copy  from 
Hartii  on  2m  was  perfect  throughout. 

Until  the  cars  started  coming  in  on  the 
night  of  November  3rd.  wo  were  operating 
from  indoors,  either  relaying  for  some  oth- 
er rally  station  or  handling  traffic  for  the 
local  regrouping  control  officials.  But  we 
had  to  stay  outdoors  almost  the  entire 
night  once  the  cars  came.  And  outside,  it 
was  realty  cold  at  2a  C.  For  many  that  may 
not  seem  cold,  but  for  us  who  came  In 
from  far  south,  where  the  temperature  var- 
ies only  Between  26°  and  35°  C,  It  was 
really  very,  mry  cold  There  were  many  oc- 
casions while  operating  outdoors  when 
we  had  to  stop  talking  to  breathe! 

On  our  way  back  to  New  Delhi  on  No- 
vember 5th,  we  also  picked  up  VU9SRJ 
Ramu  and  VU9POP  Prakash  from  Mandi, 
whom  we  had  dropped  there  on  our  on- 
ward Journey.  In  the  prize-distribution  cer- 
emony (and  later  at  the  Rally  8a I n+  to 
wtiich  all  the  participating  hams  were  spe- 
cialty invited,  the  organliers  commented 
on  the  excellent  backup  we  all  had  pro- 
vided for  the  rally.  In  fact,  In  their  words, 
"We  only  organized  the  rally;  the  hams  ran 

itr 

The  whole  communications  network  or- 
ganized by  the  Federation  of  Amateur  Ra- 
dio Societies  of  India  iFARSii  was  steered 
by  «  committee  headed  by  VU9AIQ  (Chief 
Coordinator)  and  ably  assisted  by  VU9RX 
Vasant  and  VU9TN  Ram,  In  spite  of  all  the 
difficulties  with  climate,  food,  and  travel, 
all  of  us  really  enjoyed  rhis  activity  end 
are  looking  forward  lo  something  similar 
again. 

73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


VU9MMA  Mat  he*  and  VU9ARL  James  standing  outdoors  where  they  set  up  the  statmn 


noise  amplifier  to  his  receiving  setup  to 
aid  the  weak  signals.  His  elevation  a  I  an- 
tenna rotator  is  afso  home  conslructed. 

At  the  date  of  writing,  424 AG  had  con- 
tacted 30  countries  through  OSCAR  10.  re- 
porting that  its  apparent  range  from  Israel 
<s  from  New  Zealand  in  the  easi  to  Califor- 
nia in  the  west.  California  was  contacted 
using  at  the  lime  only  ten  Watts  of  CW\ 
and  the  station  sent  him  Hebrew  New 
Year's  greetings,  lo  Aharon's  great  Sur- 
prise! Aharon  thinks  lhat  contacts  with 
Hawaii  may  be  possible,  but  only  when 
the  satellite  is  in  a  very  particular  posi- 
tron 

Tne  amateur  radio  study  guide,  from  the 
Open  University's  Center  for  Technologi- 
cal Education,  mentioned  here  a  tew  col- 
li inns  back,  has  at  long  last  been  pub- 
1 1  shed  and  been  made  available  to  the 
public.  The  book  made  its  debut  in  August 
at  the  joint  pavillion  of  the  Israel  Amateur 
Radio  Club  and  tne  Center  for  Technologi- 
cal Education  at  "Youth  City"  in  the  Tel 
Aviv  fairgrounds 

Along  with  a  display  of  the  CTE's  edu- 
cational wares— various  courses  and 
books  in  the  technological  fields— spe- 
cial-events station  4X4CET  was  operated 
around  the  clock,  interested  visitors  were 
given  explanations  and  encouraged  to 
sign  up  lor  the  next  courses  to  be  given  at 
4X4HQ.  Special  mention  must  be  made  of 
Naomi  4X6DW  ior  her  efforts  in  setting  up 
the  station  and  coercing  people  to 
operate  it! 


ISRAEL 

Ron  Gsng  4Z4MK 
Kibbutz  Urtm 
Negev  Mobile  Post  Oft  fee 
B5530  Israel 

In  the  last  edition  ol  this  column*  I  re- 
ported on  the  Israel'  VHF  scene  and  men- 
tioned Bruno  4X4 OH" s  pioneering  work 
with  the  first  OSCAR  satellites 

It  is  with  pleasure  that  i  can  write  that 
with  the  successful  launching  and  opera 
tlon  of  AMSAT  OSCAR  10,  Aharon  4Z4AG 
Bruno's  student  from  the  Tel  Aviv  Club 
4X4HQ  in  me  class  ol  1966,  was  following 
in  his  footsteps  on  that  historic  afternoon 
of  August  6th  when  trie  satellite's  tran- 
sponder was  turned  on  The  other  Israeli 
station  making  contacts  through  the  bird 
was  thai  of  Abe  4X41X 

Aharon,  well  known  in  ham  circles  here 
for  his  high  degree  of  technical  proficien- 
cy had  bis  Mode  8  station  already  stand- 
by on  the  day  of  the  launch.  His  pea 
largely  home  brew— the  receiving  con- 
verter, transmitting  amplifier  and  anten- 
nas. The  70c enii meter  transm liter  is  a 
Kenwood  TR'9500;  for  receiving  he  uses  a 
crossed  yagi,  and  he  transmits  on  a  heli- 
cal antenna   Aharon  wants  to  add  a  low- 


^ALl-LEr+HIGHWAY  A 

ONE    OF    THE  ' 

HIGHEST    MOUNTAIN     ROAD, 
IN    THE    WORLD 


JL 


CtWSTRUCTKB^ 


BORDER  ROADS 


Emu    cowwt  hhkt 

UMX  STATH* 

WARL  /  W9MMA 


fflSUW 


So.  after  two  thousand  years,  the  first 
ham  study  book  has  been  published  in  the 
Hebrew  language.  Although  this  well-put- 
together  and  attractive  work  is  intended 
only  for  the  grade  C  Novice  ticket,  it  is  so 
thorough  that  it  gives  a  good  background 
for  the  higher-class  graded  license.  The 
Center,  so  it  ts  said,  has  at  present  no  in- 
tention of  putting  out  a  higher  level 
course  Instead,  they  are  making  available 
a  bibliography  of  their  other  books  which 
cover  the  technical  topics  of  the  grade~@ 
exam,  such  that  the  reader  of  the  Hebrew 
language  will  not  be  left  high  and  dry 
when  he  wishes  to  upgrade. 

The  lARC  Events  Committee  has  been 
busy  making  plans,  including,  in  May.  a 
world  conference  of  radio  amateurs  to  be 
centered  around  the  Israel  Independence 
Day  celebrations.  Arrangements  are  to  be 
made  wiih  various  travel  agencies  and  the 
Ministry  of  Communications,  When  more 
details  are  available,  they  shall  be  rushed 
to  73,  In  February,  there  I s  to  be  a  national 
hamtest  which  win  include  the  raffle  of 
equipment  and  "junk"  mat  was  missing  at 
the  Annual  Assembly,  National  Field  Day 
is  planned  for  the  spring,  March  20,  1934 

A  new  committee  has  come  Into  be- 
ing—the Contest  Committee,  Meeting  at 
the  QTH  of  Mike  4X6DF,  they  set  tor  them- 
selves the  following  aims:  the  creahon  of 
an  Israeli  worldwide  contest,  updating  the 
rules  ol  the  Spring  Contest  (menl toned  In 
the  September.  TS83,  issue),  liaison  with 
the  Mimsiry  ol  Communications  and  for- 
eign magazines,  and  the  formation  of  a 
big  guns  all -star  contest  team  to  Operate 
In  the  multi-multi  class  Good  luck  in  the 
Contest! 

On  the  social  front,  there  have  been 
meetings  Of  both  the  OtdTlmers,  with  Oz- 
2le  4X4CW  at  the  helm,  and  the  Voung- 
Ttmers,  wJth  Rami  4X8FH  coordinating 
get  togethers.  The  Jerusalem  Club,  meet- 
ing on  (the  first  Thursday  evening  of  each 
month,  extends  its  Invitation  to  all  visiting 
amateurs.  The  profusion  of  visitors  from 
•broad  was  SO  great  at  a  previous  meeting 
that  the  proceedings  were  conducted  in 
Engush  under  the  capable  leadership  of 
Ben  4Z4ZA! 

I  have  both  good  news  and  bad  news  for 
the  seekers  Of  the  coveted  Jerusalem 
Award,  First  the  good  news:  Only  8  IRCs 
will  be  required  instead  of  TO  Secondly 
4X4JW  has  informed  me  of  the  following 
changes  Seven  contacts  with  Jerusalem 
shall  be  needed  instead  of  Vive,  and  three 
additional  contacts  must  be  made  witn 
other  Israeli  stations.  QSLs  go  to  4X6AA 
(Dr.  Milt  Gordon.  P0  Box  4079,  Jerusalem, 
Israel) 

To  help  you  out  with  this  difficult 
award,  active  Jerusalem  amateurs  in- 
clude 4K49  JW,  OH.  U  RJ-  SO,  and  WP; 
4Z4S  JS,  SM.  SW.  US,  ZA  and  ZB;  4X6s  AA 
BM,  CJ.  CQ,  and  GH.  G32C2  and  WB65ZB, 
both  portable  4X.  There  are  probably  oth 
era.  but  these  are  known  to  me  as  active 
on  HF,  Check  out  the  high  end  of  20  me- 
ters SSB  after  2100  GMT 


VU9MMA.  Mat  hew,  VU9ARL  Jnme$,  and  their  Mends  ftml  outside  the  hotel  on  the  bank  of 
River  Bees 


ITALY 

Gttncarfo  ManettimXR 
Via  Bevignenh  IB 
901G2  Rome 
Italy 

Nicola  Senna  IflSNY,  breaks  his  own 
world  record  from  Ceo  la,  EA9.  to  Italy: 

Continued  on  page  T34 


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73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     81 


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Living  on  a  Shoestring 

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A  Guide  to  Ham  Radio 

Find  out  what  it  takes  to 
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Study  Guides 

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82     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


THE  CONTINENTAL  ^UWliTlE 


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73  Magazine  *  January,  1984    83 


On  the  Move  with  10  FM! 

These  modifications  for  Comtronix  and  Azden  rigs 

will  get  you  on  your  feet  in  a  hurry. 


F.  W.  "Andy"  Anderson  WTAR 
8041  31  Avenue  NW. 
Seattle  WA  9B117 


I 


What  aspect  of  modern 
ham  radio  could 
cause  a  75-year-old  "recy- 
cled teenager"  to  tumble 
back  into  a  medium  which 
devoured  his  spare  time  as 
far  back  as  1928?  The  excite- 
ment and  freshness  of  FM 
on  ten  meters  did  it  coupled 
with  the  fact  that  you  can 
carry  by  shoulder  strap  a  to- 
tally portable  station  feed- 
ing 14  Watts  rf  into  a 
7.9-foot  whip. 

Owners  of  transceivers 
like  the  Comtronix  F/W£0 
and  Azden  may  benefit 
from  my  tinkering -which 
included  adding  a  2  5-mH  rf 
choke  where  the  hot  mike 
lead  enters  the  chassis,  to 


kill  audio  squeal  from  rf 
entering  the  transceiver 
through  the  mike  cord, 

Discarding  the  whip  which 
came  with  the  Radio  Shack 
CB  kit  (No.  21  -941  A),  the 
ceramic  cone  and  sturdy 
aluminum  bracket  gave  me 
the  necessary  and  secure 
antenna  support  My  FM-80 
had  two  knurled  screws  on 
each  side  of  the  clamshell 
case,  intended  for  U-bracket 
mounting  under  the  dash.  I 
used  these  screws  and  holes 
to  fasten  two  suitably 
shaped  1/B-inch-thick  dural 
plates  to  which  not  only  the 
whip-mounting  bracket  could 
be  fastened,  but  also  the 
studs  holding  each  end  of 


Andy  and  his  rig. 
84    73  Magazine  •  January,  1964 


Gose-vp  of  the  rig. 


the  Superscope  tape-deck 
shoulder  strap.  !n  this  way, 
no  drilling  of  the  clamshell 
was  necessary  except  for  the 
minibox  mounting. 

I  experimented  through  a 
succession  of  whips  to  settle 
on  a  unit  7  9  feet  long,  con- 
sisting of  a  bottom  section 
of  31  inches  of  3/16"  flexible 
aluminum  rod,  the  upper 
end  of  which  was  threaded 
to  fit  an  appropriate  hole  in 
the  base  of  an  8-section  tele- 
scoping whip,  available  for 
$.99  from  Etco  Electronics 
in  Pittsburgh,  New  York. 
(Get  on  their  mailing  list; 
you'll  not  regret  it!)  This 
makes  an  extremely  light, 
portable  whip. 

The  heavy  aluminum  right- 
angle  bracket  (part  of  the 
ceramic  cone  msulator)  was 
painstakingly  rasped  into 
shape  and  made  to  swivel 
through  a  short  arc  from  a 
central  hole  with  10-32 
thread  screws  into  the  dural 
plate.  This  allowed  the  whip 
to  be  vertical  whether  the 
FM-80  was  shoulder-carried 
or  operated  from  a  card 
table  outdoors. 

A  Bud  CU-2102-B  minibox 
was  secured  to  the  clam- 
shell with  440  tapping  and 
screws  to  hold  the  trans- 
match  network— same  as 
Ten-Tec's  247  unit  I  settled 
for  ten  turns  of  No.  22 
enamel  on  a  1/4-inch  bake- 
lite  rod.  The  10O*pF  (each 
section)  2-gang  capacitor 
may  be  hard  to  come  by, 


although  Etco  has  one  with 
45  pF  per  section  that  will 
work  (No.  151  jK,  made  in 
England).  I  am  actually  us- 
ing only  about  40  pF  each 
section  for  an  excellent  1 .1 :1 
swr  into  the  whip. 

I  dismantled  several  Meiss- 
ner  mica  compression  pad- 
ders  to  come  up  with  one 
10OpF  capacity  feeding  the 
whip.  It  was  a  most  pleasant 
surprise  to  find  that  the 
Radio  Shack  Micronta  3- 
way  CB  tester  (No.  21-526A) 
of  10- Watt  rating  would  han- 
dle our  14  Watts  (up  against 
the  pin)  with  no  sweat  Un- 
fortunately, the  coax  fittings 
extended  out  the  top  sur- 
face„  Identical  holes  were 
drilled  and  reamed  out  the 
bottom;  fortunately,  the  PC 
board  inside  could  be  tipped 
so  that  its  coax  outlets  were 
convenient  for  my  use. 

An  swr  reading  should  al- 
ways be  available  while 
walking  with  this  rig.  Two 
access  grommet  holes  in  the 
minibox  permit  one  to  make 
corrections  for  minimum 
swr  before  starting  out  Hold 
the  mike  to  your  face  in  the 
same  attitude  and  the  swr 
will  remain  low.  When  the  rf 
power  meter  on  the  FM-80 
falls  to  mid-scale  in  trans- 
mit the  nicads  should  not 
be  discharged  further;  the  re- 
ceiver itself  should  be  turned 
off.  These  batteries  should 
never  be  totally  discharged. 

I  have  not  regretted  using 
the  BP20A-11  nicad  battery 
pack     of     23-Ah     capacity 


C3 

100  pF 

COMPRESSION 


52«  IN:*- 


Cl> 


100  pF 
l  EA  V4ft 
/ONLY    40Sf 

in   ACTUAL    U5E 
EACH    SECTION 


#- 


73  fi  #nrp 


CZj 


LI 

j ENAMEL    ON    i/4m    &AKEUTE 
'  flOD 


TRANSMATCH    NETWORK  IN  MrWifiO* 


m 


Fig.  1.  Transmatch  network  in  the  minibox. 


(from  Alexander  Mfg.  Co.  in 
Mason  City,  Iowa)  and  their 
20-11  charger  is  guaranteed 
not  to  overcharge  this  unit. 
Fully  charged  in  10  hours,  its 
14  volts  provides  about  three 
hours  of  operating  fun,  Sti- 
ver duct  tape  secures  the 
battery  pack  and  swr  meter 
case  to  the  clamshell 

In  passing,  Azden/Com- 
tronix-type  transceivers  in- 
tended for  portable  use  will 
eventually  have  to  go  to 
LCD  frequency /channel  read- 


outs since  LEDs  in  daylight 
are  useless. 

While  testing  this  unit  in 
my  basement  workshop  sev- 
eral feet  below  ground  level, 
the  whip  lying  horizontally, 
N4JB  in  Germantown,  North 
Carolina,  couldn't  believe 
the  circumstances  for  the 
boffo  signal  he  copied!  Op- 
erating it  on  a  card  table 
outdoors  feeding  a  Cush- 
craft  Ringo-10  right  from  the 
swr  meter,  the  world  is  your 
oyster  See  you  on  ten  FM!  ■ 


The  modification  of  the  antenna-mounting  bracket. 


The  transmatch  innards  in  the  minibox. 

73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     85 


Dennis  Sladen  VEWZI 
Site  16Ar  Sox  4,  RR  #4 
Armdale,  Nova  Scotia 
Canada  B3L  414 


Thank  You  for  Listening 

Build  this  simple  speech  expander  and  stop  shouting. 
Your  DX  friends  will  thank  you  and  the  QSLs  will  roll  in 


A  versatile  little  chip 
called  an  electronic  at- 
tenuator and  manufactured 
under  the  brand  code 
MC3340P  is  the  heart  of  this 
unit  When  used  ahead  of 
my  old  war-horse  — the 
Heathkit  SB-401  transmit- 
ter—it certainly  adds  a  few 
S  units  when  trying  to  make 
a  QSO  through  the  QRM. 

In  Fig.  1,  the  MC3340  is 
shown  being  used  as  a  basic 
remote  volume  control  The 
advantage  of  this  circuit  is 
that  the  remotely  located 
potentiometer  does  not 
need  cumbersome  shielded 
leads  directly  connected  to 
a  sensitive  mike  or  other 
low-level  audio  input.  When 
pin  2  is  held  high  [up  to  +6 
V  del  the  audio  will  be  fully 
expanded —  approximately 
O-dB  attenuation.  If  the  volt- 
age  at  pin  2  is  brought  down 
to  3.0  V  dc,  90-dB  atten- 
uation is  achieved  The  con- 
trol potentiometer,  when 
varied  between  4k  and  30k, 
theoretically  achieves  the 
0-dB-to-90-dB  attenuation, 

Based  upon  these  prem- 
ises, the  speech  expander/ 
clipper  came  into  being. 

The  input  transistor,  Q1, 
is  a  2N3819  and,  being  an 
FET,  serves  as  an  excellent 
high-impedance   buffer   for 

86     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


the  microphone  and  the 
MC3340.  Transistor  Q2  is  a 
2N1305  or  similar  transistor 
having  a  fairly  good  low- 
leakage  coefficient.  This 
transistor  serves  the  purpose 
of  dynamically  varying  the 
dc  voltage  at  pin  2  of  the 
MC3340. 

The  second  chip.  IC2,  is  a 
dual  op  amp,  i.e.,  an  LM358. 
Half  the  LM358  is  used  as  an 
ac  complex-non-inverting 
amplifier,  The  other  halt 
could  be  used  to  drive  a  VU 
meter  or  bar-graph  display 
which  can  be  used  to  moni- 
tor the  audio  output.  How- 
ever, the  first  half  of  the 
LM358  samples,  through  its 
pin  3,  a  portion  of  the  audio 
output  from  pin  7  of  the 
MC3340,  Based  upon  the 
setting  of  R3,  which  controls 
the  gain  of  the  LM358,  the 
sampled  portion  of  the 
audio  signal  triggers  a  con- 
trol voltage  to  appear  at  pin 
1  of  the  LM358.  This  control 
voltage  is  rectified  by  D1 
and  fed  to  the  base  of  Q2 
which  in  turn  controls  the 
gain  of  the  MC3340.  Thus, 
the  whole  circuit  acts  as  a 
sort  of  age  loop  with  R2  and 
R3  setting  the  attenuation 
thresholds. 

Most    of    the    pa  rts    a  re 
readily   available   at   your 


local  Radio  Shack,  except 
for  the  MC3340  and  possibly 
the  LM358,  for  which  they 
may  have  no  equivalent 
Any  op  amp  could  be  used 
for  1C2 — the  only  stipula- 
tion being  that  it  must  be 
able  to  work  off  a  single-rail 
supply.  The  prototype  unit 
that  I  built  used  an  LM741. 
but  it  required  two  9*V  bat- 
teries to  produce  the  dual- 
rail  supply,  I  suppose  the 
CA3140,  which  is  said  to 
have  a  better  slew  rate  than 
the  741,  could  have  been 
used  with  a  single-rail  sup- 
ply. However,  as  far  as  I 
know,  the  MC3340  has  no 
equivalent  Therefore,  this 
IC  will  have  to  be  obtained 
from  a  Motorola  dealer. 

The  printed  circuit  board 
is  fairly  easy  to  lay  out  and 
etch  and  should  be  no  prob- 
lem to  the  regular  construc- 
tor. In  the  Heathkit  SB-401, 
the  unit  can  be  built  inboard 
if  the  VU  meter/bar-graph 
display  is  not  included  The 
unit  is  more  accessible  with 
plenty  of  scope  for  expan- 
sion if  built  as  an  outboard 
addition,  in  which  case  the 
male  and  female  replicas  of 
the  microphone  connectors 
must  be  obtained 

Setting  up  the  attenua- 
tion thresholds  can  be  done 


accurately  and  quickly  if  a 
scope  is  available.  If  a  scope 
is  not  available,  plug  the 
microphone  into  the  input 
socket  and  clamp  the  leads 
of  a  pair  of  headphones  be- 
tween output  connector  and 
ground.  (Do  not  plug  the 
output  of  the  unit  into  the 
transmitter)  Turn  on  the 
crystal  calibrator  of  your 
receiver  and  adjust  the 
audio  output  of  the  receiver 
for  a  high-pitch  audio  note. 
If  the  scope  is  available, 
connect  it  to  the  output  con- 
nector of  the  unit 

Place  S1  in  the  BYPASS 
position.  Set  R2  for  mini* 
mum  resistance  from 
ground.  Set  R3  to  minimum 
resistance.  Set  R1  to  the 
halfway  mark,  Place  the  mi- 
crophone near  the  receiver's 
speaker.  If  S1  has  been  corn 
nected  appropriately,  a 
weak  tone  should  be  heard 
in  the  headphones  and  a  low 
audio  trace  should  appear 
on  the  scope 

Now  apply  power  to  the 

unit  and  set  S1  toOPERATE. 
If  all  has  been  connected 
well,  you  should  get  a  signi- 
ficant increase  in  audio 
level  at  the  output  Check 
the  voltage  at  TP1  with  a 
high-impedance  voltmeter, 
preferably  digital,  It  should 


read  2h  V  dc.  The  voltage  at 
TP3  should  be  zero  or  —  Ve. 
This  is  the  unit  in  full  expan- 
sion mode. 

Increase  R3  until  the 
voltage  at  TP3  goes  positive 
approximately  1  volt.  Check 
the  voltage  at  TP1.  It  still 
should  be  showing  +2.6  V 
dc  and  the  scope  should  still 
be  showing  a  healthy  trace. 
A  quick  flip  of  51  from 
OPERATE  to  BYPASS  and 
back  to  OPERATE  should 
show  the  amount  of  ex- 
pansion. 

With  the  voltage  probe 
still  at  TP1,  increase  R2  until 
the  meter  shows  +3  V  dc. 
Now  increase  R3  until  the 
meter  reads  +3,6  V  dc,  A 
reduction  in  the  audio  level 
at  the  output  will  be  noticed 
and  the  trace  on  the  scope 
will  alter  likewise.  This  is  the 
clipping  point. 

If    the    audio    source    is 

abruptly  increased  and  held 
at  that  level,  or  a  loud  long 
shout  is  emitted  into  the 
microphone,  the  result  will 
be  a  sharp  rise  followed  by  a 
steep  decline  of  the  output 
signal  to  a  constant  level 
This  is  most  noticeable  on 
the  scope.  The  voltage  at 
TP1  should  show  +43  V  dc 
or  higher  (max.  +  5.2  V  dc). 
This  status  is  the  unit  in  the 
attenuation  mode. 


When  this  has  been 
achieved,  speak  at  your  nor- 
mal level  into  the  micro- 
phone and  adjust  R2  and  R3 
alternately  until  an  accen- 
tuation of  your  voice  from 
your  normal  speech  level 
shows  the  peak  briefly  ap- 
pearing and  then  being 
pulled  down  to  the  normal 
level,  The  aim  of  the  adjust- 
ment procedure  is  to  get 
that  time  constant  between 
the  peak  and  the  pull-down 
as  short  as  possible. 

When  this  has  been 
achieved,  disconnect  the 
headphones,  turn  off  the 
crystal  calibrator  or  audio 
source,  plug  the  unit  into  the 
transmitter,  and  tune  the 
transmitter  into  a  dummy 
load  It  will  be  found  that 
the  microphone  gain  control 
does  not  have  to  be  turned 
up  so  much  before  the  ALC 
cuts  in  If  a  scope  is  used  to 
monitor  the  transmitted 
audio  signal,  check  and  fine- 
tune  R2  and  R3  to  suit  your 
voice  pattern  and  distortion 
threshold. 

Get  on  the  air  and  see  how 
it  works.  Contact  a  distant 
station  with  the  unit  in  OP- 
ERATE mode.  Do  not  men- 
tion the  unit,  but  in  the 
course  of  conversation  put 
it  into  BYPASS  and  wait  for 


You  can  help  us  pick  the  "Amateur 
of  the  Year"  at  the  1984  Dayton 
Hamvention. 

For  details,  drop  a  card  to  the 
address  below.  Do  it  now! 

Nomination  deadline  is  April  1 , 1 984. 

DAYTON  HAMVENTION 

ATTN:  AWARDS  COMMITTEE 

P.O.  BOX  44.  DAYTON,  OH  45401 

See  you  at  the  Dayton  HAMVENTION  . . . 
April  27.  28.  29.  1984. 


the  reaction.  Act  accordingly. 
I   will   be  pleased  to  re- 
ceive comments,  enhance- 
ments,  modifications,   etc., 

concerning  the  unit  and  its 
operation. 


In  closing,  I  would  like  to 
thank  G3YNB  [K  Clayton} 
and  VE1 AOP  {C.  Coughlan) 
for  getting  me  into  redesign- 
ing the  unit  and  writing  this 
article.  ■ 


■  a 


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T.iQ0+r 


7815  ' 


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! RADIO   SHACK    £T6~1TQ7) 


■  ^^^^ 


ip 


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35h 


Fig.  1.  Speech  expander/clippef  with  LED  bar-dot  display. 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984    87 


Hmy  /  Ekelund  VVB2FVW 
4  J  PocanUco  Road 
O&ininp         r0562 


Secrets  of  Nicads 


Nicad  batteries  will  save  you  money.  Or  will  they? 


You've  been  reading  for 
years  that  nickel-cadmi- 
um batteries  are  the  greatest 
thing  since  sliced  bread  for 
your  portable  gear.  From 
one  viewpoint,  this  is  true, 
namely,  economy  One  set 
of  nicads  can  be  recharged 
many  times  before  they 
have  to  be  replaced,  at  a 
savings  to  the  user  every 
time  they  are  recharged. 
However,  there  are  some 
down  sides  to  the  use  of 
nicads,  some  of  which  are 
readily  apparent  [lower  ter- 
minal voltage,  memory, 
downtime  while  charging)  as 
well  as  one  which  is  very  im- 
portant but  not  widely 
known  The  capacity  of  a 
nicad  is  only  about  25% 
that  of  a  premium  primary 
celL 

As  an  example,  let's  take 


the  AA-size  cell  The  com- 
monly available  AA  nicad 
has  a  rapacity  of  450-475 
milliampere  hours  (mAh). 
Gould,  CE,  and  Radio  Shack 
cells  fall  into  this  range. 
A  premium  alkaline  AA  cell 
from  Dura  cell,  Eveready,  or 
Ray-OVac  has  a  capacity 
of  1700-1900  mAh  or  near- 
ly four  times  the  capacity 
of  the  nicad.  Thus,  it  would 
be  necessary  to  recharge 
the  nicad  cell  four  times 
before  you  achieve  any 
economy. 

But  wait.  There  is  more  to 
this  story.  We  all  know 
about  the  memory  associ- 
ated with  nicads  If  not  fully 
discharged  before  recharg- 
ing, they  have  a  tendency  to 
"remember"  the  discharge 
cycle,  limiting  the  life  to  the 
remembered    discharge. 


Primary 

Capacity 

Secondary 

Cape 

AA 

mAh 

AA 

mAh 

Duracell  Mn1500 

1700 

Gould  0.45  SC 

450 

Eveready  E91 

1600 

Sanyo  N450AA 

450 

Panasonic  AM-3 

1500 

Panasonic  NR-AA 

500 

C 

C 

Duracell  Mn1400 

DUuU 

Gould  2.0  SO 

2000 

Eveready 

4400 

Panasonic  NR-C 

1800 

Panasonic  AM*2 

3900 

Sanyo  N2500-D 

2500 

D 

0 

Duracell  Mn1300 

10,000 

Gould  4,0  SC 

4000 

Eveready  E95 

9,100 

Panasonic  N2500-D 

2500 

Panasonic  AM-1 

9T300 

Sanyo  NR-d 

2500 

Suppose  you  use  your  HT 
every  day  to  and  from  work 
for  a  total  drain  of  say,  150 
mAh.  You  decide  to  put  the 
charger  on  every  night  so  as 
to  have  a  full  charge,  right? 
Wrong.  Unless  you  drag 
those  batteries  right  down  to 
nothing,  a  constant  dis- 
charge/recharge of  1 50  mAh 
will  result  in  cells  with  a  ca- 
pacity of  about  150  mAh 
Thus,  you  would  have  to  re- 
charge 12  times  to  obtain 
the  same  life  as  a  set  of  pre- 
mium AA  cells.  But  that  still 
represents  some  economy, 
doesn't  it?  Sure,  if  you  are 
satisfied  with  less  return  on 
your  investment  than  you 
expected. 

Let's  talk  about  the  lower 
terminal  voltage  of  nicads. 
They  are  1 2  volts  when  fully 
charged.  Eight  cells  (typical 
arrangement)  will  give  you 
only  a  9  fe^volt  power  supply, 
vs.  12  volts  from  eight  fresh 


premium  alkaline  cells. 
Some  HTs  will  provide 
space  for  10  cells  when  us- 
ing nicads,  and  some  dum- 
my cells  to  be  used  with 
primary  batteries,  but  then 
your  economy  is  eroded  fur- 
ther (10  nicads  vs.  8  alka- 
lines). 

Now,  your  1 2  recharges  to 
recover  your  investment  be- 
comes 15.  Still  an  economv, 
sure,  but  not  the  one  you 
thought  you  were  getting, 
And  if  you  cannot  use  10 
cells  in  your  rig,  think  about 
the  lower  outputs,  both 
audio  and  rf,  when  operat* 
ing  at  the  lower  supply 
voltage. 

Another   consideration 

that  you  should  think  about 
is  charge  retention.  Nicad 
cells  will  lose  10-12%  of 
their  charge  per  month  un- 
used, whereas  alkaline  cells 
can  lose  about  10-15%  of 


MEffCuRT   CELL 


Table  t  Capacity  of  various  batteries. 
SB    73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


Fig,  7.  Cell  discharge  curves,  25  Ohms  continuous  discharge. 


rated    capacity    per    year 

through  she  It -discharge. 
Nicdds  are  not  the  choice  of 
battery  to  keep  around  in 
case  of  power  failure,  unless 
they  can  he  trickle  charged. 
You  would  be  better  served 
to  keep  a  sack  full  of  AA 
alkaline  cells  on  the  shelf  for 
when  the  power  goes  off 

Fig  1  shows  the  typical 
discharge  curves  for  both 
alkaline  and  nicad  cells  The 
curve  for  a  typical  mercury 
cell  is  also  included  for  ref- 
erence. A  A  mercury  cells 
have  a  typical  capacity  of 
2500  mAh,  but  cost  nearly  as 
much  as  meads,  thus  are  not 
cost-effective  when  com 
pared  to  alkaline  cells. 

Table  1  is  a  listing  of 
available  primary  and  sec- 
ondary cells  with  the  manu- 
facturer's ratings.  Note  the 
dramatic  differences  be- 
tween cells  and  capacities. 

Please  note:  I  refer  to  pre- 
mium alkaline  cells,  The  Le- 
(  lenche  or  /inc-carbon  cell 
is    not    recommended    for 


communications  product* 
for  a  myriad  of  reasons,  one 
of  which  is  capacity,  Manu- 
facturers of  zinc-carbon 
cells  typically  publish  no 
data  on  them  because  of 
their  widely  varying  perfor- 
mance. 

I  am  not  saying  that  nicad 
batteries  don't  have  their 
place,  hut  in  situations 
where  it  is  important  to  keep 
a  radio  going  over  the  long 
pull,  when  you  can't  re- 
charge (no  ac  outlets  m  the 
woods  looking  for  that  lost 
child),  or  in  foreign  countries 
where  your  1 10-volt  charger 
will  not  operate,  the  premi- 
um alkaline  cell  offers  many 
real,  substantial  advantages 
that  cannot  be  overcome  by 
meads  ■ 

References 

Gould  Battery  Handbook.  1973 
Eveready    Battery    Engineering 

Data,  1976 
Sanyo  Cadnica  Bulletin  SF1542 
Panasonic    Sales    Brochure 

20M813/10M 
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73  Magazine  *  January,  1984    89 


Louis  R  MAfeoU'ffJMVK 
!2rM   kuguslim   \ venue 
larRockawa\  \>  fi^f 


The  Edison  Effect 

American  inventor  Thomas  Edison  is  remembered  for 

his  array  of  electrical  firsts.  But  lesser  known  is 

his  invention  of  the  first  wireless  telegraph. 


The    contributions    that 
Thomas  A  Edison  made 
to  the  electrical  world  w 

many  And  are  fully  i 

nized  by  today's  historians 
His  genius  as  a  top-not <  h  in- 
ventor is  well  known  mter- 
nahonallv    jikI  he  is   justly 

<  redited  to  be  the  most  pri 
I  if  ic  and  important  pioneer 
of  the  electrical  age    The 

duplex    and    quadruplet 
telegraphs,   the  light  bulb. 


the  gramophone,  the  iam- 

era,  and  the  movie  projec- 
tor are  only  a  few  ol  his  in- 
ventions Fhere  were  nianv 
more,  at  t  ounttng  lor  about 

1,300  different  patents  ai 
the  end  ol  Ins  <  reative  life 

Bui  did  you  know  that 
Edison  also  experimented 
v\  i  t  h  elect  mm  a  mi  e  1 1  c 
waves  several  years  before 

Herl/  did?  invented  an 
inductive    railroad    tele- 


graph?       invented    a    win- 
less  ele<  tmstatit   lommum- 

t  ion  s>  n'  discov- 
ered and  applied  the  therm- 
ionic vacuum  emission, 
<  reating,  in  effe<  t,  the  first 
two-element  lube  rectifier? 

in     1875,    while    expert 
menting  with  sound  vibra- 
tions produced  by  a  may 
net  i        bra  tor  and  ways  to 
transmit  them  over  wires  to 
distant   points,  he  noticed 


Edison  with  some  original  Edison-effect  lamps. 
90     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


with  curious  amazement  a 
peculiar  li^ht.  or  bright  v 
i  illating  sparks,  coming  out 
of  the  core  oi  the  magnet 
He  had  seen  this  phenome- 
non before  in  the  telegraph 
relays  and   in   loose  filings 

between    armatures   ^n<\ 

magnetic  i  ores  of  tele 
graph  printers,  but  so  far  at- 
tributed them  to  induction 
These  new  sparks  were 
somehow  rrx  intense  and 
it  occurred  to  him  that  lhr\ 
were  no)  (  aused  b\  induc- 
tion He  wrote  m  his  diary: 

"We  found  that  if  we 
touched  any  pari  of  the  vi- 
brator or  magnet  we  ^ot  the 
sp<irk  The  larger  the  body  of 
iron  that  touched  the  vibra- 
tor the  larger  the  spark  We 
now  connected  a  wire  to  the 
end  of  the  vibrating  rod  and 
we  found  we  could  get  a 
spark  from  it  by  touching  a 
piece  of  iron  to  it  by  con- 
necting to  the  gas  pipe  we 
drew  sparks  from  it  in  any 
part  of  the  room 

He  called  this  unknown 
electrical  dis^  harge  '  ether  u 
force  <>r  etheric  current" 
and  conducted  several  ran- 

domly*dire<  ted  experiments 

with  it.  It  was  not  actually  a 
discovery,  since  Joseph 
I  lenry  noticed  it  mm  h 
earlier,  Faraday  had  specu- 
lated upon  such  a  possibility 
before,  and  Maxwell  had 
predicted  U  in  1H23  Un- 
aware ot  it  at  that  time,  fcdi- 


son  had  been  playing  with 
electromagnetic  wau 

In  order  to  observe  the 
new  force,  he  constructed  a 
"black  box"  with  two  adjust- 
able sharp-pointed  carbons 
and  an  eyepie»  e  on  top  He 
made  public  the  results  of 
his  tests  and  since  Edison 
was  always  news,  the  local 
papers  reproduced  his  de< 
I  a  rat  tons,  adding  a  bit  of 
spice  for  ^ood  measure. 
I  heir  words  were  something 

like  this:  "Mr  Edison  discov- 
ered a  new  electric  ray  and 
predicts  that  someday  all 
telegraphic  and  cable  com- 
munications will  be  carried 
out  without  poles  or 
wires 

He    demonstrated    his 

N,!<  k  box  and  ether  i<    l<  >r<  i's 

i<>  a  scientific  association  in 
New  York,  which  brought 
about  a  few  congratulations 
and  started  a  turmoil  of 
opinions  — both  pro  and 
con.  The  news  traveled  as 
far  as  Europe,  and  in 
England,  physicist  Sylvanus 
Thomson  declared  that  all 
was  based  upon  known  elec- 
trical principles  Oliver 
I  odtf e,  distinguished  man  of 
science  and  later  a  re- 
nowned wireless  pioneer, 
iIim  ussed   the  experiments 

and  arrived  at  the  same  con- 
clusion, Edison  did  not  pur- 
sue his  investigations  much 
further,  perhaps  resentful  of 

■ing  critic J/ed  by  these 
known  authorities,  or  maybe 
tor  the  lack  of  a  practical 
application  h>r  the  fort  e& 
he  continued  his  inventive 
career  \n  the  direction  of 
"greener"  pastures. 

In  18H0  we  tmd  Edison  at 
work  with  a  novel  telegraph- 
ic system,  which  he  called 
the  space"  or  "grasshop- 
per" telegraph  He  was  as- 
sisted in  this  project  by  his 
good  friend  and  colleague 
Ezra  1.  Citliland.  The  idea 
was  to  provide  a  means  of 
communication  to  train 
travelers  in  the  long 
stretches  of  the  western 
plains.  It  made  use  of  a 
special  telegraph  line, 
strung  en  poles  at  car  height 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
regular    telegraph    line    to 


I'O 


Close-up  of  an  Edison  effvtA. 
eliminate    the    interferes 

from    then)     Ihe    receiver 
employed    an    insulated 
metal   plate  on   top  of   the 
i  ar.  <  orinected  in  series  with 
the  secondary  winding  ot  an 
induction   coil,   and   a   tele- 
phone receiver    Ihe  circuit 
continued  through  the  met 
a  I    wheels    and    track 
ground.      Ihe     transmitter 
used  a  battery,  a  telegraph 
key,   and  a  higlvfrequen< 
buzzer,  in  series  w  ith  the  pri- 
mary of  the  iricku  tion  coil  A 

send/receive   switt  h   r  om- 

pleted  the  installation 

A  duplicate*  set  was  to  be 
installed  at  each  telegraph 
tice    a  1 01114    the    railroad 
line  The  first  tests  were  <  on- 
ducted  on  a   small  train  in 

Staten  Island  NY  and  after  a 

lew  failures  and  modilaa- 
lifins.  if  was  <le<  lared  a  SU< 

cess  Furthei  experiments  on 

the  I  ehigh  Valley  Railroad 
demonstrated  the  praclica 
bility  of  the  grasshopper 
telegraph  It  was  never  ex- 
ploited and.  although  pat- 
ented, apparently  forgotten 
In  1855  at  Menlo  Park  a 
wireless  telegraphic  system 
was  developed  by  Edison  It 
used  vertical  masts  of  a  hun- 
dred feet  in  length  with  met- 
al plates  on  top  In  his  origi- 
nal patent  hi*  claimed  to  be 
able  to  communicate  with 

points  Up  to  i  miles  distant 
and  suggested  that  it  could 
be  installed  on  board  ships, 


jt « 


x    /it  f 


•*■ 


E  ffi 


Entry  in  Edison's  notebook  showing  lamp  connected  as  a 
voltage  indicator. 


using    their    masts    tor    the 

same  purpose  He  stated 
that  t  ommunit  ations  be 
tween  ships  and  between 
ships  and  shore  could  be  es- 
tablished and  collisions  pi 
Vented  during  foggy  da\ 
As  m  the  1  ase  ol  the  grass- 
hopper telegraph,  the  trans- 
mil  ter  discharged  an  indm 
tron  <  oil  into  the  metal  plate 
suspended  on  lop  of  the 
mast.  This  induced  a  similar 
electrostatic  (  harge  on  the* 
plate  at  the  receiving  pole 
and  the  current  thus  created 
caused  an  audible  click  on 
the  telephone  receiver  h 
was  never  used  commercial- 
ly and  when  Lclison  was 
quest  toned  about  it.  he 
declared  with  some  air  of 
mystery  that,  'It  has  been 
Id  to  a  wealthy  medium 
who  wishes  I  immunit  ate 
with  the  spiritual  world 
According  to  records  found 
later,  it  was  discovered  that 
he  had  sold  the  patent, 
winch    also    included    the 


grasshopper    telegraph,    to 
the1    Marconi    Company    in 

1904  (patent  no.  465,771), 

In  1880,  while  testing  in- 
candescent lamps.  Edison 
observed  that  particles  ot 
carbon  from  the  filament 
were  "carried  and  deposit- 
ed on  the  inside  ot  the  ylass 
bulb  He  also  discovered 
that  after  certain  periods  ol 
operation  there*  was  a  thin 
white  line,  similar  to  a  sha- 
dow parallel  to  the  filament 
but  to  one  side  The  lamps 
Were  ted  with  direct  current 
and  it  showed  that  this  ef- 
fect was  caused  on  the  side 
of  the  filament  connected 
to  the  positive  side.  Notes 
were  taken  but  shelved  for 
future   reference   since   his 

irk  on  lighting  and  power 
plants  required  his  tull  at- 
tention at  that  time. 

Experiments  clone  by 
other  scientists  some  years 
before  had  proven  that  the 
air,  when  in  contact  with 
red-hot     metals,    showed 

73  Magazine  *  January,  1984    91 


One  of  the  Edison  lamps   used  by  Fleming   in   early  ex- 
periments. 


strange  properties  with  re- 
gard to  electrical  charges.  It 
was  assumed  (and  some- 
times emphatically  af- 
firmed} that  ele<  t r i c. i t y 
could  not  travel  in  a 
vacuum,  tdison  was  aware 
of  all  these  theories,  but  he 
never  paid  much  attention 
to  scientific  assurances 
unless,  of  course,  he  could 
arrive  at  the  same  conclu- 
sions by  experimentation. 
He  was  not  a  theoretician 
but  a  practical  inventor.  The 
question,  "Was  or  was  not 
the  electricity  the  carrier  of 
these  particles  of  carbon?" 
was  in  his  mind.  He  wanted 
an  answer,  he  had  to  know 
and  wanted  to  be  sure. 

Assuming  thai  he  in- 
stalled another  element  in- 
side the  bulb  and  connected 
it  to  the  positive  side  of  the 
liner  would  it  stop  the  flow 
of   particles   and   keep   the 

92     73  Magazine  *  January,  19B4 


lamp  clean  inside'  In  1882 
he  sketched  a  bulb  with  the 
added  element,  but  it  was 
not  until  the  next  year  that 
he  was  able  to  spare  the 
time  to  build  and  test  the 
new  lamp. 

The  second  element  con- 
sisted of  a  platinum  wire 
suspended  between  the  two 
filament  legs  and  insulated 
by  the  glass  When  it  was 
connected  to  the  positive 
side  of  the  line,  he  found 
that  a  current  flow  was  indi- 
cated in  a  galvanometer 
connected  into  that  circuit, 
but  when  the  new  element 
was  on  the  negative  side, 
there  was  no  current  indica- 
tion. Ho  did  many  other  ex- 
periments in  order  to  deter- 
mine the  best  size,  form,  and 
position  of  the  second  ele- 
ment and  found  out  that  the 
best  shape  was  a  flat  metal 
plate  installed  between  the 


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Copy  of  Fleming's  US  patent  for  use  of  the  "valve"  in  ac  rec- 
tification. 


1  [laments,  without  any  elec- 
trical connection  to  any  of 
them,  The  current  thus  ob- 
tained proved  to  be  propor- 
tional to  the  incandescence 
of  the  lamp,  or  candle- 
power  This  lamp  was  pat- 
ented by  Edison  (patent  no. 
3,070,311)  although  its  com- 
mercial use  or  application 
was  vague  a i  that  moment. 

What  he  created  was  in 
reality  an  electronic  measur- 
ing device  — the  first  one 
able  to  demonstrate  that 
electricity,  under  certain 
conditions,  could  and  would 
travel  inside  a  vacuum.  The 
reason  why  this  truth  was 
not  fully  understood  at  the 
beginning  was  that  the  na- 
ture of  electricity  was  still  a 
mystery,  as  far  as  electronic 
theory  was  concerned, 

The  lamp  was  shown  at 
the  1884  International  Elec- 
trical Exposition  in  Philadel- 
phia PA  and  advertised  as  an 
indicator  of  incandescent 
voltages.  Due  to  the  lack  of 
a  better  vacuum,  the  reli- 
ability was  not  of  the  first  or- 
der. This  time,  however,  Edi- 
son's discovery  was  re- 
ceived in  a  more  favorable 
mood  by  the  electrical  elite. 
Visitors  were  frankly  im- 
pressed by  the  tests  con- 
ducted by  Edison  in  person. 
The  renowned  professor  Ed- 
win j.  Houston  declared  pro- 
phetically that  "Edison's  in- 
vention would  become 
something  of  great  impor- 
tance in  the  future  He 


was  riyht.  Sir  William 
Preece,  Engineer-in-Chief  of 
the  British  Post  Office,  also 
dn  induction  telegraph  pio- 
neer and  later  Marconi's 
protector  and  collaborator, 
who  in  the  past  had  ques- 
tioned some  of  Edison's 
electrical  conclusions,  visit- 
ed the  Exposition  and  was 
sincerely  moved  with  the 
two-element  lamp  and  ac- 
quired some  of  them  for  fur- 
ther study  and  evaluation. 
His  conclusions  were  pub- 
lished in  England  and  a  pa- 
per about  the  subject  was 
read  at  the  Royal  Society  in 
1885.  He  coined  the  phrase 
"Edison  effect"  in  recogni- 
tion of  Edison's  achieve- 
ment. 

Another  well-known  sci- 
entist, Dr.  Ambrose  Fleming, 
recently  appointed  electri- 
cal consultant  to  the  new 
Edison  London  I  ightmg 
Company,  obtained  several 
of  the  two-element  lamps, 
with  the  purpose  of  using 
them  as  indicators  in  genera- 
tor circuits  —  without  much 
success. 

In  1897  the  British  physi- 
cist, J.  J.  Thomson,  after  ex- 
perimenting with  the  lamps, 
concluded  that  the  effect 
was  caused  by  the  emission 
of  "electrons,"  or  negative 
electricity,  which  flowed 
from  the  hot  filament  to 
the  cold  element  or  plate 
connected  to  a  positive 
potential. 

Edison    did    not    pursue 


these  investigations  much 
further  and  his  discovery  lav 
dormant  for  several  years, 
that  is,  until  1904.  At  that 
time  Dr  Ambrose  Fleming 
—  later  knighted  for  his  dis- 
coveries in  the  wireless  tele- 
graphic  field  — was  em- 
ployed as  technical  adviser 
by  the  Marconi  Wireless 
Telegraph  Co,,  Ltd.,  in  Lon- 
don. Fleming  was  searching 
tor  a  better  detector  to  be 
used  on  the  receivers  manu- 
factured by  that  company, 
since  the  magnetic  detec- 
tors currently  in  use  lacked 
sensitivity  He  then  recalled 
the  tests  that  years  before 
he  had  made  with  the  tdi- 
son-effect  lamps  and  con- 
cluded that  they  could  be 
easily  adapted  tor  that  pur- 
pose. He  dedicated  himself 
to  investigating  the  lamp  in 
scientific  detail  and  to  im- 
proving its  operation,  using 
higher  vacuum  and  chang- 
ing the  plate  to  a  cylinder 
surrounding  the  filament. 
He  renamed  them  "oscilla- 
tion valves"  i this  is  why,  in 


England,  all  vacuum  tubes 
are  still  called  valves)  and 
applied  for  patents  in  En- 
gland, Germany,  and  the 
United  States, 

Contrary  to  his  claim,  he 
did  not  invent  the  device,  he 
simply  used  it  as  a  hr^h-tre- 
quency  oscillation  rectifier 
(it  did  not  oscillate).  Nor  was 
he  the  first  one  to  use  it  as  a 
rectifier.  Years  later,  as  a  re- 
sult of  litigations,  his  US  pat- 
ent was  invalidated  in  tavor 
of  Edison's  previous  patent. 

It  did  not  matter  very 
much  anyway,  since  the 
Fleming  valve  did  not  make 
a  great  deal  ot  difference  as 
a  detector  of  wireless  sig- 
nals. First,  under  the  Marco- 
ni Company  monopoly,  it 
was  supplied  only  to  be 
used  with  their  equipment 
and.  second,  it  was  less  sen- 
sitive than  the  electrolytic 
and  crystal  detectors  which 
appeared  in  the  open  mar- 
ket at  about  the  same  time. 

We  cannot  deny  that  Dr 
Fleming  was  a  highly  skilled 
and  competent  man  ot  sci- 


ence who  made  abundant 
contribu  t  ions  to  the  wireless 
and  later  radio  industry  His 
experiments  with  the  two- 
element  lamps  revealed 
facts  and  set  standards  to  be 
considered  later  in  their 
manufacture.  He  drew  up 
operational  curves;  he  used 
new  configurations,  types  of 
filaments,  and  shielding 
schemes,  and  was  the  first 
one  to  use  them  in  conjunc- 
tion with  tuned  circuits.  But 
what  really  revolutionized 
the  wireless  art  and  convert- 
ed it  to  radio  (1912)  was 
the  addition  of  a  third  ele- 
ment or  grid"  by  Dr.  Lee  De 
Forest,  which  made  the 
bulbs  capable  ut  being  used 
as  high-frequent  y  detectors, 
amplifiers,  and  oscillators 

It  has  been  said  that  Edi- 
son did  not  make  tinv  great 
scientific:  discovery,  but  by 
his  skill,  in^enuily,  and 
power  ot  observation,  he 
was  able  to  surpass  in  practi- 
cal achievements  many  sci- 
entists with  broad  academic 
backgrounds.  He  was  a  real 


pioneer   perhaps  the  most 

important  and  imaginative 
of  them  all  He  planted 
many  seeds,  others  contin- 
ued where  he  left  off  and  a 
tew  collected  the  fruits  His 
work  may  not  look  like 
much  to  today's  electronics 
students,  where  transistors, 
ICs,  and  computerized 
items  dominate  the  in- 
dustry, but  it  was  the  begin- 
ning—without it,  radio,  TV, 
and  satellite  communica- 
tions would  still  be  many 
years  behind  *  ■ 

References 

The  Saga  of  the  Vacuum  Tube, 
Gerald  F.  J.  Tynet  H.  W.  Sams 
and  Co.,  1977. 

The  Edison  Era,  1876-1892,  Elfun 
Hall  ot  History  Publication,  1978, 
Edison*   a   Biography,    Matthew 
Josephson,  McGraw-Hill,  1959. 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^—^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^—^*^ 

*  Other  contributions  made  by 
Edison  to  the  radio  industry  were 
the  carbon  microphone  and  the 
telephone  receiver.  The  Edison 
battery  was  used  as  an  emergen- 
cy source  on  ships'  radio  sta- 
tions. 


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See  List  of  Advertisers  on  page  1f4 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     93 


CORRECTIONS 


In  his  article  "The  Magical  Audio  Filter" 
(November},  Jim  Pepper  incorrectly  states 
that  the  notch  frequency  of  Fig-  1  varies 
directly  as  R4  and  by  the  square  root  of  G t 
and  C2  However,  his  formula  indicate* 
that  the  frequency  varies  inversely  as  64 
and  inversely  as  the  square  root  of  C1  and 


C2.  Thus,  double  R4  divides  the  frequency 
by  two,  Also,  doubling  either  C1  or  C2 
reduces  the  frequency  to  .707  its  original 
value. 

Boyd  Skillm  K6MGY 
Fresno  CA 


Due  to  an  oversight,  reviews  from  our  August  and  September  issues  were  not  included  in  our 
1963  Annual  Index  published  last  month.  Below  is  a  corrected  version. 


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3 

SOCIAL  EVENTS 


Listings  in  this  column  are  provided  tree  ot 
charge  on  a  space-available  basfs  The  tot 
lowing  information  should  be  included  in 
every  announcement  sponsor,  event  date, 
hme,  piece*  ctty,  state,  admission  chatgt 
anyjk  features,  iaik-m  frequencies,  and  the 
name  of  whom  to  contact  for  further  irrtarma- 
ttort  Announcements  must  be  received  by  73 
Magazine  by  the  ttrst  ot  the  month*  two 
months  prtor  to  the  month  m  whit*  the  event 
lakes  place  Matt  to  Editorial  Dittoes.  73  Mag- 
azine. Pine  St,  Peterborough  NH  0343S 

WEST  ALUS  Wl 
JAN  7 

The  West  Allis  Radio  Amateur  Club  will 
hold  lis  12th  annual  Midwinter  Swapfesi 
on  Saturday,  January  7,  1984,  beginning  al 
8:00  am,  at  the  Waukesha  County  Expo 
Center  Forum  (take  I-&4  to  Co.  F,  then 
south  lo  FT.  then  west  to  Expo).  Admls- 
si  on  is  $2.00  in  advance  and  13.00  at  the 
door  Tables  are  (3.00  in  advance  {reserved 
until  MOO  am)  and  $4.00  at  the  door  on  a 
first-come,  first-served  basis.  Delicious 
Food  will  be  available.  For  tickets  or  more 
information,  send  5ASE  to  WARAG,  PO 
Box  1072,  Milwaukee  Wl  53201 

SOUTH  BEND  IN 
JAN  8 

A  hamfesl  swap  &  shop  will  be  held  on 
Sunday.  January  8.  1984,  at  Century  Can 
ter,  downtown  on  US  33  Oneway  North  be 
tween  the  St   Joseph  Bank  Building  and 


*\*  • "-& 


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The  swap-table  donation  is  $12.00  for  bolh 
days  and  includes  the  door  donation  No 
one-day  tables  w»U  be  available  and  ad- 
vance registrations  are  requested  Talk-in 
on  14&3T/.13  primary  and  146.73/13  sec- 
ondary. For  advance  tickets,  booths,  and 
tables,  contact  Dave  Johnson,  Jr.  W4CCR. 
2619  Forest  Lane.  Sarasota  FL  33681,  or 
call  (813V924-2S25.  or  wrrte  Sarasota  Ham 
feat,  PO  Bo*  3182.  Sarasota  FL  33578, 

RICHMOND  VA 
JAN  15 

The  Richmond  Amateur  Telecommuni- 
cations Society  will  hold  Its  Frostfest  p&4 
Winter  Amateur  Radio  and  Computer 
Snow  on  Sunday,  January  15,  1984,  from 
8:00  am  to  4:00  pm.  at  the  Virginia  State 
Fairgrounds.  Richmond  VA.  All  events  will 
be  indoors  and  general  adrmsston  is 
$4.00.  Flea-market  spaces  are  $3,00  and 
tables  are  available  tor  $3.50.  KX4Y  will 
give  Novice  examinations.  Doors  will  be 
open  for  unloading  and  setups  begin- 
ning Saturday  noon  and  a  security  guard 
will  be  on  duty  all  night.  Talk-in  on 
146.2ffl.SB.  and  1 40.34/ J4,  For  more  infor- 
mation, contact  Bill  Scruggs  N4DDM  at 
(8O4J-272-8206.  or  write  Richmond  Frost- 
fest.  PO  8ok  1070.  Richmond  VA  23208. 

YONKERS  NY 
JAN  22 

The  Yonkers  Amateur  Radio  Club  will 
sponsor  the  Yonkers  Electronics  Auction 
on  Sunday,  January  22. 1984,  from  9:00  am 
to  3:00  pm,  at  Lernpko  Hall.  556  Yonkers 
Avenue,  Yonkers  NY  Admission  for  buy- 
ers and  sellers  is  $3.00  each:  children  un- 
der 8  will  be  admitted  free.  New  and  used 
equipment  will  be  auctioned  and  can  be 
inspected  from  9:00  am  to  1 0:00  am.  There 
wilt  be  plenty  of  seats  and  parking  and  the 
auction  will  start  at  lOrOO  am  sharp.  Unlim. 
ited  free  coffee  will  be  available  alt  day 
The  club  will  charge  a  10%  commission 
on  the  first  $100  and  5%  on  the  remainder 
on  successful  sales  only.  Talk-In  on 
146.265T/1 46.885 R  and  .52  direct.  For 
more  information,  write  YAFK^  53  Hay* 


94     73  Magazine  ■  January,  1984 


ward  Street.  Yonkers  NY  10704,  of  phone 
(814^969-1053 

TRAVERSE  CITY  Ml 
FEB  11 

The  CterYytand  Amateur  Radio  Club 
win  nolo  its  10th  annual  swap  and  shoo  on 
February  11.  1984,  from  8:00  am  to  1:00 
pm,  at  the  Immaculate  Conception  School 
Gym.  2  blocks  south  and  1  block  west  of 
the  Intersection  of  M*37  and  M-22,  Tra- 
verse City  Ml.  Registration  wili  be  at  the 
doof.  Talk-in  on  146-25/05,  For  more  infor- 
mation, call  Jerry  Cermak  K8YVU  at  (616}- 
347-4848. 

MANSFIELD  OH 
FEB  12 

The  Mansfield  Midwinter  Hamfesl/A ac- 
tion will  be  he td  on  Sunday,  February  12T 
1964.  beginning  at  8:00  am,  at  the  Rich- 
land County  Fairgrounds,  Mans  he  Id  OK 
Tickets  are  S2.00  m  advance  and  S3  00  at 
the  door.  Tables  are  55,00  in  advance  and 
$6  00  at  the  door,  Half  tables  are  avail- 
able, Talk-in  on  146.34J.94.  For  additional 
information  or  advance  tickets  and  tables, 
send  an  SASE  to  Dean  Wrasse  KBSMG,  1094 
Seal  Road,  Mansfield  OH  44905,  or  phone 
(419^589-2415 

GLASGOW  KY 
FEB  25 

The  annual  Glasgow  Swapfest  will  be 
held  on  Saturday.  February  25,  1984,  be- 
ginning at  8:00  am  Genual  time,  at  the 
Glasgow  Flea  Market  Building,  2  miles 
south  of  Glasgow,  just  off  highway  31 E. 
Admission  is  $2  00  per  person.  There  is  no 
additional  charge  tor  exhibitors.  The  first 
table  per  exhibitor  will  be  tree,  and  extra 
tables  will  be  available  for  $3,00  each, 
There  will  be  a  large  heated  building,  free 
parking,  free  coffee,  and  a  large  flea  mar- 
ket. Talk-in  on  14634' 94  or  147.63/03  For 
further  information,  write  Bemie  Schwitz- 
gebel  WA4J20,  121  Adatftand  Conn,  Glas- 
gow KY  42141. 

FRIDLEY  MN 
FES  25 

The  Robbinsdale  Amateur  Radio  Club 
will  hold  its  3rd  annual  Midwinter  Mad- 
ness Hobby  Electronics  Show  on  Satur- 
day. February  25,  1984,  from  9:00  am  to 
3:00  pm,  at  Tottno-Grace  High  School. 
1350  Gardens  Avenue  NE,  F  rid  ley  MN  (a 
Minneapolis  suburb).  Admission  is  S3, 00 
In  advance  and  54,00  at  the  door.  There 
win  be  manufacturers  and  dealers  of  ham, 
computer  satellite,  and  R/C  gear,  as  well 
as  seminars  and  a  flea  market.  TaJk-in  on 
146.  52  simplex  or  the  147.60/. 00  repeater 
(K*LTQ  Fo*  more  information,  contact 
Robbinsdale  ARC,  FO  Box  2261 3P  Rob- 
binsdale MN  55422,  or  call  Bob  at 
£612)533-7354 

AKRON  OH 
FEB  26 

The  Cuyahoga  Falls  ARC  wiil  hold  its 
30th  annual  electronic  equipment  auction 
and  ham f est  on  Sunday,  February  26, 
1984,  from  8:00  am  to  4:00  pm,  at  North 
High  School  Akron  OH  There  Is  easy  ac- 
cess from  Ihe  Taitmadge  Avenue  off-ramp 
of  North  Expressway  (Rte  8).  Tickets  are 
52  50  in  advance  and  S3.00  at  the  door. 
Some  tables  are  available  for  $2.00  or  sell- 
ers may  bring  their  own,  advance  reserva- 
tions are  advised.  Tafk-in  on  .S7f.27,  For 
more  details  or  reservations  (please  In- 
clude an  SASE),  write  CFARC.  PO  Box  6, 
Cuyahoga  Fails  OH  44222.  Table  reserva- 
tions may  also  be  made  by  calling  Bui  So- 
vtnsky  K8JSL  at  (216^923-3830  and  wili  be 
held  until  9:00  am 


MM  HELP 


We  are  nappy  to  provide  Ham  Hefp  hst* 
mgs  tree,  on  a  space  available  basts.  We 
are  not  happy  when  we  nave  to  take  time 
from  other  duties  to  decipher  cryptic 
notes  scrawled  iltegibfy  on  dog-eared 
postcards  and  odd-sued  scraps  of  paper, 
Pieese  type  or  print  your  request  (neatly  fk 
doubte  spaced,  on  an  $'j  'k  n"  sneer  of 
paper  and  use  upper-  and  lowercase  let- 
ters where  appropriate.  Aiso,  please  make 
a  ,4r  look  tike  a  %H  not  an  7,"  which 
could  be  an  "e/N  or  an  "eye."  and  so  on. 
Herd  as  it  may  be  to  betieve,  we  are  not  ta- 
rn1 tier  with  every  pfece  at  equipment  man- 
ufactured on  Earth  tor  the  last  50  years* 
Thanks  for  your  cooperation. 

I  need  a  schematic  and  manual  for  La- 
fayerce  FFT  multimeter  #99-50533  I  will 
pay  copying  costs. 

Keith  Heryford 

PO  BoxF 

Cecarville  C A  96104 


I  would  like  to  hear  from  anyone  who 
has  successfully  interfaced  a  Commo- 
dore VtC-1525  printer  to  a  Hal  CT-2100 
communications  terminal  either  to  the 
ASCII  printer  or  RS-232C  serial  output  of 
the  Hat  terminal. 

Karl  Thurber  W8FX 

317  Poplar  Drive 

MHIbrook  AL  36054 

Our  club  station  (VE2GLL)  needs  sche- 
matics and  service  manuals  for  the  Halll- 
cratters  HT>45  linear  and  PAS  power  supply. 

Harold  Carmlcftael  VE2ELN 

257  St.  Leen  St. 

Quebec  City 

Quebec  G1K  IBS 

Canada 

I  need  an  up-to-date  lube-checking  list 
for  a  B&K  Dyna-Quik  Model  500  tube 
tester,  I  have  the  list  that  is  attached  to 
Ihe  top  of  the  case  but  I  need  a  more 


modern  iist.  The  manufacturer  says  that  il 
Is  out  of  print.  Drop  me  a  line  letting  me 
know  what  you  have. 

Gene  V.  Mock  W4RHD 

R1  9,  Sox  64-5 

Fa  yett  evil  I*  Aft  72701 

I  need  any  and  alt  technical  information 
and  manuals  on  the  Central  Eiec Ironies 
Model  TOGV  transmftter  I  also  am  inter- 
ested in  salvage  units  for  parts,  I  will  pay 
all  expenses. 

W,  Van  Lennep 

PO  Box  211 

Ptppereli  MA  01463 

0|17>433-6031 

I  need  a  copy  of  the  tech  manual/ 
schematic  of  the  Tektronix  535 A  oscillo- 
scope. I  will  copy  and  return,  or  quote 
price  for  a  good  copy. 

Hank  Dean  N8DOE 

408  Brisbane  Ave. 

Westervilla  OH  43061 

I  would  like  to  hear  from  anyone  who 
has  successfully  changed  the  early  Yaesu 
101  6JSB  finals  to  6146s. 

R.  F.  Bricker  K4CSV 

PO  Box  295 

Fori  White  Ft  32038 


MICROWAVE  PREAMPLIFIERS 

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4828  W.  Fond  du  Lac  Avenue 

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Phone:(414)4424200 

Wisconsin  WATS:  1-800-242-5195 

Nationwide  WATS:  1-800-558-0411 

AES  Branch  Store*  m:  Clearwater,  FL  • 
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73  Magazine  •  January,  1984    95 


mm 


CIRCUITS 


NOTCH   FOR 
GROUND  LEAD 


Do  you  have  a  technique,  modification,  or  easyto-duplicate  cir- 
cuit that  your  fellow  readers  might  be  interested  in?  If  so,  send  us  a 
conctse  description  of  it  (under  two  pages,  double  spaced)  and  in- 
clude a  clear  d  tag  ram  or  schematic  it  needed 

In  exchange  for  these  technical  gemsf  73  offers  you  the  choice  of 
a  book  from  the  Radio  Bookshop,  to  be  sent  upon  publication  Sub 
mil  your  idea  (and  book  choice)  to:  Circuits,  Editorial  Offices,  73 
Magazine,  Peterborough  NH  03458.  Submissions  not  selected  for 
publication  will  be  returned  it  an  SASE  is  enclosed 


ft*  22011 

azon 


#<2  WIRE 
ISOLDES    TlftMRtt 


FILE         / 

NOTCH~-^ 


-Off- 

TRICOLOR  LED 
<RS  276-035) 


»«£|H 


*£□ 


(M 


* 


DS< 


\ 


i    f 


K| 


m 


Si 


h 1 

Kin. 


WORLD'S  CHEAPEST  tC  TEST  PROBE:  The  wire  and  resistor  as- 
sembly should  be  about  4  inches  long;  work  it  into  a  ball-point  pen 
case  and  glue  the  LED  to  the  top.  Witha560-Ohm  resistor,  this  probe 
will  handle  up  to  16  V  —  Jim  Hyde  WB4TYU  Waycross  GA, 


LOAD 


TRANSFORMER 
273-I3Q3 


50V 
6* 

276-tiBO 


i  lOVAC 


ICt   MOT 
USED* 


*!*¥ 


RELAY  FLIP-FLOP:  Here  is  a  way  to  make  two  inexpensive  DPDT re- 
lays act  like  an  R-S  flip-flop.  One  press  of  push-button  switch  S1  sets 
it;  a  second  press  resets  it.  Indicator  DS1  shows  when  the  circuit  is 
set  Use  contacts  K1B  to  control  the  load.  The  two  relays  must  have 
the  same  coil-voltage  rating,  which  must  be  equal  to  one-half  of  the 
supply  voltage,  Vs.  Choose  Rt  to  reduce  holding  current  if  de- 
sired.—Tetry  Simonds  WB4FXD,  Edgartown  MA. 


IK 


*TI*-I2*x  STR 

27* -2 025 


IM 
{271-0591 


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4O0V 


REMOTE  HQ    CONTACTS 
ifiEWAIN    SHUT    FOP 
|     120  SECONDS  ONCE   EVE97Y    10  NHNUTES  k 

I 


i^  RELAY 

#  /       I60D    CQlL 

IWl    1  m      1      i     l     *    2 75-214 


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cwn 


ft? 


1-2  SEC  "PULSE' 
TO   COMPUTER 


ADOEO 

DiODf 


BLUE 


REMOTE-SWITCH  TIME  LIMITER:  This  circuit  will  produce  a  1-2  second  pulse  when  the  remote  switch  con- 
tacts  are  closed  for  any  length  of  time.  When  the  remote  switch  closes,  the  220-uF  capacitor  charges 
through  the  base-emitter  junction  of  the  transistor.  The  Ik  resistor  limits  the  current  flow.  As  the  capacitor 
charges,  the  current  drops  off  until  the  transistor  stops  conducting.  The  on/off  cycling  pulls  the  relay  in  and 
then  drops  it  out  again.  The  1meg  resistor  discharges  the  capacitor  when  the  remote  contacts  open 
again.— Jeffrey  Biackmon  W2YI,  Beavercreek  OH, 


SOLQCflEO  TO  CHASSIS 


ENLAAGED  VIEW  OF  £jfT  SAC*  «A  SOCKET 
AS  SEEN  fROM  INSIDE   CHASSIS 


MEMORY  SAVER  FOR  THE 
KENWOOD  TR-7800:  The  Ken- 
wood has  nicad  batteries  to 
keep  the  memory  intact  when 
you  unplug  the  rig.  However,  if 
you  leave  the  power  switch  on 
when  the  rig  is  unplugged,  the 
batteries  will  also  fry  to  power 
the  rig — resulting  in  a  very  short 
memory  life.  To  keep  this  from 
happening,  ffrst  locate  the  blue 
wire  connected  to  the  "EXT 
BACKUP"  socket  Remove  this 
wire  from  the  socket  and  insert  a 
small  diode  between  the  end  of 
the  wire  and  the  terminal  to 
which  it  was  formerly  connect- 
ed. The  cathode  end  should  be 
hooked  up  to  the  wire.  Any  small 
diode  wilt  do,  provided  it  has  no 
significant  reverse  current  at  20 
volts  and  as  little  forward  resis- 
tance as  possible.— H.  F.  Viney 
VE3AZX,  Nepean,  Ontario,  Can- 
ada. 


TUB*  LAMP 


1  T 


TURN  510  f 

SWITCH 


/77 


*h 


HEAODTES    v*L»TE 

SWITCH 


ut 


* 


URN    LAMP 


C1L    PR£$1 
LAMP 


OIL   LITE    SWITCH 


3SK 


EM   BRAKE 

SWITCH 


ZOO  A 
— "ww 


TRANSISTORS -SILICON- SMALL    SIGM4I. 

DIODES- SILICON    SWITCHING 
3lST0*5-l«w*TT 


€1 


650  D 


iOh 


V.- 


JO OK 
TONE 


SOOn 


•12V 


NEC 
?-"ER* 


1 


AUTOMOBILE  EARLY-WARNING  SYSTEM:  Hook  this  up  to  your  car  and  you  will  never  leave  your  lights 
on  again.  The  circuit  also  provides  an  audible  turn-signal  indicator,  as  well  as  warns  you  when  your 
emergency  brake  is  on.  Another  connection  to  the  oii-pressure  light  will  tell  you  when  the  pressure  Is 
tow.—  Keith  Barrigar  W7KQD,  Lebanon  OR. 


96     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


FUN! 


John  Edwards  KI2U 

PO  Box  73 

Middle  Village  NY  11379 

REPEATERS 

This  month's  column  is  dedicated  to 
the  memory  of  WR2APG,  a  fine  machine 
that  died  of  neglect  because  it  operated  on 
220  MHz  Instead  of  2  meters.  Funny;  at  the 
time  I  thought  a  repeater  that  specialized 
In  RTTY,  SSTV,  and  FAX  would  be  suc- 
cessful. 

ELEMENT  1  — 
MULTIPLE  CHOICE 

1}  What  is  a  station  master? 

1)  A  brand  of  repeater  antenna 

2)  Slang  for  a  repeater  control  operator 

3)  The  name  of  Motorola's  repeater  line 

4)  A  type  of  phone  patch 

2)  In  moat  ham  applications,  Motorola's 
HT-220  operates  on: 

1)50  MHz 
2}  145  MHz 
3}  220  MHz 
4}  440  MHz 

3)  The  Private  Une  aubaudioie  tone  sys- 
tem was  invented  by: 

1)  General  Electric 

2)  RCA 

3)  Motorola 
A)  Kenwood 


4)  in  which  year  did  the  amateur  6-meier 
band  open? 

1)1969 
2)1919 
3)1923 
4)  1345 

5)  Who  invented  fU7 
1)  Colonel  Perkins 
2}  Major  Armstrong, 

3)  Captain  Andrews 

4)  General  Stupidity 


ELEMENT  2— MATCHING 

Match   the  past  and   present  2-meior 
transceivers  with  their  manufacturers. 
Column  A  Column  B 

1)  Car  tone  A)  Icom 

2)  Brimstone  144  B}  KLM 

3)  Marker-Luxury  C)  Swan 
(ML-2)  D)  Azden 

4)  Voice  Com-  El  Motorola 
mander  III  F)  Yaesu 

5)  HR  2A  G)  Santec 

6}  Mult  I  11  Hi  General  Electric 

71FM-DX  0   Tempo 

01HW2O36  J|   Kenwood 

9)  IC2AT  K)  RCA 

10)  Metrum  H  L)  Satan  Eiec- 
11JPCS-4500  tronlcs 

12)TM-201A  M)Heathkit 

13)144uP  NlClegg 


141GTX-202 

15)  FM-2X 

16)  VHF-1 
17)TRX-144 
18)  1402  SM 
19)FT-221 
20M3-510A 


Q>  VHF  Engineering 

Pi  Drake 

Q)  Midland 

R)  FM  Laboratories 

S)  Genave 

T>  Wilson 

U)  Regency 


ELEMENT  3— 

SCRAMBLED  WORDS 

Unscramble  these  examples  of  repeal- 
er terminology: 

RMMEJA  PUSR 

TCHAPTOAU  PLUOXE 

PERTfiEEA  TILSP 

LENKCHA  QUELCHS 

FOFEST  PIMXSLE 

THE  ANSWERS 

Element  t; 

1—1  Made  by  Phelps-Dodge  and  very 
popular. 

2 — 2  Doesn't  make  much  sense,  does 
It? 

3 — 3  Ever  notice  how  many  "subaudible M 
tones  really  aren't? 

4—4  Hrnmm  Just  a  couple  of  years 
before  TV. 

5—2  Major  Edwin  H.  Armstrong,  who  lat- 
er killed  himself  when  the  boys  at 
the  radio  networks  tried  to  cheai 
him  out  of  his  royalties 

E/eme/tf  2: 

1-K  2L  3-P.  4-H.  5-U,  6-B,  7-N,  B-M.  fr-A, 

10-E,  M-O,  J2-J,  13-G,  14-S,  15-CT  W.  U-O, 

18-T,  19*F,  20-O 

Element  3: 

{Reading    from    left    to    right)   JAMMER, 

SPUR,       AUTOPATCH,       DUPLEX.       RE- 


PEATER,  SPUT,   CHANNEL  SQUELCH, 
OFFSET.  SIMPLEX 

SCORING 

Element  i: 

Six  points  for  each  correct  answer 
Element  2: 

One  and  one-half  points  per  match, 
Eiement  3: 

Three  points  for  each  word  unscrambled. 
How  well  do  you  repeal? 
1-20  points— Have  never  ventured  be- 
yond 14  MHz 
21-40  points — Think  that  2-meter  radia- 
tion is  harmful 
41-60  points — Use  2  meters  when  the 

CB  Is  broken 
61-60  points— Take  your  HT  along  on 

dates 
61  +  points— Hopelessly  add  ret  ed 


AUTHOR'S  CORNER 

In  these  last  Tew  tinea  of  this  month's 
column  I  would  like  to  respond  to  a  point 
raised  by  Mark  Regan  of  Reynolds  burg. 
Ohio.  In  a  tetter  appearing  in  the  August. 
1983.  "Letters'  column.  Mr.  Regan  claims 
that  my  comments  In  response  to  a 
"FUN1"  poll  question  on  religious  nets 
proves  that  I  wish  "to  deny  the  right  of  free 
speech  to  those  who  like  lo  talk  about 
Ideas  of  a  religious  nature  " 

Not  true,  Mr.  Regan.  I  certainly  have  no 
objection  to  bible  discussions  or  any  oth- 
er sort  of  on-air  religious  activity  that  con- 
forms to  FCC  rules.  If  my  comment  gave 
an  ant i- tree-speech  impression,  as  Mr. 
Regan  asserts,  I'm  sorry.  To  set  the  matter 
straight,  I  believe  in  free  speech  for  all. 


RTF/  LOOP 


Marc  L  Leavey,  M.D.  WA3AJR 
6  Jenny  Lane 
Pikesvifie  MD  21208 

Happy  New  Year!  I  don't  know  how  long 
I  have  been  waiting  for  this  year  to  finally 
a r rive.  I  guess  it  has  been  ever  since  I  read 
the  book— George  Orwell's,  that  is.  But 
this  year  seems  no  more  frightening  than 
last,  even  though  the  technology  for  some 
of  Mr.  Orwell's  more  frightening  machin- 
ery does  exist.  Hopefully,  however,  we  will 
use  this  techno  logy  for  good,  progressive 
communication. 

We  do  have  a  touch  of  "newspeak," 
however  Ever  hear  of  a  CBBS?  How  about 
an  ABBS,  Tariooard  PMS.  or  other  such 
cryptic  phrase?  To  the  computer  buff, 
these  butfetift-board  systems  (BBS)  repre- 
sent the  "Citizens  Band"  (if  you  will  for- 
give the  expression)  of  computing.  They 
offer  a  source  of  bullet  Ins,  a  pipeline  for 
programs,  and  a  kind  of  public  soapbox 
and  maiidrop  that  is  available  tor  ihe  cost 
ot  a  phone  call.  It  shouldn't  surprise  you, 
then,  that  we  hams  have  our  own  form  ol 
BBS  On  the  air— usually  called  a  RTTY 
mailbox  system. 

Made  possible  by  any  of  a  number  of  mi- 
crocomputers, these  versatile  fusions  of 
Hardware  and  software  create  a  kind  of, 
well  'el  s  call  it  a  repeater,  which  can  be 
called  up,  accessed,  and  used  much  as 
our  computer  buff's  BBS  can.  But  ours  Is 
on  I  he  radio,  not  the  telephone! 

I  know  that  you  all  are  interested  In 
these  systems,  with  a  representative  let- 
ter this  month  coming  from  Bob  Wallace 


W9STA/2,  in  New  York  City.  Bob  writes, 
"Do  you  have  any  Information  regarding 
the  RTTY  mailboxes  such  as  frequency, 
location,  and  how  these  things  are  ac- 
cessed7' 

Well,  Art  S  ant  el  la  K1VKO  passes  along 
the  following  information  about  one  such 
system,  the  WAiGOO  mailbox,  in  Roway- 
ton.  Connecticut.  Art  tells  me  thai!  the  Sys- 
tem is  On  146,580  MHz,  twenty-four  hours 
a  day,  idHng  at  B0  wpm.  A  user  accessing 
the  machine  can  switch  It  to  100-wpm 
Murray  or  110-baud  ASCII.  The  machine 
covers  a  large  area  of  Long  island  and 
Connecticut,  being  located  on  (he 
coastline  of  Long  tsland  Sound.  Oper- 
ating simplex,  with  a  Station  Master  an- 
tenna. Art  tells  me  that  plans  are  in  the 
mill  to  raise  the  antenna  to  100  feet,  using 
a  hardline  feed,  and  a  linear  may  be  added 
to  boost  the  output  even  more.  Further 
down  the  line,  a  twenty-meter  mailbox 
may  be  added,  with  a  link  to  the  VHF  ma- 
chine. This  would  give  a  super  way  to 
reach  in  and  out  of  the  Long  Island  area 
for  locai  and  DX  si  at  ions, 

A  look  at  the  directory  on  line  recently 
shows  about  thirty  files,  including  listings 
of  computer  nets,  an  RBBS  directory. 
Miami  weather  frequencies,  a  W1AW 
schedule,  various  ARRL  and  other  bul- 
letins, several  articles  on  RTTY  and  com- 
puters, and  other  items  ot  interest,  Even 
recent  DX  stations  worked  are  listed,  with 
times  and  frequencies,  to  aid  other  oper- 
ators In  their  search  for  the  rare  country. 

The  system  uses  the  Super-RATT™ 
software  that  we  mentioned  here  a  few 


months  back.  Some  ol  the  commands 
available  include  the  ability  to  save  or 
read  messages  on  the  system  disk,  scan 
recent  news  or  weather  bulletins,  look  at 
the  user  hie,  set  mode  to  Murray  code  at 
45  baud  (60  wpm],  74  baud,  110  baud,  or 
ASCII  at  1 10  baud,  even  I  he  ability  to  look 
at  four  analog-to-digital  converters,  I  don't 
know  what  you  would  use  that  for! 

If  you  are  Interested  In  I  his  system.  Art 
would  be  happy  to  send  you  a  full  list  of 
commands  and  such  Just  send  a  busi- 
ness-Slze  SAS£  to  Art  Sanlelfa  K1VK<X  43 
Seavtew  Avenue.  East  Morwaik  UT  06855. 
and  ask  for  the  Information  on  the 
WAIGOO  mailbox.  Be  sure  to  tell  him  you 
saw  it  in  "RTTY  Loop. " 

A  look  at  the  mailbox  on  my  front  curb 
produces  this  letter  from  Roy  D.  Thomas 
KA4VVJ,  Roy  would  like  to  find  a  source 
for  in-depth  information  on  several  of  I  he 
microprocessor  chips  around.  He  relates 
having  Information  on  the  6800  (a  fine 
chip!)  but  wants  to  team  more  about  the 
8080,  240.  6502.  and  others.  He  also 
wants  to  know  where  you  can  buy  any  of 
these  chips. 

Well  Roy.  let's  cover  that  last  question 
first  Any  good  computer  center  or  parts 
house  should  stock  those  CPU  chips  men- 
tioned above,  along  with  the  support 
chips  needed  to  build  a  functioning 
system.  I  would  caution,  however,  that  It 
takes  a  fair  piece  more  than  a  chip  and  a 
power  supply  to  make  a  computer.  So, 
before  you  go  out  and  buy  a  chip  for  ten 
bucks  or  so.  it  would  do  you  well  to  read 
quite  a  bit  and  decide  on  just  what  you 
want  to  accomplish 

There  is  a  raft  of  books  out  there, 
ranging  from  highly  technical  master- 
pieces ot  obf  usee  lion  to  primers  that 
spend  hundreds  of  pages  to  teach  a  few 
elementary  facts.  The  best  bet  is  to  read  a 
few  ol  the  computer  magazines  which 
cover  all  bases,  such  as  Microcomputing, 


and  took  at  back  issues,  which  should  be 
in  any  reasonably  sized  library,  to  pet  a 
grasp  on  the  hardware  involved.  In  the  ads 
in  these  magazines  you  will  find  a  great 
number  of  books  on  microprocessors,  and 
many  of  these  books  will  be  reviewed  in 
the  magazines  as  welt.  Look  them  over;  I 
am  sure  you  will  find  enough  Information 
to  Keep  you  busy  for  some  time  to  come. 

Above  all,  please  realize  that,  wilh  few 
exceptions,  it  makes  little  difference 
which  microprocessor  chip  is  ultimately 
used.  How  well  and  flexibly  the  software 
is  written,  how  well  the  system,  once  con 
figured,  writ  do  the  task  at  hand,  and  what 
the  upward  compatibility  is  (will  it  become 
obsolete  next  year?)  are  all  valid  con- 
siderations. 

A  thank  you  to  you  &M»  the  readers  of 
'RTTY  Loop,"  is  sent  along  by  way  of 
Barry  Travis  N4FNZ.  Barry,  you  may  recall, 
needed  a  hard-to-hnd  CRT  for  his  oscillo- 
scope. Well  you  all  came  through,  and 
Barry  is  watching  dancing  green  lines 
once  again 

A  new  request  comes  from  Henry  Klrcrv 
rner  KF4L/W.  Henry  Is  looking  for  help  m 
putting  a  Yaesu  FT-107  on  RTTY,  He  also 
would  like  to  find  a  RTTY  interface  for  the 
Timex/Sinclair  1000.  I  did  not  find  any 
T/S-1000  Interfaces  In  my  review  last 
month,  Henry.  But  I  am  sure  that  any 
reader  wilh  information  would  be  glad  to 
drop  you  a  note  at  30  Patrick  Lane, 
Rock  ledge  FL  32965.  Send  me  a  copy,  too. 
folks— 1  hanks. 

Another  ham  looking  for  help  is  Tom 
Guilders  WA5ZVZ.  Tom  has  purchased  a 
Teletype4  Model  35  and  p fans  to  use  it  as 
a  printer  for  his  TRS-80C1  He  is  looking 
for  help  m  connecting  ihe  loop  supply  of 
the  teleprinter  to  his  computer.  Well,  Tom+ 
I  have  zip  in  the  way  of  information  on  the 
Modal  35;  I  am  sure  that  at  least  one  of  our 
readers  does,  however,  maybe  even  hav- 
ing hooked  up  the  thing  as  you  want  to,  If 

73  Magazine  *  January.  1984     97 


— 


so.  I  am  sure  that  you  will  receive  a  note  at 
7189  West  branch,  Oh*e  Branch  MS  38654. 
very  soon.  If  I  hear  anything  here,  111  let 
you  know 

In  case  any  hams  in  I  tie  southern  Cali- 
fornia area  have  never  heard  of  SCATS 
(the  Southern  Counties  Amateur  Tele- 
printer Society),  and  I  find  that  hard  to 
believe,  the  club  operates  a  two-meter  re 
peater  on  146.10/146.70  MHz,  located  In 
the  north  San  Fernando  Valley  and  another 
repeater  on  223  12/224  72  MHz  on  the  Palo 
Verdes  hills.  These  are  Murray  RTTY  re- 
peaters, open  to  all.  The  current  president 
of  the  dub  is  Sid  He/man  WBfiFFW  Inter- 
ested amateurs  are  invited  to  drop  a  note 
to  the  editor  of  SCATTER,  the  society's 
newsletter,  Hugh  Washburn  WA81EX, 
5772  Garden  Grove  Blvd.,  Sp  415,  West- 
minister CA  92683T  for  more  information, 

I  would  like  to  take  a  moment  to  ad 
dress  a  ratner  select  group  of  readers.  Any 
of  you  who  are  using  8800  or  6609  systems 
under  the  Smoke  Signal  DOS68  or  DOS69 
systems  are  invited  to  drop  me  a  line  wit n 
your  name;  address,  and  whatever  system 


details  you  care  to  offer.  I  am  looking  to 
get  a  sense  ot  how  big  the  QOS6B/DGS80 
group  is  compared  with  the  FLEX  bunch 
so  that  we  can  see  some  more  of  our  sys- 
tem's stuff  in  print.  Thanhs. 

As  1  have  said  before,  t  always  enjoy 
hearing  about  your  experiences  with  the 
newer  RTTY  equipment.  This  months  lot 
me  present  one  man's  experiences. 
Ronald  Kenneady  N2DWH  writes:  1  have 
been  reading  "RTTY  Loop'  for  Quite  some 
time  now  and  with  the  advent  of  comput- 
ers, interfaces,  printers  and  solid-state 
rigs,  I  have  finally  decided  to  plunge  in. 

"And  when  t  plunge  in  I  piunge  tn*  I've 
acquired  a  Kenwood  TS130S.  a  Kantron- 
ics  Interlace,  and  a  VIC-20  computer, 
along  with  the  VIC  data  set,  disk  drive,  and 
dot  matrix  printer.  Right  out  of  the  box 
everything  worked,  except  the  Interface, 

"But,  not  to  worry,  the  folks  at  Kan- 
tronics  are  great  people  and  Mr.  Tf*rt* 
Brann  stayed  on  the  telephone  with  me 
quite  some  time  trying  to  figure  out  why 
every  time  I  plugged  in  the  computer-torn, 
terface  cord  the  Kenwood  went  into  trans 


mit  mode.  He  finally  decided  that  i)  must 
be  a  defective  cable  and  said  thai  he 
would  send  me  a  new  cable 

"Not  wanting  to  wait  for  the  UPS  truck.  I 
pulled  the  cap  off  the  game-pon  end  of  the 
connector  and  began  to  experiment  The 
wire-io-ptn  scheme  that  Travis  Brann  had 
given  ma  said  that  I  should  be  looking  at 
the  brown  wire  to  pi n  1 ,  the  red  wire  to  pin 
2,  white  to  pin  3.  green  to  pin  6,  and  black 
to  pin  8  Not  so  and  it's  not  ^Centronics' 
fault!  Itt  the  connector  itself.  Pins  t,  2+ 
and  3  (on  the  top  side}  are  correct,  how- 
ever, on  the  bottom,  It's  a  different  story. 
The  numbering  order  has  been  reversed. 
Therefore,  by  placing  the  green  wire  fn  the 
connecior  slot  marked  tor  pin  8  and  the 
black  In  the  slot  for  pin  6,  all  systems  be- 
come a  GO!  The  black  wire  in  this  cable  Is 
a  double  wire  attached  to  shield,  and 
therefore,  somewhere  along  the  line,  to 
ground.  Grounding  pin  B  will  activate  the 
PTT  circuit  in  the  Kenwood  and  lump  to 
transmit  mode.  If  other  hams  are  having 
problems  of  this  nature  they  would  do  well 
|o  check  the  wiring  to  the  pin  in  the  game 
port. 


"If  you  decide  to  use  the  Kantronics  In- 
terface, be  careful  with  the  operating  volt 
age  and  current.  If  the  input  is  not  at  least 
12  volts  at  1.5  Amps,  it  Just  won't  work  It 
the  interlace  can't  pull  enough  current 
from  the  source,  the  entire  bar  graph  and 
LED  tuning  light  will  light  up  and  signals 
will  not  pass  In  either  direction.  Another 
hint  for  operation  troubles  hooting:  All 
power  must  be  on  in  order  to  operate.  The 
monitor,  computer,  Interface,  transceiver, 
and  printer  (If  attached)  must  all  have 
power  on  in  order  to  operate.  Turn  one  of 
them  off  and  the  whole  system  will  go 
down.  According  to  Travis  Brann  if*  a 
built-in  feature." 

Well,  I  really  appreciate  iheae  Impres- 
sions of  the  Kantronics  unit,  and  I  am  sure 
that  those  readers  considering  putting  a 
computer  on  the  air  do  as  well.  I  will  try  to 
cover  more  Of  the  material  you  ask  about 
In  the  coming  months  Please  remember, 
if  you  would  like  a  personal  reply  to  a  let 
ter,  enclose  an  SASE.  Thanks.  So  long  for 
now— stay  tuned  lor  nexl  month's  "RTTY 

Loop:' 


LETTERS 


WINNER! 


3 


In  my  opinion,  your  recent  Introduction  of 
the  "73  International"  column  has  set  your 
publication  apart  from  all  the  others. 

The  use  of  correspondents  *in  country" 
makes  the  contents  believable.  The  use  of 
futi-ceJor  nahonaJ  Hags  in  the  headings  Is  a 
stroke  of  genius. 

It  seems  to  me  that  beyond  I  he  reaJ  service 
that  this  column  provides  to  worldwide  am- 
ateurs, 1 1  provides  an  insight  to  the  corre- 
spondenls'  countries  to  the  non-amateurs 
who  may  come  across  II.  The  Lord  knows  the 
world  needs  ail  the  help  it  can  get l  Hope 
springs  eternal  that  before  long  you  will  have 
correspondents  in  TA-,  CN-.  4S~,  5R-.  and  per- 
haps even  SP-  and  (dare  I  wish  ?)  tMands. 

Finally,  it  is  obvious  that  me  inputs  from 
some  of  the  non-Engilsh*peakrng  corre- 
spondents have  been  tmitelitefated.  rather 
then  translated  The  difference  is  best  illus- 
trated by  ihe  tine  from  the  song;  "Throw 
Mama  from  the  train  a  kiss"  (trans//feratlon). 
The  German  when  trans/a  red  would  be: 
"Throw  a  kiss  to  Mama  from  the  train."  To 
the  thinking  person.  I  believe  this  enhance* 
the  credence  of  the  correspondents.  Please 
don't  edit  them,  except  possibly  for  length 

Wayne,  you  have  another  winner1 

Thomas  L  Bowers  HI  WD4CQY 

EustisFL 


OFF-BASE  COLUMN? 


] 


I  am  not  given  to  writing  letters  to  the 
editor,  but  after  reading  a  column  in  the 
August  issue  ol  73,  i  am  moved  to  put  in 
my  two  cents  worth.  The  column  i  am 
referring  to  was  part  of  "T3  International ' 
and  was  written  by  Hoy  Watte  W9PQN 
concerning  his  view*  on  amateur  radio  in 
Japan,    .and other  non-related  items. 

Mr.  Waite's  comments  made  lot  Inter- 
est Ing  reading.  Unfortunately,  his  state- 
ments were  somewhat  incomplete,  incor- 
rect, and  outdated  Some  were  nol  even 
relevant  to  amateur  radio. 

There  is  a  general  statement  that  tor 


signers  living  in  Japan  often  make  that  ap- 
plies: Nothing  in  Japan  Is  easy.  It  is  a  bu- 
reaucratic, red-tape,  paperwork  night- 
mare.  It  also  makes  for  full  employment! 
Mr  WaSte  attempted  to  Lie  Japanese  pro- 
cedures, rules,  and  regulations  to  the 
American  way  of  doing  business.  That  is 
like  comparing  apples  to  oranges.  We 
have  an  outstanding  country,  but  in  my 
opinion,  we  have  too  liberal  rules  and 
regulations  covering  a  wide  range  pi 
rights  accorded  to  visiting  foreigners, 
both  ihe  legal  and  illegal  type.  But  Japan 
is  the  subject  here,  not  America. 

First,  It  Is  not  easy  for  a  foreigner  to  ob- 
tain a  license  and  permission  to  operate 
an  amateur-radio  station  In  Japan,  but  It 
can  be  done.  The  number  doing  so  is  quite 
large,  surprisingly  so.  However,  tor  the 
short-term  fourisi.  it  is  almost  impossible 
Anyone  having  a  valid  amateur  license  is- 
sued by  another  country  can  ape ty  tor  per 
mission  to  operate  on  the  correct  form  ob- 
tained from  the  Telecommunications 
Commission,  The  next,  and  often  most 
difficult,  step  Is  finding  a  radio  club  that 
will  allow  you  to  use  their  club  callslgn. 
Only  one  individual  at  a  time  can  use  the 
club  callslgn  The  other  way  for  a 
foreigner  to  get  on  the  air  is  to  take  the 
written  exam  in  Japanese.  Do  that  and 
you  get  your  license  and  call  sign  like  any 
other  amateur.  The  last  time  I  checked, 
the  American  exam  was  not  given  In  Jap- 
anese—only English— so  anyone  who  de- 
sires a  regular  American  license  must 
know  our  language. 

In  Japan,  there  are  four  classes  of  li- 
cense: first  class,  second  class,  telegra- 
phy, and  telephony.  First  and  second 
class  can  operate  100  Watte.  The  strict 
government  inspection  that  Mr,  Waste  re- 
ferred to  pi  us  the  Si  00  charge  are  things 
of  the  past  JARL  has  been  given  the 
authority  to  inspect  and  approve  100-Watt 
(and  rot  first  class,  op  to  500-Watt)  sta- 
tions. The  modem  equipment  used  by 
most  amateurs  makes  the  Inspection 
roullne. 

Much  has  been  made  by  Mr,  Waits  and 
others  of  the  large  numbers  of  Japanese 
who  hold  the  lowest  -class  license*  They 


attempt  to  equate  it  to  CB  and  a  lack  of 
technical  expertise.  Actually,  this  Is  not 
the  case.  The  level  of  technical  know-how 
among  average  Japanese  amateurs  is 
higher  than  that  of  the  average  American 
Novice.  What  ts  more  important,  technical 
ability  and  knowledge  or  the  ability  to 
copy  CW  at  12  words  per  minute  (9  wprn 
for  the  second  class,  which  is  about  equal 
to  our  General  class)?  In  technical  ski  Us 
and  knowledge,  the  holders  of  the  lowest 
level  license  In  Japan  are  nor  Novices. 

I  also  disagree  with  the  statement  that 
in  Japan  amateur  radio  Is  merely  an  exten- 
sion of  the  Citizens  Band,  including  its 
numerous  abuses,  bad  manners,  over 
crowding,  and  lack  of  what  amateur  radio 
is  all  about.  What  is  amateur  radio  all 
about  anyway?  it  is  a  hobby,  II  is  fun.  It  is 
communicating  with  others  who  enjoy  the 
same  thing.  There  is  no  requirement  \q  do 
research  or  experiment  or  build  home 
brew  equipment.  The  general  consensus 
of  opinion  Is  that  the  more  people  In- 
volved with  amateur  radio  (or  any  other 
hobby),  ihe  better  off  It  is.  More  people  In- 
volved means  band  crowding.  It  also 
means  an  increased  I i kef i hood  of  more  ex- 
perimenters and  developers,  more  domes- 
tic equipment,  a  larger  market,  and  a  fresh 
infusion  of  "new  blood  to  prevent  stag- 
nation, I've  heard  my  share  ot  pileups  and 
bad  manners  from  English-speaking  oper- 
ators. One  additional  point  needs  to  be  re- 
membered (and  recognized):  The  holder  of 
the  license,  even  the  telephony  class. 
must  clearly  demonstrate  technical  knowl- 
edge. .  .something  that  the  stateside  CB 
operator  does  not  have  to  do.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  Japan  has  a  new  "sport  band"  in 
the  900- MHz  range  that  requires  no  li- 
cense Putting  CB  up  there  makes  more 
sense  than  in  the  upper  HP  range  where 
ours  Is. 

One  small  but  Important  (to  Ihe  few  in 
volved)  aspect  of  amateur  radio  In  Japan  that 
was  not  covered  by  Mr.  Waite  Is  the  KA  call- 
sign  Under  an  agreement  between  the  gov- 
ernments of  Japan  and  the  US,  amateurs 
who  are  stationed  with  the  US  military  in 
Japan  and  who  reside  on  a  US  military  in- 
stallation can  be  issued  a  special  license  and 
a  KA  callsign.  The  callsign  consists  ot  the  KA 
prefix,  a  number  corresponding  to  the  part  of 
the  country  where  the  radio  is  located,  and  by 
a  two4etier  suffix.  The  interesting  part  is  that 
the  operating  privileges  accorded  the 
amateur  are  the  same  tor  the  holder  ot  the 
Novice-class  US  license  as  they  are  for  the 
holder  of  the  Exira~dass  ticket.  In  addition, 


they  are  expanded  over  what  Is  authorized  in 
the  US,  For  example,  KA  stations  are  granted 
permission  to  operate  voice  from  14.000  to 
14.350  and  from  21.000  to  21  450.  Therefore, 
the  holders  of  Ihe  KA  call  can  legally  talk 
with  foreign  stations  on  freouenoes  well  out- 
side of  those  normally  authorized  Even  a 
Novice,  something  Mr.  Warte  seems  to  tnink 
is  not  worth  much,  can  talk  to  his  hearts  con- 
tent with  any  station  outside  of  Japan  on  fre- 
quencies even  a  US  Extra  ticket  holder  can- 
not use.  Tm  sure  that  must  rub  some  "real 
hams"  the  wrong  way!  The  two  noteworthy 
limitations  to  the  KA  callslgn  are  (1)  the  sta- 
tion must  be  ftxedoase,  no  mobile  opera- 
tions allowed  land,  of  course,  hie  station 
must  be  on  a  US  facility!  and  0  no  contact 
with  Japanese  stations  and  no  tturd-pany 
ops  are  aliowed. 

Unfortunateiy,  even  though  the  KA  call- 
signs  are  often  listed  in  the  call  sign  dime- 
lory,  many  amateurs  are  not  tamiliar  with 
them  and  (1)  think  we  are  stateside  or  (2) 
donl  realize  thai  we  can  legally  operate  oul- 
slde  of  the  normal  limits  foHowed  by  US 
hams  stateside 

One  aspect  of  Mr.  Waite's  column  that  I 
Objected  to  the  most  was  the  voicing  ot  his 
opinions  of  the  policies  of  Ihe  Japanese 
government  Japan  is  not  Anienca-  His  com- 
ments are  best  directed  toward  his  congress 
man,  I  don't  necessarily  agree  with  many  of 
the  official  or  unofficial  policies  practiced  by 
Ihe  Japanese  government  or  the  population 
at  large.  However,  amateur  radio  Is  supposed 
to  transcend  politics.  Describing  Ihe  living 
place  of  the  average  Japanese  as  a  "rabbit 
hutch"  or  "hovel"  has  no  place  in  your 
magazine  nor  do  discussions  of  hts  opinion 
of  their  attempts  to  protect  Japanese  domes- 
tic production  I  have  lived  In  Japan  for  the 
past  six  years  and  do  not  agree  with  his 
assessment  ol  the  living  conditions  of  the 
local  population.  .  .but  my  opinion  really 
should  not  show  up  in  print  in  an  amateur- 
radio  magazine  any  more  than  his  should 
We  want  to  Improve  International  relations 
and  increase  goodwill  between  hams,  not 
torpedo  ft. 

I  hale  to  say  it.  but  the  July  issue  of  that 
unnarneaoie  magazine,  on  page  60.  gave  a 
better  summation  ot  the  Japanese  license 
than  did  Mr,  Waite  No  politics  or  opinions, 
just  the  correct  facts. 

Thank  you  for  your  time 

Cdr.  William  W.  Radican  N7CAD/KA2VVR 

San  Francisco  CA 

/  wouldn't  want  fo  say  that  I  am  mow 
qualified  fo  comment  on  amateur  radio  (or 


98     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


anything  else  in  Japan)  than  Cdr.  Radtcan 
after  his  six  years  in  Japan,  but  i  would  think 
that  my  20+  years  in  Japan,  having  asso 
dated  with  Japanese  hams  of  all  classes  as 
weft  as  foreign  hams,  might  give  me  a  shght 


Cdr  Radican  begins  his  essay  by  stating 
that  my  statements  were  incorrect  and  out- 
dated. No  way!  In  rechecking  the  column  in 
question,  I  find  no  misstatement  of  fact  ot 
any  kind,  nor  is  the  information  outdated.  My 
friends  in  The  JARL  {including  Pmstdent 
Hara^.  Ministry  of  Posts  and  Tetecommunica- 
Irons,  and  CO  Ham  Radio  wouldn't  let  me 
down.  The  only  tact  that  has  changed  since 
the  column  appeared  (which  Cdr,  Radican  at- 
tempts but  tails  to  explain  correctly}  oc- 
curred after  73  went  to  press.  This  was  tne 
change  in  the  rule  which  eliminates  station 
inspection  for  stations  of  TOO  Watts  or  less 
(previously  TO  Watts  or  fessk  And  this  was 
brought  about  only  because  the  American 
side  would  not  sign  a  reciprocal  agreement 
that  reoui/ed  a  station  to  be  inspected  poor 
to  issuance  of  a  ttcense  The  JARL  success- 
tuity  negotiated  that  point  with  the  very  stub- 
born Ministry  of  Posts,  it  has  now  become 
more  probable  that  a  reciprocal  agreement 
will  be  signed,  but  the  Japanese  side  stili 
wants  to  charge  7JQQQ  yen  per  application 
{equivalent  to  about  £2#>  This  is  not  exactly 
reciprocity,  or  course,  because  as  far  as  I 
know,  most  (if  not  all)  ot  the  mator  nations 
make  no  charge  at  all,  or  onty  a  nominal 
eharge  at  most.  But  maybe  we  can  live  with 
thai  i  am  not  sure  the  US  wilt  agree,  though. 

Cdr.  Radican  states  that  the  JARL  has 
bean  given  permission  to  inspect  first-class 
stations  up  to  SCO  Waffs:  mt  true.  The  JARL 
has  been  given  authority  to  waive  inspec- 
tions tor  any  stations  of  too  Watts  or  lass 
(output  power}.  Incidentally,  inspections  are 
not  necessarily  as  routine  as  Cdr  Radican 
wouid  have  us  believe  it  depends  on  the  in- 
spector, the  weather,  rf  he  ttMes  the  way  you 
comb  your  hair,  etc  Several  ot  my  Japanese 
friends  hove  told  me  some  hair-ratsmg  tales 
about  these  inspections,  And  you  have  to 
wait  as  long  as  $t*  months  for  the  inspectors 
to  come  before  you  can  operate.  A  short-term 
visitor  to  Japan  wouldn't  even  be  hen*  that 
long! 

Cdr.  Radican  also  states  that  "anyone  hav 
ing  a  valid  amateurradio  license  issued  by 
another  country  can  apply  for  permission  to 
operate.  H  Wrong!  Only  amateurs  from 
Amenca,  Germany,  Fintand,  and  Ireland  can 
do  that 

Cdr,  Radican  states  that  aft  a  foreigner  has 
to  do  is  to  take  the  written  Japanese  exam, 
and  If  he  passes  it,  he  will  get  a  license  and 
caff  sign  tike  everyone  else.  Wrong  agamf  He 
wiii  get  onfy  an  operator's  permit.  The  station 
and  operator's  ttcense  are  separate  m  Japan 
He  still  needs  a  trtendfy  Japanese  who  ts  witt- 
ing to  fend  a  dub  catlsign  to  htm.  But  no  call- 


Sign  will  be  assigned  to  the  foreigner  The 
club  catlsign  is  owned  by  the  Japanese,  and 
the  Japanese  is  in  charge.  The  foreigner  only 
becomes  a  member  of  that  particular  club. 
Under  Japanese  law,  only  Japanese  citizens 
can  have  a  calf  sign.  Four  non-Japanese  have 
taken  the  Japanese  test  and  passed,  but  they 
stilt  had  to  search  for  a  club  to  operate  from 
Cdr.  Radican  disagrees  with  the  statement 
that  in  Japan  amateur  radio  is  an  extension 
of  the  Citizens  Band  OK  he  can  disagree  it 
he  Ukes.  But  that  doesn't  change  anything. 
He  ought  to  listen  to  2  meters  or  15  meters 
some  night  or  weekend.  Maybe  he  would  en- 
joy the  sex  tapes  played  on  the  main  catting 
channel,  deliberate  repeater  blocking,  an- 
other "ham"  telling  ait  who  wlft  listen  that  he 
is  going  to  masturbate  on  the  air  as  he  goes 
ttvough  afi  the  sounds,  the  jeers  and  mock- 
ing when  two  English  speakers  want  to  have 
a  QSO.  guitar  playing,  singing,  etc  Does  Cdr. 
Radtcan  have  his  head  buried  in  the  sand? 

Cdr  Radican  refers  to  the  Japanese  Den* 
wakyu  (whom  t  property  called  "'Novice"  op- 
erators, in  English}  There  is  no  doubt  that  the 
Novice  operators  in  Japan  have  tn  the  long 
run  added  new  numbers  to  the  ham  popula- 
tion, but  perhaps  Cdr.  Radican  does  not 
know  that  42%  ot  these  new  operators  fail  to 
renew  their  station  licenses  upon  expiration. 
Ot  those  that  do  renew,  upon  the  second  ex- 
ptratton.  any  53 V*  renew  After  that  the  rate 
continues  downward,  it  ts  a  case  of  diminish- 
ing returns.  We  have  just  a  lot  of  people 
"passing  through"  the  amateur  gates  and 
never  returning  after  they  tire  of  screaming 
and  shouting  and  cany  tog  on.  The  mason? 
No  incentive.  One  can  nsmain  in  the  depths 
of  the  Novice  world  forever  if  he  or  she  so 
chooses.  Too  easy  to  get  m  in  the  first  place. 
Remember  that  anything  acquired  too  easily 
is  usually  not  cherished  tor  long,  Incidentally, 
many  people  think  the  large  number  of  hams 
hem  Has  some  real  meaning,  but  actually, 
catlsJgns  are  never  reissued;  counting  cail- 
signs  is  futile,  since  many  operators  are 
counted  who  have  long  ago  dropped  out.  No 
one  knows  tor  sure  what  the  real  number  Is. 
Technical  skills  superior  to  the  US  Novice? 
Yes,  the  Questions  do  seem  on  a  higher  level, 
but  nsmember  that  they  are  multiple  choice. 
Memory  courses  are  fun  for  these  budding 
hams  the  year  around, 

I  think  Cdr.  Radican  is  correct  in  his  stale 
ment  about  the  new  900-MHz  sport  band,  ft  Is 
a  good  idea  But  I  am  not  planning  to  cover  it. 
as  tt  is  outside  the  malm  of  ham  radto. 

Now  about  the  US  military  KA  stations.  I 
covered  this  in  the  October  issue  ot  73.  Cdr. 
Radican  seems  to  think  that  Japan  and 
America  have  an  agreement  permitting  these 
stations  to  operate.  Quite  the  contrary.  The 
JARL  and  Ministry  of  Posts  have  made  it 
known  to  Japanese  hams  that  KA  stations 
are  not  hams  at  all  and  have  prohibited  ait 
Japanese  hams  from  contacting  them,  sub- 


ject to  penalties-  The  agreement  that  seems 
to  be  contusing  Cdr,  Radican  is  the  Status  of 
Forces  Agreement  that  allows  the  US  mili- 
tary to  establish  military  communications.  It 
is  for  that  reason  that  Japan  considers  KA 
stations  to  be  military  father  than  ham  sta- 
tions, tl  is  not  a  kind  Japanese  government 
that  is  permitting  the  American  KA  stations 
full-band  operation,  even  for  US  Novices. 
Quite  the  contrary. 

Cdr.  Radican  thinks  that  ham  radio  should 
transcend  politics.  No,  not  when  it  comes  to 
reciprocity,  unfortunately.  Thts  is  the  real 
world. 

Car,  Radican  states  that  "Nothing  In 
Japan  ts  easy,  it  is  a  bureaucratic,  red-tape, 
paperwork  nightmare,  ft  also  makes  for  full 
employment*"  So.  from  thai  statement,  I 
gather  that  Cdr.  Radican  would  have  the  US 
imitate  Japan  in  this  regard:  more  red-tape 
and  paperwork  nightmares,  and  we  will  have 
full  employment  How  simple  lite  could  be, 
indeed!  It  isn't  possible  that  some  of  thai  red 
tape  and  bureaucracy  is  keeping  American 
products  out  of  Japan,  is  It? 

Cor.  Radican  reminds  me  that  "Japan  is 
not  America. "  Yes,  I've  noticed. 

Cdr.  Radican  mostly  objects  to  the  voicing 
of  my  opinions  of  the  policies  ot  the  Jap 
anese  government  Why  is  that7  Are  we  to  be 
afraid  of  the  truth  in  these  matters?  Are  my 
comments  irrelevant  to  amateur  radio**  They 
certainty  are  not.  Mr.  Nakasone,  the  Prime 
Minister  of  Japan,  does  not  deny  me  my  right 
to  criticize  the  government,  f  have  written  two 
times  to  Mr.  Nakasone  and  received  replies 
from  him  both  times,  (He  answers  all  of  his 
matt  I  l  am  a  member  ot  Japanese  society 
Hate,  pay  my  taxes  {heavily  >).  and  obey  the 
taws.  Of  course,  I  complain,  and  t  shall  con- 
tinue to  do  so.  I  praise  many  things  here,  too. 

My  comments  about  Japanese  lite,  etc, 
are  known  as  "perspective  sketching. "  and 
it's  useful  to  set  things  in  proper  perspective 
in  order  to  understand  why  things  are  tike 
they  am.  We  must  not  hide  from  the  truth  t 
witi  continue  to  tell  the  truth  as  long  as  I  have 
the  strength  to  do  so. 

Cdr.  Radican  tells  us  about  the  various 
classes  ot  Japanese  licenses,  etc  but  we 
know  ail  of  that  already.  I  hope  Cdr.  Radtcan 
will  read  the  September  and  October  issues 
of  73  for  a  fuller  understanding. 

Those  ot  my  Japanese  friends  who  have 
read  my  columns  so  tar  have  congratulated 
me  on  "telling  the  lull  story, "  as  they  put  it. 
They  are  looking  forward  to  a  reciprocal 
agreement  with  the  US  as  much  as  I  am. 

I  enjoyed  reading  Cdr.  Radican's  tetter.  I 
just  wish  he  would  get  his  tacts  straight  and 
put  a  little  more  trust  in  me  Any  column  I 
submit  to  73  has  been  checked  and  doubfe- 
checked  carefully  before  submission.  Items 
relating  to  taw  were  confirmed  by  one  of  the 
12  Japanese  (English-speaking)  attorney  col- 


leagues in  my  office,  Artdttionalty,  these  col- 
umns have  been  read  by  a  Japanese  and  an 
American  ham  for  ''reaction"  before  submis- 
sion to  73.  /  feel  I  owe  that  much  to  the 
readers  ot  73  and  to  Mr.  Green,  t  am  not  in- 
fallible, of  course,  but  in  rereading  the  col- 
umns I  have  submitted  to  73  thus  far.  f  find 
no  errors.  The  columns  stand.  Cdr.  Radican 
has  struck  out. 

As  for  that  "unnameabfe"  magazine,  all  i 
can  say  is  that  my  mother  stopped  dishing 
up  pactum  when  I  was  one  year  old.  There- 
after, t  haven't  cared  much  tor  it 

I  am  sony  Cdr.  Radican  dtdnt  like  my  Aug- 
ust column  in  73L  (Surety  he  wont  cans  much 
for  my  September  and  October  columns 
either.)  Many  people  did  like  the  columns, 
however,  fudging  by  my  mail  so  far.  Even  my 
Japanese  m-laws  and  my  Japanese  nephew 
{a  budding  hami  enjoyed  the  columns.  Cdr 
Radican's  tetter  ts  the  only  negative  voice  I 
have  heard. 

t  hope  Cdr.  Radican  will  continue  reading 
73  even  though  he  doesn't  find  my  writing  to 
his  liking.  There  is  a  targe  selection  of  tine 
features  in  73  every  month,  end  I  think  he  will 
find  many  interesting  articles  among  them, 
perhaps  more  suited  to  his  taste— Roy  B 
Waite  W9PQN.  Tokyo,  Japan 


ELECTRONIC  LUNCH 


If  you  go  to  a  fas! -service  diner,  order  a 
radio  tor  lunch.  Short-order  cooks  call 
poached  eggs  on  toast  Adam  and  Eve  on  a 
Raft,  sometimes  served  with  red  lead 
(ketchup). 

A  radio  is  a  tuna-fish  sandwich  on  toast. 
Does  anyone  know  why? 

Carl  S.  Zelich  AA4MI 
Memtt  island  FL 


RELOCATED  BEACON 


Thank  you  for  publishing  the  information 
on  my  ten-meter  beacon  Unfortunately, 
due  to  the  lead  time  for  publication,  the  in- 
formation was  published  after  I  moved.  The 
KA1YBB  beacon  has  been  moved  lo  the 
Rochester  NY  area  In  western  New  York.  It 
is  about  tO  miles  south  ot  the  city  at  43*  02' 
N,  77°  41'  w.  In  grid  square  FN  13  ot  the 
Maidenhead  grid  locator  system.  The 
power  Is  still  4  Watts,  and  the  antenna  is  a 
dipole.  The  beacon  is  on  24  hours  a  day  on 
28286  MHz  CW 

W.  Keith  Hibtoert  KA1YE 

527  Rush-Scottsvilte  Rd 

Rush  NY  14543 

{716^533-1369 


DR.  DIGITAL 


Robert  Swirsky  AF2M 
412  Arbuckfe  Avenue 
Cedarhurst  NY  T7576 

R.  I.  P.T  OSBORNE  1 

I  can  still  remember  a  QSO  I  had  in  April 
of  1981.  There  used  to  be  a  group  of  local 
hams  that  chewed  the  rag  on  15  meters  all 
night  long.  As  usual,  we  were  talking 
about  computers. 

The  I  ales!  issue  of  Byre  had  just  come 
out  which,  second  only  to  receiving  one's 


issue  of  Kilobaud  {now  Microcomputing), 
was  me  most  Interesting  event  In  a  com- 
puter hacker's  life.  (Hackers  tend  to  lead 
dull  lives,)  in  the  editorial  section,  there 
was  mention  ot  a  new  computer  the  Os- 
borne  1.  I  commented  to  the  guys  in  the 
net:  "Did  you  see  the  new  computer  from 
Osborne?  It  certainly  is  an  Interesting 
ideal" 

"Bob,  I  can't  believe  you  fell  for  that/' 
commented  Marc  WB2JUR  "That  thing  is 
not  rung  more  than  an  April  Fool's  joke!" 
Everyone  on  frequency  had  a  good  lau{ 


and  1  conceded  to  Marc  that  I  had  been 
taken.  After  taking  a  close  look  at  the  pic- 
ture of  the  Osborne  hit  looked  as  if  it  were 
a  paste-up.  And  the  silly  things  Byte  said 
about  it!  Who  in  their  right  mind  would 
want  lo  put  a  computer  under  an  airline 
seat? 

After  a  few  days  passed  and  tne  Wall 
Street  Journal  earned  a  story  on  the  unit, 
it  became  apparent  that  it  was  Marc,  not 
me,  who  had  been  fooled.  By  now  every- 
one knows  the  Osborne  story.  For  a  while 
they  were  extremely  successful,  The 
design  which  could  have  been  taken  for 
an  April  Foot's  |oke  became  a  popular 
style  of  computer:  the  'transportable 
computer." 

Unfortunately.  Osborne  didn'1  last. 
They  announced  their  bankruptcy  m  late 
1963.  Competition  became  fierce,  and 
mistakes  were  made  and  not  corrected 


until  it  was  too  late  The  death  of  Osborne 
also  marked  the  end  of  another  phe- 
nomenon: the  "garage"  computer.  Now, 
with  the  big  guns  making  personal  com- 
puters, mijItimillionHdollar  ad  campaigns, 
and  consumers  looking  lor  brand  names 
when  they  go  computer  shopping.  H  will 
be  next  to  impossible  for  an  individual  to 
slart  his  or  her  own  computer  business. 
The  shake-out  has  begun. 


WAKE  UP,  ITS  1984 

We  finally  made  it  to  Orwell's  infamous 
year.  Win  technology  help  us  or  ruin  us?  As 
computer  hobbyists,  we  all  have  encoun- 
tered ant  I -computer  remarks  and  no  doubt 
have  been  offended  by  I  hem.  How  many 
times  have  you  been  told  by  a  shop  clerk  that 
the  computer  "wont  let"  her  do  something, 
Or  perhaps  you  experienced  a  delay  at  the 


73  Magazine  *  January,  1984     99 


1  SOUND 

2  SOUND 

3  SOUND 
1  SOUND 
10  READ 

IF  A 
HT  = 
HT  - 
HT  - 
LT  = 
LT  = 
LT  = 
HTH 


11 
20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

70 

100 

110 

120 

130 

200 

210 

7 7. 0 

230 

240 

250 

260 

27  0 

290 

300 

400 


1,0,0,0 
0,0,0,0 
2,0,0,0 
3,0,0,0 
A  ,B 

0  THEN  400 
894895  -  A  x  7 
HT  /  A 

INT  (HT  +  0*5) 
894895  -  &    *  7 
LT  /  B 
INT  (LT  +  0.5) 


697  770  852  941  1209  1336  1477  1633 


HTL 

LTH 

LTL 

POKE 

POKE 

POKE 

POKE 

POKE 

POKE 

POKE 

FOR 


*  INT 

#  INT 
=  LT  - 

53768 
53762 

53760. 
53766, LTH 
53764, LTL 
53763,230 
53767,230 
==  1  TO 


(HT  / 
(HTH 
(LT  / 
(LTH 
,12  0 
,HTH 
,HTL 


256) 
*  256) 


256) 
X  2 


6) 


"I 


4  *7CT  * 

,L  i.  vJ  * 


NEXT  T 


POKE 
GOTO 
END 
1000  REH 
1010  REM 
9999  DATA 


53763,224tP0KE 
10 


53767,224 


DATA  STATEMENTS  HERE 
LOW  TUNE,  HIGH  TONE 
-1,-1 

Program  listing  t.  Atari  DTMF. 


bank  because  "the  computer  was  down,"  rt's 
no  wonder  lhat  gome  people  seem  to  be 
against  new  technology.  Amateur  radio 
seems  to-be  no  different  I  have  received  all 
sorts  of  strange  comments  from  hams  who 
object  to  the  "strange  noises"  they  hear 
coming  from  my  station  over  two  meters. 
Usually  the  objection  Is  that  the  simplex  fre- 
quency I  am  on  (144.44)  is  for  voice  communi- 
cations only,  established  by  a  gentlemen's 
agreement.  To  their  comments.  I  can  only  re- 
spond that  I  am  not  a  gentleman' 


Bui  by  and  large,  hams  are  realizing  mat, 
in  order  to  keep  up  with  the  world,  a  knowl- 
edge of  computers  la  essential.  In  fact,  com- 
puters are  discussed  over  ham  radio  almost 
as  much  as  the  weather.  I  hope  this  trend 
continues. 

One  of  the  new  things  that  computers 
have  allowed  is  packet  repeaters.  Interest  in 
this  mode  is  gaining  it  is  nice  to  be  able  to 
use  our  spectrum  more  efficiently.  Combined 
with  mailbox  facilities,  a  packet  repeater  Is 
an  excellent  mode  o*  communlcatiori  In  the 


HAM  HELP 


1  am  converting  a  Teaberry  Ranger  T 
model  4012  CB  rig  for  use  on  10  meters. 
Can  anyone  supply  a  schematic  or  service 
manual? 

T.  Sherwood  WBSOGB 

P5C  Box  4852 

5MFB  NC  27531 


I  need  manuals  and  schematics  for  the 
Yaesu  YO-301  monitor  scope  and  the  Fire 
Bird  F-200-M  linear  amplifier. 

Mario  BLadoeg 

PO  Box  S60343 

Suralco  Depl.  53 

Miami  FL  33156 


I  need  the  manual  {or  a  copy  of  it}  for  the 
Haliicrafters  SR^SOO. 

Doug  Fonrilfe 

3805  33rd  Street 
Lubbock  TX  79410 


Wanted:    Two    YDB44-A    desk    micro- 
phones for  Yaesu  radios, 

John  R.  Bell  KA9JYZ 

350012th  St. 

East  Molina- IL  81244 


I  need  the  following  coils  for  a  National 
SW3  receiver:  31 A  {2Q  meters);  33 A  (40 
meters);  and  coll  32.  I  also  need  National 
XR6  coil  forms  and  winding  information. 

Watt  Hill  NM6L 

ftl  2,  Bom.  323  AM  so  Circle 

Bishop  CA  93514 

Wanled:  schematic  and  manual  for  the 
Motorola  model  L43GGB-11  »OA.  I  would 
also  like  to  hear  from  anyone  who  has 
converted  this  set  lo  two  meters. 

Ben  Irvine  N3CNH 

Box  653  Blue  Church  Rd, 

Cooper sburg  PA  18036 


1 

X 

2 

X 

3 

X 

A 

X 

4 

X 

5 

X 

6 

X 

B 

X 

7 

X 

8 

X 

9 

X 

C 

X 

X 

X 

0 

X 

# 

X 

D 

X 

Fig  t  DTMF  frequencies  in  Hz.  Xs  tndic&te  tones  tor  the  digits  and  characters  on  the  left. 


St  Louis  area,  packet  radio  is  thriving.  Pete 
Eaton  W9&FLW.  president  of  St  Louis  Area 
Packet  Radio,  reports  lhat  'packet  radio  is 
growing  rapidly. .  .in  the  Midwest,  as  well  as 
the  rest  of  the  country."  His  dub  publishes 
an  informative  newsletter,  SLAPR  Protocol, 
For  more  information  about  the  club  and 
me  newsletter,  write  trx  SLAPft  Protocol. 
SL  Louis  Area  Packet  Radio  Club,  1309 
Gloucester  Dr..  Edwardsville  IL  62025. 

ATARI  DTMF 

Atari  home  computers  incorporate  a  built- 
in  sound  synthesizer  With  commands  from 
Basic,  it  is  possible  to  make  a  wide  range  of 
musical  notes  and  weird  noises.  As  the  tones 
are  specified  with  an  &oit  (Q-2S5)  quantity, 
resolution  is  limited.  For  applications  which 
require  an  accurate  tone,  a  higher  resolution 
is  required  Atari  realized  that  there  might  be 
a  need  for  accurate  tones  and  provided  a  way 
o*  creating  them. 

Atari  sound  is  generated  wiih  a  custom 
chip  known  as  POKEY.  Normally,  one  corv 
irols  sound  production  from  Basic  using 
SOUND  commands  of  the  form  SOUND 
ajj.cd  where  a  is  the  voice  (1-4)l  b  ts  the 
pitch  (0-2561.  c  is  the  distortion  parameter 
and  d  is  the  amplitude  (O-lSi  The  POKEY 
chip,  however,  serves  other  functions  and 
has  other  capabilities  which  are  not  dire- 
accessible  with  Basic  statements.  These 
functions  can  be  used  from  Basic  with  |he 
help  ot  some  POKE  commands 

The  program  in  listing  1  will  generate  the 
tones  for  DTMF  signaling:  Program  logic  is 
as  follows  lines  1-4  serve  to  initialize  the 
POKEY  chip.  All  sound  generation  in  the  pro- 
gram is  done  with  POKE  statements,  not 
SOUND  statements.  Unes  10  through  130 
read  in  a  pair  of  lone  frequencies,  From  these 
numbers,  a  value  is  calculated  wftcft  corre- 
sponds to  a  16-bil  integer.  These  numbers 
are  split  mio  two  segments;  since  a  byte  can 
only  hold  B  bits,  2  bytes  are  needed  to  hold 
the  16-bil  number  The  stateroom  in  line  200 
tells  the  POKEY  chip  to  link  the  sound  gener- 
ators in  pairs:  Oil  and  2/3,  Each  pair  becomes 
1  voice  that  Is  controlled  oy  a  16-bit  (D-6563S) 
number  instead  of  an  B-bit  10-256}  number  In 
addition,  this  POKE  also  makes  the  POKEY 
switch  to  a  higher  clock  frequency,  thus  pro- 
viding even  more  accuracy.  The  tones  are  ac- 
tual (y  switched  on  by  lines  250  and  260.  After 
a  short  delay  provioed  by  the  FQWNEXT  in 
line  270,  the  tones  are  switched  off  ai  line 
290  Line  300  starts  the  process  all  over 
again. 

To  enter  the  tone  data,  the  frequencies 
must  be  placed  on  data  statement.  For  ex- 
ample, if  you  wanted  to  have  the  computer 


"dial"  the  code  '911.  add  me  following  data 
statements: 
1500  DATA  941 ,1209 
1510  DATA  770,1477 
1520  DATA  QS7.1 209 
1530  DATA  667,1209 

Those  numbers  are,  of  course,  the  tone  fre- 
quencies used  In  ihe  DTMF  code  (see  Fig  1 
for  the  complete  codet 

This  program  can  be  used  to  create  any 
tone  that  you  may  need.  Accuracy  Is  certain- 
ly good  enough  for  any  amateur-radio  pur- 
pose. Simply  put  the  lone  frequencies  you 
want  generated  on  data  statements.  To  gen- 
erate single  tones,  eliminate  the  following 
tines:  50,  €0,  70,  120.  130.  230,  240,  and  2®, 
Change  line  10  to  "HEAD  A"  and  line  290  to 
"POKE  53763,224"  And,  of  course,  create 
your  data  statements  accordingly.  It  should 
be  possible  to  generate  accurate  RTTY  and 
SSTV  tones  with  the  Atari— perhaps  even  to 
take  a  graphics  screen  and  convert  it  into  the 
proper  SSTV  tones.  (Basic  would  be  too 
slow  for  this;  assembly  language  would  be 
needed.) 

For  those  of  you  who  want  to  experiment 
with  Atari  sound,  memory  local  Ions  53761, 
53763s  53*65,  and  53767  will  be  o*  interest  to 
wjy;  ihay  are  the  auo^ochaoneJ  control 
registers-  The  mosl-significani  three  bits 
determine  the  distortion  parameter,  the  next 
oil  is  the  "fracfld-outpur  bit.  and  the  least 
significant  three  bits  are  the  volume-level 
oils  When  the  forcedoutput  bit  is  set  to  a 
one,  the  output  is  controlled  direct  ty  with  the 
volume  hit;  the  speaker  can  be  set  to  any  one 
oJ  16  positions.  Using  |h«s  bit.  cuslom  wave- 
forms can  be  created. 

Frequency  Is  determined  with  ideations 
53760,  53762,  53764,  and  53766.  The  value  in 
these  registers  controls  the  frequency  of  the 
corresponding  audio  generator.  When  two 
races  are  linked  together,  the  locations  are 
taken  In  pairs  wtth  the  higher  address  taking 
the  most -significant  portion  of  Ihe  16-bit 
number. 

The  way  to  coordinate  tone  generation  Is 
with  location  53768.  For  our  purposes,  we 
would  be  concerned  with  bits  6,  5,  4,  and  3 
When  bit  6  is  set  to  Tr  channel  1  is  docked 
with  a  17944Hz  frequency;  bit  5  does  the 
same  (or  channel  3,  Setting  bit  4  high  will  join 
channels  2  and  v,  bi 1 3  Joins  channels  4  and  3. 
These  addresses  were  used  to  produce  the 
tones  for  the  DTMF  routine.  As  you  see.  the 
Alan  wilt  allow  for  some  elaborate  tone 
generation. 

I  certainly  appreciate  all  the  mail  I  have 
been  receiving.  So  far,  I  have  received  a  few 
interesting  proposals  for  an  amateur-radio 
graphics  standard—  I  would  like  to  hear  from 
some  more  of  you  on  this  matter  f 


100     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


MM  HELP 


Geloso  (Italy)  genera  I  coverage  (.5-30 
MHz}  receiver,  model  no.  G  4/2 18  using  9 
tubes — would  anyone  out  there  have  a 
schematic? 

Maverick  6m  hlter,  5-section  adjust 
able,  by  Gavin  Instruments.  Somerville 
NJ— I  need  adjustment  in  formation  on 
this  TVl  fiiter- 

I  wilt  gladly  pay  postage  and  copying 

C03IB. 

John  Sehnng  WB2EQG 

PO  Box  235 

Oakland  NJ  07436 

I  would  like  to  correspond  with  anyone 
who  has  converted  a  Bunker-ftamo  Tele- 
quote  MDS-7  or  2210  series  computer  MO 
station  lo  some  practical  use,  e.g.,  oscillo- 


scope, mi  iV  monitor,  etc.  I  also  need 
schematics  tor  the  Hewlett-Packard  400 A 
ac  VTVM,  and  Hal  Communications  2550 
keyer .  I  was  also  totd  that  the  circuit  board 
has  provisions  for  adding  a  memory  func- 
tion and  would  like  information  on  I  his, 
I!  so. 

Barry  Fuerst 

21  e  Floumoy  St. 

Oafc  Park  1L  60304 

I  am  looking  for  a  manual  for  (he  OR 
Astro- 200  and  a  parts  list  for  the  Edoecom 
System  3000A, 

Jim  Fylas  WBtCZl 
620  El  Paso  Blvd. 
Denver  CO  80221 


I  would  like  to  contact  someone  who 
knows  how  to  convert  the  computer  pro- 
grams for  the  TBS-80  which  have  ap- 
peared in  73  Into  programs  for  the  Com- 
modore 64. 1  also  need  schematics  for  an 
Ampex  stero  amp;  ASR  100,  catalog 
0772-005601.  sta  #5200445. 

AJI  copying  and  postage  will  be  paid, 
but  please  notify  me  of  costs  in  advance. 

DuWain  Brundage 
2316B  Little  Valley  Ct 
Birmingham  AL  35216 

I  need  manuals  and  schematics  for  ihe 
Hammarlund  SP  #600,  the  National  NC 
#400,  and  the  Collins  R  390 'URR 
(TM-0J967-Q63-2OV0L  I  will  pay  for  copying 
and  postage. 

Raul  L  Marline*  KA4UAT 
PO  Boc  44-1707 
Miami  FL  33144 


I  am  looking  for  a  service  manual  for  the 
Panalyzer  S83  model  T-200  panoramic 
adapter. 

Keats  A.  Putlen  W3G0M 

2607  Jerusalem  Road 

Kingsville  MD  21087 

t  would  like  to  hear  from  anyone  who 
can  help  me  Interface  my  VIG-2Q  to  the 
Icom  720  transceiver.  I  would  like  to  use 
the  VlC-20  as  a  frequency  coni roller  and 
scanner- 
Robert  F.  Cann  W4G8B 
1606  Loch  wood  Df. 
Richmond  VA  23233 

I  am  looking  for  information  on  how  to 
install  disco  lighting  in  stereo  speakers, 

Francis  Turcot!* 

601  N.  Tibb* 

Indianapolis  IN  46222 


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73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     101 


1  B7.&Q7     VEC  Qunlincaiion* 
t  97-SO0    Conflict*  of  interest 


Reprinted  from  the  Federal  Register 


Amendment  of  the  Commission's 
Rules  To  Allow  the  Use  of  Volunteers 
To  Prepare  and  Administer  Operator 
E xamJnattona  In  trw  Amateur  Radio 
Service 

AQENcy:  Federal  Communications 
Commission 

action:  Finn  I  rule. 

Summary:  This  document  amends  FCC 
Rules  to  permit  the  use  of  Volunteer*  to 
prepare  and  administer  amateur  radio 
operator  examinations  These 
amendments  are  necessary  in  order  to 
maintain  a  viable  examination  program 
for  amateur  radio  operators  in  light  of 
FCC  budgetary  constraints,  With  a 
volunteer  examination  program, 
applicants  will  have  more  opportunities 
available  to  them  to  obtain  amateur 
radio  operator  licenses. 

UHC  i  ive  date;  December  1. 1963. 


PART 0—[  AMENDED J 

1.  The  Table  of  Contents  for  Part  0  La 
amended  as  follows: 

(a)  A  new  |  0,4*4  entitled  "Amateur 
radio  operator  examinations,"  Is  added. 

fb)  The  Heading  of  |  0,485  ii  revised 

to  read  "Commercial  radio  operator 

examinations" 

•         •        •        •        * 

2.  A  new  §  0.484  is  added  to  read: 
|  0.484    Amateur  mow  operator 


Generally,  examinations  for  amateur 
radio  operator  licenses  shall  be 
administered  at  locations  end  times 
specified  by  volunteer  examiners,  (See 
1  97.26(a)).  When  the  FCC  conducts 
examinations  for  amateur  radio  operator 
licenses,  they  shall  take  place  at 
locations  and  times  designated  by  the 
FCC. 

3.  Section  0.445  is  revised  to  read: 

§  Q.4&5    GonwrwcHB  radio  ooaf  alor 
examination*. 

Written  examinations  and 
International  Morte  cade  telegraphy 
examinations  for  commercial  radio 
operator  Licenses  are  conducted  at 
prescribed  Intervals  or  by  appointment 
at  locations  specified  in  the 
Commission's  current  examination 
schedule,  copies  of  which  are  available 
bom  any  Commission  field  office  or 
from  the  FCC,  Public  Service  Division, 
Field  Operations  Bureau,  FCC, 
Washington.  DC,  20554, 

PART  1— (AIIEKDEDJ 

4.  The  Tabic  of  Contents  for  Part  1  is 
amended  as  follows-  the  heading  of 

|  1,925  is  revised  to  read  "Application 
for  special  temporary  authorization, 
temporary  permit  or  temporary 
operating  authority," 

5.  Paragraph  (a)  of  I IMZ  is  revised  to 
read: 


Gettysburg.  Pennsylvania  17325.  Only 
one  copy  of  the  application  is  required, 
•        *        »        ■         * 

&  The  beading  and  paragraph  f  e)  of 
1 1.925  are  revised  to  read: 

f  1.925    AppOcaUon  for  special  temporary 
authorisation,  temporary  permit  or 
operating  authority . 


fi  i.i  12    Where  spptcaoon*  are  to  be  fled, 

(a)  Applications  for  any  class  of  new 
or  upgraded  amateur  operator  License 
shall  be  submitted  to  the  examiners 
prior  to  the  examination.  (See  |  07-26.) 
The  examiners  are  required  to  submit 
the  applications  of  persons  passing  their 
respective  examinations  to  the 
Commission  (for  Novice  Class  operator 
licenses)  or  to  the  Volunteer-Examiner 
Coordinator  (for  all  other  amateur 
operator  licenses),  AH  other  applications 
for  amateur  radio  Licenses  shall  be 
submitted  to  the  Federal 
Communications  Commission. 

102     73  Magazine  •  January,  1904 


(e)  Upon  successful  completion  of  an 
Amateur  Radio  Service  operator 
examination,  an  applicant  already 
licensed  In  the  Amateur  Radio  Service 
may  operate  his/her  amateur  radio 
station  pending  issuance  of  his/her 
permanent  amateur  station  and  operator 
licenses  by  the  Commission  for  a  period 
of  90  days  or  until  issuance  of  the 
permanent  operator  and  station 
licenses,  whichever  cornea  first, 
consistent  with  the  rights  and  privileges 
of  the  higher  operating  class  for  which 
the  applicant  has  passed  the  appropriate 
examination  elemem(s),  provided  that 
the  applicant  retains  the  certifies  tela) 
issued  by  the  examiners  for  successful 
completion  of  the  examination 
eiement(s)  at  the  station  location,  and 
provided  that  the  applicant  uses  an 
identifier  code  provided  by  a  VEC  aa  a 

suffix  to  his/her  present  call  sign- 

*        «        ■        *        • 

7.  Section  1.034  is  revised  to  read: 

f  1.144    Procedure  wrth  ruapect  to  amateur 
radio  oparator  sceose. 

Each  candidate  for  an  amateur  radio 
license  which  requires  the  applicant  to 
pass  one  or  more  examination  elements 
must  present  the  examinees]  with  a 
properly  completed  FCC  Form  GIG  prior 
to  the  examination.  Upon  completion  of 
the  examination,  the  examinerfs)  will 
immediately  grade  the  test  papers*  If  the 
applicant  is  successful,  the  examinees] 
will  forward  the  candidate's  application 
to:  (s)  the  Commission's  Gettysburg. 
Pennsylvania  facility  for  an  application 
for  a  Novice  Class  operator  license,  or 
(b)  a  Volunteer-Examiner  Coordinator 
[VEC]  For  all  other  classes  of  operator 
licenses,  The  examiners  will  then  issue 
a  certificate  for  successful  completion  of 
an  amateur  radio  operator  examination, 
A  VEC  will  forward  the  application  to 
the  Commission's  Gettysburg, 
Pennsylvania  facility, 

PART  97-1  AMENDED] 

&  The  Table  of  Contents  for  Part  07  is 
amended  as  follows' 

(a)  A  new  |  97,26  entitled 
"Examination  procedure/'  is  added. 

(bl  The  heading  of  I  B7.Z7  is  revised  to 
read  "Examination  preparation/* 

(c]  The  heading  of  I  97.28  is  revised  to 
read  ''Examination  administration," 

{d|  A  new  |  97.28  entitled 
"Examination  grading."  is  added 

(e)  The  heading  of  i  67.31  is  revised  to 
read  'Volunteer  examiner 
requirements." 

(f)  Section  97  32  and  its  heading  are 
removed. 

(g)  The  heading  of  I  ©7,33  is  revised  to 
read  "Volunteer  examiner  conduct/4 

(hf  A  new  |  97,35  entitled  'Temporary 
operating  authority/'  is  added. 

[i  J  A  new  Subpart  I  is  added,  as 
follows: 

Subpart  1 — Volunteer- Examiner 
Coordinators 


Voiimtaer-  EUambw 

|  97.SH  Agreement  required 

|  97.51 3  Scheduling  of  «xa mtna lions. 

|  97-51$  Coord  tru»  tins  volunteer  guiminara. 

|  A7.517  Written  sxaaunatioiUL 

I  97.519  Examination  procedures, 

|  97.521  Evaluation  of  questions 

|  9742a  Identifies  ti on  of  s  p  pi  Scant*  pasu  rig 
exammsUDiii 

Authority:  Sees  4(i}  and  303  of  the 
Communications  Act  of  1934.  «■  amended,  47 
USC  I54{i]  and  303, 

9.  Section  97,11  is  revised  to  read: 


|«T,11  .Application  for  operator  St 

(a)  An  application  [FCC  Form  BIO)  for 
a  new  operator  License,  Including  an 
application  Tor  change  in  operating 
privileges,  which  wilt  require  an 
examination  shall  be  submitted  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of 

(b)  An  application  (FCC  Form  G10)  for 
renewal  and/ or  modification  of  license 
when  no  change  in  operating  privileges 
Is  involved  shall  be  submitted  to  the 
Commission's  office  at  Gettysburg, 
Pennsylvania  17325. 

10.  Paragraph  (b]  of  I  97.25  Is  revised 
to  read  as  follows: 

I  87.3S    Exafiunauoci  crvdfL 

fb]  A  certificate  of  successful 
completion  of  an  examination  will  be 
Issued  to  applicants  who  successfully 
complete  an  examination  element.  Upon 
presentation  of  this  certificate  for 
telegraphy  examination  elements  1(A)* 
1(B]  or  1(C),  examiners  shall  give  the 
applicant  for  an  amateur  radio  operator 
license  examination  credit  for  the  code 
speed  associated  with  the  previously 
completed  element.  For  purposes  of 
examination  credit  this  certificate  is 
valid  for  a  period  of  one  year  from  the 
date  of  its  issuance, 


I  97.501     Purpose. 

I  97409    Deration*. 

1 97 J05    Appbcebiljty  of  ruiea. 


11,  A  new  f  97.26  ts  added  bo  read; 

t  17,3*    Examination  procedure. 

(a I  Each  examination  for  an  amateur 
radio  operator  license  snail  be 
admitusterud  al  a  location  and  a  tune 
specified  by  the  examinerfs).  Public 
announcement  before  examinations 
shall  be  made  for  elements  1(B),  1(CJ,  X 
4(A)  and  4(B). 

(b)  The  Examinerfs)  must  be  present 
and  observing  the  candidate  througboal 
the  entire  examination. 

|cj  The  exuminer(s)  will  be 
responsible  for  the  proper  conduct  and 
necessary  supervision  during  each 
e  nami  nation. 

Id)  Each  candidate  for  an  amateur 
radio  license,  which  requires  the 
applicant  to  pass  one  or  more 
examination  elements k  must  present  the 
examtner(&)  with  a  properly  completed 
FCC  Form  B10  on  or  before  the 
regislriition  deadline  dale  for  those 
examination  sessions  for  which 
registration  is  required;  otherwise, 
applicants  shall  submit  FCC  Form  610  at 
the  examination  session  before  the  start 
of  the  examination(s).  In  cases  where  a 
registration  deadline  is  required,  ti  ahaJJ 
be  specified  by  the  VEC  thai  issues  the 
examination  papers  to  the  examiner. 

fe)  The  candidate  shall  comply  with 
the  instructions  given  hy  the 
examinerCsl.  The  examuierisl  must 
immediately  terminate  the  examination 
upon  failure  of  the  Candida  ta  to  comply 
with  the  ejuminerlsr  tnatructiona. 

(f)  At  the  completion  of  the 
examination,  the  candidate  shall  return 
all  test  papers  to  the  examinerfs), 

(g)  A  candidate  whoee  plryaical 

d  1  &a  hull  tie*  require  special  procedure*  to 
allow  participation  in  examination 
seasiuoa  shall  albica  «  statement  to  bis/ 
her  application.  For  examinations  other 
than  Novice  Class  the  statement  ssseH  be 
retained  in  the  files  of  the  VEC  thai 
issues  the  test  papers.  The  statement  for 
Novice  Class  ■*■"»««>*»*«  snail  be 
retained  by  the  examiner  for 


The  statement  shall  include: 

(1)  A  physician's  certifies  boo 
indicating  the  nature  of  the  cusfltiiury: 
and 

(2)  the  name[r)  of  the  person(a)  taking 
and  transcribing  the  applicant's 
dictation  of  lest  questions  and  answers, 
if  such  a  procedure  ia  necessary. 

fh)  An  applicant  who  faila  an 
examination  element  required  far  ass 
amateur  radio  operator  license  shall  not 
apply  to  be  examined  for  the  same  or 
higher  examination  element  within 
thirty  days  of  the  date  the  examination 
element  was  leiied. 

12,  Section  07-27  la  reraised  to  read; 


5  97.27 

(a)  Element  1(A)  shall  be  prepared  by 
the  examineT.The  preparer  must  hold  an 
Amateur  Extra.  Advanced,  or  General 
Class  operator  license.  The  lest  shall  be 
such  as  to  prove  the  applicant's  ability 
to  transmit  correctly  try  hand  key  and  to 
receive  correctly  by  ear  texts  in  the 
international  Morse  code  at  a  rate  of  not 
less  than  five  (&]  words  per  minute 
(Special  procedures  may  be  employed  in 
cases  of  physical  disability.  See 

I  9?,2B{gj.)  The  applicant  is  responsible 
for  knowing,  and  may  be  tested  on,  the 
twenty-six  letters  of  the  alphabet  lite 
numerals  B-9.  the  period,  the  comma,  the 
question  mark,  AR,  SIC  BT  and  DN,  [See 
I  97.29(c).) 

(b)  Elements  1(B1  and  1(C)  shall  be 
prepared  by  the  examiners  or  be 
obtained  by  the  examiners  from  the 
VEC  The  preparer  must  hold  an 
Amateur  Extra  Class  license  The  leal 
shall  be  such  as  to  prove  the  applicant's 
ability  to  transmit  correctly  by  hand  key 
and  to  receive  correctly  by  ear  texts  In 
the  international  Morse  code  at  not  leas 
than  the  prescribed  speed  {Special 
procedures  may  be  employed  in  cases  of 
physical  disability,  See  1  97.26jg),)  Tins 
applicant  is  responsible  for  knowing, 
and  may  be  tested  on,  the  twenty-six 
letters  of  the  alphabet  the  numerals  0-9, 
the  period,  the  comma,  the  question 
rmirk,  AA.  SIC  BT  and  ON,  (See 

1 97^c].J 

(c)  ELeanent  2  shall  be  designed  by  the 
examiner  from  PR  Bulletin  1U35A  (Luteal 
date  of  issue),  entitled  Questions  far  the 
Element  2  Amateur  Radio  Operator 
License  Examination. 

[d j  Elements  X  4(A)  and  4(B)  wtU  be 
designed  by  the  FC£L  The  FCC  will 
select  question*  for  each  teat  from  the 
appropriate  hat  of  questions  approved 
by  the  Commits  log  (either  PR  Bulletin 
103S  aCorD.  Latest  date  of  issuel-  The 
FCC  will  provide  each  VEC  with 
examinatimi  rUrums  The  VEC  ia 
required  to  hoid  current  examination 
designs  in  confidence. 


(e)  PK  Bulletin*  1Q3S  A.  BL  and  C 
D  will  be  composed  of  questions 
originated  by  the  FCC  and  questions 
submitted  by  amaieur  radio  operators  In 
ajxiordunce  urtfh  the  usalrnciions  ba  (nc 
Bulletin,  Amateur  radio  operator* 
betiding  Amateur  Extra  Ciaas  Licenses 
may  submit  questions  for  any  written 
examination  elesnent-  Amateur  radio 
operators  holtsne.  Advanced  Qaaa 
licenses  may  only  submit  questions  for 
Element  2  and  3*  Amaieur  radio 
operators  holding  General  Class  or 
Technician  Class  Licenses  may  only 
submit  questions  for  Element  Z. 

13.  Section  97.28  is  revised  to  read: 


(a)  Unless  otherwise  prescribed  by  the 
Commission*  each  examination  for  an 
amateur  radio  operator  license  (except 
the  Novice  Class  operator  h  cense}  shall 
be  a  dm  mistered  by  three  accredited 
volunteer  examiners.  The  examiners 
must  huld  Amateur  Extra  Class  operator 
licenses,  unless:  (1)  They  are 
administering  telegraphy  element  1JAJ, 
in  which  case  they  may  hold  Amateur 
Extra  Class,  advanced  Class  or  General 
Class  radio  operator  Licenses,  or  (2)  they 
are  admimstermg  written  examination 
elements  Z  or  3.  in  which  case  they  may 


hold  Amateur  Extra  Class  or  Advanced 
Class  radio  operator  licenses. 

f  b)  Unless  otherwise  prescribed  by  the 
Commission,  each  examination  for  the 
Novice  Class  operator  lkeci&a  shall  be 
administered  by  one  volunteer 
examiner.  The  examiner  doe*  not  have 
to  be  accredited-  The  volunteer 
examiner  must  hold  a  current  General 
Advanced  or  Amateur  Extra  Oast 
operator  hennae  Lamed  by  the 
Commissi  oft. 

(e)  Upon  completion  of  an 
pyjmTnjtii-m  element,  the  cxajuioeris) 
shall  immediately  grade  lb*  teal  papaa* 

(d)  WW  the  candidal*  does  not 
score  a  f"1"'"^  gradejui  an  *«^"'^**^** 
element  the  exaioiaerfs)  akaii  ao  taJonn 
the  candidate  by  providing  the 
percentage  of  question*  answered 
correctly,  and  by  returning  the 
application  (fee  i  97 JM)  to  the 
candmatt  Far  eumuubau  otfaer  than 
Notice  Class  examinations,  the  test 
papers,  including  umw  sheets,  shall 
be  returned  to  the  VBC  that  lamed  tfaem. 
For  Scrjce  Claea  exMiin*tk*ML.  the  teal 
papers,  eachariing  aarwer 
be  retained  as  pari  of  the 
examiner's  station  records  far  oat 
from  the  date  the  exaeimarinn  is 
administered. 

I  e )  When  tee  candidate  scores  a 
passing  gratis  on  an  rxansinatjon 
element,  the  exaamer*  (except  fur 
wMiiMtw  §ar  tee  Novke  Class 
operator  boons*  |  anat  issue  a 
Of  BUCCeeeful  comp4rt]cm  of  (he 
examination  This  certificate  must 


the  VEDipsaed  examination  Identifier 
cone  (see  f  97323).  This  certificate  is 
required  for  aLread?-bcenacd  eopUcaets 
opera  ting  with  prrvllef  as  of  an  amatenr 
operator  class  higher  than  that  of  their 
permanent  amateur  operator  license 
[See  9  f  1  -925(e)  and  ff7<B*J.  Within  one 
year  (his  eertrficafe  may  also  be  used  Tor 
examination  <redHl  for  element!  1(AJ< 
1[BJ  or  l(q  (Bee  |  37.25), 

(f)  When  the  candidate  scores  a 
passing  grade  on  all  examination 
elements  required  for  the  operator 
license  dees  sought  [see  I  97.23).  the 
examiners  shall  certify  to  the  Following 
Information  on  the  candidate's 
application  form  (see  (  97+26]; 

(1)  Examiners'  names,  addresses  and 
amateur  radio  station  call  signs; 

(2)  Examiners'  qualifications  to 
administer  the  examination  (see 
t  97.31);  and 

(3)  Examiners'  signed  statements  that 
the  applicant  has  passed  the  required 
examination  elements. 

(g)  Within  ten  days  of  the 
administration  of  a  successful 
examination  for  the  Novice  Class 
operator  license,  the  examiner  shall 
submit  the  candidate's  application  to; 
Federal  Communications  Commission. 
Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania  1732S. 

(hi  Within  ten  days  of  the 
administration  of  a  successful 
examination  for  the  Technician* 
General.  Advanced  or  Amateur  Extra 
Class  operator  license,  the  examiners 
shall  submit  the  successful  candidates' 
applications  end  all  teal  papers  to  the 
VEC  that  originally  Issued  that  test 

(i)  The  FCC  reserves  the  right  without 
qualification,  to: 

[l]  administer  examinations  itself;  or 

(2]  re  administer  examinations  itself  or 
under  the  supervision  of  an  examiner 
designated  by  the  FCC  to  any  person 
who  obtained  an  operator  license 
through  the  volunteer  examination 
process. 

14.  A  new  |  97,29  ia  added  to  read: 

§  17  Je    Examination  grsrtflno. 

(a)  Each  examination  element  shall  be 
graded  separately  by  the  examiners 

(bj  An  applicant  passes  a  written 
examination  if  he  /aha  answers  al  least 
74  percent  of  the  questions  correctly. 

[c]  An  applicant  passes  a  code 
element  examination  if  he/she  proves 
his/her  ability  to  transmit  correctly  by 
hand  Itey  (straight  key.  or,  if  supplied  by 
the  applicant,  any  other  type  of  hand 
operated  key  such  as  a  semi-automatic 
or  electronic  key.  but  not  a  keyboard 


keyer]  and  to  receive  correctly  by  ear 
texts  in  the  international  Morse  code  at 
not  less  than  the  prescribed  speed  for 
one  continuous  minute  during  a  five* 
minute  test  period.  Each  five  characters 
shall  be  counted  bb  one  word.  Each 
punctuation  mark  and  numeral  shall  be 
counted  as  two  characters. 

15.  Section  97.31  is  revised  to  read: 

|  97.3 1    Volunteer  examiner  requirements* 

(a)  Each  volunteer  examiner 
administering  an  examination  for  an 
amateur  radio  operator  license  must: 

(1)  Beat  least  18  years  of  age;  and 

(2)  Not  be  related  to  the  candidate, 

(b)  Any  person  who  owns  a 
significant  interest  in.  or  ia  an  employee 
of.  any  company  or  other  entity  which  ia 

engaged  in  the  manufacture  or 
distribution  of  equipment  used  in 
connection  with  amateur  radio 
transmissions,  or  in  the  preparation  or 
distribution  of  any  publication  used  in 
preparation  for  obtaining  amateur 
station  operator  Licenses,  ia  ineligible  to 
be  a  volunteer  examiner  for  purposes  of 
administering  an  amateur  radio  operator 
examination.  However,  an  employee 
who  can  demonstrate  that  he/she  does 
not  normally  communicate  with  that 
part  of  an  entity  engaged  in  such 
manufacture  or  publishing  is  eligible  to 
be  a  volunteer  examiner. 

(c)  Each  volunteer  examiner  shall  be 
uncompensated  for  bit/her  services. 

(d)  Each  volunteer  administering  an 
examination  for  the  Technician, 
General.  Advanced  or  Amateur  Extra 
Class  operator  license  must  be 
accredited  by  the  Volunteer-Examiner 
Coordinator  (see  Subpart  I}. 

fe)  The  FCC  will  not  accept  the 
services  of  any  person  seeking  to  be  a 
volunteer  examiner  if  that  person's 
amateur  radio  station  license  or  amateur 
radio  station  operator's  License  baa  ever 
been  revoked  or  suspended 

16.  Sec  bo  n  97.33  is  revised  to  read 

1 17.33    Volunteer  examiner  conduct. 

A  volunteer  examiner  who  has  given 
or  certified  examinations  fraudulently  or 
for  monetary  or  other  consideration  la 
subject  to  revocation  of  his/her  amateur 
radio  station  license  and  suspension  of 
his/her  amateur  radio  operator  license. 

17.  A  new  fi  97.35  is  added  to  read; 

§  97.35    Temporary  operating  authority. 

Upon  successful  completion  of  an 
Amateur  Radio  Service  operator 
examination,  an  applicant  already 
licensed  in  the  Amateur  Radio  Service 
may  operate  his/her  amateur  radio 
station  pending  issuance  of  his/her 
permanent  amateur  station  and  operator 
licenses  by  the  Commission  for  a  period 
of  90  days  or  until  issuance  of  the 
permanent  operator  end  station 
licenses,  whichever  comes  first, 
consistent  with  the  rights  and  privileges 
of  the  higher  operating  class  for  which 
the  applicant  has  passed  the  appropriate 
examination! s].  provided  that  the 
applicant  retains  the  certificate^)  issued 
by  the  examiners  for  successful 
completion  of  the  examination^)  at  the 
station  location,  and  provided  that  the 
applicant  uses  an  identifier  code 
provided  by  a  VEC  as  a  suffix  to  his/her 
present  call  sign. 

IB-  Paragraph  (f)  of  |  97.84  is  revised 
to  read; 

I  97 S4    station  ktonttftcauon, 


(f)  When  operating  under  the 
temporary  operating  authority  permitted 
by  1 1.925(e)  with  privileges  which 
exceed  the  privileges  of  the  Licensee  s 
permanent  operator  license,  the  station 
must  be  identified  in  the  following 


transmission  of  the  station  call  sign, 
followed  by  the  fraction  bar  DN. 
followed  by  the  identifier  code{s]  shown 
on  the  certifies  fe(s)  for  successful 
completion  of  an  amateur  radio  operator 
examination, 


ifl  A  new  Subpart  I  is  added  to  Part 
97  to  read  as  follows; 


Subpart  l^Vc4unte#r-Examlner 
Coordinators 

General 

S  97.501     Puree**. 

The  rules  in  this  subpart  are  designed 
to  provide  for  the  establishment  of 
volunteer-examiner  coordinators  to 
coordinate  the  efforts  of  volunteer 
examiners  in  preparing  and 
administering  examinations  for  amateur 
radio  operator  licenses. 

S  97.503    DennttfonsL 

For  the  purpose  of  this  subpart,  the 
following  definitions  are  applicable 

(a)  Volunteer-examiner  coordinator 

|  VEC)  An  entity  which  has  entered  Into 
en  agreement  with  the  Federal 
Communications  Commission  to 
coordinate  the  efforts  of  volunteer 
examiners  in  preparing  and 
administering  examinations  for  amateur 
radio  operator  licenses, 

(b)  Volunteer  examiner  An  amateur 
radio  operator  who  prepares  or 
administers  examinations  lo  applicants 
for  amateur  radio  operator  licenses  {see 
I  07.30). 


[1]  On  radiotelephony.  by  the 
transmission  of  the  station  call  sign, 
followed  by  the  word  "temporary*** 
followed  by  the  identifier  codefs)  shown 
on  the  certificate(s)  for  successful 
completion  of  an  amateur  radio  operator 
examination. 

(2)  On  radio  telegraphy,  by  the 


S  97.50$     A0pU 

These  rules  apply  lo  each  entity  thai 
serves  as  a  volunteer  examiner 
coordinator. 

j  97,507    VEC  Qualifications. 

tn  order  lo  be  a  VEC,  an  organization 
must: 

(a}  Be  organized  at  least  partially  for 
the  purpose  of  furthering  amateur  radio; 

(b)  Be  at  Least  regional  in  scope, 
serving  one  or  more  of  the  following 
regions; 

(1)  Connecticut,  Maine. 
Massachusetts.  New  Hampshire,  Rhode 
Island  and  Vermont; 

(2)  New  Jersey  and  New  York: 

(3)  Delaware,  the  District  of  Columbia. 
Maryland  and  Pennsylvania; 

(4)  Alabama,  Florida,  Georgia, 
Kentucky,  North  Carolina.  South 
Carolina,  Tennessee  and  Virginia; 

[5]  Arkansas.  Louisiana.  Mississippi, 
New  Mexico,  Oklahoma  and  Texas; 
[6|  California; 

(7)  Arizona.  Idaho,  Montana,  Nevada. 
Oregon,  Uluh,  Washington  and 
Wyoming; 

(BJ  Michigan,  Ohio  and  West  Virginia. 

[9)  Illinois.  Indiana  and  Wisconsin; 

[10]  Colorado.  Iowa,  Kansas. 
Minnesota.  Missouri,  Nebraska,  North 
Dakota  and  South  Dakota; 

(11)  Alaska; 

(12)  Caribbean  Insular  areas; 
Commonwealth  of  Puerto  Rico.  United 
States  Virgin  Islands  (SO  islets  and  cays) 
and  Navaasa  Island:  and 

(13)  Pacific  Insular  areas;  Hawaii* 
American  Samoa  {seven  islands).  Baker 
Island,  Commonwealth  of  Northern 
Mariana  Islands.  Guam  Island.  HowLand 
Island  farvis  island  Johnston  Island 
(Islets  East.  Johnston,  North  and  Sand). 
Kingman  Reef,  Midway  Island  (Islets 
Eastern  and  Sand),  Palmyra  Island 
(mote  than  50  islets)  and  Wake  Island 
(Islets  PeaLe*  Wake  and  Wilkes). 

(c)  Be  capable  of  acting  es  a  VEC  in 
one  or  more  of  the  regions  Listed  in 
paragraph  (b); 

(d)  Agree  to  coordinate  all  amateur 
radio  operator  examination  elements  for 
all  amateur  radio  operator  license 
classes; 

(e)  Agree  not  to  accept  any 
compensation  from  any  source  for  its 
services  as  a  VEC;  and 


(f)  Agree  to  assure  that  for  any 
examination  every  candidate  qualified 
under  these  rules  is  registered  without 
regard  In  race,  sex,  religion,  national 
origin  or  membership  (or  lack  thereof)  in 
any  amateur  radio  organization 

§97.509    Conflicts  of  in tirsi! 

An  entity  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
or  distribution  of  equipment  used  in 
connection  with  amateur  radio 
transmissions,  or  in  the  preparation  or 
distribution  of  any  publication  used  in 
prepare  tion  for  obtaining  amateur  radio 
station  opera  Lor  licenses  may  be  a  VEC 
only  upon  a  persuasive  showing  lo  the 
Commission  thai  preventive  measures 
have  been  taken  to  preclude  any 
possible  conflict  of  interest. 

Volunteer-Examiner  Coordinator 
Functions 

§  97.51 1     Agreement  required. 

No  entity  may  serve  as  a  VEC  until 
that  entity  has  entered  into  a  written 
agreement  with  the  Federal 
Communications  Commission  to  do  so. 
The  VEC  must  abide  by  the  terms  of  that 
agreement, 

$  97.513    ScheoUlnQof  examlnaUooa, 

A  VEC  will  coordinate  the  dales  and 
times  for  scheduling  examinations  (see 
!  97.26}  throughout  the  areas  where 
communications  are  regulated  by  the 
Federal  Communications  Commission  A 
VEC  may  also  coordinate  the  scheduling 
of  testing  opportunities  at  other  places. 
A  VEC  shall  notify  the  Engineer -in 
Charge  of  me  Field  Operations  Bureau 
(FOB)  District  Office  having  jurisdiction 
over  the  area  where  an  examination  is 
to  be  held  of  the  time,  place  and 
registration  requirements  for  any 
examination.  If  no  FOB  District  Office 
has  jurisdiction  over  the  area  where  an 
examination  is  to  be  held,  a  VEC  shall 
notify  the  Chief  of  the  Public  Service 
Division  of  FOB  in  Washington,  D.C 
instead.  In  either  esse,  this  notification 
must  be  made  at  least  30  days  in 
advance  of  the  registration  deadline. 

5  97,515    Coordinating  volunteer 
exarntnenj, 

A  VEC  will  accredit  amateur  radio 
operators!  licensed  by  the  Federal 
Communications  Commission!  as 
volunteer  examiners  [nee  j  97.30].  A 
VEC  will  seek  to  recruit  a  broad 
representation  of  amateur  radio 
operators  to  be  volunteer  examiners.  A 
VEC  may  not  discriminate  in  accrediting 
volunteer  examiners  on  the  basis  of 
race,  sex.  religion  or  national  origin.  A 
VEC  may  not  refuse  to  aucrcdii  a 
volunteer  on  the  basis  of  membership 
(or  lack  thereof)  in  an  amaleur  radio 
organization.  A  VEC  must  not  accredil 
an  amateur  radio  operator  volunteering 
to  be  an  examiner  if: 

(a)  The  volunteer  examiner  does  not 
meet  minimum  statutory  qualifications 
or  minimum  qualifications  as  pre  sen  bed 
by  the  rules; 

(b)  The  FCC  refuses  to  accept  the 
voluntary  and  uncompensated  services 
of  the  volunteer  examiner 

(cj  The  VEC  determines  that  the 
volunteer  is  not  competent  to  perform 
the  function  for  which  he/she 
volunteered:  or 

(d)  The  VEC  determines  thai 
questions  of  the  volunteer  a  integrity  or 
honesty  could  compromise  the 
examination^}. 


$•7,517    written  ei 

A  VEC  will  assemble,  print  and 
distribute  written  examinations 
designed  by  the  FCC  (see  I  97.37[dJ). 


6,  97.511 

At  the  completion  of  each 
examine  lion,  a  VEC  will  collect  the 
candidates'  application  forms,  answer 
sheets  and  test  results  from  the 
volunteer  examiners  (see  1  97^S(hJ).  A 
VEC  will: 

[a]  Make  a  record  of  the  date  and 
place  of  the  test:  the  names  of  the 

73  Magazine  •  January,  1984    103 


volunteer  examiners  and  their 
qualifications;  the  names  of  the 
candidates:  the  test  results;  and,  rein  ted 
information. 

(h)  Screen  the  application  for 
comple t e ne$*  and  authenticity. 

[cl  Forward  the  application  within  ten 
days  of  the  date  of  the  most  recent 
examination  lo:  Federal 
Communications  Commission.  Licensing 
Division.  Private  Radio  Bureau* 
GcityaWirg,  Pennsylvania  17325. 

(d)  Make  available  to  any  authorized 
FCC  represent  a  live  any  requested 
examination  records. 

fi  97.521     Evaluation  of  oxim1  I  on » 

A  VEC  will  be  expected  to  evaluate 
Ihe  clarity  and  accuracy  of  examination 
epilations  on  the  basin  of  experience! 
and  to  bring  ambiguous  or  Inaccurate 
questions  to  the  attention  of  the 
Com  mi  as  ion.  with  a  recommendation  on 
whether  to  revise  the  question  or  to 
delete  the  question  from  the 
Commission's  list  of  examination 
questions. 

I  S7.5-23    KMnoncsnon  o4 


A  VEC  must  establish  i  unique 
identifier  code  for  each  testing  session. 
This  code  must  be  a  slant  (/|  followed 
by  two  letters  from  one  of  the  following 
letter  groups:  WA  through  WZ.  KA 
through  kZ,  NA  through  NZ.  or  AA 
through  AL,  The  id  en  li  Her  code*  must  be 
shown  on  the  certificate  for  successful 
completion  of  an  examination.  The 
identifier  code(s)  applicable  must  be 
appended  as  a  suffix  lo  Ihe  licensee's 
call  flign  when  the  licensee  operates 
under  temporary  authority  granted  to 
amateur  radio  operators  who  have 
passed  the  appropriate  examination^] 
for  a  higher  class  (see  j  Q  1.925(e)  and 
97.e4[i)]. 


Use  of  Volunteer*  To  Prepare  and 
Adrrunlater  Operator  Examination*  m 
the  Amateur  Radio  Service; 
Correction. 


AOCWCy:  Federal  Communication 
Commission 

actiOM!  Pinal  rule;  correction 

tUHM4Rvr  This  document  corrects  an 
FCC  Rule  regarding  Volunteer-Examiner 
Coordinators  (VECa]  in  the  Amateur 
Rjjdio  Service.  This  correction  is 
necessary  in  order  to  clarify  that  VECs 
will  not  be  required  to  coordinate 
amateur  radio  operator  examinations  for 
the  Novice  Class, 

worn  further  information  contact: 
[ohn  J  BorkojAfiki.  Private  Radio  Bureau. 
Washington.  D.C  20554  [Z02)  032-4964. 

Erratum 

En  the  mo  I  tor  o  Tarn  end  merit  of  parti  G,  1 
and  97  of  th*  cDitimisaion  i  rules  la  nllflw  the 
use  at  volunteers  to  prepare  and  nrfrniniHlpr 
operator  examination*  in  the  Amateur  Rudio 
Service:  PR  Docket  No.  83-27.  Ebn-4220 

Released  October  12. 1983. 

I  On  September  29.  1963,  the 
Commission  released  a  Report  and 
Order.  FCC  83-433.  in  the  above 
captioned  proceeding.  En  the  Report  and 
Order,  the  Commission  emended  Parts 
0.  t  and  97  of  its  Rules  to  allow  the  use 
of  volunteers  to  prepare  and  administer 
operator  examinations  in  the  Amateur 
Radio  Service. 

Z.  At  paragraph  0  of  the  Report  and 
Order,  the  Commission  indicated  that  it 
wan  adopting  new  rides  to  apply  above 
the  Novice  Class,  while  retaining  rules 
recently  adopted  in  another  proceeding 
for  thi-  Novice  Class.  See  Report  and 
Ordvr.  PR  Docket  No,  82-727,  46  FR 
32560  (July  18, 1983).  However, 
paragraph  [d|  of  newly  added  Section 
97.507  of  the  Rules  in  the  Appendix 
would  appear  to  require  Volunteer- 
Examiner  Coordinators  [ VECsJ  to 
coordinate  examinations  for  ail  da  sacs, 
including  the  Novice  Class.  This  was  not 
intended. 

&  Accordingly  paragraph  id\  of 
Section  97  507  of  the  Rotes  in  the 


Appendix  la  corrected  to  read  as 
follows; 

ft  97 JOT    VEC  Quatflcatlons. 

*  *   *  •  * 

Id}  Agree  to  coordinate  all  amateur 
radio  operator  examination  elements  for 
all  amateur  radio  operator  license 
classes  except  Novice  Class: 


Federal  Communication!  Commission 

William  J-  Trfcarioo, 

Secretary. 


Amendment  of  the  Rules  To  Authorize 
Tan  Year  License  Terms  In  the 
Amateur  Radio  Senile* 

agency:  Federal  Communications 
Commission. 

a  en  oh:  Final  rule. 


SutfSiAJtv;  The  Commission  is  amending 
Pari  97  of  its  Rules  to  authorize  ten  year 
operator  and  station  license  terms  and 
two  year  grace  period  for  renewal  of 
expired  operator  and  station  licenses  in 
the  Amateur  Radio  Service.  The 
Communications  Amendment  Act  of 
1982  authorized  license  terms  not  to 
exceed  ten  years  in  the  Amateur  Radio 
Service.  This  change  is  necessary  in 
order  to  eliminate  a  burden  on 
Commission  resources  and  a  paperwork 
burden  upon  the  public. 

dates:  Effective  December  15.  t&m 


PART  97-1  AMENDED] 

1,  Section  97.13(d)  is  revised  to  read 
as  follows: 

5  97.13    RsrmaJ  or  modification  of 


(d)  If  a  license  is  allowed  to  expire. 


application  for  renewal  may  be  made 
during  a  grace  period  of  two  years  after 
the  expiration  date.  During  this  grace 
period  an  expired  License  t*  not  valid  A 
license  renewed  during  the  grace  period 
will  he  dated  carremly  and  will  not  be 
backdated  lo  the  date  of  its  expiration. 
Application  for  renewal  shall  be 
submitted  on  FCC  Fores  610  and  shall  be 
accompanied  by  the  applicant  a  expired 
license  or  a  photocopy  thereof 

Z  Section  87.47(h)  is  revised  to  read 
as  follows: 

§  97.S7    Rswwwsd  and/or  modrftcsbdn  of 
amateur  station  Keens* 
t         •         *         «         * 

(bj  If  a  license  is  allowed  to  expire, 
application  for  renewal  may  be  made 
during  a  grace  period  of  two  years  after 
the  expiration  date.  During  this  grace 
period,  an  expired  license  is  not  valid-  A 

license  renewal  during  the  grace  period 
will  be  dated  currently  and  will  not  be 
backdated  lo  the  dale  of  its  expiration. 
An  application  for  an  individual  station 
license  shall  he  submitted  on  FCC  Form 
610.  An  application  for  an  am  a  tear  club 
or  military  recreation  station  license 
shall  be  submitted  on  FCC  Form  611KB 
In  every  case  the  application  snail  be 
accompanied  by  the  applicant's  expired 
license  or  a  photocopy  thereof. 

3.  Section  97.59  [a)  and  fbl  are  revised 
to  read  as  follows: 

§  97.59    License  term. 

[a]  Amateur  operator  licenses  are 
normally  valid  foT  a  period  of  tea  years 
from  the  date  of  issuance  of  a  new, 
modified  or  renewed  license, 

(b]  Amateur  station  licenses  are 
normally  valid  for  a  period  of  ten  years 
from  the  date  of  issuance  of  a  new. 
modified  or  renewed  license.  All 
amateur  station  licenses,  regardless  of 
when  issued,  will  expire  on  the  same 
date  as  the  licensee's  amateur  operator 
license. 


/WARDS 


Bill  Gosney  KE7C 

MieroSQ.  Inc. 

2665  North  Busby  Road 

Oak  Harbor  WA  93277 

DX  AWARDS  FROM 
CZECHOSLOVAKIA 

1 1  you've  never  seen  the  beautiful  DX 
awards  available  to  licensed  amateurs 
from  the  Central  Radio  Club  of  Czecho- 
slovakia, then  you're  in  tor  a  real  treat.  It 
has  been  my  pleasure  ihla  pasi  month  to 
have  received  the  full  details  of  their  en- 
tire awards  program  and  I  hey  are  de- 
scribed In  the  paragraphs  to  follow. 

SeS  Award 

The  S6S  Award  is  a  Horded  those  am- 
ateurs who  have  had  a  OSO  since  January  1, 
i960,  with  at  least  one  station  located  In 
each  of  the  six  continents  as  defined  by 
the  IARU.  Awards  wilt  recognize  those 
contacts  on  CW.  phone,  and  RTTY.  either 
all  band  or  single-band  achievement*. 
Mixed-mode  contacts  are  recognized 

P75P  Award 

This,  award  is  Tor  ha  vino  worked  at 
least  75  ITU  zones  as  deli  nod  by  the  ITU 
Geneva  Conference  of  1959.  AM  contacts 


moat  have  been  made  since  January  V 
i960,  and  awards  are  available  In  ihree 
levels  of  achievement;  1st  class— 70 
zones.  2nd  class— 80  zones,  and  3rd 
class —50  zones.  Zones  may  be  deter- 
mined in  accordance  with  a  special  map 
made  available  by  the  Central  Radio  Club 
for  a  cost  of  3  IRCs.  Also,  it  is  important 
to  note  that  alt  contacts  must  he  made 
with  fixed  stations  only. 

ZMT  Award 

To  qualify  for  the  ZMT  Award,  appli- 
cants must  have  confirmed  contact 
since  April  26r  19*9,  with  at  least  one  sta- 
tion located  In  each  of  the  following  39 
areas:  OKI,  0K2,  QK3,  HA.  LZ,  UA1f  UA2, 
UA3t  UA4.  UA6,  UA9.  UA9.  US,  UC,  UD, 
UF>  UGt  UK  Ul.  UJ,  UL,  UM,  UN,  UO,  UP, 
UQ.  UR,  0M  (3  different  regions  deter- 
mined by  the  last  letter  of  the  eel  I  sign), 
SP  (3  different  districts),  YD  (3  different 
districts),  YU  (3  different  districts) 

ZMT  24  Award 

For  those  interested  in  pursuing  the 
ultimate  in  DX  endurance,  the  ZMT  24 
Award  is  fust  for  you.  The  requirements 
are  exactly  the  same  as  for  the  basic  ZMT 
Award  detailed  above,  with  the  axcep 
lion  lhat  ail  contacts  must  be  made 
within  a  24 -hour  period.  Sound  I m possi- 


ble? Absolutely  not  but  don't  be 
discouraged  if  it  takes  you  several  at- 
tempts using  the  stopwatch! 

100  OK  Award 

Check  your  OSL  cards.  If  you  can  find  a 
total  of  100  OK  stations,  then  you  will 
qualify  for  the  100  OK  Award-  All  con 
tacts,  however,  must  have  been  made  on 
or  after  January  t,  1954.  Endorsement 
stickers  are  available  tor  every  addi- 
tional 100  stations  confirmed,  up  lo  a 
total  of  500.  Stations  may  be  worked  any 
band,  any  mode. 

OK  SSB  Award 

This  award  requires  the  applicant  to 
have  two-way  SSB  contact  with  different 
Czechoslovak  stations  totaling  25 
points,  without  a  date  limitation.  1  point 
will  be  scored  for  each  QSO  on  the  2S-r 
21-,  or  14-MHz  bands  and  2  points  for 
each  QSO  on  the  7-  or  3.5-MHz  bands. 
There  are  no  mode  restrictions. 

As  an  added  tip  to  those  wishing  to 
pursue  these  very  respectable  awards, 
this  editor  recommends  that  you  keep  a 
close  eye  on  the  "Contests"  column  in 
73  magazine  and  consider  making  a  few 
corn  acts  during  the  annual  OK  DX  Con- 
test. Oales  and  times  will  be  announced 
at  least  a  month  in  advance  of  the 
scheduled  event-  The  Awards  Manager 
of  the  CRC  also  mentions  that  OSOs 
made  during  the  contest  w'ift  not  require 
OSL  confirmations.  There  is  one  stipula- 
tion, however:  Application  must  be  sub- 
mitted along  with  your  logbook  entry  for 
(he  OK  OX  Contest. 

All  the  certificates  are  issued  free  of 


charge  for  members  of  clubs  or  associa- 
tions which  accept  this  rule  reciprocally. 
The  fee  for  all  others  IS  10  iRCs  for  the 
P75P  Award  and  5  IRCs  for  all  the  other 
awards  offered  by  the  Central  Radio  Club 
of  Czechoslovakia.  General  certification 
rules  apply  by  which  contacts  may  be 
verified  by  two  amateurs  of  a  local  club, 
a  club  official,.  Or  a  notary  public. 

Applications  shall  include  details  for 
each  contact,  i.e.,  caJIsign,  GMT,  date, 
frequency,  mode.  RSfT),  and  any  addi- 
tional information  required  for  the 
award.  Send  to  Central  Radio  Club. 
Awards  Manager  PO  Box  68,  113-27 
Ptatta  1,  Czechoslovakia. 

Slovensko  Award 

The  DX  Club  of  Radio  Amateurs  of  Slo- 
vakia offers  this  award  to  alt  licensed 
amateurs  who  can  show  proof  of  contact 
with  stations  In  the  different  districts 
(OKR)  of  Slovakia  (0K3,  OL8,  OL&,  OL0; 
districts  listed  below)  after  January  1. 
1946. 

Stations  in  countries  which  have  a 
common  border  with  Slovakia  must  con- 
tact 35  districts,  30  districts  are  required 
of  stations  In  other  European  countries, 
and  10  districts  are  required  for  stations 
outside  the  European  continent. 

There  are  no  band  or  mode  restric- 
tions Applications  with  a  GCR  list  and 
award  fee  of  S  IRCs  may  be  sent  to:  Cen- 
tral Radio  Club,  PO  Box  69.  113^27  Praha 
1 ,  Czechoslovakia. 

Districts  which  qualify  are:  Banska, 
Dysirica.  Bardejov.  Bratislava,  Brati- 
slava-Vidiek,  Cadca,  Qolny  Kubin. 
D  una  (ska     St  reds.     Gal  ant  a.     Hmenne, 


104    73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


Komarno,  Kosice,  Kosice-Vidie*.  Lev  ice. 
Uptovsky,  Mfkuias.  Lucenec,  Martin, 
Michaiowce,  Nitra,  Nova,  Zamky>  Poprad. 
Povazska  Bystrica.  Presqv,  Pnevidza, 
flimavska  S  boot  a,  Roznava,  Sen  lea, 
Spisska  Nova  Ves,  Star  a  Lubovna,  Svrd- 
nik.  Topolcany,  Trebisov.  Trend  n, 
Tntava,  Velky  Krtis.  Vranov,  Zvolen,  Ziar 
nad  Hronorn.  and  2i Una 

TEN-TEN  INTERNATIONAL 

NET  AWARDS 

For  I  hose  of  us  who  frequent  the  ten- 
mater  band,  a  minute  doesn't  elapse  that 
you  don't  hear  reference  being  made  to 
I  he  Ten-Ten  International  fraternity 

The  10-lQ  organisation  was  formed  in 
1962  by  a  group  of  amateurs  in  southern 
California.  To  this  date,  better  than  27,000 
amateurs  have  joined  their  ranks.  The 
unique  awards  program  for  this  Interna- 
tional group  was  founded  and  managed 
for  years  oy  Frank  Orcuit  W4J0,  who  is 
now  a  silent  key. 

To  qualify  lor  membership  in  Ten-Ten 
International  and  to  move  up  on  their 
•wards  ladder  of  achievement,  you  first 
must  make  contact  with  ten  Individual 
Tan-Ten  members  on  the  Len-meter  band. 
From  each  QSO,  you  must  obtain  ihe  sta- 
tion's call,  10-10  number,  name,  and  exact 
QTH  Once  this  has  been  achieved,  you 
may  submit  your  list  along  with  your 
check  for  U5S4DG  {includes  fee  for  the 
quarterly  10-10  publication)  to  one  of  the 
following  area  or  district  vice  presidents: 
Eerie  W1NC,  Larry  WA2SUH,  Jim 
WA3RBO,  Clint  K4EKX,  Grace  KSMRLL 
Dick  W6ANK,  Plon  WB7ADO,  Del  W9SPU, 
John  NftADJ  Mac  ZL3RK  (New  Zealand), 
Art  VK2BXN  {Australia).  August  DK5UG 
(Europet.  Jim  K6PJO  <DX  at  largej 

Your  application  is  checked  against  the 
10-10  net  rosier,  and  If  Found  correct,  you 
will  be  Issued  your  very  own  10-10  number 
and  Black  Cat  Certificate. 

Once  you  obtain  your  ^0-10  number,  you 
may  begin  work  toward  various  "bar" 
awards.  The  bar  awards  are  Issued  in  mul- 
tiples of  100  individual  10-10  contacts  To 
apply  for  any  bar  award,  you  must  not  du- 
plicate contacts  previously  claimed.  In 
each  case,  submit  only  100  contacts  per 
application— no  more,  Each  must  show 
the  callsign  of  the  station  worked,  the  10- 
10  number,  name,  and  exact  QTH 

Award  applications  must  show  con- 
tacts in  10-10  number  sequence  Applica- 
tions received  in  any  other  order  will  be  re- 
turned. There  is  no  award  fee  for  "bars"; 
however,  an  SASE  sent  along  with  your 
application  is  appreciated.  Send  to:  Bill 
Risher  WB60MH  10542  Lock  Avon  Drive, 
Whittle*  CA  90606. 

This  same  process  is  repealed  for  the 
200. 300.  and  400  bar  awards  Where  it  will 
end.  nobody  knows,  for  the  most  numbers 
Collected  to  date  is  by  Grace  K5MRU  who 
now  has  8200  confirmed. 


When  you  reach  the  500  bar.  serial  num- 
bers are  then  assigned  to  each  bar  issued 
thereafter  Once  the  applicant  reaches 
1000,  he  or  she  reaches  the  first  step  in 
which  award  plaques  are  Issued.  Plaques 
are  Issued  also  for  2500.  5000,  and  7500 
Contacts, 

1*  10  WAS  Award 

This  award  requires  an  applicant  to 
make  at  least  one  contact  in  each  state 
with  another  member  of  Ten-Ten  Interna- 
tional, DSL  cards  and  sufficient  postage 
for  their  sate  return  are  to  be  sent  with 
your  application  to  WB6QMH  This  award 
Is  Issued  only  for  contacts  made  after 
January  1,  1973.  on  arty  authorized  mode 
on  the  ten-meter  band 

The  VP  Certificate 

To  qualify  for  this  award,  a  net  member 
must  have  earned  his  or  her  '500  bar/'  at 
which  time  a  VP  number  and  certificate 
were  assigned  The  idee  for  Ihe  VP  certifi- 
cate issued  here  is  to  work  at  least  100 
other  net  members  who  have  achieved 
their  500  bar  and  who  have  been  issued  a 
VP  serial  number  To  be  valid,  all  contacts 
must  be  made  between  28,500  and  2B.550 
MHz  or  above  29  MHz,  with  the  contact 
lasting  at  least  5  minutes.  As  with  all  10*10 
awards,  application  must  indicate  the  lO 
10  number,  call  sign,  name,  frequency,  and 
exact  QTH,  Also,  a  definite  requirement  is 
to  list  the  stations  VP  serial  number 

All  contacts  must  be  made  on  or  after 
October  15, 1979,  to  qualify.  Send  your  ap- 
plication to:  Grace  Dun  lap  K5MRU,  Box 
445,  La  Ferl*  TX  78559- 

To  the  best  of  our  knowledge  there  is  no 
award  fee. 

Lucky  13  Award 

The  Lucky  13  Award  Is  to  prove  that 
your  station  is  capable  of  working  the  en- 
tire 10-meter  band.  This  Is  not  a  fre- 
quency-measuring test  and  it  is  not  nec- 
essary to  stay  exactly  on  Ihe  prescribed 
frequencies.  The  idea  here  is  to  make 
contact  with  13  different  VP  members  on 
each  i004iHz  segment  of  the  band: 
28.500,  28.600,  28700.  28,800.  28900, 
29,000.  29J0O,  29200,  29,300.  29,400. 
29,500,  29.600.  and  29.690  (29.700  is  the 
band  edge,  so  be  careful)  Any  mode  or 
mixed  mode  la  permissible.  As  with  all 
awards,  you  must  log  the  callsign.  the  VP 
number,  Ihe  first  name,  the  QTH,  end  In 
this  case,  the  dale  and  lime  of  each  con- 
tact claimed,  It  is  not  necessary  to  send 
QSLs,  but  you  should  have  your  list 
verified  and  mailed  to;  Rich  Richardson 
OBftFOD,  960  E.  Cottonwood  Avenue,  Lit- 
tleton CO  80121, 

FEARL  AWARDS 

I  received  award  information  from  a  per- 
sonal friend  of  mine,  Glenn  KABGW 
(WB7SPD),  who  used  to  reside  here  on 


Wnidbey  island  and  is  stationed  with  the 
US  Navy  in  Masawa.  Japan.  Glenn  urges 
those  seeking  the  awards  being  offered 
by  the  Far  East  Auxiliary  Radio  League 
(FEARL}  to  be  careful  to  only  count  con- 
tacts with  KA  stations  in  Japan  and  not  to 
Include  those  in  the  continental  United 
States 

Glenn  mentioned  a  couple  of  nets 
which  may  assist  those  wishing  to  meet 
the  award  requirements  in  a  minimum  of 
time.  14.284  MHz  Is  the  golden  frequency 
on  Sundays  at  0200Z  and  Wednesdays  at 
1200Z. 

All  FEARL  awards  are  available  for 
$1.00  or  7  IRCs,  which  must  be  sent  with 
your  application  to:  Far  East  Auxiliary 
Radio  League,  Attention:  Awards 
Manager,  c/o  Sam  Fleming  KA2SF.  GARH- 
I0-GS-M  MCS  Japan,  APO  San  Francisco 
CA  98343. 

Worked  Fifteen  KA  Stations 

To  qualify  for  the  VVFTKAS  Award,  ap- 
plicants must  work  a  minimum  of  at  least 
15  KA  stations  located  in  Japan  or  Oki- 
nawa, Stateside  KA  stations  do  not  count. 
There  are  no  mode  or  band  restrictions 
nor  &m  there  any  date  limitations.  General 
certification  rules  apply,  with  proper 
logbook  data, 

KA  Rag-Chewers  Club 

This  award  certifies  that  the  applicant 
has  presented  evidence  of  having  had  a 
rag  chew  with  a  KA  station  Jn  the  Orient 
for  a  period  of  not  less  than  thirty  minutes. 
There  are  no  band,  mode,  or  date  limita* 
tions  To  apply,  merely  give  general  log- 
book data  including  the  time  your  QSO  be- 
gan and  ended  GCP  apply. 

Rag  C hewer  Supreme 

Should  you  be  long  winded  and  were  for- 
tunate enough  to  enjoy  an  hour-long  QSO 
with  a  KA  station  in  the  Orient,  then  the 
Rag-Che  war  Supreme  award  is  designed 
especially  for  you.  To  apply,  merely  pro- 
vide logbook  data  and  the  appropriate 
award  fee  of  Si. 00  or  7  IRCs.  GCR  apply 

KA  Roundtable  Award 

To  qualify  for  this  award,  the  applicant 
must  establish  and  maintain  two-way  am- 
ateur-radio communication  with  at  least 
two  KA  stations  in  the  Orient  on  the  same 
frequency  at  the  same  time  for  a  minimum 
of  thirty  minutes.  There  are  no  special 
band  or  mode  endorsements.  Date  is  not  a 
factor.  GCR  apply. 

Shortwave  Listener  Award 

For  the  shortwave  listeners,  FEARL  pre- 
sents this  award  for  having  heard  and  ren- 
dered a  signal  report  to  the  operators  of  at 
least  two  KA  stations  in  the  Orient  Appli- 
cants merely  send  general  logbook  data 
and  the  appropriate  award  fee  when  ap- 
plying. 


UTICA  NY 

The  Utica  Amateur  Radio  Club  will  oper- 
ate special-event  station  K2IQ,  commem- 
orating its  50th  anniversary,  from  1700Z 
February  11  to  220QZ  February  12.  on  SSB. 
25  kHz  from  the  upper  edge  of  the  4Q-,  20-, 
and  1&-meter  bands,  and  25  kHz  from  the 
upper  edge  of  the  40-meter  Novice  band 
QSL  with  S ASE  and  contact  number  for  an 
attractive  certificate  to:  K2IQ,  PO  Box  71, 
Utlca  NY  13503. 

SNOWFLAKE  MADNESS 

The  Michigan  Technological  University 
Amateur  Radio  Club  and  the  Copper 
Country  Radio  Amateur  Association  an- 
nounce a  radio  celebration  of  their  Winter 
Carnival  festivities  m  the  northernmost 
part  of  Michigan's  upper  peninsula. 

Tech's  Winter  Carnival  is  probably  Ihe 
most  spectacular  winter  festival  In  Amer- 
ica with  snow  sculptures,  ice  hockey,  dog- 
sled  racing,  skiing,  and  other  festive 
events. 

In  association  with  the  Copper  Country 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  we  are  issuing  a 
certificate  to  all  amateurs  who  make  con- 
tact with  any  participating  ham  In  the 
Copper  Country  between  0000  February  2 
and  0000  February  8.  1964. 

Only  one  contact  is  required  to  get  a 
certificate.  Frequencies  aw  3,630.  7.090, 
and  14  096,  RTTY,  3705.  70B5T  14.085, 
21.085.  and  2&1S5.  CW;  and  3930,  7.265. 
14.305,  21  3B5,  and  28.686.  phone.  On  CW 
listen  for  CQ  Winter  Carnival, 

Send  your  QSL  along  with  three  20c 
stamps  (for  postage  and  handling)  toe 
Howard  Junkin  N8FHF.  106  W.  South  Ave- 
nue, Houghton  Ml  49931. 

HOSARC  SPECIAL-EVENT 

STATIONS 

The  Hall  of  Science  Amateur  Radio 
Club  will  issue  a  commemorative  certifi- 
cate to  anyone  working  a  HOSARC  club 
station  on  January  15  from  1400  to  2300 
UTC.  in  conjunction  with  HOSAftC's  lllri 
anniversary.  Stations  using  the  call 
WB2JSM  will  operate  CW  in  the  first  25 
kHz  of  Ihe  Novice  bands  of  40,  15.  and  10 
meters.  Stations  using  the  call  WB2ZZ0 
will  operate  SSB  in  the  first  25  kHz  of  the 
General  phone  bands  of  40.  20,  15.  and  10 
meters.  QSL  with  a  large  SASE  (40c  or  1 
IRC)  to  HOSARC,  PO  Box  131.  Jamaica  NY 
1 1415,  or  to  WB2YXB,  club  QSL  manager. 

PUNXSUTAWNEY  PA 

Tne  Punxsutawney,  Pennsylvania,  Ama- 
teur Radio  Club  will  commemorate 
Groundhog  Day  on  Sunday,  January  29. 
1964,  from  10  am  to  5  pm  on  7  230  and 
14.290.  For  a  certificate  send  an  SASE  to 
Clif  WB3GAD,  RD  #6  8ok  21 1,  Punxsutaw- 
ney  PA  15767. 


Chod  Harris  VP2ML 

Box  4881 

Santa  Rosa  CA  95402 

HAPPY  NEW  YEAR 

The  start  of  a  new  year  brings  reflect  Eon 
and  anticipation:  reflection  on  the  events 
of  the  past  twelve  months  and  anticipa- 
tion for  the  coming  year.  It  is  a  time  to 
think   back   on  coveted   successes  and 


missed  opportunities,  a  time  to  consider 
what  you  win  be  doing  over  the  next  year. 

1983  was  a  good  year  for  DX.  Not  a  great 
one;  the  suns  pot  numbers  continued  to 
fall,  shortening  band  openings  and  weak- 
ening signals.  But  19&3  also  saw  some  ex- 
cellent DX  from  many  corners  Of  the 
globe. 

Among  the  DX  highlfghts  were  not  one 
but  fwo  DXpedilions  to  inhospitable 
Heard  Island,  the  disaster  in  the  Sprat ly 


Islands,  a  highly  successful  assault  on 
Maipeio,  increasing  activity  from  China, 
and  dozens  of  other  amateur  operations. 

What  do  we  see  ahead  for  1064?  Radio 
propagation  will  continue  to  decline.  The 
suns  pot  numbers  are  already  well  below 
their,  peak  levels  of  the  late  '70s  and  early 
80s.  and  they  will  fall  still  further  this 
year.  This  regular  pattern  of  worsening 
propagation  is  familiar  to  DXers  of  more 
than  10  years  standing.  The  old-timers  will 
remember  the  stow  days  of  the  mid-TQs 
when  sporadic  E  and  trans-equatorial 
propagation  provided  what  little  DX  ex- 
citement there  was,  and  DXIng  hours  were 
spent  fighting  Ihe  static  on  the  lower  fre- 
quencies and  calling  long  CQs  on  ap par- 
ent ly  dead  bands. 

1964  probably  wilt  not  be  the  bottom  of 


the  current  suns  pot  cycle.  The  1986-B 
period  is  a  more  likely  candidate  for  that 
dubious  honor.  However,  the  sun  can  be 
fickle,  and  it  can  decrease  activity  dramat 
lea lly  or  flare  up  and  provide  some  good 
DXIng.  Bui  the  overall  irend  in  1984  will  be 
down. 

Those  DXers  bitten  by  the  DX  bug  in  the 
past  few  years,  however,  will  be  hard 
pressed.  The  tremendous  increase  in  the 
number  of  amateurs  worldwide  and  espe- 
cially the  number  of  DXers,  since  the  last 
sunspot  minimum,  is  unprecedented. 
Many  thousands  of  amateurs  turned  on  to 
DX  at  a  time  when  10  Watts  Into  a  wet  noo- 
dle could  be  heard  around  the  world.  The 
amateur  radio  equipment  of  today  Is  sig- 
nificantly advanced  over  that  of  ten  years 
ago,  facilitating  such  communications. 

73  Magazine  *  January,  1984     105 


Jim  Smith  VK9NS  pfans  3  1984  QXpeditron  to  Kermadec  island,  north  of  New  Zealand 
Jim  fed  the  Heard  island  DX  A&soctatton  mp  to  Heard  las*  year.  {Photo  vta  The  DXers 

MwpiJmi) 


The  effects  of  these  factors  of  declining 
sunspots  and  largo  numbers  of  avid  DXers 
can  be  seen  already.  When  a  DX  station 
comes  on  The  band,  a  piieup  often  begins 
even  if  the  siaiion  is  not  particularly  rare. 
The  large  number  of  DXer  mice  chasing 
the  increasingly  elusive  DX  cheese  makes 
it  very  difficult  for  foreign  stations  to  have 
satisfying  contacts.  This  trend  will  only 
worsen. 

For  the  many  thousands  of  amateurs 
who  have  started  chasing  OX  since  197S, 
1984  will  be  a  year  of  decision.  Should  I 
upgrade  my  station  to  remain  competitive 
in  the  <ncreastngiy -difficult  DX  world? 
Should  I  try  to  lough  it  out  with  my  present 
equipment,  meekly  accepting  diminishing 
results?  Or  should  t  forget  about  OX  for  a 
few  years  and  turn  to  satellite  operation  or 
Stamp  collecting? 

The  hard-core  DXer  will  rise  to  the  chal- 
lenge, improving  his  station  and  oper- 
ating techniques  to  ensure  DX  success. 
And  the  DXer  will  have  considerable  as- 
sistance in  this  task  Again  in  1fl84,  as  in 
the  past  years,  a  number  of  hard-working 
and  dedicated  amateurs  will  be  traveling 
to  Choice  DX  local  ions  around  l  he  world 
to  hand  out  contacts  to  the  "Deserving 
DXers/1 

THE  DX  ADVENTURE 

Some  of  the  most  rewarding  aspects  of 
DXmg  are  the  wonderful  people  who 
devote  so  much  of  their  own  time  and 
money  to  sponsor,  organize,  and  operate 
on  DXpedit  ions  10  the  rarer  amateur  spots 
In  the  world.  Without  the  dedicailon  and 
persistence  of  these  amateurs,  the  DX 
world  would  be  dull  indeed.  And  a  fine  ex- 
ample of  this  respected  breed  Is  Jack 
Binder  KB7NW 

An  avid  traveler,  Sack  had  moved  to 
Australia  in  1969  with  his  English  wife. 
J  ode  A  few  years  later,  the  Binder  family, 
including  two  young  sons,  set  sail  in  their 
home-buifl  Banyandah  (which  Is  Aborigi- 
nal for  Home  on  the  Water'1),  And  that's 
what  the  yacht  was  to  the  family  of  four: 
their  only  home.  For  eight  years  the  family 
cruised  the  Pacific,  covering  more  than 
60.090  miles.  Jack  and  J  into  took  turns 
teaching  their  boys  using  materials  from  a 
cooperative  stateside  school  The  parents 
supplemented  the  traditional  curriculum 
with    extra    lessons    In    marine    biology, 

106     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


botany,  and  geography,  based  on  their 
travel  s+ 

The  Binders  kept  their  expenses  to  the 
minimum  (there  was  no  need  of  clothes  on 
the  boat  or  uninhabited  islands,  for  exam 
pie),  but  they  did  need  a  source  of  cash 
for  foodstuffs,  supplies,  and  repairs. 
Sometimes  Jack  worked  on  land  for  a 
short  time,  bul  in  1973  he  turned  to  charter 
trips  for  income-  And  one  of  his  early  char- 
ters was  a  expedition  to  Mellish  Reef,  oil 
Australia, 

Jack's  next  expedition  would  be 
enough  to  turn  most  hams  away  from  this 
pastime;  Jack's  yacht  was  tired  upon  as  il 
approached  Amboyna  Cay,  In  the  Sprairy 
islands,  In  1979-  The  Binders  escaped 
without  being  hit.  unlike  the  Germans  in 
the  more  recent  attempt,  Several  mem- 
bers of  that  DXpedit  ion  ligured  Brunei 
VS5  was  exciting  enough,  but  Jack  and 
two  other  hams  returned  to  the  Sprat  I  ys, 
setting  up  and  operating  on  Bare  Canada 
Reef  Since  then,  Jack's  wanderlust  and 
DX  spirit  have  i&i  him  to  Palmyra, 
Kingman.  Tofceiau,  and  back  lo  Methsn 
Reef. 

The  Binders  called  a  temporary  halt  to 
their  odysaey  in  1982  and  placed  their 
sons  in  a  regular  school  for  the  firs!  time 
in  their  lives,  Meanwhile,  Jack  earned 
some  much  needed  funds  by  piloting  a 
Charter  vessel  around  the  Great  Barrier 


gp6QLf/  tf> 


J  •'» 


?JW7KG  ft'4K£  GC5ACH/W6KG 
r§# 


t?.  v»«  *&"-«  ws*°:  ..:'vi&6* 


E2HU  <ve,t5  a4V  '^f^     vaj- 

J3ABV  J*L0o  VW2S*X  H/€ 


\     r* 


Upyd  W6KG  and  iris  W&QL  Colvin  swing  through  South  America  on  the  1983-4  Yasrne 
trip,  {Photo  via  The  OXer s  Magazine/ 


Reef  "It's  an  unalterable  fact  of  life  that  it 
costs  money  to  1 1  ve.  no  matter  how  idyllic 
the  lifestyle  or  how  basic  and  down-to- 
earth  one  lives/"  Jack  explains. 

Jack  makes  it  very  clear  that  this  land- 
baaed  existence  la  not  permanent.  "My 
one  and  only  true  love  will  always  be  ex 
^editions  There  Is  something  about  them 
that's  hard  to  put  down  in  words.  Some- 
thing about  conceiving  the  idea,  then  put- 
ting it  into  action,  following  it  through  in 
every  liny  detail  until  the  speck  of  land 
shows  on  the  horizon  and  the  operators 
get  down  to  business.  It's  out  and  out 
adventure,  but  with  a  purpose," 

Now,  1984,  ihe  Four  Js  (Jack.  Jude, 
Jerome,  and  Jason)  are  on  the  open  ocean 
again.  The  planned  itinerary  includes  the 
Solomon  Islands  (H441  the  Philippines 
(DUK  Singapore  (9V).  and  the  Seychelles 
(S7)  on  the  way  to  the  western  Indian 
Ocean.  The  OX  targets  there  are  Mayotte 
(FN),  Glorloso  £FB).  and  Juan  de  Nova 
(FH),  in  I  ale  spring  or  early  summer, 

A  host  of  other  DXpedit  Ions  are 
scheduled  for  early  1984.  A  group  of 
Venezuelan  amateurs  intend  to  land  on 
tiny  Aves  island  in  ihe  Caribbean.  Aves 


De&echeo  from  the  air  Two  Puerto  Rican  amateurs  hope  to  activate  KP4/D  this  month. 
1WP4ATF  photo} 


(YV&I,  about  125  miles  southwest  of  Mont- 
serrat,  is  so  low  to  the  water  that  high 
waves  and  tides  preclude  landing  for 
much  of  the  year.  Also  on  tap  for  the  com^ 
Ing  year  is  another  trip  to  GlJpperton 
Island  (FOJ  by  a  collection  of  Tahitian  and 
stateside  hams,  And  Jim  Smith  VK9NS 
(see  photo)  of  Heard  Island  tame  is  pul- 
ling together  a  sc ien tilic  and  amateur  op- 
eration on  Kermadec  Island  (ZUK).  Closer 
to  home,  the  Corvins  are  on  the  move 
again,  and  a  couple  of  Puerto  Rican  ama- 
teurs are  shooting  for  Desecheo 
(KP4/D)— see  details,  below 

YASME  SAILS  AGAIN 

Once  again,  Uoyd  and  ins  Coivm, 
W6KG  and  W6QL  (see  photo),  are  DXped* 
honing,  this  year  concentrating  on  South 
Amer«ca  where  contacts  may  be  plentiful 
but  QSLs  rare  The  Golvins  are  sailing 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Yasrne  Founda- 
tion, the  nonprofit  group  which  has  been 
sponsoring  DXpedit  ions  for  many  years. 
The  name,  Yasme,  comes  from  the  yachi 
of  that  name  on  which  Danny  Weil  sailed 
for  many  DXpedit  ions  twenty  years  ago. 

The  Ooivlns  customanty  set  up  a  sub- 
stantial station  m  each  country  where 
they  operate,  including  beam  antennas 
and  amplifiers.  They  thus  present  a  con- 
sistent signal  and  are  quite  easy  to  work. 
Also,  the  Corvins  stay  at  each  location  For 
several  weeks,  working  5-10,000  QSOs. 
which  gives  DXers  with  very  modest  sta- 
tions ample  opportunity  for  a  contact 
And  the  Yasrne  Foundation  GSL  system  is 
excellent 

Look  for  the  Cofvins  <with  portable  calls 
or  calls  ending  In  KG  Of  QU  toward  the  low 
ends  of  the  bands,  especially  the  lower 
frequencies.  Send  QSLs  to  Yasrne  Foun- 
dation, Box  2025.  Castro  Valley  GA  94546, 

DESECHEO 

Two  amateurs  from  Puerto  Rico  plan  a 
DXpedit  ion  to  tiny  Desecheo  Island  in  Ihe 
Caribbean  this  month  Jose  Maldonado 
WP4ATF  and  Rodollo  HI3RST/KP4  are 
aiming  for  the  lirst  week  in  January  for 


their  three-day  operation,  They  will  use 
their  own  caiisigns  with  the  designator  ID. 
They  solicit  contributions  and  OSLs  via 
Box  449T  Palmer  PR  00721. 

Desecheo  was  one  of  the  last  DXCC 
"countries"  admitted  under  the  "separate 
administration"  rule  which  has  since 
been  eliminated.  The  island  is  a  wildlife 
refuge  only  a  tew  miles  west  of  Puerto 
Rico.  Its  refuge  status  was  the  reason  for 
its  separate-country  designation  by  the 
ARRL  but  this  same  status  also  restricts 
travel  to  the  island.  The  Fish  and  Wildlife 
people  don't  wani  dozens  of  hams  swarm- 
ing over  their  island,  littering  with  beer 
cans  and  coax  cable  bits.  Consequently, 
only  a  lew  amateur  expeditions  nave 
opera  ted  from  the  island,  starting  with 
Bob  Denmson  WfiDX. 

The  well-run  International  DX  Founda- 
tion DXpedition  to  Descheo  two  years  ago 
cleaned  up  moat  of  the  demand  for  KP4/D. 
but  then,  the  definition  of  a  rare  country  is 
"the  one  you  don't  have,*'  regardless  of 
how  easy  It  is  to  wonY  Hopefully,  the  op- 
erators will  spend  some  time  on  the  lower 
frequencies  to  take  advantage  of  the  good 
propagation  from  that  part  of  the  world 
and  to  meet  the  Increasing  demands  for 
40-.  SO-,  and  ISO-meter  DX  contacts. 

KEEPING  INFORMED 

There   is   a   major  difference   between 


wonting  a  DXpedition  versus  contacting  a 
resident  of  the  country,  in  the  latter  case, 
the  timing  probably  is  not  very  Important, 
If  you  don't  work  him  this  time,  you  might 
tomorrow,  or  next  week,  or  next  year,  But 
you  don't  get  a  second  chance  with  many 
DXpedrtions  How  long  do  you  think  it  will 
be  before  hams  return  to  Heard  I  si  and? 

QXpedJtions  give  DXers  a  great  shot  at 
the  DX  contact,  and  in  many  cases  pro- 
vide the  only  way  for  radio  contacts. 
After  all,  many  of  these  DXCC  "count ries" 
are  totally  uninhabited.  Many  are  unin- 
habitable over  the  long  term,  and  only  the 
limited  stay  of  a  DXpedition  provides  DX- 
ers with  a  shot  at  them. 

So  the  DXpedition  wilt  not  be  there  next 
week,,  or  next  year.  It  may  be  years  before 
that  particular  "country"  again  attracts  a 
DXpedition.  Thus  the  DXer  cannot  afford 
to  miss  the  contacts  offered  by  the  DX 
pediti oners  If  you  hibernated  through  the 
Heard  Island  activity  la$!  year,  you  prob- 
ably won't  gel  another  shot  at  it  for  many 
years. 

Real  DXers  understand  that  Keeping  in- 
formed on  a  timely  basis  Is  an  essential 
part  of  successful  DXing,  especially  as 
the  sunspots  decline  and  the  pileups  in- 
crease on  the  few  remaining  DX  stations. 

The  chief  way  of  keeping  abreast  of  the 
DX   world   IS   Ihrouigj!   the  radio;   active 


amateurs  who  taJfc  to  and  fist  en  to  their 
fellow  DXers  will  know  who  is  on  now,  who 
is  supposed  to  be  coming  onP  and  where. 
There  is  no  substitute  for  activity.  But 
there  are  aids  which  make  DXing  more  ef- 
fective and  enjoyable 

You  local  radio  club  can  be  an  excellent 
source  of  DX  information.  Keeping  m 
touch  with  other  DXers  in  your  area  is  like 
having  extra  pairs  of  ears  You  can  be 
keeping  an  eye  on  20  meters  while  a  fellow 
DXer  across  town  is  watching  40.  A  quick 
call  over  VHF  FM  keeps  both  hams  in- 
formed 

Many  areas  of  the  country  have  taken 
this  a  step  further  by  organizing  DX  clubs. 
The  larger  DX  clubs  sponsor  repealers 
dedicated  to  DX  and  DXers.  Mow  with  doz- 
ens of  ears  out,  littie  DX  si  Ips  by.  A  DX  sta- 
tion can  tell  when  his  presence  is  broad- 
cast over  a  DX  repeater  easily.  He  First 
works  one  station  in  an  area,  say  ^an 
Francisco,  Then,  a  couple  of  minutes 
later,  another  DXer  from  the  same  region 
calls.  Then  stations  from  all  over  the  Bay 
area  are  In  the  pileup! 

Of  course,  the  flow  of  information  must 
go  both  ways  The  DXer  should  share  his 
success  with  the  other  members  of  the 
club  and  not  simpty  take  advantage  of  the 
hard  work  of  others.  Arid  the  DX  club  prob- 


ably has  many  other  tasks  which  need 
help:  meetings,  newsletters,  repeater 
maintenance,  etc.  So  one  way  you  can 
continue  your  DX  success  is  to  join  and 
support  your  local  radio  club. 

Other  useful  sources  of  DX  information 
are  the  DX  bulletins  DX  columns  in  the 
major  amateur  radio  magazines  {such  as 
this  onel  have  lead  times  too  long  for  the 
kind  of  timely  information  needed  in  the 
DX  world.  You  need  to  know  what  is  on 
now,  and  for  that  a  weekly  DX  news  sheet 
can  be  wet  I  worth  the  money 

So  to  help  you  keep  up-to-date  in  the  DX 
world  in  1964.  the  two  major  weekly  DX 
bulletins  are  offering  a  free  subscription 
(o  a  couple  of  lucky  readers  of  this  col- 
umn. Send  your  OSL  card  (and  maybe  a 
photo  of  you  and  your  shack)  to  VP2ML. 
Box  46fl1,  Santa  Rosa  CA  95402  by  Jan- 
uary  31, 1964.  I'll  pull  a  couple  of  cards  out 
of  my  hat  and  present  the  lucky  winners 
with  a  one-year  subscription  to  The  DX 
Bulletin  or   QRX  DX 

H  you  can't  wail  and  you  aren't  lucky 
enough  to  have  your  card  pulled  out  of  the 
hat.  you  can  subscribe  directly.  Send 
S28.00  tor  a  one-year  subscription  to 
QRX  DX,  Box  4072,  Richardson  TX  /5030,  or 
to  The  DX  Bulletin.  Box  S73,  Vernon  CT 
UoUdq, 


REVIEW 


THE  HEATH  KIT  SS-9000 

From  the  lime  about  two  years  ago  that 
t  had  the  opportunity  to  try  out  a  prototype 
of  the  SS-9000, 1  have  looked  forward  nrttti 
anticipation  to  seeing  It  on  the  mar- 
ket. While  the  unit  has  many  features 
attractive  to  the  SSB  operator,  it  should 
have  spec  fa  I  appeal  to  the  computer- 
oriented  operator  who  likes  to  Jump  from 
band  to  band  and  frequency  to  frequen- 
cy in  search  of  a  good  QSO  or  rare 
DX.  The  CW  operator  can  take  advan- 
tage of  two  extremely  effective  narrow  fil- 
ters in  addition  to  the  above-mentioned 
computer  capabilities. 

A  floppy  disk  that  demonstrates  some 
ol  l he  capabilities  of  the  units  controller 
i$  shipped  with  II.  The  disk  utilizes  inter 
action  between  the  compute^  the  opera- 
tor, and  the  SS-9000  during  the  demorv 
stration,  The  program  that  controls  the 
unit  during  operation  is  within  the  unit  it- 
self, in  me  controller  circuit,  however  As 
a  consequence,  only  a  terminal  is  re- 
quired, and  any  computer  used  must  be 
reconfigured  as  a  terminal  if  it  is  to  be 
used  to  control  the  SS-9000.  I  used  a 
Heath* it  H-99  computer  to  run  the  demo 
disk  and  then  had  to  go  into  the  cabinet  to 
change  a  Jumper  cable  to  use  a  as  a  term* 
nal.  In  effect,  I  was  dedicating  the  com- 
puter to  use  with  the  SS-9000  alone,  My 
guess  Is  that  anyone  who  wants  to  control 
his  unit  with  a  keyboard  will  opt  for  some 
i ne* pensive  terminal  rather  than  restrict- 
ing the  use  of  his  home  computer  to  trans- 
ceiver control 

Terminal  Functions 

The  unit  is  programmed  to  remember 
and  display  both  Ihe  frequencies  last 
shown  on  the  1  wo  frequency  displays  and 
the  one  stored  In  memory  on  each  band.  If 
t  inadvertently  bandswHch  to  one  of  these 
bands,  the  displays  land  terminal  print- 
out) will  return  to  the  appropriate  band 


limit  and  the  stored  frequencies  will  be 
lost.  In  order  to  be  used,  the  frequencies 
must  be  retrieved  by  the  terminal 

The  terminal  also  controls  and  indi- 
cates the  frequency  within  each  band  to 
which  the  receiver  and  transmitter  nave 
been  toggled.  Two  push  buttons  centered 
under  the  middle  of  the  two  frequency  dis- 
plays do  this  switching  in  the  manual 
mode,  The  indicators  tor  toggling  on  the 
unit  are  red  LEDs  for  transmit  and  green 
LEDs  for  the  receive  frequencies  The  dis- 
played and  remembered  frequencies  for 
each  band  can  be  established  by  either 
terminal  or  manual  control  at  any  time. 

Some  other  functions  the  terminal  can 
control  and  Indicate  are: 

•  Passband   shift    In    100-Hz   steps— as 
many  as  600  Hz  down  and  400  Hz  up 
#Bandswitching 

•  Scan  rale 

•  Transmit/Receive 

•  Mode:  LSB.  USB.  CW  wide.  CW  medium 
|400  Hz),  CW  narrow  (200  Hz),  and  RTTY 
(AQQ  Hz) 

During  operation  on  any  given  band,  the 
operator  has  (he  ability  to  preset  alt  of 


Ihese  functions  in  anticipation  of  operat- 
ing on  anolher  band, 

Shared  Functions:  Pit  Tuning 

The  phase-locked-ioop  tuning  is  deadly 
accurate  to  the  100-Hz  steps  by  which  it 
changes.  No  supplementary  frequency 
standard  is  necessary.  PLL  with  t00-Hz 
resolution  Introduces  a  problem  in  bring- 
ing two  or  more  transceivers  to  Ihe  Identi- 
cal frequency,  i  can  be  as  much  as  50  Hz 
Off  while  attempting  to  zero  beat  another 
signal  with  the  SS-9000  The  other  station 
with  stepiess  tuning  might  have  to  make 
up  the  difference.  The  SS-9000  CW  opera- 
tor might  become  a  Utile  frustrated  with 
this  dependence  on  the  other  operator  if 
he  Is  a  purist.  Fifty-  or  ten-Hertz  resolution 
would  lessen  the  problem  of  frequency 
matching:,  but  for  most  operators  the  high- 
er resolution  is  probably  unnecessary 

Scan  Rate 

PLL  tuning  makes  it  practicable  for  the 
manufacturer  to  offer  tuning  up  or  down 
the  band  at  almost  any  desired  rate.  This 
tate  can  be  determined  tor  the  SS90O0  by 
the  setting  of  four  DIP  switches  St  nee  ac 
cess  is  gamed  to  these  switches  by  re- 
moving the  cover  of  the  unit  (nine  screws), 
t  probably  won't  change  them  often.  On 
the  other  hand,  if  I'm  operating  with  the 
terminal,  I  need  only  to  punch  S=  1  ito  16) 
to  vary  the  manual  scan  rale  through  Its 
whole  range 


Phofo  A.  The  Heaihkft  SS9OO0 


Memories 

The  practicality  of  the  memories  comes 
out  when  I'm  looking  for  a  QSO  on  what- 
ever band  is  open.  I'll  flip  the  rig  on  to  hear 
immediately  a  sector  of  a  band  that  I  have 
last  used.  Nothing  new  there,  but  I  nave 
also  two  other  segments  of  the  band  that  I 
can  check  out  with  two  punches  of  a  but- 
ton. This  happens  without  my  losing  the 
first  frequency  In  the  process,  I  can  tune 
up  or  down  from  any  of  the  three  spots  it  1 
near  nothing  interesting  ft  t  hear  a  station 
in  QSO  that  I  might  like  to  talk  with  when 
he  finishes,  J  commit  his  frequency  to 
memory— not  my  memory  but  the  memory 
of  the  SS-9000— and  resume  searching  for 
a  CQ  or  someone  finishing  a  QSO.  If  I 
don't  find  either,  I  can  check  back  on  the 
QSO  with  a  punch  of  a  button,  and  if  it's 
still  underway,  resume  searching  with 
another  punch. 

If  somehow  I  hear  a  second  hot  pros- 
pect tor  a  later  QSO,  i  can  leave  the  one 
display  on  that  second  station  and  toggle 
the  receiver  over  to  Ihe  other  display  to 
continue  searching  Then  if  I  wani  to  take 
a  Quick  listen  tor  activity  on  the  other 
band,  the  three  selections  are  preserved 
in  memory 

Bands  witching 

On  the  SS-9000,  changing  bands  with 
the  front-panel  bandswltch  can  be  made 
to  activate  an  antenna  switch  tor  each  se- 
lection. There  is  a  plug  on  the  back  that 
will  connect  the  unit  directly  to  the  Heath- 
kit  antenna  switching  relay.  This  function 
can.  of  course,  be  adapted  to  other  anten- 
na switches. 

Bands  witching  by  computer  or  terminal 
control  is  another  capability  of  Ihls  unit.  A 
motor  switches  bands  as  well  as  anten- 
nas if  this  Is  desired. 

On  this  unli,  the  bands  witch  hung  up  at 
rimes  when  t  attempted  to  rotate  it  coun- 
t  ere  lock  wise  manually.  This  could  have 
damaged  the  switch  if  I  had  strong-armed 
it.  This  is  because  the  teeth  thai  engage 
during  computer-controlled  oandswitch- 
Ing  are  not  quite  separated  adequately  on 
this  particular  moior  assembly.  I  expect 
that  a  call  or  a  letter  to  the  company  could 
bnng  a  new  assetvbty  in  the  mail.  Since 
the  assembly  is  located  in  a  housing  that 

73  Magazine  *  January,  1984     107 


Jf. 


'  tr 


Photo  B  Bottom  view  of  the  SS9000 


Photo  C.  Tap  wew  of  the  SS9000. 


e* lends  from  the  hack  ot  the  unit  behind 
the  bands  witch  shaft,  it  would  not  be  di  Hi 
cult  for  me  to  replace. 

Receiving. 

True  to  the  numbers  given  in  the  man- 
ual,  the  bandpass  fillet  and  CW  filters  are 
extremely  effective.  The  effectiveness  of 
the  SSB  bandpass  filler  can  be  demon 
sua  ted  easily  w>th  a  turn  ot  the  bandpass 
shift  switch  dunng  reception  with  a 
strong  interfering  signal  parked  close  by- 
All  I  sacrifice  for  this  filtering  are  some  of 
the  lows  of  the  received  Operators  voice, 
or  some  ot  the  highs.  Being  able  to  drop  a 
strong  unwanted  signal  off  Ihe  side  of  the 
bandpass  plateau  can  result  in  a  stgriifl* 
cant  increase  In  intelligibility  of  Ihe 
wanted  signal 

CW  Operation 

Using  the  CW  narrow  filter.  I  can  drop  a 
strong  mtetermg  signal  100  Hz  or  more 
away  down  to  a  level  at  which  I  can  copy  a 
desired  signal  through  <t  This  means,  too, 
thai  the  strong  Signal  is  far  enough  down 
the  filter  passband  skirl  thai  Ihe  age  is  not 
triggered  to  ihe  poinl  lhal  [he  weak  signal 
doesn't  gel  amplified  adequately.  In  fad, 
the  filtering  is  such  i hat  I  am  able  to  copy 
CW  with  the  comfort  of  age  leveling  of  Ihe 
desired  signal  almost  without  exception 
since  the  CW  filtering  renders  harmless 
the  signal-killing  effeel  of  the  age  Irom 
strong  stations.  Another  nice  feature  of 
the  narrower  filters  is  the  tack  of  ringing  I 
experienced  Tnss  is  an  especial  advan 
tage  while  copying  high-speed  CW.  The 
SS-9000  s  intering  is  the  cleanest  I  have 
heard  in  Ihls  regard. 

Since  I'm  not  a  musician  and  don't  have 
perfect  pilch,  I  have  the  same  problem 
with  the  SS-9000  that  I  have  with  any  other 
transceiver  I  can't  tell  by  ear  when  I  have 
the  desired  signal  at  the  offset  frequency 
of  800  Hz,  It's  easy  to  tell  by  peaking  toe 
signal  with  the  S-meter  with  the  narrow 
CW  filter  switched  in  it  there  is  no  interfer- 
ence and/or  fading.  It's  almost  impossible 
otherwise  to  tune  the  transmitter  exacily 
to  the  frequency  of  the  received  station 
without  an  outside  reference  tone. 

Being  able  to  tune  as  closely  as  possi- 
ble to  another  signal  with  one's  own  trans- 

108     73  Magazine  •  January,  1964 


mitter  is  important.  It  minimizes  the 
amount  of  band  space  taken  up,  it's  easier 
for  others  lo  break  inb  one  doesn't  have  to 
retune  for  each  signal  in  a  round  robin, 
and  it  minimizes  leap-frogging.  I  attempt 
to  minimize  my  contribution  to  the  prob- 
lem by  using  a  cheap  audio  frequency 
standard:  a  musician's  pitch  pipe  I  tune 
the  note  of  the  desired  signal  to  F  sharp, 
800  Hz.  Then  my  signal  and  at  least  one 
other  are  on  the  same  frequency. 

Transmitter 

Front  panel  controls  in  addition  to  the 
shared  transceiver  controls  of  band  and 
frequency  are:  power  output,  VOX  delay, 
speech  compression,  and  microphone 
gain.  Power  output  can  be  read  directly 
from  the  multi-function  meter  as  the  pow- 
er control  is  varied.  These  are  all  that  are 
needed  to  Control  SSB  transmissions 
from  contact  to  contact,  Speech  compres- 
sion, if  desired,  is  switched  on  and  turned 
up  until  compression  indicated  on  the  me- 
ter on  voice  peaks  gives  the  same  excur- 
sion of  the  needle  as  depressing  the  tune 
button  while  the  meter  is  switched  to  read 
power.  That's  probably  the  most  compn- 
cated  maneuver  necessary  to  learn  to  be 
able  to  lake  full  advantage  ot  the  SSB  fea- 
ture of  this  unit.  Microphone  gain  also  IS 
turned  up  on  voice  peaks  until  the  meter, 
switched  to  ALC  indication,  shows  some 
ALC  action, 

VOX  delay,  compression,  and  micro- 
phone gain  may  need  to  be  varied  from 
operator  to  operator,  juslifying  the  loca- 
tion of  the  controls  on  the  front  panel. 
Three  other  controls  will  need  to  be  set, 
but  not  adjusted  as  frequenily  as  the 
front-panel  controls.  These  are:  CW  side- 
tone  level,  anti-trip,  and  VOX  gain.  Adjust- 
ment of  these  Is  made  through  the  righl 
side  panel 


Power  Suppty 

The  companion  power  supply  to  the 
SS-9000  will  operate  with  inputs  in  the 
120-  and  240-V  ac  ranges  to  provide  13.8  V 
dc  with  sophisticated  regulation  and  pro- 
tection.  It  has  high-temperature  protec- 
tion from  heat,  sink  sensing,  surge-cur 
rent  protection,  and  short  protection.  Trip- 
ping the  fast  of  the  three  will  require  reset- 
ting the  on -off  switch.  The  first  two  react 
by  reducmg  power-supply  output  to  safe 
levels  until  the  condition  reverses  itself 
The  power  amplifier  transistors  of  Ihe 
SS-9000  are  provided  protection  from  ex- 
cess current  flow  by  these  power-supply 
circuits  as  well  as  by  power-out  put  -con- 
trol I  Ing  circuitry  that  Is  heatslnk  tempera- 
ture dependent,  and  by  high  vswr  cutback 
Circuitry, 

The  power-supply  cabinet  contains  the 
speaker  for  the  unit  and  two  clocks,  each 
settabfe  by  Its  own  two  front-panel  but 
tons.  The  docks  will  operate  with  either 
12-  or  24-hour  format.  The  readouts  are 
green  vacuum  flou  res  cent  tubes,  as  are 
the  frequency  displays  on  Ihe  SS-9000. 

Summary 

Setting  the  SS-9000  up  for  operation  on 
SSB  and  CW  was  as  straightforward  as 
could  be.  I  did  not  make  use  ot  the  RTTY 
mode,  but  RTTY  sending  and  receiving 
should  be  optimally  simple  also.  A  400- Hz 
flTTY  filter  position  is  provided  in  the 
mode  switch  as  well  as  the  usual  LSB. 

The  several  controls  that  must  be  dealt 
with  in  order  to  operate  SSB  are  easily  se| 
using  the  owner's  manual.  Front-panel 
control  changes,  such  as  power  output, 
VOX  delay,  compression,  and  microphone 
gain  are  extremely  simple  with  Ihe  multl 
function  metering  provided  at  the  touch  of 
a  button. 


WHAT  DO  yOU  THINK? 

Nave  you  recently  purchased  a  new  product  lhaf  has  been  reviewed  In  73?  It 

you  have,  write  and  tell  us  what  you  think  about  it.  73  will  publish  your  comments 
so  you  can  share  Ihern  wilh  other  hams,  as  part  of  our  continuing  eltorl  lo  bring 
you  the  best  in  new  product  informailon  and  reviews.  Send  your  thoughts  to 
Review  Editor,  ^3  Amateur  Radio's  Technics Uou me/,  Peterborough  NH  03458. 


Opera i  ing  the  SS-9000  with  an  amplifier 
is  easily  arranged.  After  stringing  a 
phono-plugged  cable  for  the  relay  and  the 
AtC  voltage,  I  just  punched  the  tune  but 
ion  and  screwdriver-adjusted  the  ALC  lev 
el  in  the  back  panel  to  limit  me  amplifier 
current  properly  by  limiting  drive  power. 

I  had  to  get  used  to  operating  CW  with 
out  QSK,  coming  from  a  rig  thai  has  a  car 
rier-operated  relay  (COfl)  it  was  gooddis 
cipiine  for  me  to  attempt  to  keep  my  trans 
missions  short.  Rumor  has  it  that  it  was 
(eft  (he  frequency  synthesizer  loops  might 
be  too  unstable  while  using  the  COB  in 
this  unit  with  high-speed  CW  As  you  can 
tell  from  the  advertisements,  only  very  re- 
cently   have    manufacturers    developed 
confidence  enough  In  their  designs  to  of 
fer  full  break-In  operation  with  PLL  tuning, 
Heathkit  included. 

Conclusion 

I  very  much  enjoyed  indulging  in  fanta 
sies  about  how  I  could  take  advantage  of 
the  unique  features  of  this  rig,  One  idea 
most  appealing  was  to  buy  some  cheap 
h^gh  lying  property  in  my  local  telephone- 
calling  area  or  within  UHF  range  and  set 
up  the  SS-9000  right  in  the  middle  of  a 
huge  antenna  farm.  A  terminal  with  mo- 
dem could  control  the  unit  and  I  could  op- 
erate from  any  convenient  room  in  the 
house. 

The  capability  of  terminal  control  rathe* 
than  computer  and  software  control  ap- 
peals to  me.  I'm  eager  io  develop  applica- 
tions tor  personal  computers  in  my  life. 
but  I'm  not  enthusiastic  about  dedicating 
a  PC  to  a  single  use.  If  the  feature  of  ter- 
minal control  and  the  concept  of  a  quality* 
built,  sensitive,  selective,  adaptable 
transceiver  appeal  to  you.  give  the 
SS-9000  serious  consideration. 

For  further  information,  contact  the 
Heath  Compahf,  Benton  Harbor  Ml  49022. 
Reader  Service  number  484, 

Dave  Learned  W8DFI 
Benton  Harbor  Ml 

A  BOOK  ON  AMTOR; 
WHAT,  WHY,  AND  HOW 

AMTOR  means  AWateur  Teletype  Over 
ftadio    and    provides    almost    error-free 


transmission  and  reception  of  messages, 
A  form  of  RTTY  that  uses  a  seven-bit 
(Moore)  code,  TOR  has  been  in  use  by 
both  land-based  and  sea-based  stations 
for  several  years  but  has  been  adopted  by 
amateurs  only  recently. 

The  international  Telegraphic  Union 
Report  CCIR  476-2(1978)  formed  the  basis 
for  the  1983  FCC  approval  of  AMTOR,  and 
provides  a  set  of  operating  standards  and 
procedures. 

And  now,  because  of  the  relative  new- 
ness of  AMTOR  to  the  amateur-radio  fra- 
ternity and  because  some  of  the  introduc- 
tory articles  that  appeared  in  amateur 
magazines  have  been  missed  by  ama- 
teurs who  may  be  Interested  In  trying  out 
this  new  mode  of  communication,  Phil  An- 
derson WfflXl  has  put  out  a  neat,  soft -cover 
publication  called  Introduction  to  and  the 
Operation  ot  AMTOR. 

The  table  of  contents  lists  a  preface 
and  introduction  and  chapters  entitled 
Why  AMTOR,  Basic  Equipment,  Basic  Op- 
erating Procedures,  An  Operating  Exam- 
ple: AMTORSOFT  (Copyright  1983  by  Kan- 
tronics,  Inc.),  and  Theory  of  Operation, 
AMTQfl;  there  a) so  is  an  appendix  which 
includes  chapters  on  a  'Brief  History  of 
AMTOR,"  a  table  of  the  AMTOR  code,  and 
references. 

The  author  uses  cartoons  in  an  early 
chapter  to  relate  the  reader  to  the  idea  of 
AMTOR,  showing  how  interference  can  be 
minimized  through  repetition  of  the 
message  and  how  an  acknowledgement 
of  message  received  is  an  important  ele- 
ment of  the  system. 

The  booklet  describes  how  essentially 
error-free  comunication  can  res  u  ft  in  spite 
of  fading,  interference,  and  the  use  of  low 
power  by  either  or  both  stations  in  a  two- 
way  circuit,  it  shows  the  reader  what  equip- 
ment  is  required,  basic  operating  proce- 
dures1  where  to  find  and  how  to  tune  AM- 
TOR, how  to  establish  contact,  how  to 
send  and  receive  messages,  and  provides 
dozens  of  other  vital  pieces  of  information 
that  one  will  want  to  know  when  begin- 
ning, Retail  price  of  this  37-page  bookiet 
is  $3.50. 

For  further  informal  ion  t  contact  Kan- 
tronics,  inc.,  1202  East  23rd  Road,  Law- 
rence KS  66044. 

JtmGrayWIXU 
n  Staff 

THE  J.  C.  LABS 
ACTION  MONITOR 

The  first  thing  you'll  ask  yourself— as  I 
did— is,  "Why  hasn't  someone  done  that 
before?" 

The  Action  Monitor  is  one  of  those  de- 
vices that  is  simple,  neat,  and  effec- 
tive. , ,  besides  which  it  is  needed!  Let  me 
give  you  an  example. 

How  many  of  you  have  a  scanner  or 
monitor  that  has  to  be  left  unattended 
much  of  the  da/  (or  night)?  There  may  be 
something  that  comes  over  the  monitor 
that  you  want  to  know,  or  even  have  to 
know. .  yet  you  can't  be  there. 

How  about  a  OX  station  that  you  have 
been  waiting  for  on  a  spot  frequency,  but 
you  have  to  go  to  work  and  may  never 
know  whether  it  ever  showed  up? 

If  you've  ever  worried  about  not  getting 
that  vitai  message,  or  capturing  that  sig- 
nal that  you  wanted,  the  Act  Son  Monitor  by 
J.  C,  Labs  is  for  you.  Here's  how  ft  works. 

The  Act \ on  Monitor  is  actually  a  VOX 
unit  that  operates  a  built-in  switch  to  turn 
on  a  tape  recorder  or  other  recording  de- 
vice. You  attach  the  speaker  output  of 
your  receiver  or  scanner  to  the  input  termi- 
nals of  the  Action  Monitor  by  a  pair  of 
wires.  These  can  be  audio  wire,  zip  cord, 
or  even  a  shielded  pair,  although  it  isn't 


vHmMB 


Photo  A.  The  yardstick  held  by  Aiex  Torres  indicates  size  of  the  discone  hefd  by  Joan 
Torres, 


necessary  to  go  to  shielded  wire  unless 
you  want  to. 

Next,  you  attach  one  of  the  output  leads 
of  the  Action  Monitor  to  the  tape 
recorder's  push-to-talk  input  jack  by 
means  of  the  mating  plug  already  fur- 
nished; and  finally,  you  attach  the  other 
output  lead  to  the  tape  recorder's  micro- 
phone input  jack  by  means  of  the  mating 
plug  also  furnished.  Now  you  are  ready  to 
record. 

There  is  an  ON-OFF  switch  on  the  Ac- 
tion Monitor.  In  the  OFF  position,  the  Ac- 
tion Monitor  is  not  functional  and  your 
scanner  or  receiver  functions  normally— 
that  ist  without  recording  anything.  Now 
comes  the  good  part-  You  turn  the  switch 
to  ON  and  you  set  the  tape  recorder  to  the 
RECORD  position.  Then  tune  in  a  signal 
on  the  receiver  and  watch  what  happens. 
As  soon  as  the  signal  is  received,  the  Ac- 
tion Monitor  automatically  turns  the  tape 
recorder  on.  and  it  records  the  received 
signal. 

In  case  you  wonder  about  it  turning  oft 
too  soon  and  missing  a  reply,  Jim  Casa- 
massa  of  J.  C  Labs  has  that  all  figured 
out:  He  provides  a  two-second  delay  in  the 
Action  Monitor  so  that  it  doesn't  shul  the 
recorder  off  Immedfately.  Thus,  if  there  is 
another  signal  following  the  first  one  by  a 
short  delay  it  also  Is  picked  up.  Neat,  huh? 


Okay,  how  well  does  it  work,  you'd  like 
to  know?  it  works  just  great?  My  thin g,  for 
instance.  Is  monitoring  the  aircraft  bands. 
I  like  to  listen  to  the  commercial  airliners 
call  in  to  the  Boston  Air  Traffic  Control 
Center,  so  I  merely  hook  up  my  aircraft 
monitor  receiver  to  my  tape  recorder 
through  the  Action  Monitor,  and  let  it  re- 
cord while  I  am  away  from  home. 

In  case  you  wonder  why  I  do  that,  let  me 
say  that  ft's  not  mere  curiosity.  I  happen 
to  be  a  pilot  who  uses  radio  communica- 
tions in  my  aircraft.  Aircraft  radio  proce- 
dure Is  shortf  terse,  clipped,  and  fast.  It 
takes  a  btt  of  getting  used  to,  and  you 
have  to  mentally  gear  up  to  understand  it 
...particularly  when  you  receive  instruc- 
tions to  make  a  complicated  approach.  I 
find  that  the  only  way  for  me  to  be  able  to 
understand  these  rapid-fire  contacts  is  to 
practice,  practice,  and  practice  listening, 
and  the  Action  Monitor  is  the  perfect  way 
to  do  it  simply  and  painlessly.  I  can  get  a 
tape  fuH  of  information  over  a  period  of  a 
day's  time,  so  that  when  I  get  home  in  the 
evening,  I  can  listen  to  the  tape  and  hear 
what  has  happened  while  away.  Best  of 
all,  I  can  replay  the  tape  again  and  again 
tc  get  that  important  practice. 

Your  use  of  the  Action  Monitor  may  be 
somewhat  different  than  mine,  of  course, 
but  that  doesn't  mean  it  will  be  iess  use- 


JVHV^HHH 


Photo  B.  Top  view  of  the  discone. 


fill.  A  friend  of  mine  listens  to  those  'se- 
cret'1 frequencies  where  nothing  happens 
for  hours— even  days— at  a  time.  Then, 
suddenly,  there  is  a  burst  of  information. 
The  Action  Monitor  is  there,  ready  as  al- 
ways, to  catch  and  record  the  transmis- 
sion. Clandestine-radio  monitors  will  find 
the  Action  Monitor  to  be  absolutely  nec- 
essary for  their  purposes— It  is  a  valuable 
tool  that  saves  time  and  money. 

Speaking  of  which,  you  ought  to  Know 
that  the  Action  Monitor  costs  only  $39.95 
{plus  S2.00  shipping  and  handling) — an 
extremely  affordable  price,  in  this  writer's 
opinion,  for  something  that  is  as  useful 
and  simple  as  this  device.  As  I  said  In  the 
beginning,  why  hasn't  it  been  done 
before? 

Oh,  yeSi  one  more  thing:  The  Action 
Monitor  comes  complete  with  9-V  battery 
for  powering  the  VOX  circuit.  While  the 
battery  seems  to  iast  forever,  it  is  possible 
to  use  an  ac  adapter  to  furnish  the  neces- 
sary direct  current.  J.  C.  Labs  furnishes 
one  that  is  suitable  for  use  with  the  Action 
Monitor  for  $6.96,  as  an  optional  acces- 
sory, pius  a  $1.00  shipping  and  handling 
charge. 

For  more  information,  contact  J.  C. 
Laos,  PO  Box  183,  Wales  Wf  531  S3;  (41 4h 
547-7987.  Reader  Service  number  4B2. 

Jim  Gray  W1XU 
73  Staff 

A  NEW  DISCO  HE  ANTENNA 
FOR  AMATEUR  SERVICE 

For  the  past  twenty  years,  the  dispone 
antenna  has  been  a  very  popular  item 
among  military  communicators,  and  until 
recently,  the  only  source  for  such  anten- 
nas was  the  military  surplus  business.  But 
things  are  changing,  and  in  the  last  few 
months.  TET  (Taniguchi-Engineering- 
Traders,  Yokohama,  Japan)  has  intro- 
duced a  discone  antenna  for  amateur  use. 

The  useful  frequency  range  of  the  an- 
tenna is  an  impresssive  50  to  4B0  Mega- 
hertz continuous.  That's  one  of  the  big- 
gest payoffs  of  a  discone:  about  an  octave 
worth  of  bandwidth.  TET  claims  that  the 
swr  anyptace  in  the  useful  frequency 
range  is  less  than  1.5:1.  Let  me  tell  you,  I 
tested  the  antenna  at  146  MHz.  220  MHz 
and  450  MHz,  and  the  worst  swr  obtained 
was  1.3:1— a  very  impressive  perfor- 
mance. 

The  gain  of  the  antenna  is  given  at  3 
dfii,  and  in  a  quick  comparison  between  a 
quarter-wave  vertical  whip  and  the  dis- 
cone, the  discone  came  out  ahead  by  2.8 
dB.  Considering  that  the  measurement 
was  relatively  crude  {even  though  it  was 
done  in  an  anechoic  chamber),  I  probably 
would  go  aiong  with  the  specifications 
given  by  TET. 

Maximum  power  limit  on  this  Jewel  is 
500  Watts-  The  most  impressive  part  of 
the  antenna  is  the  way  it  was  built.  The 
metal  used  is  high-quality  aluminum  and 
the  hardware  used  is  all  stainless  steel. 
Assembly  of  the  antenna  took  me  about 
one  hour  (that  includes  two  long-distance 
telephone  interruptions)  after  figuring  out 
the  conversion  from  metric  to  inches  (my 
tape  measure  is  in  inches).  Mechanically, 
the  antenna  is  about  as  strong  as  a  mule, 
yet  the  unit  only  weighs  6.5  pounds. 

The  longest  element,  part  of  a  radial,  is 
2200  mm  (3Q.B").  This  seven-foot  radial  is 
needed  for  50-MHz  operation.  Photo  B 
shows  the  top  of  the  discone*  and  Photo  C 
shows  the  insulator  between  the  driven 
elements  and  the  refiectors.  It  fs  made  of 
a  very  hard  and  durable  piastic,  soiidH  and 
about  2  inches  in  diameter. 

The  antenna  can  be  mounted  on  top  of 
an  HF  monobander  or  tribander.  It  has 
about  the  same  performance  as  a  Ringo 
Ranger  but  much  wider  frequency  operat- 
ing range.  This  antenna  witi  work  very  well 

73  Magazine  *  January,  1984     109 


Dl SCONE  A*lGLE  OF  RADlATiON  vS  l/4i  *HlP 
75 


Photo  C.  The  two  discs  of  the  dt  scone,  top  tradtator, ana  bottom  (ground-plane  reflectory 


on  2  meters.  220  MHz.  and  450  MHz;  it  is 
vertically  polarized,  which  makes  it  com- 
patible with  repeaters  and  FM  simplex 
operation 

The  angle  of  radiation  is  relatively  low, 
at  approximately  15°  Irom  the  horizontal 
plane.  Fig.  1  shows  the  angle  of  radiation 
relative  to  a  quarter*wave  vertical  anten- 
na.  The  GDX-2  Is  made  with  a  metal  cou- 
pling that  mounts  on  the  top  of  the  50-239 
connector  to  protect  such  a  connector 
from  the  weather. 

For  those  of  you  willing  to  take  the 


plunge,  the  antenna  is  now  available  from 
US  TET  distributors.  (1  bought  this  one 
from  Sul Ironies.  Inc..  Xema.  Ohio.)  The  an- 
tenna was  bought  by  DARA  (Dayton  Ama- 
teur Radio  Association)  for  evaluation 
purposes;  it  was  given  as  a  door  prize  at 
one  of  the  association  meetings. 

We  paid  the  standard  price  of  $79,95  lor 
the  antenna.  Considering  I  he  wide  band- 
width, the  rugged  construction  and  Its 
performance,  the  price  la  very  good.  The 
alternative  would  be  to  build  three  anten- 
nas and  three  feed  lines  plus  connectors. 


20  40  m  -..  IOC 

fllLD  ST»EK6TH  PEL*TjVE   CZ*  vmF  tx,  H6-52  Vhj  AT  lOO'i  *A*GE> 

Fig.  1.  Angle  of  radiation  relative  to  a  quarter-****  vertical 


The  discone  comes  ahead  financially  af- 
ter making  the  tradeoff. 

For  further  information,  contact  TET 
Antenna  Systems,  W24-E  LV,  Mission 
Road,  Escontfldo  CA  92025;  {714}-743- 
7025,  Reader  Service  number  483 

Al  Torres  KP4AQI 

Technical  Chairman 

Qeyton  Amateur  Radio  Assn. 


References 

1.  TET  Antenna  Systems,  GDX-2  instruc- 
tion Manual, 

2.  ARRL  Radio  Amateur  Handbook,  1983 
edition,  p.  20-16  lo  20-18. 

3.  Kraus,   J.   D.,   Antennas.   McGraw-Hill 
Book  Co..  New  York  NY.  1950,  p.  420-422 
4  ARRL  Antenna  Handbook,  1976  edition, 
p,57. 


HBM  PRODUCTS 


AEA  RTTY  SOFTWARE 

AEA  has  released  several  new  RTTY 
software  packages  for  the  Commodore 
machines,  The  MBAText  Is  an  advanced 
Morse,  Baudot,  and  RTTY  package  for  the 
VIC -20  or  C-64,  and  includes  a  keyboard 
overlay  for  easy  operation.  The  program 
includes  RTTY  and  ASCtJ  speed-estimate 
mode,  as  well  as  automatic  speed  track- 
ing and  lock -on  capabilities  Dedicated 
function  keys,  message  buffers,  and  hard- 
copy  and  magnetic  media  storage  all 
make  for  easy,  full -capability  operation 

The  AEA  Mieropatch™  is  a  low -cost 
Morse.  Baudot,  and  ASCII  softwares 
hardware  interface  package,  The  Micro- 
patch  incorporates  the  MBAText  software 
ROW,  and  adds  dual-channel  mark  and 
spece  Chebyshev  active  fillers,  Auto- 
matic threshold  correction  makes  for 
good  copy  when  one  tone  is  obliterated 
by  QRM  or  selective  fading.  Several  shifts 
are  switch  selectable,  and  the  tripie-LED 
indicator  creates  an  easy  tuning  environ- 
ment. 

AEA  has  also  produced  two  AMTOR 
products,  the  AMTORTeat™  and  the  Mi 
croAMTOR  Patch™  AMTORText  will 
allow  the  Commodore  €4  to  be  used  as  an 
AMTOR  terminal  with  all  the  features.  The 
memnj riven  program  makes  it  easy  to 
run,  and  comes  complete  with  SELCALL. 
AflO.  and  break-in  operation  capabilities. 

Combine  the  AMTORText  program  with 
nigh-quality  hardware,  and  you  get  Micro- 
AMTOR  Patch  Four  pote  active  filters, 
automatic  PTT,  and  an  EXAR  2206  sine 
generator  make  this  interlace  capable  of 
copying  through  severe  ORM. 

For  more  information,  contact  Advanced 

110     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


Electronic  Applications,  Inc.,  PO  Box 
&2160,  Lynnwood  WA  93036,  {206^775- 
7373. 

BHCTS  NEW  BHC— 
THE  BIG  HAM  CLOCK 

BHC  Inc.,  has  Just  introduced  their  Gig 
Ham  Clock,  the  latest  of  targe  I  i  quid-cry  s- 
tal-dispiay  clocks  In  small  packages,  The 
clock  has  two  large  (5/8"  tail!  LCD  mod- 
ules, one  for  local  time  112  Of  24-hour 
type)  and  one  for  GMT,  Each  clock  module 
can  be  programmed  for  your  desired  com- 
bination ot:  month/day  hours* minutes, 
seconds,  and  set  to  WWV  ihacJq. 

Each  of  the  big  modules  will  run  one  to 
three  years  on  the  replaceable  baitery. 
Both  modules  are  mounted  in  a  black 
anodized  desk-top  frame. 

The  Big  Ham  Clock  Is  available  from 
amateur  radio  dealers  and  distributors,  or 


may  be  ordered  directly  from  &HC.  toe , 
17  W  Woodhead.  Houston  TX  7701  §. 
Reader  Service  number  477, 


NEMAL'S  SATELLITE 
CONTROL  CABLE 

Nemai  Electronics  International,  Inc., 
has  just  Introduced  a  new  type  of  combin- 
ation cable  designed  for  the  satellite 
television  Industry.  As  a  supplier  ol  cable, 
connectors,  and  SMATV  products  to  the 
satellite  television  market  for  over  seven 
years.  Nam  a  I  has  responded  to  a  need  for 
an  all-purpose  cable  for  TVRO  Installa- 
tions 

Consisting  of  nine  individual  conduc- 
tors plus  a  96 Va  copper-shielded  RG5MJ 
coaxial  line,  the  Nemai  SCC  (Satellite 
Control  Cable)  provides  for  all  the  require- 
ments of  most  TVRO  equipment  in  on*  di- 
rect burial  cable  On  the  nine  conductors, 
there  are  five  f22-gauge  standard  copper, 
two  22 -gauge  shielded  with  a  third  drain 
wire,  and  two  f"  IB-gauge  wires,  At  I  wires 
are  color  coded  to  industry  standards  tor 
easy  Identification. 

Nemal  SCC  Is  available  in  500-  and 
1000-foot  rolls,  as  well  as  by  the  foot.  For 


BHC's  Big  Ham  Clock. 


additional  information,  piease  contact 
Hemal  Electronics  International,  inc, 
12240  HE  Uth  Avenue.  North  Miami  FL 
33167;  f305rSB3-3924  Reader  Service 
number  47B 


INFORMATION  PACKETS  BY 
H.  STEWART  DESIGNS 

H.  Stewart  Designs  recently  announced 
the  availability  of  Its  design-Information 
packet  for  a  unique  indoor  antenna  called 
the  DX  Hidden  Asset  Loop  Antenna.  This 
antenna  is  Intended  for  use  by  apartment 
and  condo  dwellers,  and  others  who  are 
frustrated  by  antenna  space  restrictions. 
An  antenna  made  from  the  information 
supplied  has  a  vertically-polarized  omnidi- 
rectional radiation  pattern  ideal  for  work- 
mg  mobiles  and  for  DXmg 

Intended  for  mounting  In  an  attic  or 
crawl  space  {and  outdoors,  too.  if  you 
should  be  lucky  enough  to  have  roof 
space  available)  a  DX  Hidden  Asset  Loop 
Antenna  built  for  the  ten- meter  band 
would  be  only  40  inches  tall  and  55  inches 
in  diameter,  it  is  electrically  balanced,  in- 
dependent of  ground,  and  does  not  re- 
quire radial s  or  a  ground  connection. 

Constructed  from  wire  and  other  sim- 
ple, readily-available  materials,  the  DXHA 
looks  like  two  four-foot  halos  arranged  in 
a  horizontal  plane,  mounted  one  above 
the  other  and  separated  by  a  little  over 
three  feet.  The  two  loops  are  joined  by  two 
vertical  wires  spaced  a  few  Inches  apart, 
and  the  coax  feedline  attaches  to  the  cen- 
ter of  one  of  the  wires  Radiation  is  mainly 
from  the  verticals  and,  possibly,  the 
antenna,  could  be  thought  of  as  top-and- 
txmom  loaded  radial  ore,  although  thai 
has  not  been  suggested  by  the  literature 

If  made  from  aluminum  tubing  and  sup- 
ported by  some  PVC  pipe,  it  would  appear 
as  if  the  antenna  could  be  self -supporting 
and  well  suited  to  outdoor  mounting,  H 
Stewart  Designs  gives  the  construction 
tor  a  wire-end -wood  antenna  but  suggests 
that  other  possibilities  exist.  The  informs- 


lion  package  contains  drawings,  tables  of 
dimensions,  diagrams,  and  assembly 'tun- 
ing instructions  for  several  popular  nigh> 
frequency  amateur  bands  from  two  through 
fifteen  meters. 

We  at  73  mm  be  putting  tooatner  a  ten- 
meter  version  for  evaluation  and  will  re- 
port results  in  trie  Product  Review  section 
within  a  few  months.  Meanwhile,  for  fur- 
ther information,  contact  H.  Stewart  De- 
signs, PO  Box  643,  Oregon  City  OR  97045. 
Reader  Service  number  43 1 . 


GUIDE  TO  RTTY  FREQUENCIES 

Interest  In  monitoring  RTTY  signals  in 
the  shortwave  spectrum  has  caught  the 
fancy  of  thousands  of  hams  and  SWLs. 
Receiving  RTTY  signals  has  been  greatly 
simplified  through  the  use  of  computer 
technology  end  stable  HF  receiving  equip- 
ment, in  keeping  pace  with  this  explosive 
growth,  the  second  edition  of  the  Guide  to 
RTTY  Frequencies  has  double  the  amount 
of  i nformatr on  and  number  of  pages  as 
the  1980  first  edition 

Compiled  and  edited  by  O.  P.  FerraJi, 
the  Guide  to  RTTY  Frequencies  details 
the  frequency,  call  sign,  location,  power, 
speed,  and  shift,  plus  schedules  of  over 
5000  RTTY  stations  and  frequencies  in 
use.  The  booh  is  con ven lent iy  divided  into 
two  separate  lists:  the  first  by  frequency, 
the  second  a  reverse  list  by  callslgn.  In- 
cluded in  the  lists  are  military,  weather, 
aeronaut  leal,  embassy,  press,  traffic,  and 
coastal  RTTY  stations  and  nets.  This  is 
the  most  comprehensive  ii sting  pf  RTTY 
stations  ever  published. 


******* 


pfl 


Micro  tec's  do-tic  converter 


The  introductory  text  provides  an  over- 
view  of  the  techniques  of  RTTY  reception 
with  short  articles  on  Russian  Cyrillic. 
Hell  sen  re  i  bar  teat  signals,  and  an  ex- 
planation of  how  to  use  the  station  lists 
RTTY  newscasts  are  given  specie'  consid- 
eration in  the  Guide.  For  the  first  time  in 
print,  the  Guide  to  RTTY  Frequencies 
gives  definitive  schedules,  details  on 
beam  headings,  "silent  days/1  special 
shift  patterns,  etc.  The  author  gives  some 
advice  on  buying  equipment  just  to  copy 
RTTY  newscasts,  pointing  out  that  the 
number  ot  RTTY  newscasts  that  can  be 
monitored   in   North  America   has  been 


steadily  decreasing  although  activity  In 
ill  other  services  is  expanding. 

For  more  information,  contact  Git  far 
Associates,  inc.,  52  Perk  Avenue,  PO  Box 
239,  Park  Ridge  NJ  07656.  (201/-391-7S37. 
Reader  Service  number  476. 

A  25  W  AMPLIFIER 
FOR  TWO  METERS 

Ham  Industries.  Inc.,  which  recently  ex- 
panded its  product  line,  has  announced 
the  availability  of  Its  first  ham  product,  the 
PA  25.  a  very  compact  25- Watt  amplifier 
for  the  2-meter  band. 


Weighing  B  ounces,  the  PA-2S  can  be  at* 
tacned  to  a  hand-held  or  mounted  to  a  car 
dashboard  with  the  accessory  mounts  in- 
cluded. It  will  boost  outpui  power  up  to  6 
times  for  a  hand-field  transceiver.  An 
adapter  cord  allows  plugging  into  a  ciga- 
rette lighter,  or  a  separate  power  supply 
can  be  used. 

To  order,  or  to  obtain  fun  her  informa- 
llonp  contact  Ham  industries,  fnc„  Inspec- 
tion Products  Division,  83$  Highland  fldl, 
Macedonia  OH  44QSG.  {2i2M67-4256> 
Reader  Service  number  479. 


THE  MICROTEC  50DC1235 
DC-DC  CONVERTER 

Magnum  Distributors,  fnc.f  has  intro- 
duced another  power-conversion  product, 
the  model  50DC1235,  designed  and  manu- 
factured by  Microiec  Inc. 

Tire  model  50DC1235  Is  a  commercial- 
grade,  high-efficiency,  high-current,  con- 
tinuous-duty, dc-oc  converter  Specifica- 
tions: l8-50-V<fc  input,  138-V-oc  output 
at  30  A.  Continuous.  35  A  intermittent  (35 
A  continuous  with  forced  air  cooling): 
regulation:  line  0.1%  temp.  0,5*4.  output 
ripple  and  noise:  less  than  5  mV  rms  at 
max.  load;  efficiency:  83-90%  input  and 
output  protection;  size:  13.§"x3,25HTx 
4+5";  weight  5  lbs.;  construction:  all  non- 
ferrous,  1  year  warranty.  Complete  speci- 
fications upon  request. 

For  additional  information  and  pricing, 
contact  Magnum  Distributors^  inc.,  WOO 
5.  Dixie  My,  W.  #3,  Pompano  Beach  FL 
33060;  (3Q6h78$-2Q0Z  Reader  Service 
number  460. 


CONTESTS 


Robert  Baker  WB2GFE 
16  Windsor  Dr, 
AtcoNJ0BO04 

3RD  ANNUAL  40-METER 

WORLD  SSS  CHAMPIONSHIP 

00002  to  2400Z 

January  7t  1984 

SPONSORED  SV 

73  Amateur  Radio's  Tecnntcai  Journal 

MISCELLANEOUS  RULES: 

Work  as  many  stations  as  possible  on 
40-meter  phone  during  the  specified  times 
of  allowable  operation  The  same  station 
may  be  worked  once  Crossmode  contacts 
will  not  count  Singieoperator  stations  may 
operate  a  total  of  16  hours.  All  multi-opera- 
tor stations  may  operate  the  entire  24-hour 
period.  Off  periods  must  be  noted  In  your 
iog(s)  and  on  your  summary  sheet  Off 
periods  are  no  less  than  30  minutes  each. 

OPERATOR  CLASSES: 

(A)  Single  operator,  single  Transmitter, 
phone  only  (8)  Mutiioperaior.  single  trans 
nutter,  phone  only 

EXCHANGE 

Stations  wtthm  the  continental  48  United 
Slates  and  Canada  transmit  an  RS  report 
and  slate,  province,  or  territory  Aft  other 
stations,  including  Alaska  and  Hawaii, 
iransmit  RS  report  and  DX  country, 

POINTS; 
5  QSO  points  Tor  conlacts  with  VvWE  sta- 


tions located  within  the  continental  48  Unit- 
ed States  and  Canada.  All  other  contacts 
score  10  points  each  List  points  for  each 
contact  on  your  log  sheets) 

MULTIPLIERS 

1  muttiplier  pomi  is  earned  tor  each  US 
state.  48  mammum  ia  District  of  Columbia 
contact  may  oe  substituted  tor  a  Maryland 
multiplier},  each  Canadian  province  or  tew 


lory  H3  maximum),  and  DX  country  (exclud- 
ing the  continental  US  and  Canada) 

FINAL  SCORE 

Total  OSO  points  times  total  multiplier 
points  equals  ctetmed  score 

CONTEST  ENTRIES 

Each  entry  must  Include  a  contest  log,  a 
dupe  sheet,  a  contest  summary,  and  multi- 
plier checklist.  We  recommend  that  con- 
testants send  for  a  copy  of  the  contesl 
forms  Send  an  SASE  to  the  contest  ad- 
dress listed  below 

CONTEST  DEADLINE 

Each  entry  must  be  postmarked  no  later 
than  February  12  1964. 


NEWSLETTER  OF  THE  MONTH 

'The  A.  R  dub  publication  that  tries  to  be  different."  That's  the  self 'proclaimed 
motto  of  Tne  Triple  States  Radio  Amateur  Club's  TSRAC  BNTt  this  month's  contest 
winner.  How  are  they  different  from  most  other  newsletters? 

Wellp  sure,  they  have  news  about  club  members  and  news  about  h amies. ts  and 
special  events.  News  about  past  and  future  happenings,  "The Trading  Post"  classi- 
fieds- Some  paid  advertising.  News  (and  a  coupon)  about  a  new  Novice  class.  FCC 
and  ARRL  news.  Articles  (September  issue)  such  as  'Simulated  Disaster  Turns  into 
the  Real  Thing"  and  "Helping  the  FCC  at  Midnight!"  News  about  the  newsletter 
Itseif — editorial  and  subscription  info,  Letters  to  the  Editor.  News  "From  the 
Editor's  Desk"  for  readers.  Some  photos  of  hams  in  action.  ARES  news,  A  League 
membership  application.  More  news. 

Get  the  picture?  News,  news,  news — crammed  into  this  24oege  single-spaced 
issue.  Editor  Ralph  McOonough  KBAN's  Club  doesn't  get  this  award  for  news, 
though  They  pel  it  tor  taking  the  time  and  an  awful  lot  of  space  to  congratulate  and 
recognize  club  members  for  their  personal  and  club  efforts.  They  try  to  be  different 
by  doing  this  and  we  feel  that  they  more  than  succeed. 

Our  congratulations  go  out  to  Ralph,  his  helpers  {however  unsung),  and  TSRAC 
for  a  job  very  weft  done. 

To  enter  your  club's  news  tetter  In  73  s  Newsletter  of  the  Month  Contest,  send 
It  to  73,  Pine  Street,  Peterborough  NH  03*58,  Attn:  Newsletter  of  the  Month, 


DISQUALIFICA  TIQNS 

Omission  of  any  required  entry  form, 
operating  in  excess  of  legal  power,  manip- 
ulating of  contest  scores  or  times  to 
achieve  a  score  advantage,  or  failure  to 
omit  duplicate  contacts  which  would  re- 
duce the  overall  score  more  than  2%  are 
all  grounds  for  immediate  disqualifica- 
tion Decisions  of  Ihe  contest  committee 
are  final 

AWARDS: 

Contest  awards  well  be  issued  in  each 
operator  class  in  each  of  the  continental 
40  United  States,  Canadian  provinces  and 
territories,  and  each  DX  country  repre- 
sented A  minimum  of  100  QSOs  must  be 
worked  to  be  eligible  for  contest  awards 

CONTEST  ADDRESS 

To  obtain  entry  forms  or  to  submit  an 
entry,  contact  40-Meter  Contest.  Dennis 
Younger  NE6t.  43261  Si  nth  Street  East, 
Lancaster  C A  93535. 


3RD  ANNUAL  75-METER 

WORLD  SSB  CHAMPIONSHIP 

00002  to  2400Z 

January  8,  1984 

SPONSORED  BY: 

73  Amateur  Radio's  Technical  Journal 

MISCELLANEOUS  RULES. 

Work  as  many  stations  as  possitMe  on 
7*KT>eter  pixine  during  the  specified  times 
of  allowable  operation.  The  same  station 
may  be  worked  once  Crossmode  contacts 
will  not  count  Single-opera  to*  stations  may 
operate  a  total  of  16  hours.  All  mulii  opera- 
tor si  at  ions  may  operate  the  en  lire  24-hour 
period  Off  periods  must  be  noted  in  your 
loots)  and  on  your  summary  sheet  Off 
periods  are  no  /ess  Than  30  mtnutes  each. 

73  Magazine  •  January,  1984    111 


OPERATOR  CLASSES 

(A)  Single  operator  sing>e  transmitter 
phone  only  {By  Mu  Hi  operator  sjngle  trans 
mine*,  phone  only. 

EXCHANGE, 

Stations  wilhin  the  conllnenlai  46  United 
States  and  Canada  transmit  an  RS  report 
and  stale,  province,  of  territory.  All  other 
stations,    including    Alaska    and    Hawaii 
transmit  RS  report  and  OX  country 

POINTS 

5  QSO  points  for  contacts  with  VWE  5 la 
t tons  located  wilNm  the  continental  *&  Unit 
orj  Stales  and  Canada   All  other  coniacis 
score  10  points  each   List  points  for  each 
contact  on  your  log  sheet  ts) 

ktULTtPUERS: 

1  multiplier  point  is  earned  tor  each  US 
state,  48  rnaiimtim  (a  Oislnct  of  Columbia 
contact  may  he  substituted  for  a  Maryland 
multiplier!,  each  Canadian  province  or  tern 
tory  <13  maximum),  and  DX  country  {exclud- 
ing the  continental  US  and  Canada) 

FINAL  SCORE: 

Total  QSO  points  times  total  multiplier 
poinls  equals  claimed  score 

CONTEST  ENTRIES 

Each  entry  must  include  a  contest  log,  a 
dupe  sheet,  a  contest  summary,  and  multi- 
plier check  list  We  recommend  thai  con 
res  I  ants  send  for  a  copy  of  the  contest 
forms  Send  an  SASE  to  (he  contest  ad 
dress  listed  below 

CONTEST  DEADLINE 

Each  entry  must  be  postmarked  no  later 
lhan  February  12.  1964 

DISQUALIFICATIONS 

OmiSS*on  ot  any  required  entry  form, 
operating  in  excess  of  legal  power  mamp 
utating  of  contest  scores  or  times  to 
achieve  a  score  advantage,  or  failure  to 
omit  duplicate  coniacis  which  would  re- 
duce the  overall  score  more  than  2%  are 
all  grounds  tor  immediate  disqualified 
tion  Decisions  of  the  coniesl  committee 
are  final 

AWARDS 

Contest  awards  wtli  be  issued  m  each 
operator  class  m  each  of  the  continental 
4£  United  States.  Canadian  provinces  and 
territories,  and  each  OX  country  repre- 
sented A  minimum  ol  100  QSOs  must  be 
worked  lo  be  eligible  for  contest  awards 

CONTEST  ADDRESS: 

To  obtain  entry  forms  or  to  submri  an 
entry,  comae*.  75-Meter  Contest,  Jose  A 
Castillo  N4BAA  1832  Highland  Drive 
Amelia  island  Ft  32034 


RATS  NEST  AND  CROOKED 
STICK  IV 

21002  January  8  to 
0100Z  January  9 

This  antenna  experimenter's  contest 
sprint  is  sponsored  by  the  Issaquah  Ama- 
teur Radio  Club.  A  Rats  Nest  and  Crooked 
Stick  antenna  is  100  feet  maximum  of 
single-concucior  wire  isond  or  stranded), 
any  configuration.  Feedhne  will  not  have 
to  count  as  part  of  the  100  feet  unless  it  is 
coaxial  cable.  Antenna  height  Is  limited  to 
20  feet  at  I  he  center  of  high  current,  i.e.. 
center  of  d  I  pole,  center  of  quad,  base  of 
i/4-wave  vertical.  Transmitter  power  shall 
be  250  Watts  or  less  (dc  Input). 


CALENDAR 


Jan  7 

j*n  a 

Jan  14-15 
Jan  14-15 

Jan  14-15 
Jan  20-22 

Jan  21  -22 
Jan  27-29 
Jan  28-29 
Jan  28-  Fab  5 
Feb  4-5 
Feb  4-5 
Feb  4-5 
Feb  4-5 
Feb  11-12 
Fab  18-19 
Feb  18-19 
Feb  18-19 
Fab  24-26 
Feb  25 
Mar  3-4 
Mar  17-1 B 
Mar  17-18 
Mar  17-18 
Jul  13-15 
Aug  11-12 
Aug  24-27 
Sep  22-23 


73  40-Meter  World  SSB  Championship 

73  75-Meler  World  SSB  Championship 

73  180- Meter  World  55 B  Championship 

Hunting  Lions  in  the  Air  Contest 

ARRL  VHF  Sweepstakes 

45  WAS  SSTV  Contest 

North  Dakota  QSO  Party 

CO  Worldwide  160* Meier  DX  Contest- CW 

Michigan  YL  QSO  Party 

ARRL  Novice  Roundup 

South  Carolina  QSO  Parly 

Arizona  OSO  Party 

Vermont  OSO  Party 

Zero  District  QSO  Party 

Dutch  PACC  Contest 

American  Radio  Club  International  DX  Contest 

YL-1SSB  Commo  System  QSO  Party— Phone 

ARRL  DX  Contest— CW 

CO  Worldwide  1 80-Meter  OX  Contest— SSB 

RTTY  World  Championship 

ARRL  DX  Contest— Phone 

YL-tSSB  Commo  System  QSO  Party— CW 

Bermuda  Contest 

Spring  QRP  CW  Activity  Weekend 

AS  International  SSTV-DX  Contest 

New  Jersey  OSO  Party 

AS  North  American  UHF  FSTV  DX  Contest 

Late  Summer  QRP  CW  Activity  Weekend 


FREQUENCIES: 

CW— 21.060  to  21200  MHz. 
SSB— 21.350  to  21,450  MHz 

EXCHANGE 

Name,  location  (QTH),  type  of  antenna, 
I  ARC  member— yes  or  no. 

SCORING 

CW  contact— 21.060  to  21.099  MHz,  5 
points:  CW  contact— 21 100  to  21200 
MHz,  10  points;  SS8  Contact— 21  350  to 
21  450  MHz  2  points. 

A  station  may  be  contacted  once  on 
SSB  and  once  on  CW.  Each  dope  the  con 
test  committee  finds  Is  penalized  by  a 
loss  ot  10  points. 

Bonus  points  awarded  as  follows:  each 
new  stale  worked,  3  points;  worked  all 
seventh-call -area  states  (8),  50  points: 
worked  aft  states  (501  75  points;  each  new 
call  area  worked,  5  points:  worked  all  ten 
US  call  areas.  35  points;  7  or  more  CW 
contacts,  25  points;  15  or  more  CW  con 
tacts,  75  points:  each  DX  contact  (KH& 
KL7.  VE,  XE,  JA,  etc.).  5  points. 

CATEGORIES: 

1.  Non-IARC  member  using  a  Rats  Nesl 
and  Crooked  Stick  antenna.  2.  IARC 
member  using  a  Rats  Nesl  and  Crooked 


Stick  antenna,  3.  (ARC  member  using  a 
conventional  base-station  antenna.  4  A 
station  making  contact  with  three  IARC 
members  during  contest. 

AWARDS: 

In  each  of  the  above  categories  1,2,  and 
3:  A.  High  overall  score,  B.  High  CW  score 
(without  bonus),  C.  High  SSB  score  (with- 
out bonus),  D.  High  Novice/Technician 
score.  E-  Participant  (1  hour  or  more 
operation) 

In  category  4:  Mflat  Catcher"  certificate. 

ENTRIES: 

By  February  1,  1984,  submit  summary 
sheet-points  per  mode*  bonus  points 
earned,  total  points  earned,  name,  call, 
address,  complete  description  of  antenna 
and  equipment  used,  license  class.  Log 
sheet— lime,  cell,  frequency,  mode,  ex- 
change, 

For  Rat  Catcher  entries,  submit  log 
sheet  showing  three  contacts  with  Issa- 
quah  Amateur  Radio  Club  members 
during  contest, 

At  I  correspondence  must  include  an 
SASE  sent  to:  Issaquah  Amateur  fladiu 
CJub,  Bob  Farnworth  KB7NV,  6822  131  St 
Ave,  S,E,,  Bellevue  WA  98006.  All  dec! 
stons  of  the  contesi  committee  will  be 
final. 


RESULTS 

1983  ARIZONA  QSO  PARTY 

Arizona  Stations 

Call 

QTH 

Score 

'K6U 

Yuma  County 

75,468 

-KB7K2 

Pima  County 
Hon- Arizona  Stations 

16,965 

•W5PWG 

Texas 

200 

W5WG 

Louisiana 

170 

*  Certificate  winner 

5TH  ANNUAL  160-METER 

WORLD  SSB  CHAMPIONSHIP 

0OO0Z  January  14, 1984  to 

24O0Z  January  15, 1984 

SPONSORED  BY 
73:  Amateur  Radio's  Technical  Journal 

OBJECT 

To  worta  as  many  stations  as  possible  on 
160-meter  phone  m  a  maximum  of  32  hours 
allowable  contest  time  Muiii -operator  sta 
lions  may  operate  the  entire  4&*iour  contest 
period  Stations  may  be  worked  only  once 

ENTRY  CATEGORIES 

(A)  Single  operator  srrvgle  transmitter 
phone  only  (B|  Mull iopera lor  single  trans 
FTfcittef,  phone  only 

EXCHANGE 

Stations  wttfen  the  continental  US  anc 
Canada  transmit  f*S  report  and  state  or  pn> 
vYncertemlory  Ail  others  iransrtMi  RS  report 
ami  OX  counify 

POINTS 

5  QSO  pom  Is  tor  contact  with  VWVE  sta 
lions  contacted  waihin  the  continental   4fl 
Umied  Scales  and  Canada  AM  other  contacts 
earn  TO  points  each 

MULTtPuERS 

1  multiplier  point  #iN  be  earned  for  each  of 
I  he  continental  United  States  48  ma*tmum 
la  Dtstnci  ol  Columbia  coniact  may  be  sub- 
stituted tot  a  Maryland  multiplier),  each  ot 
the  Canadian  provinces;!  err  it  ones  ji3  max 
■mum),  and  each  DX  country  i  miMite  the  con- 
tinental 46  United  States  and  Canada. 

FINAL  SCORF 

Total  OSO  points  times  total  multiplier 
points  equals  claimed  score 

CONTEST  ENTRIES 

Each  entry  must  include  »og  sheets,  dupe 
sheet  tor  100  o*  more  contacts,  a  contest 

summary  and  a  multiplier  check  sheet. 

ENTRY  DEADLINE 

Ail  entries  must  be  postmarked  no  later 
than  February  t9.  19B4 

DX  WINDOW 

Stations  are  expected  to  observe  tne  DX 
window  from  t  825-  V83Q  MH?  as  mutually 
agreed  by  Copland  operators  Stations  m  the 
US  and  Canada  are  asked  not  lo  transmit  in 
this  5*  Hz  segment  of  the  band  During  the 
contesi,  all  W/VE  stations  are  requested  to 
uiiliie  only  those  frequencies  Irom 
l  806-1.B2S  and  1  830-1. 300  MH.> 

DtSQUAUFiCATlQNS 

Disqualification  may  result  it  a  contestant 
omits  any  requited  entry  form  operates  m  en 
cess  of  legal  power  authorized  tor  hisAier 
given  area,  manipulates  operaling  times  Co 
achieve  a  score  advantage  or  tails  to  orrrn 
duplicate  coniacis  which  reduce  the  overall 
score  more  than  2%.  Oecisjona  ol  ihe  con- 
test committee  are  Imal 

AWARDS 

Contest  awards  w<l"  be  issued  in  each  en- 
iry  category  in  each  of  the  continental  United 
States  each  Canadian  pto¥incertemtory> 
and  each  DX  country  A  mint  mum  of  100 
QSOs  must  be  worked  to  qualify 

CONTEST  ADDRESS: 

To  obtain  informal  ion  or  entry  forms  (en. 
close  an  SASE)  or  to  suborn  a  contest  entry. 
contact:  160-Meter  Contest.  Harry  Arsenauii 
KlPUt  603  Powell  Avenue,  Ene  PA  16505 


112     73  Magazine  ■  January,  1984 


HUNTING  LIONS  IN  THE  AIR 

CONTEST 

Starts;  1200  GMT  January  14 

Ends:    1200  GMT  January  15 

The  contest  Is  sponsored  by  Uons 
Clubs  International  and  coordinated  by 
Uons  Club  F!lo  da  Janeiro  Arpoador, 
Brazil.  Participation  in  ihe  contest  Is  open 
to  ail  duly  licensed  radio  operators.  Lion 
and  non-Lion.  There  are  two  modes: 
phone  and  CW  Participation  in  both 
modes  is  allowed  but  points  are  counted 
separately-  All  amateur  stations  particr- 
paring  must  operate  within  their  licensing 
regulation  Separate  categories  wMI  exist 
(or  single  operators  and  radio  clubs/so- 
cieties  Multi-operators  may  participate 
as  long  as  they  do  noi  operate  simulta- 
neously with  the  same  callsign.  However, 
each  callsign  used  must  be  listed  on  the 

log 

Use  all  bands.  60,  40.  20.  15.  and  TO 
meters  Only  one  OSO  with  the  same  sta- 
tion on  each  band  may  be  counied  Re- 
member that  phone  and  CW  are  counted 
separately! 

EXCHANGE: 

RS(T1  and  sequential  QSO  number. 
When  a  contact  la  made  with  any  Lion, 
Lao.  or  Lioness,  the  name  of  the  club  con- 
Lac  ted  should  be  clearly  identified, 

SCORING: 

OSOs  within  the  same  continent  count 
1  point  while  those  between  different  con- 
tinents count  3  points.  Score  10  extra 
bonus  points  tor  each  QSO  with  a  member 
of  a  Lion.  Lioness,  or  Leo  Club  horn  a  dif- 
ferent country  or  5  points  within  the  same 
country.  Score  20  bonus  points  for  a  QSO 
wllh  a  member  of  the  Lions  Club  Rio  de 
Janeiro  Arpoador.  Contacts  between  Bra* 
Hi i an  stations  and  members  of  the  Ar- 
poador club  will  count  onty  5  extra  points, 
Contacts  between  members  of  the  Ar- 
poador club  will  noi  count  any  bonus 
points. 

AWARDS: 

For  single-operator  entries.  Lions  Clubs 
International  will  present  trophies  for 
first,  second,  and  third  places  on  both 
modes-  Fourth  through  tenth  places  will 
receive  plaques.  In  addition,  each  partici- 
pant sending  a  log  with  a  minimum  of  5 
contacts  wilt  receive  a  special  certificate 
The  contest  committee  will  at  so  select 
and  reward  the  most  active  Lions  Pub 
participating  in  the  contest. 

ENTRIES: 

Keep  a  separata  log  for  each  mode. 
Each  participant  will  note  In  the  log  the 
callsign  and  Information  exchanged,  Con- 
firmation of  contacts  will  be  made  by 
comparing  the  logs  of  the  participants. 
Participants  should  send  their  logs  by  a  if 
mail  no  later  than  Feb.  5  to:  Contest  Com- 
mittee,  Hunting  Uons  m  the  Air,  Uons 
Club  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  Arpoador,  Rua  Sao 
Francisco  Xavier  #246.  Apt.  407,  22550  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  RJ.  Brazil, 


AS  WAS  SSTV  CONTEST 
Starts:  1800  EDT  January  20 
Ends:    1800  EDT  January  22 

This  is  the  3rd  annual  contest  spon- 
sored by  A5  ATV  Magazine  The  object  is 
to  work  as  many  different  US  states  as 
possible  on  the  video  mode.  All  contacts 
must  be  in  video  form  with  a  minimum  of 
callsign  and  RSV  signal  reports  sent  and 
received.  Count  10  points  per  SSTV  QSO 
regardless  of  location,  with  100  points 
awarded  for  each  new  state.  Contacts 
with  Alaska  or  Hawaii  on  SSTV  count  500 


points.  Top  scorer  will  receive  a  free 
3-year  subscription  to  A5  ATV  Magazine 
with  1-year  subscriptions  going  to  District 
leaders  AM  entrants  will  receive  a  special 
gold  speciaUzedcommun  teat  ions  cer- 
tificate suitable  for  framing.  Logs  must  be 
sent  to:  Contest  Manager.  ^5  ATV  Maga- 
zine, PO  Box  H,  Lowden  IA  52265  Indicate 
state  and  score  on  the  front  of  the  enve- 
lope. Logs  and  photos  sent  will  be  re- 
lumed at  the  close  of  the  contest  judging 
period  Results  should  be  published  in  the 
March  or  April.  1984,  issue  of  AS  ATV 
Magazine 


NORTH  DAKOTA  QSO  PARTY 
0000  to  0800  and  1600  to  2400 

GMT  January  21 
0800  to  1600  GMT  January  22 

Sponsored  again  by  the  Red  fliver 
Radio  Amateurs  of  Fargo  ND  Work  sta- 
tions once  per  band  and  mode. 

EXCHANGE: 

RSfT)  and  state,  province,  country,  or 
North  Dakota  county, 

FREQUENCIES; 

Phone— 1835,  3905,  7280,  14295.  213B0, 
285B0. 

CW— 1810.  3540.  7035,  14035.  21035. 
26035. 

Novice—3725,  7125.  21125.  28125 

SCORING. 

Phone  contacts  count  10  points.  CW  20 
points,  and  RTTY  50  points.  North  Dakota 
stations  count  an  additional  100-point 
bonus  for  working  live  Novices  North 
Dakota  stations  multiply  score  toy  total  of 
stales,  provinces,  and  countries  worked. 
Others  multiply  by  the  number  of  North 
Dakota  counties  worked  (max  53) 

ENTRtES&  AWARDS 

Certificates  to  state,  province,  and 
country  winners,  Plaque  to  North  Dakota 
winner  and  highest  scorer  outside  North 
Dakota.  Mail  logs  by  February  28  th  to: 
Mike  Beaton  KD9A.  2267  Flickertail  Dr., 
FarflQ  ND  58103.  Include  a  large  SASE  for 
results. 


CO  WORLDWIDE  160  METER 

CONTEST-CW 
Starts;  2200  GMT  January  27 
Ends:    1600  GMT  January  29 

Operating  classes  include  both  single 
and  multJ-operator  (maximum  of  5  ops  per 
station). 

EXCHANGE: 

RST  pius  QTH,  and  state  for  USA,  prov- 
ince tor  Canadian, 

SCORING: 

Con  I  acts  with  stations  within  own 
country  are  2  points,  other  countries  but 
same  continent  are  5  points,  other  con- 
tinents are  10  points  KH6  and  KL7  are 
considered  countries. 

Multipliers  are  each  US  state,  V£  pro- 
vince, and  DX  country.  USA  and  Canada 
are  not  country  multipliers.  However, 
there  are  three  VEi  provinces:  New  Bruns- 
wick, Nova  Scotia,  and  Prince  Edward 
Island.  Final  score  is  total  OSO  points 
times  the  sum  of  the  multipliers.  Mari- 
time-mobile scoring  will  be  determined  by 
the  location. 

AWARDS; 

Certificates  to  the  top  scorers  In  each 
class  in  each  US  state.  VE  province,  and 
DX   country,    Special    plaques    are   also 


being  awarded  for  top  USA,  Europe,  and 
world  scores. 

PENALT1ES; 

Three  additional  contacts  will  be  de- 
leted from  the  score  for  each  duplicate, 
false,  or  unverihabte  contact  removed 
from  the  log.  A  second  multiplier  will  also 
be  removed  for  each  one  lost  by  this 
action. 

Violation  of  the  rules  and  regulations 
pertaining  to  amateur  radio  in  the  country 
of  the  contestant  or  the  rules  of  the  con- 
test, unsportsmanlike  conduct,  or  taking 
credit  for  excessive  duplicate  contacts  or 
multipliers  will  be  deemed  sufficient 
cause  for  disqualification.  Disqualified 
stations  or  operators  may  be  barred  from 
competing  In  CQ  contests  for  a  period  of 
up  to  three  years. 

ENTRIES: 

Sample  log  and  summary  sheets  may 
be  obtained  from  CQ  by  sending  a  large 
SASE  with  sufficient  postage  to  cover 
your  request.  It  is  not  necessary  to  use  the 
official  form,  you  can  use  your  own.  Logs 
should  have  40  contacts  per  page  and 
show  lime  in  GMT,  numbers  sent  and  re- 
ceived, and  separate  columns  for  QSO 
points  and  multipliers.  Indicate  the  multi- 
plier only  the  first  time  It  Is  worked 

Include  a  summary  sheet  with  your  en- 
try showing  the  scoring  and  other  essen- 
tial information,  and  a  signed  declaration 
trial  all  rutes  and  regulations  have  been 
observed  Mailing  deadline  for  CW  entries 
is  Feb  28.  Logs  can  be  sent  directly  to  the 
160  Com  est  Director.  Don  McCJenon 
N4 IN,  3075  Florida  Avenue,  Melbourne  FL 
32901,  USA.  Alternatively,  they  can  be 
sent  to  CO  160-Meter  Contest,  76  North 
Broadway,  Hlcksvllle  NY  11801,  USA. 
Please  Indicate  "CW"  on  the  envelope! 


MICHIGAN  YL  QSO  PARTY 
Starts:  1800  GMT  January  28 
Ends;    1800  GMT  January  20 

Sponsored  by  The  Auto  State  Young 
Ladles  (TASYLs).  No  crossband  nel,  or  re- 
peater OSOs  are  allowed,  Each  station 
can  be  contacted  only  once, 

EXCHANGE 

RSfT).  QTH.  and  TASYL  number  (for 
members* 

SCORING: 

Score  one  point  per  OSO  a\fui  multiply 
by  %  If  on  CW,  Multiply  again  by  2  if  TASYL 
member.  Multiply  QSO  points  by  number 
of  different  ARRL  sections  and  DX  coun- 
tries worked. 

ENTRIES: 

Send  fogs  to  TASYL  President  Carol 
Nail  WD6DQG,  4651  Cardinal  Dr  .  Ml. 
Pleasant  Ml  48856.  Entries  must  be  re- 
ceived by  February  251ft 

The  TASYL  Certificate  may  also  be 
earned  during  the  QSO  Party  for  working 
TASYL  members.  Charter  members  1  thru 
50  count  2  points  while  all  other  members 
count  1  point.  Michigan  stations  need  15 
points  while  others  only  need  10  points. 
To  apply  for  the  award,  send  a  signed  and 
dated  log  showing  the  date  and  time  of 
contacts,  caiisigns,  frequencies.  RST 
and  TASYL  numbers  Certification  giving 
date  and  QTH  must  be  on  the  original  ap- 
plication and  signed  by  one  of  the  fol- 
lowing: 2  licensed  amateurs,  Gener 
am  lass  or  higher  (n  on- family),  one  official 
of  a  recognized  club,  or  a  notary  public. 
Include  S1  to  cover  mailing  costs,  etc.. 
and  submit  applications  to  Carol  Hall 
WDdDQG.  4651  Cardinal  Drive.  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant Ml  48858. 


3RD  ANNUAL 

RTTY  WORLD  CHAMPIONSHIP 

0000Z  to  2400Z 

February  25,  1984 

SPONSORED  BY 

73    Amateur   Radio's    Technical  Journal 

and  The  RTTY  Journal 

OPERATOR  CLASSES 

fAi  Single  operator  singte  transmitter  iQ, 
Mulh -operate  single  transmitter 

ENTRY  CA  TEGORJES 
(A)  Single  band  iB)  Aiipand  lOnSO  meters 

EXCHANGE 

Stations  withm  The  46  continental  United 
States  and  Canada  rnjjsi  iransmii  RST  and 
stale  or  provincertemtory  An  others  must 
transmit  AST  and  consecutive  contact 
number 


MISCELLANEOUS  RULES 

The  same  station  may  be  worked  once  on 
eacn  band  Crossmode  contacts  do  noi 
count  Singieoperator  stations  may  work  16 
hourg  maximum,  while  multi-operator  sla 
uons  may  operate  the  entire  24  hour  period 
Oft  times  are  no  less,  I  ban  30  minutes  each 
and  rmiSt  be  noted  m  your  log(si 

QSOPOiNTS 

5  QSO  points  for  contacts  wrth  WVE  Sta 
lions  located  «tifwi  me  continental  united 
Stales  and  Canada  !0  OSO  points  for  all  oth- 
er contacts 

MULTIPLIER  POINTS: 

i  multiplier  point  is  awarded  lor  each  of 
the  48  con i menial  United  Slates  (a  District  of 
Columbia  contact  may  be  Substituted  lor  a 
Maryland  multiplier)  Canadian  provinces'!  er 
ntor*es  and  DX  counrrnes  wonted  on  each 
band  teidutfing  US  and  Canada) 

FINAL  PQtNTS 

Total  OSO  points  limes  iota*  muih oners 
equals  cta'/ned  score 

CONTEST  ENTRIES: 

Entries  must  include  a  separate  log  tor 
each  band,  a  dupe  sheet  a  summary  sneel  a 
multiplier  cneckiisl  and  a  list  of  equipment 
used  Contestants  are  asked  io  send  an 
SASE  to  the  contest  address  For  official 
forms 


ENTRY  DEADLINE 

All  entries  must  be  postmarked  no  later 

than  April  15,  1984 


DISQUALfFrVA  TJQNS 

Omission  of  me  required  entry  forms 
operating  m  excess  of  legal  power,  maoip 
giahng  scores  or  times  to  achieve  a  score  ad 
vantage,  or  failure  to  omit  duplicate  contacts 
which  would  reduce  the  overall  score  more 
than  2*p  are  all  grounds  for  immediate  dis 
qualification  Decisions  of  the  contest  com 
mittee  are  final. 

AWARDS 

Contest  awards  will  be  issued  m  each  en 
try  category  and  operator  class  m  each  of  the 
US  call  districts  and  Canadian  pfovinces/ter 
manes  as  well  as  *n  each  DX  country  repre- 
sented Other  awards  may  be  issued  at  the 
discretion  of  the  awards  committee  A  mm 
i  mum  of  25  OSOs  must  be  worked  to  be  elig 
ible  tor  awards. 

CONTEST  ADDRESS 

RTTY  World  Championship,  c/o  The  RTTY 
Journal.  PO  Box  RY.  Cardifl  CA  92007 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     113 


ADVERTISERS 


■PImm  contact  these  taVertfMn  dtrvcfly. 

To  receive  full  information  from  our  advertis- 
jrs  please  complete  the  postage-paid  card. 


R.S.  No. 


Page       ft.  S.  Ho 


P*g«       ft  S.  Ho. 


Pao*       iVS.Ho 


Pio* 


AEA/Aovanced  Electronic 
Applications 43, 1 10 

127  Advanced  Computer  Conlrol 5 

. .  *  ♦ , . , 132 

98     Alpha  Delta  Communications 

74.75 
Amateur  Communications,  Etc. 

51 

Amateur  Electronic  Supply 

*    ■     1      1     ■     *    ft    4    *.'+    «■   ■      ■     t     ■     i      ■     *     1      I   SP|   VWp  U    I  1    VV 

243  Amateur  Wholesale  Electronics 

■  ■■■■■'■■■■■■■-■■■■.■■.■■■(■ll'll  ■       WW 

109  Analog  Technology  ....  118 

ARAL  National  Convention  . . , . ,  30 
Astron  Power  Supplies,  ,  .  .39 

447  BHCJnc 110 

*       BMG  Engineering ....119 

1 1  Barker  i  Williamson, Inc. 28 

305  Barry  Electronics 23 

Barter  N'Buy 117p  US 

Bill  Ashbv  &Son 41 

Blacks  burg  Group 137 

Break  Comm.  Systems,  Inc 

Butternut  Electronics.  131 

12  CZLatos ..., 24 

4*2  CESJnc  45 

1 1 1   Ceco  Comm  un  teat  ions.  Inc. 

15     Coin  International  1*9 

14  Communications  Concepts,  mc 

63 

15  Communications  Specialists.  Inc. 

73 

34     Communications  Specialists,  Inc. 
139 


117  Communications  Specialists,  tnc. 

Computer  Trader 101 

140  Contact  East 1 19 

37     Contemporary  Technology,  Inc 


131  Continental  Satellite  Systems 

S3 

25    Control  Products^  Unlimited 

...101 

87     Current  Electronics  * 

» * ■ .83 

141  GuBhcraft  Corp,  ,  , ,  . 

7& 

106  Gush  era  ft  Corp 

.63 

DCC  Data  Service 

....53 

346  Dala  Service  *  *  t , .-. 

i  .  . - yo 

Dayton  Ham  vent  Ion 

.34,87 

425  Doppler  Systems     ( 

. ,  14a 

EGEJnc 

.55 

120  E lee tra  Company 

T      1      .      ■      P   O 

18     Electronic  Specialists,  Inc 

45 

135  Encomm,  Inc 

133 

29    Esoteric  Engineering  . 

119 

22    Fair  Radio  Sates 

1*9 

99    Faxscan 

18 

23     FlesherCorp.  

45 

88    Fox-Tango  Corp. ,  , 

4 

147  Fox-TanonCorp 

119 

95    FonTango  Corp. 

63 

178  Galaxy  Beet ronics  . 

ne 

476  Giffer  Associates  ... 

...ut 

229  Gizmo  Electronics  -24 

143  G  LB  Electronics  86 

481  H,  Stewart  Designs . . .  1  TO 

31     HaJ-TroniK  . .  62 

479  Ham  Indus  tries.  Inc. . 111 

101  Ham  Masters  Tapes  . .  13 

Ham  Radio  Outlet. ...  ,3 


.*..;.  ♦;* .;.  •£•;#  ■+•  %«•>*>  <**!•  •» 


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412  Nemal  Eteclronics  94 

478  Nemal  Electronics  110 

137  Nuts&Vofts  ..  .118 

Obit  Magazine  26 

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4      Parsec  Communications  89 

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96    Radiokit 93 


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150  Royai 117 

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65  &F  Amateur  Radio  Services 63 

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438  Spectrum  international,  Inc.   ....  137 

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463  TETiSultrontcs  . .109 

224  Teltone  ....  ,118 

449  The  Ham  Shack  35 

205  The  Metheny  Corp  .  .4 

104  Trionyx  Industries     26 

136  Tucson  Amateur  Packet  Radio 

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Van  GOHiten  Engineering  51 

311  Vanguard  Labs  1O1 

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145  Wayne  Green  SoC*s  82 

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60     Western  Radio  Eiectfonics 

95 
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107  Woodali&  Associates  118 

83    Yaesu Electronics.  . .  Cov, III 


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To  order,  complete  the  postage-patd  card,  or  itemize 
your  order  including  detailed  credit  card  informa- 
tion or  check  and  mail  to:  73  Magazine/Mail  Order 
Dept./Peterborough  NH  03458. 


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MICROCOMPUTERS  Jifi95 

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SHIPPING  AND  HANDLING  CHARGES   11  W  for  it* 
rum  booh  *i  ka  vac*  »<tan>^mi  boot,  rn*  UQ     - 


114     73  Magazine  •  January,  1964 


CIRCUITS 


Do  you  have  a  technique,  modification,  or  easy-to-dupiicate  cir- 
cuit that  your  fellow  readers  might  be  interested  in^  If  so.  send  us  a 
concise  description  of  it  (under  two  pages,  double-spaced)  and  in- 
clude a  clear  diagram  or  schematic  if  needed, 

in  exchange  for  these  technical  gems,  73  offers  you  the  choice  of 
a  book  from  the  Radio  Bookshop,  to  be  sent  upon  publication.  Sub- 
mit your  tdea  (and  book  choice)  to:  Circuits,  Editorial  Offices,  73 
Magazine.  Peterborough  NH  03456.  Submissions  not  selected  for 
publication  will  be  returned  if  an  SASE  is  enclosed. 

STOP  THAT  ICOM  BUZZ;  If  your  IC-45A  has  been  buzzing  through 
the  speaker  or  has  been  commanding  itseit  to  start  or  slop  scan- 
ning, here  is  a  simple  fix.  The  regulator  (IC-2)  on  the  main  board  is  the 
power  supply  for  the  whole  radio.  If  it  is  no!  securely  attached  to  the 
heat  sink  and  if  the  board  on  which  it  sits  is  not  firmly  attached  to 
the  framework,  the  regulator  filter  will  not  function  correctly.  This 
will  allow  a  buzz  into  the  8-V  supply  and  will  false  the  CPU  into  think- 
ing that  there  was  a  command.  Buzz  may  also  occur  in  the  audio.  By 
tightening  the  four  screws  holding  IC-2  to  the  heat  sink,  the  filter  will 
be  allowed  to  work  again.  Some  of  the  screws  have  a  tendency  to 
loosen,  so  a  periodic  check  of  them  is  in  order.— Rick  Bates 
WA6NHC,  Petal uma  CA. 


TTl  input 


>H5"232  OUTPUT 


SIMPLE  TRANSISTOR  TTLTQRS232  INTERFACE:  This  circuit  can 
be  used  for  driving  an  RS232  printer  or  RTTY  interface  from  your 
computer  or  digital  circuit.  Transistor  Q2  is  the  ±  12-V  switch,  which 
is  driven  by  Q1.  When  the  TTL  input  is  low  (mark  condition),  Ql  is 
turned  off,  which  allows  Q2  to  be  turned  off.  The  RS232  output  rests 
at  -12  volts  (mark  condition).  When  the  TTL  input  is  logic  high  (5  V)f 
Q1  turns  on  and  drives  the  base  of  Q2.  turning  it  on.  The  RS232  out- 
put will  then  go  to  approximately  +  12  V (space  condition),  Resistor 
R6  maintains  a  current  limit  tn  the  event  of  an  RS232  output  short  cir- 
cuit. If  the  output  were  shorted  without  R6  in  the  circuit,  'he  switch 
transistor  Q2  would  quickly  burn  out.  The  total  cost  of  this  simple  in- 
terface  is  32  cents.— Scott  M.  Freeberg  WA9WFA,  Ft.  Atkinson  Wl. 


FROM 
COMPUTER 

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RTTY  OSCILLATOR  FROM  ORGAN  PARTS:  Using  a  tapped  coil  from 
the  tone  generator  in  a  Conn  organ r  this  circuit  will  generate  the  nec- 
essary 1275  and  1445  tones  for  RTTY.  The  coil  I  used  (no.  57013)  pro- 
duced  F  sharp  in  the  sixth  octave;  it  should  be  available  from  a  Conn 
organ  repairman.  Other  coils  may  be  used  instead,  but  you  must 
change  the  value  of  02  to  get  the  correct  frequency.  The  circuit  itself 
is  a  standard  Hartley  oscillator,  and  the  coil  adjustment  is  a  stan- 
dard &32  nut,  Be  sure  to  finish  tuning  in  the  tightening  mode  to  en- 
sure mechanical  stability.— Wm.  Bruce  Cameron  WA4UZM  Temple 
Terrace  FL 


INPUT  P ROM 
PHONE  LINES 


9  V 

tBATURv 
MA*    »E 
5H3V0LT51 


TELEPHONE  OFF-HOOK  INDICATOR:  How  many  times  have  you 
started  to  dial  a  phone  number  only  to  find  that  the  line  was  already 
in  use?  This  visual  indicator  will  signal  when  another  person  is  dial- 
ing or  talking  on  an  extension  and  also  provides  a  visual  ring  indica- 
tor. The  LED  flickers  when  the  phone  is  ringing  or  being  dialed.  It 
glows  steadily  when  the  phone  is  off  the  hook.  R1  and  R2  isolate  the 
system  from  the  phone  lines.  They  form  a  voltage  divider  with  R3. 
The  divider  output  feeds  switch  Q1-Q2*  The  switch  senses  less  than 
2  uA  which  the  system  draws  from  the  phone  fine.  That  small  current 
drops  about  three  volts  across  R2  which  keeps  Q2  turned  oa  That 
keeps  the  second  switch,  Q3-Q4,  and  the  LED  turned  off.  But  when 
the  phone  is  taken  off  the  hookt  the  tine  voltage  falls,  Q1-Q2  turns 
off,  and  Q3-Q4  turns  on  and  lights  the  LED.  Voltage  changes  caused 
by  ringing  and  dialing  also  affect  the  switching,  causing  the  LED  to 
flicker.— Evert  Fruitman  W7FtXVT  Phoenix  AZ. 


**v 


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OI3 
2N£?£ZA 


3  9* 


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fh 


ft 


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flOK 


FAST-ATTACK  SQUELCH:  This  circuit  was  designed  to  provide  a 
high-performance  squelch  for  a  nearby  repeater  which  uses  an  IC- 
22A  as  a  receiver,  The  Schmitt  trigger  provides  a  tittle  hysteresis 
where  it  takes  more  signal  energy  to  open  the  squelch  than  it  takes 
to  close  it.  Replace  Q13  with  a  2N222A  in  a  TO-18  package,  and  leave 
the  base  lead  out  of  the  circuit  board  so  that  a  wire  can  be  attached 
to  it  later.  C1  must  be  greater  than  100  uf  to  eliminate  popping  noise 
around  the  squelch  threshold*  but  the  other  parts  values  are  not  criti- 
cal.—Bobert  C,  Lee  WBOUBL,  North  Liberty  I  A. 


i 


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KE'     N 


CIV  SIDETONE  FOR  THE  DX-60:  Here's  a  simple  circuit  which  will 
work  with  any  receiver  and  create  a  sidetone  when  you  are  keying 
the  DX-60*  Transformer  T1  is  an  audio  transformer  The  unijunction 
transistor  used  as  an  oscillator  may  be  any  type;  a  2N4871  or  RS 
276-2029  are  good  choices,  Battery  drain  is  practically  niit  so  a 
power  switch  is  not  needed,  and  you  can  change  the  pitch  of  the 
sidetone  by  changing  the  value  of  R — Terry  Simonds  WB4FXD, 
Edgartown  MA. 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     115 


W2KSD/1 

NEVER  SAY  DIE 

ed/tor/a/  by  Wayne  Green 


from  page  6 

nology,  I'll  let  you  know  what's 
going  on.  In  computers,  the  big 
push  is  for  lap  micros — the  size 
of  a  ream  of  paper,  but  a  lot 
lighter.  TTiis  editorial  is  be- 
ing  written  on  a  Tandy  100  lap 
computer. 

The  first  system  on  the  mar- 
ket along  this  line  was  the  Sony 
Typecorder,  But  after  almost  a 
two-year  lead  on  the  field,  Sony 
dropped  the  ball.  An  old  CB 
manufacturing  firm  in  Japan 
went  the  next  step,  producing 
the  Tandy  100.  This  came  out 
last  spring,  made  by  Kyocera. 

Oddly  enough,  I  described 
this  computer  in  rather  good  de- 
tail when  I  gave  a  talk  at  the  At- 
lanta Hamfestlval  in  1976.  Later 
that  year,  I  went  over  the  idea 
with  HL  Mishi,  the  editor  of  i/O 
magazine  in  Japan.  He,  I  am 
toldt  worked  with  Kyocera  on  its 
development.  My  part  has  prob- 
ably been  forgotten  by  nowt  but 
then,  I'm  used  to  that.  It  was  my 
idea  for  splitting  channels  onto 
videotape  which  brought  the 
first  breakthrough  by  Arnpex 
back  in  1948.  I'm  sure  that  my 
idea  has  been  long  forgotten 
but  it  was  the  one  thing  they 
needed  to  get  started  with  video- 
tape. At  the  time,  I  was  working 
as  a  television  engineer  for 
WPiX  in  New  York,  I  attended  a 
TV  seminar  and  talked  with  the 
engineers  at  Ampex.  They  ex- 
plained that  they  were  only  able 
to  get  part  of  the  needed  band- 
width on  tape,  so  I  suggested 
heterodyning  the  frequencies 
down  to  where  they  could  be  put 
on  tape  and  then  putting  the  fre- 
quencies back  together  again 
later.  They  tried  it  and  soon  after 
we  had  2"  videotape  from  Am- 
pex, No  one  even  said  thanks. 

The  lap  computer  is  going  to 
be  a  very  big  business,  with  op- 
portunities for  small  firms  to  de- 
velop accessories  and  software 
for  them— thousands  of  firms. 
But  the  next  step  is  one  which 
should  be  duck  soup  for 
hams— getting  rid  of  the  umbil- 
icai  cord  so  these  small  comput- 
ers can  access  a  nearby  corn- 

1T6     73  Magazine  *  January,  19&4 


puter  system  and  use  its  stor- 
age, disks,  and  so  on. 

The  next  step,  as  I  have  writ- 
ten before,  is  a  communications 
system  which  will  allow  all  the 
desktop  and  lap  computers  to 
almost  instantly  communicate 
with  each  other.  Something 
along  the  line  of  our  repeater 
systems,  which  would  receive 
messages,  check  them  for  er- 
rors and  roger  themt  then  pass 
them  along  to  the  addressee, 
complete  with  a  return  roger  of 
the  message  receipt,  is  so  obvi- 
ous that  it  will  have  to  happen. 

In  a  few  years,  any  of  us  who 
want  to  will  be  able  to  communi- 
cate with  anyone  anywhere 
from  anywhere.  It  won't  make 
any  difference  If  I  am  walking 
along  the  street,  shopping  in 
Singapore,  or  in  New  Hampshire 
on  a  ski  slope— 111  be  able  to 
type  or  talk  a  message  and  have 
it  delivered  in  a  second  or  two 
anywhere  to  anyone. 

This  is  going  to  change  busi- 
ness beyond  recognition.  It  is 
going  to  have  a  profound  effect 
on  education.  We  can't  even  im- 
agine what  it  will  do  for  personal 
relationships.  Oh,  busy  people 
will  have  to  have  filters  built  into 
the  system.  When  my  business 
was  small  I  was  available  by 
phone  at  any  time  of  the  day  or 
night.  Today  I'd  be  driven  crazy 
with  stockbrokers  wanting  to 
help  me  with  my  "portfolio'1  and 
investment  counselors  wanting 
to  help  me  with  my  estate— not 
to  mention  people  with  invest- 
ment Ideas  for  my  money  and  so 
on. 

This  communications  de- 
mand is  going  to  call  for  hun- 
dreds of  thousands  or  even 
millions  of  technicians,  engi- 
neers, and  scientists  to  devel- 
op, manufacture,  sell,  install, 
operate,  and  service  the  sys- 
tems it  will  take  to  do  all  this.  It's 
mind-boggling  in  concept.  Well 
be  using  fiber  optics,  lasers, 
microwaves,  satellites,  and  any- 
thing else  we  can  invent  to 
speed  things  up  and  make  them 
less  expensive.  Amateurs  are  in 
a  beautiful  spot  to  get  In  on  this 
bonanza.  We  can  develop  the 


communications  system  to  do 
these  things  on  our  ham  bands 
and  then  get  started  with  small 
businesses,  taking  advantage 
of  what  we've  developed.  Or.  we 
can  bicker  over  the  Morse  codef 
get  into  piieups  fighting  for  DX, 
and  jam  nets.  I'm  not  sure  these 
activities  are  any  more  benefi- 
cial to  the  world— or  to  amateur 
radio— than  sitting  back  with 
two  six  packs  of  807s  and  watch- 
ing football  on  television. 

The  potential  is  there,  My 
magazines  can  help  you  take  ad- 
vantage of  that  potential.  In- 
deed, it  is  as  a  direct  result  of 
the  pressures  at  Dayton,  where 
hundreds  of  hams  pleaded  for  a 
good  Commodore  magazine, 
that  we've  launched  RUN.  The 
first  issue  Is  due  out  in 
December  and  it  looks  as  if  it 
will  sell  well  over  100,000  copies 
right  off  the  bat. 

I  have  a  bunch  more  maga^ 
zines  in  various  stages  of  get* 
ting  started  just   in  case  you 

don't  smoke  and  are  interested 
in  getting  invoived  in  high-tech 
publishing.  Some  are  in  com- 
puters,  some  aren't. 

Speaking  of  new  magazines, 
while  in  Munich  for  the  huge 
systems  show  (24  big  buildings 
full  of  computer  exhibits),  we 
had  a  launching  party  for  PC 
Weft,  a  German  version  of  our 
sister  magazine,  PC  World,  Then 
on  to  Tokyo  for  the  Data  Show 
and  the  launching  of  a  PC  maga- 
zine there.  A  day  later  In  Singa- 
pore, at  a  third  computer  show, 
It  was  Computerworfd  Ash  get- 
ting started.  And  finally,  after 
flying  around  the  world  and 
covering  32,000  miles  in  ten 
days,  Comdex  in  Amsterdam 
and  the  launching  of  Microftnfo, 
a  Dutch  micro  magazine— an- 
other associated  publication  of 
ours.  Whew,  what  a  trip! 

With  sunspots  diminishing 
for  several  more  years,  DX  is  go- 
ing to  be  harder  to  work  and  our 
higher  bands  are  going  to  be  of 
less  interest.  This  seems  like  the 
ideal  time  for  us  to  get  cracking 
on  new  technologies — to  experi- 
ment with  new  modes  of  com- 
munications and  pioneer  them. 

Will  we  see  automatic  identi- 
fication of  rigs  this  year?  It's  cer- 
tainly within  our  current  level  of 
technology  to  do  this,  complete 
with  a  reader  on  every  receiver 
which  will  instantly  read  out  the 
call  of  the  received  station— or 
even  search  for  a  desired  station 
prefix. 

With  the  development  of  pack- 


et communications,  we  may 
start  having  automatic  message 
handling.  We  could  have  done 
that  thirty  years  ago  when  I  first 
started  working  with  digital 
communications  on  the  ham 
bands,  but  our  national  organi- 
zation has  done  little  to  encour- 
age such  changes— and  much 
to   discourage   them. 

I'll  be  continuing  to  get  on 
20m  as  much  as  I  can — and  2m 
from  the  various  cities  I  visit. 
Sure,  111  be  at  Dayton  this  year.  I 
don't  know  which  other  ham- 
fests  111  make  as  yet  I've  got- 
ten to  a  lot  of  shows  in  the 
last  year— consumer  electronics 
shows  in  Tokyo,  Seoul,  Taipei, 
Hong  Kong,  and  Vegas— com- 
puter shows  in  Anaheim,  Tokyo, 
Taipei,  Singapore,  Munich, 
Amsterdam,  Atlanta.  Boston, 
New  York,  and  so  on.  This  year 
I'll  be  hitting  more  hamfests— 
hope  to  see  you, 

INTERNATIONAL 
CORRESPONDENTS 

First,  I'd  like  to  thank  the  hun- 
dreds of  readers  who  have  called 
or  written  to  say  that  this  feature 
is  a  favorite.  We  have  52  coun- 
tries with  correspondents  and 
need  more.  111  do  what  I  can  to 
find  "em  as  I  travel  but  you  can 
help,  too,  by  mentioning  it  over 
the  air  to  some  of  the  more  inter- 
esting DX  operators  you  get  to 
know. 

Some  of  the  columnists  have 
a  tough  job  getting  the  informa- 
tion through— such  as  from  Po- 
land,  for  example.  We  realty  ap- 
preciate the  job  they're  doing. 

We  have  a  truly  international 
hobby  and  this  column  helps  to 
bring  us  all  together.  We're  inter- 
ested in  news  of  expeditions, 
special  operations,  certificates, 
how  visitors  can  get  permission 
to  operate,  how  easy  or  difficult 
ft  is  to  get  a  license  for  locals, 
and  so  on. 

With  its  international  column, 
73  has  become  the  first  interna- 
tional ham  magazine. 

PRICE  INCREASE 

With  a  substantial  increase  in 
the  international  distribution  of 
73—  increased  by  35,000  co- 
pies— we've  had  to  increase  the 
cover  price  from  $2,495  to  $2.50 
so  as  not  to  drive  foreign  news- 
stands right  out  of  their  minds. 
We  had  enough  trouble  in  Amer- 
ica—worth every  minute  of  it,  by 
the  way. 

Speaking  of  DXt  have  you 
chosen  a  DX  operator  to  send  a 
subscription  to? 


BARTER  'N'BUY   J 


73  CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING 


HATES 


Individual  (non-commercial) 
Commercial  , . . 


■  >  t  ■  *■■•  «>  *  ■  •  ».*  i  *  *  . » ii  *  ♦  !■  _>  ■ ■ * « 4  a  l  sihe  par  worn 
50c  per  word 

Prepayment  by  cftecK  or  money  order  is  required  with  your  ad.  No  discounts  or 
commissions  a*e  available.  Please  make  your  payment  lo  73.  Rates  lor  muiiipie 
insertions  are  available  on  request 

ADVERTISING  COPY 

Advertising  must  pertain  to  amateur  radio  products  or  services.  No  special 
layouts  or  positions  are  possible,  AH  advertising  copy  must  be  submitted  type* 
written  {double-spaced)  antf  musl  include  full  name  and  address  Copy  limited  to 
100  words,  maximum.  Count  only  words  m  text.  Address,  free. 

73  cannot  verify  advertising  claims  and  cannot  be  held  responsible  for  claims 
made  by  the  advertiser.  Liability  wilt  be  limited  to  making  any  necessary  cor  rec- 
kon in  ma  next  available  issue.  73  reserves  the  right  to  refect  any  copy  deemed 
unsuitable. 

DEADLINES 

Copy  must  be  received  in  Peterborough  by  the  5th  of  the  second  month  pre- 
ceding ihe  cover  date.  H  copy  is  received  after  the  deadline,  it  will  be  scheduled 
10  run  me  following  month,  unless  specifically  prohibited  by  the  advertiser 

MATERIALS 

Send  to  Advertising  Department.  73.  Elm  Street  Peterborough  NH  03458 


WVOMINCUTAH  RANCH  LAND,  10 
acres.  $60  down,  i607month.  FREE  infor- 
mal ion,  maps,  photographs.  Trade  equity 
for  ham  gear,  home  computer,  test  equip- 
ment, etc.  Ownef— Mike  Gaul h her  K6ICS. 
9560-B— Gallatin  Rd..  Downey  CA  902*0. 
BNB001 


05L  MANAGER  ALBUM™.  Beautiful 
leather-grained  vinyl  ring  binder  for  dis- 
playing 240  of  your  prized  QSL  cards. 
30-day  guarantee,  Si 8. 95  pod  or  send 
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37B0  Cecilia  Ave,  Cleveland  OH  44109. 
BNB009 


SATELLITES 


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118     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


^ 


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H-U    volti    El    carttar    tapped'.,       1.5*-    k    4.  fi»" 

Alltnblttd    and   Touted     tPS—ll .    JI.»5 

Kit    Last  Xfmtft    [PS-tRI    .    .    .    .    .    ...    .    ...    16. 9S 

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UTO    hji   Mother    board 

lie- sided    fia#igl*i   mottaaf    t>£atd.       An   eicp..i-r.1 
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oC  out   56  pin  conruKit6r= .  vid*  yo-ar  own     c*rd 

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PO    DO!    llAVI^    San   Diego,    Cft    $21i? 
(al9»    565-7*$* 


29 


RADIO 
DIRECTION   FINDER 

The  SuperDF 


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*rSe«  Lt&t  ot  Advertisers  on  page  f  74 


UHF  POWER  AMP 

AM-6155/GRT  (ITT  3212)  225  400  Mtiz  RF  amp. 
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input  using  Eimac 
X651Z  silver-plated 
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TEKTRONIX  516  DUAL  TRACE  SCOPE,  DC  15 
Mft?  response  with  6M  CftT.  Sensitivity  0.05-20  v/oiv 
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Prices  FO.rL  Uma,  0.  •  VISA,  MASTERCARD  Accepted. 
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lDIO   SALES  *"?? 

101A  E  EUREKA  •  Sox  1105  -  LIMA,  OHIO  -  45S0? 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     110 


S25 


pyiw 


EIIWC  yOQDtttXB/Sin  with  SK300  and  SK1336  . 

Sh300  and  SK1306  Only. 

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$  350.00 


KliU  ELECTRONICS JNC.  WF  flWFIER  PC  BOtf^S  WD  (f  UflCISTOR  KfT5T 

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GENEVA  CALCULATOR  HATCH 

This  attractive  watch  has  the  following  modes 

Normal  Time  Setting, 

Calendar  Setting, 

Daily  Alarm  Time  Setting, 

Weekly  Alarm  Time  Setting, 

Chronograph , 

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Featured  in  Slack  Plastic 


$18,99 


or       Featured    In   Stainless  Steel 


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SILICON  DIODES 

HR751 

MR510 

HEP  170 

1N32G9 

BVX2 1/200 

L«2138A 

DS85-G4C 

1N3269 

275241 

7-5754 

RCD-15 

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1 OOvdc 
lOOOvdc 
lOOOvdc 

1  OOvdc 

2  OOvdc 
600vdc 
4 OOvdc 
fcGOvdc 
30Ovdc 
3Q0vdc 
15KVDC 
20KVDC 

signal 


6Amps 

3Amps 

2  Amps 

15 Amps 

2 5 Amp a 

60Amps 

SOAmps 

1 60 Amp  s 

2  SOAmps 

400Amps 

20ma, 

20tna. 


I0/$5.00 

10/$3.75 

20/$2.0Q 

$2*00 

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S20.DG 

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$3,00 

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30/$ 1.00 


100/$ 38. 00 
I  no/ $24 ,00 
L0O/$U.Q0 
10/  $15.00 
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10/  $80.00 
10/$  120,  00 
10/$ 175.  00 
10/S250.00 
10/  $20,00 
10/  $30.00 
100/  $3.00 


FEED  THRU  SOLDER  RF  CAFACTORS 

470pf  +-20* 

5/$ 1,00  or  100/515.00  or 
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lOOOpf/.OOluf  +-10I 

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FAIRCHILD  4116  16K  DYNAMIC  RAMS  200ns.  Fart  tf  16K75 
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2708  1024x1 
2716  2048x8 
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510,00  each 


HEWLETT  PACKARD  MICROWAVE  DIODES 


IN  57 11 
IN  5712 
IK  62  63 
5082-2835 
5082-2805 


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For  Information  call:  (602)  242-3037 


Toll  Free  Number 
800-528-0180 
(For  orders  only) 

PRICES  SUBJECT  TO  CHANGE  WITHOUT  NOTICE 


(fH^z  electronic* 


■All  parts  may  be  new  or 
surplus,  and  parts  may  be 
substituted  with compara&Je  pans 
it  we  are  out  of  stock  of  an  Hem  " 


E 


120     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


e 


"MIXERS" 


WATKINS  JOHNSON  WJ-M6  Double  Balanced  Mixer 


LO  and  RF  0.2  to  300MHz 
Conversion  Loss  (SSB) 

Noise  Figure  (SSB) 

Conversion  Compression 


IF  DC  to  300MHz 
6.5dB  Max.  1  to  50MHz 
8.5dB  Max.  .2  to  300MHz 
same  as  above 
8.5dB  Max.  50  to  300MHz 
.3dB  Typ. 


$21.00 

WITH  DATA  SHEET 


NEC  (NIPPON  ELECTRIC  CO.  LTD.  NE57835/2SC2150  Microwave  Transistor 


NF  Min  F=2GHz 
F=3GHz 
F=4GHz 


dB  2.4  Typ. 
dB  3.4  Typ. 
dB  4.3  Typ. 


MAG  F=2GHz 

dB  12  Typ, 

F=3GHz 

dB  9  Typ. 

F=4GHz 

dB  6. 5  Typ. 

$5.30 


Ft  Gain  Bandwidth  Product  at  Vce=8v,  Ic=10ma.   GHz  4  Min.  6  Typ. 
Vcbo    25v    Vceo    llv    Vebo    3v    Ic   50ma.  Pt.     250mw 

UNELCO  RF  Power  and  Linear  Amplifier  Capacitors 

■  ■*- . 

These  are  the  famous  capacitors  used  by  all  the  RF  Power  and  Linear  Amplifier 
manufacturers,  and  described  in  the  RF  Data  Book. 


5pf 

5.1pf 
6.8pf 
7pf 
8.2pf 


10pf 
12pf 
13pf 
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22pf 

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120pf 
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470pf  51  up 
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lOOOpf 


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NIPPON  ELECTRIC  COMPANY  TUNNEL  DIODES 


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Peak  Pt.  Voltage  mv. 
Projected  Peak  Pt.  Voltage  mv 
Series  Res.  Ohms 
Terminal  Cap.  pf. 
Valley  Pt.  Voltage  mv. 


Ip 

Iv 

Vp 

Vpp  Vf 

rS 

Ct 

VV 


MODEL  1S2199 
9min.  lOTyp.  Umax. 
1.2Typ.  1.5max. 
95Typ.  120max. 
=Ip   480min.  550Typ.  630max 
2,5Typ.  4max. 
1.7Typ.  2max. 
370Typ. 


1S2200   *7-50 
9min.  lOTyp.  Umax. 
1.2Typ.  1.5max. 
75Typ.  90max. 
440min.  520Typ.  600max. 
2Typ.  3max. 
5Typ.  8max. 
350Typ. 


FAIRCHILD  /  DUMONT  Oscilloscope  Probes  Model  4290B 

Input  Impedance  10  meg.,  Input  Capacity  6.5  to  12pf.,  Division  Ratio  (Volts/Div  Factor) 

10:1,  Cable  Length  4Ft.  ,  Frequency  Range  Over  100MHz. 

These  Probes  will  work  on  all  Tektronix,  Hewlett  Packard,  and  other  Oscilloscopes. 

PRICE   $45.00 


MOTOROLA  RF  DATA  BOOK 


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Lists  all  Motorola  RF  Transistors  /  RF  Power  Amplifiers,  Varactor  Diodes  and  much  much 
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PRICE   $7.50 


For  information  call:  (602)  242-3037 


Toll  Free  Number 
800-528-0180 
(For  orders  only) 


qJVI^Hjz  electronics 


"All  parts  may  be  new  or 
surplus,  and  pans  may  be 
subs!  it uted  with  comparable  parts 
if  we  a*e  out  of  stock  at  an  (tern  " 


PRICES  SUBJECT  TO  CHANGE  WITHOUT  NOTICE 


73  Magazine  ■  January,  1984     121 


RF  TRANSISTORS,  MICROWAVE  DIODES 


1 

■ 


"kpe 


FWCE 


Toll  Free  Number 

800-528-0180 

(For  orders  only) 


TYPE 


PRICE 


TYPE 


PHICE 


TYPE 


PRICE 


2N1561 

$  25-00 

23C1678                     $ 

2.00 

W113*                       $  16.90 

USC1B21-3 

5125.00 

2JH562 

25,00 

2SCI729 

20.00 

16579 

7,95 

USC1821^10 

225.00 

2N1692 

25.00 

23C17S0 

1.50 

H9588 

7.50 

MSC2001 

40.00 

2N2957 

1.55 

2oLi'yoy 

4.00 

149622 

7.95 

W9C2223-X0 

200,00 

2N2S57JJNTX 

4,10 

29C1946 

36.00 

KcJUik-  J 

9.95 

\iSC3000 

50.00 

2N2857,JA!frXV 

4.10 

2SC1946A 

40.00 

U9624 

11.95 

USC3001 

50.00 

2N2876 

13.50 

25C1970 

2.50 

IB625 

17.95 

K9CT3001 

50.00 

2N2947 

18,35 

2SC1974 

4.00 

M9630 

18,00 

M9C82O01 

40.00 

2948 

13.00 

2SC2166 

5.50 

H&740 

29.90 

IED82014 

40.00 

2JS&49 

15.50 

asra237 

32.00 

16741 

29.90 

M9CS20!20 

40.00 

2X3375 

17.10 

22*^695 

47  00 

1G755 

19.50 

USC82030 

40.00 

2N3553 
2N3G32 

1.55 
15.50 

A50-12 

25.00 

1G64B 

37.00 

M9C83001 

50,00 

A209 

10. 00 

IO0S0 

16.90 

M9CS3005 

100.00 

2X3733 

11.00 

A283 

5.00 

H96S1 

20.00 

HF4150 

14.40 

2N3818 

5.00 

A2R3R 

6.00 

HS087 

5.25 

IC5126 

PCR 

2M38S6 

1.30 

AF102 

2.50 

mmm 

25.00 

»I5596/2^5596 

93.00 

aoaauHi 

2.20 

AFY12 

2.50 

ttOSflO 

10.00 

VT5768/2N5768 

95,00 

2N3924 

3,3S 

BF272A 

2.50 

W1552 

50,00 

ifT8762 

KK 

2N3927 

17.25 

BFR21 

2.50 

lill  553 

50.00 

XB02136 

2.50 

3N306O 

25.00 

BFR90 

1.00 

1*11614 

10.00 

NEL3783 

POR 

244012 

11.00 

BffiSl 

1.65 

W1943/2N4072 

1.80 

NE21B89 

POR 

2N4CM1 

14.00 

iBfKx? 

50 

waem 

5.00 

NE57835 

5.70 

2X4072 

1.80 

3FT12 

2.50 

M0373A 

17.10 

NE73436 

2.50 

2?«oeo 

4.53 

BFilSA 

2.50 

mi  tin 

10,00 

tsar 

2N4 127 

21.00 

BFW17 

2.50 

MBOOO 

1.15 

P^fs^-   : 

PGR 

2*94427 

1.30 

BFW92 

1.50 

wrono 

4&  ■■  OW 

PT3190 

PCE 

2W428 

1  35 

BFX44 

2.50 

kMBGU 

25.00 

PT3194 

pat 

50 

11.80 

BFS18 

2,50 

WF102 

,45 

PT31S5 

PCR 

22*4967 

3.45 

9QQ55 

2.50 

lt^SU3l 

1.01 

W3537 

7.80 

a«959 

2.30 

arxs4 

2.50 

«W2023-1.5 

42.50 

PT4166F 

POR 

2N5C90 

13,80 

BfflSE 

2.50 

MRF206 

16,10 

PT4l7fiD 

POR 

296106 

3-45 

BFX86 

2.50 

MKF212 

16.10 

PT41B6B 

POR 

aeioe 

1.70 

BH89 

1,00 

Min23 

13.25 

PT42D9 

POR 

2N510D 

3.45 

BFY11 

2.5Q 

\WT221 

15,50 

PT4209C/5645 

PGfc 

2*6177 

21.62 

BF5T1S 

2,50 

WF231 

10,92 

PT4556 

24.60 

2>S179 

1.04 

BEY19 

2.50 

MBF232 

12.  n7 

PT4570 

7.50 

2N5216 

56.00 

BFV39 

2,50 

WRF233 

12.65 

PT4577 

POR 

2N3563 

3.45 

BFreO 

1,00 

WB237 

3.15 

PT4590 

POR 

2N5589 

9.77 

BLXB7 

15.24 

IBFS3B 

13.80 

PT4612 

PCR 

2N5590 

10.92 

BLSBSC3 

15.24 

WF23B 

17.25 

PT462S 

PCR 

2N5501 

13.80 

BLSS3C3 

22,21 

KBF245 

35.65 

PT4640 

PCR 

2.\  Jf>J  ^ 

IS,  80 

BlATiTA 

8.94 

lfflF247 

35,65 

PT4642 

POR 

J .  1  ■  ;*     :  i 

li: 

BLYSSC3 

13.  OS 

MRF3D4 

43,45 

PT5632 

4.70 

2145642 

U.03 

BLV94C 

21.30 

MRttlO0 

33.81 

PttlAB 

POR 

2N5643 

15.50 

BLY351 

10.00 

MRF314 

28,52 

PTm29 

POR 

2N5645 

SO 

BLY5G8C/CF 

30.00 

MHF315 

28.86 

FTT6709 

POR 

2N5646 

20.70 

C458-617 

25,00 

MHF31K 

POR 

1^^720 

POR 

2NS651 

11.05 

G4005 

20.00 

HiiKir; 

63,  m 

PTS51Q 

POR 

2NS691 

1H.0O 

CD1899 

20,00 

MHF420 

20.00 

PT8524 

PCR 

2N5764 

27-00 

QE18S 

18.00 

MRF421 

36.80 

P1S609 

POR 

2N5836 

■    15 

OB545 

25.00 

M1U''-!22A 

41.40 

PT8633 

PGR 

2N5842/WVII607 

8.45 

CTG3005 

ino.no 

HHEVJ27 

17.25 

PT8639 

POR 

2N&849 

2Q*00 

Itexcel  G&As  RT 

WRF42H 

46.00 

PTB65e 

POR 

2N5913 

3.25 

DXL35Q1A-P100F 

49.30 

MRF433 

07 

PTB679 

POR 

2N5910 

i\00 

Fujitsu  GaAs  FET 

MRF449/A 

1  3 ,  65 

PTB708 

P0« 

2NS922 

10, 00 

FSX52W 

;>H,OD 

MRJ:H50/A 

14,37 

ET8709 

POH 

af^aaa 

25.00 

£af0290A 

2,50 

53/A 

IS .  40 

P1B727 

29.00 

2N591 1 

23. 00 

HEP76 

4.95 

MHIMM/A 

20,12 

PTB731 

PDR 

2K5SH: 

■10.00 

H3SPS3002 

11.40 

MRJ^SS/A 

16.00 

PTS742 

19.10 

2N694  i 

10.:ir> 

HEPS3003 

30,00 

MRP498 

20,70 

PT87B7 

POR 

2N5915 

11.50 

HEPS3005 

10.00 

MRF463 

25.00 

PTO7SS 

16.50 

2N5646 

14,40 

KEPS3006 

19,90 

MIU-172 

1   00 

[TJ7H4 

32.70 

2N6080 

10,36 

KEPS3007 

25.00 

MHF475 

3,10 

nP7R0 

5*5.00 

2N6081 

12.07 

HEPS3010 

11.34 

1IRF476 

2.00 

PT31962 

POR 

B082 

12.65 

Hewlett  Packard 

MRF477 

14,95 

P131963 

PCR 

2N6083 

13.25 

HFET2204 

112.00 

URF492 

23.00 

PT31083 

PGR 

2N6084 

15.00 

3582IE 

38.00 

UBF502 

1.04 

PTX16680 

POK 

2N6094 

11.00 

35S26B 

32.00 

MRF503 

600 

RCA 

fiHOtWIl 

12.00 

35826E 

32,00 

MRf504 

7.00 

Ji    y  lQ°f 

5.00 

2N609S 

10 

3SB31Z-H31 

30.00 

«RF509 

5.00 

. 

1£ 

2N6Gtf7 

20.70 

3583LE 

30,00 

MRF511 

10,69 

4.62 

2N6105 

21.00 

35832E 

so.oo 

MRF515 

2.00 

10.00 

2H6136 

21.85 

35833E 

50.00 

MHF517 

2,00 

"*  t  9flQ 

20.00 

2NBI66 

40.24 

35853E 

71,50 

UBFS69 

2,05 

-t  ;  "-• 

2.80 

2NB201 

50.00 

358S 

75.00 

MRFS05 

20.00 

30292 

13.05 

2NS3CM 

1.50 

35866E 

M.00 

jffireia 

25.00 

40294 

2.50 

2NB459 

18,00 

HXIR3101 

7.00 

MR?628 

8.65 

40341 

21 

2NS567 

10.06 

HSOS3102 

6,75 

ICwm29 

Ji  'r^l 

40608 

-48 

2M9680 

60,00 

HXTR5104 

30.00 

WP644 

27.60 

10094 

1.00 

2SC709 

3.00 

HX3BB104 

68.00 

wre#6 

2d, 90 

40077 

10, OO 

23C7S6A 

7.50 

HJOB6105 

31.00 

URfHl6 

15.00 

B2800A 

bO.OO 

2SL*7K1 

*0 

HX1H61Q6 

33.00 

URFB23 

20.00 

HE375-1 

25,00 

2SC1QIS 

1.00 

J310 

.70 

HRF901  (3)  Lead 

1,00 

RE37S9 

25,00 

2SC1042 

12.00 

TRS 

IRF901  (4)  U*d 

2,00 

RF110 

25.00 

2ano7o 

2.5Q 

JGEOGO 

10.00 

wno4 

2.30 

^0-12 

25.00 

23C123S 

2.50 

JUAJOl 

25.00 

IAF911 

3.00 

S3006 

5,00 

28025] 

12,00 

JOKM5 

25.00 

MRF96] 

2.30 

S3031 

5.00 

2SD306 

2.90 

*i  •    r    "..i    l.rrr 

MRF80M 

2.10 

9CA3^?^ 

00 

23C1307 

5.SO 

JQ131 

8.50 

WS261F 

POR 

SCA3523 

5.00 

^ 

2.80 

MU32 

11.95 

1SC1720-12 

225.rt0 

PRICE  CK  RBQLTST  =  POR 

^ii  parts  may  b-e  new  or 
surplus,  and  parts  may  be 
substituted  with  comparable  parts 
if  we  are  out  of  stock  of  an  item." 

For  information  call:  (602)  242-3037 


PRICES  SUBJECT  TO  CHANGE  WITHOUT  NOTICE 

JM ^z  electronic* 


122     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


GaAs,  TUNNEL  DIODES,  ETC. 


PART 


PRICE 


PART 


PRICE 


PART 


PRICE 


MA47100 

$    3.05 

MRF503 

$   6.00 

PT4186B 

$    POR 

MA47202 

30,80 

MRF504 

7.00 

FT4209 

POR 

MA47771 

POR 

MRF509 

5.00 

PT4209C 

POR 

MA47852 

POR 

MRF511 

8,65 

PT4566 

POR 

MA49558 

POR 

MRF605 

20-00 

PT4570 

POR 

MBA 021 

POR 

MRF629 

3,47 

PT4571 

POR 

MBD101 

L.00 

MRF644 

23.00 

PT4571A 

POR 

MD0513 

POR 

MRF816 

15.00 

PT4577 

POR 

MHW117I 

42.50 

MRF823 

20.00 

PT4590 

POR 

MHW1182 

48.60 

MRF901 

3.00 

PT4612 

POR 

MHW4171 

49.35 

MRF8004 

2.10 

PT4628 

POR 

MHW4I72 

51.90 

MS261F 

POR 

PT4640 

POR 

MHW4342 

68,75 

MT4150  Fair. 

POR 

PT4642 

POR 

MLP102 

25,00 

MT5126  Fair. 

POR 

PT5632 

POR 

MM1500 

32,32 

MT5481  Fair. 

POR 

PT5749 

POR 

MM1550 

POR 

HT5482  Fair. 

POR 

PT6612 

POR 

MM1552 

50-00 

MT5483  Fair. 

POR 

PT6626 

FOR 

MM1553 

50,00 

MT5596  Fair, 

POR 

PT6709 

POR 

MM1614 

10.00 

MT5764  Fair, 

POR 

PT6720 

POR 

MM2608 

5.00 

MT8762  Fair. 

POR 

PT8510 

POR 

MM3375A 

11.50 

MV109 

.77 

PT8524 

POR 

MM4429 

10,00 

MV1401 

8.75 

PT8609 

POR 

MM8000 

1.15 

MV1624 

1.42 

PT8633 

FOR 

MM8006 

2.30 

MV1805 

15.00 

PT8639 

FOR 

M0277L 

POR 

MV1S08 

10.00 

PT8659 

POR 

M0283L 

POR 

MV1S17B 

10-00 

PT8679 

POR 

M03757 

POR 

MV1863B 

10.00 

FT 8 7 08 

POR 

MP102 

POR 

MV1864A 

10-00 

PT8709 

POR 

MPN3202 

10.00 

MV1864B 

10.00 

PT8727 

POR 

MPM3401 

.52 

MV1864D 

10.00 

PT8731 

POR 

MPN3412 

1.00 

MV1868D 

10.00 

PT8742 

POR 

MPSU31 

KOI 

KV2101 

.90 

PT8787 

POR 

MRA2Q23-1.5  TRW 

42.50 

MV211I 

-90 

PT9790 

41.70 

MRF212/208 

16.10 

HV2115 

1.55 

PT31962 

POR 

MRF223 

13.25 

MV2201 

.53 

PT31963 

POR 

MRF224 

15*50 

MV2203 

-53 

PT31983 

POR 

MRF237 

3.15 

MV2209 

2,00 

PTX6680 

POR 

MRF238 

12.65 

MV2215 

2,00 

RAY- 3 

24.99 

MRF243 

25.00 

MWA110 

7.45 

40081 

POR 

MRF245 

34.50 

KWA120 

7.80 

40281 

POR 

MRF247 

34.50 

MWA130 

8.25 

40282 

POR 

MRF304 

43-45 

MW  A2 1 0 

7.80 

40290 

POR 

MRF315 

23,00 

MWA220 

8.25 

RF110 

25.00 

MRF420 

20.00 

MWA230 

8.65 

SCA3522 

FOR 

MRF421 

36,80 

MWA31Q 

8.25 

SCA3523 

POR 

MRF422 

41.40 

MWA320 

8.  65 

SD1065 

POR 

MRF427 

16.10 

MWA330 

9.50 

SS43 

POR 

MRF428 

46.00 

NEC57835 

5.30 

TP1014 

POR 

MRF450/A 

13,80 

ON  38  2 

5.00 

TP1028 

POR 

MRF453/A 

17,25 

FFT5I5-2Q-3 

POR 

TRW- 3 

POR 

MRF454/A 

19.90 

PRT8637 

POR 

UTO504  Avatitek 

70.00 

MRF455/A 

16,00 

PSCQ2-160 

POR 

UT0511  Avatitek 

75,00 

MRF458 

19-90 

PT3190 

POR 

V15 

4.00 

MRF463 

25,00 

PT3194 

POR 

V33B 

4.00 

MRF472 

1-00 

PT3195 

POR 

V100B 

4.00 

MRF475 

2.90 

PT3537 

POR 

VABS01EC 

25.00 

MRF477 

11.50 

PT4166E 

POR 

VAB804EC 

25,00 

MRF502 

1.04 

PT4176D 

POR 

VAS21AN20 

25.00 

For  information  call;  (602)  242-3037 


Toll  Free  Number 
800-528-0180 
(For  orders  only) 


"All  parts  may  be  new  or 
surplus,  and  parts  may  be 
substituted  with  comparable  parts 
if  we  are  out  of  stock  of  an  item/' 


JM^z  electronjc$ 

PRICES  SUBJECT  TO  CHANGE  WITHOUT  NOTICE 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984    123 


1 


COAXIAL  RELAt  SWITCHES  SPOT 


Electronic  Specialty  Co.  /ftavr-n   Electronics 
i'urt   #   25N28  Part   #  SU-Ol 

26Vdc   Type  K  Connector,    DC   to    1   Gil/. 


FSN   5985-556-9683 


549.00 


NC 


COM 


NO 


**#C    A  I  j  •    »      .'1     Iff    NO 


in    J»f  a  #  ) 


*r*   I4VTN   eiFCTto«!Cs    ia 


«4  jSa 


Amphenol 

Part  #  316-IQ102-8 

115Vac   Type   &NC   DC    to    3   £]llz, 


$29.99 


FXR 

Part   #   300- U 182 

I  ZQVac  Typi.'  bnc  nu   to  4  <;hz, 
?SN    5985-543-1225 


FXR 

Part   fl    300- ]  U73 
l20Vac  Type  BNC  Same 
FSN   5985-5A>l850 

$39-99 


i 


HNC  To   Banana  Plug  Coax  Cable  RG-53   36    Inch  or   HNC   to  N  Coax  Cahlr   R^-58    Ifj    Inch. 


$7.99   or   2    For  313.99  or    10   For   350,00 


SB, 99  or   2   For  $15,99  or    10  For  $60.00 


SOLID   STATE  RELAYS 


P&fl  Model  ECTJDB72 
PRICE   EACH      $5.00 

Digisig,  Inc.  Model  ECS-215 
PRICE  EACH   37.50 

Grigs by /Bar too  Model  GS7400 
PRICE  EACH   57,50 


5vdc  turn  on 


120vac  contact  at  7 amps  or  20amo*J  on  a 
10'*x  IQ*1*  .124  aluminum!  He/itsink  with 
silicon  greast;. 

240vac  contact  lAamps  or  4 Damps  on  a 
IQ^x  I0"x  .  124  aluminum.   Heatatnk  with 
silicon  grease. 

240vac  contact  at  1 >amps  or  i Damps  on  a 
i0"x  10f1x  -124  a  list  in  tint.  Heats  ink  with 
silicon  grease. 

MOTE:  ***   Items  may  be  substituted  with  oth^r  brands  or  equivalent  model  numbers.  *** 


5vdt    turn  on 


3vdt.    turn  on 


cfM^fc 


For  information  call:  (602)  242-3037 


elect  ronjcfc 


Alt  pans  may  be  new  or 
surplus,  and  pans  may  be 
substituted  with  comparable  porta 
if  we  are  out  oi  stock  or  an  item 


Toll  FfM  Number 
800-528-0180 
(For  orders  only) 

PRICES  SUBJECT  TO  CHANGE  WITHOUT  NOTICE 


124     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


RECALL  PHONE  MEMORY  TELEPHONE  WITH  24  NUMBER  AUTO  DIALER 

The  Recall  Phone  Telephone  employs  Che  latest  state  of  iirt 
communications  technology. 1c  is  a  combination  telephone 
and  automatic  dialer  that  uses  premium-quality,  sol  id -state 
circuitry  to  assure  high- re  1  lability  performance  tit  personal 
or  business  applications*  5A9.99 


/ 


*t 


ARON  ALPHA  RAPID  BONDING  GLUE 

Super  Glue  0CE-486  high  strength 
rapid  bonding  adhesive. Alpha 
Cyanoacrylate. Set-Time  ZO  to  40 
sec. , 0. 7fi.oz* (20gm. ) 

$2*00 


TOUCH  TONE  PAD 

This  pad  contains  all  the  electronics  to 
produce  standard  touch-tone  tones.  New 
with  data. 


$9.99  or  10/589,99 


MITSUMI  UHF/VHF  VARACTQR  TUNER  MODEL  UVE1A 

Perfect  for  those  unscramble r  projects. 
New  with  data. 


S19.99  or  I0/SI49.99 


INTEGRATED  CIRCUIT 


MC1372P 

HC1358P 

MCI  3 SOP 

MC1330AIF 

MC 1  3 I  OP 

MC1496P 

LM565N 

LM380N14 

LM18S9N 

NE564N 

NE561N 


Color  TV  Video  Modulator  Circuit, 

IF  Amp. v Limit er,FM  Detector, Audio  Driver, Electronic  Attenuator 

IF  Amplifier 

Low  Level  Video  Detector 

FN  Stereo  Demodulator 

Balanced  Modulator/Demodulator 

Phase  Locked  Loop 

2Watt  Audio  Power  Amplifier 

TV  Video  Modulator 

Phase  Locked  Loop 

Phase  Locked  Loop 


1    to  10 

Hup 

4.42 

S2.95 

5.  GO 

4.00 

1.50 

1.25 

1.50 

1.15 

4.29 

3.30 

1.50 

1.25 

2.50 

2.00 

1.56 

1.25 

5.00 

4.00 

10.00 

8,00 

10.00 

8-00 

FERRANTI  ELECTRONICS  AM  RADIO  RECEIVER  MODEL  ZN414  INTEGRATED  CIBCUIT. 
Features: 

1-2  to  1.6  volt  operating  range. fLess  than  O.Sma  current  consumption*  l50KHz  to  3HHz 
Frequency  range, , Easy  to  assemble,!)®  alignment  necessary.  Effective  and  variable  AGC  action., 
Will  drive  an  earphone  direct.  Excellent  audio  quality. /Typical  power  gain  of  72dB.*IO-18 
package.  With  data. 32.99  or  1Q  For  $24.99 


Nt  CAD  RECHARGEABLE  BATTERIES 

AA  Battery  Pack  of  6  These  are  Factory 
New,  $5,00 

SUB  C  Pack  of  10  2.5Amp/Hr.   510.00 

Gates  Rechargeable  Battery  Packs 


12vdc  at  2.5Amp/fir. 
12vdc  at  5Amp/Er. 


S 11 . 99 
$15.99 


aM**^  electronics 


"All  parts  may  be  new  or 
surplus,  and  parts  may  be 
substituted  with  comparable  pans 
if  we  are  out  of  stock  of  an  item  " 


MOTOROLA  MRF599  RF  TRANSISTOR 

hfe  3Qnin  90typ  200nrjx. 

ft  3000rrtiz 

gain  8db  min  9.5typ  at  87Gntiz 

13db  typ  at  512rtiz 
output  power  ,  Swans  at  12.5vdc 
at  87QThz. 

$2.05  or  10/$15.00 


For  information  calf:  (602)  242-3037 

Toll  Free  Number 
800-5284180 
(For  orders  only) 

PRICES  SUBJECT  TO  CHANGE  WITHOUT  NOTICE 


73  Magazine  *  January,  1984     125 


"SOCKETS  AND  CHIMNEYS" 


EIMAC  TUBE  SOCKETS  AMD  CHIMNEYS 


SKUG 

SK3O0A 

SK4G0 

SK406 

SK416 

SK500 

SK600 

SK6G2 

SK606 

SK607 

SK610 

SK620 

SK&26 

SK630 

SK616B 

SK640 

SK646 

SK70O 

SK711A 

SK7A0 

SK770 

SK800A 

SK306 

SKttJO 

SK900 

SKI  420 
SKI  490 


Socket 

Socket  Tor  4CX5000A,R ,J ,  4CX10,OOOD,  4CXL5»000A,J 

Socket  For  4-125A)250A,400A) 40QC>4FR125A>400A,4-50QAJ 5-500A 

Chimney  For  4-25OA,4GQA,400Cl4PR4QOA 

Chimney  For  3^4002 

Socket  For  4-100GA/4FR1OQ0A/B 

Socket  For  4CX250B, BC ,FG,R,4CX35GA,F,FJ 

Socket  For  4CX250B .BC^FG.R, 4CX350A,F,FJ 

Chimney  For  4CX250B,BC >FG,R,4CX350Af F,FJ 

Socket  For  4CX600J fJA 

Socket  For  4CX600J ,JA 

Socket  For  4CX600J , JA 

Chimney  For  4CX600J.JA 

Socket  For  4CX600J ,JA 

Chimney  For  4CX600J,JA 

Socket  For  4CX60GJ  ,.IA 

Chimney  For  4CX600J,JA 

Socket  For  4CX300A,Y,4CX125C,F 

Socket  For  4CX3O0A, Y ,4CX125C tF 

Socket  For  4CX300A,Y  ,4CXl2-iC,F 

Socket  For  4CX30QA.Y ,4CX1 25C ,F 

Socket  For  4CK1000A , 4CX1 500R 

Chimney  For  4CX1GQGA,  4CX 150015 

Socket  For  4CX1000A,4CX1 500B 

Socket  For  4X500A 

Chimney  For  4X500A 

Socket  For  5CX3O0OA 

Socket  For  4CV800QA 


SF0R 
5520.00 
260.00 

74.00 
36.00 

390.00 
51.00 
73.00 
IK  00 

60.00 

60.  on 

66,00 

10.00 

66.00 

34 .  00 

36.00 

71,00 

225,00 

225*00 

86.00 

86,00 

225,00 

40,00 

225.00 

300.00- 

57.00 

650.00 

535.00 


JOHNSON  TUBE  SOCKETS  AND  CHIMNEYS 


124-111/SK606 

122-0275-001 
124-0113-00 
124-116/SK630A 
124-1 15-2/SK620A 


Chimney  For  4CX2  50B,BC,FG ,R,  4CX350A,FfFJ 

Speket  For  3-50OZ,  4-123A,  250A,  400A,  4- 500 A,  5- 

Capacitor  Ring 

Socket  For  4CX250B,BC,FG,R,  /iCX:J50A,F,FJ 

Socket  For  4CX25QB ,BC,FG*R,  /4CX350A ,F ,FJ 

813  Tube  Socket 


500A 


S  10,00 
(pair) 15. 00 
15.00 
55.00 
55,00 
20.00 


CHIP   CAPACITORS 

■  8pf 

lOpf 

iPf 

12pf 

l.lpf 

ISpf 

1.4pf 

ISpf 

L.Spf 

20pf 

LBpf 

22pf 

2.2pf 

24pf 

2.7pf 

27pf 

3.3pf 

33pf 

3.6pf 

39pf 

3.9pf 

47pf 

4,7pf 

blpf 

5.6pf 

56pf 

6.8pf 

6Spf 

8.2pf 

8Zpf 

lOOpf* 

HOpf 

120pf 

13Upf 
150pf 

leopf 

I80pf 
200pf 
220pf* 

240pf 
270pf 
300pf 
330pf 
360pf 
390pf 


PRICES; 


I  to  10  - 

II  to  50  ■ 
51  to  100 


90* 


101  to 
1001  & 


1000 
UP 


,60C 
.35c 


470pf 
510pf 

560pf 

620pf 

680pf 

820pf 

lOOOpf/.OOluf* 

lSOOpf/.0018uf 

2700pf/.0027uf 

10,000pf/.01uf 

12,OO0pf/.01Zuf 

15,QO0pf/.O15uf 

18,000pf/.018uf 

IS  A  SPECIAL  PRICE:   10  for  $7.50 

100  for  $65-00 
1000  for  $350,00 


riUSE   CAPS    (Plate) 

S1K00 

HRl,    4 

HR2t3,    6   |   7 

13.00 

HR5,    8 

14.00 

HR9 

17.00 

HR10 

20,00 

WATKIN5  JOHNSON  WJ-V907 :     Voltage  Controlled  Microwave  Oscillator 


$110.00 


Frequency  range  3.6  to  4.2GHz,  Power  ouput,  Min.  lOdBm  typical  ,  8d8m  Guaranteed. 
Spurious  output  suppression  Harmonic  (nf0)i  min.  20dB  typical,  Tn-Band  Non-Harmonic j  ruin. 
60dE  typical,  Residual  FM,  pk  to  pk,  Max.  5KHz,  pushing  factor,  Max.  8KHz/V,  Pulling  figure 
(1.5:1  VSWR),  Max,  60MHz3  Tuning  voltage  range  +1  to  +15volts.  Tuning  current,  Max.  -Q.lmA* 

modulation  sensitivity  range,  Max.  120  to  30MHz/V,  Input  capacitance,  Max,  lOOpf,  Oscillator 
Bias  +15  +-0.05  volts  0  55mA,  Max. 


Toll  Free  Number 
800-528-01 80 

(For  orders  only) 


"All  parts  may  be  new  or 
surplus,  and  parts  may  be 
substituted  with  comparable  parts 
it  we  are  out  ot  stock  of  an  Item." 


qJW gIJz  electronics 

For  information  call;  (602)  2423037 
PRICES  SUBJECT  TO  CHANGE  WITHOUT  NOTICE 


126     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


TYPE 


TUBES 


PRICE 


TYPE 


PRICE 


TVPE 


PRICE 


2C39/7289 

5  34.00 

H82/4600A 

$500.00 

KL7815AL 

S  60.00 

2E26 

7.95 

4600A 

500.00 

7843 

107.00 

2K28 

200.00 

4624 

310.00 

7854 

130.00 

3-500Z 

102.00 

4657 

84 .  00 

ML7855KAL 

125.00 

3-10G0Z/8164 

400.00 

4662 

100.00 

7984 

14,95 

3BZ8/866A 

9.50 

4665 

500 .  00 

8072 

84.00 

3CX400U7/8961 

255.00 

4687 

P.O.R. 

8106 

5.00 

3CX100DA7 78283 

526,00 

5675 

42.00 

8117A 

225.00 

3CX3000F 1/8239 

567.00 

5721 

250.00 

8121 

110,00 

3CW30000H7 

1700.00 

5768 

125.00 

8122 

110.00 

3XZ500A3 

473.00 

5819 

119.00 

8134 

470.00 

3X3000F1 

567.00 

5836 

232.50 

8156 

12,00 

4-65A/8165 

69.00 

5837 

232,50 

8233 

60-00 

4-125A/4021 

79.00 

5861 

140.00 

8236 

35.00 

4-250A/5D22 

98,00 

5867A 

185.00 

8295/PL172 

500.00 

4~4QGA/843ti 

98.00 

5868/AX9902 

270.00 

8458 

35-00 

4-400B/7527 

110.00 

5876/A 

42.00 

8462 

130.00 

4^400C/6775 

110.00 

5881/6L6 

8.00 

8505A 

95.00 

4-1000A/8166 

444.00 

5893 

60-00 

8533W 

136.00 

4CX250B/7203 

54.00 

5894/A 

54.00 

8560/A 

75.00 

4CX250FG/862I 

75.00 

5894B/8737 

54.00 

8560AS 

100.00 

4CX250K/8245 

125.00 

5946 

395.00 

8608 

38.00 

4CX250R/7580W 

90.00 

6083/AZ9909 

95.00 

8624 

100. 00 

4CX300A/S167 

170,00 

6146/6146A 

8.50 

8637 

70.00 

4CX350A/832I 

110.00 

6146B/8298 

10.50 

8643 

83.00 

4CX350F/8322 

115.00 

6146W/7212 

17.95 

8647 

168.00 

4CX350FJ/8904 

140.00 

6156 

110.00 

8683 

95.00 

4CX600J/8809 

835.00 

6159 

1.1.85 

8877 

465.00 

4CX100OA/8158 

242.50* 

6159B 

23.50 

8908 

13.00 

4CX1000A/8168 

485.00 

6161 

325,00 

8950 

13-00 

4CX1500B/8660 

555.00 

6280 

42.50 

8930 

137,00 

4CX5000A/8170 

1100,00 

6291 

180.00 

6L6  Metal 

25.00 

4CX1O0G0D/8171 

1255.00 

6293 

24.00 

6L6GC 

5. 03 

4CX1S000A/8281 

1500.00 

6326 

P.O.R. 

6CA7/EL34 

5.38 

4CW800F 

710.00 

6360/A 

5,75 

6CL6 

3.50 

4032 

240.00 

6399 

540.00 

6DJ8 

2.50 

4E27A/5-125B 

240.00 

655QA 

10.00 

6DQ5 

6.58 

4PR60A 

200.00 

6883B/8032A/8552 

10.00 

6GF5 

5.85 

4PR60B 

345.00 

6897 

160.00 

6GJ5A 

6.20 

4PR65A/8187 

175.00 

6907 

79.00 

6GK6 

6.00 

4PR1000A/8189 

59Q.O0 

6922/6DJ8 

5.00 

6HB5 

6.00 

4X15QA/7034 

60.00 

6939 

22 .  00 

6HF5 

8.73 

4X150D/7609 

95.00 

7094 

250,00 

6JG6A 

6.28 

4X250B 

45.00 

7117 

38.50 

6JH6 

6.00 

4X250F 

45 .  00 

7203 

P.O.R. 

6JN6 

6.00 

4X500A 

412.00 

7211 

100,00 

6JS6C 

7.25 

5CX1500A 

660.00 

7213 

300.00* 

6KN6 

5.05 

KT88 

27.50 

7214 

300.00* 

6K06 

8.25 

416B 

45.00 

7271 

135.00 

6LF6 

7.00 

416C 

62.50 

7289/2C39 

34.00 

6LQ6  G.E. 

7.00 

572B/T160L 

49.95 

7325 

P.O.R. 

6LQ6/6MJ6  Sylvania 

9.00 

592/3- 200A3 

211.00 

7360 

13.50 

6ME6 

8,90 

807 

o.50 

7377 

85.00 

12AT7 

3,50 

SUA 

15.00 

7408 

2.50 

12AX7 

3.00 

12* 

29.00 

7609 

95.00 

12BY7 

5.00 

813 

50.00 

7735 

36.00 

12JB6A 

6.50 

NOTE 


=  USED  TUBE 


NOTE  P.O.R.  =  PRICE  ON  REQUEST 


"ALL  PARTS  MAY  BE  NEW,  USED,  OR  SURPLUS.   PARTS  MAY  BE  SUBSTITUTED  WITH  COMPARABLE  PARTS  IF  WE 
ARE  OUT  OF  STOCK  OF  AN  ITEM. 


NOTICE:  ALL  PRICES  ARE  SUBJECT  TO  CHANGE  WITHOUT  NOTICE. 


For  information  call:  (602)  242-3037 


Toll  Free  Number 
800-528-0180 
(For  orders  only) 


"All  parts  may  be  new  or 
syrpius.  and  parts  may  be 
substituted  with  comparable  parts 
■f  we  are  out  ol  stock  of  an  item." 


^tGt\x  elect roi\ic$ 


PRICES  SUBJECT  TO  CHANGE  WITHOUT  NOTICE 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     127 


"FILTERS" 

COLLINS  Mechanical  Filter  #526-9724-010  MODEL  R55Z32F 

455KHZ  at  3.2KH2  wide.  May  be  otlier  nodeis  but  equivalent.  May  be  used  or  new,  $15,99 

ATLAS  Crystal  Filters 

5.595-2.7/8/ISB,   5.595-2.7/LSB 

8  pole  2.7KHz  wide  Upper  sideband,    Irrpedenoe  BOGohms  15pf  iJi/SOQohms  Opf  out.  19,99 

5.595-2.7/B/U,    5.595-2.7/USB 

8  pole  2*l¥hz   wide  Upper  sideband*  Inpedence  800ohms  15pf  In/800ohms  Opf  out.     19.99 

5. 595-. 500/4,  5. 595-. 500/4 /CW 

4  pole  500  cycles  wide  CW.  Impedance  SOQohms  15pf  In/800ohms  Opf  out.  19,99 

9 . OUSB/CW 

6  pole  2,7KHs  wide  at  6dB.   Impedance  680ofrns  7pf  In/300ohms  8pf  out.  CW™1599Hz  19*99 

K0KUSA1  ELECTRIC  CO,  Mechanical  Filter  W1F-155-ZL/ZU-21H 

455KH2  at  Center  Frequency  of  453. 5KC.  Carrier  Frequency  of  455KHz  2.36KC  Bandwidth. 
Upper  sidebar*},      (ZU)  19.99 


Lower  sideband.      f2L) 


«  »  *  #  * 


••*»**«•*•*»»••*** 


•«*•«•••«•***#«««•••••• ##**•**•••*•*♦•• 


19,99 


CRYSTAL  FILTERS 


NIKKO 

TEW 

SDK 

TYOO/CD 
MOTOROLA 

PTI 
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PTI 

gcmtec3i 

FTLTECR 


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KEC-1Q3-2 

SCH-113A 

TF-3111250 

001019880 

48S4863B01 

5350C 

5426C 

1479 

A10300 

ERXF-15700 

2131 


7.3MHz 

10.6935MHz 

11.2735MHZ 

CF  3179. 3KHz 

10.7MHz  2pole  lSKHz  bandwidth 

11.7MHz  2pole  IBKHz  bandwidth 

12mhz  2pole  15KHz  bandwidth 

21.4MHz  2pole  lSKHz  bandwidth 

10.7MHz  Spole  bandwidth  7.5KHz  at  3dB,  5KHz  at  6dB 

45MHz  2pole  lSKHz  bandwidth 

20-Qfflz  36KHz  wide 

CF  7, 825MHz 


$10 , 00 

10.00 

10 .  00 

19,99 

5.00 

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10.00 

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CERAMIC  FILTERS 

a:*:el  4F449 

CTEVTIE  TO-01A 

TCP4-12D36A 

HJRATA  BFB45SB 

BFB455L 
CFM455E 
CFM455D 
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CFU455B 
CFU455C 
CFU455G 
CFU455H 
CFU455I 
CFW455D 
CFW455H 
SFB455D 
SFD455D 
SFE10.7M& 
SFE10.7M5 
SFG10»7MA 
IP-B4/CFU455I 
LF-B6/CFU455H 
IF-B8 
IF-C18 

CF455A/&FU455K 
EFC-L455K 


12.6KC  Bandpass  Filter  3dB  bandwidth  l.GKHz  fron  U.8-13.4KHz 

455KHz-i-2KHz  bandwidth  4-7%  at  3dB 

45GKHz^-l£Hz  bandwidth  6dB  min  12khz,   60dB  piax  36KHz 

455KHz 

455KH2 

455KHz  4-5,5KHz  at  3dB  ,  -!-8KHz  at  6dB  ,  4-16KHZ  at  50dB 

455KHZ  -WKHz  at  3dB  ,  4-l0KHz  at  6dB  ,  4-20KHZ  at  50dB 

455KHz  H-5.5KHZ  at  3dB  f  -I-8KHZ  at  6dB  ,  4-16KHz  at  60dB 

455KHz  4-2KHz  bandwidth  -i-15KI!z  at  6dB,  -J-30KHZ  at  4  0dB 

455KHz  -T-2KH2  bandwidth  -1-12. 5KHz  at  6dB  ,  +-24KHz  at  40dB 

455KHz  -r-lKHz  bandwidth  4-4*5KHz  at  6dB  ,  4-lOKHz  at  40dB 

455KHZ  4-lKHz  bandwidth  +-3KHz  at  6dB  ,  +-9KHz  at  40dB 

455KHZ  -+-1KHZ  bandwidth  4-2KHZ  at  6dB  ,  +-6KHZ  at  40dB 

455KHZ  4-lOKHz  at  6dB  ,  4^20KHz  at  40dB 

455KHz  +-3KHz  at  6d3  f  4-9KHz  at  40dB 

455KHZ 

455KHz  4-2EHz   ,    3dB  bandwidth  4,5KHz  -I-IKHZ 


NIPPCN 


TOKIN 

mrausHiRA 


10.7MHz  280KHz  4-SOKHz  at  3dB 

10,7ffiz  230KHZ  4-SOKHz  at  3dB 

10.7MHz 

455KHz  +-1KHZ 

455KHZ  4-lKHz 

455KHZ 

455KHZ 

455KHZ  +-2KHz 

455KHZ 


650KHZ  at  20dB 
570KRZ  at  20dB 


■•*»*»#*##**#####*#*•###»*♦#♦+#**#**#*»»*»#*»*«*«**• 


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SPECTRA  PHYSICS  INC.  Model  088  HeNe  LASER  TUBES 

PCWER  OUTPUT  1.6T-W.       BEAM  DIA.  .75MH         BEAM  DIR.  2.7MR 
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RQTRQN  MUFFIN  FANS  Model  MARK4/riU2Al 

LIS  VAC  14WATTS  50/60CPS  IMPEDENCE  PK7TECTEO-F 

105cm  at  60CPS  THESE  ARE  NEW 

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"AH  parts  may  be  new  or 
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substituted  with  comparable  parts 
if  we  are  out  of  stock  of  an  item  H 


For  information  call:  (602)  242*3037 


128     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


HEWLETT  PACKARD  SIGNAL  GENERATORS 


506A 

oQdB 
oOSC 

jssiq 

608E 
&03F 

612A 
i.UA 


:  ia  tWrii  in  6  K- _.  .  \uticsui  level  oojustaDle  C 
id  Jv  Into  50  CMS. Bui tt- in  crystal  COlIbroior.JiOQ  -lOCt 
•QCuicjtion.  s 


Sow  as  ODOve  but  nas  freQuenc*  ::^tro{  feature  to  -alio* 
accretion  ejltfi  HP  B7DBA  Syacnronuer^ 

10HU:  to  <*3fl«HiJ,0-luY-_lv  into  50  QFicis,Jlfl,Cw,or  pulse  bqc- 
glotion,  calibrated  attenuator, 

lOTlHr  to  *aQRHzf  D.lrtH).5v  into  50  oms,»-y\5I  occurs:*, 
U-in  crystal  calibrator.  4H-CW  or  pulse  output* 

Improves  versLon  of  popular  Gfl&LdP  to  IV  output. lncr> 
siabUtivJow  residuai  Ffl. 

1H2  to  *o5flH:  jn  5  oands  *-:;  freauen.  urac*  witn 

Dull!- in  crystal  ca  1 1 Or aior . Can  be  used  with  HP  &708A 

Output  continuously  aoiusiablf  from  ,luv  to 


rtfitnronifer. 
SV  into  SO  Q 


on  mi , 

450  lj50WHz  ^luV-U.SV  into  50    -iims,cal j bratetj  output, 

■\\\\\-.]\}im\i£  Kim  many  features  including  calibrated  output 
uni  all  modulation  characteristics. 


:  ._ 

S  SQtLOl 
S  37> 
S1450.GQ 

sugo.dq 

s  750.00 


Direct  readlna  and  direct  control  from  1.8  td  ti.2&tt2.  The 
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has  Internal  pulse  modulation  *ltn  reo  rem-  |  rom  Ml 

HZ  to  ^KHz,  variable  pulsewitfWl  to  lOusecscnd  variable  (  i 
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tfiese  necusets  am  onto  m  fax  jj  to  a      H    DU     j     a  >  amer  e&iiirt 

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7  10  Uteiz  ronge,«itfi  cohDroteo  output  ami  selection  of 
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Sane  as  above  but  later  model,  .00.00 

XO  to  l>jHzPIQih  output  potter  hi  in  calLbratea  out  rut  and 
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Synchronizer  used  *Rh  606b,6G8F  Jhe  synchronizer     s  a 
.   ck  freauency  stabilizer  #buh  provides  crystal - 
cscUlator  freauency  stabinly  to  4J0NHZ  in  ttie  fern  sigrxi] 
gene  rotor.  Phase  locking  el  iminnies  micrn  '  ,  drift 

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monv  critical  applications,  ,„  Hm 

(With  HP  60&B  or  6D6F1  *  5L.n  ml 

(Without!  *  ^50. ao 


EHI 
NF-i05F 


I    LCIROMLTRICS  EftC-10  RFT/EHI   RECEIVER 

Low  frequency  analyzer  covering  20HJ  to  BOKHz  'reauency 

range f Extendable  to  5D0  km.-  r   wideband  mode. 


Intensity  tecer. 


Empire  Devices  Field     i tensity.  P 

HdS  HF-lQ5/ffr*NF-105/TX.NF-:  :  . NF-105/TJ  ..Nf  -105 

Covers  !4Khz  to  lOQOHHz. 


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BALES  TAX:  AniDna  muii  edd  5V*  sales  Ian  unli-it  *  inflnad  An«ni  ra*alB  lai  card  is  currenlly  cm  tua  *llti 
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(For  ordtrs  onty) 


- 


See  Lrsr  of  Aovetusets  on  page  TT4 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1964     129 


l 


'     *—  1. 


J 


'*      " 


?  year  rajggjfr 


A  year  of  73 


$17.97 


Amateur  Radio's 
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341 FB 


73:  Amateur  Radio's  Technical  journal  •  Box  931  •  Farmingdale,  NY  11737 


130     73  Magazine  ■  January,  1984 


Mooe-  hP6v  Comptetetv  automatic  oancJswurM.ny 
SOttwtNjgh  1 0  ptu*  30  meit^t  Outperforms  aN  4-  and 
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From  QRP  to  SSB, 
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Over  50  value- 
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hardware  nnd  are  qua  radioed  for  a  full  year  For  further 
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Get  more  information  in  the 

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73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     131 


«•£* 


A 


6 


THE  SCHEDULER 


The  RC-850  Repeater  Controller  Is  changing  what  repeaters  are  all  about  The 
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Of  course,  the  Scheduler  easily  handles  your  day  to  day  control  op  chores,  such  as 
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that's  just  the  beginning. 

"We  have  a  weather  radro  storm  alert  connected  toour'850  over*the- air  alarm,"  re  ports 
VE3MEG.  "The  scheduler  disables  the  alarm  at  the  weekly  test  time  so  we  don't  have  false 
alarms." 

WB6KHP  lells  us  that  "My  220  repeater  has  a  2  meter  remote  base  and  the  scheduler 
links  us  up  weekly  for  Westlink  and  our  club's  2  meter  net  The  "850  also  reminds  us  of  our 
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Automatic  net  and  meeting  reminders,  scheduled  control  of  the  remote  bases  and  links, 
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Assistance 

and      cross 

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Call  our  Engineering  Dept  (819)  744-0728 

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BF  Parrs  Catalog  Avail.    OEM  &  Quantity  Discounts 
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prtnt  \f  U  address  ha 


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Fact  2:  There  is  a  direct  correlation  between 

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73,   80  Pine  St.,  Peterborough,  NH  03458. 


73 


Amateur  Radio's 
Technical  Journal 


SO  Pine  Street  Peterborough,  NH  03458 

800-343-0728 


132     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


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See  List  of  Advertisers  on  page  t  J4 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     133 


international) 


from  page  80 

1914  km  on  1296  MHz  and  1663  km  on  10 
GHz! 

Last  summer  that  worldwide-known 
GHz  DXer  bettered  a  fantastic  world  rec- 
ord  of  1166  km  or>  10  GHz  from  Sagunto. 
Spain,  to  Italy,  On  July  2nd,  Nicola  joined 
IGSC  and  WKBL  in  Ceuta,  With  them  was 
Bernardo  EA5RK.  Nicola's  car  hauled  a 
trailer  with  gear  for  144  MHz,  HF,  and  the 
GHz  transceivers. 

They  met  many  hams  from  Ceuta, 
EA9LT,  EA9GH,  EA9KF,  EA9LV.  and 
EA9GH,  who  gave  their  assistance,  pro- 
viding permission  to  Install  the  setup  and 
the  antennas  on  the  Ceuta  lighthouse,  400 
feet  above  sea  level. 

*  July  4— Nicola  starts  with  two  GSOs  on 
144  MHz  MSr  contacting  I4BXN  and 
F6FHI. 

•  July  5— There  is  an  E-sporadic  aper- 
ture: Nicola  contacts  on  144  MHz  several 
YUs  and  Is  with  signals  far  in  excess  of  S9. 
These  are  the  first  EA9-YU  QSOs  In  histo 
ry.  At  15Q7Z,  a  contact  is  established  on 


1296  MHz  with  IBTUSia.  The  QRB  is  1914 
km,  a  world  record. 

•  July  6— At  i052H  an  ES  contact  with 
9H1CG,  a  new  one  on  144  between  EA9 
and  9H  Then  dozens  of  ES  contacts  with 
Italy  and  Yugoslavia.  The  signals  are  ter- 
rific: The  S-meter  is  pinning  up  to  full 
scale.  At  1804,  another  new  one  with 
G4IJE;  then,  at  1B45,  GI4TAP  (first  QSO 
EA9-GI);  at  1847,  EI2CA,  and  at  1917. 
GW8FKB  (two  new  ones  with  EA9), 

•  July  7 — A  one-hour  opening  on  1296 
and  many  QSOs  with  Sicily.  1BHOC/IT9 
displays  In  Ceuta  a  signal  of  S9+20, 
Giuseppe  has  gone  portable  from  Rome  to 
Sicily  )ust  to  try  the  contacts 

Then  the  magic  moments:  At  1600,  the 
contact  is  established  with  fair  signals 
with  IW0SClfnT9,  France,  with  a  QRB  of 
1621  km)  After  seven  minutes,  again  the 
record  with  IBNLK/IT9,  The  entire  Roma 
Microwave  Gang  was  In  Sicily  to  attend 
the  IflSNY  enterprise. 

Three  hours  after  the  record  Is  filed,  a 
new  contact  with  IGIMLK/IE9,  Isle  of  Usll- 
ca,  brings  the  record  to  1663  km,  almost 
500  km  more  than  the  19&2  record  from 


ITALIAN  CALL  AREAS 

I1JK1JW1* 

Liguria  and  Plemonte  (N,W-  Italy) 

12,  IK2,  IW2 

Lombardia  (H.  Italy) 

1X1,  IW1 

Valle  d'Aosta  (N.W.  Italy)- 

13,  IK3S  IW3 

Veneto  (M,E.  Italy) 

IN3,  IW3 

Trentino  Alto  Adige  (NE.  Italy) 

IV3,  IW3 

Friuli  Venezia  Giulla  (IM,E,  Italy) 

14,  IK4,  IW4 

Emilia  (N,  Italy) 

15,  IK5,  IW5 

Toscana  iC.  Italy) 

16,  lK6r  IW6 

Marche  and  Abruzzi  (C,E.  Italy) 

17,  IK?.  IW7 

Puglia(S.E.  Italy) 

IS,  IKS,  IvVS 

MoMse(S.E.  Italy) 

IB,  IKS,  iwe 

Baslllcata,  Calabria,  Campania  (S.  Italy) 

IT9,  IW9 

Sicily  (5.  Italy) 

10,  IKffl,  PWffl 

LaziolC.  W.Italy) 

IQ.  IK0,  (WG 

Umbria  (Q  Italy) 

ISA,  IW0U 

Sardinia  (W.  Etaly) 

"  The  IW  prefi> 

[  is  for  special  no-code  license,  144  MHz  and  up, 

Sag  unto  to  Rome.  The  day  is  not  ended, 
as  IWQBHN  is  contacted  on  10  GHz:  1603 
km,  not  a  record  but  great  OX! 
*9  and  10  July— The  team  is  now  in  Mo- 
rocco and  gets  several  new  contacts  from 
that  country  on  144  and  432  MHz.  But  the 
most  Interesting  QSO  is  the  contact  with 
I0HOC/IT9  on  1296:  two  hours  of  conversa- 
tion with  steady  signals  of  S9  +  40  dB,  full 
scale!  Nicola  then  tries  FM:  S9  +  40 
again! 
Too  many  bureaucratic  difficulties   in 


Morocco,  so  I0SNY  and  his  friends  leave 
for  Perugia,  the  nice,  historical.,  small  City 
where  he  lives,  in  central  Italy. 

Boys,  let's  see  what  he  will  do  next  sum- 
mer! 

ITALIAN  ISLANDS  AWARD  (II A) 

The  Italian  Islands  Award  is  issued  by 
ARI  (Associazione  Radioamatori  ItalianI) 
to  all  radio  amateurs  and  SWLs  world- 
wide. The  award  can  be  obtained  on  the 
following  frequencies  and  with  the  follow- 


ITALIAN  ISLANDS  AWARD 


List  of  the  Islands  and  points,  (To  save  space, 
bands  are  indicated.  There  is  a  different  poi 
bands  (VHF,  UHF,  up  3  GHz).  The  complete 
the  ARI  Award  Manager  with  an  SASE. 

Isole  Liguri — IA4 

Palmaria  2 

Tino  3 

Tinetto  4 

Gallinara  3 

Bergeggi  2 

Arc  i  pel  a  go  Ponziano — IB0 

Ponza  1 

Gavi  2 

Belle  5 

Cappellc  5 

Formiche  5 

Le  Gal  ere  5 

Mezzogiorno  5 

PaJmarola  3 

Piatti  5 

S,  Stefano  2 

Ventotene  1 

Zannone  2 


only  the  points  achieved  on  the  HF 

nt  scale  for  the  contacts  on  other 
point  table  can  be  requested  from 


Arc!  pel  ago  Napoletano 

— ica 

ischia 

i 

Proclda 

1 

Ll  Galll 

4 

Nlsida 

4 

Vivara 

1 

Capri 

1 

Isola  di  Ustica— IE9 

Us  t  ica 

1 

Banco  Apello 

2 

Co  lorn  bar  a 

2 

Medico 

2 

Isole  Pelagie— IG9 

Lamped  us  a 

2 

Lampione 

3 

Llnosa 

3 

Isola  Conigh 

5 

I  sola  dl  Pantelleria  — IH9 
Pantelieria  1 

Arclpetago  Toscano— IA5 
Elba  1 

Corbella  2 

Gemini  2 

Meioria  2 


Ogliera 

2 

Ortano 

2 

Pa  I  ma  ro!  a 

1 

Remaiolo 

2 

Scoglietto 

2 

Sedia  Paolina 

2 

Scoglio  Africa 

3 

Topi 

2 

Triglia 

2 

Gorgon  a 

1 

Montecristo 

3 

Pianosa 

2 

Cerboii 

2 

Falconcino 

2 

Santa  Lucia 

2 

Gapraia 

1 

Giannutri 

2 

Gigito 

1 

Argentaroia 

3 

Formica  Burano 

2 

Formic  he 

2 

Isola  Rossa 

2 

Isolotto 

3 

Sparvlero 

2 

Arcipelago  dalle  Eolie- 

-ID9 

Lipari 

1 

Alicudi 

1 

Filicudi 

1 

Canna 

5 

Montenassarl 

3 

Panarea 

3 

Basiluzzo 

3 

Battara 

3 

Dattilo 

5 

Formic  he 

3 

Li  sea  Bianca 

3 

LI  sea  Nera 

3 

Panarelli 

3 

Spinazzola 

3 

Sallna 

1 

Stromboli 

1 

Strombolicchio 

2 

Vulcano 

1 

PofceMi 

Favtgnana 

Formica 

Galeotta 

Maraone 

Preveto 

Levanzo 

Marettimo 


5 

1 
2 
5 
2 
5 
1 
1 


Arcipelago  Cheradi  — U7 
San  Paolo  2 

San  Pietro  2 


Arcipelago  dalle  Egadr— IF9 
Asineili  5 


(sole  Tremiti— IL7 

San  Domino 

1 

San  Nicola 

1 

Caprara 

2 

Cretaccio 

2 

Pianosa 

4 

Arcipelago  delta  Maddalena— IM0 

Maddalena 

1 

Barrettini 

2 

Biscie 

2 

Budelli 

2 

Can  a 

4 

Caprera 

1 

Cavalli 

3 

Corcalli 

2 

La  Presa 

2 

Monaci 

2 

Pi  ana 

2 

Porraggla 

2 

Porco 

2 

Ratino 

2 

Razzoli 

2 

Santa  Maria 

2 

Santo  Stefano 

2 

Spargl 

2 

S  pa  rg  lotto 

4 

Asmara 

2 

Cappuecini 

4 

Delia  Bocca 

4 

Figarolo 

4 

Foradada 

4 

Delli  Nibani 

4 

Poveri 

4 

Isolotto  Rossa 

4 

Le  C  a  mere 

4 

Le  Soft I 

4 

Maddalena  Algherc 

4 

Mann  or  at  a 

4 

Moiara 

2 

Molarotto 

5 

Mortorio 

5 

Mortoriotto 

5 

Pagiiosa 

4 

Pecora 

4 

Pedrami 

4 

Piana  di  Aighero 

4 

Porri 

4 

Proratola 

4 

Rossa 

4 

Rossa  dl  Bosa 

4 

Ruja 

4 

Scoglio  Businco 

5 

Corona  Niedda 

5 

Scoglio  Forani 

5 

Scoglio  Paganetto 

5 

Tawoiara 

2 

Arcipelago  Cagtiarl — I 

Cavoli  4 

Corno  4 

II  Toro  2 

La  Vacca  2 

Mai  di  Ventre  2 

Meli  4 

Oghastra  4 

Piana  S.  Pietro  4 

Quirra  4 

Ratti  4 

Rossa  Teulada  4 

San  Macario  4 

San  Pietro  1 

Sant'Antioco  1 

Serpentara  4 

Tuaredda  4 

Varigllonl  4 

tsole  di  Oristano — I M0 

Scoglio  La  Ghinghetla  5 

Scoglio  Mangiabarche  5 
Scoglio  Pan  dl 

Zucchero  5 


Sardegna—  ISO 

Slclly-ITS 

Minor  Islands 
Prefix  13 
Prefix  !V3 
Prefix  17 
Prefix  IS 
(Sicilian) 
Prefix  1T9 


1 
1 

1 
1 
3 

1 

4 


134     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


ing  modes:  Frequencies:  HF,  VHF.  UHF. 
microwaves  above  3  GHz.  Modes.  SSB, 
CW.  mixed.  RTTY. 

To  obtain  the  award,  ihe  ama- 
teurs/SWLs  must  work/hear  Italian  is- 
lands to  obtain  the  following  score: 
OX— 10  points;  EU— 20  points:  Italy— 40 
points. 

Contacts  are  valid  starting  from  Janu- 
ary 1. 1970. 

Pom 1 5  must  be  calculated  following  Ihe 
If st  {see  box)  Different  islands  of  ihe 
same  archipelago  can  be  contacted,  and 
the  points  achieved  added  tip.  The  same 
island  of  the  same  arc  hi  pet  ago  can  be 
worked  on  different  bands  and  modes. 
I.e.,  Hve  different  contacts  with  the  same 
island  but  on  five  different  bands  count  5 
x  points  assigned  to  lhai  island. 

Honor  ftoit— This  endorsement  Is 
achieved  with  a  minimum  of  GO  points, 

58u a— To  obtain  this  award,  10  con- 
tacia  must  be  made  with  islands  or 
groups  of  islands  on  5  HF  bands. 

The  IIA  must  be  requested  from  the  ARI 
Award  Manager,  Via  Scarlatti  31 ,  20124 
Mitano.  Italy  It  Is  not  necessary  to  send 
OSL  cards;  a  list  log  formed  is  sulttcient 
The  OSL  cards  mu si  be  in  the  possession 
of  the  applicant  and  should  be  sent  if  re- 
quested by  the  Award  Manager. 

Fee:  Any  application  must  be  sen  I  with 
US  »  00  Or  30  IRCs 


KOREA 

J,  Michael  Wengerr  Hf.SK  7 

do  ABC  News 

CPO  Bex  2961 

Qamd 

Korea 

Amateur  radio  operators  in  Korea  were 
surprised  recently  to  receive  letters  from 
Ihe  "Korean  Radio  Operators  Associa- 
tion.'" a  group  of  professional  radio  opera- 
tors, requesting  (hem  to  maii  tees  1o  the 
organization  and  to  make  their  stations 
available  for  inspection  Apparently,  the 
Korean  Ministry  of  Communications 
fMOQ.  which  is  responsible  for  issuance 
of  ail  commercial  and  amateur  radio  li- 
censes and  for  inspection  of  aiJ  classes  of 
radio  transmitting  stations,  has  decided 
thai  the  annual  inspection  required  for  all 
amateur  stations  for  license  renewal  will 
be  conducted  by  the  professional  organi- 
zation and  not  by  KARL  (Korean  Amateur 
Radio  League).  KARL  had  all  but  an- 
nounced that  they  would  soon  be  taking 
over  inspection  of  amateur  stations  from 
the  MOC.  The  reason  for  turning  over  the 
inspection  responsibility  to  an  outside  or- 
ganization was  given  as  the  excessive 
workload"  imposed  by  the  growing  num- 
ber of  new  ham  stations  in  Korea 

This  decision  from  Ihe  MOC  was  yet  an- 
other blow  to  KARL,  which  aiready  was 
smarting  from  suspicion  and  criticism 
from  Its  members  following  a  procure- 
ment scandal.  Early  (his  year,  a  general 
affairs  director  of  KARL  was  relieved  of 
his  official  duties  when  It  was  learned  that 
his  position  was  used  to  oain  exclusive 
import  rights  for  Japanese-made  trans- 
ceivers for  a  certain  Korean  import  com- 
pany whose  president  was  a  close  friend 
Of  Ihe  KARL  president.  National  Assem 
blyrnan  Lee  Min  Sup,  Lee  was  not  directly 
implicated  in  the  matter,  but  the  incident 
has  yet  to  be  resolved  to  the  satisfaction 
of  KARL  members  as  Lee  repeatedly  over 
ruled  attempts  by  individual  members  lo 
bring  up  the  matter  for  discussion  ai  the 
KARL  annual  meeting  iast  April. 


Other  matters  for  which  KARL  is  under 
attack  by  its  members  include  high  fees 
charged  for  membership  compared  to 
that  of  other  countries  Membership  rn  ihe 
League  is  compulsory  for  all  amateur  ra- 
dio operators  in  Korea  and  annual  dues 
must  be  paid  up  in  advance  (US$30}  before 
the  KARL  president's  seal  may  be  applied 
to  applications  for  annual  renewal  of  the 
station  licenses.  The  annual  inspection 
fee  comes  to  another  $22  (average}  This, 
coupled  with  high  customs  duty  and  local 
taxes,  makes  amateur  radio  in  Korea  a 
pastime  for  rich  people 

Attempts  by  KARL  to  get  mobiie/por ta- 
ble operation  reinstated  have  failed,  A 
League  source,  who  prefers  to  remain 
anonymous,  blames  Korea's  security 
agencies  for  blocking  ihe  approval, 

Although  the  total  number  of  amateurs 
in  Korea  is  on  the  increase,  the  number  of 
active  hams,  especially  on  (he  HF  bands, 
is  not  increasing  proportionately.  Korea 
has  a  Radiotelephone  Class  license  I  no- 
code  Novice)  which  permits  phone  opera- 
tion on  60,  40.  15r  and  10  meters  pius  VHF 
and  is  relatively  easy  to  get.  As  a  result, 
many  Koreans  soon  lose  interest,  self 
their  rigs,  and  buy  microcomputers,  a  phe- 
nomenon observed  in  neighboring  Japan 
which  also  has  a  box-top,  no-code  license 

HL9  operation  by  United  Nations  Com- 
mand-affiliated personnel  continues,  but 
attempts  to  get  on  the  new  Phase  ill  bird 
are  thwarted  by  tne  unavailability  of  430 
MHz.  More  on  tne  HL9s  and  the  American 
Radio  Club  m  Korea  next  month.  73  from 
the  Land  of  the  Morning  Cairn. 


LIBERIA 

Brother  "Don"' Dona  rd.  Sreffes,  CSC 

EL2AUWB3HFY 

Brothers  of  the  Holy  Cross 

St.  Patrick  High  School 

Monrovia 

Republic  of  Liberia 

What  Is  a  developing  country— in  ama- 
teur radio? 

This  question  is  under  consideration  by 
a  committee  of  ihe  Region  I  Division  Con- 
ference of  Tne  International  Amateur  Ra 
0io  Union.  When  this  question  has  been 
decided  they  will  study  a  proposal  "To  es- 
tablish a  means  of  funding,  and  guide- 
lines  for  effective  operation  for  the  Promo- 
tion of  Amateur  Radio  in  the  Developing 
Countries." 

Here  is  another  quote: " .  .  ■  for  example, 
m  Liberia  there  are  67  licensed  amateurs 
of  which  26  are  members  of  the  Liberia  n 
Radio  Amateur  Association  (LRAAj  Of 
the  67.  only  10  are  indigenous  Libenans 

Here  m  Monrovia,  we  have  just  finished 
a  course  in  amateur  radio,  Out  of  a  hun- 
dred and  twenty  students  who  registered 
for  the  course,  twenty-si*  came  in  to  sil 
for  ihe  examination.  Of  these,  four  passed 
the  General  test  and  four  passed  Ihe  Nov- 
ice test. 


We  are  a  developing  country.  There  is 
no  lack  ol  interest,  and  the  data  given 
above  is  enough  evidence  of  that.  The  da- 
ta given  above  might  also  be  an  indication 
of  Ihe  handicaps  under  which  we  and  the 
students  must  work,  it  takes  a  lot  of  cour- 
age for  a  high  school  student  or  an  adult 
to  study  amateur  radio  without  a  textbook 
or  a  code  oscillator. 

We  are  very  much  encouraged  by  the 
fad  thai  the  Region  I  Conference  is  aware 
of  our  problems  and  is  actively  engaged  rn 
an  effort  to  soive  them.  They  propose  to 
set  up  a  resource  center  that  will  make 
available  an  hinds  of  instructional  materi- 
als. They  will  stock  printed  materials  thai 
are  either  donated  or  that  are  obtainable 
free  of  charge  and  will  appropriate  an  on 
going  fund  to  purchase  Instructional  ma 
terials  and  lo  pay  shipping  charges.  They 
are  even  exploring  the  possibility  of  pro- 
viding instructors  if  they  are  not  otherwise 
available 

This  is  an  ambitious  idea  but  it  can 


MEXICO'S  NATIONAL 
EMERGENCY  NET 

DIRECTOR 

National  Emergency  Coordinator 

Special  Events  Coordinator 

VHF  Coordinator 

Public  Relations  Coordinator 

Treasurer 

Secretary 

Region  *  1 
North  Baja  Calif. 

Sinaloa 

South  Bat  a  Calif. 

So  nora 

Region  #2 

Chihuahua 

Durango 

Region  13 

Coahuila 

Nuevo  Leon 

Tama  uli  pas 

San  Luis  Polos i 

Zacatecas 

Region  HA 

Jalisco 

Aguascalientes 

Michoacan 

Guanajuato 

Nayaril 

Region  #5 

Mexico  City 

Hi  da  loo 

Mextco  Slate 

Ouerelaro 

Region  #6 

Chiapas 

Morales 

Guerrero 

Oaxaca 

Region  #7 

Puebla 

Traxcala 

Tabasco 

Veracruz 

Region  it 

Campeche 

Ouintana  Roo 

Yucatan 


EMERGENCY  FREQUENCIES  OF  THE 

MEXICAN  NATIONAL  EMERGENCY  NET 

Phone 

3,680  MHz 

Code 

3.690  MHz 

7,020  MHz 

7,060  MHz 

14,040  MHz 

t4.l20MHz 

21,060  MHz 

21,180  MHz 

50,040  MHz 

50,040  MHz 

144,500  MHz 

144,500  MHz 

worn,  and  it  ft  is  handled  in  ihe  manner  in 
which  amateurs  traditionally  handle  their 
undertakings,  it  will  indeed  do  whai  it  is 
supposed  to  do.  It  will  succeed, 

One  can  only  guess  what  is  happening 
in  other  developing  countries,  but  here  In 
Liberia  there  is  real  promise  of  progress. 
We  have,  at  the  present  time,  five  places, 
all  of  them  school  locations  run  by  mis- 
sionaries, where  there  is  one  fin  some 
cases  more)  dedicated  person  ready  to 
conduct  classes  in  amateur  radio  even  un 
dor  existing  conditions.  If  we  can  apply  to 
the  Region  I  committee,  or  to  anyone  else 
for  that  matter,  for  esseniial  teaching  ma- 
terials, it  would  increase  very  much  the  ef- 
fectiveness of  our  work, 


MEXICO 

Mark  K   Toutjian  XE1MKT 
Apartado  Postal  42-04$ 
06470  Mexico.  D.F, 

MEXICO'S  NATIONAL 
EMERGENCY  NETWORK 

One  of  ihe  many  activities  that  has 
been  developed  over  the  years  here  in 
Mexico,  as  in  many  countries,  is  the  coop- 
eration among  many  ham  radio  operators 
during  catastrophes,  natural  disasters, 
and  airplane  accidents,  as  well  as  work  on 
problems  with  mobiles  (aulo  and  mari- 
time). In  1943,  a  communications  net 
known  by  the  name  of  The  Emergency 
Chain  of  Ham  RadJo  Operators  of  the 
Southeast  was  established  In  order  to  pro- 
vide auxiliary  services  along  the  coast  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  principally  in  the  Slate 
of  Veracruz  It  was  formally  accepted  in 
1949  due  to  the  aid  of  many  national 
hams 

Later  on.  in  1960,  a  group  ot  ham  opera 
tors  who  were  members  of  the  Mexican 
Radio  Experimenters  League  undertook 
the  labor  of  forming  a  nationwide  emer- 
gency network  that  would  also  be  tied  In 
with  emergency  networks  in  other  coun- 
tries. Frequencies  were  then  established 
(see  box  for  current  frequencies  being 
used).  This  National  Emergency  Network 
was  fully  organized  finally  by  1963.  One  of 
today's  most  leading  authorities  or  repre- 
sentatives ol  the  network  is  Pa  Wo  A. 
Mooser  XE1SR  who  serves  as  president  ol 
the  Mexican  Radio  Experimenters  League 
at  the  present- 
Organizational  Structure 

In  order  for  this  National  Emergency 
Network  to  function  well,  't  is  obvious  that 
an  administrative  staff  is  very  necessary 
<see  box).  This  is  composed  of  its  director 
and  six  additional  positions  in  order  to  co- 
ordinate things  fully.  Under  this  admmis 
trative  at  aft.  the  country  is  divided  into 
eight  different  regions  or  zones,  each  with 
rts  own  Regional  Coordinator.  Within 
each  region  or  zone  there  are  various 
states,  each  with  lis  own  State  Coordina- 
tor. These  coordinators  have  in  mind  the 
development  of  special  programs  for 
members  of  the  net  so  as  to  be  able  to 
function  efficiently  under  most  emergen- 
cy situations.  (This  is  very  similar  to  emer- 
gency networks  in  other  countries  f  The 
structure  may  be  of  use  to  some  of  you 
who  ptan  on  organizing  an  emergency  net- 
work m  your  own  country  where  ham  ac- 
tivities are  starting  to  boom. 

Certificates  Available 
Irom  ihe  Network 

Mexico's  National  Emergency  Network 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     135 


encourages  new  membership  and  more 
cooperation  by  means  of  authorizing 
three  different  certificates,  yearly.  This  is 
done  by  calculating  Individual  attendance 
figures  during  each  year  First,  one  has  to 
be  a  member  of  the  net  This  organized 
transmission  takes  place  daily  at  2100 
GMT  on  3.690  MHz  and  on  the  2nd  and  4th 
Sundays  of  each  month  at  1000  <3MT  on 
7.060  MHz.  (Tr*6  frequency  chart  shows 
frequencies  to  use  when  disaster  strikes; 
they  are  used  frequently  for  get-to- 
gethers.) 

1)  The  first  certificate  is  available  for 
having  attended  50  sessions  with  the  net 
during  the  year  {once  a  weeK). 

2)  The  second  oertif  icate  Is  available  for 
having  attended  150  times  during  the  year 
(three  times  a  week), 

3)  The  third  and  last  certificate  Is  avail- 
able for  having  been  on  frequency  and  re- 
ported your  call  300  times  during  one  year 
{six  times  a  week). 

The  National  Emergency  Network  can 
and  has  already  presented  different  mem- 
bers with  special  certificates  upon  having 
participated  In  and  resulting  In  outstand- 
ing performances  during  emergencies, 
catastrophes,  or  In  special  situations  re- 
quiring aid. 

You  are  possibly  asking  yourself;  "How 
can  I  be  a  member?" 

Membership 

In  order  to  become  a  member,  you  must 
have  attended  at  least  24  sessions,  of  the 
net  during  a  year  {at  least  once  every  two 
weeks).  This  certificate  Is  valid  for  one 
year  and  is  renewable  upon  attending  an- 
other  24  sessions  as  mentioned  above. 

As  was  mentioned,  many  activities  are 
planned  by  the  National  Emergency  Net 
each  year,  and  here  I  could  mention  that 
the  different  radio  dubs  throughout  the 
country  work  in  harmony  with  the  net  and 
also  plan  special  events  such  as  expedi- 
tions and  other  activities  for  the  advance- 
ment of  ham  technology. 

Special  Note  to  Regional  and  Stale 
Coordinators  In  Mexico 

Upon  planning  your  future  activities,  I 
would  appreciate  it  very  much  if  you 
would  send  me  an  outline  of  such  events 
and  other  pertinent  information  that  may 
be  of  interest  to  73  readers  I  GraciasE 


The  fiea  market  at  Bad  Bentheim. 


THE  NETHERLANDS 

henk  Meerman  PQ&DDV 
Zandvoorterweg  S3 
2111  GRAefdenhout 
The  Netnerfands 

FIFTEENTH  DNAT 

From  the  26th  to  the  28th  of  August  of 
this  year,  the  DNAT  was  held.  The  DNAT 
means  Deutsch-Niederlandische  Ama- 
teurfunklage  (the  German-Dutch  Amateur 
Radio  Days). 

These  days  are  organized  by  two  Dutch 
amateur  radio  unions  and  one  German, 
namely  the  VERON,  the  VRZAt  and  the 
DARC. 

This  annual  Dutch-German  meeting 
was  held  this  year  for  the  15th  time,  in  (he 
beautiful  city  of  Bad  Bentheim,  which  is 
located  near  Almelo  (The  Netherlands), 
just  a  few  kilometers  over  the  Dutch  bor- 
der in  Germany,  Every  year  the  Dutch  and 
German  hams  and  their  families  come 
from  miies  around  to  meet  one  another  In 
Bentheim. 

This  year  also  the  DNAT  was  a  great 
success  and  hundreds  of  hams  were  pres 

136     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


ent  Also  yours  truly  was  there  with  his  YL 
to  see  what  was  on  the  program  this  year, 

My  first  pleasure  was  to  fill  up  the  tank 
of  my  car  with  much  cheaper  German  gas, 
The  difference  is  about  thirty  cents  a  liter! 
My  second  pleasure  was  to  find  a  good 
camping  spot  near  Bentheim,  The  thought 
of  taking  a  hotel  during  these  days  you 
can  forget,  because  all  the  hotels  are  fully 
booKed.  Anyway,  I  was  glad  that  I  took  my 
tent  along  because  we  had  extremely  high 
temperatures  for  our  kind  of  climate  and 
for  this  time  of  the  year. 

We  arrived  at  Bentheim  on  Friday  eve- 
ning, and  because  I  was  a  bit  tired  of  my 
work  and  I  have  to  drive  from  the  west  side 
of  my  country  to  the  east  side,  we  had  a 
few  drinks  and  went  to  sleep. 

The  next  morning  my  YL,  friends,  and  I 
checked  in  at  the  DNAT  office,  located  In 
the  DARG  {German  Amateur  Radio  Club) 
building,  We  paid  our  registration  fee  and 
received  badges  with  the  DNAT  sign.  By 
paying  the  fee>  entrance  to  all  activities 
was  free.  We  even  had  free  entrance  to  the 
Senthelmer  Casino  and  we  could  visit  the 
Amateur  Radio  Museum.  We  aiso  drove 
out  of  town  and  went  to  the  castle  of  Ben- 
theim. Afterwards  we  had  a  look  at  the 
flea  market;  you  never  know  what  bar- 
gains might  be  found. 

So  we  took  a  very  close  look  at  ali  the 
stands.  The  place  was  so  crowded  that  I 
and  my  friends  kept  in  contact  via  our 
NTs — otherwise  we  woutd  have  lost  each 
other,  Since  we  ail  came  in  one  car,  the 
thought  of  losing  one  other  was  not  a 
pleasant  idea! 

There  was  much  to  see,  from  pieces  of 
junk  to  complete  HF  lines  with  reasonable 
pricetags.  I  bought  some  spare  tubes  for 
some  receivers;  the  price  of  one  tube  was 
one  mark.  What  can  you  buy  for  one  mark 
these  days? 

After  the  flea  market  full  of  "sonde- 
rangebot,"  as  the  Germans  call  It,  we  had 
a  look  in  the  large  school  building  where  a 
number  of  German  dealers  had  their 
stands.  All  the  big  names  in  ham  equip- 
ment were  present,  and  often  these  deal- 
ers had  special  DNAT  prices  We  bought 
some  antenna  stuff. 

In  the  evening  we  went  to  a  large  ham- 
fest  In  the  garden  of  the  castle  of  Ben 
theim,  where  we  could  dance  to  the  mu- 
sic of  a  combo.  On  Sunday  morning  we 
packed  up  our  things  and  went  home 
again,  It  all  was  a  great  success,  and  I 
promised  myself  and  my  YL  that  we'll  be 
there  again  ne*t  year. 

NEW  RULE 

A  new  rule  In  Dutch  amateur  radio  li- 
cense conditions  requires  that  all  hams 
make  a  complete   Inventory  of  ail   the 


transmitters  they  own.  This  list  has  to  be 
in  the  station's  logbook  and  must  include 
serial  numbers,  date  of  selling  or  pur- 
chase, type  of  equipment,  power  output, 
and  name  and  address  from  whom  the  rig 
was  bought  and  to  whom  the  rig  was  sold. 
So,  In  the  future,  all  Dutch  hams  wIN  need 
an  accountant  to  keep  papers  in  order. 
(Hi). 


NEW  ZEALAND 

De$  Chapman  ZL2  VR 
459  Kennedy  Road 
Napter 
New  Zealand 

This  month  I  shall  explain  about  the 
birth  of  the  Amateur  Radio  Emergency 
Corps  of  the  New  Zealand  Association  of 
Radio  Transmitters 

THE  t931  EARTHQUAKE 

"There  can  be,  at  this  time,  no  more  top- 
ical or  important  subject  than  the  calami- 
tous earthquake  that  has  almost  razed  to 
the  ground  the  towns  of  Napier  and  Hast- 
ings. The  day  of  February  3rd,  1 931 ;  wll  I  re- 
main for  long  a  day  of  grief  and  consterna- 
tion for  the  country  as  a  whole,  even  as  for 
years  the  date  79  A.D.'  was  significant  for 
the  annihilation  of  the  cities  of  Hercula- 
neum  and  Pompeii  by  Vesuvius." 

So  went  the  editorial  from  Break-in  for 
the  month  of  February,  1931.  It  goes  on  to 
extol  the  feats  of  two  local  Hawkes  Say 
amateur  radio  enthusiasts  from  Napier 
and  Hastings  who  were  able  to  transmit 
messages  to  the  outside  world  of  the  trag- 
edy of  that  day.  ZL2GE  {George  Tyler)  and 
ZL2BE  (Jim  Mills)  provided  the  only  com- 
munications links  with  places  outside  the 
earthquake-affected  area  in  those  early 
few  hours  after  the  first  shocks  at  10  50 
that  morning. 

There  were  some  other  radio  stations 
on  board  ships  in  the  harbor  which  were 
able  to  call  for  help,  too,  but  the  amateur 
stations  were  operating  From  the  centers 
of  the  two  stricken  cities.  Both  stations 
were  battery  operated  and  had  contact 
with  other  amateur  stations.  Early  in  the 
emergency,  the  New  Zealand  Post  and 
Telegraph  Department  requisitioned  the 
amateur  stations  at  Napier  and  Hastings 
as  well  as  an  amateur  station  in  Welling- 
ton so  that  there  were  communications 
links  available  for  emergency  traffic  in  the 


first  24  hours  after  the  calamity  and  until 
the  telegraph  and  telephone  lines  were  re- 
paired and  normal  communications  were 
restored. 

THE  RADIO  EMERGENCY  CORPS 

That  very  briefly  indicates  the  happen- 
ings of  the  1931  February  day  when  the 
earthquake  struck.  As  a  direct  result  of 
the  success  of  the  earthquake  amateur  ra- 
dio communications  network,  the  New 
Zealand  Association  of  Radio  Transmit- 
ters formed  the  Radio  Emergency  Corps 
In  March,  1932. 

Previously,  about  1930,  as  a  result  of 
suggestions  at  a  Headquarters  meeting,  a 
form  of  communications  network  was  set 
up  under  the  name  of  the  Guard  System 
and  introduced  In  March,  1931.  Guard  sta- 
tions were  res te red  two  nights  each  week 
to  operate  a  traffic  net  between  HQ  and 
the  Branches  of  NZART.  Rosters  were 
published  in  Break  m  and  the  NZART 
Journal,  and  the  Guard  System  operated 
from  6:30  pm  to  10:00  pmP  Monday  to  Fri- 
day, and  6:00  pm  to  11:00  pm,  Saturday 
and  Sunday. 

It  was  intended  that  in  times  of  an  emer- 
gency, ail  Guard  Stations  would  stand  by 
for  the  Control  Guard  Station  in  the  Dis- 
trict affected  by  the  emergency  and  han- 
dle any  traffic  as  required.  This  Guard  Sys- 
tem gave  the  members  practice  in  han- 
dling messages  on  the  air  and  established 
a  link  between  HQ  and  the  Branches.  The 
system  was  most  successful,  and  many 
messages  were  transmitted  and  received 
every  week  on  a  scheduled  basis.  Howev- 
erk  in  due  course,  the  New  Zealand  Post 
and  Telegraph  Department,  the  regulatory 
body  m  New  Zealand,  decided  this 
message  service  was  contrary  to  the  radio 
regulations  governing  the  amateur  ser- 
vice here  (no  third-party  traffic  allowed), 
so  NZART  discontinued  the  Guard 
System. 

About  the  same  time  as  the  Guard  Sys- 
tem was  being  formulated,  a  Christchurch 
group  of  amateurs  under  Norm  Laugeson 
ZL3AS  assisted  by  Hugh  Simpson  ZL3CF, 
Jack  Eliiott  ZL3CC.  and  Les  Hurrell  ZL3BG 
had  set  up  a  group  in  that  area  able  to  go 
into  action  in  an  emergency  at  short  no- 
tice should  the  necessity  arise.  But  be- 
cause the  Christchurch  group  was  part  of 
the  Radio  Society  of  Christchurch  and  the 
Third  District  Transmitters  Association, 
the  two  clubs  catering  to  the  local  bud- 
ding radio  enlhusists  of  the  30s,  they  were 
not  pari  of  the  NZART  message-handling 
system,  although  moat  of  the  group  were 
members  of  the  NZART.  The  Third  District 
RTA  in  due  course  merged  with  the 
NZART  to  form  the  Christchurch  Branch. 

With  the  termination  of  the  Guard  Sys- 
tem, Norm  Laugeson,  then  a  Vice-Presi- 
dent of  NZART.  put  forward  a  proposal  to 
HQ  for  an  emergency  radio  communica- 
tions scheme,  and  in  February,  1932>  the 
proposal  was  adopted  by  the  Executive  of 
NZART,  and  amateur  stations  were  asked 
to  form  themselves  into  local  Sections  of 
the  Radio  Emergency  Corps,  each  self* 
contained  but  affiliated  to  the  national 
body  of  emergency  stations  at  Headquar- 
ters. Thus,  the  Radio  Emergency  Corps 
was  formed, 

The  response  from  amateurs  through- 
out the  country  was  tremendous.  A  const!* 
tution  was  produced,  and  by  March,  1932, 
nine  Sections  had  been  formed  and  a  Na- 
tional REC  Field  Day  was  held  to  test  the 
emergency  network;  £7  amateur  stations 
and  approximately  50  operators  partici- 
pated in  that  first  successful  Field  Day. 

The  Field  Day  organization  consisted  of 
at  least  three  stations,  a  Guard  Reiay  Sta- 
tion (Base  Station  today),  a  Zone  Station 
(Field  Headquarters  today),  and  an  Out- 
post Station  (or  stations)— the  same  title 
today.  Stations  were  to  organize  and  ex- 


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73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     137 


change  messages  during  ttie  exercise,  up 
and  down  the  network.  The  Guard  Relay 
Slat  ions  handled  the  messages  between 
each  District  and  distributed  the  mes- 
sages  for  their  own  District  to  the  Zone 
Stations,  which  retransmitted  them  to  the 
Outpost  Stations  Zone  and  Outpost  Sta- 
tions were  operated  at  a  portable  loca 
tion.  on  battery  power 

The  pace  of  the  organization  of  the  Ra- 
dio Emergency  Corps  continued  lo  quick- 
en, and  in  June,  1932,  negotiations  were 
completed  with  the  New  Zealand  Post  and 
Telegraph  Depart  mem  for  the  allocation 
of  special  callsigns  and  wavelengths,  for 
the  Emergency  Service  to  uae  during  prac- 
tices and  emergencies.  As  this  step  had  fi- 
nally cemented  the  setting  up  of  the  REC 
ol  NZART,  Headquarters,  through  an  edi- 
torial in  Break-In.  paid  iribute  to  the  untir- 
ing efforts  of  Norn  Laugeson  ZL3AS  and 
Willy  Ashbfidge  ZL2GP  of  Wellington,  in 
Emulating  and  founding  the  REC. 
Headquarters  expressed  the  gratitude  of 
all  ZL  amateur  operators  and  the  com- 
munity at  large  for  all  the  work  these  two 
men,  and  others  closely  associated  with 
mem,  had  done  to  set  up  an  organization 
that  was  to  become  well  known  in  the 
future. 

Wally  Aghhrldge,  a  professional  com- 
munications man  In  Ihe  New  Zealand  Ar- 
my and  the  officer  In  charge  of  the  Guard 
System,  was  appointed  Ihe  flrat  Com- 
manding Officer  of  the  REC.  The  collabo- 
ration between  Wally  Ashbfldge  and 
Norm  Laugeson.  professionally  a  detec- 
tive in  me  NZ  Police,  Is  obvious  today 
when  one  observes  that  mere  Is  very  little 
difference  between  the  basic  organiza- 
tion of  the  present  day  emergency  net 
worfe  systems  and  that  which  they  formu- 
lated over  50  years  ago.  Truly  a  great  trib- 
ute to  the  organizational  abilities  of  these 
two  men  and  then-  assistants. 

The  honor  of  the  first  operation  went  to 
the  Crin  si  church  group  which  went  into 
action  in  January,  1932,  in  response  to  a 
request  from  Wally  Ashbridge  to  provide 
some  radio  communications  for  search 
parties  at  an  afptne  tragedy  In  the  South- 
ern Alps  They  made  ready  a  group  of  four 
Chrlstchurch  amateurs,  complete  with 
transmitters,  receivers,  and  suitable  ra- 
tions tor  one  week  In  the  field,  within  one 
hour  of  the  request  being  received-  They 
were  to  set  up  a  communications  net  be- 
tween the  search  parties  in  the  Alps  and 
the  Telegraph  office  at  Bealy,  the  head- 
quarters for  the  search,  some  ?5  miles  dis- 
tant Although  the  missing  trampers 
bodies  were  found  before  the  J  earn  was 
able  to  set  up  the  communications  net.  it 
ably  demonstrated  the  way  REC  was  go- 
ing to  work  in  emergencies. 

In  July.  1932,  the  new  REC  held  another 
Field  Day  with  the  newly  allotted  callsrgns 
and  wavelengths.  In  ail  11  Sections  oper- 
ated with  the  HLE"  calls  very  similar  to 
those  we  use  today,  but  only  two-letter 
ones  for  obvious  reasons.  The  present 
three-fetter  callsigns  were  introduced  In 
the  early  50s.  At  this  1932  Field  Day.  the 
frequencies  used  were  between  100  and 
105  meters,  and  these  were  found  to  he 
useful  but  not  successful  in  some  areas 
The  Field  Day  was  a  great  success,  and 
Wally  Ashbridge  declared  that  all  Sec- 
tions were  fit  to  operate  on  emergency  du- 
nes any  time  Ihe  need  should  arise.  All 
Sections  agreed  that  the  exercise  had 
been  a  successful  one,  but  some  felt  thai 
a  frequency  change  could  improve  the 
communications  between  some  of  the  Ba- 
sic Stations. 

By  February,  19&J,  a  new  constitution 
and  organization  plan  was  approved  by 
Headquarters  and  duly  circulated  to  all 
members,  The  1933  format  and  organiza- 
tion Is  still  basically  the  same  as  given  in 

138     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


our  modernized  A  REC  Manual  in  use  to- 
day 

Over  the  years,  the  AREC  has  partici- 
pated in  many  searches  and  rescues,  se- 
vere f  I  codings  on  both  North  and  South  Is- 
lands, air  crashes,  earthquakes,  land  sub- 
si  dances,  and  marine  searches  The  Ama- 
teur Radio  Emergency  Corps  of  today  is 
still  the  same  as  our  founders  intend- 
ed— to  provide  emergency  com  muni  ca- 
nons during  limes  of  national  calamity  or 
tragedy,  and  to  provide  readily  organized 
mobile  transmitting  and  receiving  sta- 
tions, equipment,  and  operators  lo  func- 
tion at  short  notice  should  they  be  re- 
quired—except that  the  equipment  we 
use  today  has  changed  drastically  from 
that  used  In  former  times. 

Today,  when  Search  and  Rescue  Head- 
quarters requires  it.  we  are  able  to  put 
teams  into  operation  with  portable  and 
base  stations  to  assist  with  all  manner  of 
emergency  and  rescue  operations,  wheth- 
er it  be  m  the  city,  the  bush,  mountainous 
terrain,  or  at  sea 

In  contrasi  with  the  193Z  Field  Day  sta 
iiSUcs  mentioned  previously,  and  51  years 
later,  the  1983  Field  Day  statistics  were: 
59  Sections  operated  266  Field  Day  sta 
tions,  manned  by  491  operators,  on  80, 40, 
and  2  meters,  and  sent  and  received  over 
12,000  messages  during  the  6  hour  period 
of  the  exercise. 

AWARDS 

Last  month  I  made  mention  of  a  special 
award  to  commemorate  the  10€lh  birth- 
day of  Hastings  City  Here  are  details. 

The  City  of  Hastings  Centennial  Award 
is  open  to  all  amateurs  worldwide  on  all 
bands  and  ait  modes:  the  period  of  the 
award  will  be  from  0001  hours  GMT  Feb- 
ruary 1+ 1984,  until  2400  hours  GMT,  Febru- 
ary 29  1964  tone  month  onryl  Applicants 
for  the  award  must  complete  two-way  con- 
tacts with  Hastings  stations  or  members 
Ol  the  Hastings  Branch  number  13  of 
NZART  as  follows:  overseas  stations — 3 
contacts,  any  band,  any  mode;  ZL  sta- 
tions—5  contacts,  any  band,  any  mode. 

No  QSL  cards  are  required-  just  send  a 
detailed  usi  of  the  contacts,  verified  by 
another  amateur  operator,  to  the  Awards 
Manager,  PO  8okGQ9,  Hastings,  New  Zea- 
land, with  US$2,00  or  IRC  equivalent,  to  re- 
ceive the  handsome  colored  certificate. 

Hastings  Is  a  city  of  about  50,000  popu- 
lation situated  in  the  province  of  Hawkes 
Bay  on  the  east  coast  of  New  Zealand's 
North  Island,  The  area  is  favored  with  a 
good  climate  and  is  surrounded  by  some 
ol  the  mosi  fertile  land  m  the  country. 
Hastings  is  the  center  of  a  great  and  ex- 
panding food-  and  meat-processing  in- 
dustry and  one  of  the  most  prolific  fruil- 
and  grape-growing  districts  in  New  Zea- 
land: It  justly  earns  the  name.  'The  Fruit 
Bowl  of  New  Zealand ." 

Hastings  was  constituted  a  town  dis- 
trict in  1833,  and  In  1886  achieved  borough 
status.  The  earthquake  of  1931,  followed 
by  raging  fires,  caused  great  toes  ot  life 
and  reduced  the  town  to  ruins.  The  man- 
ner In  which  the  city  was  rebuilt  Is  a  trib- 
ute to  the  citizens  of  that  day.  In  1956.  the 
borough  was  proclaimed  a  city.  The  motto 
on  the  City  Arms  signifies  the  harmony  be- 
tween city  and  countryside. 

So  to  all  certificate  hunters  and  readers 
of  73,  D*5t  Of  Luck  with  this  special  award 
Remember,  it  is  available  only  for  con- 
tacts during  the  month  of  February,  1984. 

Sy  my  calculations,  this  column  should 
be  appearing  In  the  January  issue  of  73,  so 
t  take  this  opportunity  of  wishing  all  read- 
ers belated  Christmas  greetings  and  the 
very  beat  of  luck  for  the  coming  year  For 
those  of  you  in  the  northern  hemisphere, 
you  are  In  the  depth  of  your  winter  season 
at  this  festive  lime  while  we,  down  under, 
are   enjoying   mid-summer   temperatures 


and  our  summer  holidays,  as  well  as  the 
festive  season. 

In  New  Zealand,  most  large  manufac- 
turing businesses  curtail  their  operations 
at  Christmas  lime,  closing  from  about  De- 
cember 23rd  until  around  January  15th. 
except  for  maintenance  staff,  so  we  here 
all  have  our  summer  holidays  at  ihai  time 
The  schools  close  for  their  summer  vaca- 
tion about  December  15th  and  do  no!  re- 
sume until  February  1st,  the  equivalent  of 
the  US/Can adian  July/August  school  holi- 
day closing, 

I  hope  everyone  had  a  Happy  Christmas 
and  a  joyous  Mew  Year  and  that  Father 
Christmas  oroughi  you  something  worth- 
while for  the  shacK  this  year! 


PAPUA  NEW  GUINEA 

Siegi  Fraymadt  P29HSF 

POBqx  165 

Rabaut 

Papua  New  Guinea 

Lae  is  the  capital  of  the  Morobe  Prov- 
ince, one  of  Ihe  twenty  provinces  of  Papua 
New  Guinea.  The  Morobe  Province  is  lo- 
cated in  the  northeastern  part  of  New 
Guinea.  Lae,  (he  administrative  center  of 
the  province  and  also  the  industrial  me- 
tropolis of  the  entire  country,  is  situated 
on  the  Huon  Gulf.  11  is  the  gateway  lo  the 
Marfcham  Valley  The  population  ol  Lae  is 
appro*  i  ma  I  el  y  65,000,  In  Lae  we  have  the 
country's  foremost  technological  institu- 
tion, the  Papua  New  Guinea  University  ol 
Technology.  commonly  known  as 
Unitech. 

The  amateur  population  of  Lae  is  seven, 
four  of  whom  are  on  the  staff  ot  Unitech 
{three  in  the  Electrical  Engineering  De- 
part men  I)  P29BA,  P29LC.  P29MC.  and 
P29NL  are  Unitech  staff.  Husband  and 
wife  team  P29JH  and  P29NWJ.  John  and 
Betty,  are  with  ihe  P  and  T  Training  Col- 
lege and  are  active  from  Lae.  George 
P29MCB  makes  up  the  seventh  member  of 
Lae  s  amateur  population;  all  are  expatri- 
ates 

Unitech  attracts  students  from  ail  prov- 
inces of  Papua  New  Guinea — mdeed, 
from  a  number  of  South  Pacific  countries 
What  better  forum  for  promoting  and  ad- 
vertising amateur  radio  and  thus  increas- 
ing the  number  of  PNG  nationals  who  are 
amateurs?  In  November.  1982.  P29BR. 
P29LC.  P29MC.  and  P29NL  put  their  heads 
together  and  decided  to  offer  radio  ama- 
teur classes  to  interested  students.  To 
publicize  amateur  radio,  a  lunthttrne 
demonstration  was  organized  wilh  P29BR 
bringing  his  rig  along  and  demonstrating 
it.  The  exercise  also  was  written  up  In  the 
campus  newspaper,  the  Reporter.  The  re- 
sponse was  tremendous,  and  more  than 
100  students  enrolled  for  amateur  radio 
classes  Thus  the  Unitech  Amateur  Radio 
Club  (UARC)  was  formed  and  It  has  the 
callsiQn  P29HT  The  club  is  affiliated  with 
Ihe  Papua  New  Guinea  Amateur  Radio 
Society 

P29fiti<  P2SLC,  P29MC,  and  P29NL  give 
freely  of  their  spare  lime  and  provide  three 
hours  o*  tuition  per  week  m  CWr  theory, 
and  regulations  Practical  protects,  such 
as  building  Morse-code  oscillators,  are  m 
eluded.  P298H  records  CW  tapes  for  the 
weekly  classes  and  on  one  occasion  he 
decided  to  take  the  prepared  tapes  home. 
The  following  morning  Bill  discovered 
that  his  house  had  been  burgled  during 
the  night  but  that  ihe  only  things  missing 
were  the  plastic  bag  containing  the  tapes, 


a  pair  of  jeans,  and  a  packet  of  cheese  a 
very  selective  thief,  and  one  who  will  be 
bewildered  by  I  fie  strange  sounds  on  the 
tapes ! 

The  turnover  of  young  hopefuls  in  the 
amateur  radio  classes  is  large:  not  many 
have  the  staying  power ,  but  generally  20 
students  attend  and  it  is  hoped  thai  a 
number  of  those  w«u  attempt  the  Novice 
examinations  the  next  time  they  are  given 

Last  year.  Bill  P29BR  went  on  a  visit  to 
the  United  States  and  while  there  ap- 
proached Ihe  ARRL  regarding  the  possi- 
bility of  donations  of  equipment  and/or 
publications  to  help  the  students  at  the 
Unitech  Amateur  Radio  Club;  the  oral  re- 
sponse was  positive.  Bill  also  visited  the 
Asia  Foundation,  and  the  Area  Director 
for  the  Pacific  islands  there  offered 
assistance  with  postage  expenses  for 
sending  materia!.  An  official  reply  was 
subsequently  received  from  the  ARRL 
which  expresses  unwillingness  to  deal  di- 
rectly with  the  Unitech  Amateur  Radio 
Club  and  appeared  willing  to  have  dona- 
tions handled  only  through  ihe  Papua 
New  Guinea  Amateur  Radio  Society 
There  can  be  no  questioning  the  ability  of 
ihe  staff  and  their  supervision  at  the  Urn 
tech  Amateur  Radio  Club.  There  also  can 
not  be  any  doubt  lhat  future  PNG  am  a 
reurs  are  more  likely  lo  come  from  Unitech 
lhan  anywhere  else  in  the  country.  Why 
then  this  reluctance  on  the  part  of  the 
ARRL  to  deal  with  UARC  directly? 

It  is  hoped  that  several  of  the  students 
will  be  successful  in  ihe  next  Novice  ex- 
ams and  that  a  number  of  PNG  nationals 
will  be  on  the  air  after  that.  Another  con- 
sideration is  the  application  fee  which 
has  to  be  paid  sn  weeks  prior  to  the  exam 
In  the  event  of  any  students  finding  the 
fee  beyond  their  means  the  UARC  is  witl- 
ing to  come  to  the  rescue  out  of  club 
funds.  We  wish  ine  UARC  every  success 
in  their  undertaking* 

On  July  14.  i$B3.  the  Post  and  Telecom* 
munication  Corporation  m  PNG  sent  out 
letters  to  an  amateur  radio  station  li- 
censees introducing  the  new  frequencies 
available  as  from  thai  date.  Full-call  oper- 
ators have  the  authorization  to  operate  on 
all  the  new  frequency  bands.  Limited  ama- 
teur radio  stations  are  permitted  to  oper- 
ate on  ell  new  frequency  bands  above  30 
MHz„  and  for  Novice  amateur  radio  sta- 
tions  there  is  no  change  in  operating  fre- 
quencies. 


POLAND 

Jerzy  Siymczah 
7B-20Q  Biatogard 
Buozka  2/3 
Poland 

POLISH  ETHER 
CARRIES  SOUND  AGAIN 

On  January  1,  1963,  martial  law  In  Po- 
land was  suspended.  Polish  hams  ex- 
pected to  begin  their  usual  activity.  But  no 
gain  without  pam.  Renewing  licenses  was 
faced  with  official  difficulties,  and  the 
commencement  of  reissuing  them  did  not 
take  piece  in  January  as  it  ha^  been  an- 
nounced 

At  the  beginning  of  1963.  letters  of  ap- 
plication—printed forms  submitted  by  pe- 
titioners Jo  District  Verification  Boards— 
were  st ill  being  brought  up  to  date.  At  the 
end  of  January.  1250  applications  were 
confirmed,  and  on  April  1  over  1700-  The 
Presidium  of  PR  A  A  (Polish  Radio  Ama- 
teurs   Association)    was    Informed    that 


In  Bumper  Crop 


From  the  fertile  grounds  of  Communications 
Specialists  comes  our  fresh  harvest  of  direct 
CTCSS  plug-ins  to  spade  through  valuable  in- 
stallation time  and  cultivate  profits.  They  re 
available  for  most  popular  mobiles*  portables, 
and  repeater  panels,  and  all  incorporate  our 
industry  standard,  field  programmable  TS-32. 

^■S^e  L>$1  at  A&veritsers  on  page  1 14 


Just  call  our  sales  or  engineering  departments 
toll  free  from  anywhere  in  the  USA  (includ- 
ing California)  and  reap  what  we've  sown. 

COMMUNICATIONS 
SPECIALISTS    ^34 

426  West  Taft  Avenue,  Orange,  CA  92667 
714/998-3021    Entire  USA  800/854-0547 

73  Magazine  ■  January,  1984     139 


licenses  of  club  radio  stations  would  be 
handed  over  to  them  In  April  and  those  of 
individual  radio  stations  at  the  turn  of  the 
second  and  third  quarters  of  this  year 
Better  late  than  never, 

Negotiations  with  authorities,  brought 
changes  of  these  provisions,  For  the  sake 
of  the  annual  International  competition, 
the  SP  DX  Contest,  it  was  promised  that  li- 
censes would  be  delivered  in  March,  1983. 
And  really,  460  Individual  and  70  club  li- 
censes were  given.  Well,  it's  a  long  lane 
that  has  no  turning.  Pofes  are  in  Ihe  ether 
again, 

A  problem  is  how  well  this  process  will 
continue.  At  the  sixth  PRAA  director's 
meeting  last  ^prii,  the  president  of  the  as- 
sociation urged  patience  and  calm  but  en- 
couraged hams  to  continue  to  press  for 
more  action,  through  regular  channels. 
He  predicted  that  radio  amateur  activity 
would  reach  a  normal  level  in  a  few 
months. 

The  president  has  also  expressed  re- 
gret at  the  new  limitations  placed  on  Pol- 
ish hams  and  for  the  State  Radio  Sur- 
veillance. 

II  was  hoped  that  by  the  end  of  1983,  the 
action  of  bringing  licenses  up  to  date 
would  have  been  completed.  How  many 
Polish  hams  will  be  able  to  use  their  calls 
in  1984  when  the  National  Congress  of 
PRAA  takes  place,  nobody  knows.  But 
some  of  them  are  presently  in  the  ether, 
so  enter  upon  a  conversation  with  them! 


SWEDEN 

Rune  Wande  SMQGOP 
Frejavagen  10 

S-1 55  00  Nykvam 
Sweden 

SVALBARD  EXPEDITION 

A  Swedish  group  of  four  made  a  second 
expedition  in  the  summer  of  1983  to  the 
Svaibard  Islands  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  The 
group  members  do  this  entirely  of  person- 
al interest  on  their  own  vacation  time, Two 
members  of  the  group  were  ham  opera- 
tors, Kjell  3M2AZH  and  Sigvard  5M2EJE. 

The  purpose  of  this  expedition  was  to 
study  the  flora  and  fossils.  Svaibard  has 
an  interesting  history  and  has  a  geologi- 
cal structure  of  scientific  importance. 
From  the  ham-radio  point  of  view,  the  first 
trip  in  1&82  was  no  success.  The  radio 
equipment  got  damaged  by  water  during 
trans  port  at  ton  between  islands  in  high 
winds. 

The  islands  of  Svaibard  (prefix  JWJ  be- 
long to  Norway.  They  are  about  1,100  kilo- 
meters (700  miles)  from  the  North  Pole. 
The  summer  temperature  reaches  refrig- 
erator level,  The  Islands  have  no  perma- 
nent residents,  but  boats  stop  there  when 
the  harbors  are  free  of  ice.  Svaibard  has 
been  the  base  for  many  Arctic  expedi- 
tions. The  Norwegians  began  mining  coal 
therein  the  1890s. 

KJell  and  Sigvard  were  active  from  Svai- 
bard using  their  home  calls  WW  between 
July  20  and  August  4,  1983,  In  case  you 
were  lucky  enough  to  work  them,  use  their 
Cattbook  addresses  tor  the  OSL 

The  equipment  for  the  expedition  was 
sent  in  advance  on  a  ship  for  coal  trans- 
portation. The  group  itself  flew  out  of 
Tromsoe  (Norway)  to  their  base  In  Long- 
yearbyen  on  Svaibard.  The  radio  equip- 
ment consisted  of  a  Kenwood  TS-120V, 
the  iow-power  version  of  this  well-known 
transceiver,  and  a  Heathkit  HW-8  for  back 
up.  For  power,  they  used  two  batteries 


Jean  HS1ANV/QN8JA  (left)  and  Hans  tiSlBG  secure  the  supporting  trus$  an  the 
20/1 5-meter  ffuthsize)  beam.  Note  the  gamma  match,  using  aluminum  piping,  piastic 
hose,  and  an  inner  core  of  copper  tubing  for  the  driven  elements. 


rated  at  60  Ah  which  they  charged  by  a 
gasoline  generator,  The  antennas  for  7 
and  14  MHz  were  verticals,  and  a  dipole 
was  used  for  3.5  MHz. 

The  propagation  that  far  north  is  very 
poor  on  the  low  bands  during  the  summer 
season.  This  is  due  to  two  months  of  day- 
light and  sunshine  24  hours  a  day.  They 
managed  to  contact  northern  Norway  and 
northern  Sweden  on  40  meters,  however, 
although  20  meters  was  the  best  band.  A 
tew  good  openings  towards  the  US  and 
South  America  stirred  up  some  pileups. 


Anyway,  hamming  was  not  the  main  pur- 
pose for  this  expedition,  so  the  QSO  rate 
was  low.  Because  of  the  frequent  change 
of  location  and  transport  between  islands 
In  a  rubber  boat,  operating  time  was  lim- 
ited. But  wherever  hams  go  and  for  what- 
ever reason,  they  surely  bring  ham  radio 
with  them.  Kjell  and  Sigvard  and  the  two 
other  members  of  this  expedition  must 
have  had  a  unique  vacation  to  remember! 

NRAU  MEETING  IN  STOCKHOLM 
The  Nordic  Radio  Amateur  Union  was 


/ 


formed  in  1935  with  the  purpose  of  work- 
ing for  common  Nordic  Interests  for  the 
radio  amateurs.  Through  the  NRAU  there 
Is  a  valuable  dialogue  between  the 
leagues  in  the  Nordic  countries.  Meetings 
are  held  annually.  The  next  one  is  taking 
place  in  Stockholm  on  January  14-15, 
1984.  The  NflAU  runs  a  very  low-bud  gel 
operation,  and  to  make  It  possible  for  rep- 
resentatives from  distant  Iceland  (TF)  and 
Faroe  Islands  (OY)  to  attend,  the  other 
larger  leagues  try  to  sponsor  them. 

Contributions  from  the  Nordic  Council, 
an  organization  founded  in  1952  by  the 

Nordic  parliaments  for  Improvement  for 
Nordic  cooperation,  have  been  applied 
for.  Unfortunately,  no  financial  support 
has  been  received  in  previous  years.  Let 
us  hope  that  they  are  more  obliging  this 
time- 
One  major  subject  for  discussion  at  the 
NRAU  meeting  is  the  common  Nordic  li- 
cense. This  has  been  worked  on  for  years, 
but  still  only  regular  reciprocal  rules  ap- 
ply. Crossing  borders  between  Nordic 
countries  does  not  require  a  passport,  and 
you  have  to  be  observant  even  to  see  the 
customs  house,  but  still  do  not  even  bring 
the  2-meter  hand -held  over  the  border  un- 
less you  have  a  valid  guest  license.  Hope- 
fully, this  situation  will  be  solved  eventu- 
ally so  that  it  win  be  as  easy  to  operate 
from  different  Nordic  countries  as  it  is  be- 
tween the  USA  and  Canada. 


THAILAND 

Tony  Wattham  HS1AMH 
c/o  Bangkok  Post 
U  Cnuliang  Building 

Bangkok  W500 
Thailand 


The  antenna  is  nearly  ready  for  the  HSQHS  Seanet-contest  operation. 


countries  have  their  national  ra- 
dio society,  and  In  Thailand  the  "magic" 
acronym  Is  RAST,  standing  for  the  Radio 
Amateur  Society  of  Thailand,  which  has 
been  representing  amateur  radio  activity 
in  Thailand  since  its  founding  in  Novem- 
ber. 1963. 

In  addition  to  holdl  ng  regu  lar  club  meet- 
ings on  the  first  Sunday  of  each  month,  to 
which  all  visiting  radio  amateurs  are 
heartily  welcomed,  it  has  organized  many 
other  activities  and  has  represented  Thai- 
land  In  the  field  of  amateur  radio  on  nu- 
merous occasions. 

Highlights  have  been  the  Southeast 
Asia  Network  conventions  In  1977  and 
again  last  year.  Also,  club  representatives 
have  endeavored  to  attend  every  major  in- 
ternational conference  on  amateur  radio, 
such  as  the  World  Administrative  Radio 
Conference  held  in  Geneva,  IARU  regional 
meetings  such  as  the  Manila  conference 
in  April,  1982f  and  the  World  Communica- 
tions Year  conference  in  Tokyo  In  Septem- 
ber, and  the  World  Amateur  Radio  Interna- 
tional Conference. 

Club  meetings  regularly  vote  on  routine 
IARU  motions,  and  full  international  rep- 
resentation is  maintained  through  the 
club  secretary.  The  address  for  all  corre- 
spondence (as  well  as  for  the  QSL  bureau) 
is  PO  Box  20Q8f  GPO,  Bangkok  10501, 
Thailand. 

A  most  encouraging  aspect  of  amateur 
radio  In  Thailand  has  been  the  recent  up- 
surge In  interest  among  Thais  In  the  hob- 
by  and  its  related  aspects.  Up  until  1971, 
which  coincided  with  the  American  pres- 
ence in  Vietnam,  the  society  regulated 
membership  to  a  maximum  of  SO.  This 
was  largely  so  that  it  could  he  in  a  posi- 


140     73  Magazine  •  January,  1984 


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73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     141 


tion  to  control  the  activities  of  what  was 
at  that  time  a  hobby  mostly  pursued  by 
American  servicemen  based  temporarily 
in  Thai \ and.  But  with  the  gradual  with- 
drawal of  American  forces,  the  complex- 
ion of  the  club  began  lo  change.  More 
Thais  joined,  and  now  the  society  has 
about  600  registered  members,  of  which 
90  percent  are  Thai— a  tar  cry  from  the 
late  1960s  when  the  hobby  had  caught  the 
imagination  of  tew  Thais. 

This  upsurge  can  be  attributed  to  sever- 
al factors,  not  the  least  being  enthusiasm 
shown  by  the  Post  and  Telegraph  Depart 
mem  and  personally  by  the  department's 
director-general.  Police  Mai  or  General 
Such  art  P.  Sakhoi,  who  addressed  one 
vefy-wel  Intended  RAST  meeting  In  19S1. 

If  would  also  be  appropriate  to  credit 
the  society's  former  president,  the  late 
Brigadier-General  Kamchai  Chotikul 
HSt  WR,  for  his  lifelong  dedication  to  the 
hobby  He  also  did  much  to  popularize 
amateur  radio  and  to  increase  club  mem- 
bership. All  club  members,  as  well  as  hrs 
many  friends  in  amateur  radio  circles, 
were  deeply  saddened  at  his  death  in 
June.  1982 

The  society  has.  of  course,  continued 
on  its  course  of  promoting  the  hobby  and 
doing  its  best  to  popularize  amateur  radio 
and  its  sei deduce hona I  aspect  m  this  eta 
of  rapid  technological  advances,  espe- 
cially in  the  field  of  communications.  As 
an  example  of  this,  the  clut>  has  embarked 
on  a  course  of  teaching  computer  applica- 
tions in  amateur  radio,  since  the  Integra- 
tion of  microcomputing  and  amateur  ra- 
dio is  inevitable  and  they  are  compatible. 

The  society  also  has  conducted  other 
educational  courses,  including  Morse 
code,  and  especially  m  teaching  the  elec- 
tronic principles  and  operating  proce- 
dures required  for  the  Thai  equivalent  of  a 
Technician's  license  for  two-meter  opera- 
lion 

The  Thai  PTT  has  shown  great  enthusi 
asm  for  amateur  radio,  especially  in  the 
light  of  constraints  relating  to  national  se 
curity  apparently  imposed  from  outside 
the  Communications  Ministry.  The  de- 
partment has  also  shown  cooperation  In 
authorizing  special-event  stations  on  the 
HF  amateur  bands  for  such  occasions  as 
major  contests  and  lor  I  he  Southeast  Asia 
Network  Convention  in  November,  1982. 

RAST  was  thus  able  to  operate  an  HF 
station  for  the  Sea  net  contest  in  August 
this  year  as  well  as  to  take  part  In  the  All 
Asia  DX  Contest  (CW  section)  that  same 
month.  Arrangements  also  were  made  for 
the  CO  WW  phone  and  CW  contests  In  Oc- 
tober and  November. 

In  operating  these  contests,  the  club 
was  most  grateful  to  the  Asian  Institute  of 
Technology  on  Ihe  outskirts  of  Bangkok 
which  has  endorsed  our  applications  lo 


Qualified  for 

Test  for 

Test  lor 

Test 

on 

Morse  Code 

license 

technical 

operating 

regulations 

send  and 

Class 

knowledge 

knowledge 

receive  (wpm) 

8 

75 

05 

85 

12 

A 

65 

65 

65 

6 

C 

50 

65 

65 

HIA 

Upgrade  Irom 

AtoB 

75 

— 

- 

12 

Upgrade  from 

Clo  A 

65 

- 

- 

6 

Upgrade  from 

C  to  B 

75 

— 

- 

12 

Class 

Piurooef 

PC  of  Total 

■ 

26,944 

551 

C 

20.254 

42-2 

A 

822 

17 

Total 

48,020 

Table  1.  Percent-correct  and  wpm  scones  needed  to  quality  tor  frcenses.  by  class  and 
subjects, 


PC  Increase  1962-19&3 

5,1 

16(1) 
37.0 
40 

Note:  The  A  license  has  been  in  existence  for  only  2  years,  and  the  major  reason 
for  ttie  low  increase  in  class  C  licenses  has  been  due  to  license  holders  upgrad- 
ing to  higher  license  classes.  Also  note  a  bad  sign:  The  total  increase  of  4  per- 
cent was  down  over  the  previous  year's  increase  Of  6  6  pet  cent 

Table  2.  Distribution  of  tots?  number  of  licenses,  by  class,  and  percent  increases. 


operate  on  campus  and  which  kindly  of- 
fered the  use  of  its  premises  for  these 
club  events.  In  this  way,  experienced  ama- 
teur radio  operators  have  been  able  to 
demonstrate  several  aspects  of  the  hobby 
to  those  without  firsthand  experience. 

For  example,  for  both  contests.  club 
members  constructed  their  own  futt-stzed 
yagi  beam  antennas  for  the  10-,  15/  and 
20-meter  bands  using  entirely  locally- 
available  aluminum  piping  and  other  hard- 
ware. The  antennas  were  up  and  in  the  air 
and  getting  5  and  9  plus  reports  all  within 
Ihe  space  of  two  afternoons  of  work  by  a 
learn  of  five  hams:  HS1AHT,  who  super- 
vised the  project,  and  HS1ALP,  HS18G. 
HS1ANV,  and  HS1AMH  (yours  truly). 

The  dub  also  issues  a  much-coveted 
award,  the  Slam  Award,  This  Is  granted  to 
amateur  radio  stations  and  SWLs  who 
have  submitted  evidence  (endorsed  log 
extracts)  of  contacts  with  Thai  amateur 
radio  stations  in  at  least  six  of  the  nine 
call  areas  as  well  as  the  HSffl  prefix  which 
signifies  a  special-event  operation.  Alter 
natively,  evidence  of  contacts  with  10  dif- 
ferent HS  stations  also  qualifies  for  the 
award.  Applicants  should  enclose 
US$5.00  or  the  equivalent  In  IRCs  to  cover 
the  return  postage  of  Ihe  award. 

The  situation  regarding  operating  on 
HF  on  a  routine  Oasis  has  not  changed 
since  my  September,  1983,  column,  but 
those  who  are  looking  for  Zone  26  or  That 
land  on  10.  15,  20,  40,  or  80  meters  should 
listen  for  a  pi  leu p  for  the  call  HS0BS,  Ihe 
special -event  station,  during  a  major  con- 
test. 


WEST  GERMANY 

Mttchelt  &  Wolfson  DJQON 

Furtweg  18d 

D-8Q44  Lohftot 

Federal  Republic  of  Germany 

With  the  hullabaloo  concerning  the 
FCC  proposal  for  a  code-free  li cense.  I  felt 
thai  II  would  be  appropriate  to  illustrate 
how  such  a  license  has  been  approached 
here  In  Germany.  Before  going  into  the 
code  free  license  specifically,  let's  get  a 
general  overview  Into  the  German  licens- 
ing structure  first. 

There  are  only  three  license  classes  in 
Germany,  A,  B,  and  C.  The  B  license  Is 
your  all-purpose  ticket,  giving  you  full  priv- 
ileges on  all  bands  with  a  maximum  peak 
power  of  760  Watts  on  80  meters  through 
1.2  GHz,  and  with  reduced  power  on  160 
meters,  the  WARC  bands,  and  the  UHF 
bands  2.3  GHz  and  above. 

The  A  license  la  similar  to  the  present 
Technician-class  license  in  the  States, 
with  full  VHF/UHF  privileges,  and  with  CW 
from  3520-3600  and  21090-21150,  plus 
full  10-meier  phone  privileges.  Maximum 
peak  power  la  150  Watts  for  bands  up  to 
\2  GHz.  This  class  of  license  can  be  rec- 
ognized by  calistgns  beginning  with  DH. 


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Finding 

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New  Technology  (patent  pending)  converts  any  VHF  FM  receiver  into  an  advanced 
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write  for  full  details  and  prices. 

p)  DOPPLER  SYSTEMS,    %££?£&£   (602>*am5i 


The  third  class  of  license  is  the  class  C, 
the  cede-free  License,  This  class  of  li- 
cense carries  all  VHF/UHF  privileges  from 
2  meters  and  up,  with  a  maximum  peak 
power  of  75  Walls. 

As  for  the  exam  itself,  the  biggest  sur- 
prise is  that  there  is  actually  only  one  ex- 
am for  all  three  license  classes!  Trie  dif- 
ference between  the  three  license  classes 
lies  in  the  score  receded  on  the  exam, 
combined  with  the  code  speed  tested.  It  is 
quite  possible  for  en  applicant  for  a  class 
C  license  to  pass  the  exam  with  a  score 
qualifying  him  for  a  B  license,  with  only 
the  CW  exam  lacking.  Judging  by  ihe 
number  of  technics  1 1  y-mc  lined  individuals 
with  class  C  licenses.  I  would  assume  that 
this  situation  occurs  quite  often. 

Table  1  illustrates  the  four  pans  Of  Ihe 
German  amateuM-adto  examination  along 
with  the  score  fjn  percent)  needed  to  quali- 
fy Ihe  applicant  lor  a  specific  license 
class-  Note  that  the  class  C  license  re- 
quires the  applicant  to  score  only  50  per- 
cent on  the  technical  portion,  which  cer- 
tainly makes  this  license  class  relatively 
easy  to  obtain 

Now  come  the  big  questions:  What  is 
ihe  split  between  the  three  license  class- 
es and  what  is  the  impact  of  the  class  C 
license? 

As  of  January  I,  19S3.  there  were  48,020 
licensed  amateurs  in  the  Federal  Repub- 
lic of  Germany,  The  spilt  and  increase 
over  January  1,  1982,  is  shown  Jn  Table  2 

Now  for  a  bit  of  editorializing:  I  have  to 
admit  that  I  accepted  the  concept  of  a 
code-free  license  with  trepidation  Having 
operated  in  the  USA  for  nine  years  before 
moving  to  Germany  six  years  ago,  I  could 
not  bring  myself  to  accept  that  the  class  C 
operators  were  anything  more  than  a 
bunch  of  lids. 

Having  now  had  time  to  let  it  sink  In. 
plus  having  been  active  in  club  activities.  I 
have  come  to  think  otherwise  When  I  look 
around  at  my  fellow  club  members,  I  see 
that  a  number  of  truly  invaluable  people 
are  class  C  holders.  There's  the  club 
newsletter  editor,  Ihe  member  teaching  a 
Basic  course,  others  Interested  In  build- 
ing equipment  for  the  club  station,  etc. 
Many  of  the  other  members  are  ex-G  li- 
censees, such  as  our  club  president  and 
the  one  before  him.  In  looking  outside  our 
little  group,  I  also  see  class  C  licensees 
active  in  repeater  groups,  writing  techni- 
cal articles  for  amateur  magazines,  etc. 

When  ycu  go  up  to  one  ot  the  present  or 
previous  class  C  license  holders  and  ask 
specifically  if  they  would  have  bothered  to 
have  learned  CW  to  gel  their  licenses,  the 
answer  could  be  a  'yes/'  or  "no."  or  a 
"maybe/'  but  in  general  ihey  feel  thai  il 
would  have  been  an  unnecessary  hin- 
drance, it  really  is  too  difficult  to  spetu 
late  on  this  pomi,  but  Id  hale  to  think 
about  losing  many  invaluable  fellow  ama- 
teurs just  due  to  the  Morse  code, 

As  for  the  lids  on  2  meters  with  a  Cali- 
fornia-size amateur  population  wMh  very 
few  repeaters  to  operate  on.  the  incidence 
of  turkeys  is  amazingly  row  when  put  into 
perspective  Remembering  what  it  was 
like  in  California  makes  me  appreciate  the 
true  professionalism  many  German  class 
C  holders  exhibit. 

Will  it  work  in  the  States?  In  my  opinion, 
only  you  can  make  it  work.  If  you  will  ac- 
cept a  code-free  licensee  as  one  of  your 
own  and  try  to  understand  that  he  Of  she 
may  be  able  to  contribute  to  your  club  in 
some  way.  you  will  find  that  the  Morse 
code  does  not  really  make  one  a  better 
person.  Quite  the  contrary,  many  of  the 
young  people  now  interested  in  comput- 
ers or  electronics  would  make  crest  ama- 
teurs Do  you  reaily  want  to  Ha^  to  force 
them  air  to  learn  the  code'7  In  Germany,  we 
don  I  and  il  works? 


142     73  Magazine  •  January,  19S4 


RAMSEY 
ELECTRONICS 
*■**  Inc. 


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meg  input  i  and  built-m  filtering 
gives  great  perlormance     Runs 
on  9V  battery   all  CMOS 
PS  2  kit  $29  95 

PS?  wirod  S39.9S 


600  MHz 
PRESCALER 


Extend  the  range  of  your 
counter  to  600  MH2  Works 
with  ait  counters  Less  than 
150  mv  sensitivity  specify- 
10  or  -100 


Wired  tested 
Kit   PS- IB 


PS- IB      159.95 

$44  95 


30  Watl  2  mtr  PWR  AMP 

Simple  Cfass  C  power  amp  features  8  limes  power  gam  1  W  in 
for  &  out  2  Wm  for  15  out.  4Wtn  for  30 out  Max  oulputof  35  W. 
incredible  value,  complete  *ith  all  parts  less  case  and  T-R  relay 
PA-t   30  W  pwr  amp  kit  S22.95 

TR*1.  RF  sensed  T-R  relay  kit  6.95 


MRF-23fi  trans  rata  r  as  used  in  Pa  i 
B  IQdbgam    150  mhz  ttl  95 


RF  actuated  relay  senses  RF 

( 1 W)  and  closes  DPDT  relay 

For  RF  sensed  T-R  relay 

TR-1  Kit     S6+95 


Power  Supply  Kil 

Complete  tnpii*  regulated  power 
supply  provides  variitniM  fjto  TB  votts  at 
?D0  ma  and  *S  al  1  Amp  Entftlleni  load 
reciulalion  good  lillermrj  And  -small 
si/r  Less  iransformers  rHqiiires  fi  3  V 
.,!A  and  24  VCT 
Complete  kit    PS-3LT  S6.9S 


Cnralal  Microphone 
Small  i  domain  .  thick 
crystal  mike  carindoc    t-75 


Co* i  Connector 

Chassis  mount 

BNC  type  11.00 


Mini  RQ-V74  Coax 
10  M    for  f  1  00 


t  v&H  Brnmrj  Cllpa 

M»c?  auai'i>  cup*  1  tor  ii  00 

k     ^uMW*  GrOitimrH  10  tor  tl  00 


OP  AMP  Spacial 
Bi-fETLF  13741 -Oirecl  pin  tor  pin  741  rx-  QNJ^rjulSOD 
input  z    super  tow  50  pa  input  Cur'£~\  \J     power  dram 


«ss 


50  tor  only         $9  00 


so 


10  tor 


12  00 


a  v*f  o*  <»c**t  »-*c   t  atrt  'a^i    «n4kn 

■•  j-vvc^t   040*1   MIC*  capi  ate 

i-    b«j  ,  »Q0  pc  -  (t  a»  »j  b*j    >X  ;-     12  « 


&  ^n  Trp«  gold  contacts  *or 
m A  1003  car  ckKh  module 
priC*  75  t  ■ 


L#da    -  your  choice,  please  specify 

M'n.  Re<3    Jumbo  Red   H»Qh  intensify  Red    Illuminator  Red  •/*t 

Mint  Yellow    Jumbo  Yellow   Jumbo  Gr««n  i/tl 


Vinctc 

Motorola  MV  ?209  30  PF  Nomrnel  cap  70-00  PP 

SOa«ch  or  3/11-00 


Tunabto  range 


78MG 

79MG 

7?3 

309iC 

7905 


1125 
11-25 
1.50 

11  15 

11.00 


Rtgyieiort 


7©1? 
781 S 
7905 
7912 

79^5 


It  00 
11  00 
1125 
11  25 
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Shrink  Tubing  Nub* 
H»c*  ptacut  pc e*  ot  shrink  u»   l     ■    • 
iftnnl  to   •'    Graat  for  spuccs      50. 1 1  00 


Mrii  TO-92  Heal  &mk* 
ThcrmaiJOy  flrand  J  for  11  00 

To  720  Meat  Sink i  2  tor  tl  00 


Opio  Isolators  -  4N23  type 

Oplo  Reflectors  -  Photo  diode  *  LED 


^ 


$50  ea. 

$1 .00  ea 


Mola>  Pins 
Molfli  aireaoY  rjretui  m  t»naih  at  7  Perfaci 
lor  14  pm  aQChalt    70  alrtpa  for  11.00 


CDS  PIMM  alb 

Resistance  vanai  wLm  iiqtii    750  gnmj  iq 
qv«t  3  meg  J  for  11  00 


^See  itsf  of  Advertisers  on  page  f  14 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984     143 


. 


THE  MOST  AFFORDABLE 

REPEATER 

ALSO  HAS  THE  MOST  IMPRESSIVE 
PERFORMANCE  FEATURES 

(AND  GIVES  THEM  TO  YOU  AS  STANDARD  EQUIPMENT!) 


i- 


JUST  LOOK  AT  THESE  PRICES! 


Band 


Kit 


10I\A,6M,2M,220 
440 


$680 
$780 


Wired/Tested 

$880 
$980 


Both  kit  and  wired  units  a/e  complete  with  all  parts,  modules,  hardware,  ana  crystal 

CALL  OR  WRITE  FOR  COMPLETE  DETAILS. 

Also  avaiiabiB  tor  mmot&  site  linking,,  crosshand,  and  remote  base. 


f* 


i  am  Ironies 

l!^~T^^^^H 

0 

^                                     "*W 

^^^^^^^ 

,- 

« 

'9*11 

■"<                                   i«i4 

«* 

IB^^^^^M 

^■fl    »fH. 

*h 

»r«K 


FEATURES: 

■   SENSITIVITY  SECOND  TO  NONE;  TYPICALLY 
0.15  uV  ON  VHR  0.3  uV  ON  UHR 

•  SELECTIVITY  THAT  CAN'T  BE  BEATI  BOTH 

8  POLE  CRYSTAL  FILTER  &  CERAMIC  FILTER  FOR 
GREATER  THAN  1 00  dB  AT  ±  12 KHZ.  HELICAL 
RESONATOR  FRONT  ENDS.  SEE  R144,  R220f 
AND  R451  SPECS  IN  RECEIVER  AD  BELOW. 

•  OTHER  GREAT  RECEIVER  FEATURES:  FLUTTER- 
PROOF  SQUELCHr  AFC  TO  COMPENSATE  FOR 
OFF-FREQ  TRANSMITTERS,  SEPARATE  LOCAL 
SPEAKER  AMPLIFIER  &  CONTROL. 

•  CLEAN,  EASY  TUNE  TRANSMITTER;  UP  TO  20  WATTS  OUT 

(UP  TO  50W  WITH  OPTIONAL  PA). 


HIGH  QUALITY  MODULES  FOR 
REPEATERS,  LINKS,  TELEMETRY,  ETC. 


HIGH-PERFORMANCE 
RECEIVER  MODULES 


TRANSMITTERS 


R144  Shown 

•  R144/R220FMRCVRSfor2Mor220MHz. 
0. 1 5uV  gens.;  8  pole  xtal  filter  &  ceramic  f  i  Iter 
In  i-fT  helical  resonator  front  end  for  exceptions  I 
selectivity,  more  than  -100  dB  at  ±12  kHz, 
best  available  today.  Flutter-proof  squeich. 
AFC  tracks  drifting  xmtrs.  Xtal  oven  avail- 
Kit  only  $138. 

•  R451  FMRCVR  Same  but  for  uhL  Tuned  line 
front  end,  0,3  uV  sens.  Kit  only  $1 38, 

•  R76  FM  RCVR  for  1QM,  6MI  2M,  220,  or 
commercial  bands.  As  above,  but  w/o  AFC  or 
hel.  res.  Kits  only  $1 18, 

Also  avail  w/4  pole  filter,  only  $98/kit. 

•  R1 1 0  VHF  AM  RECEIVER  kit  f or VHF  aircraft 
band  or  ham  bands.  Only  $98. 

•  R1 10-259  SPACE  SHUTTLE  RECEIVER, 

kit  only  $98. 


T51  VHF  FM  EXCITER  for  10M3  6MS  2M, 
220  MHz oradjacent  bands,  2  Watts contin- 
uous;  up  to  2Vi  W  intermittent.  $68/kit. 


J**     v  aZHi    ri  .   W-  '*■•'  '  'm.  Kl  t- 


amlronics 


144     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


T451  UHFFM  EXCITER  2  to  3  Watts  on  450 
ham  band  or  adjacent  freq.  Kit  only  S7S. 

VHF&UHFLINEAR  AMPLIFIERS*  Useon 
either  FM  or  SSB,  Power  levels  from  1 0  to  45 
Watts  to  go  with  exciters  &  xmtg  converters. 
Several  models.  Kits  from  $73. 

A1 6  RFTIGHT  BOX  Deepdrawn  alum,  case 
with  tight  cover  and  no  seams.  7  xS  x2  inches. 
Designed  especially  for  repeaters.  $20. 


^33 


ACCESSORIES 


COR  KITS  With  Audio  mixer,  speaker  ampli- 
fier, tail  &  time  out  timers.  Kit  only  $38. 

CWID  KITS  158  bits,  field  programmable, 
clean  audio,  rugged  TTL  logic.  Kit  only  $68. 

DTMF  DECODER/CONTROLLER  KITS. 
Control  2  separate  on/off  functions  with 
touehtones^  e.g.,  repeater  arid  autopatch. 
U  se  with  main  or  aux  receiver  or  with  Auto- 
patch. Only  $90 

AUTOPATCH  KITS.  Provide  repeater  a uto- 
patchh  reverse  patch,  phone  line  remote 
control  of  repeater,  secondary  control  via 
repeater  receiver.  Many  other  features. 
Only  $90.  Requires  DTMF  Module, 


„ 


.'  I    ''■-    0  I  ■:■  *  -.'•".  I 


J*       £>       A 


HELICAL  RESONATOR  FILTERS  available 

separately  on  peb  w/connectors. 

HRF-144for  143-150  MHz  $38 
HRF-220  for  213-233  MHz  $38 
HRF-432  for  420*450  MHz     $48 


NEW  LOW-NOISE  PREAMPS     RECEIVING  CONVERTERS   TRANSMIT  CONVERTERS 


New  (ow noise  microwave  transistors  make 
preamps  in  rhe  0.9  to  1.0  dB  noise  figure 
range  possible  without  the  fragility  and  power 
supply  problems  of  gasket's.  Units  furnished 
wired  and  tuned  to  ham  band*  Can  be  easiry 
retuned  to  nearby  freq. 


Madete  LNA(  J, 

P3Q,  end  P432 

shown 


Mode* 

LNA2S 
LNA  50 
LNA  1  44 
LNA  220 
LNA  432 
LNA  600 


Tunabie 
Freq  Range     Ncwse  F>qure 


2O40 
40-70 
I2f>180 
160-250 
380-470 
470-960 


OSdS 
0  9  dB 
t  OdB 
1.0  dB 
1.0  dB 
1.2dB 


Gain 

20dB 
20  dB 

iedB 

17dB 
iSdB 
15dB 


Price 
S39 
S39 
539 
S39 
S45 


ECONOMY  PREAMPS 


Our  traditional  preamps,  proven  in  years  of 
service.  Over  20,000  In  use  throughout  the 
world-  Tuneable  over  narrow  range-  Specify 
exact  freq,  band  needed.  Gain  1 6-20  dB.  NF  = 
2  dB  or  less.  VHF  units  available  27  lo  300  NlHz. 
UHF  units  available  300  to  650  MHz. 


P30Kr  VHF  Kit  less  case 
P30W>  VHF  Wired/Tested 
P432K  UHF  Kit  less  case 
P432W,  UHF  Wired/Tested 


SIB 
$33 
$21 
$36 


P432  also  available  in  broadband  version  to 
cover  20-650  MHz  without  tuning.  Same  price 
as  P432:  add  "Bf'  to  model  *. 


HELICAL  RESONATOR 
PREAMPS 


***# 


Our  lab  has  developed  a  new  line  of  low-noise 
receiver  preamps  with  helical  resonator  filters 
built  in.  The  combination  of  a  low  noise  amplifier 
similar  to  the  LNA  series  and  the  sharp  selectivity 
of  a  3  or  4  section  helical  resonator  provides 
increased  sensitivity  while  reducing  intermod 
and  cross*band  interference  in  critical  appli- 
cations. See  selectivity  curves  at  fight.  Noise 
figure  =  1  to  1.2  dB.  Gain  =  12  to  15dB, 


Model 

Tuning  Range 
143-150  MHz 

Price 

HRA-144 

$49 

HRA-220 

213-233  MHz 

$49 

HRA-432 

420-450  MHz 

$59 

HRA-{  ) 

150174MHz 

S69 

HRA-{  ) 

450-470  MHz 

$79 

Models  to  cover  every  practical  rf  &  if  range  to 
listen  to  SSB,  FM.  ATVP  etc.  NF  =  2  dB  or  less. 


VHF  MODELS 

Kit  with  Case  $49 
Less  Case  $39 
Wired  S69 


Antenna 
Input  Range 

28-32 

50-52 

50-54 
144-346 
M5-147 
144-1444 
146-143 
144-148 
220-222 
220-224 
222-226 
220224 
222-224 


Receiver 
Output 

144-T48 
2fl-30 

144-146 
28-30 
23-30 

27-274 
23-30 
50-54 
23-30 

144-148 

144*148 
50-54 
28-30 


UHF MODELS 

Kit  with  Case  $59 
Less  Case  $49 
Wired  $75 


432-434 
435-437 
432-436 
432*436 
43925 


28-30 
2B-30 
144  143 
50*54 
61.25 


SCANNER  CONVERTERS  Copy  72-76,  135- 
1 44t  240-270, 400-420,  or 806-894  MHz  bands 
on  any  scanner.  Wired/tested  Only  $88. 


SAVE  A  BUNDLE  ON 
VHF  FM  TRANSCEIVERS! 


FM-5  PC  Board  Kit  -  ONLY  $1  78 

complete  with  controls,  heatsinkP  etc. 

10  Watts,  5  Channels,  for  2M  or  220  MHz. 


While  supply 
lasts,  get  $60 
cabinet  kit  free  when 
you  buy  an  FM-5  Transceiver  kit. 
Where  else  can  you  get  a  complete  transceiver 
lor  only  $176 


For  SSB,  CW,  ATV.  FM,  etc,  Why  pay  bfg 
bucks  for  a  mufti  mode  rig  for  each  band?  Can 
be  linked  with  receive  converters  for  transceive. 
2  Watts  output  vhft  1  Watt  uhf. 


For  VHF, 
Model  XV2 
Kit  $79 
Wired  $149 
(Specify  band) 


Exciter 

Input  Range 

23-30 

23-29 

23-30 
27-27,4 

23-30 

50-54 
144-146 

50-54 
144-146 


Antenna 
Output 

144-146 
145-146 

50-52 

144-1444 

220-222* 

220-224 

50-52 

144-140 

28-30 


For  UHFP 
Model  XV4 
Kit  $99 
Wired  $169 


2830 
23-30 
50-54 
d1  .25 
144-143 


432-434 
435^437 
432-436 
43925 
432-436* 


■Add  S20  tor  2M  Input 


VHF  &  UHF  LINEAR  AMPLIFIERS.  Use  with 
above.  Power  levels  from  10  to  45  Watts* 
Several  models,  kits  from  $78. 


LOOK  AT  THESE 
ATTRACTIVE  CURVES! 


if 

j 

1 

H 

-1 — 

t 

1 

H        H 

<■ 

, 

•"- 

f 

IrB- 

*l°     I     >lti         «!«        »» 

**<*      «tll        +TU        *M       4M 


Typical  Selectivity  Curves 

of  Receivers  end 

Helical  Resonators. 


IMPORTANT REASONS  WHY 
YOU  SHOULD  BUY  FROM  THE 
VALUE  LEADER: 

7,  Largest  selection  of  vhf  and  uhf  kits 
in  the  world. 

2.  Exceptional  quality  and  low  prices  doe 
to  target  volume. 

3.  Fast  delivery:  most  kits  shipped  same  day. 

4.  Complete,  professional  instruction 
manuals. 

5.  Prompt  factory  service  available  and 
free  phone  consultation. 

6.  In  business  21  years. 

7.  Sell  more  repeater  modules  than  aft 
other  m/rs  and  have  for  years.  Can  give 
quality  features  for  much  lower  cost 


amironics,  inc. 


Call  or  Write  for  FREE  CATALOG 

(Send  $1  -00  or  4  IRC5c  for  overseas  mailing)       J_ _  _    _  ^ 

Order  by  phone  or  mail  •  Add  S3  S&  H  per  order  *>m 

(Electronic  answering  service  evenings  &  weekends)        65-A   MOUL  RD.  •  HILTON  NY  14468 

Use  VISA,  MASTERCARD,  Check,  or  UPS  COD.  Phone:  716-392-9430 

Hamtronics     is  a  registered  trademark 


See  Ltst  of  Adverffsers  on  page  1  N 


73  Magazine  •  January,  1984    145 


DEALER  DIRECTORY 


Culver  City  CA 

Jibi"i  Electronic*.  SWi  SrpuJifd*  Blvd..*  {  uKit 
Clh  CA  U023U,  aeG-MM)3  TrHd»  4«3  I  ^  ^an 
1 1  tgo,  B27-5T32  (Rera  KV) 

Fontana  CA 

Complete  line*  tCOM.  DroTron,  Ten-Tee, 
Mirage,  Cubic.  Lunar,  QAff  tiHKJ  ettKtZOflic 
products  for  rwihhin,  r«,hniL-ian,  apm- 
menrrr  Also  CH  rudm  UrLfiiTHi'bilt*  Ftintang 
Hlwrtromcs-  562*  Sirfi*  v.,  t'onuni  CA 
W335.  §22-7710. 

San  Jose  CA 

Bat  am  *  nfviert  amateur  radm  aurc  Vr* 
Ac  used  amatnir  radio  tab*  &  -iCT\i«=  Wr 
fcariirt  Kenwood.  I  COM,  \/drri.  \*e*u_  Ten- 
Tec,  Santec  &  many  rnorr  SHavcr  Radio,  trie,, 
1371  *kj  Bairorn  Ave  .  S*r  fen  CA  9312A> 
W§-H03. 

New  CatfJe  DE 

Kii^urv  Authorised  Dealer!  Yjkwuj  JCOM.  j  ■  i 
T«r,  KDK.  Azckn.  AEA,  kuninmicv  Suntnc  Full 
line  of  accessories,  X«»  sale*  ink  in  IX+Uwure  Out- 
mile  off  1-95,  Lid* war*'  Amateur  Supply.  Tl 
Meadow  Road.  \<?v*  Gitf?e  t>E  19720, 
38S.77M 

Bloomington  IL 

Hohrt  TilUm — WhHtm!*'  rfttrtCt  iti  1ISM>  . 
In  34 '"»  discoanl  from  ckairr  pricr  All  pmduct* 
*v  uU  bit-  Write  or  call  tm  prter  list  Alio  we  are 
wholesale  dMtnhutun.  M  Amenna  Specialises 
ftefenrt,  and  Hy  Cain  Hill  tUdki.  ¥*&  OJ 
Bond  PO  Bo\  t-tOS.  BkumiRgton  IL 
hl70t-0Vi7.  A&J-21H 


[D 

Rurk\  M-Mjut^iii  *t+m\  ui"*i>l  ham  dealer  Call 
HJM  Firtt  for  AEA,  A*drti,  KlUC.  I™T«',  TM 
it-rtHji.  Cu$bef4&,  and  mtirH  HJM  Eluetwqks, 
4204  Overland.  &w  ID  83705,  M3*401S, 


Protein  ll> 

Rott  WB7EYZ  has  itir  lurt'  '•'   Pi  ■■  I-  oj  atnaWttl 

jp-af  in  the  Intel itaJn   V\im   4ml  the-  K.-*' 

prices  C*ll  mr  fur  aII  vinjr  fu.ni  nrvd*.  Hoto 
DiitrJhutine.  7s  s«    *-t*tr_  Vt&um  ID  S32W. 

Littleton  MA 

Thr  11-liililf  furn  *»i.ur  w**tng  NF     Frill  lint*  of 

ECOM  fr  K«-n*,»id  ¥a*N  l!T\  Drat*1.  D**^ 
RccW  «crcsu}rn~  £1  Tut  k«-t*-ri   Lanen. 

Httsder,  Tcin.  }U  (-am  f-redurfe  Miraz-- 
#m[» ..  AMtbtt  I'  S  Siplw  Delta  pTiUMtW-.. 
\HnL  it  KaEtJonK^  latfiniloQ  Aid*  Whi-dW 
T-tlar  drtn-tot-N  Full  htxr  iff  coai  fitting. 
TEL— COM  EhxlnuiH  1  ummtuiii^tinn*.  U75 
(.rt#t  Bd.  <W1.  119).  M«Jrl«n  MA  0l4fi0, 
4hft-34W3040. 

Ann  Arbor  MI 

W  us  for  products  like  Tim  1  rei  H  C  Driikc. 
Dmiroii  mid  iiiHin  tmnt  Oimi  Monday  throug^l 
Saturday,  0fi30  to  L73D  W'H^i.h.  WMUXO, 
l\  DiOKN,  and  USRF  U-luntl  ihr  cottrriet  Pm- 
chav  Had i4i  Suppli^  127  I\  ElxMntr  Ave..  Ann 
Arbor  Mr  41104   BSH^tM. 


Hudson  NH 

Look!  han».  SWLft,  and  r^KTinn'riU-r*  ]mrts. 
lnHikA.  ui-ai.  intenni>.  toWefs  Call  f(U  CftifrteJt. 
Fo!«*ri  *  ELECTRONLCS  CENTER,  HI  Lowell 
Road  (HoutD  3  A),  Hudson  NH  KJ0S1,  HK3-500S. 

Albany.  New  York 

UPSTATE  NEW  YORK 

Kenwood,  tCOM.  Ten-Tec,  Btrlden.  Cliihctlft. 
Umit,  HttMbf.  ARHU  H\  Cjio  R*U  MFJ, 
Mirage  Vi^si  and  used:  erjuipmersi  Srn,inf  ihe 
amairur  (Txnnuinttv  yr*ce  1*4  2  Adimintaefc 
EteetrofMCkr  tnc„  1991  Centml  A^eJiue,  Allmni 
tfl  12205,  456-0203  one  mile  ««i  o|  SoU 

Columbus  OH 

TV  biggs*  and  best  ham  More  m  thr  Mid^wi 
fratunng  Kenwood  and  other  qualltt  jn,«li>ti> 
u  nh  u  E>rkihK  Uiijiinv  v  U>  »13  *mlA  tlu-  l>e*i  4ti 
lh<rtitt-d  Krn^cxid  ieriiiv.  l!nhertal  Amateur 
fladln.  Inc..  12S0  Aida  Dr..  BevniddthurK  tCdt- 
umhuH  (JH  43lMi*i.  flriti-l2fi7. 

Stigler  OK 

TIQfl  -i-4A    BasicT    Exttnded    Bw|e.    A»crnbl> 
Ljiiirtuam' F^r^nram^   CW  Transceive,  C%  Hnd- 
tin    tA    lam.  WAS.  ssT\.   ritmkU*  rW 
KTarrti    AC5D  Computer  Pro^rarnii,    B«m  3ll&t 
Stigtef  OI£  744&L  9r}7-2fKH- 

ScrauLooPA 

(COM:  Bird.  CTiahcrafT,  Beekman  Flukr  Ijt 
<*ti.  Uutilrr  Aotrtifia  Sprciativti.  Aiirtifi.  A^an- 
tt  BHden.  W2AVW:VS.  AE  V  \  i!woptn_ 
HamKei.  Amphenoi.  Stmv.  R&W  QiaiSc-al. 
Ccrvef  Craft.  J\V  Miller  l?*i» a.  1RHL. 
Am*cT>  VnuTr  LaRue  Electronic*,  1LI2  (.rand- 
View  Si.  Scraninn  PA  1A5D9. 143-2124 

Dallas  TX 

IBM  V(.  A;i|ilr  aftenrniarki-e  ptodliCb;   h< "I »l »V4JSt»' 

rliiinuiji^  [>rojvd  Jiitv  ^ni)  (Hi  miiii'ii'i*-  modem 
kit,     *idiMTiptHiwwiiellite    TV     dtscodei     klli, 

EPRtJM         isrcJ^r^nutuT  ili]|illruHtit,         popillttt 
1  - 1  ■  1 1 1 « ■  r-%     |C    testers,    data    *Eu*vt>,    ujipltcutiuiL 
QOtta    and   nw»e  thar   BOOtl    ptrb  m   rtotA 
SifnkafJJKiuctOTi,     discretti,     iidr^i     produ 
loofa  Ple^c       write       for  KJ|       Frw 

Illeralurr  LalaliP|£        In^t-prndrnt       Flextronic*. 
fr4LS-0tV  Airline  Rd  .  Dalla>  I  \ 


Livonia  Ml 

ComptetP  photmDitaic  «ilefnv  %inatfur  raJio. 
tcpeater.  ^idlnr.  and  computer  application^ 
Call  Paul  WLWAHO  Ennm  Ffaotinoitaikh 
2764)0  Schaoknh  RmbI  UMbi  Ml  4SlrM>. 
523-1SS0. 


Baltimore  \V  ashtneton 

A^anTr4  *ram»«*>r*.  amplifier*  njcJIaltm  awl 
LNAi  GaaiUJ  r»bie  and  eonnertiirv  Blumler 
Tongite  dealer  «ith  MiLM**if  t*f»»rattrrv  Ap- 
plied $f***allk»,  Is*  1010JC  BM»n  Dri^e. 
Br1u\ ilk  MI>  20705,  Waak  S9SSJH2,  Bah. 
T9^S3U  7  JO  am  to  6:00  prn.  MutkUv  thru 
Friday. 


DEALERS 

Your  company  nanie  and  mussaue 
can  contain  up  to  25  words  for  as  little 
iis  $15()  yearly  (prepaid),  m  $13  (>er 
month  (prepaid  quarterly).  Nt>  men- 
tion of  mail-order  dumnua  or  area. 
code  permitted,  Di^ector^■  tcxi  and 
payment  must  reach  us  60  days  in  ad- 
vance of  publication  I  vaniplr. 
advertising  for  the  April  "R4  i*sue  must 
lx*  in  our  hands  by  Feb  I  st  \tail  to  73 
Magazine,  Peterborough  Ml  03458 
ATTN:  NTaney  Ciampa. 


PROPAGATION 


J.  H,  Nelson 
4  Plymouth  Dr. 
Whfttng  NJ  08759 


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A  =  Next  higher  frequency  band  may  also  be  useful. 
B  =  Difficult  circuit  this  period. 

First  letter  =  night  waves.  Second  =  day  waves, 

G  =  Good,  F  =  Fair,  P  =  Poor.  *  =  Chance  of  solar  flares. 

ri  =  Chance  of  aurora. 

NOTE  THAT  NIGHT  WAVE  LETTER  NOW  COMES  FIRST, 


B  .N 


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18      19 

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20 

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P/F 

146     73  Magazine  *  January,  1984 


NEW  GALAXIES  OF  PERFORMANCE  ON  VHF  AND  UHF 


FULL  DUPLEX!! 


TELLITESM 


SCATTER!! 


YAESt: 




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C  -rh 

The  New  Yaesu  FT-726R  Tribander  is  the  world  s  first  multiband,  multimode  Amateur  transceiver  capable  of 
full  duplex  operation.  Whether  you're  interested  in  OSCAR,  moonbounce,  or  terrestrial  repeaters,  you  owe 
yourself  a  look  at  this  one-of-a-kind  technological  wonder! 

Multiband  Capability 

Factory  equipped  for  Z  meter  operation,  the  FT-726R  is  a  three-band  unit  capable  of  operation  on  10  meters,  6  meters,  and/or  two  segments  of 
the  70  cm  band  (430-440  or  440-450  MHz),  using  optional  modules.  The  appropriate  repeater  shift  is  automatically  programmed  for  each 
module,  Other  bands  pending. 

Advanced  Microprocessor  Control 

Powered  by  an  8-bit  Central  Processing  Unit,  the  ten-channel  memory  of  the  FT-726R  stores  both  frequency  and  mode,  with  pushbutton  transfer 
capabilrty  to  either  of  two  VFO  registers.  The  synthesized  VFO  tunes  in  20  Hz  steps  on  SSB/CW,  with  selectable  steps  on  FM.  Scanning  of  the 
band  or  memories  Is  provided. 

Full  Duplex  Option 

The  optional  SU-726  module  provides  a  second,  parallel  IF  strip,  thereby  allowing  full  duplex  crossband  satellite  work.  Either  the  transmit  or 
receive  frequency  may  be  varied  during  transmission,  for  quick  zero-beat  on  another  station  or  for  tracking  Ooppler  shift. 

High  Performance  Features 

Borrowing  heavily  from  Yaesu's  HF  transceiver  experience,  the  FT-726R  comes  equipped  with  a  speech  processor,  variable  receiver  bandwidth, 
IF  shift,  all-mode  squelch,  receiver  audio  tone  control,.and  an  IF  noise  blanker.  When  the  optional  XF-455MC  CW  filter  is  installed,  CW  Wide/ 
Narrow  selection  is  provided.  Convenient  rear  panel  connections  allow  quick  interface  to  your  station  audio,  linear  amplifier,  and  control  lines. 

Leading  the  way  into  the  space  age  of  Ham  communications,  Yaesu's  FT-726R  is  the  first  VHF/UHF  base  station 
built  around  modem-day  requirements.  If  you're  tired  of  piecing  together  converters,  transmitter  strips,  and  relays* 
ask  your  Authorized  Yaesu  Dealer  for  a  demonstration  of  the  exciting  new  FT-726R,  the  rig  that  will  expand  your  DX 
horizons! 


Price  And  Specifications  Subject  To 
Change  Without  Notice  Or  Obligation 


W 


483 


The  radio. 


TAIIU 


-33 


YAESU  ELECTRONICS  CORPORATION  6851  Walthall  Way,  Paramount,  CA  90723 
YAESU  CINCINNATI  SERVICE  CENTER  9070  Gold  Park  Drive,  Hamilton,  OH  4501 1 


(213)  633-4007 
(513)  874-3100 


I 


BIG  performance., 
small  size... 
smaller  price!!! 

TR-2500 

The  TR-2500  is  a  compact  2  meter  FM 
handheld  transceiver  featuring  an  LCD 
readout,  10  channel  memory,  Lithium 
battery  memory  back-up,  memory 
scan,  programmable  automatic  band 
scan.  Hi  Lo  power  switch  and  built-in 
sub- tone  encoder. 

TR-2500  FEATURES; 

*  Extremely  compact  size  and  light 
weight 

Measures  66  (2  5/81  W  x  168  (6-5/8)  H 
x  40  n  D«  mm  [inches).  Weighs 

540  grams  (1.2  lbs}  with  Ni-Cd  park, 

•  LCD  digital  frequency  readout 
Show-  hrqueni  iesand  memory 
channels,  four  'Arrow*'  inda  ator 

•  Ten  channel  memory 

Nine  memories  for  simplex  or  ±600 
kHz  offset.  "MO"  memory  Tor  non- 
standard split  frequency  repealers, 

*  Lithium  battery  memory  hack -up 
[Estimated  5  year  Ufe\)  Maintau 
memory  when  Nl-Cd  pack  Is  fully 

discharged  or  removed. 


n    OFFSET — flEV 


vL13 

Eb 

w.°  c 

-  1*4  +         NORM 


QN  km 
B*TT 


SQUELCH 


POWER;  VOL 


•  HI  LOW  power  selection 

2.5  walls  or  300  mv 

•  Memory  scan 

Scans  niiiv  channels  in  which 
frequency  data  te  stored 

•  Programmable  automatic  band  scan 
Upper  and  lower  frequency  limits  and 
scan  sups  of  5-kHz  and  larger. 

•  UP/DOWN  manual  scan 

•  Built-in  tuneable  sub-tone  encoder 
Tuneable  Ivari  isior)  to  desired 
CTCSS  lour 

•  Built-in  16 -key  autopatch  encoder 

•  "SLIDE-LOC  battery  pack 

•  Repeater  reverse  switch 

•  Keyboard  frequency  selection 

•  Extended  frequency  coverage 

Covers  143.900  to  148.995  MHz  In 
5-kHz  steps. 

•  Optional  power  source 

Using  optional  MS-1  mobile  or  ST-2  AC 

charter/power  supply,  radio  may  be 
operated  while  *  barging.  (Automatic 
drop- in  connections.) 


TR-3500 

70  CM  FM  Handheld 

•  440-449.995  MHz  in  5-kl I  ps 

•  TX  OFFSET  switch  keyboard 

programmable  ±5  kHz  to  ±9.995  M 

•  1.5  W/300  mW  Ml  LOW  power  switch 
■  An  to*  squelch  position  on  squelch 

control 

•  Tone  switch  for  TU-35B  optional 
programmable  (TCSS  encoder 

•  Other  features  include  10  memories 
IhhHim  ballery  memory  bark-up, 
program  in  able  automatic  band 
scan,  memory-  scan,  LIP/DOWN 
manual  st  ,m,  repeater  reverse, 
16-key  autopatch,  keyboard  frr 
quency  selection,  slide-lock  battel 


•  VB-2530  2-M  25  W  RF  power  amp., 
w/cabtes,  mtg.  brkt.  ITR-250G  only} 

•  TU-l  Programmable  CTCSS  encoder 
[TR-250O  only) 

•  1        iB  Programmable 
CTCSS  encoder  (mounts  Inside 
TR-3500  only} 

•  P&-25  Extra  400  J&AH  Ni-Cd  battery 

•  PB-25H  Heavy  duty  490  mAH  Nl-Cd 
battery 

•  DC-25  13.8  vi        dapter. 

•  BT-1  Battery  ease  for  manganese/ 
alkaline  AA  cells 

■  SMC-25  Speaker- m if  rophone 

•  LH-2  Deluxe  leather  case 

•  BH-2A  Belt  honk 

•  RA  :i  m  :vw  A  telescoping  antenna 
I  for  TR-2500). 

-  VVS-I  Wr  rap 

•  EP-1  Earphone 

More  Information  un  i he  TR-2500 
and  TR-3500  ir        tilable  from  ail 
authorized  dealers  of  Trio-Kenwood 
Communications.  1LL1  West  Walnut 

Street  Compton,  California  90220. 

KENW00C 

...pacesetter  tn  amafeur  radifl 
power  supply 

Specifications  and  prices  arv  subject  to  change  without  aoltce  or  ohUgutlo 


Actual  size 

•  High  impact  plastic  case 

•  Battery  status  indicator 

•  Two  lock  switches 

Prevenl  accidental  frequency  change 
and  accidental  transmission. 

Standard  accessories  include; 

•  Flexible  antenna  with  BNC  connector 

•  400  mAH  Mi  C/d  battery  park 

•  A(;  charger 
Optional  accessories: 

•  ST-2  Base  station  power  supply 
charter  (appro x    i  hr.) 

•MS  i  13,8  vdc  mobile  stand/charger/